Epiftok iiu-jLiAaiict, FAMILIAR letters;; Domeftic and Forreri. Divided into four BOO K (Hifiorical^ Parti YyPoliticdl OPhilofophicaii\ Upon Emergent Occafions, By fames Homl Efq- One of the Clerks of his. late Ma ties moft Hon ble Privy Councell. The Fifth Edition* Vt clavis portam, jjf pandit Epiftola pe&us. ! LONDON, \ Printed for Thomas Guy , at the Corner (hop of link) | Lmbardjlreet and Cornhill, near Woelcharsh *' | Market, 1(578. I P 4 1 Hefe Letters addrefs’d (moft of them ) ■ to Your heft degrees of Subjects, do , •*" as fo many lines drawn from the Circumference to the Centre , all meet in Your "Yajefty^ who , as the Law files You the Fountain Honour and grace, fo Yon fhould be the Cen- reofour happinels. If your Majefty vouch- r tfe them a gracious afpe&, they may all prove letters of credit, if not credential Letters , vhich Soverain Princes ufe only to Authorize; 1 hey venture to go abroad into the vafi Ocean the World^as Letters of Mart, to try their for- wnes 5 and Your Majefty being the greateft Lord If Sea under Heaven, zs fittjeftto protend them , ind then they will not fear any human power. 1 i A 3 More - The Epiftle Dedicatory. Moreover , as this Royal Protection fecures them from all danger,fo it mil infinitely conduce to the profperity of their Voyage,and bring them to fafe Fort with rich returns. Nor would thefe. Letters be fo familiar, to pre¬ fume upon fo high a Patronage,were not many of them Records of Tour pwn Royal Aftions ; And *tis well known , that Letters can trefure up,and tranfinit matters of State to pofterity, with as much Faith, and be as authentick, Regifters, and fife fepolitories of Truth, as any Story v/hatfoever. This brings them to lye profir at at Tour feet, With their Author who is Sir, four Majefiies mofi Loyal Subject and Servant, HOWELL, The VOTE ov a POE M-R 0 YA L Prefented To His M AJ ES TY for a New-years-Gifa by way of Difcourfe ’twixt the Poet and his Mufe. CalentUs Jmtrni , 1641. POEMA 'S.^wsnm. T He world’s bright Ey, Times meafurer begun Through watry Capricorn his cours to run, Old jWwhaffened on, his Temples bound With Ivy, his gray hairs with holly crown’d; When in a ferious queft my thoughts did mufe What gift, as bell becoming, I fhould chufe, To Britains Monarch (my dread Soverain) bring, Which might fupplv a Ntw-years offering, I rummag’d all my ftores, and fearch’d my cells Where nought appear’d, God wot, but Bagatells; No far fetch’d Indian Gem cut out of Rock, Or filh’d in fhells were trutted under lock, No piece which Angelo's ftrong fancy hit, Or Titians Penfill, or rare Hillyards wit. No Ermins, or black Sables, no fuch skins, As the grim Tartar hunts or takes in gins; No Medals, or rich ttuff of Tyrian Dy, No coftly Bowls of frofted Argentry, No curious Land-skip, or fome Marble peiee Digg’d up in Velpbos, or elfewherein Greece ; No Roman Perfumes, Buffs, or Cordovans Made drunk with Amber by Moreno's hands, ' No Arras or rich Carpets freighted o’re The furging Seas from Afia's doubtful fliore. No Lions Cub or beaft of-ttrange Afpetf, Which in Numidian's firery womb had fleptj No old Toledo Blades, or Dammasfyns. No Pittols, or fom rarerfpring Cairabins, No Spanish Ginet, or choice stallion fent From Naples or hot A fries Continent; In fine, I nothing found I could defery WoEhy the hands of Cafar or his eye , »4 'My ■ My wits wer at a fiand,~ when,loe, my Mufe (None of the Quire, but fuch as they do ufe For Laundrefies or Handmaids of mean rank I knew fometimes on Vo and Ijis bank) Did foftly buz,- Mufe. _— Then let me fomthing bring, May hanfel the New-year toe HARLES my King, May ufher in bifronted Janus -' Poet. Thou fond fool-hardy Mufe, thou filly thing, Which ’mongft the fhrubs and reeds do’ft ulc to ling, Dar’ft thou perk up, and the tall Cedar clime, And venture on a King with gingling rime ? Though all thy words wer Vends , thy letters Gold, And cut in Mbits, or caft in a mould Of Diamonds, y et ftillthy Lines would be Too mean a gift for fuch a Majeftie. Mufe. He try, and hope to paffe without difdain, In New-yeers gifts the ftihid Hands for the tmiiu The Sophy, finding ’twas well meant, did daign Few drops of running-water from a Swain, Then fure, ’twill pleafe my Liege, if I him bring; Som gentle drops from the Caftalian Spring; Though Rarities I want of fuch account, Yet have I fomthing on the forked mount, ’Tis not the firft, or third accede I made To Cafars feet, and thence departed glad. For as the Sun with his male heat doth render Me 's muddy flime fruitful, and apt t’ engender, And daily to produce new kind of creatures Of various fhapes and thoufand differing feature^ So is my fancy quickncd by the glance Of His benign afpeft and countenance, It makes me pregnant and to fuperfcete, Such is the vigor of His beams and heat. Once in a Vocall F orrefl I .did fing, And made the Oake to Hand for CHARLES ’my Ring The beft of Trees, whereof (it is no vant) The greateft Schools of Europe fing and chant: There you fliall alfo find Dame (a) AR METIN' E, ■ great Henries Daughter, and great Britans Queen, Her name engraven in a Lawrel Tree, And fo tranfmittcd to' Eternity. For now I hear tlnt'Grove fpeaks befides mine, The Language of the Loire, the P o and K bine, ("And to my Prince (my fweet Mac^Frince) of late, I did a youthful fubjeft dedicate; Nor do I doubt but that in time my Trees ■Will yeild me fruit to pay Apollo's Fees, To offer up whole Hecatombs.of praife , To cdar, if on them he call his rays, AAnd if my Lamp have oyl, I may compile ■ TJie Modern Annals,of great Albion's Kle, _ * To vindicate the truth of CHARLES his Reign, • From fcribling Pamphletors who Story Ram With loofe imperfeft paftages, and thruft Lame things upon the worlds t’ane up in truft. ' I have had audience (in another ftrain; Of E»rop?jgreateft Kings, when German main And the Cantabrian waves I crofs’d, I drank Of Tagus-, Seine , and fate at Tybirs bank, Through Scylla and cbarybdis I havt fleer d, Wher reflles u£tna belching flames appear’d,^ Ey Greece, once Valias's Garden, then I prails c Now all ore-fpread with ignorance and waffc. Nor hath fair Enrop her vaft bounds throughout, An Academy of note I found not out, / But now I hope in a fuccefsful pro r e, i The Fates have fix’d me on fweet Englands more, And by thefe various wandringstrue I found, Earth is our common Mother, every ground May be ones Countrey, for by birth'each man Is in this world a Cosmopolitan, A free-born Eurgefs, and receives thereby His Denization from Nativity: - N or is this lower world but a huge lnne. And men the rambling paikngers, wherein Som do warm lodgings find, and that as foon , As out of natures Clonets they fee noon. And find the Table ready laidbut fom Muft for their commons trot and trudge for room; With cafie pace fom climb Promotions Hill , Som in the Dale, do what they can, (tick ftill; Som through falfe glaiies F ortnn: fmihng fpy,; Who ftill keeps off,though fhe appears hard by ; Som like the Oftrich with her wings do flutter. But cannot fly or foar above-the gutter, Som quickly fetch, and double Good-Hopes Cape, Somne’r cando’t though the fame cours they fliape. So that poor mortals are fo many balls Tois’d fom o’r line, fom under fortun’s walls. And it is Heavens high pleafure man fhould lye Obnoxious to this partiality, That by induftrious ways he fliould contend ’Nature's fliort pittance to improve and mend; Now, Indiifcy ne’r fail’d, at laft t’ advance 1 Her patient fons above the reach ■ of chance. Poet. But whither rov’ft thou thus — ? Well; fince I fee thou art fo flrongly bent, And of a gracious lookfo confident, 6oand throw down thy felf at Cafars feet, And in thy beft attire thy Soveraign greet. Go, an aufpicious and moftbliffeful yeer Wifh Him, as e’r fhin’d o’r this Hemifphear. Good may the Entrance,betKtxhc miadlebe, And the Conclufton beft of all the three; Of - joy ungrudg’d may each day be a debter, . And every mornftill ufher in abetter,* May the foft gliding Nones and evry lde. With all the Calends ftill fom good betide, May Cynthia with kind looks, and Ph.ebits rays, One clear his nights, the other gild his days. Free limbs,unphyfic’d health; due appetite,. Which no fauce elfebut Hunger may excite, Sound fleeps green'dreams be his, which reprefent Symptoms of health, and the next dayes content; Chearful and vacant thoughts, not alwayes bound To counfel, or in deep Idea’s drown’d, (Though fuch late traverfes, and tumults might Turn to a lump of care, the airieft wight) And fince while fragile flelh doth us array. The humors ftill are combating forfway, (Which wer they free from this reluftancy And counter pois’d, man would immortal be) May fanguin o’r the reft predominate In Him, and their malignant flux abate. May his great Queen, in whofe Imperious ey Reigns fuch a world of winning Maj«ftie, Like the rich Olive or Falernian Vine Swell with more gems of Cions mafculine ; And as her fruit fprungfrom the Rofe and Lucs, ('The beft of hems Earth yet did e’re produce) Is tied already by a Sanguin lace To all the Kings of Europe’s high-born race^ So may they (hoot their youthful branches o’re The (urging Seas; and graft with every (hore. May home-commerce and trade encreafe from far. That both the Indies meet within his bar, And bring in mounts of Coyn his Mints to feed, And Banquets (trapes chief [importers) breed, Which may enrich his Kingdoms, Court and Town, And ballad dill the coffers of the Crown; For Kingdoms are as (hips, the Prince his cheds The ballad, which, if empty, when didred With dorms, their holds are lightly trimm’d, die keel Can run no fteedy courfe, but tofs and reel; May his Imperial Chamber always ply To his defires, her wealth to multiply, That (he may prize his Royal favour more Than all the wares fetch’d from the great Mogor, May the (6) Grand Senate, with the fubjefts right Put in the Counter-fcale the Regal might The floowrs o’th’Crown,that they may prop each other, And like the Greecians tvs in, live, love together. For the chief glory of a people is The power of their King, as theirs is his; May he be dill within himfelf at home, That no juft padion make the reafon rome, Yet paflions have their turns to roufe the foul, ' And dir herflumbring fpirits, not controul; For as the Ocean befides ebb and flood (Which (c) Nature’s greateft Clerk, ne’r underftoodj Is not for (ail, if any impregning wind Fill not the flagging canvas, fo a mind Too calm is not for aftion, if defire Heats not it felf at paflions quickning fire, For Nature is allow’d fomtirnes tomufter Her paflions, fo they only blow, not bjufter. May Juftice dill in her true fcales appear And honour fix’d in no unwordiy fpheai; Unto whofe Palace all accefs (hould have Through virtues Temple, not through s Cave. May May his true fubjefts hearts be his chief Fort, Their purfe his treafure, and their love his port, Their prayers as fweet Incenfe, to draw down Myriads of blefiings on his jjueen and Crown. And now that his glad , prefence, didaflwage, That fearful temped in the North did rage, May thofe frog vapours in the Irijh skye Be fcatter’d by the beams of Majefty, That the Hybernian lyre give fucli a found, May on our coafts with joyful Ecchoes bound. And when this fatal Planet leaves to lour, Which too too long on Monarchies doth pour His direful-influence, may Peace once more Defcend from Heaven on our tottering Ihore, And ride in triumph both on land and main, And with her milk-white fteed draw Charles his min, That fo,for thofe Saturnian times of old, An age of Pearl may com in lieu of Gold. Virtue ftill guide his courfe,and if there be A thing as Fortune, him accompany. May no ill genius haunt him, but by’s fide The bell protecting Angel ever bide. May He go onto vindicate the right Of holy things, and make the Temple bright, To keep that Faith, that facred Truth entire. Which he received from QT) Solomon his Sire And fince we. all mult hence, by th’Iron decree Stamp’d in the black Records of Defiiny. Late may his life, his glory ne’r wear out, Till the great year of Plato wheel about; So prayeth The writ of Poets to The heft of Princes yet The moil loyal of His Votaries and. Vaffals , Comment. jams Howel. it Arhetine id eft 'virtuous. Anagram of Henrietta. b The Parlement, c Hippocrates. d King jarnes. To the Homing Readet, touching Pafiiiliar Letters, L Ove is the life of Friendlhip, Letters are The life of Love, the Loadftones that by rare Attraction make fouls meet, and melt, and mix, ■ As when by fire exalted gold we fix. They are thofe wing’d Pojtillions that can fly From theAntartic to the Artie sky; The Heralds and fwift Harbingers that move From Eaft to Weft on EmbafTies of love; They can the Tropes cut, andcrofs the Line, And fwim from Ganges to the Rhone or Rhine, From Thames to Tagus, thence to tyber run, And terminat their journey with the Sun: They can the Cabinets of Kings unferue, And hardeft intricacies of State undue; They can the Tartar tell, what the Mogor, . Or the great Tm\ doth on the Aft an fhore, The K.W\ of them may know, what Presler John Doth with his Camels in the torrid Zone: Which made the Indian Inca think they were Spirits who in white fheetsthe Air did tear. The lucky Goofe fav’d Jove' s beleagred Hill, Once by her noyfe , but oftnerby her Qitill: It twice prevented Rome, was not o’re-run By the tough Vandal, a. nd the rough-hewn Him. Letters can Plots, though moulded under ground, Difclofe, and their fell Complices confound, Witnefs that fiery Pile which would have blown Up to the Clouds, Prince, Peeple, Peers, and Tpwn, Tribunals, Church, and Chappel, and had dryed The Thames, though fwelling m her higheft pride, And parboyl’d the poor Fifh, which from her fands Had been tofs’d up to the adjoyning lands. Lawyers as Vultures had foar’d up and down, Frelatslike Magpies in the air had flown, Had not the Eagles Letter brought to light. That fubterranean horrid work of night. Credential Letters,- States and Kingdoms tye. And Monarchs knit in leagues of Amity; They are thofe golden links that do enchain Whole Nations, thofe defeended by xhe Main; ~ They are the foul of Trade, they make Commerce Expand it felf throughout the Univeife. f Letters may more than Hi/lory inclofe The choiceft learning, both i-n Veffe and Profe; They knowledg can unto our fouls difplay, By a more gentle, and familiar way, The higheft Points of State and Policy, The moft fevere parts of Philofophy May be their fubjett, and their Themes enrich As well as privatbufinefles, in which Frends ufe to correfpond, and Kindred greet. Merchants negotiat, the whole World meet, -i In Seneca' s rich Letters is infhrin’d What e’re the Ancient Sages left behind: Tally makes his the fecret fymptoms tell Of thofe diftempers which proud Rome befell, When in her higheft fiourifh (he would make Her Tybtr from the Ocean homage take. Great Antonin the Emperor did gain More glory by his Letters than his Raigti : His Pen out-lafts his Pity, each golden line In his Epiftles doth his name inlhrine, Aurelius by his Letters did the fame. And they iu cheif immortalize his fame; Words vanilhfoon, and vapour into air, While Letters on Record ftand frefhand fair, And tell our Nephews who to us were dear, Who our choicedrends, who our familiars were. The bafhful Lover when his (hammering lips Falter, and fear fom unadvifed (lips, May boldly court his Miftrefs with the Quill, And his hot paftions toher .breftinftill; The-PM can furrow a fond Femals heart, And pierce it more than Cupid's feigned dart: Letters a.kind of Magic vertue have, And like ftrong Philtres human (ouls inflave. Speech is the Index , Letters ideas are 0f the informing foul, they can declare, And (hew the inward man, as we behold A face reflefting in a chryftal mold: They ferve the dead and living, they becom Attorneys and Adminifters: In fum, Letters like Gordian knots do Nations tye, Elfe all Commerce, and Love, ’twixt men would dye. Tnefe enfuing letters twain for their principal fubjelt a faithful re¬ lation of the privateit paffages that happen'd at Court a good part of James’j Reign, and that of his late Majefiy. Asfncb alfo of form affairs which had reference to thefe Kingdoms ; Vix, Of T He Wars of Germany, and die tranfa&ions of the Treaties about reftoring the Palatinat,mth the Houfe ohAnjlria and Sweden. The Treaty and traverfes of the Match with Spain. The Treaty of the Match with France. An exaft furvey of the Netherlands. Another of Spain, Italy, France, and of moft Countreys in Eu¬ rope, with their chief Cities and Governments. Of the Hans Towns,-and the famous quarrel ’tween Queen Elizabeth and them. Divers Letters of the extent of Chriftianity, and of other Religions upon earth. Divers Letters of the languages up dnd down the earth. Accounts of fundry Embattles from England to other States. Som pieces of poetry wherwith the Profe goes interlarded. Divers new opinions in Philofophy defcanted upon. Paffages of former Parlements, and of this prerent, &c. Among thefe Letters there goes along a Legend of the Author's life, and of his feveral employments, with an account of his for- ren Travels and Negotiations > wherinhehad occafion to make hisaddrefs to thefe Perfonages, and Perfons under-written. Letters to Noblemen. T O His late Majefty To theL. JMoIjk# To the Duke of Buckingham To the L. Digby To the Erl of Cumberland To the Lady Marchionefs ef To the Erl of Dor/ef if'inchefter To the Erl of Rutland To the La. Scroope To the Erl of Leicester To the Countefs of Sunderland To the Erl of Sunderland To the La. Cornwallis To the Erl of Brifiol To the La. Digby To the Erl Rivers To the Vicountefs St. John To the Erl of Strafford . To Bifhop ujher, Lord Primat Tothe Erl of Carberry of Ireland To the L.Vicount Corny, Se- ToB. Field cretary ToB. Duppa Tothe L. VicountSaw^e To the B. of London. To the L. Herbert of cberbtny ToB .Howel TiothcL,Cottington To the B.of Rocheiler To The Table. Knights, VoBors, Efiuim, Gentlemen and Merchants . T O Sir Robert Manfel. To Sir James Crofts To Sir John North To Sir Edward Spencer To sir K enelmVigby To Sir Edward Savage To Sir John Smith To Sir will. Saht-Geon To S\r Thomas Savage ., To Sir Eran. Cottington To Sir Robert Napier To Sir Peter n'icbts To Sir Sackyil Trever To Sir Sackyil Crow To Sir Arthur Ingram To Sir Timas Lake To' Sir Eubule Tneloall To Sir Alex. Ratcliff To Sir Philip Manwayring To Sir Btvis Theloall. . To Doftor Manfel To Dr. Rowel To Dr. Prichard To Dr. U’icbam . To Dr .J.Vay To Mr. Alder. Clethero To Mr. Alder. Moulfon To the Town of Richmond ToMr.K .Altham ' To Mr. D. Caldwall •' To Capt. Fran. Bacon To Mr. Ben. Johnfon To Mr. End, a v.l Capt. Thoma Porter To Mr. Simon vigby To Nh.Walfmgham Grefley To Mr. Thomas Gwyn To Mr. John wroth To Mr. william Blois To Mr. Howel Gwyn To Mr. Robert Barn To Mr. Thomas More To Mr .John Savage To Mr. Hugh Penry To Mr. chriftopher Jones To Mr. R. Brown , To Mr. William Martin To Capt. Nicholas Leat To Mr. R. Brownrigg To Mr. John Batty To Mr. will. Saint Geon To Mr. James Howard To Mr. Ed. Noy To Mr. william Anti In To Mr. Rowland Gwyn To Mr. william Vaughan To Mr .Arthur Hopt on To Mr. Thomas Jones To Mr. JohnPrice To Captain Ol. Saint Geon, With dtitrt othtrsl Epiftok Ho-Eliani, 'Familiar L ET T E%S~. To Sir J. S. at Leeds Cafile ' S I R, I T was a quaint difference the ancients did put ’twixd a Letter, and an Oration, that the one fhould be attir’d like ai Woman, the other like a man : The latter of the two is allowed large fide robes, as long periods, paren-' thefis, fimiles, examples, and other parts, of Rhetorical- flou- rilhes : But a Utter or T]>i(lle ' fhould be fhort-coated, and cloiely couched •, a Hungerliri becomes a Letter more han- fomely then a Gown. Indeed we fhould write as we fpeak; and that’s a true Familiar Letter which expreffcth ones' mind, as'if he were ditcourfing witn the party to whom he writes in fuccinft andfhort termes. The Toting and the Pen, are both of them interpreters of the mind •, bnt I hold the Ten to be the more faithful of the two : The Tongue in nda pofita, being feared in a mold flippery place, may fail and falter in her fudden extemporal expreffions but the 'Ted having a greater advantage of premeditation, is not fo fubj'eft to error, and. leaves things behind it upon firm and authen¬ tic record. Now Letters, though they be capable of any fubjeft, yet commonly they are either Nanatory, Objurgatoty,- Confolatory, Monitory, of Congratulatory. The firft confifts of k- ; lotions, The fecond of reprehenfions, The third of comfort. The Iaft two'of conned and joy : There are fom who in lieu of Letters write Homelies ,they Preach when they fhould Epiftolize; Ther are others that turn them to tedious traffats-,. this is to make Letters degenerat from their true nature. Some modern Au¬ thors th?re are, who have expos’d their Letets to the world; but moft of them, I mean among you Latin Epiftolizers, go; fraighted withmeer Bartholomew ware,, with trite,andtrivial' plirafes only, lifted with pedantic fhreds of School-boy verfes. lOthers there are among our next tranfmarift neighbours Eaftf A wavety 2 Familiar Letters. Vo!, r. ward, who write in their own language, but their flile is fo foft and eafie,that their Letters may be Laid to be like bodies of loofe fldh without finews,they have neither Joyntsof art,nor arteries in them j they have a kind of fimpering and lank heftic expref- fions made up of a bombaft of words and finical affeftedcom- '' plements onlyI cannot well away with fuch fleazy duff, with '(itch cobweb compofitiom, where there is no ftrengih of matter, nothing for the Reader to carry away with him, that may in- large the notions of his foul/ One (hall hardly find an apothegm, example, fimile, or any thing of Philofophy, Hiftory, or folid knowledge, or as much as one new mated phrafe, in a hundred of them ; and to draw any obfervations out of them, wer as if one went about to diftil cream out of froth; jlnfomuch that it may be faid of them,what was faid of the Ecclio, That fhe was a am found and nothing life. I return you your Balzac by this bearer, and when I found thofe Letters, wherein he is fo familiar with his King, fo flat,and t hofc to Richelieu, fo puff’d with prophane hyperboles and lard¬ ed up and down with fuch grofs flatteries, with others befides which he fends as Urinals up and down the world to look into his water, for difeovery of the crazy condition of his body,I for¬ bore him further: So 1 am Your mojt ajfefiiohat Servitor, mfbninfltr, 25. Julii. 1625. J- H. — To my Father upon myfirft going beyond Sea, SIR, I Should be much wanting to my fclf,and to that obligation of Duty, the LawofGod,andhis Handmaid Nature hathimpo- (ed upon me, if I fhould not acquaint you with the courfe and quality of my affairs and fortunes, fpecially at this time, that I am upon point of eroding the Seas to eat my bread abroad. Nor is it-the common relation of a Son that only induc’d me hereunto,but that moft indulgent and coftly Care you have been pleafed (in fo extraorciinary a manner)to have had of my bree¬ ding (though but one child offijiceii)by placeing me in a choice methodical School f fo far diflant from your dwelling under a learned (though lading ) Mafler ; and by tranfplanting me thence to Oxford, to be graduated £and fo holding me {fill up by the chin,until I<£ould fwim without Bladders. This Patrimony of liberal Education you have been pleafed to endow me withal, I now Vol. i. Familiar Letters. $ I now carry along with me abroad, as a fure infeparable Trea- fure; nor do I feel it any burden or incumbrance unto me at all: And what danger foever my perfon,or other things I have about me, do incur, yeti do not fear the lofingof this,either by Ship- wrack, or Pyrats at Sea, nor by Robbers, or Fire, or any other Cafualty alhore: and at my return to England,l hope at leaftwife I ./hall do my indeavour, that you may find this Patrimony im¬ proved foinewhat to your comfort. The main of my implovment, is from that gallant Knight,Sir Robert Manfcll ,. who, with my Lord of Tembrool k, and divers other of the prime Lords of the Court, have got the foie Patent of making all forts of Glafs with Pit-cole, onely tofavethofe huge proportions of Wood which were confumed formerly in the Glafs Furnaces: And this Bufinefs being of that nature, that the Workmen are to be had from Italy, and the chief Materials from Spain, Francs, and other Forreri Countries 5 there is need of an Agent abroad for this ufcand better then I have offered their fervice in this Kind ) fo that I believe I /hall have Employ¬ ment in all thefe Countreys before I return. Had I continued /till Steward of the Glafs-houfe in Broad put, where Captain Francis Bacon hath. fucceeded me,I fhould 'in a (hort time have melted away to nothing, amongft thofe hot Venetians, finding my felf too green for fuch a charge; therefore it hath pleafed God to difpofeof me now to a condition more futable to my years, and that will, I hope prove more advanta¬ ges to my future Fortunes. In this my Peregrination, if I happen, by fomt accident, to be difappointed of that allowance I am to fubfift by, Imuft make my addrefs to you, for I have no other Rendevous to flee unto; but it (hall not be, unlefs in cafe of great indigence. Touching the News of the time : Sir Georgs Villiers, the new . Favorit, tapers up apace, and grows ftrong at court: His Prede- cefior, the Earl of Somrfit, hath got a Leafe of ninety years for his life, and fo hath his articulate Lady, called fo, for articling again/! the frigidity and impotence of her former Lord,She was afraid that Coo^ the Lord Chief Juftice(who had ufed extraordi¬ nary art and induftry in difeovering all the circutnftances of the poifoning of Overbury ) would have made white Broth of them, but that the Prerogative kept them from the Pot : yet the fub- fervient inftruments, the Idler flyes could not break thorow, but lay entangled in the Cobweb ; amongft others Miftris Turner, the firft inventrefs q{ yellow Starch was executed in a Cobweb Lawn Ruff of that colour at T'jlmrn, and with her I believe that ydlow Starch , which fo much disfigured our Nation, and ren- A dcred Vol 1. 4 Familiar Letters. dered them fo ridiculous and fantaftic, will receive its Funeral. d:Otherwife both Of you might nave juft grounds to exhibit a Bill of Complaint, or rather, a Proteft againft me, and cry me up; you for a forget¬ ful friend jfhe, for an ungrateful Son,if not feme fpurious Blue. To prevent this, I falute you both together; you with the belt of my molt cafidid affections; her with my mod dutiful obfervance, and thankfulnefs for the milk fhepleafed to give me m that Exuberance,had I taken it in that meafure (he offered it me whil - I flept in her lap : yet that little I have fucked, I carry with-me now abroad,and hope that this courfe of life will help to concoct it to a greater advantage, having opportunity, by the nature ot Yol i. Familiar Letters. 5 my imployment, to ftudy men as well as booh'. The fmall time I fupervis’d the Glarfe-houfe, I got amongftthofe Venetians fom fmatterings of the Italian Tongue, which,befides the littlel have, you know,of School-languages, is all the PreparativesT have made for travel. I am to go this week down to Gravefend, and fo em- barque for Holland. I have got a Warrant from the Lords of the Councel to travel for three years any'where, Rome and St- Omer excepted. I pray let me retain fom room,though never fo little, in your thoughts^ during the time of this our reparation, and let our foules meet fometimes by intercourfe of letters; I promife you that yours (hall receive the bed entertainment I can make them, for I love you dearly, dearly well, and value your frerid- fhip at a very high rate : So with apprecation of as much happi- nefs to you at home, as I (hall defire to accompany me abroad, I reft ever. London, this 20. . Tour friend to ferve you, March, 1618. J. H. T9 Sir James Crofts, Knight at S. Ofith. SIR, I Could not (hake hands with England, without killing your hands alfo;and becaufe, in regard of your diftance now from London, I cannot do it in perfon, I fend this paper for my Deputy. The news that keeps gteateft noife here now, is the return of Sir waiter Raleighkom his myneofGold in Guiana the South parts of America, which at firft was like to be fuch a hopeful boon Voyage, but it feems that that golden myne is proved a meer Cbymera, an imaginary airy myne: and indeed, his Majeftie had never any other conceit of it : But what will notone in Cap- tivityfas Sir Walter was ) promife, to regain his freedom ? who ; would not promife notonely mines, but mountains of Gold,for ! Liberty ? and’tis pitty fuch a knowing well-weigh’d Knight had [not had a better Fortune 5 for the Deftiny C I mean that brave [Ship which he built himfelfof that name, that carried him thi- ; ther)is like to prove a fatal Deftiny to him, and to feme of the J reft of thofe gallant Adventurers which contributed for the fet- rting forth Qf thirteen fhips more, who were mod of them his kinfmen and younger brothers,being led into the faid Expedition by a general conceit the world had of the wifdoinof Sir Walter Raleigh ; and many of thefe are like to make of their states by this Voyage, Sir Walter landed at Plymouth , whence 6 Familiar Letters. Veil. bethought to make an efcape -,and fome fay he hath tampered with his body by Phylick, to make him look fickly, that he may be the more pitied,and permitted to lye in his own hoilfe. Count Gondamar the Spanifh Ambajfador fpeaks high language, and fen¬ ding lately to defire Audience of his Majeftie, he faid he had but one word to tell him, his Majefty wondring what might be de¬ livered in one word; when he came before him, he faid onely, Pyrats, Pyrats, Pyrats, and fo departed. ’Tis true that he proteftedagainft this Voyage before,and that it could not be but for fome predatory defign : And that if it be as I hear, I fear it will go very ill with Sir Walter, and thatGiw- damar will never give him over, till he hath his head off his Ihoulders,which may quickly be done, without any new Arraign¬ ment, by vertue of the old fentence that lies hill dormant agamft him,which he could never get off by Pardon, notwithftanding that he mainly laboured in it before he went •, but his Majeftie could never be brought to it, for he faid he would keep this as a Curb to hold him within the bounds of his Commitfion, and the good behaviour. Gondamar c ryes out,that he hath broke the facred Peace ’twixt the two Kingdoms, That he hath fired and plundered fanto 'Jhoma a Colony the Spaniards had planted with fo much blood, neer under the Line, which made it prove fuch hot fervice un¬ to him, and where, befides others, helofthiseldeftSoninthe Aftion: and could they have preferved the Magazin of Tobacco onely, befides other things in that Town, fomething mouglit have bin had to countervail the charge of the Voyage. Gondamar alleadgeth further, that the enterprife of the myne failing, he propounded to the reft of his Fleet to go and intercept fome of the Plate-Galeons,with other Defigns which would have drawn after them apparent afts of Hoftifity, and fo demands juftice: befides other difafters which fell out upon the dafhing of the firft defign, Captain Remijh, who was the main inftrument for dif- covery of the myne, piftoll’d himfelfina defperatemood of dif- content in his Cabin, in the Convertine. This return of Sir Walter Raleigh from Guiana, puts me in mind of a facetious tale I read lately in Italian^ for I have a little of that Language already,) how Alpbonjo King of Naples feat a Afow,who had been his Captive along time, to Barbary, with a .confiderable fum of money tobuyhorfes, and to return by fuch a time.' Now there was about the King a kind of Buffoon orje- fter who had a Table-Book or Journal, wherein he was ufed to regifter any abfurdity, ’ or impertinence, or merry paffage that happened upon the Court, That day the Moor was difpatched' ' for Pol. I. Familiar Letters. 7 for Barbary, the faid Jefter waiting upon the King at fupper, the King call’d for his Journal, and afltt what he had obferved that day; thereupon he produced his Table-Kook, andamongu ocher things, he read how AlpJmfo King of AapUshm lent Biltrnn the Moor, who had been a long time his Prifoner, to Morocco ( his own CountreyJ with fo many thoufand Crowns, to a ’ horfes. The King asked him why he mferted that, Becaule he, I chink he will never come back to be a Pnfoner again, and fo you have loft both man and money. But if lie do come, then your Jeft is marfd, quoth the King : No Sir^/or if hi v£~ turn 1 will Mot out your name, and put him infer a Fool. The Application is cafic and obvious: But the wo,Id won¬ ders extreamly, that fo great a wife man as Sir Walter Raleigh would return to call himfcltuponfo inevitable a Rock, as I tear he will; and much more, thatfuch choice men, and fo great a Power of fhips, fhould all come home and do nothing. The Letter you fentto my Father, I conveyed fafely the laft week to wales. I am this week, by Gods help, for the Nether¬ lands, and then I think for France. If in this my forren employ¬ ment I may be any way ferviceable unto you, you know what power you have to difpofe of me, for j honour you in a very t high degree, and will live and die, f London, 28 .of March, Tour humble and ready i if 18. fervant, To my Brother , after Dr, Hqwel, atidnow Bp. of Briftol, from Amfterdam. BROTHER, I Am newly landed at Amsterdam, and it is the firft forren earth I ever fet foot upon. I was pitifully lick all the Voy¬ age, for the Weather was rough, and the Wind untoward , and at the mouth of the Texel we were furprifed by a furious ; Temped, fo that the Ship was like to fplit upon-Tome of thofe loin flumps of trees wherwith that River is lull y for in Ages |paffd, as the Skipper told me, thergrewa fair Forreft in that £ Channel where the Texel makes now her bed. Having bin _fo ] rocked and (haken at Sea •, when I cameafhorel began to in- : cline to Copernicus his opinion, which hath got fueli a fway jacely in the world, vi\. That the Earth, as well as the reft of t her fellow-Elcments, is in perpetual motion, for flip feem’d lb tq Ai 8 Familiar Letters, Vol. i, me algood while after I had landed. He that obfervcs the fite and j » pofition of this Countrey,will never hereafter doubt the truth of! that Fnilofophical Problem which keeps fo great a noifc in the Schools, '-j/y.That the Sea is higher than the Earth,becaufe,as I failed along thefe Coafts, I vifibly found it true •, for the Ground here which is alPtwixt Marfh and Moorilh, lyes not onely.level, but to the apparent fight of the eye far lower then the Sea,which made the Duke of Alva fay, That the Inhabitants of this Coun- trey werthe neareft Neighbours to Hell ( the great AbyffeJ of any people upon Earth, becaufe they dwell loweft : Moll of that Ground they tread, is plucked as it were out of the very Jawesof Neptim, who is afterwards pennt out by high Dikes, which are preferred with incredible charge, infomuch,That the chief Dilg-grave here, is one of the greateft Officers of truft in all the Province, it being in his power, to turn the whole Countrey into a Salt lough when he lift, and Jo to put Hans to fwim for his life, which makes it to be one of the chiefeft parts of his Le- tany, From the Sea, the Spaniard, and the Devil, tire Lord deliver me.I need not tell you who preferves him from the laft,but from the Spaniard, his beft friend is the Sea it felf, notwithftanding that he fears him as an Enemy another way: for the Sea ftretch- ing himfelf here into divers Arms, and meeting with fome of thofe frelh Rivers that defeendfrom Germany to difgorge them- felves into him through thefe Provinces, moft of thofe Towns are 'thereby incompafs’d with Water,which by Sluces,they can con- trad: or dilate as they lift: This makes their Towns inacceflible, and out of the reach of Canon j fo that water may be faid to be or,e of their beft Fences,otherwife I believe they had not been a- ble ro have born up fo long againft the Gigantic power of Spain, This City of 4 m]lerdam,though fhe be a great Staple of News, yet I can impart none unto you at this time, I will defer that till I come to the Hague. I am lodged here at one Mounfieur Dela Clare, not far from ' the Exchange, to make an introduftioninto the French : becaufe I believe j mail fteer my cours hence next to the Countrey wher that Language is fpoken ; but I think I fhall fojorn hereabout two mqneths longer,therfore I pray direft your Letters accord- f ly, or any other you have for me; One of the prim comforts traveller is to receive Letters from his friends-, they beget new its in him, andprefent joyful objetfs to his fancy, when his mind ■is clouded fometimes with Fogs of melancholy-, therefore I pray make me happy as often as your conveniency will ferve with yours: You may fend or deliver them to Captain Bum at the ^lafte-houfe, 'who will fee them frfely ferit, \ Pol i. • Familiar Letter 9 > So my dear brother, I pray Godblefie us-both, andfendus J after this large diftance a joyful meeting. Amfierdam, April i. Tour loving Brother, - ■ 1617. J. H. 1 ' Vi : ■ j To Dan. Caldwall Efy. from Arafterdatn. I My dear Dan. I Have made your freticrhip fo neceffary unto me for thecon- tentment of my life,that happinefs it felf would be buta land, of infelicity without it: It is as needfnl to me,as Fire & water, i as the very Air I take in, and breath out; itisto iftenotonely hecejfitudo, but neceifitas : Therfore I pray let me injoy it in that fair proportion,that I defire to return unto you by way of corre- fpondence and retaliation. Ourfirftligue of love, you know, j was contracted among the Mufes in Oxford ■, for no fooner was I matriculated to her,but I was adopted to you; I became her fin, and your friend, atonetime: You know I followed you then to London, wher our love received confirmation in the Temple, and J elfewhere. We are now far afunder, for no leffe then a Sea fe¬ vers us, and that no narrow one, but die German Ocean: D/- | fiance fometimes endears frendfhip and abfence fweetneth it, it much | enhanceth the value oj it, and maizes it more precious : Let this be ve- I rified in us,Let that love which formerly ufed tobenourilhedby perfonal communication, and the Lips, be now fed by Letters; let the Pen fupply the Office of the Toung: Letters have a ftrong operation,they have a kind of art-like embraces to mingle fouls, and make them meet,though millions of paces afunder •, by them we may converfe and know how it fares with each other as it were by entercours of fpirits. Therfore amongft your civil fpe- culations, I pray let your thoughts fometimes refleft on me (your abfent felfjand wrap thofe thoughts in Paper, and fo fend them me over;I promife you they (hall be very welcome,I fhall em¬ brace and hug them with my beft affeftions. Commend me to Tom Eowyer, and enjoyn him the like: I pray be no niggard in diftributing my love plentifully amongft our frends at the Innes of Court; Let Jacf Toldervy have my kind commends with this caveat, That the Tot which goes often to the water, comes home craclfd at lafl : therfore I hope he will be care¬ ful how he makes the Fleece in'Cornbill his thorow fare too often. So may my dear Daniel live happy, and love his From Amflerdam, April " ’ J. H. the iv. idip. m to Yol Familiar Letters: 10 VII. To my Father, from Amfterdam. SIR, I Am lately arrived in Holland in a good plight of health, and continueyet in this Town olAmjhrdam,d. Town I helieve,that therarefew her fellows, being from a mean Filhing Dorp, come in a fliort revolution of time, by a monftrous encreafe of Commerce and Navigation,to be one of the greateft Marts of Eu¬ rope: ’Tis admirable to fee what various forts of Buildings, and mew Fabrics, are now here ere&ing every where: not in houfes oneIy,but in whole flreets and Suburbs: fo that ’tis thought fhe will in a fliort rime double her proportion in bignefs. I am lodg’d in a French-mans houfe, who is one of the Deacons of our Englijh Browniscs Church here •, ’tis not far from the Syna- gog of Jews, who have free and open exercife of their Religion •here : I believe in this Street where I lodge,ther be well near as many Religionsas there be houfes for one Neighbour knowes not, nor cares not much what Religion the other is of,fo that the number of Conventicles exceeds the number of Churches here. And let this Countrey call it felf as long as it will the united Pro¬ vinces one way, I am perfwaded in this point, tlier’s no place fo Dijimited. The Dog and Rag Market is hard by, where every Sunday morning there is a kind of public Mart for thofe commodities, notwithftanding their precifeobfervance of the Sabbath. Upon Saturday laft I hapned to be in a Gentlemans company, who fliew’d me as I walk’d along in the Streets, a long-Bearded old few of the Tribe of Aaron, when the other Jews met him, they fell down, and kifs’d his Foot: This was that Rabbi, with whom our Countrey-man Broughton had fuch a difpute. This City, notwithftanding her huge Trade, is far inferior to London for populoufnefs; and this I infer out of their weeklybills of Mortality, which come not at moft but to fifty or therabout; whereas in London, the ordinary number is ’twixttwo and three hundred, one week with another: Nor are ther fuch Wealthy men in this Town as in London ; for by reafon of the generality of Commerce, the Banks, Adventures, the Common fnares and flocks which moft have in the Indian and other Companies, the Wealth doth diffufe it felf here in a ftrange kind of equality,not one of the Bourgers being exceeding rich, or exceeding poor: Infomuch, that I believe our four and twenty Aldermen, may buy a’hundred of the richeft men in Amfierdatn. It is a rare Voh. Familiar Letters . 12 tiling to meet with a Beggar here, as rare, as to fee a Horfe,they fay,upon the Streets of Venice, and this is held to be one of their befl peeces of Government for befides the ftriftnefs of their Laws againft Mendicants, they have Hofpitals of all forts for young and old, both for the relief of the one, and the employ¬ ment of the other; fothattheris no objeft here to exercife any ad of charity upon,They are here very neat, though not fo magnificent in their Buildings, fpecially in their Frontifpieces, and firft Rooms. and for cleanlincfs they may ferve for a pattern to all People. They will prefcntly drefs half a dozen Difhes of Meat, without any noife or (hew at all: for if one goes to the Kitchin, there willbe fcarce appearance of any thing, butafew covered Pots upon a Turf-fire, which is their prime fuel, after dinner they fall a fcowringofthofe pots,_ fo that the outfide will be as bright as the infide, and the Kitchin fuddenly fo clean, as if no meat had bin drolled there a month before : They have neither Well or Fountain, orany Spring of Frefh-water, in, or about all this City, but their Frefh-water is brought unto them by Boats; befides,thev hav e Ceflerns to receive the Rain-water, which they muff ufe: So that my Laundrelie bringing my Linnen to me one day, and I commending the Whitnefie of them, die anfwered, That they muft needs be White and Fair, for they were wafhed in Aqua CxlejHs, meaning fkie-water. ’Twcre cheap living here,were it not for the monftrous Acci- fes which are impos’d upon all forts of Commodities, both for Belly and Back •, for tlie Retailer payes the States almofl the one Moity as much as he payed for the Commodity at firft,nor doth any murmur at it, becaufe it goes not to any Favorit, or private Purfe, but to preferve them from the Spaniard, their common Enemy as they term hiur,fo that the faying is truly verified here, Defend me, and [pend me: With this Accife principally, they maintain all their Armies by Sea and Land,with their Garrifons' at home and abroad, both here, and in the Indies,mi defray all other public charges befides. llhall hence fhortly for France, and in my way take mod of the prime Towns of Holland and Z eland, fpecially Leyden (the Univerfity) where I fhallfojournLome dayes.So humbly craving a continuance of your Bleffing and Prayers, I reft May the t. v Tour dutiful Son, 1619, 12 Familiar Letters. Vol. i, VIII. To Dr. Tho. Prichard, at Jefus Colledge in Ox¬ ford ,from Leyden. SIR, I T is the Royal Prerogative of Love, not to be confined to that fmall Local compafs which circumfcribes the Body, but to qpkes his Sallies, and Progreftes abroad, to find out, and enjoy his defired objeft, under what Region foever: Nor is it the vaft Gulph'of Ne/>f«a,or any diffance of place,or difference of Clime, can Whim of this priviledge : I.never found the experiment hereof, fofenfibly: nor felt the comfort of it fo much, as fince I fhook hands with England: For though you be in Oxford , and I at Leyden, albeit you be upon an Ifland, and I now upon the Conti¬ nent,( though the loweft part of Enrepefyet thofe fwiftPoftillions my thoughts find you out daily, and bring you untome : L be¬ hold you often in my Chamber, and in my Bed; you eat, you drink, you fit dawn, and walk with me, and my fantafie enjoyes you ofteninmylleep, when all my fenles are lock’d up, and my loul wanders up and down the World, fometimes through plea- fant fields and Gardens, fometimes through odd uncouth places, over Mountains and broken confufed Buildings. As my love to you doth thus exercile his power,fo I defire yours to me may not be idle,but rows’d up fometimes to find me out,and fummon me to attend you in Jefus Colledge. I am now here in Leyden,the onely Academy befides Eranifer of all the united Provinces: Here are Nations of all forts, but the Germans fwarm more then any: To compare their Unherfity to yours, wer to cafl Herv-lnne in counterfcale with Cbrift-xlmrch Colledge, or the Alms Houfes on Tower-Hill to Stiltons Hofpitall. Here are no Colledges at ail God-wot(but one for the'Dutch ) nor farce the face of an Univerfity, onely there are general Schools where the Sciences are read by feveral Profelfors, but all the Students are Oppidanes : ,A fmall time and lefs learning, will Mice to make one a Graduate-, nor are thofe Formalities of Ha¬ bits, and other Decencies here,as with you,much lefs thofe ex¬ hibitions and fupportfor SchoIlers,with other encouragements; in fo much, that tne Oxonians and Cantabrigians - Bona ft fua norint, were they fcnfible of their own felicity,are the happi- eft Academianson earth: yet Apollo hath a ftrong influence here: and as .Cicero faid of them of Athens, Atbenis pingue cxlmjemk ingenk, The Athenians bad a thick Air,and Thin Wits ; fo I may (ayofthefe Lttgdmenfi'ans , they mveagreffeAyr, but thin fubtih pol. i. Familiar Letters. )rits,( fom of them) Witnefs elfe Heinfins, Grotitit, kminim and Liu dins ; of the two Iaft I was told a Tale,that krminim meeting Knit dins one day difguis’d with Drink(wherwith he would be of- •ien )he told him, TnBandi dedecoras no(lram kcademiam, &ttt Ikrmini noflrm Rtligionem. Thou Bandim difgraced our Univer¬ sity ; and thou krmininsom Religion, The Heaven here hath ■jalwayes fom C'.owd in his countenance ; and from this grofie- Jnefs and fpiflkude of Air proceeds the (low Nature of the Inha- Jbitants, yet this flownefs is recompenc’d with anotlier benefitjit gmakes. them patient and conftant, as in all other actions,fo in f their Studies and Speculations, though they ufe 'I - CrafJ'os tranfireDies, lucemquepaluflrem. a I pray impart my Love liberally amongd my Friends in Oxford, J ^and when you can make truce with your more ferious Meditati¬ ons,bellow a thought, drawn into a few Lines,upon Leyden, May the TowJ.H. 30.1619. ■ - ' ___ _ - g T0 Mr. Richard Altham, at his Chamber in 1 Grayes-Inne; Dear Sir, T Hough you be now a good way out of my reach, yet you are not out of my remembrance; you are dill within the Hori- Jjzon of my Love.Now the Horizon of Love islarge andfpacious, litis as boundlefs, as that of the imagination; and where the ima¬ gination rangeth, the memory is dill bufie toUfher in, and $ prefent the dedred objeft it fixeth upon: it is love that fets them I8 both on work,and may be faid to be the highed fphear whence hey receive their motion. Thus you appear unto me often in hefe Forren Travels,and that you may believe me the better,! end you thefe Lines as my Ambaffador ( and Ambafladors mud lot lie ) to inform you accordingly, and fo falute you.. I defire toknow how you like Ploy den ; I heard it often faid, That ther is no dudy requires patience'and condancy more then :he Common-Law,for it isa goodvvhile before one comes to any. mown perfection in it,land confequently to any gainful praftife. rhisfl think)made Jac^Chaundler throw away his Littleton.like lim that when he could not catch the Hare, faid, A pox upon btrfhe Mis bat dry tough meat,let hergo:It is not fo with you;for I know you pare of that difpofition, that when you mind a thing, nothing wean frighten you in making condantpurfuit after it, till you Ihaye obtained it : For if the Mathematics with their Crab- 14 Familiar Letters. Vol. i. bcdnefs and intricacy, could not deter you, but that you waded through the very mtdft of them, and arriv’d to fo excellent a perfeftiou •, I believe it is not in the power of Ployden,to Daftar- dize or Cowe your Spirits, untill you have overcom him,at lead- wife have fo much of him as will ferve your turn. I know you were always a quick and prefting Difputant in Logic and Pbilo fi¬ fty, which makes me think your Genius is fit for Law, (as die ' Baron your excellent Father was) for a good Logitian makes al¬ ways a good Lawyer : and hereby one may give a ftrong con- jeaure of theaptnefs or ineptitude of ones capacity to that ftu- dy and profeflion •, and you know as well as I,that Logitians who went under the name of Sopbifters, were the tuft Laywers that ever were. • I ftiall be upon incertain removes hence,until I come to Rouen , in France, and ther I mean to caft Anchor a good while; 1 (hall expeft your Letters ther with impatience, I pray prefent my Service to Sir Jam Altbam, and to my good Lady, your Mother, with the reft to whom it is due in Bijhops-gate-(lreet, and elfc- where: So I am Tours in the be[l degree of Fund).)ip, Hague, 30 of May, 161$. _‘_ J. H. To Sir James Crofts: from the Hague. S 1 R, T H F, fame obfervance that a Father may challenge of his child, the like you may claim of me, in regard of the extra-' ordinary care you have been pleas’d to have always, fince I had the happinefs to know you, of the courfe of my Fortunes. I am now newly come to the Hague, the Court of the fix (and almoft feven) toy/Wafsd Provinces ■, theCouncel of State with the Prince of Orange,mokes his firm Refidence here,unlefte he b* upon a march,and in motion for fome defign abroad.This Prince CMaurice) was caft in a mould fuitable to the temper of this peo¬ ple.: he is flow and full of warine, and not without a mixture of fear, I do not mean pufillanimous, but politic fear: he is the moft conftantin the quotidian courfe and carriage of his life, of any that I have ever heard or read of ■, for whofover knows the cuftoms of the Prince of Orange, may tell what he is a doing here every hour of the day,though he be in Con(tantinople.ln the mor- nitw’hc awaketh about fix in Summer, andfeven in Winter; the feltthing he doth, he fends one of his Grooms or Pages,to fee- 15 Familiar Letters. Vol. i. how the winds fits,and he wears or.leaves off his Wa fcot accor¬ dingly, then he is about an hour drelfing himfelf, and about a quarter of an hour in his Clofet,then comes in the Secretary,and if he hath any privator public Letters to write, or any other dif- patches to make he doth it before he ftirs from his Chamber,then comes he abroad, and goes to his Stable if it be no Sermon-day, to fee fome of his Gentlemen orPages ( of whofe breeding he is very carfulf ride the great HorfeiHe is very acceflible to any that hath bufinefs with him,and fheweth a winning kind of familiari¬ ty, for he will fhake hands with the meaneft Boor of the Coun¬ trey, andhefeldom hears any Commander or Gendeman widi his Hat on:he dines punctually about twelve,and his Tableisfree for allcomers, but none under the degree of a Captain bfeth to fit down at it: after dinner he ftayes in the Room a good while, and then any one may accoft him, and tell his tale; then he re¬ tires to his Chamber, wherhe qnfwers all Petitions that wer de¬ livered him in the Morning, and toward the Evening, if he goes not to Counccl, which is feldom ; he goes either to make font vifits, or to take the Air abroad, and according to this conftant method he paffeth his life. There are great ftirs like to arife ’twist the Bohemians, and the elefted King die Emperour, and they are com already to that height,that they confulc of depofing liim, and to chufe fome Proteftant Prince to be their King, fome talk of the Duke of Saxony, others of the Palfegrave , Ibelieve the States here,would rather be for the latter, in regard of conformity of Religion, the other being a Lutheran. I could not find in Amflerdam zhxgz Ortelius in French, to fend you,but from Antwerp l will not fail to ferveyou. So wifliing you all happinefs and health,and that the Sun may make many progreffes more through the Zodiac, before thofe comely gray hairs of yours go to the grave, I reft Tour very bumble Servant, June iSip. J. H. XL To Captain Francis Bacon, at the GLtjJ'c-bonfe 2«Broadftreet. SIR, M Y laft to you. was from Amjlerdam, ft nee which time,I have travers’d the prime parts of the united Provinces, and I am now in Zealand, being newly come to this Town of Middliborongb , which is much creft-laln fimec the Staple of English 1 6 Familiar Letters. . VoL Engls(h Cloth was removed hence, as is V l tilting alfo her next Neighbor,fince the departure of the Englijh Garrifon:A good in¬ telligent Gentleman told me the manner how El tilling & the Brill, our two Cautionary towns here wer redeem’d, which was thus: The nine hundred and odd Souldiers at Flathing and the Ramma- kins hard by,being many weeks without their pay,they borrow’d divers fums of Money of the States of this Town,who finding no hopes of fupply from England, advice was lent to the St.itis Ge¬ neral at the Hagu % they confulting with Sir Ralph ivimvood our Ambaffador (who was a favorable Inflrument unto them in this bufinefs,asalfo in the match with the PalfgraveJCent Inftruclions to theLord Canon,to acquaint the Earl of Snffoll >(then LordTrea- furer) herewith ; and in cafe they could find no fatisfaftion tlier, to make hisaddrefs to die King himfelf, which Carom did, His Majefly being much incens’d, that his Subjects and Souldiers 'fhould ftarve for want of their pay in a forren Countrey fent for theLord Treafurer, who drawing his Majeflieafide, and telling how empty his Exchequer was,His Majefly told the Ambaffador, that if Ins Mailers, the States would pay the money they ow’d him upon thofe Towns, he would deliver them up ; the Am¬ baffador returning the next day, to know whether his Majefly S erfifted in the fame refolution, in regard that at his former au- ience, he perceived him to be a little tranfported, his Majefly anfwered, That he knew the States of Holland to be his good fiends and Confederates, both in point of Religion and Follicy; therfore he apprehended not the lead fear of any difference,that fhould fall out between them, in contemplation wherof, if they defir’dto have their Towns again, he would willingly furrender them: Hereupon the States made up the fum prefently, which came in convenient time, for it ferv’d to defray the expenceful progrefs he made to Scotland, the fummer following. \Vhen that Money was lent by Queen Elizabeth, it was Articled, that in- terelt fhould be payed upon Interefl and befides,that for every Gentleman who fhould lofc his life in the States fervice, they fhould make good five pounds to the Crown of England: All this his Majefly remitted, and only took the principal; and this was done in requital of that Princely entertainment, and great Prefents, which my Lady Elizabeth had received in divers of their Towns, asflie puls'd to Heydelberg.- The bearer hereof,is Sign. Antonio Miotti, who was Mailer of a Cryftal-Glafie Furnace here a long time, and as I have it by good intelligence,he is one of the ableft,and mofl knowing men, for the guidance ofa Ghilc-workin Chriflendom ; Therfore ac¬ cording to my Iabruptions I fend him over, and hope to have done' Fol. i. Familiar Letters 17 done Sir Robert good fervice thereby. So with my kind refpefts unto you, and my moft humble fervice where you know it is due, I reft %our affectionate Servant June the 6. idip. J-H. XII. To Sir James Crofts: Jmvrerf. SIR, I Prefume that my laft to you from the Hague came to fafe hand: I am now com to a more cheerfull countrey, and amongft a People fomewhat more vigorous and mettaTd, being not fo heavy as the Hollander, or homely, as they of Zealand. This goodly anci¬ ent city methinks looks like a difconfolat Widow, or rather fom fuperannuated Virgin, that hath loft her Lover, being almoft quite bereft of that flourilhing commerce, wherewith before the falling off the reft of the Provinces from Spin ,fhe abounded to the envy of all other Cities and Marts of Europe. Ther are few places this fide the Alps better built, and fo well Streeted as this, and none at all fo well girt with BaftionS and Ramparts, which in fom places are fo fpacious, that they ufually take the Air in coa¬ ches Upon the very wals,which are beautified with divers rows of Trees, and pleafant Walks. The Cittadel here, though it be an addition to the Statelinefs and ftrength of the Town, yetitferves as a Ihrew’d curb unto her, which makes her chomp upon the Bit, and Foam fomctiines with anger, but fhe cannot help it.The Tumults in Bohemia now grow hotter and hotter, they write how the great councell at Prague fell to fuch a hurliburly, that fom • of thofe Senators who adher’d to the Emperour, were thrown out at the windows, where fom were maim’d fom broak their Necks. I am fhortly to bid a farewell to the Netherland, and to bend my cours for France, where I (hall be moft ready to entertain any commands of your. So may all health and happinefs, attend you according to the wifties of July 5. 161$. 'Mr obliged Servant, J-H-__ XIII. T9 hr. THo. Richard at Oxford, from Rouen. I Have now taken firm footing in, France, and though France be one of the chiefeft climacs of complement, yet lean ufe none B t« 18 Familiar Letters. Vot. I. towards you, but tel! you in plain down right Language, That 3 n the Lift of thole friends I left behind me in England , you are one of the prime rank, onewhofe name I have mark’d with the whited Stone : If you have gain’d l'uch a place amongft the choi- ccft frends of mine, I hope you will put me fomewher amongft yours, though I but fetch up the rear, being contented to be the infima [films, the loweft in the predicament of your frends. I (ball lojorn a good while m this City of Rouen, therefore I pray make me happy with the comfort of your Letters, which I frail expe&'with a’longing impatience ; I pray fend me ample advertifements of your welfare, and the reft of our frends, as well on the Banks of ifis, as amongft the the Rritifts Mountains. I am but a frelh man yet in Trance, therfore I can fend you no news, but that all is here quiet, and’to no ordinary news, that the Trench (honld be quiet: But fome think this calm will not laft long, for the Queen Mother ("late Regent) is discontented being reftrain’d from coming to the Court, or to die City of Paris, and the Tragical death of her Favourit, ("and Fofter-Brother) the late Marquis of Ancrv, lieth yet in her ftomach undifgefted: She hath the Duke of Efpernon, and divers other potent Princes, that would be ftrongly, at her devotion fas’tis thought; if file would ftir. I pray prefent my fervice to Sir Eubule Theloall, and fend me word with what pace, fefus Colledg new Walls go up : f will borrow my conclufion to you at this time of my Countrey- man Omen. Uno non poftitm quantum te diligo verfu Dicere, fi fatis eft diftichan,ecce duos.' . J cannot in one Fas my love declare, if two mill fine the turn, lo here they are. Whereunto I will add this ftrname Anagram. Tours whole Aug. 6. idip. J.Howel. XIV. To Dan. Caldwall Efq.from Rouen. M Y dear Dud. when I camefirft to this Town, amongft other objefts of contentment which I found here, whereof ther are variety, a Letter of yours was brought me, and ’twas a she- Letter, for two more were enwomb’d' in her body, ihe had an eafie and quick deliverance of that Twin •, but befides them, fhe was big and pregnant of divers fweet pledges, and lively eviden¬ ces of your own love towards me, whereof lamas fond as any Mother Vol. i. Familiar Letters. ip Mother can be of her child: I Ml endeavour to cherifh and fofler this dear love of yours, with all the tendernes that can be, and warm it at the fuel of my belt affections, to make it grow every day Wronger and ftrongcr, untill it comes to the ftate of perfection, becaule I know it is a true and real, it is no fpurious or adulterated love; If I intend to be fo indulgent and careful of yours I hope you will not fuller mine to ftarve with you; my love to you needs not much tending, for it is a Iufty fbong love, and will not eafily mifcarry. I pray when you waite next, to fend me a dozen pair of the belt white Kidskin Gloves, the Royal Exchange can afford ;asalfo two pair of the pureft white worfted Stockins you can get of Women lize, together with half a dozen pair of Knifs. I pray fend your man with them to Nacandary the French. Poll upon Town-hill ; who will bring them me fafely. When I go to Paris, I Ml fend you fom curiofities, equivalent to thefe; I have here inclos’d return’d an anfwer to thole two that came in yours, I pray fee them fafely delivered. My kind refpeCts to your Brother Ser¬ geant at Court, to all at Jsatterfay , or any whe’r elfe, wher you think my .Commendations may be well plac’d. No more at this time, but that I commend you to the never failing Providence of God,defiring you to go on in nouri/hing ftill between us, that love, which for my part. No Traverfes ^Chance, of Time, of Fate Shall e're extinguish till our lives lajldate ? But as the Vine her lovely Elm doth wire, Grafp both our Heart , and flame with fie'h deflre. Roam, Aug. Tours J. H. 13. i6ip. XV. To my lather, from Rouen. S I R, Y Ours of die third of Aug:t% came to fafe hand in an enclos’d from my Brother; you may make eafie conjefture how wel¬ come it was unto me, and to what a height of comfort,it rais’d my fpirits, in regard it was the firft I received from you, fincel eras’d the Seas, I humbly thank you for the blelling you fent a- long with it. Iam now upon the fair Continent of France, One of Natures, choifed Malkr-peeces; one of ceres cheifeft Barns of Corn; one B 2 of ’20 Familiar Letter*. Vol.T. of Bacchus prime Wine-Cellars, and of Neptune's bed Salt-pits; a compleat felf-fufficient Countrey, wher there is rather a fuper- fluity, then defeft of any thing, either for ncceflity or pleafure, did the policy of the Countrey cornfpond with the bounty of Nature, in the equal diftribution of the wealth among the inhabitants •, for I think there is not upon the Earth,a richer Countrey, and poor¬ er people. ’Tis true, England hath a good repute abroad for her fertility, yet be our Harvefts never fo kindly, and our Crops ne¬ ver fo plentiful, we have every year commonly feme Grain from thence, or from Dantyc, and other places imported by the Mer¬ chant : Beftdes, ther be many more Heaths, Commons, Bleak- barren-Hills, and waft Grounds in England, by many degrees, then I find here; and I am forry our Countrey of wales, Ihonld give more inftances hereof, then any other part. This Province of Normandy, once an Appendix of the Crown of England, though it want Wine, yet it ycelds the King as much defmeans as any one of the reft : the lower Norman hath Syder for his common drink; and I vifibly obferv’d that they are more plump and replet in their bodies, and of a clearer complexion then thofe that drink altogether Wine. In this great City of Rouen ther be many Monuments of the Engl if) Nation yet extant. In the outfide of the higheft Steeple of the great Church there is the word of GOD engraven in huge Golden charafters, every one almoft as long as my felf to make them the more vifible. In this Steeple hangs alfo the greatefl Bell of chriftendom, call’d d' Am- koife, for it weighs neer upon forty thoufaad pound weight. Ther is alfo here Saint Otir, the greateft San&uary in the city’, founded by one of our compatriots, as the name imports : This Province is alfo fubjeft to wardjhips, and no other part of France befides: but whether the conqueror tranfported that Law to England from hence, or whether hefent it over from England hi¬ ther, I cannot refolve you. There is a marvailous quick trade beaten in this Towu, becaufe of the great Navigable River Sc- quant (the Seine ) that runs hence to Paris,, whereon ther ftandsa Ilrange Bridge that ebbs, and Hows, that rifeth and falls with die River, it being made of Eoats, whereon coachs, and carts may paite over as well as men : Eefides, this is the neareft Mercantil city that Hands ’twixt Paris and the Sea. My laft unto you was from the Lorr-countreys, where I was in motion to and fro above four months ; but I fear it mifcarried in regard you make no mention of it in yours. I begin more and more to have a fenfe of the fweetnefie, and advantage of forrcn Travel : I pray when you come to London, to find a time to vifit Sir Robert, and acknowledge his great fa¬ vour! foU I. Familiar Letters. 2 f vours unto me, and defire a continuance thereof, according as I fhall endeavour to deferve them. So with my due and daily Prayers for your health, and a fpeedy fucceffeful ailue of all yopr Law-bufinelTcs, I humbly crave your bleffing, and refi, Tour dutiful Son, Septimb. the 7.1619. J. H. XVI. T 0 Ca\t . Francis Bacon from Paris. sir, a I Received two of yours in Rouen with the Bills of Exchange, ther inclos’d, and according to your directions I fent you rhofe things which yon wrote for. _ I am now newly com to Paris, this huge Magazin of men.the Epitome of this large populous Kingdom, and rendcvouz of all Forrcnors. The ftruftures here are indifferently fair though the Streets generally foul all the four Seafons of the year, which I impute firft to the Pofition of the City being built upon an Ifle (tfie Ifie of France, made fo by the branching and ferpentin cours of the River of Stine) and having fom of her Suburbs feated high, the filth runs down the Channel, and fettles in many places within the body of the City, which lieth upon a flat; as alfo for a world of Coaches, Carts, and Horfes of all lorts that go to and fro perpetually, fo that fometimes one fhall meet with a flop half a mile long of thofe Coaches, Carts, and Horfes, that can move neither forward nor backward by reafon of fome fudden encoun¬ ter of others coming a croffe-way, fo that often times it will be an hour or two before they can dif-intangle: In fuch a flop the great Henry was fo fatally flain by Rivillac. Hence comes it to paffe, that this Town (for Paris is a Torn/, a City, and an Waiver- , fity) is always dirty, and ’tis fuch a dirt, that by perpetual mo¬ tion is beaten into fuch a thick black unftious Oyle, that wher it flicks, no art can wafhitoffof fome colours, infomuch, that it may be no improper comparifon to fay. That an ill name is like the cm (the dirt,) of Paris, which is indelible; befides the flain tliis dirt leaves,it gives alfo fo flrong a fcent, that it may be finelt many miles off, if the wind be in ones face as he comes from the frefh Air of the Countrey: This may be one caufe why the Plague ' is always in fom corner or other of this vafl City, whiclv may be call’d as once Scythia was Vagina popularity/, or (as mankind was call’d by a great Philofopher) a great Mole-hill of Ants : Yet I believe this City is not fo populous as file teems to be, for her 22 Familiar Letters. Vol. 1 . form being round (ns the whole Kingdom is) the Paflengcrs wheel •about, and meet oftner then they ufe to do in the long continu¬ ed Streets of London, which makes London appear lelie populous then (lie is indeed; fo that London for length (though not tor lati¬ tude) including mlhninjer, exceeds P^m, and hath in Michael¬ mas Term more fouls moving within her in all places. ’Tis un¬ der one hundred years that Paris is becom fo fumptuous, and ftrong in Buildings ; for her houfes were mean, untill a Myne of White Stone was difeover’d hard by, which runs in a continued Vein of Earth, and is digg’dout with eafe being fofr, and is be- tweenaWhite Clay and Chalk at firfi, but being pullied up, with the open Air it rccieves a Crufty kind bf hardnefie, andfo be¬ comes perfeft Free Prone; and before it is fent up fro n the Pit, they can reduce it to any form : Of this Stone, the Louvre, the Kings Palace is built, which is a vafl Fabric,for the Gallery wants not much of an Italian mile in length, and will eafily lodge 3000 men, which fome told me, was the end for which the laft King made it fo big,that lying at the fag-end of this great mutinous City; if fhe perchance fhould rife, the King might powre out of the Louvre fo many thoufand men unawares into the heart of her. I am lodg’d here hard by the BailiHe, becaufe it is fur theft off from thofe places where the Engli h refort; for I would go on to get a little Language as foon as I could. In my next, I lliall im¬ part unto you what State-news France affords, in the interim, and always lam ' Your bumble fervam , Paris the 30.0/ Ma rch,J A20. J. H. __ To Richard Altham Efquirej from Paris. Dear Sir, T Ove is the marrow of frendfliip, and Letters are the Elixir of I , Love; they are the beft fuel ofaffeftion, and caff a fweeter odour than any Frankinctnfe can do; fuch an odour , fuch an Aro¬ matic perfume your late Letter brought with it, proceeding from the fragrancy of thofe dainty Flowers of Eloquence, which I found bloffoming as it were m every Line; I mean thofe fweet expreffionsof Love and Wit, which in every period were inter¬ mingled with fo much Art, that they feem’d to contend for maftery which was the ftrongeff : I muftconfefs, that you put me to hard fhifts to correspond with you in fuch exquifit ftrains and raptures of Love., which were fo lively, that I muff needs judg them to proceed from the motions, from the Diajtole and Syjlole Vol.i. Familiar Letters. 23 of a Heart truly affefted 5 certainly your Heart did diftat every fyllable you writ, and guided your hand all along : Sir, give me leave to tell you, that not a dram, nor a doze, not afcruple of this precious lo-Ji of yours is loft, but isfafely treafur’d up in mybreft, and anfwer’d in like proportion to the full, mine to you is as cor¬ dial, ic is palfionate and perfect, as love can be. I thank you for the defire you have to knowhow it fares with me abroad; I tlunk God I am perfectly well,and well contented with this wandering conrs of life a while , I never enjoyed my health better, but I was like to endanger it two nights ago 5 fer being in fome jovial company abroad, and coming late to our lodging, we were fuddenly furprized by a crue of Filoiis of night Rogues, who drew upon us,and as we had exchang’d fom blows, it pleas’d God the Cbevalieur ch Gnet, an Officer, who goes up and down the Streets all night onhorfeback to prevent dilorders, pafs’d by, and fo refeued us; but Jac\_ 7 hit! was hurt, and I had two thrufts in my Cloak, Ther’s never a night paffeth, but fome robbing or murther is committed in this Town, lb that it is not fafe to go late any where, fpecially about the Vont-Hatt, the New Bridge, though Henry the Great himfelf lies Ccntinel there in Arms, upon a huge Florentine horfc, and fits bare to every one that pai'eth, an improper pofture methinks to aKingonhorfer hack : not long fince, one of the Secretaries of Statc(\vhercof rlier are liere aiwayes four) having bin invited to the Suburbs of Saint Germains to Supper, left order with one of his Laquays, to bring him his horfc about nine, it fo happened, that a mifchance befell the horfe, which lam’d him as he went a warning to the Seine', infomuch that the Secretary was put to beat the hoof himfelf, and Foot it home •, but as he was palling the Vont-Htnf with his Laquay carryiug a Torch before him, he might o’re-hear a noife of clafhing of Swords, and Fighting, and looking under the Torch, and perceiving they were but two, he bad his Laquay go on; they had not made many paces, but two armed men with their Fillols cock’d, and fwords drawn, made puffing towards them, wherof one had a paper in his hand, which he (aid, he bad caftally took' up in the fireets, and the difference between them was about that Paper: therefore tiicy delir’d the Secretary to read it, with a great deal of Complement, the Secretary took out his fpeftacles, aiid fella reading of the faid Paper, whereof the fubftance was, That it Jlmld he fymvn to all men, that whofoever did pafs over that Bridie after nine a Clodat in ivinttr, and ten in Summer, was to leave his cloalf behind him, and in caje of no cloahis Hat. The Secretary darting at this, one of the Camerades told him, That he drought that Paper concern’d him ; fo they unmantled him 24 Familiar Letters. Vol. i, of anew plufh Cloak, and my Secretary was content to go home .quietly, and en Ciierpo. This makes me think often, of the excel¬ lent Nofturnal Government of our City of London, wher one may pdfle and repafte fecurely all hours of the night, if he give good words to the Watch. Ther is a gentle calm of Peace now throughout all F ranee, and the King intends to make a progreffe to all the Frontier Towns of the Kingdom, to fee how they are fortified. The Favorite Lukes flrengthneth himfelf more and more in his minionfhip, but he is much murmured at in regard the accede of Suiters to him are fo difficult, which made a Lord of this Land fay, That three of the hardefl things in the world were, To quadrat a Circle, to find out the Philofopbers fione, and to fpeal^mtb the Dufy o/Luines. I have fent you by Vacandary the Poft, the French Bever and Tweefes you writ for: Bever-hats are grown dearer of late, be- caufe the Jefuites have got the Monopoly of them from the King. Farewel dear child of Vertue and Minion of the Mufes, and continue to love Your J. H. Paris i. of May, 1620. ___ ■ - To Sir James Crofts; from Paris. SIR, I Am to fet forward this week for Spain, mi if I can find no commodity of imbarcation at Saint MaJs, I muff be forc’d to journey it all the way by Land, and clammer up the huge Py- arency-hills, but I could not bid Paris adieu, till I had conveyed my true and conflantrefpefts to you by this Letter. I was yefter- day to wait upon Sir Herbert croft at Saint Germains, where I met with a French Gentleman, who amongft other curiofities, which !he pleafed to fliew me up and down Paris, brought me to that • place where the late King was flam, and to that wher the Mar¬ quis of Ancre was fhot, and fo made me a punftual relation of all the circumflances of thofe two afts, which in regard they were rare, and I believe two of the notablefl Accidents that ever hap¬ pen’d in France, I thought it worth the labor to make you parta¬ ker of fome part of his cufcours. France as all Chriftendom befides (Tor ther was then a truce ''twixt Spain and the Hollander) was in a profound Peace, and had continued fo twenty years together, when Henry the Fourth fell upon fome great Martial defign, the bottom whereof is not known to this day 5 and being rich (Tor he had heap'd up in the fol i. Familiar Lettert. 25 Baflile a mount of Gold that was as high as a LanceJ he levied a huge Army of 40000 men, whence came the Song, Tbs Tdjng of France with Forty thoufand men •, and upon a fuddcn he put this Army in perfeft equippage, and feme fay he invited our Prince Henry to come unto him to be a fharer in his exploits ; But going one afternoon to the Basils, to fee his Trefure and Ammunition, his Coach flopp’d fuddenly, by reafon of fome Colliers and other Carts that were in that narrow flreet; whereupdn one Ravillac alay-Jefuit (who had a whole twelve month watch’d an oppor¬ tunity to do the aft ) put his foot boldly upon one of the wheels of the Coach, and with a long Kpife flretch’d himfelfover their fhculders who were in the Boot of the Coach, and reach’d the King at the end, and flab’d him right in the left fide to the heart, and pulling out the fatal Steel, he doubled his thruft; the Kin g with a ruthful voice cryed out, 'jefuis bleffe (l am hurt) and fuddenly the blood iiTued at his mouth : The Regicide villain was apprehended, and command given, that no violence fhould be offered him, that he might be referv’d for the Law, andfom exquifit torture. The Queen grew half diRrafted hereupon, who had been crown’d Queen of France the day before in great triumph; but a few dayes after fhe had fomething to countervail, if not to overmatch her farrow •, for according to Saint Lewis law, fhe was made Queen Regent of France during the Kings Mino¬ rity, who was then but about years of Age. Many confultations were held how to punifh Ravillac, and there were fome Italian Phyficians that undertook to preferibe a torment, that fhould Iaft a conflant torment for three dayes, but hefcap’donely with this, His body was pull’d between four horfes, that one might hear his Bones crack, and after.the diflocation, they were fet again, andfo he was carried in a Cart Handing half naked, with a Torch in that hand which had committed the murther-, and in the place where the aft was done, it was cut off, and a Gauntlet of hot Oyl was clap’d upon the flump, to Ranch the blood, whereat he gave a doleful fhrike, then was he brought upon a flagc,wher a new pair of Boots was provided for him, half fill’d, with boyling Oy! then his body was pincer’d, and hot Oyl pour’d into the holes; in all the extremity of this torture, he fcarce Chew’d any fenfe of pain, but when the Gauntlet was clap’d upon his Arms to Ranch the Flux,at which time he of reaking bloud, gave a fhrike onely; He bore up againft all thefe torments about three hours before he dyed: all the confeffm that could be drawn from him, was, That be thought be bad done God good fenice , to taty away that Kjng, which would have embroil'd all chnTtendom in an endlejfe war. _ ■ A fatal thing it was, that France fhould have three of her Kings com 26 Familiar Letters. Vol. i„ com tofuch violent deaths, in fo fhort a revolution of time. Hem'S the fecond running at Tilt with Monfieur Montgomery, was kill’d by a Splinter of a Lance that pierc’d his eye : Henry the third, not long after,was kill’d bya young Fryer, who in lieu of a Letter which he pretended to have for him, pull’d out of his long fleeve a Knife, and thruft him into the Bottom of the belly, as he was coming from his Clofe-ftool, and fo difpatcht him; but that Regi¬ cide was hack’d to p_iecs in the place by the Nobles : The fame de/liny attended this King by Kavillac, which is becom now a common name of reproach and infamy in France. Never was King fo much lamented as this, ther area world not onely of his Piftures, but Statues up and down France,md there’s fcarce a Market-Town,but hath him erefted in the Market-place, or ore feme Gate, not upon Sign-ports, as our Henry the eight and by a publick Aft of Parliament which was confirmed in the Confiftory at Komi, he was entitled, Henry the Great,and fo plac’d in the Temple of Immortality. A notable Prince he was, and of an admirable temper of body and mind, he had a graceful faceti¬ ous way to gain both love and aw, he would be never tranfported beyond himfelfwith choler, but he would parte by anything with fome reparty, fomc witty drain, wherein he was excellent •, I will inrtance in a few which were told me from a good hand.One day he was charg’d by the Duke of Kovillon to have chang’d his Reli¬ gion, he anfwer’d, Ho cofin, I have chang'd no Religion, hut an Opi¬ nion ; And the Cardinal of Perron being by, he enjoyn’d him to write a Treatife for his Vindication, the Cardinal was long about the work, and when the King ask’d from time to time where his iw^wasjhe would ftill anfwer him, that he expected fome Mamt- feriptsfrom Rome before he could finijh it : It happen’d, that one day the King took the Cardinal along with him to look on his workmen, and new Buildings at the Louvre ; and palling by one corner which had bin a long time begun,but left unfinifhed. The King afk’d the chief Mafon why that corner was not all this while perfected? Sir it it becaufel want fome choice Stones-, no, no,faid the King, looking upon the Cardinal, It is becaufe thou wanted Manufcriptsfrom Rome.Another time, the old Duke of Main, who was ufed to play the drol with him, coming foftly into his Bed¬ chamber, and thrufting in his Bald-head, and Long-neck, in a po- flure to make the King merry, it happened the King was com¬ ing from doing his Eafe, and fpying him, he took the round Cover of the Clofe-llool, and clap’d it on his Bald-Sconce, faying, Ah Cmifinyou thought once to have tafyn the Crown off of my head, and wear it on your tmn j but this of my Tail fhall now fem your turn. Another Vol. i. Familiar tetters. 27 Another time, when at the fiege of Amiens, he having fent for the .Count of Soiffons (who-had 100000 Franks a yeer Penfion from the Crown)toa(fift him in thofe wars, and that the Count excufed himfelfby reafon of his years, and poverty, having exhaufted himfelf in the former wars, and all that he could do now, was to pray for his Majeftv, which he would do heartily: This anfwer be¬ ing brought to the King, he replied, will my Coiiftn the Count of .SoiPons do nothing clfe but pray for me, tell him that Prayer without Fa'ling, is not available ; therefore I will make my Coufin F aft alfo , fi-om his Penfion of iooooo per annum. He was once troubled with a fit of the Gout, and the Spanifh Ambahador coming then to vifithim, and faying he was-forry to fee his Majefly fo lame, he anfwered, As lame as I am, if ther were occafrn, your Mailer the King of Spain, fhould nofooner have bis foot in the lump, but he (hould find me on Horfebac (. By thefe few you may gueffe at the genius of this fpritfull Prince, I could make many more inflances, but then I fhould ex¬ ceed the bounds of a Letter,when I am in Spain you (hall hear fur¬ ther from me, and if you can think on any thing wherein I may ferve you, beleeve it Sir, that any imployment from you, fhallbe welcom to Tour much obliged fervant. Tariff 12. of May 1620. _ J- H. XIX. To my Brother Dr. Howel. BROTHER, B Eing to morrow to part withPaw, and begin my journey for Spain, I thought it not amifle to fend you this, in regard I know not when I fhall have opportunity to write unto you again. This Kingdom fincethe young King hath taken the Scepter in¬ to his own hands doth flourifli very much with quietnefs and Com¬ merce ; nor is there any motion or the leaf! tintamar of trou¬ ble in any part of the Countrey, which is rare in France. ’Tis true, the Queen Mother is difcontented fince fhe left her Regency, being confin’d, and I know not what it may com unto in time for fhe hath a ftrong party, and the murthering of her Marquis of An¬ ew will yet bleed as fom fear. I was lately in focietie of a Gentleman, who was a Spectator of thatTragcdie, and he pleas’d to relate unto me the particulars of it, which was thus : when Henry the fourth was flain, the Queen 28 Familiar Letters. Vol i. <3ucen Dowager took, the Reins of the Government into her hands during thee young Kings Minority ; and amongfl others whom (he advanc’d, Sigmor Conchino, a Florentin, and her Fofter- Brother was one -, Her countenance came to fhine fo ftrongly up¬ on him, that he became her only confident and favorit, in- fomuch, that (he made him Marquis of Ancrt, one of the twelve Marfhals of France, Governour of Normandy, and conferred dir vers other Honours, and Offices of trull upon him, and who but he: The Princes of France could not endure this domineering of a ltranger, therefore they leagu’d together, to fuppreiie him by Arms; The ^ueen Regent having intelligence hereof, fur- prized the Prince of Conde, and clap’dhim up in the Baftile ; the Duke of Main fled hereupon to Peronne in Picardy, and other great men put themlelves tn an armed poflure, to (land upon their guard: The young King being told, that the Marquis of Ancre was the ground of this difcontentment, commanded Mon- ficur de Vitry, Captain of his Guard, toarrefthim, and in cafe of refiftance, to kill him: Thisbufinefs was carried very clofely till the next morning, that the faid Marquis was coming to the Lome with a ruffling Train of Gallants after him, and palling over the Draw-bridge at the Court-Gate. Vitry (food there with the Kings Guard about him, and as the Marquis entred, he told him, that he had a Commilfion from the King to apprehend him; therefore he demanded his Sword: the Marquis hereupon put his hand upon his fword; fome thought toyeeld it up, other to make oppofition; in the mean time Vitry difeharged a Piltoll at him, and fo difpatch’d him : The King being above in his Gal¬ lery, afk’d what noife that was below, one fmilingly anfwered, nothing, Sir; but that the MarlMl of Ancre is (lain; who flew him? The Captain of your Guard: why? Becaufe he would have drawn his Sword at Your Majellies Royal Commilfion: then the King replied, Vitry bath done mil, and I mil maintain the act : Prefentlythe 4 Jueen Mother had all her Guard , taken from her, exceptfix Men, and fixte'en Women, and fo (he wasbanifhed Pa¬ ris, and commanded to retire to Rlois: Antre's Body was buried that night in a Church hard by the Court, but the next morning, when the Laquays and Pages (who are more unhappy here then the Apprentifes in London) broke up his Grave, tore his Coffin to peeces, rip’d the winding-Shect, and tied his Body to an AiTes Tail, and fo dragg’d him up and down the Gutters of Paris, whichare none of the fweetefl; they then flic’d off his Ears,and tail’d them upon the Gates of the City, they cut off his Genito- ries fand they fay he was hung like an Avfe) and fent them fora prefenttothe Duke the Main, the reft of his Body, they carried to Vol. i. Familiar Letters. 29 to the New-Bridge, and hung him his Heels upwards, and Head downwards upon a new Gibbet, that had bin fet up a little before topunifh them who fhould fpeak ill of the prefent Government, and it was his chance to have the Maiden-head of it himfelf: His Wife was hereupon apprehended, imprifoned, and beheaded for a Witch fome few dayes after upon a furmife, that (he had enchan¬ ted the 4 >ueen to dote fo upon her Hufband; and they fay the young Kings Pifture was found in her Clofetin Virgin-Wax., with one Leg melted away •, a little after a procefie was formed againft the Marquis (her Hufband} and fo he was condemn'd, after death. This was a right aft of a French popular fury, which like an angry torrent is irrefiftible ■, nor can any Banks, Boundaries, or Dikes, flop the impetuous rage of it. How the young King will profper after fo high, and an unexampled aft of violence, by be ginning his Reign.andembruing the Walls of his own Court with bloodin that manner, ther are divers cenfures. When I am fetded in Spain ,you (hall hear from me, in the inte¬ rim, I pray let your Prayers accompany me in this long journey, and when you write to wales, I pray acquaint our frends with my welfare. So I pray God blelfc us both; and fend us a happy cnterview. Tour loving Brother , Paris, 8. Septemb. 1620. J. H. __ ■ - To my COHfn W. Vaughan Efa from Saint Malo. Conjin, I Am now in French Britany, I went back from Fan’s to Roam andfo through all low Normandy, to a little Port calfd'Givw- ville ,where I embark’d for this Town of Saint Malo, but I did purge fo violently at Sea, that it pat me into a Burning Feaver for fom few dayes, whereof (I thank God) I am newly recovered, and finding no opportunity of (hipping here, I mult be forc’d to turn my intended Sea-voyage to a long Land-journey. Since 1 came to this Province, I was curious to converfe with fome of the lower Bretons who fpeak no other Language but onr Wel(h, for their radical words are no other; but ’tls no wonder, for they were a Colony of welfb at firfl, as the name of this Pro¬ vince doth imply, as alfothe Latin name Armorica , which though it paffc for Latin, yet it is but pure welfh, and fignifics a Coun¬ try bordering upon the Sea, as that Arch heretick w as call’d Vela- gm, a Felago, his name being Morgan. I was a little curious to perufe go Familiar Letters , ' Vol. i. perufe the Annals-of this Province, and during the time that it was a Kingdom, there wer four Kings of the name Hoill, wherof one was called Hoill the Great. This Town of Saint Milo hath one rariety in it,for tlicr is here a perpetual Garrifon of Engli’h, hut they are of Engle;}} Dogs, which are let out in the night to guard the (hips, and eat theCar- ren up and down the ftreets, and fo they are (hut up again in the morning. It will be now a good while before I (hall have convenicncy to ; fend to you, or receive from you; howfoever, let me retain (till fome little room in your memory, andfometimes in your medita¬ tions, while I carry you about me perpetually, not only in my head, but in heart, and make you travel all along with me thus from Town to Countrev, from Hill to Dale, from Sea to Land, up and down the World; and you mull be contented to be fub- jeft to thefe incertain removes and perambulations, until it (hall pleafe God to fix me again in England: nor need you, while you are thus my concomitant through new places evry day, to fear any ill ufage, as long as I fare well. St. Malo, 25 of Sept. ■ Tours yj fares >y x] fares ■1620. ' j. H. XXI. To Sir John North Knight ; from Rochel. SIR, I Am newly com to Rochel, nor am I forry that I wentfomewhat out of my way to fee this Town, not (to tell you true) out of any extraordinary love I bear to the peeple; for I do not find them fo gentle and debonnair to (hungers, nor fo Hofpitableas the reft of France, but I excufe them for it, in regard it is com¬ monly fo with all Republick and Hans Towns, wherof this fmells very rank; nor indeed hath any Englijhman much caufe to love this Town, in regard in Agespafs’d, (he played the moft treche- rous part with England ofany other place in France. For the Story tells us, That this Town having by a perfidious ftratagem (by forging a counterfeit Commilfion from England ) induc’d the English Governour to make a general Mufter of all his Forces out of the Town; this being one day done, they (hut their Gates againft him, and made him go (hake his ears, and to (hiftfor his lodging, and fo rendred themfelves to the French King, who fent them a blank to write their own conditions. I think they have the ftrongeft Ramparts by Sea of any place of ebriftendom, nor . have Volt. Familiar Letters. §s have I feen the like in any Town of Holland, whofe fafety de¬ pends upon Water. I am bound to morrow for mrdeanx, then through Gafcogny to Tbolonfe, fo through Languidoc ore the Hills to Spain ; I go in the bed feafon of the year, for I make an Au¬ tumnal journey of it. I pray let your Prayers accompany me all along,they are the bed Officers of Love,and Fruits of Friendfhip: So God profper you at home, as me abroad, and fend us in good time a joyful conjuncture. RoM. 8. of OCtobcr, 1620. Tours, J.H. XXII. To Mr. Tho. Porter, after Capt. Porter from Barcelone. M Y dear Tom, I had no fooner fet foot upon this Soyl, and breath’d Spanifhuyr, but my thoughts prefently refiefted Upon you: Of all my trends in England, you were the fird I met here, you were the prime objeft of my fpeculation, me thought the very Winds in gentle whifpers did breath out your name,and blow it on me 5 you feem’d to reverberat upon me with the Beams of the Sun, which you know hath fuch a powerful! in¬ fluence, and indeed too great a droke in this Countrey: And all this you mud aferibe to the operations of Love, winch hath fuch a drong virtual force; that when it fadneth upon a pleading fubjeCt, it fets the imagination in a drange fit of working, it imployes all the faculties of the Soul, fo that not one Cell in the Brain is idle, it bufieththe whole inward man. it affeftsthe Heart, arr.ufeth the underdanding, it quickneth the fancy, and leads the will as it were by a filken thred to cooperat with them all: Ihavefeltthefe motions often in me, fpecially at this time, that my memory fixed upon you: But the reafon that I fell fird upon you in Spain, was, that I remembred I had heard you often difcourfing how you have received part of your education here, which brought you to fpeak the Language fo exaitly well: I think often of the Relations I have heard you make of this Coun¬ trey, and the good indraftions you. pleas’d to give me. I am now in Barcelona-, but the next week I intend to goon through your Town of Valencia'toAlicant, and thence you ffiali be fure to hear from me further, for I make account to Winter there. The Duke of Offuna paii’dby here lately, and having gob leave of Grace to releafe fome (laves, he went aboard the Cape- Gallic, and parting through the Churma of Haves, he ask’d di¬ vers of them what their offence's were, evry one excus’d himfelf. 32 Familiar Letters* ■ Vol z, one faying, That he was put in out of malice, another by bribery of the Judge, but all of them unjuftly •, amongft the rcft,ther was one fturdy little black man, and the Duke alking him what he was in for: Sir, faid he, I cannot deny but 1 am'juflly put in here, for I vanted money, and fo tool,»a Vurfe hard by Tarragona to_ fyep me from flaming ; The Duke with a little ftaffhe had in his hand, gave him two or three blowes upon the fhoulder, faying, Yon Rogue, what do you do amongflfo many hone(t innocent mm ? get yon gone out of their company ; fo he was freed, and the reft remain’d ftill in flatu quo primus, to tugg at the Oar. I pray commend me Sigmor Camillo, and Maxalao, with the reft of the Venetians with you, and when you go aboard the Ship behind the Exchange, think upon Yours,]. H. Barcelona, io, of Novemb. 162a. _ XXIII. To Sir James Crofts. SIR, I Am now a good way within the Body of Spain, at Barcelona, A proud wealthy city, fituated upon the Mediterranean, and is ' the'Metropolis oi the Kingdom of Catalonia call’d of old Hijpanid. Tarraconenfis : I had much ado to reach hither, for befides the monftrous abruptnefs of the way, thefe parts of the Vyreneys that border upon the Mediterranean, are never without Theeves by land fail’d Eandeleros) and Pyrats on the Sea fide which lie fculking in the Hollows of the Rocks, and often furprize Fallen- gers unawares, and carry them Haves to Barbary on the other fide. The fafeft way to pafle, is to take a Bordon in the habit of a Pil¬ grim, whereof ther are abundance that perform their vows this way to the Lady of Monferrat, one of the prime places of pilgri¬ mage in chriflendom It is a ftupendous Monaftery, built on the top of a huge Land Rock, whither it isimpoflible to go up, or . come down by a direft way, but a path is cut out full of windings and turning 5 and on the crown of this craggy-hill there is a flat, upon which the Monaftery and Pilgrimage place is founded, where there is a Picture of the Virgin Mary Sunburnt,and Tann’d, it feems when flie went to Egypt ■, add to this Pifture a marvail- ous confluence of’people from all parts of Europe refort. As I pafs’d between fom of the Vyrency hilis,l obferv’d the poor Labradors, fom of the countrey people live no better than bruit Animals in point of food, for their ordinary commons is Graffe and Water, onely they have ahvayes within their Houfes a Bottle of Vinegar, and another ef Oyl, and when Dinner or Supper time ■Vol i. Familiar Letters. 33 time comes,they go abroad and gather their. Herbs, and fo cart. Vineger and Oyl upon them; and will pafs thus two or three dayes without Bread or Wine,yet are they ftrong lufty men,and will-ftand ftiffly under a Musket. _ ■ . ■ _ Ther is a Tradition, that ther wer divers Mynes of Gold in Ages pafs’d amongft thofe Mountains: And' tlie Shepherds that : kept Goats then, having niade a fiftail fire of Rofemary- flubs, with other combuftible rtuff to warm themfelves,this fire graz’d along,and grew fo outragious,that it confum’d the very Entrails of the Earth; and melted thofe Mynes, which growing fluid by . liquefaction, ran down into the fmall Rivelets that were in the Valleys, and fo carried all into the Sea, that monftroiis Gulpli which fwallowcth all, but fcldomedifgorgcth anything; and in thc-fc Brooks to this day fome fmall grains of Gold are found. The Victim of this Countrey hath taken much pains to clear Thefe' Hills of Robbers,and ther hath bin a,notable havockmade of them this yeer; for in divers Woods as I pafs’d, I might fpie • fom Trees laden with dead Carcafes,a.better fruit far then Di¬ ogenes Tree bore, wheron a Woman had bang’d her felf, which the Cynic cryed out to be thebeft bearing Tree that ever hefaw. In this place then lives neither EtlgUjh Merchant or factor, which I wonder at, confidering that it is a,Maritim Town; and one of the greatert in Spain -,her chiefeft Atfehal for Gallies,and the Scale by which (he conveys her Moneys to Italy,but I believe the reafon is,that ther is no commodious Port here for Shipifof any burden,but a large. Bay. I will enlarge my felf no further af this time,but leave you to the guard and guidance ofGod,whofcr fweet hand of prpteftion hath brought me through fo niiny urt- couth places and difficulties to this CitytSo hoping to meet your Letters in Alimt, wher I fliall anchor a good while,I reft Barcelona, 24. Hovun'o. Toiirs'to difpofe of, 162c.- ■; • ]. H. XXIV. To Dr, Fr. Manfell.; from Valentia. - SIB, T Hough it be die fame glorious Sun that fhines upon you in England ^which illuminates allb this part Of the Hemifphear though it be the Sun that ripencth your Pippins, and our Pom- granats; your Hops, and our Vineyards here, yet he defpenfeth his heat in different degrees of firength; thofe Rays that do dm warm you in ingUrA, do half roaft us here ; thofe Seams that C irradiac 34 familiar tetters'; Vol. i irradiat onfy,arid guild your Honey-fucklcd fields, do fcorch and parch this chinkygapingfoyl,andfo put too many wrincles upon the face of your Common Mother the Earth. 0 blefied Clime ,0 happy England wher ther is fuch a rare temperature of the heat and cold, and all the reft of Elementary qualities, that one may pafs (and fuffer little) all the year without either (hade in Sum¬ mer, or fire in Winter. Iam now in Valentia, One of the nobleft Cities of all Spain, fituate in a large Vegue or Valley,above threefcore miles com- pafs, here are the ftrongeft Silks, the fweeteft Wines, the excel- lent’ft Almonds, the beft Oyls,and tliebeautifull’ft Females of all Spain, for the prime Courtiians in Madrid and elfe-wherare had hence j The very brute Animals make themfelves Beds of Rofe- mary, & other Fragrant Flowers hereaboutsjand when one is at Sea, if the Wind blow from the (hore,he may fmell this foyf before he come in fight of it many leagues off, by the ftrofig o- doriferous fent it calls; As it is the mod pIeafant,fo it is alfo the temperat’ft Clime of ail Spain, and they commonly call it the fe- cond Italy, which made the Moors, whereof many thoufands wer difterr’d and banilhed hence to Barbary, to tliink that Faradife was in that part of the Heavens which hung over this City.Some twelve miles off, is old Sagunto, call’d now Morviedre, through which I pafsed,and faw many Monuments of Roman Antiquities there, amongft others, ther is the Temple dedicated toVemis, when the Snake came about her Neck, a little before Hannibal came thither.No more now,but that I heartily wi(h you wer here with me, and I believe you would not defire to be a good while in England. So 1 am Tour J. H. Valmtia i.of March, 1620. XXV To Chriftopher Jones, £/^-,:occa,\shci wt remain yet aboard, and mud be content to be fo,to make up the month before we have pratic, that is before any be permitted to f oa (hore, and negotiat, in regard we touch’d at fome infeftec laces : For ther are no people upon Earth fo fearfull of the Plague, m t\ii'Italians, fpecially the Venetian, though their Neigh¬ bors the Gfeeks hard by, and the Turl^s have little or noappre- henfion'atall ofthe danger of it, for they will vifitandcom- merfe with the lick without any fcruple, and will fix ther loug eft finger in the midft of their forehead, and fay, Their deftin; ’ and manner of death is pointed ther. When we have gain’d y’oi Maiden city, which lieth before us, ypu (hall hear farther uo:i me: So leaving you to his holy protection who hath thus gti cioufly vouchsaf'd to prefervethis Ship,and me, info long aw dangerous a Voyage, I reft Mdanwcat. April the 30,1621, Tours, J. H. XXVII. 1 Vol. i Familiar Letters. 37 XXVII. To my Brother Dr, Uowd,from a Shipboard before Venice BROTHER. ■ T F this Letter fail either in point of Orthography or Style,you j muft impute the firft to the tumbling pofture my hotly was in at the writing hereof, beingafhipboard,thefeconddiemud- dinefs of my Brain, which like Lees in a narrow Veffel, nata bin fiiaken at Sea in divers Temped neer upon fourty dayes, I mean natural days which in'clude the nights alfo,fc are compord of four and twenty hours,by which number the Itali an computes his time,and tells his Clock,for at the writing hereof,I heard one from MaLrmocca fir ike one and twenty hours : When I (hall have faluted yonder Virgin City that (landsbefore me,ana hath tantaliz’d me now this fennight,I hope to cheer my fpirits,and fettle my Pericranium again. In this voyage we pafs’d thorow, at lead touch’d, all thofe Seas which Horace and other Poets (mg of fo often, as the Ionian the o£gnn ,the Tcarian, the Tyrrhene ,with others and now we are in the Adrian Sea, in the mouth wherof, Venice (lands like a Gold Ring in a Bears Muzzle : We pafs’d alfo by oEtna, by the Infantes Seasides, Acrocemnia ,and though Scylla and Charybdis, about which the ancient Poets,both Greek, and Latin,keep fuch a coyl, but they are nothing fo horrid & dangerous,as they make them to be, they are two white keen-pointed Rocks,that lie un¬ der water diametrically oppofed, and like two Dragons defying one another, and therare Pilots, that in fmall Shallops,are ready to (leer all (hips that p.ils:This amongd divers others,may ferve for an inflance, That the old Poets ufe to heighten and hoife up things by their ayrie fancies above the reality of truth u£tnt was very furious when we pafs’d as (he ufeth to be fpmetimes more then other,fpecially when the wind is Southward, for then (he is ' more fubjett to belching out flakes of fire ( as Stutterers ufe to (laminer more when the wind is ip that holejomp of the fpark- les fell aboard of us but they would make us believe in Syracufa now Meffma.Am ^£tna in times pafs’d, hath eruftated fuch huge' gobbets of fire,that the fparks of them have burnt houfes, i n Md- ■ fa, tbove fifty mies oflF,tranfported thither by a direft Hrong wind: We pafs’d hard by Corinth -,now Ragnfa, but I was not (o mppy as to touch thcr, for you. know .. .. : . , Non cHivis bomini amtingit adire Corinthum I convers’d with many Greeks but found none that could uii- derdand, much lefs praticaljy fpeak any of the old dialers of c 3 the 3 8 Familiar Letters Vol i. the Latin-Greek, it is fo adulterated by the vulgar, as abed of Flowers by Weeds,nor is therany people,either in the Iflands,or on the Continent, thatfpeak it converfably, yet ther are in the Moroa feven parities call’d zacones, wher the Original Greek is not much degenarated, but they confound divers Letters of the Alphabet with one found; for in point of pronuntiation ther is no difference ’twi xtupjilon, lota, and Eta. The laft I received from you was in Latin, wherof I fent you an anfwer from Spain in the fame Language, though in a courfer Dialed:: I fhall be a gueft to Venice a good while, therefore I de¬ fire a frequency of correfpondence between us by Letters, for ther will be conveniency evry week of receiving and fending; when you write to waits-, I pray fend advice, that I am come fafe to Italy, though not landed ther yet : So my dear Brother, I pray God bleife us both,and all our friends and referve me to fee you again with comfort, and you me, who am May the 5. 1621. 1'oitr loving Brother, __LJ_ XXVIII. To the Honourable Sir Robert Manfell Vice-Admiral ^/England \from Venice. sis, A S foon as I came to Venice, I applyed my felf to difpatch your bufinefs according to inftruction, and Mr. Seyiitor was ready to contribute his beft furtherance: thefe two Italians who are the Bearers hereof, by report here, are the beft Gentlemen- Workmen that ever blew Cryftal, one is allied to Antonio Miotti, the other is Cofen to Ma^alao ; for other things they fhall be fent in the Ship Zion, which rides here at Malamocca, as I fhall fend you account by conveyance of Mr. Sytnns: Herewith I have fent a Letter to you from Sir Henry Wotton the Lord AmbalTador' here, of whom I have received fom favours, Hewifh’d'me to write, that you have now adouble intereft in him : for whereas before he was pnly your Servant,he is now your Kinfman by your lace marriage. - ' " ■. I was lately to fee t he Arfena l of pnice, one of the worthieft things of Chriftendofn; they lay ther are as many Gallies, anc| Galeaffes of all forts, belonging to Saint Marc!^, either in Cours, at Anchor, in Dock,or upon theCarihe, as there be dayes in the year,here they cah build a compleat Gaily in half a day,and put net a float in perfeft Equipage, having all the ingredients fitted 1 . ; : ' befpre- Vol. io Familiar Letters. 36 before-hand, as they did in three hours, when Hmy the Third pafs’d this way to France from Poland, who wilh’d, that befides Paris, and his Parliament-Towns, he had this Arfenal in ex¬ change, for three of his chiefeft cities ;Ther are three hundred people perpetually here at Work, and if one comes young, and grows old in Saint Marcia fervice, he hath a Penfion from the State during life : Being brought to fee one of the clarilfims that governs this Arfenal, this huge Sea Store-Houfe, among other matters relieving upon England, he was feying, That if Cavaglier Don Roberto Manfell were now here, he thought verily the republic would make a proffer to him to be Admiral of that Fleet of Gallics, and Galleons, which are now going againft the Duke of Ojfuna, and die Forces of Naples, you are well known here. I was,fince I came hither in Mitrano, a little Ifland, about the diflance of Ldinbith from London, where Cryftal-Glaffe is made and ’tis a rare fight to fee a whole Street, wher on the one fide ther are twenty Furnaces together at work-, They fay here, that although one mould tranfplant a Glaffe-Furnace from Murano to Venice her felf, or to any of the litde affembly of Iflands about her, or to any other part of the Earth befides,and ufe the fame Materials, the fame Workmen, the fame Fuel, the felf-fame In - gredientsevry way, set they cannot make CryftalGlaffe in that perfeftion, for beauty and luftre, as in Murano ; fom impute it to the quality of the circumambient Ayr, that hangs ore die place which is purified and attenuated by the concurrence of fo manv fires that are in thofe Furnaces night and day perpetually, for they are like the Ve(lal fi re which never goes out :And it is well known that tom Ayrs make more qualifying impreffions then others, as a Gree^ told me in Sicily, of the Ayr of Egypt, where ther be huge common Furnaces to hatch Eggs by thethoufands MCdwi/r Dung; for during the time of hatching, if the Ayr happen to come to be overcaft, and grow cloudy,it ipoils all; if the skie continue ftill ferene and clear,not one Egg in a hundred will mifearry. I met with Camillo your Confaorman herd lately,and could he befure of entertainment,he could return to ferve you again, and I beb'eve for lefs falary. I fhall attend your commands herein by the next^nd touching other particulars, wherof I have written to Captain Bacon: So I reft Tour mti hmbleand ready Servant , Venice, Tftay, the 30, 1621. ' T. H. ■ -- C 4 ’ . Ta 40 Familiar Letters* Volt. XXIX. To my Brother from Venice. Brother, ■ I Found a Letter of yours that had Iain dormant here a good while in Mr. Syms hands, to welcome me to Venice,, and 1 thank you for the variety of news,wherwith Hie went freighted; for flie was to me, as a (hip richly laden from London ufetli to Be to our Marchants here,and I efteem her Cargazon at no lefs a value, for (he enrich’d me with the knowledge of my Fathers health, and your own,with the reft of my Brothers and Sillers, in the Countrey, with divers other paffages of contentment, be- . fides,(hc went alfoballafted with your good inftrudion, which as Marchants ufe to do of their commodities, 1 will turn to the beftadvantage, and Italy is noill market to improve any thing ; the onely precede (, that I may ufe the mercantil term ) you can expeft,is thanks,and this way I (hall not be wanting to inake'ydu rich returns. Since I came to this Town I difpatched fundry bufineffes of good value for Sir Robert Manfel, which I hope will give content. The Art of Glade-: .taking here is very highly valued; for whom¬ ever he be of that profelfion, are Gentlemen ipfo factofl nd it is not without reafon, it being a rare kind of knowledge and Chy- miftry, to tranimuteDuftand Sand ( for they are the only main Ingredients) to fucli a diaphanous pellucid dainty body as you fee a Cryftal-Glaffe is,which hath this property above Gold or Silver or any other mineral,to admit nopoyfon; as alfo,thatit never waftes or lofeth a whit of its firft weight,though you ufe it never fo long ; When I faw fo many forts of curious Glades made here,I thought upon the complement which a Gentleman put upon a Lady in England, who having five or fix cornly Daughters, faid He never faw in his life , ftich a dainty cupboard- of Cryllal-Glajfes ; the complement proceeds it feems from a fay¬ ing they have here, That the jir(l handfom Woman' that ever was made, ms made ofVenice-Glajfe; which implies Beauty, but bvttlc- nes withallQmA Venice 'is not unfurnifh’d with fom of that mould, for no place abounds more with Lades' and Glades) but confi- dcring the brittlenes of the Stuff, it was an old kind ofmelan- cholly in him that could not be perfwaded,but he was an urinal, furely he defejy’d to be pifs’d in the mouth; But when I pried into the-materials, andobferv’d the Furnaces and the Calcinati- pns, the Tranfubftanriation, the Liquefaiftions that are incident fothis Art, my thoughts were rais’d to a higher fpeculation; Vol i.' 1 Familiar Letters . 41 that if this fell furnace-fire hath vertite to convert fuch a tall, lump of Dark Duff and Sand into Inch a precious clear Body as Cryftal, finely, that grand Univcrfal-tire, which (hall happen at the day of Judgment, may by its violent ardor vitrifie and turn to one lump ofCryftal, the whole Body of the Eartii,noramI . the fir ft that fell upon this conceit, I will enlarge my ftlf no further to you at this time, but con-, elude with this Terraftic which my Erain ran upon in my bed this morning. Fitru fimt noHrx commiffmegotia curs;,' Hoc oculis fpeculum mittimus irgo tuis: Qjtod fpeculum? est inlira fptculi mu litera,ptr quod Vividu patent cordis imago aim. Adieu my dear Brother, live happily and love Feu. the:, of 7our Brother, June, 15 2 t . ' j- H. ; xxx To Mr. Richard Altham at Grayes-Inne, from Venice. Gentl e $ 0 dulcior ilk Mellt quod in axis. Attica pon/t apis, , 0 thou that doft ir.fireetncfs far excdl. That Jttyct the Attic Bn fox's in her cell. My dear Vick,- -r ; I Havenowa good while fince taken footing in Venice ,this ad¬ mired Maiden City, fo call’d,becaufe (he was never defloured ■ by any enemy fince fne had a being, not fince her Rialto was firft erefted, which is now above twelve Ages ago. . I proteft unto you at myfirft landing, I was for fom days ra- vifhed with the high beauty of this Maid,with her'lovely counte¬ nance, I admired her magnificent buildings,her mervailous fitu- ation,her dainty finoothneat ftreets, wheron you may walk mod ' dayes in the year in a Silk-ftockin and Satin-Slippers, Without foiling, them, nor can the ftreets of'Paw be fo foul,as thefeare fair. The beauteous Maid hath bin often attempted to be vitia¬ ted, fom have courted her, fom brib'd her, fom wouldhave/arc’d her, yet fhe hath ftill preserved her chaftity intire; and though 42 Familiar letters. Vol i. y fhe hath lived fo many Ages, and palled fomany fhrew’d brunts, yet fhe continueth frelh to this very day without the leaf! wrin¬ kle of old Age, or any fymptomes of decay,wherunto political bo¬ dies as well as natural, ufe to be liable. Befide fhe hath wreft- led with the greateft Potentats upon Earth; The Emperour, the King of France, and molt of the other Princes of Chriftendom in diat famous league of Cambray would have funk her, but fhe bore up ftill within her Lakes, and broke that league to peeces by her wit: The grand Tur £ hath bin often at her ;and though he could not have his will of her, yet he took away the richeft Jewel fhe wore in her Corronet,md put it in his Turban,l mean the Kingdom of Cyprus the onely Royal Gem fhe had , he hath fet upon her fkirts often fince, and though fhe clos’d with him fomtimes, yet fhe came off ftill with her Maiden-head,though fom that envy her happines,would brand her to be of late times a kind of Concubin to him and that fhe gives him ready mony once a year to lie with her, which fhe minceth by the name ofprsfent, though it be indeed ra¬ ther a tribut. 1 would I had you here with a wifh, and you would not de¬ fire in haft to be at Grayes-Inne, though I hold your walks to be the pleafant’ft place about London and that you have there the choifeft fociety. I pray prefent my kind commendations to all there, and fervice at Bifhopsgate-ftreet, and let me hear from you by the next Poft: Sol am Ven. 5. June Intirelyyours, 1621 J. H. XXXI. to Dr. Fr. Manfell,/row Venice. ^>Ive me leave to falute you firft in thefe Sapphies. Jnfulam teniens iter ad Britamam Charta, de paucis volo, Sijte greffum. Verba Manfello, bene nofcis ilium, talia perjer. Finibuslongepatriis Hoellus Dimorans, quantis Vemtum fuperba Civitas leucis Dtrobemienji difiat ab urbc, THurimam mentis tibi vult falutem, 'Flurimum cordis tibi vultvigorem, flurimum firtis tibi vultfavorem Mis & Aulx. Thefe Volt. . Familiar letter*. 43 Thefe wifhes com to you from Venice, a place wher ther is no¬ thing wanting that heart^ can wilh •, Renowned , Venice, the ad¬ mired’!! City in the World, aCity that all Europe is bound unto, for fhe is hergreateft Rampart againft that huge Eaftern Tyrant the by Sea, elfe I beleive he had over run all Chriftendom by this time. Againft him this City hath perform’d notable ex¬ ploits, and not only againft him, but divers others; She hath rc- ftored Emperours to their Thrones, and Popes to thejrCJi'airs, fc with Iter Gallics often preferved Saint Peters Bark from finking: for which by way of reward,one ot his fucceliors efpoufed Jier to the Sea, which marriage is folemnly renewed evry.vfar f'folet'mj profeflion by the Dggge and all the Clariflimos and m Gbid Ring caft into the Sea out of the great Gale'fie, tailed Ate Bucentoro, wherein the firft Ceremony was performed by the Pope himfelf, above three hundred years fince, andtltey fay it is the felf-fame Vefiel ftill, though often put upon tlte enrine, and trim’d: This made me think on that famous Ship at Athens-,ray, I fell upon art abftrafted notion in Philofophy, and a fpeculation touching the body of man, which being in perpetual Flux, and a kind of fuc- ceflion of decayes, and confequently requiring ever and anon, a reftaurationof what it lofethof the vertue of the former aliment, & what was converted after the third concoftion into a blood S; flefhly fubftance, which as in all other fublunary bodies that have internal principles of heat, ufeth to tranfpire, breath out, and wafte away through invifible Pores by cxercife, motion, and deep to make room ftill for a fupply of new nourritnre: I fell, I fay, to confider whither our bodies maybe faidtobe of like con¬ dition with this Bucentoro : which though it be reputed ftill the fame Vefiel,yet I believe ther’s not a foot of that Timber remain- ’ ing which it had upon the firft Dock, having bin as they tell ir,e fo often plank’d and ribb’d, caulk’d and pcec’d : In like manner pur bodies may be faid to be dayly repaired by new fuftenance which begets new blood, and confequently pew fpirits, new hu¬ mours, and I may fay new fielb, the old by continual deperdi¬ tion andinfcnfibletranfpirations evaporating ftill but of us, amt giving way to frefhfio that I make a queftion, whither By reafon pf thefe perpetual reparations, and accretions, the body of mini may be faid to be the fame numerical body in his old age that he had in his manhood,or the fame in his manhood, that he had in his youth, the fame in his youth that he carried about him in his childhood, or the fame in his childhood which he wore firft in the womb I make a doubt, whither I had the fame identical individually numerical body, when I carried a Calf-Leather Sa r chcl to School in Hereford, ns when I wore a Lamskin Hood in Oxford, 44 Familiar Letters. Vol. i. Oxford , or whether I have the fame made of blood in my veins, and the fame flefh now in Venice which I carried about me three years fince, up and down London ftrcets, having in Ijeu of, Beer and Ale,drank Wine all the while, and fed upon different Vi¬ ands : now the ftomach is like a crufible,for it hath a chymical kind of vertue to tranfmute one body into another, to tranfub- ftantiat Fifhand Fruits into Flefh within,& about us-,but though it be queftionable, whither I wear the fame flefh which is flux- ible,Iam furetny Hair is not the fame, for you may remember I went flaxenhair’d out of England, but you fhall find me return’d with a very dark Brown, which I impute not only to the heat and ayrofqpf'e hot Countries I have eat my bread in, but to the quality^ id difference of food ; you will fay that hair is but an excremeocitious'thing, and makes not to this purpofe ; moreover, tnethinks I hear you fay, that this may be true, onely in the blood and fpirits, or fuch fluid parts, not in the folid and heterogeneal parts: but I will prefs no further at this time this Philofophical notion which the fight of Bueentoro infus’d into me, for it hath already made me exceed the bounds of a Letter, and .1 fear me to trefpafs too much upon your patience -, I leave the further difquifmon of this point to your own contemplations, who are a far riper Philofopher then I, and have waded deeper into, and drunk more of Arijlotles Well, but to conclude,though it lie doubtful whither I carry about me the fame body or no, in all Points that I had in England, I am well allur’d, I bear ftill the fame mind, and therin I verifie the old vers Cesiumnon an'miimmutant quitrans mancurrunt, ‘Ihe an but not the mind they change, M'ho in Outlandijh Countries range. For what alterations foever happen in this Microcofin,in this little Worlf,this fmall bulk and body of mine, you may becon- ■ fident, that nothing fhall alter my affections, fpecially towards you,but that I will perfever ftill the fame The very fame, J. H. Ven. a 5. June, 1621. xxm ' To Richard Altham Efquirc. Dear Sir, T Was plung’d in a deep fit of Melancholy, Saturn had caft his -*■ black influence o’re all my intellectual's, me thought I felt my heart as a lump of Dow, andheavy as Lead within my Ereft; when a Letter of yours of the third of this month was brought Foil. Familiar Letters. 45 me, which prefently begot newfpirits within me, and made fuch firong impreffions upon my intellectuals',that it turn’d and transform’d me into another man, I have readjif ...aJMffi of Milan and cithers, who wer ppyfo.n’dbyreadiugofa Letter,but yours produc’d contrary effefts in me, it became an antidot, or rather a moftSoverain Cordial to me, more operative then Ee- rar, of more vertue then Potable Gold,or the Elixir of Amber, for it wrought a fudden cure upon me': That fluent and rare mixture of love, and wit, which I found up and down therin were the Ingredients of this Cordial : they were as fo many choice Flowers, flrew’d here and ther, which did call fuch an Odoriferous ..fent, that they reviv’d all my fences, anddifpell’d thofe dull fumes which had formerly ore-clouded my brain : Such was the operation of your moft ingenious and afteftionat letter, and fo fweet entertainment it gave me •, if your Let¬ ter had that vertue,what would your perfon have done ? and did you know all. you would wifh your perfon here a whik.-plid you know the rare beauty of this Virgin City, you would quickly make love to her,and change your Royal Exchange for the Rialto, . and your Grayes-lnne Walks for Saint Mar^s place for a time. Farewell -dear child of Vertue, and Minion of the Mufes; and love (fill yen, 1, ftily. 1621. Your j. H, XXXIII. • ~~~ ~ To my much honoured frend, Sir John North, Knight , from Venice Noble Sir , ’“(p He fir ft office of gratitudeis, to receive a good turn civilly, 1 then to retain it in memory and acknowledge.it, thirdly, to endeavour a requital, for this laft office •, it is in vain for me to attempt it-,fpecially towards you, who have laden me with fuch a variety of courtefies, and weighty favours, that my poor flock comes far fliort of any retaliation: but for the other two, reception and retention, as I am not confcious to have bin wanting in the firfi aft, fo I /hall never fail in the fecond, becaufe both thefe are within the compafs of my power for if you could pry into my memory, you (liould dilcover ther a huge Magazin of your favours(you have bin pleas’d to do me prefent and abfent)fafely flor’d up and coacervated •, to preferve them from mouldring away in oblivion,; for courtefies (hall be no perifhable commodity : Should I attempt any other requital, I fliould extenuatyour fa¬ vours, and derogat from the worth of thennyet if to this of .the ' memory 4 6 Familiar tetters. V'ol. t. memory, I can contribute any other aft of body or mind,.to en¬ large my acknowledgements towards you; you may be well af- fured that I fhall be ever ready to court any occafion, whereby the world may know how much I am Pte.-13.T11l; 1621: Tour thankjull Servitor, J. H,' . ; XXXIV. To Dan. Caldwall Efafrora Venice. My Dear T). C Ould Letters flie with the fame Wings as Love ufeth to do‘, and cut the Air with the like fwiftncls of motion,this Letter of mine fhould work a miracle, and be with you in an infant; nor fhould fhe fear interception or any other ca Laity in die way,; or coft you one peny the Port, for fhe fhould palle invifibiy: bpt ’tisnot fitting, that paper which is made but of old Rags wherwith Letters are fwadled,(liou!d have the fame priviledg as Love, which is a fpiritual thing, having fbmething of Divinity in it, and partakes in celerity with the Imagination, then which thcr is not any thing more fwifc you know, no not the motion of the upper fphere the primum mobile, which fnatchethall the other nine after, and indeed the whole Macrocofm, all the world be- fidcs, except our Earth (the Center) which upper fphere the Aftfonomers would have to move fo many degrees,fo many thou- fand miles in a moment ■, fince then, Letters are denied fuch a velocity,! allow this of mine twenty dayesjwhich is the ordinary time allow’d’twixt Venice and London,to com unto you, & thank . you a thoufand times over for your lafl of the tenth of jW,arid the rich Venifon Feaft you made,as I underfand not long fince, to the remembrance of me,at the Sh^-Tavern.: Believe it Sir, you fballfind that this love of yours, is not ill imployed, for I efleem it at the highcfl degree, I value it more then theJxeafiay- Saint Marfa which I lately faw, wher among other thingsther isahuge Iron Chef! as tall as myfelf that hath no lock', but a Crevice thro ;gh which they caft in the Gold that's bequeath’d to Saint Mar\ in Legacies, wheron ther ii graven thisproqd Motto. Qjuindo queflo fcrimino S' Aprira Tntto'l'mundo tremeu. . . When the Cheft, fhall open, the whole Wod ’.all tremble: the Duke of Offuna late Vice-Roy of Naples,did wU t he could to force them to op_en it, for' he brought Saint M .0 walk much of this Treafureiiuhe late Wars, which he .e purpofely to that end,which made them have recours,to -nd the Hollander for Ships, not long fince. Amongfl VoL'i. Fatniliar Letters. 47 Amongft the reft of Italy ,this is call’d the Maiden-Cityf not- withftanding her great numbers of Courtefans)and ther is a Pro¬ phecy, that (he (nail continue a Maid until her Husband forfake her, meaning the Sea,to whom the Pope married her long (ince and the Sea is obferv’d not to love her fo deeply as he did, for he begins to (hrink,and grow (hallower infom places about here; nor doth the Pope alfo, who was the Father, that gave her to the Sea.affeft her fo much as he formerly did,fpecially (ince the ex- "termination of the Jefuits: fo that both Husband,mi Father, be¬ gin to abandon her. lam to be a gueft to this Hofpitable Maid , a good while yet, and if you want any commodity that (he can afford (and what Cannot (he afford for humane pleafureor delight?J do but write* and it (hall be fent you. Farewell gentle foul, and correfpond ftill in pure love with' -. Ven. 29 of Jul. 1621. Tour], K. * . XXXV.' ’ To Sir James Crofts Kt \from Venice. si x, I Receiv’d one of yourithedaft week,that came in my tori Ambaffador tfottons Packet,and novjAeginupoh point of part¬ ing with Venice, I could not do it without acquainting you (as far as the extent of a Letter will permit)with her power,nor Policy, herWealthafld Pedigree tSnetvasbuik of the mines of/?«r- Ifia, 'sTPadoua,for when thofe fwarmsof tough Northern peo- pleover-ranl taly, under the conduft of that Scourge of Heaveit Attila,mth others, and that this foft voluptuous Nation after fo long a defuetude from Arms, could notrepell dieir fury, many of the ancient Nobility and Gentry fled into thefe Lakesand lit¬ tle I(lands,amongft the Fiftiermen for their : fgcurity,and finding die Ayr good and commodious for habitatibiifthey began to build upon thefe fmall Iflands,wherof ther are inallthreefcore; and in trad of time, they conjoyn’d and leagu’d them together by bridges, wherofther are now above 800. And this makes up the City of Venice ; who is now above twelve Ages old* and was contemporary with the Monarchy of France •, but theS/£»wyglo- rieth in one thing above the Monarchy, that fhe wasborn a Cbri- jiitn , bur the Monarchy not. Though this City, be thus hem’d in with the Sea, yet (he fpreads her Wings far wide upon the fhore jfhehathin Lombardy fix confiderable Towns, Vadva,Vt- ron.i, Vicenza, Brefcia, Cromo, and Bergamo, (he hath in the Mar- ptfat, Bajfan and Caftlfmco ; (he hath all Pmli and ljiria ; (he commands 48 Familiar Letters. Vol i- commands the'fhores of Dalmatia and Slavonia-,(ht keeps under the power of Saint Marltfhc Hlands of Corfu (anciently Covor.z) Ceptalonia,Zant,Cerigo, Lucerigo* and Candy f Joves Cradle;) flic had a long time the Kingdom of Cy/»/«,but it was quite rent from her bytheT//r 4 ,which made that high fpirited Baffa, being tak¬ en prifoner at the Battel ofLepanto, wherthe grand Signior loft above 200 Gallies,to fay, That that defeat to his great Majkr was but like the (having of his Beard,or the pairing of his Nails ; but the taking of Cyprus was like the cutting off a Lira, which will never grow again : This mighty potentat being fo ncer a neighbour to her fhe is forc’d to comply with him, and give him an Annual! Prefent in Gold: She hath about thirty Gallies mod part of tiie year in cours to fcowre and fecure the Gulph 5 fhe entertains by Land in Lumbardy, and other parts 25000. Loot, befides fome of the Cantons of Sniffes whom fhe gives pay unto 5 fhe hathalfo in conflant pay 600 men of Arms,and evry ofthefe mud keep two Horfes a peece, for which they are allowed iYoDuckats ayeer, and they are for the mod part 'gentlemen of Lumbardy : When they have any great expedition to make, they have alwayes a dranger for their General, but he islupervis’d by two Yrove- ditors, without whom he cannot attempt any thing. Her great Counfell confids of above 2000 Gentlemen , and fom of them meet evry Sunday and Holiday, to chufe officers, and Magidrates, and evry Gentleman being pafs’d 25. yeers of Age,is capable to fit in this Counfell: The Doge or D;;fy(their Soveraign Magiflrate) ischofen by Lots, which would be toore- dious hereto demondrat,and commonly he is an Aged man who is created, like that cours they hold in the Popedom. When he is dead ther be Inquifitors that examin his aftions, and his mif- demcanorsare punifhable in his Heirs: Ther is a furintendenr. Councell of ten, and fix of them may difpatch bufmefs without the Doge, but the Doge never without fom of them, not as much as open a Letter from any Forrain State,though addrefs’d to him- felf,which makes him to be call’d by other Princes, 1 Tefta di ligno, A head of mod. The wealth of this Republic hath bin at a dand,or rather de¬ clining fince the Portugal found a road to the Eajl-Indies by the Cape of good Hope ■, for this City was us’d to fetch all thol'c Spi¬ ces,& other Indian Commodities,from the grancl cajro downthe Nile, being formerly carried to Cayro from theififrf-SM,upon Ca¬ mel?, and Dromedaries Backs,thrcelcore dayes journey , Andfo Fs«/«us’d todifpence tho'fe commodities through allChriden- cfom, which not onely the Portugal but the Engl id), and Hollan¬ der, now tranfport/andare Mailers of theTrade.Yettheris no Vol. i. Familiar Letters. 4g outward appearance at all of poverty, or any decay in this City, , but (he is (till gay, flourifhing, and fre(h,&-flowing with all kind i of bravery and delight,which may be had at cheap rates. Much j more might be written of this ancient wife Republic,which can¬ not be comprehended within the narrow inclofure of a Let¬ ter. So with my due and daily prayers, fora continuance of your ■' health, and increafe of your honour, I reft yen. i. ofAuguft, roar mod humble and ready , 1621. fervitor, ]. H. XXXVI. To Robert Brown E[quire, at the middle-temple ; from Venice. Robin , . _ I Have now enough of the Maiden-C\vj,md this vveek I am to go further into Italy, for though I have been a good while in Venice, yet I cannot fay I have bin hitherto Jupon the Conti¬ nent of Italy •, for this City is nought elfe but a knot of Iflands in the Adriatic Sea, joyn’d in one body by Eridges,and a good way diftant from the firm Land : I have lighted upon very choice company, your Cofin Brown , and Matter mb. and we all take the Rode of Lumbardy, but we made an order amongft our felves, : thatourdifcoursbe alwayes in the Language of the Countre.y, under penalty of a forfeiture,which is to be indifpenfably pay’d.' Randal Symns made us a curious Feaft lately, whejina Cup of the richeft Greek we had your health,and I could not tell whe¬ ther the Wine or the remembrance of you was fweeter ; fork was naturally a kind of Aromatic Wine, which left a fragrant perfuming kind of farewell behind it. .1 have fent you a Runlet of it in the Ship L/w;,and if it com fafe,and unprick’d,! pray be¬ llow fom Bottles upon the Lady ( you know ) with.my humble Service. When you write next to Matter Symns,l pray acknow¬ ledge the good Hofpitality,and extraordinary civilities I receiv¬ ed from him: Before I conclude,! will acquaint you with a com¬ mon faying that is us’d of this dainty City of Venice. Venetia, Venetia, chi non te.vede non te Vregia, Ma chit'ha troppo veduto te Vefpreggia. Englijh'd and Rim’d thus(rhough I know you need no Tranfki- on, you underftand fo much of Italian .)' Venice, Venice, none Thee urifeen can pri Who hath feen too much will Thee defpife. 50 Familiar Letters. Vo!. I. I will conclude with that famous Hexaftic which Sannaxartus made of this rare City, which pleafeth much better. Fiderat Hadriacis Venetam Neptunus in units Stare urbem, & toti ponire jura Mari ; Nuncmihi Tarpeias quantum vis Jupiter krces Objice,&illa tui mania Martis, ait, SicPelago Tibrim prafers,nrbim afpice utramqne, lllam homines dices, bancpofuijfe Decs. when Neptun faw in Adrian Surges fland Venice, and give the Sea Laws of command: Now Jove [aid he, Objett thy Captitol, And Mars proud walls: This were for to extol Tyber beyond the Main, both Towns behold, Rome men thouFt fay, Venice the Gods did mould. Sannaxarius had given him by Saint Ma)\ an hundred zecchins, for cvry one of thefe Verfes,which amounts to about 300 pound. It would be long before the City of London would do the like. Witnefs that cold reward, or rather thofe cold drops of Water which were caft upon my Countrey man Sir Hugh Middleton for bringing ww-River through her Streets, the moil ferviceable and wholfomeft benefit that ever fhe received. The parcel of Italian Rooks that you write for; you fhall re¬ ceive from Mafter Leaf, if it pleafe God to fend the Ship to fafe Port; and I take it as a favour, that you imploy me in any thing that may conduce to your contentment; becaufe Fen. r 2, Aug. 1 am yoitrferious fervito r 1621, J.H. XXJVII. T0 Capt. Thomas Porter ,from Venice. My dear Captain, A S I was going a Shipboard in Alicant, a Letter of yours in Spanilh came to hand : I difcovered two things in it, firft, what a mafter you are of that Language, then how mindful you are of your frend; for the firft, I dare not correfpond with you yet: for the fecond, I fhall never com fliort of you, for I am as mindful of you,as poffible you can be of me, and fom hours,my Pulfe doth not beat more often, then my memory runs on you, which is often enough in confcience,for the Phyfitians hold,that in evry well difpos’d body, ther be above 4000 Pulfations evry hour,and forne Pulfes have bin known to beat above 30000 times tol l,- Familiar Letters. 51 hour in acute,Feavours. I undertone! you are bound with a gallant fleet for the Midi- tenanean, if you coin to Micant,l pray commend me to Prahcifcd Marco my Land-lord, he is a merry drole, and good company i one night when I was ther,he fent his'Boy with a Bonacbo of Lea¬ ther under his cloak for Wine, the Boy coming back about ten a Clock,and palling by the Guard one alk’d him whither he car¬ ried any Weapons about him ( fornone muff wear any Weap¬ ons ther after ten at night,) No quoth the Boy being pleafant, I have but a little Dagger; the Watch came and fearch’d him,and finding the Bonacbo full of good Wine, drunk it all up, faying, Sirrah“ You know no man muff carry any Weaponsfolate-.but “■becaufe we know whofe fervantyou are,ther’sthe Scabbard of “ your Dagger again,and fo threw him the empty Bonacbo ; but another pailagepleas’d me better of Don Beltram de Rofa, who being to marry a rich LabradOrs(a Yeomans )daughter hard by, which was much importun’d by her parents to the match,becaufe ther Family fhould be therby ennobled, he being a Cavalier of Saint Jago :the young'Maid having underffood that Don Beltram had bin in Naples,mi had thatdifeafe about him, anfwered wit¬ tily, Bn verdad pro adoba me la langre, no qniero denarmi la cam ; Truly Sir, To better my blooi,I will not hurt my flejh.l doubt I fhall not be in England before you fet out to Sea,if not, I take my leave of you in this Paper,and wilh you a profperous voyage and an honourable return, It is the hearty prayers of Fen. 21. Aug. 1621. ' Wir T. H. xxxvm. To Sir William Saint John Knight from SIR, H Aving feen Antenors Tomb in Padova , arid the Amphithea¬ ter of F laminins in Ferona, with other brave Towns m Lum¬ bar dy, I am now cpme to Rome, and Rome they fay is evry man s COuntrey,fhe is call’d Communis Patria,(or evry one that is with¬ in the compafs of the Latin Church,finds himfelfhere as it were at horn,and in his Mothers houfe, in regard of interef! in Religi¬ on, which is the caufe,that for one Native,ther be five flrangers that fojorn in this City, and without any dif!inftiori,or mark of flrangenes, they .corn ,to preferments and offices,both in Church arid State, according to merit, which is more valued and fough t after here, then any wher. But vvheraj I expe&ed to have found Rome elevated upon fe - P 2 ven 52 Familiar Letter*. Voh. venHills,I met her rather fpreadingupona Flat,having humbled her felf fince fhe was made a chriflian-,and defcendedfrom thofe Hills to Campus Martins, with Trasieren,and the Suburbs of Saint Peter (he hath yet in compafs about fourteen miles,’which is far fhortof that vaft circuit (he had in Claudius his timeifor Vopifcus writes (he was then of fifty miles in circumferenceiand (he had five hundred thoufand free Citizens in a famous cenfe that was made, which allowing but fix to evry Family in Women,Chil¬ dren,and Servants,came to three Millionsof fouls, but fhe is now a Wildernefs in comparifon of that number: The Pot>c is grown to be a great Temporal Prince of late years, for the State of the Churcfrextends above 300 miles iii' length, and 200 miles in breadth,it contains Ferrara, Bologna, Romagniajhe Marqnifat of Ancona, Vmbria, Sabina,?erugia,mth a part of Tofcany,the Pafri- money, Rome her felf, and Latiunrln thefe there are above fifty Bi(hopricks,the Pope hadt alfo the Dutchy of Spoleto, and the ex? archat of Ravenna, he hath the Town of Beneventa in the King¬ dom of Naples,and the Countrey of Venijj'o cah'dAvignon inF ranee-, he hath title alfo good enough to Naples it felf, but rather then offend his Champion the King of Spain,he is contented with a white Mule,& Purfe of Pidols about the neckpvhich he receives evry year for a heriot or homage, or what you will call it ; he pretends alfo to be Lord paramount of Sicily, Urbin, Parma, and Mafferan,oj Norway Jreland and Fngland, finceKing John did pro- ftrat our Grown at Pandelfo his Legat’s Feet. The State of the Apoftolic See here in Italy lieth \wixt two Seas,the Adriatic,ani the Tytrben,and it runs through the midft of Italy, which makes the Pope powerful to do good or harm,and more capable then any other to be an Umpire or an Enemy: His authority being mixt’twixt Temporal and Spiritual, difperfeth it felfinto fo many members, that a young man may grow old here,before he can well underhand the form of Government The Confiftory of Cardinalls meet but once a weekend once a week they folemnly wait all upon the Pope. I am toid therare now in Chriftendom but fixty eight Cardinals, wherof therare fix Cardinal Bifhops: fifty one Cardinal Priefts, and eleven Car - dinal Deacons: The Cardinal Bi (hops attend and fit neer the Pope, when he celebrates any Feftival : The Cardinal Priefts aflift him at Made, and the Cardinal Deacons attire him. A Car¬ dinal! is made by a ihon Breve or writ from the Pope in thefe words, Crearnmte Soc'mmRegibus,fuperioremDucibus jfjratremnop nmm creat thee a .Companion to kings, Superior to Dukes, and our Brother: If a CardinalBilhoplhould be queftioned for any off¬ ence, ther muft be twenty four Witnefles produc’d againft him: VoJ.i. Familiar Letters. 53 The Bifhop of Ojlia hath mod priviledge of any other, for he confecrates & inflates the Pope, and goes always next to him:All thefe Cardinals have the repute of Princes, and befides other in¬ comps , they have the Annat of Benefices to fupport their great- nefs, For point ofpower, the Pope is able to put 50000 men in the field,in cafe of neceffity,befides his navall firength in Gallies We read how Paul the third fent Charles the fifth twelve tliou- fand Foot, and 5ooHorfe. Pius the fifth fent a greater ayd to Charles the ninth :and for riches,befides the Temporall Domini¬ ons he hath in all the Countrys before named, thcDatary or Dis¬ patching of Bulls-. the Trienniall Subfidies,Ann3ts,and other Ec- clefiadic Rights, mount to an unknown fum-,and it is a common faying here, That as long as the Pope can finger a pen fie can want no pence. Pins the fifth, notwithflanding his expences in Buil¬ dings left four Millions in the Caflle of Saint Angelo, in lefs then five years, more I believe then this Gregory the fifteenth will,for. he hath many Nephews;and better it is to be the Popes Nephew, then to be a favorit to any Prince in Chriflendom. Touching the Temporal Government of Rom, and Oppidan Affairs,ther is a Pretor,and fom choice Citizens which fit in the CapitolhAmongd other prices of Policy, ther isaSynagogof jews permitted hcre(as in other places of J(vz/y)under the Popes nofe;but they go with a mark of diflinftion in their hats,they are tolerated for advantage of commerce, wherin the fie ware won¬ derful dextrous,though mod of them be only Brokers andLom- bardeers;and they are held to be here,as the Cynic held Women to be malum necejj'ariiml Ther be few of the Romans tint ufeto pray heartily for the Popes long life, in regard the oftner the change is, the more advantagious it is for the City,becaufe com¬ monly it brings drangers,and a recruit of new people. This Ayr otRome is not fo wholfome as of old; and amongd other reafons one is,becaufe of the burning of Stable to fatten their fieldsjFor . her Antiquities,it would take up a whole Volumn to write them, thofe which I hold the chiefed are Vefpatians Amphitheater; when fourfeore thoufand people might fit; the Stoves of Anthony, di¬ vers rare Statues at Belveder and Saint Peters, fpecially that, of Laocoon, the Obelisl^-, for the genius of the Roman, hath alwayes bin much taken with Imagery, Limming and Sculptures, info--, much, that as in former times, fo now, I believe the Statues and Pictures in Rome, exceed the number of living people: One' an¬ tiquity among others is very remarkable,becaufe ofthe change of' Language; which is an ancient Column erefted as a Trophey for Dnillks the Conful, after a famour Naval viftory obtain’d againd 54 Familiar Letters. Vol. i 0 the Carthaginians in the fecond Punic War wlier thefe words are ingraven and remain legible to this day. Exetnet licionis Mad- flrates Caftreis exfodent pngnandod taped inque.navibos mar id Con- hi &c. And half a dozen lines more‘it is call’d Columna roftrata, "having the Beaks and Proresof (hips ingraven up and down, wherby it appears, that the Latin then fpoken was much differ¬ ing from that which was us’d in Cicero's time 150. years after. Since the difmembring of the Empire, Rome hath run through many Vici(Iitudes,and turns of Fortune : and had it not bin for the refidence of the Pope, I believe (lie had becotn a heap of Stones, a mount of Rubbifh by this time; and however that (he bears up indifferent well, yet one may fay, Qui miferanda videt veteris vestigia Roma;, Ilk pote(l rnerito diem Roma fnit They who the mines of fir fl Rome behold, ■ May fay , Rome is not now , but was of old. Prefent Rome may be faid to be but a Monument of Rome pafs’d, when (he was in that flourifhthat Saint Auflin defired to fee her in, She who tam’d the world, tam’d her felf at laft, and falling under her own weight, fell to be a prey to Time, yet ther is a providence feems to have a care of her ftill; for though her Ayr be not (0 good,nor her circumjacent Soyl fo kindly as it was, yet (he hath wherwith to keep life and foul together ftill, by her Ecclefiaftic Courts,which is the foie caufe of her peopling now: So that it may be faid,When the Pope came to be her head, (he was reduc’d to her firft principles; for as a rtiepherd was Foun- ider, fo a fhepherd is ftill Governour and preferver. But wheras fhe French have an odd faying, That Jamais cbeval ny bomme , S'amendapour aller a Rome. Ne’re Horfe, or Man did mend. That unto Rome did wend. Truly I muft confefs, that I find my felf much better’d b y it; for the fight of fom of thefe mines did fill me with fymptoms of Mortification, and made me more fehfible of the frailty of all fublunary things, how all bodies, as well inanimat as animat,are fubjefttodiffolution and change, and evry thing elfe under the Moon, except the love of Tour faithful fervitor, RomSeptemh 12. J.H. XXXIX. Ti Vol. I. Familiar Letters. 55 XXXIX. To Sir T, H. Knight from Naples. SIB, I Am now in the Gentle City of Naples, aCity....fuelling with alldelightjGallantry.anxi. Wealth, and truly, in my opinion, the King of Spains greatnefs’ appears here more eminently, then in S pain it felfiTlns is a delicat luxurious City,fuller of true- bred Cavaliers, then any place I faw yet. The clime is hot, and the conftitution of the Inhabitants more hot. The Neapolitan is accounted the bell Courtier of Ladies,and the greateft embracer ofpleafure of any other people : They fay ther is nojefs here then twenty, thqufandCortizans regiftredin the office oiSavdii. This Kingdom with 'Calabria, may befaid to be the one moyti of Italy, it extends it felf450. miles, and fpreads in bredth ii2;it contains 2700 Towns ,ithath 20 Arch- bifhops, 127 Bifhops, 19 Princes,24 Dukes, 25 MarquifTes, and 800 Barons. Ther are three Prefidial Cadies in this City; and though the Kingdom abound in rich Staple commodities, as Silks,Cottons,& Wine, and that ther is a mighty Revenue comes to the Crown ; yet the King of Spain when hecatts up his ac¬ count at the years end,makes but little benefit therof,for it is eat¬ en up^twjxt Governours,Garifons, and'Officers. He is forc’d to maintain 4000 Spanifo Foot call’d the fercia of Naples,in the Catt¬ les he hath idoo, in the perpetual Garifon he hath 1000 men of Arms, 450 Light Horfe ; belides ther are five Footmen en¬ roll’d forevry hundred Fire;and lie had need to do all this, tb keep this voluptuous people in aw;for the ftory mu tters up,fe- ven^niLo?effi)L&Hi{)us Rebellions ofjfoe Nta poliianslnfeis .the n 3'oovears: But now they pay foundly for it, for one (ball hear, them groan up &down under the Spanifh yoak; and commonly ( the King of Spain fends fom of his Grandees hither,to repair their ] decayed fortunes, whence the faying fprung, That the Viceroy of ■: Sicily gnaws,the Governor of Millain Eats,but the Viceroy jf Naples: devours. Our Englijh Merchants Here,bear a confiderable Trade',; and their Faftors live in better Equipage, and in a more tplen- did manner, as in all Italy befides, then their Matters and Prin¬ cipals in they ruffle in Silks andSattiiis, and wear good Spanifh Leather-fhooes, while their Mafters-fhooes upon our Exchange in London fhine with blacking. At Titxypli not far off; amongftthe Grotts, ther are fomany ftrange ftupendous things, that nature her felf feem’d tohaveftudied ofpurpofehow to make her felf ther admir’d :I refervethedifcournngofthem, D 4 - with 5.6 Familiar Letters. Vol i) with the nature of Tarantola, and Manna which is gather’d here and no wher clfe, with other things till I fhall fee you, for they are fitter for difcourfes then a Letter. I will conclude with a Proverb they have in Italy of this people. Napolitano . Largo di bacca, flretto di mano The Neapolitans Have wide mouths, but narrow hands. They make flrong Mafculin promifes,but Female performances, (for deeds are men,but words are women ) and if in a whole florid of complements one find a drop of reality,’tis well. The ftrft accep¬ tance of Courtefie is accounted the greateft incivillity that can be amongft them, and a ground for aquarel, as I heard of a German Gentleman that was baffled for accepting one only in¬ vitation to a'dinner. So defiring to be preferv’d (till in your good opinion, and in the rank of your lervants, Ireftalwaycs mod ready - At your difpofing, Naples, Octob. the x. Idzi, J.H. XL. To Chriftopher Jones Ejq •, at Grayes-Inne, from Naples. ■ Ho-noured Father , I Muftftill ftileyou fmcel was adopted your Son, by fo good a Mother as Oxford : My mind lately prompted me, that I fhould .commit a great Solcecifme , amongft the reft of my friends in Engl and,lfl fhould leave youunfaluted,whotnllove fo dearly well, fpecidly haying fuch a fair and pregnant opportu¬ nity as the hand of this worthy Gendemanyour cofin Morgan, who is now porting hence for England. He will tell you how it fares with me; how any time thefe thirty odd months I have bin tofs’dfrom (bore to fhore ,and pafs’d under various Meridi¬ ans, and am now in this vpluptuous^andjuxuriant City of Naples: And though thefe frequent removes and tumblings under climes pf differing temper were not without fome danger, yet the de¬ light which accompanied them was far greater ;and it is impof- fiblefor any man to conceive the true pleafure of Peregrination but he who a finally enjoyes,and puts it in praftife y believe it Sir,that one year well imployed abroad by one of mature judges foentf which you know I want very much Jadvantageth more in point of ufefull and folid knowledge,' then three in any of our Vol I. Familiar Letters. 57 UniverjitiesXorx know Running waters an the pmjl, fo they that rraverfe the world up and down have the cleared underftand- ing; being faithful ey-witneffes of thofe things which others receive but in truft, wherunto they muft yeild an intuitive con¬ sent, and a kind of implicit faith, When I pafs’d through fome' parts of Lombardy, amongft other things, I obferv’d thePhyfi- ,ognomies,and complexions of tire people,men and women, and I thought I was in Wales, for divers of them have a caff of coun¬ tenance, and a neertr refemblancewith our Nation, than any I ever faw yet: And the reafon is obvious, for the Romans having bin neer upon three hundred year amongft us, wher they had four Legions ( before the Englilh Nation or Language had any being ) by fo long a coalition and trait of time, The two Nations muft needs copulat and mix : Infomuch, that I be¬ lieve there is yet remaining in wales many of the Roman race, and divers in Italy of theB rittijh. Amongft other refemblan- ces, one was in their profody, and vein of verfifying, or ri¬ ming, which is like our Bards , who hold agnominations,'and enforcing of confonant words or fyllables, one upon the other, to be the greateft elegance : As for example in mljh, Tmgris to - dyrristfr dtrrin gwillt, fee. So I have feen divers old rimes in Italian running fo ; Doane-, 0 Danno, che Febo affronto ajjronta : In felva faivo a me Fin caro dam, fee. Being lately in Boms amongft other Pafquils I met with one that was againft the Scot, though it had fom gawl in’t yet it had a great deal of wit, fpecially towards the conclufion: So that I think if King James faw it, he would but laughat it. As I remember fom years fmce,ther was a veryabufive Satyr in Vers brought to our King: and as the paflages were a reading before him, he often faid, That if there were no more men in Ragland, the rogue fhould hang for it : at laft being com to the conclufion, which was (afterallhis railing) Kow God pnferve tie King, the Queen the Peers, And grant the Author long may wear his Rars. This pleas’d His Majeftie fo well, that he broke into a laugh¬ ter, and fait}, By myfol fo thou [halt for me : Thou art a bitter; but thou art a witty Knave. When you write to Monmutbfbire, I pray fend my refpefts to my Tutor, Mafter Moor Fortune, and my fervice to Sir Charles Williams : and according to that relation which was’twixt uS in Oxford, I reft Tw mpantSontoferveyoii,' • Naples, 8. Oitob, ■ 1621, ■ J.H. XU. ft Familiar Letters. XLI. To Sir J.C. from Florence. SIX, t p r C0 'f e i 5 ^kifs your hands from fair Florence, a r h •’ thac , ch „ e -8 reac Emperourf cbarls the fiftV , andfimonel, ufon Holidays. r ° U - fly forthwith/Buildings, with Wealth and Arcifans for it is thought that in Serges, which is but one com- = y V the r aremade CW0 m ' !Iions evr Y year : All degrees of people live here not onely well, but fplendidly well, notwith- ftanding the_mamfold exaftions of the Duke, upon all things, f ° r ," on , e “j 1 T here lands or Houfes,buc he muft pay eight, h,?hl hU rt dred u 0the P uke: none can hire or build a houfe i ? i pay t , endl P enn y»none can marry, or commence a fuite m Law, but ther’s a Fee to the Duke ;none can bring as tWin ^ Egg 0r SaU . ec w the Markec > b « *e Duke hath /hare oienn: Moreover, Ligorn, which is the Key of Tufcany, being a Mariam, and a great Mercantil Town, hath mightily nr ch’d Ins countrey by beinga Frank Port toall comers, and a fife ^“ de /°“ “ P /r at s> ® well as to merchants. Add hereunto, ^e nimfelfin fomrefpeft is a merchant, for he fom- S £ r??i? rnoftheCo? n 1 rey> and retails it at rate hejpIeafeth.ThB enables the Duke to have perpetually 20000. men mroll d, train’d up, and payed,' and none but they ^n Ca U yAr T S 5 be to* 400. Light-Horfein conftant pay. and 3t £ rit | s be ^ es » and all thefe quartered in fo narrow wu Pa ’ „ , he , an com| nand them all to Florence in twenty ^^ fth “^^ vc „- Gaffies > TO0 Galeons > a "d Ga- £« befid “> and his Galhes, are call’d the black Fleet, becaufe tney annoy the Turk more m the bottom of the Straits, then any other. rwlk? “ ls , bou " dt ? kee .P § 00(1 quarter with the Pope,more 2 ? M hers ’ for a11 T «fany is fenc’d by Nature her felf, I mean with Mounains, except towards the Territories oftheApofto- hc Sia, and the su it felf, therfore is is'call’d a CouLyof Ji!f P 1 ^ Palaceds fo fpacious, thatitoccupieththe Room as* leaft: y« though his Court furpaffcth the SvtS 51 “ r f,? h ? th J noc tothe Magnificence of a andhe'anw m P ^ as [ oUlclted tomakethe gran Dukea King, 1 « r y That ,. he was content he A»uld be King in Tof- cur.y, not of Tofcany ; wherupon one of his Councellors replied, That Vol. i. Familiar Letterf 59 That it was a more glorious thing to be a gran Duke, then a petty King. Among other Cities which I defir’d to fee in Italy, G&mi yas one wlier [ lately was,and found her to be the proudeft for buil¬ dings of any I met withall ,yet the people go the plained: of any other,and are alfo mod parfimonious in their diet: they are the fubtilled, I will not fay the mod fubdolous dealers: they are wonderfull wealthy fpeciaily in Money : In the year 1600: the King of Sp tin, owed them eighteen millions, and they fay it is double as much now. From the time they began to finger the Indian Gold,and that this Town hath bin the Stall by which he hath conveyed his. Treafureto Flanders, fince the Wars in the Netherlands for the fupport of his Armies, and that (he hath got fom.priviledgesfor the exportation of Wools, and other commodities, prohibited' to others out o( S/u/«,(he hath improved extremly in riches and made Saint Georges Mount fwell higher then Saint Marks in Ve¬ nice. She hath bin often ill favouredly (liaken by the Venetian finde hath had other enemies, which have put her to hard (hifts for her own defence,fpeciaily in the time of Lewis the eleventh o£ Frances which time,when (he would have given her felf up to, him for protection,King Kew/rbeing told that Genoa was content to be his,he anfwer’d \fhe Ibtwld not be his longfor he would give her up to the devil,and rid. his hands of her. Indeed the Genowaieshave not the Fortune to be fo wcllbe- Iov’d,as other people in Italy, which proceeds I believe from their cunningnes, and over-reaching in barganings, wherin they have fomething of the Jew. The Duke is there but Biennial, being chang’d every two years': He"hath fifty Germans for his Guard: there be four Centurions that have two men a piece, which upon occafion attends the Signory abroad, in Veluet Coats :ther be eight chief Governours, and 400. Councellours, amongft whom ther be five Soverain Syndics, who have autho¬ rity to cenfure the Dukehimfelf, his time being expir’d, and punifii any Governour elfe, though after death, upon the Heir. Amongft other cuftomes they have in that Town,one is, that none muft carry a pointed knife about him, which makes ihe Hollander, who is us’d toS»/£ and S»fe,to leave his Horn-ihesrh and knife a Shipboard when he comes a fhbre.: I meet not with an Englishman in all the Town: nor could I learn of any Fatter of ours that ever refided ther. Theris a notable little aftive Republic towards the midftof , Tofcanj 60 Familiar Letters. Vol i. TofcanysaATALuca,. which in regard fhe is under the Emperours Protection, he dares not meddle withal!, though /he lie as a Partridg under a Faulcons Wings in relation to the gran Duke; befides ther is another reafonof the State,' why he meddles not with her,becaufe/he is more beneficial unto him now that /he is free,and more indu/lrious for fupport this freedom ,then if fhe werbecom his vafial; fcr then it is probable,/he would grow more carelefs and idle, and fo could not vent his commodities fo foon, which fhe buyes for ready money, wherin moft of her wealth confifts:Ther is no State that winds the penny more nim¬ bly and makestjuicker returns, Sne hath a Councell call’d the Vifcoli ,which pryes into the pro- feflion and life of every one,and once a year they rid the State of all Vagabonds: So that this petty pretty Republic, may not be improperly paraUeH’dtoa Hive of Bees, which have been al- wayes the emblems of induftry and order. In this fplendid City of Florence, ther be many rarities,which if I fhouldinfert in this Letter, it would make her fwell too big, and indeed they are fitter for Parol Communication. Here is the prime dialed of the Italian fpoken,though the pronuntiation be a little more guttural,thcnthatof Siena,wA that of the Court of Rome, which occafionsthe Proverb, LingitaTofcana inboca Romand, The Tofcane tounge founds befl in a Roman mouth. The peeple here generally feem to be more generous and of a higher comportment then elfe-wherc,very cautious and circum- fpeft in their negotiation; whence arifeth the Proverb. Chi ha da far con Tofco, Non bifogna chi Jta L ofco. ivho dealeth with a Florentine Mn(l have the ufe of both his Efn I fhall bid Italy farewell now very fliortly, and make my way ore the Alp to France,mA fo home by Gods grace, to take a re¬ view of my friends in England, among!! whom,the fight of your felf will be as gladfome to me, as of any other, for 1 profefs my felf, and purpofe to be ever Jour thrice ajfefiionat Florence Novemb, 1621. fervitor, J. H. nsr ■ To Capt. Francis Bacon, from Turin. Sir, I Am now upon the point of fhaking hands with ftz/yyforlain com to Turin ,haring already feenKewcethe rich, Fadua the learned. Vol. i. Familiar Letters. 6t learned, Bologna the fat, Bonn the holy, Naples the gentle, Genoa j the proud, Florence the fair, and Milan the great,from this lalt, / I came hither,& in that Cityalfo appears the Grandeur of Spains Monarchy very much f The Tjovernour'of Milan is alwayes Captain Generalof theCalvalry to the King of Spain thorowout Italy : The Duke of Feria is now Governour, and being brought to kifs his hands, he us’d me with extraordinary refpeCt, as he doth all of our Nation, being by the maternall fide a Dormer. The Spaniard entertains ther alio 3000 Foot, 1000 Light-Horfe- and 600 men at Arms in perpetuall pay * fo that I believe the benefit of that Dutchy alfo,though feated in the richefl Soylof Italy, hardly Countervailes the charge. Three things are ad¬ mir’d in Milan, the Dome or great Church C built all of white Marble, within and without, ) the Hofpitall,andthe Caltle, by which the Cittadel of Antwerp was trac’d, and is the belt condi¬ tion’d Fortrelfe of Chriltendom.-Though Nova Talma a late For- trefs of the Venetian would go beyond it, which is built accor¬ ding to the exaCt Rules of the moll modern Enginry,being of a round form with nine Bullions,and a llreet level to evry Baltioir. The Duke of Savoy, though he pafs for one of the Princes of Italy yet the Ieaft part of his Territories lie ther, being fquan- der’d up and down amongft the Alps, but as much as he hath in Italy, which is Vitmont, is a well peopled, and palling good Countrey. The Duke of Savoy Manuel, is accounted to be of the-Anci¬ ent’ll and purelt extraction of any Prince in -Europe, and his Knights alfo of the Anunciade, to be one of the ancient’ll Orders* though this prefent Duke be little in Stature ,yet is he of a lofty fpirit;and one of the belt Souldiers now living-,and though he be valiant enough, yet he knows how to patch the Lions-lkin with ■ a Fox tail : and whofoever is Duke of Savoy had need be cun¬ ning,and more then any other Prince, in regard that lying be¬ tween two potent Neighbours, the French and thtSpaniard, he mull comply with both. Before I wean my felf from Italy, a word or two touching the genius of the Nation. I find the Italian a degree higher in com¬ plement then the French, he is longer and more grave in the de¬ livery of it, and more prodigal of words, infomuch, that if one wer to be worded to death, Italians is the fittell Language in re¬ gard of the fluency and foftnefs of it: for throughout the whole body of it, you have not a word ends withaconfonanr, except fom few Monofyllable Conjunctions and prepofitions, and this renders the Speech more fmooth;which made one fay, 1 That when ^heconfujion of tonngs happen'd at the building of tbs Tower of Ba- 61 Familiar Letters. ■ VoL *t bel^fttie Italian had been ther, Ximrod had made him a Plaifter- cr/They are generally indulgent of themfelves,and great embra- /cers of pleafure,which may. proceed from the lufeious rich Wines and luxurious food, Fruits and Roots, wherewith the Countrey abounds-, Infomuch, that in fom places. Nature may be faidto . be L enafui, A Baud to berfilf, The Cardinal de Medici's R ulc, is'of much authority amongft them, Tbit tber is no Religion tinder theNavell. And feme of them are of opinion of the Ajians, ■who hold that touching thofe naturall palfions, defires, and mo¬ tions, which run up and down in the blood, God Almighty and his hand-Maid Nature, did not intend they fliould beatorment to ns, but tobe us’d with comfort and delight. To conclude, in Italy ther be Firtutes magn.t, me minora Vitia , Great virtues,and nb lefs vices, Sowithatenderofmy moftaffeftionat refpefts unto you, I reft Tour most humble fervitor , Turin, 30. Novemb. j. H. ““ xlTiT To Sir J. H- from Lions SIR, I Am now got ore the Alps,and return’d to France-, I had crofs’d andclammer’dupthe Pyreneans to Spain before, they are not fo high and hideous as the Alps but for our Mountains in mles, as Eppiat and P enwinmaur, which are fo much cry’d up amongft us, they are Mole-bills in companion of thefe, they are but Pigmys compar’d to Giants, but billers compar’d to Impoft- v.mes, or Pimples to inns: Bcfides our Mountains in mles bear alwaies fomenting ufefull to man or beaft, fom grafs at lead; but thefe uncouth huge monftrousexcrefcences of Nature, bear no- thing(moft of themibut craggy ftones.The Tops of fom of them arc blanch’d over all the year long with Snows,and the people wito dwell in the Valleys drinking for want of other this Snow- tvater, are fubjeft to a ftrange dwelling in the Throat, called Goytrt, which is common amongft them. As I fcal’dthe Alps,my thoughts refte&ed upon Hannibal, who with Finegar and Strong-Haters, did eat out a paffage through thofe Hills, butoflateyeers they have found a fpeedierway to do it by Gunpowder. Being at Turin, I was by fome difafter brought to an extreme low ebb in money ,fo that I was forc’d to foot it along with fom Pilgrims, and with gentle pace and eafie journeys, to clime up thole Hills till I came to this Town of Lions , wiser a Gouutrey- Vol, i Familiar Letters. 63 man of ours,one Mr. Liwir, whom I knew in Allan t lives Faft- or, fo that now I want not any thing for my accomodation. This isa /lately rich Town,anda renowned Marc'for the Silks of Italy, and other Levantin commodities, and a great Bank for money, and indeed the greatefl of France ; before this Bank was founded, which was by Henry the firft, France had but little Gold and Silver,infomuch,that we read how King John their Captive King,could not in four years raife fixty thoufand Crowns to pay his Ranfom to our King Edward, and Saint Lewis was in the fame cafe when he was prifoner in Egypt, wher he had left the Sacrament for a gage but after this Bank was erefted, it fill’d France full of Money ; they of Luca, Florence, and Genoa, with the Venetian, got quickly over the Hills, and brought their moneys hither to get twelve in the hundred profit, which wasthe in- terefl at firft, though it be now much lower. In this great Mercantil Town,ther be two deep navigable Rivers the Rhone and the Sow, the one hath a fwift rapid cours, the other flow and fmooth;And one day as I walk’d upon their Banks,and obferv’dfo much difference in their cours, I fell into a contemplation of the humours of the French and SpaniardJiovi they might be not improperly compar’d to thefe Rivers; the French to the fwift, the Spaniard to the flow River. I fhall write you no more Letters untill I prefent my felf unto you for a fpeaking Letter,which I fhall do as foon as I may tread London Hones. Tour m(l affeftionat fervitor, Lions. 6 . tfovemb . 1621. J. H -- XU^ To Mr. Tho. Bowyer,/row Lions. T) Being fo near theLake of Geneva,curiofity would carry any JL) one to fee it;The Inhabitants of that Town methinks are made of another pafte differing from the affable nature of thofe people I had convers’d withal formerly; they have one policy, left that their pretty Republic fhould be pefter’d with fugitives, thier Law is, 7 hat what flrangerfoever flies thither for fanifnary,he is pimijhable there, in the fame degree, as in the countrey where hi committed the ofl'ence. Geneva is govern’d by four Syndics, and four hundred Sena¬ tors : She lies like a Bone twixt three Maftiffs,the Emperor,the French King,and the Duke of Savoy, they all three look upon the Bone,but neither of them dare touch it fingly,for fear the other two would flie upon him. But they fay the Savoyard hath the jufteft Title, for ther are Imperial Records extant, That although the 64 familiar Letters. Vol i. the Bifhops of Geneva were Lords Spiritual and Temporal, 'yet they \hould acknowledgthe Duke of Savoy for their Superiour;This man’s Anceftors went frequently to the" Town,and the Keys wer prefendy tender’d to him.But fince Calvin's time, who had bin once banifh’djand then call’d in again, which made him to apply that fpeech unto himfelf, ftone which the builders refifed, is be¬ am the bead-flom of the corner: I fay, fince they were refin’d by Calvin, they feem to fhun and fcorn all the world befides,being call as it were into another mould,which hath quite alter’d their very natural difpofition in point of Moral Society. Before I part with this famous City of Lions, I will relate un¬ to yo u a wonderful ftrange accident that happen’d here not ma¬ ny years ago : Ther is an Officer called Le chevalier da Gnet (which is a kind of Night-guardjhere as-well as in Paw,and his Lieutenant call’d Japette, having fupp’d one night in a rich Mer¬ chants houfe, as he was palling the round afterwards, he faid, I wonder what I have eaten and drunken at the Merchants houfe, for I find my felf fo hot, that if 1 met with the Divels Dam to night, I fhould not forbear ufng of her: hereupon,a little after he overtook a young Gentlewoman mask’d, whom he would needs ulher to her Lodging, but difeharg’d all his Watch, except two : flie brought him, to his thinking, to a little low lodging hard by the City Wall, wher ther wer onely two Rooms: after he had enjoyed her,he defir’d, that, according to the cuftom of French Gentlemen, his two Camerads might partake alfo of the lame pleafure ■, fo fhe admitted them one after the other: And when all this was done, as they fat together, fhe told them, if they knew well,who (he was,none of them would have ventur’d upon hcr,therupon (lie whiflcl’d three times, and all vanilh’d: The next morning, the two Souldiers; that had gone with Lieutenant Jaquettt were found dead under the City"Wall, among!! the or¬ dure and excrements, and Jaqnette himfelf a little way off half dead, who was taken up,and coming to himfelf again, confefs’d all this, but dyed prefently after. The next week I am to go down the Loire towards Paris, and thence as foon as I can for England, wher among!! the reft of my frends, whom I fo much long to fee after this Triennial fepara- tion,you are like to be one of my firft Objefts; In the mean time, I wilh the famehappines may attend you at home, as I defire to attend me homeward j for I am - _ Truly yoursj Lions, $. Deceinb. J. H. 1 ( 521 . familiar Self. 2 . Familiar Letters. 65 Familiar LETT E%S, SeSion. II. To my Father. * IK ' * I T hath pleafed God afteFalmofl three years peregrination by Land and Sea, to bring me back fafely to London-, but although I am come fafdy, I am com fickly: for when I landed in Venice, after fo long a Sea-Voyage from Spain, I was afraid the fame defluxion of fait rheum which fell from my Temples into my Throat in 0.v/brvf,and diflilling upon the ima. impeached my utterance a little to this day, had found the fame channel again, which caufedmeto have an Iffue made 1 in my left arm for the diverfton of the humour. I was well ever after till f camera Raven, and there I fell Tick of a pain in the head, which, with the Ifue, I have carrid miff me to FjiglanJ.Vodor Harvy who is my Phy fician, tells tnc, that it may turn to a Confumption,thcrfore he hath flopped the IlTite,telling nie there is no danger at all in it, in regard I hai'C not worn it a full twelvemonth: My Brother, I thank him hath bin very care- full of me in this my ficknes, and hath come often to vjfitme: I thank God I have pafs’d the brunt of it,and am recovering, and picking up my crums apace-There is a flaunting French AmbalTa- der com over lately, and I believe his errand is nought elfe but Complement, for the King of Francs being lately at Calais, and fo in fight of England, he fenthis Ambaitador Monfieur Cii’-net exprefly to viut our Kingjie had audience two days fracc, wlier lie with his train of ruffling long-hair’dMonfieurs,carried himfelf in fucli a light garb, that after the audience, the King afk’d my Lord Keeper Eaeon what he thought of the French Ambafador’; lie anfwer’d,that he was a tall proper man •, I, his Maejffy reply- cd,biit what think you of his head-pecce ? is he a proper man for the Office of an Ambaffador ? Sir, faidBuw/j ’Fall men are li\s high Houfes of ft,nr or jive Stories, wherein commonly the nppermojt room is.mrll fiirnilhed. So defiring my brothers and fillers,with the reft of my cofens E . and 66 Familiar Letters. Sett.i, and frends in the Countrey, may be acquainted with my fafe re¬ turn to England, and that you would pleafe to let me hear from you by the next conveniency, I reft, lour dutiful Son Lond. 2 Febr. 1621. j. H. I I. To Rich. Altham Efa at Norberry. S Alvt pars animat dimidiata meat ; Hail half my foul, my deaf Dicf, &c. I was no fooner returned to the fweet bofom of England ,& had breath’d the fmoak of this Town,but my me¬ mory ran fuddenly on you,the idea of you hath ahnoft ever fince fo fill’d up and ingrofs’d my imagination, that I can think on no¬ thing elfe,the love of you fwells both in my breaft and brain with fuch a pregnancy that nothing can deliver me of this violent high palfion but the light of you: Let me defpair if I lyc,ther was ne¬ ver femal long’d more after any thing by reafon of her growing embryon,than I do for your prefence:Therfore I pray you make hafte to fave my longing, and Tantalise me no longer, (’tis but three hours riding')for the fight of you will be more precious to me then any one Objctt Ihavefeen,(and I havefeen many rare ones} in all my three years Travel $ and if you take this for a Complement (bccaufe I am newly com from France) you are much nuftaken in Lond. i.Ffcbr.ifar. Tour ]. H. III. To*D. Caldwall Efq - , at Batterfay. M Y dear Van. Iam com atlaftto London, but not without fom danger, and through divers difficulties, for I fell fick in France, and cam fo over to Kent ■, And my journey from the Sea fide hither,was more tedious to me than from Rome to Roam, where 1 grew firft indifpofed;and in good faith, I cannot remem¬ ber any thing to this hour how I came from Gravefend hither, I was fo ftupified, and had loft the knowledg of all things: But I am com to my felf indifferently well fince,I thank God for it,and you cannot imaginliow much the fight of you, much more your fociety,would, revive me: your prefence would be a Cordial unto me more reftorative then exalted Gold, more precious than the powder of Pearl, wherasyour abfence if it continue long,'will prove unto me like the duff of Diamonds, which is incurable poy- fon : I pray be not accefiary to my death, but haften to comfort your fo long weather-beaten frend, Lond.Fcb.i.tfitW: Tours }. H. IV. It Sc&. 2. Familiar Letters . 67 IV. To S/V James Crofts, at the L. Darcy’s. *'«S.OGth. S I R, I am got again fafely this fide of the Sea, and though I was in a very fickly cafe when I firfi: arriv’d,yet thanks be to God I am upon point of perfeft recovery,whereunto the fucking - in of EngU\h air,& the fight of fom fiends conduc’d not a little. Ther is fearful news com from Germany ; you know how the Bohemians fhook off the Emperors yoak,and how the great Coun¬ cell of Prague fell to fuch a hurly burly, that fom of the Imperial Counfeilors were hurl’d out at the windows, you heard alfo, I doubt not, how they offer’d the Crown to the Duke of Saxony, and he waving it they fent AmbalTadors to the Palfgrave, whom they thought might prove par mgotio, & to be able to go through- flitch with the work,in regard of his powerful alliance,the King, of great Brittain being his Father-in-law,the King of Denmark, the Prince of Orenge, die Marq. of Brandenburg,the Duke of Bovillon his Uncles,the States of Holland his Confederates,the French King his fiend,and the Duke of Bavaria, his near allye: The Prince V allgrave made fome difficulty at firfi,and mod of his Counfeilors oppofed it,others incited him to it,and amongft other hortatives, they told him, That if he hid the courage to venture upon a King of Englands foie Daughter,he might very well venture upon a .Soveraigri, Crown when it was tendred him. Add hereunto that die States of Holland did mainly advance the work,and ther was good reafon in policy for itfor their twelve years Truce-being then upon point of expiring with Spain,-md. finding cur jjHLfo wedded to Peace, that nodiing.could divorce him from it*n^ppfi t ' L 4 upon this defign to make him draw his Sword,and engage mm againfi: the Houfe of Ajiflria for the defence of his foie Daughter,and his Gran-Children. What his Majefty will do hereafter,! will not prefume to foretell,but hitherto he hath given little countenance to the bufines,nay he utterly mifliked it firfi; for wheras Do¬ ctor Hall gave the Prince Palfgrave the Tide of King of Bohemia in his Pulpit-Prayer,he had a check for his pains-,for I heard his Majefty Ihould lay, That ther is an implicit tie amongft Kings, which obligeth them,though ther be no other intereft or particu¬ lar engagement to ftick unto, and right one another upon infur- reftion of Subjects Therefore he had more reafon to be againfi the Bohemians, then to adhere to them in the depofition of their Soveraign Prince : The King of Denmark lings the fame note. - nor will he alfo allow him the appellation of King. Eut the fear¬ ful news I told you of at the beginning of this Letter is, that (58 Familiar Letters. Se$. 2. ther are frefh tidings brought how the Prince Faifgm; had a well appointed Army of about 25000 horfc and foot near Prague, but the Duke of Bavaria came with fcarce half the number, and not- withftanding his Ions march, gave him a fudden Battel, and ut¬ terly routed them;in(omuch that the new King of Bohemia having not worn the Crown a whole twelvemonth,was forc’d to tiie with his Queen and children: and after many difficulties they write, that they are com to the Caflle of Ca\lrein, the Duke of Branden¬ burg's Country his Uncle: This news affedts both Court and City here with much heavinefs. I fend you my humble thanks for the noble correfuondence you pleafed to hold with me abroad,and I defire to know by the next,when you come to London, that I may have the comfort of the fight of you, after fo long an abfence. March thi 1. n 5 ip. four trueServitor,].V„ V. To Dr. Fr. Manfel, at All-Souls Oxford. I Am returned fafe from my forain employment,from my three, years travel, I did my bed to make what advantage I could of the time.though not fo much as I fhould; for I find that Peregri¬ nation (well us’d) is a very profitable fchool, it is a running Aca¬ demy, and nothing conduceth more to the building up and per- fefting of a man. Your honourable Uncle Sir Robert -Manfel who is nowin the,Mediterranean hath bin very notable to me,& I (hall ever acknojwMlfe a good part of my education from him. He hath riieltecfva]^ ums of money in the glafs bufines. a bufines indecU-r.,^.^ proper for a Merchant,then a Courtier.I heard the King fiiould fay,that he wondred Robin Manfel being a Sea-man, wherby lie hath got fo much honour, fhould fall from water to tamper with Fire, which are two contrary Elements •, My Father fears that this glafs employment will be too brittle a foundation for me to build a Fortune upon, and Sir Robert being now at my coming back fo far at Sea, and his return uncertain : my Father hath advifed me to hearken after font other condition. I attemp¬ ted to go Secretary to Sir John /lyres to Conjlantimple, but I came too late: You have got your felfa great deal of good re¬ pute by the voluntary refignationyou made of the principality of Jefns Colledge, to Sir Enbnle Fbeloalt, in hope that he will be a con-, fiderable benefaftor to it: I pray God he perform what he pro- mifeth,and that he be not over-partial to North-mles men. Now that I givey ou the firft (innmon,I pray you make me happy with your correfpondence by Letters,ther is no excufe or impediment Sett. 2. Familiar Letters. 69 at ail left now, for you are fure whe re to find me, wheras I was a Lmdlopr as the Dutch-man faith, a wanderer,and fubjeft to i'n- certain removes, and fhort fojourns in divers places before. So with apprecation of all happincs to you here and hcreafter;I red, March 5.1018. At your friendly difpoje,]. H. VI. To Sir Eubule Thcloal Knight y and Principal of Jefus Coll, in Oxford. Q I R, I fend you mod due and humble thanks, that notwirh- o (landing I have played the Truant, and beenabfcntfolong from Ox ford, you have bin pleas’d lately to make clioice of me to be Fellow of your new Foundation in Jefis Colledge, wherofl was once a member; as the quality of my Fortunes,and cours of life run now,I cannot make prefent-ufe of this your great favour, or promotion rather,yet I do highly value it, and humbly accept of it,and intend,by your permiflion,toreferve and lay it by,as a good warm garment againd rough weather ifany fall on me:with this my expreffion of thankfulnes, I do congratulate the great honour you have purchas’d both by your o .vn beneficence, & by your painful endeavor befides, to perfedr that National Colledge, which hereafter is like to be a Monument of your Fame as well as a Seminary of Learning, and will perpetuat your memory to all Poderitie. God Almightly profper and perfeft your undertakings,and pro¬ vide for you in heaven thole rewards which fugj* public works of Piety ufe to be crown’d withal; it is the apprecation of Tour truly devoted Servitor, J. H. London , idibus Alar. 1S21. VII. To my Father. S IR, according to the advice you fc'nt me in your lad, while I fought after a new cours of employment,a new employment hath lately fought after me; my Lord sSage hath two young Gentlemen to his fons, and I am to go travel with them: Sir Janus crofts (who fo much refpefts you) was the main Agent in this bufines,and I am to go ihbrtly to Long Ate!ford in SnjfolfanA thence to Saint Oftb in" Efj'ex to the Lord Darcy, 'Queen Anne is lately dead of a Dropfie ill Drssar^houfc,which is held to be one of the fatal events that followed the lad fearful Comet that rofe in the tail of the Condellation of Virgo ,which fome ignorant Adronomers that write of it, would fix in the heavens, and that 70 Familiar Letters. , Sett. i. as far above the Orb of the Moon ,as the Moon is from the earth: but this is nothing in comparifon of tliofe hideous fires that are kindled in Germany blown fird by the Bohemians, which is like to be a war without end ;for the whole houfeof Anflria isinterefi’d in the quarrel, and it is not the cudom of that Houfe to fit by any affront,or forget it quickly .Queen Anne left a world of brave Jewels behind, but one Piero an oudandilh man who had the keeping of them embeazled many, & is run away ; fhe lefc all fiie. had to Prince Charles, whom' fhe ever loved bell of all her chil¬ dren,nor do I hear of any Legacy fhe leftatall to her daughter in Germany ; for that match fom fay lelfened fomthing of her affecti¬ on towards her ever fince, fo that fhe would often call her goodly Palfgrave ,nor could fhe abide Secretary Winwood ever after,who was one of the chiefed infiruments to bring that match about,as alfo for the rendition of the cautionary Tow ns in the Low-cw.n- tries Fluffing and Br///,with the FammaIJns. I was lately with Sir John miter and others of your Councel about Law-bufinefs, and fom of them told me that Mailer J. Lloyd your adverlary, is one of the fhrevvdell Sollicitors in all the thirteen fibres of wales, being fo habituated to Lavv-futes and wrangling, that he knows any the leaffc darting hole in every Court: I could wilh you had made a fair end with him,for befides the cumber & trouble,fpe- cially to thofe that dwell at fuch a huge didance from n’effiin(hr- liall as you do, Law is a flirewd pickpurs, and the Lawyer as I heard one fay wittily not long fince, is like a ckriffiaffe-box, which is fitre to git.whofoever lofetb. So with the continuance of my due and daily prayers for your health,with my love to my brothers and fiders, I red, March, 20,1621. Tour dutiful Son, J. H. Vllf. To Dan. Caldwal Efq,from the Lord Savages jfbttfe in ^ong-Melford. My dear D. HpHough confidering my former condition oflife I may now be JL called a Countrey-man, yet you cannot call me Rudic, (as you would imply in your Letter) as long as I live in fo civil and noble a Family, as long as I lodginfo vertuousand regular a Houfe as any I believe in the Land both for otconoraical govern¬ ment,and the choice company, for I never faw yet fuch a dainty Race of Children in all my life together, I never faw yet fuch an Seft. 2. Familiar Letters. 71 orderly and punctual attendance offervants, nor a great Houfe fo neatly kept 5 here one fiiall fee no dog, nor a cat,nor cage to caufe any naftines within the body of the Houfe: The Kitchin and gutters and other offices of noifeand drudgery are at the fag-end, ther’s a back-gate for beggars and the meaner fort of fwains to com in at: The {tables butt upon the Park, which tor a cheerful rifing ground, for groves and browfings for the Deer, for rivulets of water may compare with any of itsbignes in-the whole land 5 it is oppofue to the front of the great Houfe, whence from the Gallary one may fee much of the game when they are hunting.Now for the Gardning and coflly choice flow¬ ers,for ponds, for {lately large walks green and gravelly, for or¬ chards and choice fruits of all forts, ther are few the like in Eng¬ land : here you have your bon chrifliin piear and Bergamot in per- le£tion,your Mnfcadel grapes in fuch plenty that ther are foin bot¬ tles of wine fent every year to the King: and one Mr. Daniel a worthy Gendeman hard by, who hath bin long abroad, makes good {lore in his vintage. Truly this Houfe of Long-Melfird though it be not fo gteat, yet it is fowell compaftedand contri¬ ved with fuch dainty conveniencies everyway, that if you law die Landskip of it, you would be mightily taken with it, and it would ferve for a choice pattern to build and contrive a houfe by; If you come this fummer to your Mantior of Sheriff iaEffex, you will not be far off hence: if your occafions will permityit will be worth your coming hither, though it be onelytofeehim, who would think it a (liort journy to go from Saint Davids head to ■ Dover cliffs to fee and ferve you,wer ther occafion: if you. would know who the fame is; ’tis Tour J. H. 20 Mar. 1621. IA. To Robert Brown EJquire. SIB, '~T'Han$sfor one curtefie,is a good uffer to bring on another, Thcr- & fore it is my policy at this time to thank you mofl heartily for your late copious Letter to draw on a fecond: I fay, I thank you a thoufand times over for yours of the third of this prefent, which abounded with fuch variety of news, and ample well- couch’d relations, that I made many frends by it; yet I am forry for the quality of fom of your news, that Sir Robert Manfil being now in the Mediterranean with a confiderable naval ftrength of ours againft the Moors, to do the Spaniard a .pleafure, Marquis Spinola fhould ina boglrng way, change his Mafter for the time. 72 Familiar Letters. Sect. 2. and taking commiflion from the Empcrour,becom his fcrvant for invading the Palatimt with the forces of the King of Sp.:in,in the Netherlands : I am forry alfo tiie Princes of the union fhould he fo flupid as to fuffer him to tak cOppenheim by a Parthian kind of back ftratagcm,in appearing before the Town, and making femblancc afterwards to go for harms ,and tlien perceiving the f orces ofthe United Princes to go for fuccouring of that,to turn back and take the town he intended firlT,wherby I fear he will be quickly maflcr of the reft. Surely I believe ther may be fome treachery in’t, and that the Marquis of /totar^thc General was orecom oy pt- ftols made of Indian ingots, rather then of fteel,clfe an Army of 40000. which he had under his command might have made its party good agatiift Sfniol as idle then 2000. though never fuch choice Veterans, but what will not gold do ? it will make a Pig- mey too hard for a Gyant,tiler’s no fence or fortrefs agair.il an Afs laden with Gold .-,\t was the faying you know of His Father,whom partial and ignorant Antiquity cryes up to have conquered the World,and that lie figh’d thenver no more Worlds to conquer, though he had never one of the three old parts of the then known World entirely to himfelf, I defire to know what is becom of that handful of men his Majefty fent to Germany under Sir Horace Vere, which he was bound to do as he is one of the Proteftant Princes of theunionjand what’s become of Sir Arthur Chicbeflcr who is gon Ambaffador to thofe parts. Dear Sir, I pray make me happy ftill with your Letters,it is a mighty pleafure for us Countrey folks to here how matters paiTe in London and abroad : you know I have not the opportunity to correfpond with you in like kind,but may happily hereafter when the tables are turn’d,when I am in London,and you in the Weft, •wheras you are defirous to hear how it fares with me,I pray know that I live in one of the nobleft Ho'ufes, and beft Air of England: Ther is a dainty Park adjoyning wher I often wander up and down,and I have my feveral walks. I make one toreprefent the Royal Exchange, the other the middle Ifle of Paul’ s, another, jrejhmlter-Hall ■, and when I paiTe through th’herd of Deer me- thinks I am in Cbeapjide. So with a full return of the fame mea- fure of love, as you pleas’d to fetid me, I reft 2 j..Martii. 162J. lours, ]. H. * = £ To R. Altham Efquire, from Saint Ofith. SIR, J lfe it felf is not fo dear unto me as your friend/hip, nor Ver- ■ tuc- in her beft colours as precious as your love, yvliich was ' , lately sS. 2. Familiar Letters. 75 lately fo livlv pourcraied unto me in yours of the fifth of this pre- fimtiMethinks your Letter was like a peice of TiiTue richly em- brodcr’d with rare flowers up and down, with curious reprefen-' rations, and Landfkips : Albeit I have as much fluff as you of this kind ( I mean matters of love J yet I want fuch a Loom to V ark it upon, I cannot draw it to fuch a curious web ; therfore you muftbe content with homely l’olldavie ware from me, for ' you mult not expeft from us Countrey folks fuch urbanities,and quaint invention,that you,who are daily converfant with the wits of the Court,and of the Inns of Court, abound withal!. Touching your intention to travel beyond the Seas the next Spring,and the intimation you make how happy you would be in my company ; I let you know, that I am glad of the one, and much thank you for the other,and will think upon it, but I can¬ not refolve yet upon any thing. I am now here .at the Earl Ri¬ vers, a noble and great knowing Lord, who hath feen much of the World abroad ; My Lady Savage his Daughter is alfo here with divers of her children : I hope this Hilary Term to be merry in London, andamongfl others to re-enjoy your converfation prin¬ cipally,for I efleem the fociety of no foul upon Earth more then yours: till then I bid you farwell, and as the feafon invites me, I wifii you a merry Chriftmas, refling roars while Decern. 20.1 5 :1. Jam. Howel. XI. To Captain Tho. Porter upon return from hlgicr-voyage, Wole Captain, I Congratulat your fafe return from the S freights, but am forty you were fo (ireightned in your Commiffion,that you could not attempt what fuch a brave naval power of 2o.mcn of War,fuch a gallant General and other choice, knowing Commanders might have performed, if they had had line enough; I know the light- nefs and nimblcneis of Algier fhips. When I lived lately in Mi- cant and other places upon the Mediterranean, we fliould every wee khear fom of them chas’d, but very feldom taken; for a great fhip following one of them, maybe faid to be asa Mafliff dog running after a hare 5 1 wonder the Spaniard came fliort of the promifed fupply for furtherance of that notable adventurous defign,youhad to fire the fhips and Gallics in Mgienoad ; And according to the relation you pleated to fend me,it was cue of the bravcfl enterprifes, & had prov’d fuch a glorious exploit, that no 74 Familiar Letters. Se&. 2. dory could have parellel’d; but it fecms their Hoggics,Magitians and Maribots, were tampring with the ill fpirit of the Air all the while,which brought down fucha dill cataraft of rain waters fuddenly upon you to hinder the working of your fire-works;fuch a di fader the ftorv tells us befell chirks the Empcrour, but far worfe than yours, for he loft fhips and multitudes of men, who wer made (laves, but you came off with lolTe of eight men only, and Algier is another gets thing now, than Ihewas then, being I believe a hundred degrees ftronger by Land and Sea,and for the latter lirength we may thank our Countreyman ward, and Danf- the butterbag Hollander, which may be faid to have bin two of the fatalled & mod infamous men that ever cirrijlaidom bred; for the one taking all Englifhmen,ou& the other all Vutchnm, and bringing the Ships and Ordnance to Algier, they may be faid to have bin the chief Rayfers of thofe Picaroons to be Pirats,which are now com to that height of ftrengtli, that they daily endam- mage and affront all Chrijiendom. When I confider all the cir- cumdances and fuccefie of this your voyage,when I confider the narrownes ofyourCommidion, which was as lame as the elm ^ that kept it; when I find that you fecured the Seas, and traffick all the while,for I did not hear of one Ship taken while you wer abroad; when I hear how you brought back all the Fleet without the lead difgrace or dammage by foe or foul weather to any (hip, I conclude, and fo do far better judgements than mine,that you did what poflibly could be done: let thofe that repine,at the one in the hundred ( which was impos’d upon all the Levant Mer¬ chants for the fupportofthisFleetJ mutter what they will, that you went fird to Grave fend,thin to the Lands end,& after to no end. I have fent you for your welcome homc(in part)two barrels of Colchejler oyders, which were provided for my Lord of Colchejkr himfelf, therfore I prefume they are good,and all green film’d; I (hall fhortly follow, but not to day long in England, for I think I mud over again fpeedily to pulh on my fortunes: fo my dear Torn. I am de todas mis entrants, from the center of my heart I am St. Ofith, Decemb. Toms J. H. XII. To my Father Hfonmy fecondgoing to Travel. SIR, I Am lately returned to London, having bin all this while in a ve¬ ry noble Family in the Countrey, wher I found far greater re- fpefts than I deferv’d;I was to go with two of my Lord S avages Sons SeB. 2, Familiar Letters. 75 Sons to travel, but finding my felf too young for fuch a charge, and our Religion differing, I have now made choice to go over Cameradc to a very worthy Gentleman,Baron Althams Son,whom I knew in Stow,when my brother was there. Truly I hold him to be one of the hopefulleft young men of this Kingdom for parts and perlon.he is full of excellent folid knowledg, as the Mathe¬ matics,the Law and other material ftudies •, befides I fhould have bin tied to have ftaid 3 years abroad in the other imploymenc at lead, but I hope to go back from this by Gods grace before a twelvemonth be at an end,at which time I hopethehand ofPro- vidence will fettle me in fome (fable home-fortune. The news is that the Prince Talfgrm with his Lady and chil¬ dren are com to the Hague \n Holland, having made alongpro- gres or rather a pilgrimage about Germany from Prague. The old Duke of Bavaria his uncle ischoferi Eleftor & Arch-fewer of the Roman Empire in his placc(but as they fay in an imperfeft Diet) and with this provifo,.that the transferring of this Ele&ion upon the RavarianfiaW not prejudice the next heir.Theris one Count Mansfelt that begins to get a great name in Germany, and he with the Duke of Brunsaviclf who is a temporal Bpp. of Halwftadt, have a confidcrable Army on foot for the Lady Elizabeth, which in the Lov-cmminys and fome parts of Germany is called the £>mcn of'nohane,md for her winning Princely comportment, the gh/ai of Hurts: Sir Arthur Chichejler is com back from the Pala¬ tinate,much complaining of the fmall Army that was fent thither under Sir Horace Fire, which fhould havebeen greater,dr none at all. My Lord of Eucfinghamhmng bin long (ince Matter of the Horfe at Court,is now made Mate alfoof all the madden horfes in the Kingdom, which .indeedareour belt Horfes,for he is to be High Admiral of England, fo he is becom Horn inns Eqsmm '& Aquaum.Thft late Lord TrefurerCto.'/hM grows alfo very pow¬ erful, but the City hates him for having betrayed their greatefl: fecrets which he was capable to know more then another,having been formerly a Merchant. I think I (hall have no opportunity to write to you again till I be t’other fide of the Sea; therfore I humbly take my leave,and ask your bluffing, that I may die better profper in my proceed¬ ings : So I am, !)■ dutiful Son, •]. H. March, 19. 1621; xm. To Seti. 2 . 76 Familiar Letters. XIII. To Sir John Sm th, Knight. sir, r T' , He firft ground I fee foot vpon after this my fecond tranfma- 1 rin voyage was Trnm (the Scots Staple) in Zealand, thence we fail'd to Holland ,in which pafiage we might fee divers Steeples and Turrets under ua:er,of Towns that as we vvertold wer fwal- Iowed up by a deluge within the memory ofmanrwe went after¬ wards to theH4£//r,wher ther are hard by,though in feveral pla¬ ces,two wonderful! things to be feen, the one of Ait,the other of jYtfto,that of Ait is a Waggon or Ship,or a Monftcr mist of both like the Hippocentanre who was half tnan, and half horfe;this En- gin hath wheels and fayls that will hold above twenty people, & goes with the wind being drawn or mov’d by nothing die, and will run, the wind being good, and the fayls hois’d up, above fifteen miles an hour upon the even hard fands: they fay this in¬ vention was found out to entertain Spinola when he came hither to treat of the laft Truce.That wonder of Nature is a Church-Mo¬ nument, wheran Earl and a Ladyare engraven with 965. Chil¬ dren about them, which were all delivered at one birth; they were half male, lulffemalejthe bafon hangs in the Church which carried them to be Chriftened,'nnd the Bilhops Name who did it;and the ftoryof this Miracle,with the year and the day of the month mentioned, which is not yet 2co years agoytnd the Story is this: that Counteffe walking about her door after dinner,ther came a begger-woman with two children upon her back to beg aims, theCountelTe asking'whethcrthofe children wer her own, file anfwcred,fhe had them both at one birth, and by one father, who was her husband ; the CounteiTe would not onely give her any alms, but reviled her bitterly,faying,It was impoffible for one man to get two children at oncc:This begger-woman being thus, urovok’d with ill words,& without alms fell to imprecations,that it fhould pleafe God to/hew his Judgment upon her,and that/he might bear at one birth as many children as ther be days in the year,which fhe did before the fame year send,having never born child before. We are now in North -Holland, wher I never fa w fomany, among fo few, fick of Leprofies; andthercafonis, becaufc they commonly catabundanceotfrelhFilh.A Gentleman to]d me that fhe women of this Countrey when they are deliver- . cd, ther comes out of the womb a living creature befides the child call’d z»rrfc/f,likeft aBarofany other creature, which the Mid¬ wifes throw into the fire,holding Iheets before the chimney left it fhould fly avvay.Mafter hlthm defires his fervice be fpreented Scff.2. Familiar Letters. 77 to You and your Lady, to Sir John Fran^linzai all at the Hill, tire like do I humbly crave at your hands: the Julian and French Manufcripts you pleas’d to favour me withal, 1 left at Mr. Sells the Stationer, whence if you have them not already, you may plcafe to fend for them. So in all affection I kifs your hands, and am Trevere. io. April, To;.')' humble fetzitor, I 52 2. J.H. XIV, To the Right Honourab ’e, the Lord Vicount Colchefter, after Earl Rivers. Right Honourable, / T He commands your Lordfhip pleas’d to impofeupon me when I left England , and thofe high favours wherin I'ftand bound to your Lordfliip, call upon me at this time to fend your Lordfhip fom fmall fruits of my forren Travel: Marquis SpinoU is return’d from the Palatinat,wher he was fo fortunat, that like Cafar he came, faw and overcame, notwithftanding that huge Army of the Princes of the Union, confuting of 40000 men,wher- as his was under twenty,but made up of old tough blades,and : ve¬ teran Commanders. He hath now chang’d his coat, and taken up his old Commiflion again from VonThilippo, wheras during that Expedition, he call’d himfclf Cafar's fervant. I hear, the Emperor hath tranfmitted the upper palatinat to the Duke of Bavaria , as caution for thofe moneys he hath expended in thole wars: And the King of Spain is the Emperors CommiiTary for the lower Palatinat:they both pretend that they were bound to obey the imperial fummons to allifl Cafar in thefe wars; the one as lie was Duke of Burgundy, the other of Bavaria, both which Coun¬ treys are fudetary to the Empire, elfe they had incurr’d the Ihi- perialban. I< is fear’d this German war will be as the Frenchman 'laid, dr longue halainc, Iongb’rcath’d, fertherare great powers . on both fides, and they fay the King of Henm.r^ is arming. Having made a Ieafurely fojourn in this Town,I had lp.irc.hours to couch in writing a Purvey of thefe Countreys which I have now travers’d thefecond time; but in regard it would be a great bulk for a-Letter, I fend it your Lordfliip apart, and when I return to England, I fliall be bold, to attend your Lordfhip for correcti¬ on of my faults; in the interim I reft Antwerp,, May 1 . My Lord, ^3 Familiar Letters. ■ Sett. 2. XV. A Survey of the Seventeen Provinces. My Lord, T O attempt a prccifedefcription of each of the feventeen Pro¬ vinces, andofitsProgreftion,Priviledges and Primitive go¬ vernment, wer a task of no lelle confufioti than labour : Let it fufficeto know thatfince Flanders and Holland wtrere&ed to Earldoms,and fo left to bean appendix of the Crown of France, fom of them have had abfolute and fupreme Governors, fom fub- altern and fubjeft to a fuperior Power.Ainongft the reft the Earls of Flanders and Holland,wer moft confiderable: but of them two he of Holland being homageable to none,and having Friefland and Zdand added, was the more potent: in procdle of time all the feventeen met in one: fom by conqueft, others by donation and legacy, but moft by alliance: In the Houfeof Burgundy this uni¬ on received moft growth, but in the Houfe of Mjlria it came to its full perfeftion; for in Charles the fift they all met as fo many lines drawn from the circumference to the centre, who Lording as fupreme head not only over the fifteen temporal, but the two Spiritual, Leige and Utrecht, had a defign to reduce them to a Kingdom,which his Son Phillip the fecond attempted after him, but they could not bring their intents home to their aym, the caufe is imputed to that multiplicity and difference of priviledges which they are fo eager to maintain,and wherof fom cannot ftand . with a Monarchy without incongruity. Phillip the fecond at his inauguration was fworn toobferve them,and at his departure he oblig’d himfelf by an oath,to fend ftill one of his own blood to go¬ vern them: Moreover at the requeft of the Knights of the golden Fleece, he promifed that all Forren Soldiers fhould retire, and that he himfelf would com to vifit them once evry feventh year ■, but being once gon, and leaving in lieu of a Sword a Dijlajje, an unweldy woman to govern-, he came not only fhort of his pro- mife,but procur’d a difpenfation from the Pope to be abfolv’d r f his Oath, and all this by the counfel of the Cardinal Granvill, who,as the States Chronicler writes, was the firft firebrand that kindled that lamentable and longfome war wherein the Nether¬ lands have traded above fifty years in blood: For intending to increafe the number of Bilhops, to eftablifh the decrees of the Counfell of Trent, and to clip the power of the Counfel of State compos’d ofthe natives of the Land, by making it appealable to the Counfel of Spain, and by adding to the former Oath of Alle- geance,(all which conduc’d to fettle the inquifition, and to curb the conlcience) the broyls began; to appeafe which AmbaiTa- Seff. 2. Familiar Letters . 79 dors wer difpatch’d to Spain, wherof the two firfl came to vio¬ lent deaths,the onebeingbcheaded,the other poyfon’d : But the two laft Egnwnd & Horn were nourifh’d ftill with hopes,until Phi¬ lip the fecond had prepar’d an Army under the conduft of the Duke of Alvaro compofe the difference by Arms,For as foonas he came to the government, he cftablifhed theBloet-raed,zs the complainants term’d it,a Counfel ofbloud, made up molt of Spa¬ niards: Egwond and Horn were apprehended, and afterwards be¬ headed 5 Cittadels wer erefted,and the Oath of Allegeance, with the Political government of the Country in divers things alter’d: This powr’d oyl on the fire formerly kindled, and put all in corn- bullion : The Prince of Orenge retires, therupon his eldeft Son was furpriz’d and font'as a Hoflage to Spain, and above 5000 Fa¬ milies quit the Countrey, many Towns revolted, butwerafter- w ards reduc’d to obedience; which made the Duke of Alva fay, that the Netherlands appertain’d to the King of Spain not only by dtfeent but conquest, and for a cumble. of his victories when he at¬ tempted to iinpofe the tenth peny for maintenance of theGarri- fons in the Cittadels he had erefted at Grave, Utrecht, and Ant¬ werp,{wher he caus’d his Statue made of Canon-brafs to be erect¬ ed,trampling the Belgians under his feetjall the Towns withftood this impofition,fo that at laft matters fucceeding ill with him,and having nad his cofen Pacecio hang’d at Flufhing gates,afterhehad trac’d out the platform of a Cittadel in thatTown alfo,he receiv’d letters of revocation from Spain-,Him fucceeded Don Lttys de Jie- qitifens, who came Ihort ofhis predeceiTor in exploits,and dying fuddenly in the field, the government was inverted for the time in the Counfel of State-, The Spanifh foldiers being without a head, gather’d together to the number of idoo. and committed fuch outrages up and down,that they were proclaimed enemies to the State: Hereupon the pacification of Gant was tranfafted,wher¬ of amongft other Articles one was, that all forren foldiers fhould quit the Countrey: this was ratified by the King, and obferv’d by Don John of Auflria who fucceeded in the government;yet Don John retain’d the Landsfneghts at his devotion ftill,for foinfecret defign,and as fom conjectur'd for the invafion of England, he 1 kept the Spaniards alfo ftill hovering about the Frontiers ready upon all occafion: Certain Letters were intercepted that made a difeovery of fom projects which made the war to bleed afrefh ; Don John was proclaim’d enemy to the State; fo the Arckdukc Matthias was fent for,who being a man of fmall performance and improper for the times was difmifs’d,but upon honourable ternls. Don John a little after dies, and as fome gave out of the Pox then comes in the Duke of Parma, a man as of a different Nation, ‘ being 8 o Familiar Letters. • Seif. 2® being an Italian,to of a differing temper, and more modcrac fpi- rit, and of greater performances then all the reft, for wheras all thcPro-jincis except Luxenbarg and Hinault had revoked, he re¬ duc’d '[Gaunt, Tourney, Bnrgnes, Milks, BrnJJils, Antivtrpjwhkh three lad he beleager’d at one time )& divers other great Towns to the Spanijh obedience again, he had fixty thouland men in payyindthechoifed which Spain and Italy could afford. The French & Englifl} Ambafladors interceding fora peace had a diort apfwer of Philip the fecond,w ho faid,tliat he needed not the help of any to reconcile himfelf to his own fubjefts and reduce them' to conformity,but the difference thatwas, he would refer to his .cofen the Emperordicreupon the bufinefs was agitated at Col;n, wher th e Spaniard flood as high a tiptoas evcr,& notwithdand- ■ing the vail cxpence of treafure & bloud he had bin at for fo many ,years,and that matters began to exafperat more and more,which werliketo prolong the wars in in fniiium,he would abate nothing in pointof Ecclefiadicgovcrnmcnt.-hereupon the dates perceiv’d that King Philip could not be wrought either by the felicitations of other Princes, or their own duplications fo often reiterated, that they might enjoy the freedom of Religion,with other infran- chifetnents,& finding him inexorable, being incited alfo by that ban which was publifhed againd the Prince ofOiv»ft,that who- foever kill’d him fhould have 5000 crowns,they at lait abfolutely renounced & abjur’d the King of Spain for their SoverainjThey broke his Seals, chang’d the Oath of Allcgeance, and lied to France for fhelter; they inaugurated the Duke of Ai/yo/'Crecom-. mended unto them by the Q ueen of England, to whom he was a futorjfor their Prince,who attempted to render himfelf abfolute, & fo thought to furprize Antivirp, wher he receiv’d an ill favor’d repuls; yet ncverthelefs, the united Pm-inces, for fo they term’d themfelves ever after, fearing to didad their next great neighbor France, made a fccond profferof their protection and Sovcrainty to thatKing, who having too many irons in the fire at his own home,the Ligne growing ftronger and dronger heanfwer’d them ■ that his / birt was nearer to him then his diiblet, Then had they rc- cours to Queen r.h\abeth,who panly for her own fccuririe,part¬ ly for intcred in Religion reacht them a fepporting hand,and fo fertt them men,money 8: aGovernour the Earl of Liccelhi,who not fymbolizing with their humor,was quickly revok’d,yet with¬ out any outward diffike en the queens fide,for flic left her Forces dill with them,but upon their expenccifhe lent them afterwards fern condderable fums of moneys, and fhe receiv’d Flnjhing emd the BvV/for caution:? ver fince the Fng!i'h\mc bin the bed d- pews of their war,&Anchievers of the greated exploits amongd tnen. Hi/mg tins nude lure work with th zEiglib, they made young Se$. 2. Familiar Letters. 8l yeers together held tack with the Spaniard, and during thofe tra- verfes of war was very fortunat: an overture of Peace was then propounded, which the States would not hearken unto finely with the King of S;w'n, unlefs the Provinces that yet remain’d under him would engage themfdvcs for performance of what was Ar¬ ticled ; belides, they would net treat cither of Peace or Truce, unlefs they wer declar’d free States, ah which was granted -, fo by the intervention of the Engli(J> and French AmbaiTadors, a Truce was concluded for twelve yeers. Thefe wars did fo drain and difeommodat the King of Spain, by reafon of his di'ftance (every foldier that he fent either from Spain or Ital ),coding him nere upon a hundred crowns before he could be rendred in Flanders ) that notwithflanding his mines of Mexi¬ co and Peru ,it plung’d him fo deeply in debt, that having taken up moneys in all the chief banks o{cbriftcndr,m,hc wls forc’d to pub- lifh a Diploma, wherin he difpens’d with himfelf (as the Holland Story hath it) from payment, alledging that he had employed thofe moneys for the public Peace ofcbritlendom : this broak ma¬ ny great Banquers, and they fay his credit was not current in Se- vil or Lisbon his own Towns: and which was worfe, while he flood wraflling thus with his own Subjefts,the Tmk_ took his op¬ portunity to get from him Tunis and the Goletta, the Tropheys of Charles the fift his Father. So eager he was in this quarrel,that he employ’d the utmoft of his flrength and induflry to reduce this people to his will, in regard he had an intent to make thefe Pro¬ vinces his main Randevous and Magazin of men of war,which his neighbours perceiving, and that he had a kind of aim to be We- ftern Monarch, being led not fo much for love as reafons of State, they ftuck clofe to the revolted Provinces •, and this was the bone that.Secretary Welfingham told Queen Elizabeth, he would cart the King of Spain that fhould lafl him 20 years, and perhaps make his teeth fhake in his head. But to return to my firft difeours, whence this digrefiion hath fnatch’d me;The Netbei lands who had bin formerly knit and con¬ centred under one Soverain Prince, wer thus difmembred: And as they fubfift now, They are a State smAa Province: The Pro¬ vince having ten of the 17. at lead, is far greater, more populous, better foyld,and more flor’d with Gentry. The Staff is the richer and flronger, the one proceeding from their vaft Navigation and Commerce, the other from the quality of their Country, be¬ ing defenfible by Rivers and Sluces, by means wherof they can fuddenly overwhelm all the whole Country, witnes that flupen- dious liege of Leyden and Haerlem ; for moil of their Towns (the marks being taken away) are inacceffible by reafon of fhelts of F fands. cm Familiar Letters. Se&. 2. fands,Touching the tranfa&ion ofthefe Provinces which die King of Spain made as a dowry to the Archduke Albertw, upon marri¬ age with the Infanta, who therupon left his red Hat, and Poled-,- Miter (thechiefeft fpiritual Dignity in Chriftendom for revenue, after the Papacy) it was fring’d with fuch cautclous rcftraints, that lie was fare to keep the better end of the flaff ft'll to himfelf, for he was to have the tutele and ward of his children, that they were to marry with one of the Aufhian family recommended by S/»«/f7,and in default of ilTue, and in cafe Albertw ftiould furvive the infanta, he fhould be but Governour only: add herunto that King Phillip referv’dftill to himfelf all the Cittadcls and Caftles, with the order of the golden Fleece, wherof he is Mafter, as he is Duke of Bunundy. The Archduke for the time hath a very princely command, all Coyns bear his ftamp, all Placarts or Edifts are publifhed in his name; lie hath the eleftion of all civil Officers and Magiftrates; he nominates alfo Bifhops and Abbots, for the Pope hath only the Confirmation of them lieer, nor can he adjourn any out of the Country to anfwer any thing, neither are his Bulls of any ftrength without the Princes placet ,which makes him havealwaies fom Cominiflioners to execute his Authority. The peeple heer grow hotter and hotter in the Roman Caufe, by reafonof the mix¬ ture with Spaniards and Italians ; as alfo by the example of the Archduke and the Infant a, who are devout in an intenfe degree. Theraretwo fupreme Counfds, the Privy Counfel, and that of the State; this treats of confederations and intelligence with for- ren Princes,of Peace and War, of entertaining or of difmifling Co¬ lonels and Captains of Fortifications, and they have the furinten- dcncy of the higheft affairs that concern the Prince and the polity of the Provinces, the privat hath the granting of all Patents and Requefts, the Publifhing of all Edifts and Proclamations, the prifing of Coin,the looking to the confines and extent of the Pro¬ vinces, and the enafting of all new Ordinances. Of thefe two Counfels ther is never a Spaniard, but in the aftual Counfel of War their voices are predominant: Ther is alfo a Court of Finan- ces or Exchequor, whence all they that have the fingring of the Kings money, muft draw a difeharge. Touching matters of Ju- ftice, their Law is mixt between Civil and Common, with fom daufes of Canonical: The High Court of Parliament is at Maline, whither all Civil Caufes may be brought by appeal from other Towns, except fome that have municipal Priviledges, and are Soveraign in their own jurifdiftions,as Mans in Henalt, and a few more. The prime Province for dignity is BtvrJdtf, which amongft many other Seff. 2. Familiar Letters , 83 other priviledges jt enjoyeth, hath this for one, not to appear upon any fummons out of its own precinft, which is one of the reafons why the Prince makes his refidence ther - v but the prime for extent and fame is hi. nders ,the chiefcft Earldom in Chriden-' dom, which is three days journey in length Ghent, its Metro¬ polis, is reputed the greated Town of Ear pe, whence arofe the Proverb, l.cs Flamer: rient ::nGan,yui tiendra Pat it dedans. But the beautifulled, richeiT, dronged, and moft priviledg’d City is Ant¬ werp in Brabant, being the Marquifn of the holy Empire, and drawing neer to the nature of a A'mu-Town, for fhe payes the Prince no other Tax but the Impod.Eefore the diffociation of the feventeen Province!, this Town was one of the greated Marts of Em greateft bank on this fide the Alps, mod Princes having their Faftorslicer, to take up, or let out moneys, and heerour Grefliam got all his wealth, and built our Royal Exchange by mo¬ del of that heer.The Merchandife which was brought hither from Germany,France &: Italy by Land,and from England,Spain,mA the //aw-Towns by Sea, was edimated at above twenty Millions of Crowns every yeer; but as no violent thing is long lading, and as ’tis fatal to all Kingdoms, States, Towns and Languages to have their period;fo tliis renown’d Mart hath differ'd a flirewd ecclipfe, yet no utter downfall,the Exchange of the King of Spain’s money, and fom fmall land-traffic keeping dill life in her, though nothing Co full of vigor as it was. Therfore ther is no Town under the Archduke wher the States have more conceal’d friends than in Antwerp, who would willingly make them her Maders in hope to recover her former commerce, which after the lad twelve yeers truce began to revive a little, the States permitting to pafs by Li Ills fconce(which commands the River ofS(yM,and lyeth in the teeth of the toivrfjfom fmall crofs-faild fhips to pafs hither: Ther is no place hath bin more paffive than this, and more often pil¬ lag’d ; amongd other times Hie was once plundr’d mod miferably by the Spaniards under the conduft of a Pried,'immediatly upon Don John of Auffria’s death, fhe had then her Stat-h atfe burn’d ■, which had cod a few yeers before above twenty thoufand Crowns the building,and the fpoils that were carried away thence amoun¬ ted to forty tuns of goldahus fhe was reduc’d not only to poverty, but a kind of captivity,being commanded by a Cittadel, which die preferr’d before a Garrifon t this made the Merchants retire and Peek a more free Randevous, fom in ZeahnsSoni in Hdl wd, fpc- cially in Amjlerdam, which rofe upon the fall of this Town, ss Lisbon did from Venice upon the difeovery of the Cape of good Hope, though Venice be not necr fo much, cred-full’n. I will'now deer my difeours to the united Provinces,as they term F 2 them- 84 Familiar Letters. Setf. 2. themfelves, which arc fix in number, viz. Holland, Zealand, Frif- land,Ovei}Jfel!,Gronningh_en and ‘Dlrec/ir,three parts of Gilderland, and fom Frontire Towns and places of contribution m Brabant and Flanders: In all thefe ther is no innovation at all introduc’d, notwithfianding this great change in point of Government, ex¬ cept that the Colledge of States reprefents the" Duke or Earl in times pafs’d, which Colledge confifts of the chiefeft Gentry of the Country, furintendents ofTowns, and the principal Magiftrates: every Province and great Town choofe yeerly certain Deputies,to whom they give plenary power to deliberat with the other States of all affairs toucliing the public welfare of the whole Province, and what they vote (lands for Law. Thefe being aflembled con- fuk of all matters of State, Juftice and War, the Advocat who is prime in the Allembly propounds the bufines, and after Collects the fuffrages, firfl of the Provinces, then of the Towns,which be¬ ing put in form, he delivers in pregnant and moving fpeeches, and in cafe ther be a diftonance and reltiftancy of opinions,he la¬ bours to accord and reconcile them; concluding alwayes with the major voyces. Touching the adminiftration of Juftice, the Prefident who is monthly chang’d, with the great Councel have the fupreme ju¬ dicature, from vvhofe Decrees ther’s no appeal, but a revifion, and then fom of the choyceft Lawyers amongft them are ap¬ pointed. For their Oppidan Government they have variety of Offices, a Scout, BurgmaMs, a Ealue, and Proetfcbappens : The Scout is chol'cn by the States,who with the Balues have the judging of all criminal matters in lad refort without appeal; they have alfo the determining of Civil Caufes, but thofe are appealable to the Hague. Touching their chiefeft Governor (or General rather now'Jhaving made proof of the Spaniard,Germ an, French & Eng- h(b, and agreeing with none of them, they lighted at laft upon a man of their own mould Prince Maurice, now their General, in whom concurr’d divers parts fuitable^to fuch a charge, having bin train’d up in the wars by his Father, who vvith three of his Uncles,and divers of his kindred,facrific’d their lives in the States quarrel; he hath thriven well fince he came to the Government; he clear’d Friej1and,0veryffel and Groningbem,m lefs than eighteen months: He hath now continued their Governor and General by fca and land above 33 veers; he hath the election of Magiftrates, the pardoning of Malefaftors, and divers other Prerogatives, yet they, arc ffiort of the reach of Soverainty,and of the authority of the ancient Counts of Holland: though I cannot fay ’tis a merce¬ nary employment, yet he hath a limited allowance; nor hath he any Se&. 2. Familiar Letters. 85 any implicit command when he goes to the field; for either the Council of Warmarcheth with him,orelfe he receives daily dire¬ ctions from them: moreover the States themfelves referve the power of nominating all Commanders in the Army, which being of fundry Nations,deprive him of thofe advantages he might have to make himfclf abfolute. Martial Difcipline is nowher fo regu¬ lar as amongft the States; no wher are ther lelter infolencies com¬ mitted upon the Burger, nor robberies upon the Country Boors; nor arc the Officers permitted to infult over the common foldier. When the Army marcheth,not one dares take fo much as an apple off a tree, or a root out of the earth in their palfage •, and the reafon is, they are punctually paid their pay, elfe I believe they would be infolent enough, and wer not the pay fo certain, I think, few or none would ferve them.They fpeakof fixty thoufiind they have in perpetual pay by Land and Sea, at home, and in the In¬ dies : The King of France was us’d to maintain a Regiment, but iince Henry the Great’s death,the payment hath bin neglefted.The means they have to maintain thefe Forces,to pay their Governor, to difcharge all other expence, as the prefervation of their Dikes, which comes to a vaft expence yeerly,is the ancient revenue of the Counts of Holland ,the impropriat Church-livings,Imports upon all merchandife,which is greater upon exported than imported goods ■, excife upon all commodities,as well for neceffity as pleafure;taxes upon every Acre of ground, which is fuch, that the whole Coun¬ try returns into their hands every three yeer: Add herunto the Art they ufe in their bank by the rife and fall of money,the tifhing upon our Coarts, whither they fend every Autumn above 700 Hoiks or Bulles, which in the voyages they make, return above a million in Herrings: moreover their filhing for Green-filli and Sal¬ mon,amounts to fo much more ;and for their Cheefe and Butter, ’tis thought they vent as much evry yeer,as Lubon doth fpices. This keeps the common Treafuryahvayes full,that upon any extraordi¬ nary lervice or dc(ign,therisfeldom any new tax upon the pceple. Trafic is their general profertion,being all either Merchants or Ma¬ riners,and having no land to manure,they furrow the .Sea for their living-, and this univerfality ofTrade, and their banks of adven¬ tures dirtributes the wealth fo equally, that few amongrt them are exceeding rich, or exceeding poor: Gentry amongft them is very thin, and, as in all Democrahes, little refpe&ed; and coming to dwell in Towns,they foon mingle with the Merchant,and fodege- nerat: Their foyl being all ’twixt marlh and mr.dow, is fo fat in paflurage, that one Cow will give eight quarts of milk a day; fo that as a Boor told me,in four little dorps near Haerlem,'us though: ther is as much milk milk’d in the yeer, as ther is Rhenifti wine ;F 3 brought 86 Familiar Letters. Sett. 2. brought to Dort, which is die foie Staple of it. Their Towns are beautifull and neatly built,and with uniformity, that who fees one fees alkln Com places, as in Anfterdam, the foundation cods more than the fuperdrufture, for the ground being fofc, they are con- drain’d to ram in huge flakes of timber (with wooll about it to preferve it from putrifaftion) till they com to a firm bads; fo that as one faid, whofoever could fee AmJhrdam under ground, fhould fee a huge winter-Forred. Atnongdall the confcderar Provinces, Holland is mod predo¬ minant, which being but fix hours journey in breadth, contains nine and forty wall’d Towns, and all tliefe within a days journey one of another. Amfterdam for the prefent is one of the created mercantil Towns in Europe: Toiler is appropriated the Ead and Wed Indie-trade, whither flic fends yearly 40 great fliips, with another fleet to the Baltic Sea, but they fend not nere fo many to the Mediterranean as Eu’land ■, Other Towns are padably rich, and dor’d with (hipping, but notonc very poor, which proceeds from the wholfom policy they ufe, toaflign every Town fom firm daple commodify, as to (their maiden Town! Dort the German wines and corn, to Middleitouiyh the French ana Spanifh wines, to T revere (the Prince of Orengc his Townjt’nc Se.-t s trade; Leyden in recompence of her long fiegewas erefted toanllniverfity, which with Fr amber in Frijeland is all they have. Hareltm for knitting and weaving hath fom priviledge. Rotterdam hath the Englifh cloth,and this renders their Towns fo equally rich and populous. Th.ey allow free harbor to all Nations with liberty of Religion, (the Roman only excepted} as far as the Jew who hath two Sy¬ nagogues allow’d him,but only in Amsterdam, which peecc of po¬ licy they borrow of the Venetian, with whom they have very in¬ timate intelligence •, only the Jew in Venice, in Rome and other places go with fom outward mark of didinction, but beer they wear none: and thefe two republicks,that in the Ead, and this in the Wed, are the two remora’s that dick to the great VclTel of Spain. that it cannot fayl to the Wedern Monarchy. I have bin long in the furvay of thefe Provinces, yet not long enough, for much more might be faid which is fitter for a dory than a furvay: I will conclude with a mot or two of the people, wheroffomhavebinrenown’din times pad for feats of War: a- mongd the States, thcHollander or Batavian hath bin mod known, for fom of the Roman Emperors have had a felefted guard of them about their perfons for their fidelity and valour, as now the King of France hath of the SrvtJ]e. The Frifont alio have bin fa¬ mous for thofe large priviledges wherwith Cbarlemain endow’d them,th eFleitiitts alfo have bin illudrious for the martial exploits Seft. 2. Familiar Letters. Sy they atchiv’d in the Ead,whcr two of the Earls of Flandirs were crown’d Emperors. They have all a genius inclin’d to commerce, very inventive and witty in manufallures, witnes the Art of Printing, painting and colouring in glade'; thofe curious qua¬ drants, chimes and dials,thofe kind of waggons which are us’d up and down Chridendom were firfl us’d by them; and for the Mari¬ ners Compas, though the matter be difputable, ’twixt the Neapo¬ litan, the Portugal, and them, yet ther is a ftrong argument on their fide, in regard they wer the firfl that fubdivided the four cardinal winds to two and thirty, others naming them in their language. Ther is no part of Europe fo hanted with all fortsof Foteeners as the Netherlands., which makes the inhabitants (as well women as men) fo well vers’d in all forts of languages, fo that in Ex¬ change-time one may hear 7 or 8 forts of toungs fpoken upon their Bourfes: nor are the men only expert herin, but the wo¬ men and maids alfo in their common hoftries, and in Holland the wifs are fo well vers’d in bargining, cifring and writing, that in the abfence of their Hufbands in long Sea-Voyages, they beat the trade at home, and their words will pafs in equal credit: Thcfe women are wonderfully fober, though their Hufbands make com¬ monly their bargains in drink, and then are they mod cautelons. This confluence of Strangers makes them very populous, which was the caufe that charts the Emperor Paid, that all the Nether¬ lands feem’d to him but as one continued Town. He and his Grandfather Maximilian, notwithllanding the choice of King¬ doms they had,kept their Courts mod frequently in them, which fhew’d how highly they edeem’d thcm;and I believe if Philip the fecond had vihted them fometimes, matters had not gon fo ill. Ther is no part of the Earth,confidering the fmall circuit of the Country, which is editnated to be but as big as the lift part of Italy, wheron may find more differing cufloms, tempers and humors of people, than in the Netherlands. The WaUm is quick and fprightfull, acodable and full of Complement, and gawdy in apparel,like his next neighbour the French: The Flank and B>a- banter, fomwhat more flow and more fparingof fpeecli: The, Hollander flower than he,more furly and refpetties of Gentry and grangers, homely in his cloathing, of very few words, and heavy in aaion, which may be well imputed to the quality of the foyl, which works fo drongly upon the humors,that when a peeple of a more vivacious and nimble Temper com to mingle with them their children are obferv’d to partake rather of the foyl than the lyre; and fo it is in all Animals befides. Thus liave I hudled up fom obfervations of the Lore-Countries F 4 ‘ befeeching 88 Familiar Letters. Seif. i. befeeching your Lordfhip would be pleas’d to pardon the imper¬ fections, and correft the errors of them ; for I know none fo ca¬ pable to do it as your Lordlhip, to whom I am ■ Antwerp, l Mail, A rnoft bumble and ready 1622. Servitor J.H. — To my Brother, Mr. Hugh Pcnry upon his marriage. Y OU have had a good while the interedof a Friend in me, but you have me now in a freighter tie, for I am your Bro¬ ther, by your late marriage which hath turn’d friendlhip into an alliance; you have in your arms one of my deareft filters, who, I hope, nay I know, will make a good wife : I heartily congratu¬ late this marriage, and pray that a blefling may defeend upon it from that place, wher all marriages are made,which is from heaven, the Fountain of all felicity: to this prayer I think it no prophane- ' nefs to add the faying of the Lyric Poet Horace, in whom I know you delight much; and I fend it you as a kind of Epitbalamium, and with it may be verified in you both: Fdices ter ampl'm Qttos irrupt a tenet copula, tiec malts Vivulfm querimoniis Suprema citius folvet amor die. Thus Englilh’d That Couple’s more than trebly bled Which nuptial bonds do fo combine, That no didad can them untwine Till the lad day fend both to red. So dear Brother,I much rejoyce for this alliance, and wilhyou. may encrcafe and multiply to your hearts content. May the 20. 1622. Tour affelfionat Brother, J.H. XVII. To my Brother Dolt or HoweIl/r ey would fix months after, if the breaches of their liberty and grievances which they then propounded were not redreffed; and they fay this being unperform’d, it (lands not with the facred Perl'on of a King to violate his promile, being the fir(l that ever he made them. The King is fo incens’d againft them, that their De¬ puties can have neither accefs to his Perfon, nor audience of his Councel, as they ftile thcmfelves the Deputies of the Affembly at Rachel-, but if they fay they com from the whole body of Them of the pretended reform’d Religion,he will hear them. The breach between them is grown fowide, that the King refolves upon a fiege.This refolution of the Kings is much fomented by the Roman r/erg imperially by the'Ce/e/f/ner,who have 200000 Crowns of gold. in the Arfenal of Patti, which they would facrifice all to this fer- vicej befidcs,the Pope fent him a Bull to levy whatfums he would of the Gallican Church,for the advancement of this defign: This refolution alfo is much pufh’don by the Gentry, whobefides the particular employments and pay they (hall receive hereby, are glad to have their young King train’d up in Arms, to make him a Martial man: But for the Merchant and poor Peafant, they tremble at the name of diis War, fearing their teeth fliould he fet on edge with thofe four grapes their fathers tailed in the time of the League for if the King begin with Rochet, ’tis fear’d all the four corners of the Kingdom will be fet on fire. Of all the Towns of furety which they of the Religion hold, Rochet is the chiefell,a place ftrong by nature,but flronger by Art: It is a Maritim Town, and Landward they can by (luces drown a Leagues diftance: ’tis fortifi’d with mighty thick walls, baltions, and counterfcarps, and thofe according to the modern rules of Enginry. Thisamongft other cautionary Towns, was granted by Henry the fourth, to them of the Religion, for a certain term of ycers,which being expir’d, the King faith they are devolv’d again to the Crown,and fo demands them.TheyoftheReligion pretend to have divers grievances •, firll, they have not bin paid thefetwo yeersthc 160000 Crowns which the laft King gave them annually to maintain their Minilters and Garrifons: they complain of the King’s carriage lately at Team {Henry the Great’s Country} which was meerly Protellant, wher he hath introduc’d (two ycers fince) the public excrcife of the Mats, which had not bin fung tlier fifty yeers before •, he alter’d alfo ther the Government of the Coun¬ try, and in lieu of a Viceroy , left a Governor only: and wheras Navarrin was formely a Court of Parletnent for die whole King¬ dom of A T rfi'.ir,(that’sunder AVunce)he hath put it down,and pub- filh’d an Edid,That the Navarrets Ihouldcom to Toloufc,the chief Town 92 Familiar Letters. SeB. 2. Town of Languedoc-, and laflly, he left behind him aGarrifon in the faid Town of Navarin. Thefe and other grievances they of the Religion propos’d to the King lately, defiring his Majeftie would let them enjoy ftill thofe Priviledges his Predecdlor Henry the third,and his Father Henry the fourth afforded them by Adt of Pacification: But he made them afhort anfwer, That what the one did in thispoint, he did it out of fear ; what the other did, lie did it out of love -, but he would have them know, that he neither lov'd them, nor fear’d them: fo the bufines is like to bleed fore on both fides; nor is ther yet any appearance of prevention. Ther was a fcuffle lately here ’twixt the Dnke of Havers,mi. the Cardinal of Guife, who nave had a long fute in law about an Ab- by, and meeting the laft week about the Palace, from words they I fell to blows,the Cardinal flruck the Duke firfl,and fo wcr parted; but in the afternoon ther appear’d on both fides no lefs than 5000 horfe in a field hard by, which fhews the populoufnefs and fudden'ftrength of this huge City; but the matter was taken up by j the King himfelf,and the Cardinal clapt up in the Baflile, wher the King faith he fhall abide to ripen ; for he is but young, and they j fpeak of a Bull that is to come from Rome to decardinaliz him. I fear to have trefpafs’d too much upon your patience, therfore I will conclude for the prefent, but will never ceafe to profefs my felf Tour ibrice humble and ready \ Park. Aug. \ 2 . Servitor, 1622. J.H._ To D. Caldwall Efy from Poyffy. My dear D. T O be free from £ng///fc,andto have the more conveniency to fall clofe to our bufines, Mr Altbam and I are lately retir’d from Park to this town of Poyffy, a pretty gentle place at the foot of the greatForreft ofSaint German, upon the River Sequaria,mA within a mile of one of the King’s chiefeft ftanding-Houfes, and a- bout fifteen miles from Park, Here is one of the prime Nunneries of all France. Levpk the ninth, who in the Catalog of the French Kings,is call’d St. Lewk, which Title was confirm’d by the Pope, was baptiz’d in this little Town, and after his return from Egypt, and other places againft the Saracens , being afk’d by what Title he would be diftinguifh’d from the reft of his Predecefibrs after his death,he anfvver’d, that he defir’d to be call'd Lems of Poyffy: reply being made that ther vver divers other places and Cities of renown, SeU. 2. Familiar Letters. 93 renown, wher he had perform’d brave exploits, and obtain’d fa¬ mous victories-, therfore it was more fitting that fom of thofe pla¬ ces fhould denominat him: no, faid he, I defire to be call’d Lewis of Po)jTy, becaufe ther I got the moft glorious victory that ever I had, for r her I overcame the Devil : meaning that he was Chrift- nedther. I fent you from Antwerp afilver Dutch Table-Book, I defire to hear of the receit of it in your next: I muff defire you fas I did once at Rouen) to fend me a dozen pair of the whitefl kid-fkin gloves for women, and half a dozen pair of knives, by the Mer¬ chants port •, and if you want any thing that France canafford, I hope you know what power you have to difpofe of Foxfly, Septemb. 7. Tours, 1622. J. H. XXII. To my Father, from ?wis. SIR, I Was afraid I fhould never have had ability to write to you again, I had lately fuch a dangerous fit offieknes, but I have now pafs’d the brunt of it, God hath bin pleas’d to reprieve me, and referve me for more daies,which I hope to have grace to num¬ ber better, Mr. Altham and I having retired to a fmall Town from Paris for more privacy, andfole converfation with the Na¬ tion •, I tyed my felf to a talk for the reading of fo many books in fuch a compafs of time, and therupon to make good my word to my felf/ I us’d to watch many nights togedier, though it was in the depth of Winter, but returning to this Town, I took cold in the head, and fo that mafs of rheum which had gather’d by my former watching, turn’d to an impoftume in my head,wher- of I was lick above forty days, at the end they cauteriz’d and made an iflue in my cheek, to make vent for tire impoftume, and that fav’d my life. At firft they let me bloud, and I parted with above fifty onces in lefs than a fortnight; for Phlebotomy is fo much practis’d hecr, that if ones little finger ake, they prefendy open a vein, and to ballance the bloud on both fides, they ufually let bloud in both arms. And the commonefs of the thing feems to take away all fear, infomuch that the very women when they find themfclves indifpos’d, will open a vein themfelves •, for they hold that the bloud which hath a circulation, and fetcheth a round every 24 hours about the body, is quickly repair’d again. I was eighteen daies and nights that I had no deep, but ftiort im¬ perfect llumbers, and thofe too procur’d by potions: the rumors 94 Familiar Letters. SeB. 2. at laft came fo about my throat, that I had fcarce vent left for re¬ spiration, and my body was brought fo low with all forts of Phy- liCjthat I appear’d like a meer Skeleton. When I was indifferent¬ ly well recover’d, fom of the Doctors and Chirurgions that ten¬ ded me, gave me a vifit,and amongft other things they fell in dif- cours of wines,which was the bed,and fo by degrees they fell up¬ on other beverages, and one Doftor in the company who had bin in England, told me that we have a drink in England call’d Ale, which he thought was the wholfom’ft licjuor that could go into ones guts; for wheras the body of man is fupported by two co¬ lumns, viz . the natural heat and radical moyflure, he faid, ther is no drink conduceth more to the prefervation of the one, and the encreafe of the other than Ale ; for while the Englijhmen drank only Ale, they wer ftrong brawny able men, and could draw an arrow an ell long; but when they fell to wine and beer, they are found to be much impair’d in their ftrength and age; fo the Ale bore away the bell among the Doftors. The next week we advance our courfe further into France,to¬ wards the river of Loire to Orleans , whence I Ihall continue to convey my duty to you. In the mean time I humbly crave your blefling, and your acknowledgment to God Almighty for my re¬ covery ; be pleas’d further to impart my love amongft my bro¬ thers and lifters, with all my kirifmen and friends in the Country, fo I reft, ' Paris, Decemb. io. Your dutifull Son, 16 22. J. H. XXII. To Sir Tho. Savage Knight and Baronet. Honourable SIR, T Hat of the fifth of this prefent which you pleas’d to fend me was receiv’d, and I begin to think my felf fomthing more than I was, that you value fo much the (lender e ndeavours of my pen to do you fervice, I (hall continue to improve your good opi¬ nion of me as opportunity Ihall ferve. Touching the great threats againft Rochet, wherof I gave you an ample relation m my lift, matters are becom now more calm, and rather inclining to an accommodation, for ’tis thought a furn of money will make up the breach; and to this end fom think all thefe bravado’s were made. The Duke of Luynes is at laft made lord high Conftable of France,the prime Officer of the Crown;he hath a peculiar Court tohimfelf, a guard of ioo men in rich liveries, anda hundred thoufandlivers every yeer Penfion: The Seft. 2 . Familiar Letters. 95 old Duke of Lefdiguieres, one of the undented foldiers of France t and a Protedant, is made his Lieutenant. Eut in regard all Chridendotn rings of thisFavorir, being the greated that ever was in France, fince the Matt es of the Palace who came to be Kings afterwards, I will fend you herin his Le¬ gend. He was born in Province, and is a Gentleman by defcenr, though of a pettie extradion, in the lad King’s time he was pre- ferr’d to be one of his pages,who finding him induftrious,& a good waiter,allow’d him 300 Crowns penfion per annum, which he huf- banded fo well, that hemaintain’dhimfelfand his two brothers in paffable goodfalhion therwith. The King obferving that, doubled his Penfion, and taking notice that he was a ferviceable indru- ment, and apt to pleafe, he thought him fit to be about his fon, in whofefervice he hath continued above fifteen yeers, and he hath /own fo high into his favor by a Angular dexterity and Art he hath in faukonry, and by Ihooting at birds flying, wherin the King took great pleafure, that he hzthfoar'd to this pitch of honor. He is a man of a paffable good underdandiog and forecad, of a mild comportment, humble and debonair to all, and of a winning con- verfation, he hath about him choice and folid heads who prefcribe unto him rules of policy, by whofe Compas he deers his courfe, which is likely will make him fubfid long. He is now come to that tranfcendent altitude, that hefeems to have mounted above the reach of envy, and made all hopes of fupplanting him frudrate, both by the politic guidance of his own aaions, and the powerfull alliances he hath got for himfelf and his two brothers: he is married to the Duke of Monthaxoris daughter, one of the prime Peers of France. His fecond brother Cadanet (who is reputed the wifed of the three) married the heirefs of Picardy, with whom he had 9000 1 . lands a yeer. His third brother Brand, to the great heirefs of Luxemburg, of which houfe ther have bin five Empe¬ rors-, fo that thefe three brothers and their allies would be able to counterballance any one faction in France, the elded andyounged being made Dukes and Peers of France, the other Marlhal.. Ther are lately two Ambafiadors extraordinary com hither from Ve¬ nice about the Vahalin, but their negotiation is at a dand,until the return of an Ambaffador extraordinary which is gone to Spain. Ambafiadors alfo are com from the Hague for payment of the French Regiment ther, which hath bin neglefted thefe ten yeers, and to know whether his Majedy will be pleas’d to continue their pay any longer; but their anfwer is yet fufpended: They have brought news that the feven fhips which were built for his Ma¬ jedy in the feffel are ready, to this he anfwer’d, that he defires to have ten more built; for he intends to finilh that defigu which 96 Familiar Letters. Sett. 2. his Father had a foot a little before his death to eftablilh a Royal Company of Merchants. This is all the news that France affords for'the prefent, the re¬ lation wherof, if it prove as acceptable as my endeavours to ferve you herin are pleafing unto me, I fhall efteem my felf happy: So wifhing you and my noble Lady continuance of health, anden- creafe of honour, I reft Ywmtjl bumble Servitor, Park, i$.VecembrU, J. H. 1622. XXIII. To Sir John North, Knight. SIR , I Confefs you have made a perfeft conqueft of me by your late favours, and I yeeld my felf your captif, a day may com that will enable me to pay my ranfom, in the interim let a moft thank- full acknowledgement be my bail and mainprife. I am now remov’d from off the Sein to the Loire,to the fair town of Orleans: ther was heer lately a mixt Proceffion ’twixt military and ecclefiaftic for the maid of Orleans ^which is perform’d every yeer very folemnly; her Statue ftands upon the bridge, and her clothes are preferv’d to this day, which a young man wore in the Proceffion;which makes me think that her ftory (though it found like a Romance) is very true: And I read it thus in two or three Chronicles;- when the Englijh had made fuch firm invafions in France,that their Armies had march’d into the heart of the Coun¬ try, befieg’d Or/eanj, and driven charts the feventh to Bourges in Berry, which made him to be call’d (for the time) King of Berry ; ther came to his Army a Shepheardeffe, one Anne de Arque, who with a confident look and language told the King that (he was de- fign’d by heaven to beat the Englifli , and drive them out of France. Therfore Ihe defir’d a command in the Army, which by her extraordinary confidence and importunity Ihe obtain’d; and putting on man’s apparel, ihe prov’d'fo profperous, that the fiege was rais’d from before Orleans, and the Englijh wer purfued to Pari r,and forc’d to quit that,and driven to Normandy : ihe us’d to go on with marvelous courage and refolution, and her word was bar a ha : But in Normandy Ihe was taken prifoner, and the Englijh had a fair revenge upon herjfor by an Arreft oftheParlia- Sett* g. Familiar Letters. 97 ment of Rouen (lie was burnt for a Witch, there is a great bufn iiefs now a foot in Paris call’d the Palette, which if it takeeffefl: will tend to correCt, at lead wife to cover a great Error in the French Government t Tlie cuflom is that all the chief places of. Juftice throughout all the eight Cour s of Parliament in France, be-* fides a great number of other offices, are fettofalebythe King and they return to him unlefs the buyer liveth fourty dayes after his refignation to anothenltitnovv propounded that thefecafual Offices (hall be abfolutely hereditary,provided that every officer, pay a yearly revenue unto the King,according to the valuation of and perquifits of the office: this bufinefs is now in hotagitation ' but the iffue is yet doubtful. The laft you fent I receiv’d by Vacaniary in Paris : fohiglily honoring your excellent parts and merit,I reft now that I under* Hand French indifferent well, no more your ( fbe ) Servant, hut Orleans, 3. Martii. Four mfl faithful Servitor, 1622. T. H. : xxiv: To Sir James Crofts, Knight t SIR, W Ere I to fraight a Letter with complements, this countrey would furnifli me with variety, but of news a fmall ftore at this prefent; and for Complement it is dangerous to ule any to you, who have fiich a piercing judgment to difeern femblances from realities The Queen Mother is com at laft to Paw,where (lie hath not been fince hum's death:The king is alfo return’d poft from Four- deaux, having travers’d moft part of his Kingdom,tie fetled peace every wher he pafs’d arid qiiafli’d divers infurre: metde and his lungs, and every one tells me he is right, and of no mongrel race, but a true Mountaneer, for befideshis toughtiel' e, and ftrength of lungs up a hill, die is quickly curriedjand content with fhort Commons:/I believe he hath not been long a highway traveller,for wheras other horfes, when diey pafs by an lone or Alehoufe ufe to make towards them to give them a friendly vifit, this nag roundly ; goes on, and G 4 fcorns io 4 Familiar Letters. Se$„ q. fcorns to call as much as a- glance upon any of them, which I know not whether I fhall impute it to his ignorance,or height of fpirit,but converfing with the fofc horfes of England, I bcleive lie will quickly be brought to be more courteous. The greateft news we have now is the return of the Lord Bpp. isfLandaff,Davmnt,mrd,$c Belcanqnell. from the Synod of Dort, wher the Bpp.had precedence given him according to his Epif- copal dignity, Arminitu and Vorjliits were fore baited ther con¬ cerning Predeftination,Election,and Reprobation; as alfo touch¬ ing Chrifts death, and mans Redemption by it; tlien concerning mans Corruption, andConverfion-, laftly, concerning the per- feverance of the Saints? I fhall have fhortly the tranfactions of the Synod. The Jefuits have put out a jeering libel againft it, and thefe two verfes I remember in’t. DordreUi Synodtts? nodus■, clmus integer ? agir ; Conventm? ventus ; Sefio fir men ; Amen.' But I will confront this Diftich with another I read in France of the Jefuits in the Town of Dole, towards Lorain-,they had a great houfe given them call’d L’ arc (arcitm ) and upon the River of Loir,Henry the fourth gave them lajkche,fagitturn in Latin,wher they have two (lately Convents; that is, Bow and Arrow; vvher- uponone made thefe verfes: A ream Dola dedit, dedit Mis alma fagittam Francia ; quis chordam, quam meruere, dabit ?, Fair France the knw. Dole gave them the B ova, Who (hall the String which they deferve beflow; No more now, but that with my dear love to my Siller,I reft. Jour moft affectionate brother, London, April, 1 6. 1622. J. H. To the Lord Vicount Colchefter. My Good Lord, I receiv’d your Lordfhips of the laft week, & according to your command, I fend here inclos’d the Venetian gazet: of forren avifo's,' they write that Mansfelt hath bin beaten out of Germa¬ ny, and is com to Sedan, ’tis thought the Duke of Bovillon will fet him up again with a new Army: Marquis Spinola hath newly fat down before Berghen op Zoom ; your Lordftiip knows well what ponfequenee that Town is of,therfore it is likely this will be a hot Summer in the Netherlands. The French King is in open war againft fjiem of the Rejigion, he hath already clear’d the Loir by taking Sc&. 3. Familiar Letters . roj^ TViff v and Samar, whergMonficur An P leffis fent him the keys,' ivhich'arc promis’d to deliver’d hnn again, but I think ad Gr.c- , , ; calmias. He hath bin alfo before Saint John d' angih , where tlie young Car.-’inal 'of G# died,being (truck down by tire pui. ; e of a Canon Bullet which put liim in a burning fc-avour, and made an end of him,the lad town that’s taken was Cltuc ,which v:as put to 50000 crowns ranfompnany wer put to the Sword,and ai¬ ders Gentlemen drown’d as they thought to efcape,thisis them- reenth cautionarv Town the Ring hath taken, and now they tay he marcheth towards ,Mm,whenn he comported himfelf gallantlyithcr is a frefli report blown over, that lKwiM is lately dead in the Army pf the P ague, iom lay ot the Purples,the next cofen German to it which the Proteitants give out to be the juft judgement of Heaven fain upon him, be- eaufe he incited his Mafter to thefe wars againft them.If he be noc dead,let him die when he will, he will leave a fame behind him, to have been the greateft Favorit for the time that ever was 111 France )having from a fimple Faulconer com to be high Conftable, and made himfelf and his younger brother .Grand Dukes and Peers •, and his fecond brother 'Cadenet Marshall and all three married to Princely Families. ' No more now, but that I mod humbly kils your Lordlhips hands, and (hall be alwaies mod ready and chearful to. receive your commandments, becaufe Tarn London, 12. Aug. 7 our Lordjhips obliged'Servitor , 1622. ]• H- VI. To My Father from London- SI R, I was at a dead ftand in the cours of my Fortunes, when it plea- fed God to provide me lately an employment to Spain whence I hope ther may arife both repute and profit. Som of the .Cape Merchants of the Turty Company amongft whom the chief- eft wer'Sir Robert Napper, and Captain Leaf,propos’d unto me,that they had a great bufinefs in the Court of Spain in agitation mar ' ny years,nor was it now their bufinefs but the Kings in whof name ..it is followed: they could have Gentlemen of good quality that . would undertak it;yet if I would tak it upon me,they would em¬ ploy no other ? andaffnr’d me that the employment fliould-tend I -v iglrh Nation in the port fhouldbe freefrom out- K .: wiMunto the Grand fifter anfvver’d, Trouble not your (elf about 128 Familiar Letters. . Vol r . about that, for I will not remove fo far from Conjlantinople, bir I will leave one of my legs behind to ferve you: which prov’d too true, for he was murther’d afterwards, and one of his legs was hung up in the Hippodrome . This frefh Tragedy makes me to give over wondring at any thing that ever I heard or read 5 to ftiew the lubricity of mundm Greatnefs, as alfo the fury of the Vulgar, which like an impetu¬ ous Torrent gathereth ftrength by degrees as it meets with di¬ vers Dams, and being come to the height, cannot ftop it fclf; for when this rage of the foldiers began firft, there was no de- fign at all to violat or hurt the Emperor,but to take from him his ill Counfellors 5 but being once a foot, it grew by infenftble degrees to the utmoft of outrages. The bringing out of Mujapha from the Dungeon, where he was prifoner, to be Emperor of the Mufj'ulmans, puts me in mind of what I read in Mr. Camden of our late Queen Elizabeth, how file was brought from the Scaffold to the Englijb Throne. They who profefs to be Criticks in policy here, hope that this murthering of \0finan may in time breed good blood, and prove advantageous to ckiflendtm: for though this be the firft Empe¬ ror of the Turks that was difpatch’dfo,heisnot like to be thelaft now that the foldiers have this precedent: others think that if that defign in Afta had taken, it had bin very probable the Cnn- flantinopolitans had hois’d up another King,and fo the Empire had been difmembred, and by this divifion had loft ftrength, as the Roman Empire did, when it was broken into Eaft and Weft. Excufe me that this my Letter is becom fuch a Monfter,I mean that it hath part the free and ordinary proportion of a Letter, for the matter it treats of is monftrous-, befides,it is a rule, that Hiftc- rical Letters have more liberty to be long than others: In my next you (hall hear how matters pafs here-, in the mean time, and alwayes I reft Madrid, Aug. 17. four Lordjhips moji devoted 1623. Servitor, j. H. XXII. To the Right Honourable Sir Tho. Savage, Knight and Baronet : Honourable S1R, _ • ■. T H E procedure of things in relatfon to the grand biifinels the Match, was at a kind of ftand when the long-winded Junta deliver’d their opinions, and fell at laffc upon this refult, that his Catholic Majefty for the fatisfaftion of St. Veter, might oblige. Setft 3. Familiar Letters. lij liimfelf in the behalf of England, for the performance of thofe ca¬ pitulations which reflected upon the Roman Catholics in that Kingdom; and in cafe of non-performance, then to right himftlf bv war; fince that, the matrimonial Articles were folemnlyfworn unto by the King of Spain and his Highnes, the two Favorits, our two Anbafiadors, the Duke of Injantado and other Counci¬ lors of State being prefent; hereupon the eight of the-next Scptirnkr, is appointed to be the day of defpoforios, the day of affiance, or the betrothing day; ther was much gladnes expreft here, and luminaries of joy were in every great flrect through¬ out the City : but there is "an unlucky accident hath intervened, for the King gave the Prince a folemn viflt fince, and told him Pope Grigory was dead, who was fo great a friend to the match, but in regard the bufinsfs was not yet come to perfefrion, he could not proceed further in it till the former Difpenfatidn were ratified by the new Pope urban, which to procure he would make it his own task, and that all poffible expedition Ihould be us’d in’t, and therefore defir’d his patience in the interim. The I Prince anfwcr'd, and preft the ncctffity of his fpeedy return with ; divers r&tfons, he faid ther was a general kind of murmuring in i England for his fo long abfence, that the King his Father was old and fickly, that the Fleet of /hips were already, lie thought, at Sea - to fetcli him,the winter drew on, and withall that the Articles of ; the match were fign’d in England, with this provifo, that if he be- • no: come back by fuch a month they fhould be of no validity.The j King replycd, that fince his Highnefie was refold’d upon fo fud- • dain a departure, he would pleafe to leave a Proxy, behind to . finilh the marriage, and he would take it for a favor if he_ would depute Him to perfoaate him, and ten dayes after the ratification fta'l come from Rome the bufineiie fhall be done, and after¬ wards he might fend for his wife when he pleas’d. The Prince rejoyn’d, that amongft thofe multitudes of royal favors which he had receiv’d from his Majeftie, -this tranfeended all die reft,. ther- fore he would moll willingly leave a Proxy for his Majeftie and another for Von Carlos to this effeft; fo they parted for that time without the leaft ombrage of difeontent, nor do I hear of any cn- gendred fince. The laft month ’tis true the Junta of Divines dwelt folong upon the bufinelTe, that ther wer whifperings that the Prince intended to go away difguis’d as lie came, and die . queftion being adt’d by a perfon of quality; there was a brave an¬ swer made, that if love brought him tliither, it is not far fhall drive him away. There are preparations already a foot for his return, and the jvyo Profits are drawn and left in my Lord of ivftls hands. Not- . . | t.jthftandirfj igo withftanding this ill-favor’d hop. the bufinefs will take effect : In t Madrid. 18 Aug. 1623. Familiar Letters. V0J.1. ■e are here all confident > J-H. To Capta XXIII. t Nich. Leat at his bo aft in London. T His Letter comes to you by Mr. Richard Altham-, ofwhofej fudden departure hence I am very forrv, it being the late I death of his Brother Sir Jams Altbam. I have been at a Hand in j thebufincs a good while, for his Highnefs coming hither was no j advantage to me in the earth. He hath done the Spaniards divers! courtefies, but he hath been very (paring in doing the nngUpbam. i It may be perhaps becaufc it maybe a diminution of honor to by beholding to any forren Prince to do his own fubjefts favours,bur j my bulinefs requires no favor, all I defire is jufiice, which I have i not obtain’d yet in reality. ! The Prince is preparing for his journey, I fhall to it again clofe- j ly when he is gone, and make a fhaft or a bolt cf it. The Popes death hath retarded the proceedings of the Match, but we are fo far from delpairing of it, that one may have wagers thirty to one it will take effeft frill. He that deals with this Nation mud have a great deal of phlegme, and if this grand bufines of State, the Match, fufkr fuch protraftions and puttings off, you need not wonder that private negotiations, as mine is, (hould be fubjeft to the fame inconveniences. Ther (hall be no means left unattempt¬ ed that my befit induftry can find out to put a period to it, and when his Highnefs is gone, I hope to find my Lord of Brifioll more at leafurc to continue his favor and furtherance, which hath been much already : So I refit ' | Madrid , Aug. 19. 1623. Tours ready to fine yon, J- H. XXIV. , To Sir James Crofts. SIR, - 'T’He Prince is now upon his Journey to the Sea-fide, where JL my Lord of Rutland attends for him with a Royal Fleet: Ther are many here fhrink in their (boulders, and are very fenfi- ble of his departure, and the Lady Infanta relents it more then any, Stfi.%. Familiar Letters' I %i any: fhe hath caus’d a Mafs to be fimg every day ever fince for his good Voyage: The Spaniards thcmfelves confefs there was never Vrincifs fo bravely wooed. The King and liis two Bro¬ thers accompanved his Highncfs to the Efcurial fome twenty miles off, and would have brought him to the Sea-fide, but tljat the Queen is big and hath not many dayes to go; when die Kin? and he parted, there pad wonderfull great endearments and embraces in divers podures between them a long time; and in that place there is a Pillar to be erected as a monument to Po- fttriev, Thcr arc fern Gran its anti Count Gondamar with a great i train befides gone with him to the Marini, to the Sea-fide, which [ will be many dayes journey, and mud needs put the King of Spain i to a ir.ifhty expence, befides his feven moneths entertainment \ here : vie licar that when he pafs’d through Valladolid, the Duke | o? Lima v. as retired thence for the time by fpecial command from | the King, led he might have difeours with the Prince, whom | he excreamly defirkl to fee; this funk deep into the old Duke, info- 1 much that lie faid, that of all the ads of malice which Ulivans had c n, he relented this more then any: He bears up yet | very well under his Cardinals habit, which hath kept him from f many a. foul dorm that might have fain upon him clfe frcm ( the temporal power. The Duke of n%eda his Son finding himfelf ( decline in favour at Court, had retir’d to the Countrey, and dyed { foon after of difeouremment: during his flcknefs, the Cardinal [ writ this fhort weighty Letter unto him : D;\m mi, qne Manys do I nccio, for mi, max timo mix a ms quo mis Enmigos. Lima. _ I fhall i not need to Englifli it to you, who are fo great a Mafter of the i Language. Since I began this Letter, we uuderdand the Prince | is fafely embarq’d, but not widiout fome danger of being cad j away 5 had not Sir Sactyl Tnvtr taken him up; I pray God fend ! him a good Voyage, and us no ill news from England. My moff. | humble fervice at Tmsr-bill, fo I am I Madrid, Aug. 21.1623, Tour humble Servitor, J. H. XXV. To my Brother Dottor Howell. My Brother, S ince our Prince his departure hence, the Lady Infanta diV dieth English apace, and one Mr. u’adfivortb and Father Bo¬ niface, two Englijh-mtn, are appointed her teachers, and have accefs to her every day •, We account her as it were our Vrincsfs now, and as we give, fo die takes that Title: Our AmbalTadors my Lord of Bii[toll, and Sk Miter Aftoti, will pot ftand now co- I 2 ' ver’d 10,1 Familiar Letters. Vol.j. ver'd before her when they have audience, bccaufe they hold ltcr robe their rrineds; fhe is preparing divers fuits of rich deaths for his Highnefs of perfum’d Amber Leather, feme embrcdcr’d with Pearl, fome with Gold, fome with Silver: her Family is a fettling apace, and molt of her Ladies and Officers are known al¬ ready ; we want nothing now but one difpatch more from Kmi, and then die marriage will be folemniz’d, and all things ccnfum- mated; yet there is one Mr. cl, ->•£_ (with the lame arm) that came hither from the Sea-fide, as foon as the Prince was gone, lie is one of the Duke of Mckjnghuns creatures, yet he lies at the Earl of EKyW/rhoufe^viiich we w onder at,confidering the darknes that hapned ’twist the Duke and the Earl: we fear that this Cla\ hath brought fpmething that may puzzle die bufincs. Ecfidcs ha¬ ving occafion to make my addrefs lately to the Vnuti.m Ambafia- dor, who is intcreixd in fom part of that great bufincs for which I am here, he'told me confidently it would be r.o match, nor did he think it was ever intended. But I want faith to believe him yet, for I know St. Mai \is no friend to it,nor F ranee cr any other Prince or State befides the King of Dtnv.a)\, whofe Grandmo¬ ther was of the honfe of Aufiria, being Sifter to chirks the Em¬ peror. Touching the bufmefs of the Taktin.it , our Ambafiadors were lately affur’d by Olivares, and all die Ccunfeliors here, and that in this Kings name, that lie would procure his Majefty of ' Great Britain entire fatisfaftion herein, and Olivares, giving them the joy, intreated than to afure their King upon their honour, and upon their lives of the reality hereof-, for the Infanta licrfelf (with he) hath fdirr’d in it, and makes it now her own bufincs; for it was a firmer? and amity (which he confeft could never be without the accommodation of things in German}') as much as an alliance, which his Catholic Majefty aim’d at. But we fhall know fliortly now what to truft to, we fhall walk no more in mifts, though fom give out yet that our Prince fhall embrace a Cloud for J;mo at left. Ipr.iy_prcfi.nt my fervice to Sir John Franklin, and Sir/ok Smith, with all at the Hill and Dale, and when you fend to inks I pray convey the inclos’d to my Father. So my dear brother, I pray God blefs us both, and bring us again joyfully together. Tour very loving brother, Jt'adrid, Aug. 12. J.H. 1623. XXVI. To Sdf.%> Familiar Letters 133 XXVI. To my Noble frend 1 Sir John North Knight. S 1 K, T Receiv’d lately one of yours, but it was of a very old date, 1 we have our eyes here now all fix’d upon Rome, greedily ex¬ pecting the ratification, and lately a ftrong rumor ran it was com, in fo much Mr. C'/o'N who was feat hither from the Prir.ee,being a fliipboard, (and now lies nek at my Lord of Rajhi' s houfe of a Calenture) hearing of it, lie defired to fpcr.lt with him, for he had fomthing to deliver him from the Prince, my Lord Ambafiador being com to him.'Mr. c/tr^delivered a letter from the Prince; the contents whereof were,That v, herns he had left certain Proxies in his hand to be delivered to the King of Spain efter the Ratification was com, he defir’d and requir’d him r.otto do it till he Ihould receive further order from Ingh.n l ; my Lord of Rrijlol hereupon went to Sir waiter A Ion, who was in joint Commilfion with him for concluding the Match, and Ihewing him the Letter, what my Lord AH on faid I know not,but my Lord of Brijlol told him, That they had a Commilfion Royal under the broad Seal of England, to conclude the march;hc knew as well as he how earned the King their Mafter had Lin any time this ten yeers to have it done, how ther could not be a better ptfivn for the furrendry of the Palati- nit, than the Infanta in the Prince his arms, who could never reft till (he did the work to merit love ef our Nation : He told him alfo how their own particular fortunes depended upon); befides if he Ihould delay one moment to deliver the Proxy after the ratifi¬ cation was com according to agreement,the Infanta would hold her felf fo blemilh’d in her honor, tliat it might overthrow all things. Laftly, he told him, That they incurr’d the hazard of their heads if they Ihould fafpend the executing his Majefties Commilfion up¬ on any order but from that power which gave it,who was the King liiinfcdf; hereupon both the Ambaftadors proceeded frill in pre¬ paring matters for the folemnizing of the marriage: the Earl of Brijlol had caus’d above 30 rich Liveries to be made of watcher Velvet, with filver lace up to the very capes of the Cloaks, the beft forts whereof were valued at 80 1 . a Livery : My Lord Ajlon had alio provided new Liveries, and a fortnight after the faid politic report was blown up, the Ratification came indeed complete and full; fo the mirriage-day was appointed, a Ttnxfl cover’d ail over with Tapeftry was rais’d from the Kings Palace to the next Church, which might be about: the fame extent, as from n biu-Hall tomijtimjhr Abb'ey, & the King intended to make his After a niff, and his daughter(\vhereof the Queen was deliver’d a little before) I 3 a Cbrifi- J3-|- Familiar Letters. Vol.i. a Chfiflian upon the fame day; the Grandees and great Ladies had been invited to the marriage, and order was fent to all the Port- towns to difeharge their great Ordnance, and fundry other things were prepar’d to honor the Solemnity: but w hen we were thus at the height of our hopes; a day or two before,there came Mr. l{dk- gm, Grejly, Hood and Davies, one upon the neck of another with a new Commiffion to my Lord of Brijlnll immcdiatly from his Majefty, countermanding him to deliver the Proxy aforefaid, untill a full and abfoiut fatisfaftion were had for the furrendry of the Tn- laiinat under this Kings hand and Seal, in regard he defir’d his Son fliould be married to Spain, and his Son in Law re-married to the Palatinat at one time; hereupon r. 11 was dafht in peeces;ar.d that frame which was rearing fo many years, was ruin’d in a mo¬ ment. This news ftrook a damp in the hearts of all people here, and they wifht that the Poftilions that brought it, had all broke their necks in the way. My Lord of Briftoll hereupon went to Court to acquaint the King with his new Commillion, and fo propos’d thereftitutionof thel'alatinat.The King anfwcr’d,Twasnonc of’nis to give,’tis true he had a few Towns there, but he held them as Commiilioner only for the Emperor, and he could not command an Emperor, yet if his Majefty of Gnat Britain would put a Treaty a foot, he would fend his own Ambafianors tojoyn; In the interim, the Earlwas commanded not to deliver the aforefaid Proxy of the Prince, for the difponfories or efpoufal untill chriflm.n : (And herein it feems his Majefty with you was not well inform’d, for thofe powers of Vrexits expir’d before^the King here laid further,That if his tinkle the Empcror,or the Duke of Bavaria would, not be conformable to reafon, he would raife as great an Army for the Prince Vallgnvt as he did under Spin)! a when he firft invaded the Palatinat-, and to 'fecure this, he would engage his Contraction Houfe of the *;'«/?- i>Kft«,with his Hate-Hcet,and give the moft binding Inftrument that could be under his hand and Seal. Eut this gave no fatisfa¬ ftion, therfore my Lord of Briftoll I believe hath not long to flay here,for he is commanded to deliver no more Letters to the Infan¬ ta, nor demand any more audience, and that (he fliould be no more ftiled Princefs of England, or Wales. The forefaid Caution which this King offer’d to my Lord of Bri[loll, made me think of what I read of his Grandfather?/)////) thefecond who having been married to our Queen Mary, and it being thought flie was with child of him,and was accordingly prayed for at Vauls-Crofs, though jt proved afterward but a tympany, King Philip Propos’d to our Parlemcnt, that they would pafs an Aft that he might be Regent jduring his or her minority tliat fliould be born, and he would give Seff- 3 - Familiar Letters. 135 good caution to furrender the Crpwn : whenfe or (Its fhould con to age : the motion was hotly canvas’d in the houfc of Peers, and like to pafs,when the Lord Vagit rofe up and faid, I, but whofhall jit tk Kings bund ? fo the bufinefs was daiht. I have no more news to fend you now,and I am forry I have fo much,unlefs it were bet- ter;for we that have bufines to negotiat Itere are like to fuffer much by this rupture : welcom be the will of God, to wiiofe benedifti- oh I commend you, and reft . Madrid, Aug. 25. tour mo$ humble Servitor, _ J- H. XXVII. T 0 the right Honourable the Lord Clifford. My good Lord, 'T’Hough this Court cannot afford now fuch comfortable news 1 in relation to England as I could wifh, yet fuch as it is you fliall receive. My Lord of Eriftoll is preparing for England, I wait¬ ed upon him lately when he went to take his leave at Court, and the Ring wafhing his hands took a ring from off his own.finger,8c put it upon his, which was the greateft honor that ever he did any | Ambaffador as they fay here •, he gave him alio a Cupbord of Plate, j valued at 20000 Crowns: Ther were alfo large and high Promi- 1 fes made him, that in cafe he fear’d to fall upon any rock in Eng¬ land, by reafon of the power of thofe who malign’d him, if he would ftay in any of his Dominions,he would give him means and honor equal to the higheft of his enemies. The Earl did not only wave,but difdain’d thefe Propofitions made unto him by Olivares, and faid he was fo confident of the King his Mailers juftice and high judgment, and of his own innocency, that he conceiv’d no power could be able to do him hurt. Ther hath occurr’d nothing lately in this Court worth the advertifement: They fpeak much of the ftrange carriage of that boifterous Bifhop of Halverfiadt, (for fo they term him here) that having taken a place wherthcr were two Monafteries of Nuns and Friers, he caus’d divers feather¬ beds to be rip’d,and all the feathers to be thrown in a great Hall whither the Nuns and Friers were thruft naked with their bodies oil’d and pitch’d, and to tumble among thefe feathers, which makes them here prefage him an ill death. So I mod affectionately kifs your hands, and reft Tour very humble Servitor, J. H. I 4 Madrid, /fug. 26, 1622,. XXYIII. To' Familiar Letters. XXVIII. To Sir John Norih. Toll. 136 I Have many thanks to render you for the favor you lately did to a kinfinan of mine, Mr. Vaughan, and for divers other,which I defer till I return to that Court, and that I hope v, ill not be long. Touching the procedure of matters here, you (hail under- ftand,That my,Lord slflcn had fpccial audience lately of the King of Spain, and afterwards prefented a Memorial wherin there was a high complaint againft the milcarriage of the two Spani ; b Am- baiiadors now in England, die Marquis of Itwpifa, and Von Carlos Colonia, the fubftance of it was, That the faicl AmbafTadors in a privat adience his Majefty of great Britain had given them, in¬ form’d him of a pernicious plot againfl his perfon and Royal Au¬ thority, which was, That at the beginning of your now Parlia¬ ment, die Duke of Buckingham with other his complices often met andconfulted in a clandeftin way, how to break the Treaty both ‘ of Match and Valatkat : and in cafe his Majefty was unwilling thereunto he fhould have a Countrey-houfe or two to retire unto for his recreation and health, in regard the Prince is now of yeers and judgment fit to govern. His Majefty fo refented this, that the next day he Pent them many thanks for the care they had of him and de fir’d them to perfeathe work,and now that they had detected the Treafon, to difeovery alfo the Traytors ; but they wer fhy in that point: the King fent again, defiring them to fend him the names of the Confpirators in a paper,feal’d up by one of their own confidents.which he would receive with his own hands, and no foul fhould fee it els; advifingthem withal, that they fhould hot prefer this difeovery before their own honors, to be accounted falfe Accufers: they replied, That they had done enough already by inflancing in the Duke of Buckingham, and it might eafily be gueft who were his Confidents, and Creatures. Hereupon his Majefty put thofe whom he had any grounds to fufpeft to their oaths: And afterward fent my Lord comay, and Sir Francis Cottingtofi, to tell the AmbafTadors that he had left no means un- aJai’d to difeoverthe Confpiration, that he had found upon cath fnch a dearnefe of ingenuity in the Duke of Buckingham, that fa- tisfied him ofhis innocency: Therefore he had juft caufe to con¬ ceive that this information of theirs, proceeded rather from malice and fom political ends then from truth, and in regard they would not produce the Authors of fo dangerous a Trcgfon, they matje themfelves to be jufily thought the Authors of it : and therefore though he might by his own royal jufiice, and the Law of Nations ' ’ ‘ punifh Familiar Letters. ip punifh this excefie and infolence of theirs, and high wrong they had done to his bed fervants, yea to the Prince his-Son, for. through the fides of the Duke they wounded him, in regard it was impolfible that fuch a defign fliould be attempted without his pri¬ vity yet he would not be his own Judge herein, but would refer them to the King their Mailer, whom he conceiv’d to be fo juft, that he doubted not but he would fee him fatisfied, and therefore h? would fend an expreffe unco him hereabouts to demand Juf- tice,and reparation: this bufmefs is now in agitation, but we know not what will become of it. We are all here in a fad difconfolat condition, and the Merchants (hake theif heads up and down, out of an apprehenfion of fom fearful war to follow: fo I mod affe- ftionatly kiil'e your hands and red . Madrid A ug. 2 6 . Vour very humble and ready j5 2 ^. Servitor, J. H. xxixT To Sir Kenelme Digby Knight. SIR, Y Ou have had knowledg (none better) of the progreflion and growings of the Spanifh Match from time to timcjl mud ac¬ quaint you now with the rupture and utter didolution of it, which was not long a doing: for it was done in one audience that my Lord of Rriflol had lately at Court, whence it may be inferr’d that ’tis far more cafe to pull down than rear up, for that dru- fture which was fo many years a rearing, was dalht as it were in a trice: Didolution goeth a fader pace then Compofition. And it may befaid, that the civill aftions of men, fpecially; great af-. fairs of Monarchs (as this was) have much Analogie in degrees ofprogredion with the natural production of man. To make man ther are many afts mud preceed, fird a meeting and copulation of the Sexes, then Conception, which requires a well difpofed womb to retain the prolifical feed, by the eondriftion and occlufi- on of the orifice of the Matrix, which feed being fird, and af¬ terwards cream,is by a gentle ebullition coagulated, and turn’d to a cruded lump, which the womb by vertue of its natural heat pre¬ pares to be capable to receive form, and to be organiz’d, wherup- on Nature falls a working to delineat all the members, beginning with thofe that are mod noble: as the Heart,die Brain, the Liver, wherof Galen would have the Liver which is the /hop and fource of the blood, and Arifiotle the Heart, to be the’fird fram’d, in re¬ gard’tis primum vivens, & ultimuin moriens : Nature continues in this labor until a perfeft fhape be introduc’d,andthisis call’d For¬ mation which is the third aft, and is a production of an organical 138 Familiar Letters. Fol. 1. body out of the fpermatic fub fiance, caus’d by the plafiic vcrtue of the vital fpirits:and fomtimes this aft is finifht thirty days after the conception,fomtimes fifty,but rnofi commonly in forty two or forty five,and is fooner done in the male,this being done,the Em- bryon is animated wirii three fouls;, tiie firfl with that of Plants call’d the vegetable foul, then with a fenfitivc, which all brute Animals have, and lafily, the Rational foul is infus’d, and thefe three in man are like Trigonus in Turagono, the two firtt are gene¬ rated ex Traduce , from the feed of the Parents, but the lafi is by immediat infufion from God, and ’tis controverted ’twixt Philo- fophers and Divines, when this infufion is made. This is the fourth aft that goeth to make a man, and is call’d Animation : and as the Naturalifts allow Animation double the time that Formation had from the Conception, fo they allow to the ripening of the Embryo in the womb,and to the birth thereof tre¬ ble the time tha ^Animation had,which hapnethfometimesinnine, fomtimes in ten months; This Gnzadbufinefsofthe Spanish match may be faid to have had fuch degrees of progreffion; firfi: ther was; a meeting and coupling on both fides, for a Junta in Spain, and fom feleft Counfellors of State were appointed in England ; After this Conjunftion the bufines was conceiv’d,then it receiv’d form, then life, (though the quickning was flow) but having had ncre upon ten years in lieu of ten months to be perfefted, it was infor- tunatly firangled when it was ripe ready for birth; and I would they had never been born that did it,for it is like to be out of my way, 3000 1 . And as the .Embryo in the womb is wrapt in three membranes ortunicles,fo this great bufine£,you know better then I,was involv’d in many difficulties, and died fo intanglcd before it could break through them. There is a buzz here of a Match ’twixt England and France ; I pray God fend it a fpeedier Formation and Animation than this had, and that it may not prove an abortive. I fend you herewith a Letter from the Paragon of the Span id) Court Donna Anna:Maria Manriqm, the Duke of Marqiied.ts fitter, whorefpefts you in a high Degree; (he told me this was the firft Letter (lie ever writ to man in her life,except the Dufy her brother, the was much folicited to write to Mr. Thomas Cary, but file would not.I did alfoyourMellage to the Marque fad ’ Inojofa who put me to fit a good while with her upon her Ejlrado, which was no fimple favor: you are much in both thefe Ladies Eooks, and much fpoken of by divers others in this Court. I could not recover your Dia¬ mond hatband which the Picaroon fnatch’d from you in the Coach, though I us’d all means poflible, as far as Book, Bell and Candle in point of Excommunication againft the party in all the Churches Sett.%. Familiar Letters. 139 of Madrid,by which means you know divers things are recover’d. So I molt affeftionatly kifs your hands and reft, 1’oft. Tours of the 2. of March Tour rnoft faitbf/dl cams to fafi hand. Servitor, j. H. Madrid. XXX. To my Cofen, Mr. J. Price, ( now Knight) at the Middle Temple, from Madrid. ^Ofen, fuffer my Letter to falute you firft in this Diftich, A Thamifi Tagus qttot levis fiumine diflat, Ofcula tot manibns porto, Ericxe, turn. As many miles Thames lies from Tagus Strands, I bring fo many kiffes to thy hands. My dear jack, T N the large Regifter or Almanac £ of my friends in England,yon I are one of the chiefeft red Letters, you are one of my Eeftival Rubriques 5 for whenfoever you fall upon my mind, or my mind falls upon you, I keep Holy-day all the while,and this happens fo often that you leave me but few Worfing-dayes throughout the whole year, fewer far than this Countrey affords, for in their Ca¬ lender above five Months of the twelve are dedicated to fom Saint or other, and kept Feftival; a Religion that the London Apprenti¬ ces would like well. I thank you for yours of the third Current, and the ample Re¬ lations you give me of London Occurrences,but principally for the powerfull andfweet alTurancesyou give me of your love, both in Verfe and Profe. All bufineftes here are off the hinges ■, for one late audience of my Lord of Brifioll pull’d down what was fo many years a raifing.. And as Thomas Aquinas told an Artift of a coftly curious Statue in Ko»K,that by fom accident while he was a trimming it, fell down and fo broke to pieces, Opus triginta anno- rum deftmifti, Thou haft deftroy’d the work of thirty years •, fo it may be (aid, that a work neer upon ten years is now fuddenly fhatter’d to peeces. I hope by Gods grace to be now fpeedily in England, and to re-enjoy your moft dear fociety: In the mean time may all happinefc attend you. Ad Literam.. Ocius tit grandire gradus oratio, po.Hk Pro fa, tibi binos jungimus ecce pedes. That in thy journey thou mayft be more fleet, To my dull Profe I adde thefe Metric feet. Refp. .0 Familiar Letters. -Vol.i. Refp. Ad my e cum venio quid again ? Repl. turn prxpete pemix Te fir at, ejl tutor mm levis ignis, Amor. _ But when I come to Sea how fhall I fliift ? Let Love tranfport thee then, (ox Fire is fwift. March ao. Tour moft ajfeflionate Cofen, , 1624. J- H. - XXXI. ' To the Lord Viconnt Colchefter, from Madrid. Fight Honourable, Y Our Lordfhips of the third Current, eame tofafehand, and being now upon point of parting with this Court, I thought it worth the labour to fend your Lordfhip a ITiort furvey of the Monarchy of Spin ; a bold undertaking your Lordfhip will lay, to comprehend within the narrow bonds of a Letter fuch a huge bulk, but as in the bofsof afmall Diamond ring one may difcern the image of a mighty mountain, fo I will endeavour that your Lordfhip may behold the power of this great Ring in this paper. Spain hath bin alwaycs editin'd a Countrey of ancient renown, and as it is incident to all other, fie hath had her vicrptudcs, and turns of Fortune: She hath bin thrice orecomv, by the Romans, by the Goths, and by the Moors: the middle conquefi continueth to this day, for this King and moft of the Nobility profeffe them- felves to have defended of the Goths; the Moors kept here _ tbout [even hundred years, audit is a remarkable Story how they got in Jirft, ■which was thus upon good record: Time resign'd til Spain,^ Don Rodrigo, who kept his court then at Malaga; He employ'd the Conde Don Julian Ambaffador to Barbary, who bad a Daughter, (a young beautiful Lady) that was Maid of honour to the Queen: The King Spying her one day refiefiingberfelf under an Arbor, fill enamor'd with her,and never left till he had defiowr'd her: She refenting much the dishonor, writ a Letter to her Father in Barbary under this Allegory, Tint ther was a fair green Apple upon the Table,and the Kings poignard fell upon’t and cleft it in two. Don Julian apprehending the meaning, got letters of revocation, and came baci^to Spain, whir be fo complied with the K/ng, that he became his Favorite: An;o"gjl other things he advis'd the King, That in regard he was now in Peace with all the nwldrdsrwmld difmifs his Gallies and Ganifons that were up and down the Sea-coafis, because it was a fuperfiuous charge. This being done, and Countrey left open to any invader, h,s prevail'd with Seff. 3. Familiar Letters. ■ ~ 141 with tk Kj”g to lavs leave to go with his Lady to fee their frmds in Tarragona, which was 300 miles off: Hazing bin time awhile, his had) made femblanci to be ftcft, and jo fent to petition the l{ing, that her Daughter Donna Cava (whom they bad left at Court to fatiat the Kings lift) might come to comfort her a while Cava came,and the gate through which fhe went forth is calPd after Im name to this day in Malaga: Don Julian having all his chief kindred there, be fail'd Over to Barbary, and afterwards brought over the King of Morocco, and others with an Amy, who fuddenly invaded Spain, lying armies and open, and fo conquer'd it. Don Rodrigo died gallantly, in the field, but what became of Don Julian, who for a particular re¬ venge betrayed his own Countrey, no Story makes mention.' A few years before this happen'd, Rodrigo came to Toledo, wber under tk great Church tkr was a Vault with huge Iron doors, mid none of his Vredeccffors durjl open it, becaufe tkr was an old Fnpkfie, Thar when that Vault was open’d, Spain fhould be conquer’d: Rodri¬ go fighting the Fnpkfie, caus’d the doors to be broke open, hoping to find there fom Treafure■, but when he entred, tkr was nothing found but the pictures of Moors, offitch men that a little after fulfilled tk Prophefie. ret this la(l cmquefr 0/ Spain was not pirfetf, for divers pans Nortlmft kept fill under Cbyiftian Kings, fpecialty Eifcay, which was never conquer'd, as Wales in Britanny; and tk Bifcayners have much Analogy rrith tk Welfh in divers things: they retain to this day tk original Language of Spain, they are themft Mountainous people, and they are reputed the ancient’ll Gentry ; fo that when any is to ta(e the order of Knighthood, there are no Inquifitors ap¬ pointed to find whether he be deer of tk blood of tk Moores as'mo¬ ther places. The King when he comes upon the confines, pulls off one (hooe bejore he can tread upon any Bifeay ground: And he hath g o l reafonto efteem that Province, in regard of divers advantages k hath by it-, fork hath his beft timber to build jhips, bis left Manines and all his im thence. Ther were divers bloody Panels ’twixt tk remnant of Cbrifii- ans, and the Moores for fevtn hundred years together, and tk Spa¬ niards getting ground more and more, drive them at laft to Gra¬ nada, and thence alfo in tk time of Ferdinand and Ifabella, quite over to Barbary: their laft King M Chico, who when he fted from Granada crying and weeping, tk people upbraided him, That he might well weep like a woman* who could not defend himfelf and them like a man (this was that Ferdinand who obtain'd from Rome the title of Catholic, though fom (lories (ty, that many ages he¬ fty Ricaredus the firfi orthodox King of tk Goths, was ftil'd Catlio- iicus in a Provincial Synod held at Toledo, which was continued by Alphonfus, 142 Familiar Letters. Vol. 1. Alphonfus the firff, and then made hereditary by this Ferdinand j This abfolitte Conqueft of the Moors hapned about Henry the lb- tenth's time,-when the forefaid Ferdinand and Ifabella had by al¬ ly ance joyn'd Caftile and Aragon, which with the difcov ay of the Weft-Indies, which happen d a _ little after, was the fnji foundation of that greatnefs whereunto Spain is now mounted. Afterwards ther ivas an alliance with Burgundy and Auftria j bythefiif Hou.fe the feventeen Provinces fell to Spain; by the fecond Charles the fifth came to be Emperor: and remarkable it is how the Hou.fe of Auftria came to that height from a mean Earls the Earl of Hasburg in Germany, who having bin one day a hunting, be overtook a Fricft who had bin with the Sacrament to vift a poor fic^ body, the Pricfl king t,r'd, the Earl lighted oft bis horfe, help't up the Fried, and fo waited upon him a foot all the while, till he brought him to the Church: The Frieft giving him his benediction at his going away, told him, that for this great aB of humility and piety, His Race fhould be one of the greacefi that ever the world had; and ever fince, which is font 240 years ago, the Empire hath continued in that Houfe, which afterwards was calFd the Houfe of Auftria. In Philip the fecondstime the Spanifh Monarchy came to itshighefl cimble, by the Conquef of Portugal, whereby the Eaft-Indies, fun- dry Iflands in the Atlantic Sea, and divers places in Barbary were ad¬ ded to the Crown of Spain. By theft ftps this Crown came to this Grandeur ; and truly give the Spaniard his due, he is a mighty Mo¬ narch, he hath Dominions in all parts of the world (which none of the jour Monarchies had) both in Europe, Afia, Africa, and America, f which he hath folely to himfelft) though our Henry the fevcntb had the firft proffer made him: fo the Sun pines all the four and twenty hours of the natural day upon fom part or other of his Countreys, for part of the Antipodes are fubjeB to him . He hath eight Viceroys in Europe, two in the Eaft-Indies, two in the Weft, two in Afric, and about thirty provincial foverain Commanders more ; yet as I was told lately, in a difcours'twixt him and our Prince at his being here, when the Prince fell to magnifie his fpacious Dominions, the lying anfwefd , Sir, ’tis true, it hath pleas’d God to truft me with divers Nations and Countreys, but of all thefe ther are but two which yceld me any clear revenues, viy. Spain, and my m(l-Indies, nor all Spain neither, but Caftile only, the reft .do fcarce quit coft, for all is drunk up’twixtGovernoursandGarrifons; yet my advantage is to have the opportunity to propagate Chriftian Religion, and to employ my Subjefts. For the laft, it mu(l be granted that no Prince hath better means to breed brave men, and more variety of commands tt1 heighten their fpirits with no petty but Princely employments. This KJng befides hath other mm's to oblige the Gentry unto him, by fucb Familiar Letters. 143 fuch 11 bags number of Commendams which be hath in his gift to bc- ffmv nn whom he Pleafesof any of the three Orders of Knighthood-,which England and France want. Sum noble men in Spain can defpend 50000 1. Com forty, (mb thirty, cud divers twenty thonfand pounds per annum. The Church here is exceeding rich both in revenues,plate, and buildings 5 one cannot go to the me a left Countrey Chapped,bat he will find Chalices, lamps and candleftic^s of filver.There are fome Eifhopric^s of 300001. per annum, and divers of 1 cooo land Toledo is 100000 1 . yearly re¬ venue. As the Church is rich, fo it is mightily reverenced here, and very poracrfull, which made Philip the ficond rather depend upon the Clergy than the Secular Power.' Therefore I do not fee how Spain can be call'd a poor Coimtrc)', confidering the revenues aforefaid of Princes and P re- lat s-, nor is it thin of People as the world maizes it, and one reafimmay be that ther are fixtetn univtrfities in Spain, and in one of thefe, thirty were fifteen thon fand Students at one time trim I was there, I mean Salamanca, end in this- Village of Madrid (for the King of Spain cannot keep his conflai t Court in any City) ther are ordinarily Scocoo fouls. 'T/s true that the colonizing of the Indies, and the wars of Flan¬ ders have much drain'd this Counirey of people: Since the expulfwn of ' . the Moors, it is aifo grown thinner, and not fit full of Com-, for tbofe Moors would grub up wheat out of the very tops of the craggy hills,yet they us'd another grain for their bread, fo that 'the Spaniard had nought els to do but go with his Afs to the Market,and buy Corn of the Moors. ‘inert uva nereaijo m times paft a great number of Jews, till they wer expelCdby Ferdinand, and ns Ihaversad in an old Spanifh Legend, the canfe was this -, the lying had a young Prince to his fon, who was us'd to play with a Jewifli Voilor that was about the Court, who had. a Ball of gold in ' a firing hanging down his brefi, the little Prince one day fnatch'd away the [aid golden Ball, and carried it to the next room,the Ball being hollow,open'd,and within there was painted our Sa¬ viour kjlfing a Jews tail: Hereupon they wer all fuddenly difierr'd and exterminated, yet 1 believe in Portugal there lurks yet good [lore of them. For the foil of Spain, tbeftnitfulmfs of their vallies mompences the fitrility of their hills. Com is their greatefi want, and want of rain is the canfe of that, which makes them have need of their neighbours-, yet as much as Spain bears is pajfing good, and fo is every thing elfe for the quality, nor hath any one a better horfe under him, a better cloak 0,1 bis back, a better [word by his fide, better fhooes on his feet, than the Spa¬ niard, nor doth any drinkjitttir nine, or eat better Fruit than he, nor fiefh for the quantity. Touching the People, the Spaniard looks as high, though not fo big as a. German, his excefs is in too much gravity, which fom who know him not well, hold to be a pride, he cares not how little he labours, • for poor .. Gafcons 144 - Familiar Letters. Vol r. Gafcons and Morifc'b flavesdomoft of his wo"k in field and vineyard he can endure much in the war, yet he loves not to fight in the dar4 hut in open day, or upon a ft age, that all the world might bewitneffes of his valor, fo that you fhall feldom hen of Spaniards employed in night fervice ■, nor (hall one hear of a Duell here in an age -, He hath one good quality, that he is wonderfully obedient to Government: for the proa- deft Don of Spain when he is prancing upon his Ginet in tbefimt, if an Alguazil ( a Sergeant ) [hew him his Yare, that is a little white (laffhe canietb as a badge of his office -, my Don will down prefently off his horfe, and yeeld hi'mfelf his prifoner. He hath ano¬ ther commendable quality, that when he giveth Alms, he pulls off his Hat, and puts it in the beggars hand with a great deal of humility, bis gravity is much leffned fince the late Proclamation came out againjl ruffs, and the King himfelf jhew'd the firft example, they were come to that height of excefl herein, that twenty (killings were us'd to be paid for ft arching of a ruff: andfom, though perhaps he had never a (biri to his bad^yet would he have a toting huge [welling ruff about his necf. He is (paring in his ordinary diet, but when he makes afeaft he is free and bountifull. As to Temporal Authority, fpecially Martial, ft is he very obedient to the Church, and beleeves all with an implicit faith: he is a great fervant of Ladies, nor can he be blam'd, for as I f,'aid be¬ fore he corns of a Gotifli race -, yet he never brags of, nor blades a- broad his doings that way, but is exceedingly careful of the repute of any woman, ( A civility that we much want in England ) He will fpeaff high words of Don Phillippo his King, but will not endure a fir anger flould do ft: 1 have heard a Bifcayner make a Rodomo'n- tado, that he was as good a Gentleman as Don Phillippo himfelf,for Don Phillippo was half a Spaniard, half a German, halj an 1 - talian, half a Frenchman, half 1 know not what , but he was a pure Bifcayner, without mixture. The Spaniard is not ft ftnooth and oyly in his Complement as the Italian, and though he will make firong proteftations, yet he will not [wear out Complements life the French and Englifh, as I heard when my Lord of Carlile was Ambaffador in France, tber came a great Monfieur to fee him, and having a long ' time banded, and ftworn Complements one to another who fhould go firft out at a door, at laft my Lord of Carlile [aid, O Mon- feigneur ayez pitie de mon ame, 0 my Lord have pity upon my foul. The Spaniard is generally given to gaming, and that in excejfe hi will fay his prayers before, and if be win he will thank, God for his good fortune after ; their common game at cards (for they very feldom play at dice) wPrimera, at which the King never [hews his game, but throws his cards with their faces down on the table: he is Merchant of all the cards and dice through all the I\ingdom, he hath them made for Se&. g. Familiar Letters* 145 for a penny a pair, and he retails them for twelve pence; fo that 'us thought he hath 30000 1. a year by this trick at Cards. The Spaniard is very devout in his.way, for I have feen him kneel in the very dirt when the Ave-Mary bell rings: and fom if they fpy two draws or dicks lye crofs-wife in the dreet they will take them up and kifs them, and lay them down again. He walks as if he marcht, and feldom looks on the ground, as if he contemned it. I was told of a Spaniard who having got a fall by a dumble,and broke his nofe, rofe up, and in a difdainful manner faid, Voto cl tal ijio es caminar por la tierra, Thisit is to walk upon earth.The Labradors and Countrey Swains here are durdy and rational men, nothing fo dmple or fervile as the French Feafant who is born in chains. ’Tis true, the Spaniard is norfo converfable as other Na¬ tions 5 (unlefs he hath travell’d) elfe he is like Mars among the Planets, impatient of Conjunction: nor is he fo free in his gifts and rewards: as the lad Summer it happen’d that Count Gonda - mar with Sir Francis Cotington went to fee a curious houfe of the Condable of Cajliles, which had been newly built here j the Keeper of the houfe was very officious to fliew him every room, with the garden,grotha’s,and aquedufts, and prefented him with fom fruit; Goridamar having been a long time in the houfe, com¬ ing out, put many Complements of thanks upon the matt,and fo was going away; Sir Fra«rwhifper’d him in the ear, and ask’d him whether he would give the man any thing that took fuch pains ? Oh, quoth Gondamar , well remembred D on Francifo.lmc you ever a double Pidol about you ? if you have, you may give it him, and then you pay him after the Englilh manner , 1 have paid him already after the Spanifh. _ The Spaniard is much improv’d in policy dnee he took footing in Italy, and there is no Nation a- grees with him better. I will conclude this Charafter with a faying that he hath, JLo ay hombrt debaxo d'tl foi, Como el Italianoy el Efpanol. Whereunto a French-man ahfivefd , : D/q« la verdad y tienss ra\on, FI uno es puto , el otro ladron. Englifhedthus, Beneath the Sun ther’s no fuch man, As is the Spaniard and Italian . Tk French-man anfwers, , Thou tell’ft the truth, and reafon had, The firft’s a Theef, a Bnggerer the lad, K _ Toi4 iSf 6 Familiar Uttersi Vol.it Touching their women, nature hath made a more vifible diflin- ftion ’twixt the two fexes here, than elfe-wher ■, for the men for the moft part, are fwarthy and rough, but the women arc of a far finer mould, they are commonly littleand wheras there is a faying that makes a compleat woman, let her be Englijh to the neck, French to the waft, and Dutch below $ I may add, for hands and feet let her be Spani\h, for they have the lead of any. They have another faying, a French-mman in a dance, a Dutch-woman in the kitchin,an Italian in a window,an Englijl-waman at board, and the Spani(h a bed. When they are married they have a pri- viledg to wear high fliooes,and to paint, which is generally pra- ftifed here,and the Queen ufeth it her felf.They are coy enough, but not fo froward as our Englijh,(or if a lady go along the ftreet, (and all women going here vaild and their habit fo generally a- like, one. can hardly diftinguifli a Countefs from a Coblers wife) if one ftiouldcaft out an odd ill founding word, and ask her a fa¬ vor, ihe will not take it ill, but put it off, and anfwer you with fom witty retort. After 30 they are commonly paft child-bear¬ ing, and I have feen women in England look as youthful at 50, as fom here at 25. Money will do miracles here in purchafing the favor of Ladies, or any thing elfe, though this be the Countrey of money, for it furnilhes well near all the world befides, yea their very enemies, as the and Hollander ■, infomuch that one may fay the Coin of Spain is as Catholic as her King. Yet- though he be the greateft King of gold and filver Mines in the world, (I think) yet the common currant Coin here is Copper, and herein Ibelecve the Hollander hath done him more mi (chief by counterfeiting his Copper Coyns, than by their armes, bring¬ ing it in byftrange furreptitious ways, as in hollow Sows of Tyn and Lead, hollow Mafts,in pitcht Buckets under water,and other ways. But I fear to be injurious to this great King to fpeak of him in fo narrow a compafs-, a great King indeed, though the french in a flighting way compare his Monarchy to a Beggars Clod1 made up oj patches ; they are patches indeed, but fuch as he hath not the like : The Ea[l-lndies\K a patch embroyder’d with Pearl, Rubies, and Diamonds: Vera is 4 patch embroyder’d with mahy gold .Mexico with filver, Naples and Millain are patches of cloth of Tiilue, and if thefe patches were in one peece, what would becom of his Cloak embroyder’d with flower-de-luce? So defiring your Lordfhip to pardon this poor imperfeft pa¬ per, confidering the high quality of the fubjeft, I reft Madrid, r F eb. four Lordlhips mfl humble 1623. Servitor, j. H. XXXI. To \S> 3* Familiar Letters . HI XXXII. To yLfr. Walfingham Grefly, from Madrid. Von Ulthafar, T Thank you for your Letter in my Lord’s lad packet,wherein among other pafiages, you write unto me the circumflances of Marquis Spinalis raiding his Leaguer, by flatting and firing his works before Bergben. He is much tax’d here, to have attempted it, and to have buried fo much of the King’s treafure before that Town in fucli coflly trenches: A Gentleman came hither lately, who was at the ficge all the while, and he told me one ftrang'e pahage, how Sir Ferdinando Cary a huge corpulent Knight, was foot through his body, the bullet entring at the navel, and com¬ ing out at his back, kill’d his man behind him, yet he lives full, and is like to recover: With this miraculous accident, he told me alfo a merry one, how a Captain that had a wooden leg booted over,had it flutter’d to peeces by a Cannon-bullet, his Sculdiers crying out a Surgeon, a Surgeon for the Captain; no, no. faid he, a Carpenter, a Carpenter will fern the turn : To this pleafant tale I’ll add another that happen’d lately in Alcala hard by, of a Do¬ minican Fryer, who in a folemn Proceflion which was held ther upon Afcenfion day laid, had his ftones dangling under his habit cut off inftead of his pocket by a cut-purfe. Before you return hither, which I underhand will befpeedi- ly, I pray bellow a vifit on our frends in Bifhopfgatc-(lreet : Sol Your faithful Servitor, ' 3 Feb. 1(523. J.H. ' 5 XXXIII. To Sir Robert Napier Knight, at his hottfe in Bifop- gate-ft root,from Madrid. SIR, ' T He late breach of the Match, hath broke the neck of all bu- finefies here, and mine fuffcrs as much as any: I had accefs lately to Olivares, once or twice, I had audience alfo of the tying, to whom I prefented 'a memorial that intimated Letters of Mo i;unlefs fatisfaftion were had from hisVice-roy the Condedd Real-, the King gave me a gracious anfwer, but Olivares a churhfh one,w'q. That -when the Spaniards’ hid jujlicein England,rw fhoiild have jujlice here: So that notwithftanding I have brought it to the higheft point and pitch of perfection in Law that could be, and 148 Familiar Letters. Vol. i. procur’d Com difpatclics, the like whereof were never granted in this Court before,yet I am in defpair now to do any good: I hope to be fhortly in England, by God’s grace, to give you and the reft of the proprietaries, a punctual account of all things: And you may eaiily conceive how lorry I am, that matters fucceeded not according to your expeftation, and my endeavors: but I hope you are none of thofe that meafure things by the event. The Earl of Briflol, Count Goad mar, and my Lord AmbafTador Alton, did not only do courtefies, but they did co-operate with me in it, and contributed their utmoft endeavors. So I reft Madrid, 1 9Fib. lours to fine you. XXXIV. To Mr. A. S. in Alicant. M ilch endeared Sir; Fire you know is the common emblem of love. But without any difparagement to fo noble a paj- fion, methinks it might be alfo compar’d to tinder, mi Letters are the proper’ft matter wherof to make this tinder: Letters again arc fitted to kindle,and re-accend this tinder,they may ferve both for flint, ftecl, and match. This Letter of mine comes therfore of fet purpole to ftrike foin fparkles into yours, that it may glow and burn, and receive ignition, and pot be dead, as it hath done a great while: I make my pen to ferve for an inftrument to ftir the cinders wherwith your old love to me hath been cover’d a long time, therefore I pray let no comre^fen Bell have power herafter to rake up,and choak with the afliesjaf oblivion, that cleer flame wherwith our affeftions didufe tofparklefo long by correfpon- dence of Letters, and other offices of love. I think I (hall fojourn yet in this Court thefe three months,for I will not give over this great bufmefs while there is the lead breath of hope remaining. 1 know you have choice matters of intelligence fomtimes from thence, therfore I pray impart fom unto us, and you (hall not fail to know how matters pafs here weekly. So with my bija iu- nos to Francifco Imperial, I reft Madrid, 3 Mar, jours moji afj'cftionatly 1623. , ' to ferve yon,].H. XXXV. To Seft- 5. ' Familiar Letters. 149 - . XXXV. To the Honourable Sir T.S. at Tower-Hill. sin, I was yefterday at the Efcurial to fee the Mona fiery of Saint Laurence the eighth wonder of the world; and truly confider- ing the fite of the place, the ftate of the thing, and the fymmetry of the ftrufture, with-divers other rarities, it may be call’d fo; for what 1 have feen in Italy, and other places, are but babies to it. It is built amongft a company of craggy barren hills,which makes the air the hungryer, and wholfomer; it is all built of Free-ftone and Marble, and that with fuch folidity and modcrat height, that furely Philip the fecond’s chief defign was to make a facrifice of it to eternity, and to conteft with the Meteors,and Time it felf. It cod eight millions, it was twenty four years a building, and the Founder himfelf faw it finifh’d, and enjoyed it twelve years after, and carried his bones himfelf thither to be buried. The reafon that mov’d King Philip to waft fo much trefure,was a vow he had made at the battel of Saint Quentin, wher he was forc’d to batter a Monaftery of Saint Laurence Friers,& if he had theviftory,he would ereftfucha Monaftery to St. Launnce, that the world had not the like;therfore the form of it is like a Grid¬ iron, the handle is a huge royal Palace, and the body a vaft Mo¬ naftery or Aflembly of quadrangular Cloyfters, for there are as many as ther be months in the year. There be a hundred Monks, and every one hath his man and his mule, and a multitude of Officers; befides, there are three Libraries there, full of the choiceft Books for all Sciences; It is beyond expreffion, what Grots, Gardens, Walks, and Aquedu&s there are there,and what curious Fountains in the upper Cloyfters,for ther be two ftages of Cloyfters. In fine, there is nothing that’s vulgar there. To take a view of every room in die houfe, one muft make ac¬ count to go ten miles; there is a Vault call’d the P anthem un¬ der the higheft Altar, which is all pav’d, wall’d, and arch’d with marble; there be a number of huge Silver Candleflicks,tal- ler than I am; Lamps three yards compafs, and divers Chalices andCroftesof maffyGold: There is one quire made all of bur- nifh’d brafs: Pictures and Statues like Giants, and a world of glorious things that purely ravifh’d me. By this mighty Monu¬ ment, it may be inferr’d, that Philip the fecond, though he was 3 little man, yet had he vaft Gigantick thoughts in him, to leave' K 3 fuch 150 Familiar Letters. Vol. i„ fuch a huge pile for pofterity to gaze upon, and admire his me • mory: No more now, but that I reft Madrid,Mar. p, lour mil humble 1623. ■ Servitor, J. H. XXXVI. To the Lo, Vicount Col. from Madrid. My Lord, Y Ou writ to me not longfince,to fend you an account of the Duke of Offitna's death, a little man, but of great fame and fortunes, and much cried up, & known up and down the world. iHc was revok’d from being Vice-roy of Naples (the beft employ¬ ment the .King of Spain hath fora Subject) upon fom difguft; And being com to this Court,when he was brought to give an ac¬ count of his government, being troubled with the Gout, he car¬ ried his fword in his hand inftead of a fluff; the King mifliking the manner of his pofture,turn’d his back to him,andfowenta- way; therupon he was overheard to mutter, Eslo es para fervfr mchacbos-, This it is to fine boys : This coming to the Kings ear, he was apprehended,and committed prifonerto a Monafterynot far off, wher he continued fom years, until his beard came to his girdle,then growing very ill,he was permitted to com to his houfe in this Town,being carried in a bed upon mens ftiouldcrs,and fo dyed fom years ago. There were divers accufations againft him; among the reft, I remember thefe, That he had kept the Mar¬ quis ae Campolataros wife/ending her husband out of the way up- .pn employment. That he had got a baftardof a TitrQfb woman,& fuffer’d the child to be brought up in the Mahometan religion,that being one day at High Mafs,when the hoft was elevated,he drew out of his pocket a piece of Gold,and held it up, intimating that ihatwashisGod: that he had invited fom of the prime Courtifans of Naples to a Feaft,and after dinner made a banquet for them in his Garden, wher he commanded them to ftrip themfelves ftark naked,and go up and downpvhile he (hot fugar-plums at them out of a Trunk,which they were to take up from off their high Cha¬ pin’s,& fuch like extravagancies. Onefamongft divers otherJwitty paiiage was told me of him,which was,that when he was Vice-roy of Sicily, ther dyed a great rich Duke,who left but one Son,whom with his whole eftate, he bequeath’d to the Tutule of the jefuits, and the words of the Will wer, when he is pad his minority (Da¬ tive al mio ftglivolo qitelque voi volete) you'[hall give my Son what you will. It feems the jefuits took to themfelves two parts of three Of the eftate, and gave the reft to the heir, the young Duke corn- ^#•3* Familiar letter*. 151 plaining hereof to the Duke of Offuna. ( then Vice-roy ) he com¬ manded the Jefuits to appear before him, he ask’d them how much of the eftate they would have, they anfwer’d, two parts of three, which they had almoft employed already to build Mo- nafteries, and anHofpital, to ereft particular Altars, and Maffes, to fing Dirges and Refrigerium •, for die foul of the deceafed Duke : Hereupon the Duke of Op.na caus’d the Will to be pro¬ duc’d, and found therin the words afore-reciied, when beispajl bis minority,yon [ballgive my pm of mye!late,rvhatyoumll-, then he told the Jefuits, you mud by vertue and tenor of thefe words, give what you -mill to the fon, which by your own con- feflion is two parts of three : and fo he determin’d the bufinefs. Thus have I in part fotisfied your Lordfhips defire, which I (hall do more amply, when I fliall be made happy to attend you inperfon, which I hope will be ere it belong: In the interim, I take my leave of you from Spain, and reft Madrid, 13 Mar. Tour Lordlhips m(l ready and 1623. bumble Servitor , J. H. XXXVII. To Simon Digby Efq, SIR, Thank you for the feveral forts of Cyphers you fent me to write by, which were very choice ones and curious. Crypto¬ logy, or Epiftolizing in a Clandeftin way, is very ancient: I read in A.Gellius, that C. Cafar in his Letters to Cajus Oppius, and Balks Cornelius, who vvere two of the greateft confident’!! in managing his private affairs, did write in Cyphers by a various tranfporta- tionof the Alphabet; wherof Probus Grammaticus de occulta li¬ teratim pgnificatione EpiMarnm c. Cafaris, writes a curious Com¬ mentary : But methinks, that certain kind of Hieroglyphics, the j Caeleftial Signs,the feven Planets, and other Cohftcllations,might I make a curious kind of cypher, as I will more particularly de- i monftrate unto you in a Scheme, when I fliall be made happy with your converfation. So I reft Tour affitred Servitor , J-H. Madrid, Mar, 15 . 1623, K ci XXXYIir. To Vol. I, ?52 Familiar Letters, XXXVIII. To Sir James Crofts, from Bilboa. SIR , B Eing fafely come to the Marine , in convoy of his Majedies Jewels, and being to fojorn here feme days, the conveni- ency of this Gentleman (who knows, and much honouretli you) he being to ride Port through France, invited me to fend you this. • We were but five horfemen in all our feven days journey,from 'Madrid hither,& the charge Mr.wishes had is valued at four hun¬ dred thoufand 'Crowns; but’tis fuch fafe travelling in Spain, that one may carry gold in the palm of his hand,the government is fo good. When we had gain’d B ifeay ground, we pad one day through a Forrefr, and lighting off our Mules to take a little re- paft under a Tree, we took down our Alforjas, and fome bot¬ tles of wine, (and you know ’tis ordinary here to ride with ones victuals about him ) but as we were eating, wefpyed two huge Woolfs, who flar’d upon ps a while,but had the good manners to go away: It put me in mind of a pleafant tale I heard Sir Thomas Fairfax relate of a Souldierin Inland, who having got his Pafsport to go for England, as he pad through a Wood with Jiis Knapfack upon his back, being weary, he fate down under a Tree, wher he open’d his Knapfack,and fell to fom victuals he had; but upon a fudden he was furpriz’d with two or three Woolfs,who coming towards him,he threw them ferapsof bread and cheefe. till all was done; then the Woolfs making a neerer approach unto him, he knew not what fhift to make,but by ta¬ lcing a pair of bag-pipes which lie had, and as foon as he began to play upon them, the Wolves ran all away as if they had beeti fear’d out of their wits; wherupon the Souldier faid, A pox take yqnalljfi had known yon bad lov'd Miifokfo well, you jlmld have frad it before dinner. If there be a lodging void at the three Halbards-heads, I pray fee pleafed to caiife it to be referv’d for me. So I red fill/O) Sept, 6.162 j. Jour bumble Servitor, J-P- FamiHa? Sctf. 4. Familiar Letters 153 Familiar LETTERS. Scclion, IV. To My Father from London. SIR, I Am newly return’d from Spain, I came over in convoy of the Pripce hisjew&s, for which, one of the Ships .Royal with the Catch werefent under the Command of Captain Love ; We landed at P litnonth, whence I came by Pod to Theobalds m lefs then two nights and a day, to bring his Majefty news of their fafe arrival. The Prince had newly got a fall off a Horfe, and kept his Chamber; the jewels were valued at above a hundred thoufand pounds ; forn of them a little before the Prince his departure had been prefented to the Infanta, but fhe waving to receive them, yet with a civil complement they were left in the hands of one of the Secretaries of State for her ufe upon the Wedding-day, and it was no unworthy thing in the Spaniard to deliver them back, notwithftanding, that the trea¬ ties both of Match, and Palatinat,\ad bin diffolv’da pretty ,while before,by Aft of Parliament,that a War was threatned; & Ambaf- fadors revok’d.Ther wer jewels alfo among!! them to be prefent¬ ed to the King & Queen of Spain, to mod of the Ladies of honor, ■ and the Grandees.Ther was a great Table Diamond for Olivares ' of 18 Carrats Weight; but the richeft of all was to the Infanta her felf,which was a chain of great Orient Perl,to the number of 273 . weighing nine Ounces. The Spaniards notwithftanding they are the Mafters of the Staple of Jewels, flood aftoniflfd at the beauty of thefe,and confefs’d themfelves to be put down. Touching the employment,upon which I went to Spa in,l had my charges born all the while,and that was all - ,had it taken effeft, I had made a good bulinefs of it; but ’tis no wonder (nor can it be I hope any difrepute unto me) that I could not bring to pafs what three Ambafiadors could not do before me. , J arp povv calling about for another Fortune, and fom hopes I ' " ' ' ‘ ' . nave 154 Familiar Letters. Vol. i. have of employment about the Duke of Buckingham, he fways more than ever; for wheras he was before a favorit to the King,lie is now a favorit to Parliament,People, and City,for breaking the Match with Spain : Touching his own intereft, he had reafon to do it,for the Spaniards love him not: but whether the public in¬ hered of the State will fuffer in it, or no,I dare not determine; for my part I hold the Spaniih Match to be better than their pow~ der, and their warn better than their wars ; and I Hull be ever of that mind,That no Countrey is aole to do England lejfe hurt,and more good thin Spain, confidering the large Trahc and Treafure that is to be got thereby. I fhall continue to give you an account of my courfes when op¬ portunity ferves, and to difpofe of matters fo that I may attend you this Summer in the Countrey; So defiring ftill your B1 effing and Prayers, I reft London, Decirnb.io Vow dutiful Son, 1624* J- H. ____ _ To R. Brown Efy. Dear Sir , T Her is no feed fo fruitful as that of love: I do no not mean that groiTe partial love which propagats the World, but that ■Which preserves it, to wit, Seeds of Friendjhip, which hath little commerce with the Body, but is a thing Divine and Spin-; ttial ; There cannot be a more pregnant proof hereof, then thofe Seeds of love, which I have long fince caft into your Breaft, which have thriven fo well, and in that exuberance, that they have been more fruitfull unto me, then that field in Sicily, called Le trscente cariche, The field of three hundred Loads, fo call’d, becaufe it returns the Sower three hundred for ' one yearly. So plentiful hath your love been unto me, but amongft other fvveet fruits it hath born, thofe precious Letters which you have fent me from time to time, both at home and abroad, are not of the lead value: I did always huggand highly efteem them, and you in them, for they yeilded me both profit and pleafure. That feed which you have alfo fown in me,hath fruftified fom- thing, but it hath not been able to make you fuch rich returns, nor afford fo plentiful a Crop,yet I dare fay, this Crop how thin foever,was pure and free from tares,from cockle or darnel, from flattery or falfhood, and what it fhall produce hereafter, fhall be fo ? nor fhall any injury of the Heayens, as Tempells, or Thunder S0. 4. Familiar Letters t . 155 Thunder and LightniOg)I mean,no crofs or affliction whatfoever) be able to blaft and frtiutt it, or hinder it to grow up, and frufti- fieftil. This is the third time God Almighty hath been pleas’d to bring ■me back to the fwcet bofom of my dear Country from beyond the Seas j I have been already comforted with the fight of many of my choice friends,but 1 mifsyou extreamly,therfore I pray make ha he,for London ftreets which you and I have trod together fo of¬ ten, will prove tedious to me els. Amongft other things, Flac^ Frier t will entertain you with a Play fpecl^ andfpan new, and the Credit with another: nor I believe after fo long abfence, will it be an unpleafing objeft for you to fee London, Jan. 20. Jour J. H. 1624. HI. To the Lord yicomt Colchciler. Right Honourable^ M Y Iaft to your Lordfhip was in Italian, with the Venetian Gazctta incIos’d.Count Mansfelt is upon point of parting, having obtain’d it feerns the fum of his defires, he was lodged all the while in the fame Quarter of Saint James, which was appoint¬ ed for the infanta, he topp'd yeftemight with die Counfel of War,and he hadiagrant of 12000 men ,Englijb and Scots, whom he will have ready in the Body of anArmy againfl the next fpring; and they fay,that England, France, Venice, and Savoy, docontri- but for the maintenance therof doooo pound a month ; ther can be no conjefture,tnuch lels any judgement made yet of his defign; moft think it will be for releiving Bred*,which is ftraightly begirt by Spinola, who gives out, that he hath her already as a Bird in a Cage, and will have her maugre all the oppofition of cbrijlen- dom ■, yet ther isfrefh news com over, that Prince Maurice hath got on the back of him, and hath beleaguer’d him, as he hath done the Town, which I want faith to believe yet,in regard of the huge circuit of Spinold’s Works,for his circumvdlations are cry’d up to be near upon twenty miles.But while the Spaniard is fpen- ding Millions here for getting fmall Towns, the Hollander gets Kingdoms of him elfewhcre •, 'he hath invaded and taken lately from the Portugal part of mz.it, a rich Countrey for Sugars,Cot¬ tons, Balfams,Dying-wood,and divers Commodities befides. The Treaty of marriage ’twixt our Prince, and the youngeit Daughter of France, goes on apace, and my Lord of Cartile, and Holland are in Paris about it, we fhall fee now what difference . there 15 6 Familiar Letters. Vol.i. there is’twixt the French and Spanish pace: The two Spanifo Ambalfadors have been gone hence long fince,they fay, that they are both inprifon,one in Burgos in Spain, the other in Flinders, for the fcandalous information they made here againft the Duke of Buckingham ,about which the day before their departure hence, they defir’d to have one private audience more, but his Majefty denyed them;I believe they will not continue long in difgrace,for matters grow daily worfeand worfc’twixt us and Spain : for di¬ vers Letters of Mart are granted our Merchants, and Letters of Mart are commonly the forerunners of a War: Yet they fay Gondimr will be on his way hither again about die Pa htinatfor the King of Denmark, appears now in his Neece’s quarrel, and Arm’s apace. No more now, but that I kiiTe your Lordlhips hands ,and reft Four most humble and ready London , 5. Feb. 16 24. Servitor, J. H. IV. To my Coufm Mr. Rowland Guin. Con fin, I Was lately forry, and I was lately glad, that I heard you were ill, that I heard you are well. Tour ajfeftionat Coufm, To Thomas Jones Efi. Tom , I F you are in health,’tis well,we are here all fo; and we fhould be better, had we your company: therefore I pray leave the fmuttyAyrof London, and com hitherto breath fweeter, where you may pluck a Kofe, and drink a Cillibub. Mentis, Jim r. 'lour faithfiill frend, 162 5._ J. H. r<>D.c. T He Bearer hereof hath no other errandjaut to know how you do in the Countrey, and this paper is his' credential Letter, Therefore I pray haften his difpatcl., and if you pleafe fend him Se&* 4. Familiar Letters. 137 him back like the man in the Moon, with a basket of your fruit on his back. To itt true friend , London, this Aug. io. 1624. J. H. ' VII. To my Father from London. SIR, I Received yours of the third of February, by the hands of my Coufin Timms Gain of Trecaflle. It was my fortune to be on Sunday was fortnight at Theobalds, wher his late Majefty King Janies departed this life,& went to his. laft reft upon the day of reft, prefently after Sermon was done: A little before the break of day,he fent for the Prince, who rofe out of his bed,and came in his Night-Gown ; the King feem’d to have fom earneft thing to fay unto him, and fo endeavour’d to rowfe himfclf upon his Pillow,but his fpirits were fofpent,that lie had not ftrength to make his words audible. He died of a Feaver which began with an Ague, and fom Scotch, Doftorsmutter at a Plafter the Countefs of Buckingham applied to the outfide of his ftomach: ’Tis thought the laft breach of the Match with Spain, which for many years he had fo vehemently defin’d, took too deep an impreftion in him,& that he was forc’d to rulh into a war, now in his declining Age,having liv’d in a continual uninterrupt¬ ed Peace his whole life, except fern collateral ayds he had fent his Son in Law:as foon as he expir’d,the Privy Councel fate,and in lefs then a quarter of an hour, King Charles was proclaim’d at Theobalds Court-Gate,by Sir Edward zouch EjiightMarfhal Mailer Secretary Conway diftating unto him, tbatwhiras it hath pleas'd God to take to his mercy our mof gracious “So-aeraign Siing James a/ famous memory, m Proclaim Prince Charles His rightful and indu¬ bitable Heir to be KJng of England, Scotland, France, and Ire¬ land, &c. The Knight Marfhal miftook, faying, His rightful and dubitable Heir, but he was rectified by the Secretary. This being done, I took my Horfe inftantly, and came to London firft, ex¬ cept one,who was com a little before me,infomuch,that I found the Gates Ihut. His now Majeftie took Coach, and the Duke of Buckingham with him, and came to Saint James ; In the evening ■he was proclaim’d 3 .tKhite-Hall Gate, in cheapjide and other pla¬ ces in a fad fhower of Rain; and the weather wasfuitable to the condition vvherin he finds the Kingdom which is Cloudy; for he is left engag’d in a War with a potent Prince, the peeple by long defuetude unapt for arms,the Fleet Royal in quarter repair,him- 158 Familiar Letters. Vol. rj felf without a Queen, his Sifter without a Countrey, the Crown i pitifully laden with debts, and the Purie of the State lightly bal- I lafted,though it never had better opportunity to be rich then it had thefe lafl twenty years: But God Almighty, I hope will ™ake him emerge, and pull this Ifland out of all thefe plunges, and preferve usfrom worfer times. The Plague is begun in White-Chappel,and as they fay in the fame houfe, at die fame day of the month, with the fame num¬ ber that died twenty two years fince when Queen Elizabeth de¬ parted. Therare great preparations for the Funeral, and theris a de- fign to buy all the Cloth for Mourning White, and then to put it to the Dyers in grofs, which is like to five the Crown a good deal of money,the Drapers murmur extreainly at the Lord Cun- field for it. I am not fetlcd yet in any liable condition,but I lie Windbound at the Cap of good Hope, expecting fome gentle gale to launch out into an employment. So with my love to all my brothers and Sifters at the Biya,and near Brecknock humbly crave a continuance of your prayers,and blefling to Tour dutiful Son, ]• H. VIII. To Dr. Prichard. SIR, S ince I was beholden to you for your many favours in Oxford, I have not heard from you (ne gry quidem) I pray let the wonted correfpondence be now reviv’d, and receive new vigor between us. My Lord Chancellor Bum is lately dead ofa long languilhing weaknes •, he died fo poor, fo that he fcarce left money to bury him, which though he had a great Wit, did argue no great wif- dom,it being one of the eftential properties of a Wifeman to pro¬ vide for the main chance, I have read, that it hath bin the for¬ tunes of all Poets commonly to die beggars; but for an Orator, a lawyer, and Philofopher. as he was, to die fo, ’tis rare. It feerns the fame fate b.efell him, that attended Vemsihenesy Meca, and Cicero Call great merf.T whom,thetwofirft fell by corruption-, the faireft Diamond may have a Haw in it,but I believe he died poor out of a contempt of the pdf of Fortune,as alfo out of anexcefs Of generofity, which appear’d as in divers other pa(!ages,fo once when London, Decern. n. 1625. ’ seU. 4. Familiar Letters. 159 ; when the King had fent him a Stag, he fent up Ibr the Under- \ keeper, and having drunk the Kings health unto him in a great I Silver gilt-bowl, he gave it him for his fee. He writ a pitiful Letter to King James, not long before his death, and concludes, Help me dear Soveraign Lord and Mailer, and pity me fo far,that I who have been born to a Bag,be not now in my age forc’d in effeft to bear a Wallet j nor I that defire to live to ftudy, may be driven to ftudy to live: which words, in my opinion, argueth a little abjeftion of fpirit, as his former Letter to the Prince did of profanenefs, yvhcrin he hoped that as the Father was his Creator, the Son will be his Redeemer. I write not this to derogate from the noble worth of the Lord Vifcounc. Veruhm, who was a rare man, aman Recondite fcicntiie decline ; F irjl, Shall tb'e Orient with the wejllhafy hand. The Center of the world f ball ceafe to J.land : Pirf,wolves (ball ligite with Lambs j the Dolphins fie, The Lawyer and PhyftiaH Fees denie The Thames with Tagus (hall exchange Her Bed, My Mi (Iris loc^switb mine, (hallfir(l turnred : Firjl, Heaven (ball lie below, and Hell above, Eire I inconstant to my Altham prove. L a mr? Vol i. 164 ■ Familiar Letters. XII. To the Right Honourable the Lord of Calingford^/rer Earl of Carberry, at Golden-Grove. 2tf May 1625. My Lord, W E have gallant news now abroad, for we are fure to have a new Queen ere it be long; both the Contract & mariage was lately folemniz’d in France, the one the fecond of this month in the Louvre, the other the eleyenth day following in the great Church of Par is,by the Cardinal of Rocbtjmand ■, ther was fom clafhing ’twixt him, and the Archbi/hop of Paris, who alleg’d’twas his duty to officiatin that Church;but the dignity of Cardinal,and the quality of his Office, being the Kings great Al¬ moner,which makes him chief Curat of the Court, gave him the prerogative. I doubt not but your Lord/hip hath heard of the Capitulations, but for better aHitrance, I will run them over briefly. The King of France oblig’d himfelf to procure the Difpenfation the mariage fhould be celebrated in the fame form as that of Queen Margaret ,and of thedutchcfsofSai'iher dowry fhould be 800000 crowns fix fhillings a piece,the one moity to be payed the day of the Contract, the other a twelvemonth after. The Queen mail have a Chappel in all the Kings Royal Houfes, and any wherelfe, where /he /hall refide within the Dominions of his Maje/ly of great Britain, with freeexereifeof the Roman Religion, for her felf,her Officers, and all her Hou/hold, for the celebration of the Malle,the Predication of the W ord, Adminiftration of the Sacra¬ ments,and power to procure Indulgences from the Holy Father. That to this end, /he fhall be allowed 28 Priefls, or Ecclefiaftics in her Houfe,and a Bifhop in quality of Almoner,who /hall have jurifdiftion over all the reft,and that none of the Kings Officers /hall have power over them,unlefs in cafe of Treafon;therforc all her Ecclefiaftics /hall take the oath of fidelity to his Majefty of great Britain-, ther /hall be a Cymetier or Churchyard clos’d about tobury thofe of her Family,thatinconfidcration of this mariage, all Englifh Catholics,as well Ecclefiaftics as Lay:which /hall be in any prifonmeerly for Religion,fince the laftEdift,fhall be fet at liberty. This is the eighth Alliance we have had with France , fince the conqueft,& as it is the belt that could be made in Chrifiendom, fo I hope it will prove the happieft. So I kifs your hands, being TtnrLordjbifs moll bumble Servitor , land. Mar. 1,162s. J.H. XIII. ft Sect. 4. Familiar Letters. 16 5 XIII. To the Honourable Sir Tho. Sa. SIR, T Convers’d lately with a Gentleman that came from Francs,who lamongft other things,difcours’d much of the favorit Richelieu, who is like to be an aftive man, and hath great defigns.The two firft things he did, was to make fure o( England, & the Hollander ; he thinks to have us fafe enough by this marrjage;and Holland by a late league, which was bought with a great fum of money; for he hath furnifh’d the States with a Million of Livres, at two (hil¬ lings a peice in prefent, and fix hundred thoufand Livres evry year of thefe two that are to com; provided,that the States repay thefe fums two years after they are in peace or truce: The King prefs’d much for liberty of confidence to Roman catholics amongft them, and the Deputies promis’d to do all they could with the States General about it; they Articled Iikewife for the French to be affociated with them in the Trade to the Indies. Monfieuris lately mariedto Mary ofBwirlw^the Duke of Mon- penjiers Daughter, he told her, That be mould be a better Husband, then he had been a Sutor to her ; for he hung of a good while: This mariage was made by the King, and Monficur hath for his apen- nage iooooo Livres,annual Rent from Chartres and Blois, 100000 livres Penfion,and 500000 to be charg’d yearly upon the gene¬ ral receipts of Orleans, in all about 70000 pounds. Ther was much ado before this Match could be brought about,for ther were many oppofers,and ther be dark whifpers, that ther was a deep plot to confine the King to a Monaftery, and that Monfieur fhould go¬ vern ; and divers great ones have differed for it, arid more are like to bedifcovcr’d, So I take my leave for prefent, and reft. Tour very humble and ready ■ London Mar. to. Servitor, 1626. J. H. XIV.. To the Lady Jane Savage, Marchionefs of Winchefter. Excellent Lady , I May fay of your Grace, as it was faid once of a rare Italian Princefs,that you are the greateft Tyrant in the World,becaufe you make all thofe that fee you your jlaves, much more them that {now you,! mean thofe that are acquainted with your inward dif- L % ' pofition, 1 66 Familiar Letters. Volt, Pofition, and with the faculties of your foul,as well as the Phifuo- ~my of your face •, for Virtue took as much pains to adorn the one, as Nature did to perfect the other; I have had the huppinefs to know both, when your Grace too{_ pleafure to learn Spanish, at which time,when my betters far had offer’d their fcrvice in this kind,I had the honour to be commanded by you often. He that hath as much experience of you, as I have had,will confcfs, that the Handmaid of God Almighty was never fo prodigal of her gifts to any, or labour’d more to frame an exaCt model of Femal per¬ fection ; nor was dame Nature onely bufled in this Work', but all the Graces did confult and co-operat with her, and they wafted fo much of their Treafure to enrich this one piece, that it may be a good reafon whyfo many lame and defective fragments of wo- men-kind are daily thruft into the world. I return you here inclos’d the Sonnet, your Grace pleas’d to fend me lately, rendred into Spanilh, and fitted for the fame Ai r it had in both for cadence, and number of feet : With it I fend my moft humble thanks, that your Grace would defeend to command me in any thing that might conduce to your con¬ tentment andfervice - 7 for ther is nothing I defire with a greater Ambition (and herein I have all the World my Rival) then to be accounted. Madam , 1'our Graces »w[l bumble and Land. March 15. ready Savitor, 1626. J. H. To the Right Honourable the Lord Clifford. My Lord, TT Pray be pleas’d to difpence with this (lownefs of mine in an? I fwering yours of the firft of this prefent. * Touching the domeftic occurrences, the Gentleman who is Bearer hereof, is more capable to give you account by difeourfe than I can in paper. For fo'rrain tidings, your Lordlhip may underftand, that the Town of Breda hath bin a good while making her laft will and teftament,but now ther is certain news com, that fhe hath yield¬ ed up the Ghoftto Spinola'% hands after a tough fiege of thirteen mrniths, andacircumvallation of gear upon twenty miles com¬ ity Lord of Smtbamcton and his eldeft fon fickned at the fiege, gnd dyed; gt Wihin ) the adventurous Earl Henry of Oxford , fee? Sctf. 4. Familiar Letters'. 167 ing to tax the Prince of Orange of flacknes to fight, was fet upon a defperat Work, wher he melted his greafe.and fo being carried to the Hague, he died alfo : I doubt not but you have heard of Grave Maurice's death,which happen’d when the town was pafs’d cure, which was his more then the States,(or he was Marquis of Breda, and had neer upon thirty thoufand dollars annual rent from hentherfore he fcem’d in a kind of fympathy to ficken with h‘s town,and died before her.He had provided plentifully for all his Natural childrembut could not, though much importun’d by Doftor Rofais,y Lord, Land 18. Fib. Tour Grace's mofl humble aid 1626. fai-.bfiil Servant, __ ,]• H- XIX. To Sir}. S. Knight. SIR, T her is a faying which carried! no little weight with it, that Parvus amt Itu/nitur, ingins'llnpet ; Small love finals, whiles great love (lands ajlonifb'd with [deuce: The one keeps a tattling, while the other is {truck dumb with amazement, like deep Rr- ' vers, which to the eye of the beholder feem to hand Hill, while .{mail (hallow Riyulets keep a noife ; or like empty Casks that jnake e;2 Familiar Letters. Vol. i,| make amobflreperous hollow found, which they_ would not do, were they replenilh’d, and full of fubftance: ’Tis the condition of my love to you; which is fo great, and of that profoundness that it hath been filent all this while,being ftupified with the con- templadon of thofe high Favours, and fundry forts of Civilities, wherwith I may fay,you have overwhelm’d me. This deep Foard of my affection and gratitude to you, I intend to cut out here-1 after into fmall currents, (I mean into LettersJ that the courfe ! of it may be heard, though it make but a fmall bublingnoife,as' alfo, that the clearnefs of it may appear more vifible, • . I I defire my fervice be prefented to my noble Lady, whofe fair hands I humbly kifs; and if (he want any thing that London can afford, fhe need but command her and Lond,u. Feb. 1626. "Lour mfl faithful and ready Servitor, J. H. So the Right Honourable the Earl R. My Lord, A Ccording to promife, and that portion of obedience I owe J 1 to your commands, I fend your Lordfhip thefefew Avifos, fom whereof I doubt not but you have received before.and that by abler pens than mine, yet your Lordlhip may happily find herein, fomthing which was omitted by others, or the former tews made clearer by circumftance. I hear Count Mansfelt is in Paris, having now receiv’d three routings in Germany ; ’tis thought the French King will peece him tp again with new recruits. I was told, that as he was feeing the two Queens one day at dinner, the Queen-Mother faid, They fay, Count Mansfelt is here amongft this Croud, I do not believe ic quoth the young Queen; For whenfoever he feeth a Spaniard he runs away. . , , . , Matters go untowardly on our fide in Germany, but the King of Dmar^willbe fhortly mthe held in perfon; and Betblem Gabor hath been long expetted to do fomthing, but fom think he vvil! prove but a Bugbear. Sir Charles Morgan is to go to Germany with dooo Auxiliaries to joyn with the Dani[h Army. . The Parliament is adjourn’d to Oxford, by reafon of the fick- jiefs which inereafeth exceedingly; and before the King went out of Town ther died 1500 that very week, and two out of White-Hall it felf. 1 There is high clafhing again ’twixt my Lord Duke, and the Karl of Briflol, they recnminat one another of divers things: the Earl accufeth him amongft other matters, of certain Letters from Sctf. 4. Familjar Letters. ■ .173 % m \ of putting His Majeftyupon that hazardous journey of Spain, and of fom mifcarriages at his being in that Court: There be Articles alfo againfl the Lord Conway,which I fend your Lord- (hip here inclofed. I am for Oxford the next week, and thence for wales, to fetch my good old Fathers blefling, at my return, if it fhall pleafe God to reprieve me in thefe dangerous times of Contagion, I fhall , continue my wonted fervice to your Lord(hip,if It may be done with fafety: So I reft Tear Lordjbips mojl bumble Loud. i$. of Mar. 1626. Servitor,].U. XXL To the Honourable the Lord Vi fount C. My Lord. Qlr John North delivered me one lately from your Lordfhip .and OI fend my humble thanks for the Venifon you intend me. I acquainted your Lordfhip as opportunity ferv'd, with the nimble pace the French Match went on by the fuccesful negotiation of the Earls of Carlilt and Holland (who outwent the Monfieurs themfelves in Courtfhip) and how in lefs then nine Moons this great bufinefs was propos’d, purfued, and perfected,whereas the Sun had leifure enough to finifh his annual progrefs,from one end of the Zodiac to the other fo many years - , before that of Spain could come to any fliape of perfection: This may ferve to mew the difference ’twixt the two Nations, the leaden-beeld pace of the one,& tire quic^lilver'd motions of the other; It fhews alio how the French is more generous in his proceedings,and not fo full of fcruplcs, refervations, and jealonfies, as the Spaniard, but deals more frankly, and with a greater confidence and gallantry. The Lord Duke of Lucljnghani is now iaPar/i accompanied. with the Earl of Montgomery, and he went in a very fplendid e- quipage: The Venetian and Hollander with other States that are no friends to Spain, did fom good office' to advance this Alliance; and the new Pope propounded much towards it; But Richelieu . the new Favorit of France was the Cardinal inftrument in it. This Pope urban grows very aftivc, not only in things pre- fent, but ripping up of old matters, for which there, is a feleft Committee appointed to examine accounts and errors part, not only in the time of his immediat Predeceffor, but others. And one told me of a merry Pafquil lately in Rome-, that wheras there arc two great Statues, one of Peter, the other of I‘a/igbyfied,zn& fo they told me pofitively, that I mud never expeft any employment a- bout him of any trud: while I was in this fufpence.Mr.Secretary Conway fent for me,and propos’d unto me, that the King had oc- cafion to fend a Gentleman to Italy, in nature of a moving A- gent,and though he might have choice ot perfons of good quad- Ij6 Familiar Letters. Vrt. i„ ty that would willingly undertake this employment,yet notwirlv Handing of my breeding, he made the firft proffer to. me, and that I Ihould go as the Kings fervant,and have allowance accord¬ ingly ; I humbly thank’d him for the good opinion he pleas’d to conceive of me being a ftranger to him, and defir’d feme time to confiderof the proportion, and of the nature of the employ¬ ment ; fo he granted me four days to think upon’t, and two of them are part already. If I may have a fuppoft accordingly, I intend by God’s grace (defiring your confent and bleffing to go alongj to apply my lelf to this courfe, but before I part mth England, I intend to fend you further notice; The ficknefs is miraculoufly decreas’d in this City and fuburbs, for from two and fifty hundred which was the greatefl number that died in one week, and that vyas fom forty days fince they are now fallen to three hundred. It was the violent’!! fit of con¬ tagion that ever was for the time in this Ifland, and fuch as no ftory can parallel, but the Ebb of it was more fwift than the Tide. My Brother is well, and fo are all your friends here, for I do not know any of your acquaintance that’s dead of this fu¬ rious infeftion .- Sir John waiter ask’d me lately how you did, and wifh’d me to remember him to you. So with my love to all my Brothers and Sifters, and the reft of my friends which made fo much of me lately in the Countrey ; I reft Tour dutiful Sou, ■ Land. y.Aug. 1626. J. H. X'XV. To the right Honourable the Lord Conway, Principal Secretary of State to hit Mayfly , at Hampton N Court. night Honourable, QInce I la ft attended your Lordfhip here, I fummon’d my thoughts to Counfel, and canvas’d to and fro within my felf, the bufinefs you pleas’d to impart unto me, for going upon the - King’s Service to Italy: I confidered thcrin many particulars: Firft,the weight of the imployment,and what maturity of judg¬ ment,diferetion, and parts are requir’d in him that will perfonat fuch a mail; Next, die difficulties of it, for one miift fend fom- times light out of darknefs, and like the bee fuck honey out of bad, as out of good flowers; Thirdly, the danger which the un¬ dertaker muft convers withal, and which may fall upon him by interception of Letters other crofs cafualties: Laftly; the great expence it will require being not to remain Sedentary in one place, as other Agents, but to be often in itinerary motion. Touch* Sc3. 5 . Familiar Letters. ijj Touching the firffc, I refer my felf to your Honors favourable opinion, and the character which my Lord S. and others (hall Vive of me: for the fecond, I hope toovercom it: for the third, p weigh it not, fo that I may merit of my King and Countrey; Tor the laft,I crave leave to deal plainly with your Lordlhip that ;] am a Cadet, and have no other patrimony orfupp'ort, but my breeding, therfore I muft breath by the imployment : And my |mrd,I /hall not be able to perform what /hall be expeftedat my Pdiands, under one hundred pounds a quarter,and to have bills of credit according. Upon thefe terms, My Lord, I (hall apply my. Tfelf to this fervice, and by Gods blelhng hope to anfwer all ex- Ipeftations. So referring the premifes to your Noble confident- inn, I reft. d. Sept. 8: My Lord your very bumble and ',26 ready Servitor, J. H XXVI To my Brother ( after ) Dr. Howell Bijhop of Bri&oW. iy Brother, kT Ext to my Father,’tis fitting you (hould have cognifanceof lN my affairs and fortunes. You heard IiqwI was in agitation for an employment in Italy, but my Lord Conway demurr’d upon the falary I propounded; I have now wav’d this cours,yet I came off fairly with my Lord; for I have a ftable home-employment proffer’d me by my Lord Scroop,Lord prefident of the North,who' lent for me lately to mrcejler-Hotife, though I never faw him' before, and ther the bargain was quickly made, that f (hould go down with him to r«r£for Secretary, and his Lordfhiphath promis’d me fairly,I will fee you at your houfe in Horary before I go,and leave the particular circumftances of this bufines till then. The French that came over with Her Majefty, for their petu- mcy, and fom mifdemeanors, and impofingfom odd penancy’s ipon the Queen j are all cafheer’d this week, about a matter of fixfcore, wheroftheBilhopof Mende was one, who had flood to be Steward of her Majefties Courts, which Office my Lord of Holland hath; It was a thing fuddenly don, for about one of the kas they wer at dinner,My Lord Conway ,and Sir Thomas Ed-, ids came with an Order from the King,that they muft iuftant- , ly away to Somerfet-Honfe, for there were Barges, and Co'aehesj (laying for them;and ther they (hould have all their Wages paid them to a penny,and they muft be content'to quit the Kingdoms* 178 Familiar Letters, Vol.i, This hidden undream d of Order, ftruck an aftonifhment into them all,both men and women; and running to complain to the Queen, His Maiefty had taken her before into his Bed-chamber, : and lock’d the doors upon them,untill he had told her how mat¬ ters ftood;the Queen fell into a violent palfion, broke the Glafs- Windows,and tore her Hair, but fhe was calm’d afterwards: Jufl j fuch a defliny happen’d in France fome yeers fince to the Queens; Spanijh Servants there,who were all difmifs’d in like manner for fom mifearriagesyhe like was don in Spain to the F)wb,therforc ’tis no new thing. They are all now on their way to Dover, but I fear this will breed ill-blood ’twixt us and France, and may breakout into an ill-favour’d quarrel. _ Maftcr Montague is preparing to go to Para as a Mcffenger of Honour,to prepoffefs tne King and Counfell there,with the truth of tilings. So with my very kind refpefts to my Sifter, I reft Lond. 15 Mar. Tour loving brother, 1626. J. H. XXVII. To the Right Honourable the Lord S. My Lord, T Am bound fhortly for Forl>, wher I am hopeful of a profitable _ Imployment,Ther is fearful news com from Germany, that fince Sir Charles Morgan went thither with 6000 men for the affiftancc of the King of Denmark the King hath receiv’d an utter over¬ throw by Tilly,he had receiv’d a fall off a Ho rfe from a Wall five yards high, a little before, yet it did him little hurt. Filly purfueth his victory ftrongly, and is got o’re the Five to Holfieinland, infomuch that they write from Hamburgh, that Denmark is in danger to be utterly loft: The Dams and German feem to lay fom .fault upon our King, the King upon the Parlia¬ ment,that would not fupply him with Subfidies to affift his Uncle, and the Prince Falfgrave, both which was promis’d upon the rup¬ ture of the Treaties with Spa/MjWhich was done by the advice of bothHoufes. This is the ground that His Majefly hath lately fent out privy Seals for Loan-Moneys, untill a Parliament maybe call’d,in re¬ gard that the King of Denmark is diflrefs’d, the Sound like to be loft, the Eaftland Trade, and the ftapleat Harnborougb in danger .to be deftroied, and the Fnglijh GarrifoH Under Sir Charles Mor¬ gan at stand ready to be ftarr’d. Se 8 . 5. familiar tetters. 179 Thefe Loan-moneys keep a great noife,and they are itnprifon’d that deny to conform themfelves. I fear I fhall have no more opportunity to fend to your Lord- ftiip, till I go to Tor^therefore I humbly take my leave- and kite your hands, being ever, My Lord, Tour obedient and ready Servitor, J. H. ___ _ To Mr. R. L. Merchant. I Met lately with J. Harris in London, and I had notfeen him two years before, and then I took him,and knew him to be a man of thirty, but now one would take him by his Hair to be near threefcore,for he is all turn’d gray.l wonder’d at fuch a Me- tamorphofis in fo (horta time, he told me,’Twasforthe death of his Wife, that nature had thus antedated his years •, ’tis true,that a weighty fettled forrow is of that force, that befides the con- traftion of the Spirits, it will work upon the radical moifture, and dry it up,fo mat the Hair can have no moifture at the root. This made me remember a ftory that a S[>ani(b Advocat told me, which is a thing very remarkable. When the Duke of Alva was in Bn/ Jfels ,about the beginning of the tumults in this Netherlands, he had fate down before Hidft in F/mJ:te'j,and ther was aProvoft Marlhal in his Army, who was a Kavorit of his; and this Provofthad put fom to death by fecret Commiffion from the Duke : Ther was one Captain Bolea in the Army.whowasan intimate frendoftheProvofts,& one evening late,he went to the faid Captain’s Tent, and brought with liim 3 Cmjiflor, and an 'Executioner, as it was his cuftom ; he told the Captain,that he was com to execut his Excellencies Commiffion and Marlhal Law upon him; the Captain ftarteduprfuddenly,his hair Handing at an end,and being ftruck with amazement, ant’d him wherin he had offended the Duke •, the I’rovoftanfwer’d,Sir I com not to expoftulat the bufines with you,but to execute my Commiffion, therfore I pray prepare your felf, for ther’s yoW* Ghoflty Father and Executioner : (0 he fell on his knees before the Frieft, and having done, the Hangman going to put the Halter about his neck, the Provoft threw it away, and breaking into a laughter, told him,Ther was no fuch thing, and that he haddoa • this to try his courage,how he could bear the terror of deathithe Captain lookt ghaftly upon him, and faid, Then Sir get you out Of my Tent, foy you have don n\e a very ill office: The next M 2 plowing 180 Familiar tetters. Vol. i, morning the fa id captain 5 oha, though a young man of about 30, had his hair all turn’d gray,to the admiration of all the world and of the Duke of Alva himfelf, who queflion’d him about it but he would confelTe nothing.The next year the Duke was revok’d and in his journy to the court of Spain, he was to pafs by Saragoffa, & this Captain Bolea, and the Provofl went along with him as his DomeflicsiThe Duke being to repofe font davs in Saragoffa, the young old Captain Bolca told him that thcr was a thing in that Town worthy to be feen by Hi's Excellency,which was a Caja it L acts, a Eedlam-houfe; for ther was not the like in Cirriftendom : Well faid the Duke go and tell the warden I will be ther to mor¬ row in the afternoon, and wifh him to be in the way. The Cap¬ tain having obtain’d this, went to the warden and told him, that the Duke would com to vifit the houfe the next day,& the chie- feft occafion that mov’d him to it, was, that he had an unruly Provofl about him, who was fubjeft oftentimes to fits of frenzie, and becaufe he wifhed him well, he had tried divers means to curb him, but all would not do, therfore he would trie whether keeping him clofe in Bedlam for fomdays, would do him any good-,the next day theDuke came with a ruffling train of captains after him,amongft whom was the faid Provofl,very firming brave, being entred into the houfe, about the Dukes perfon, Captain Men told the warden, pointing at the provofl, that’s the man; fo he took him afide into a dark Lobby, whcr lie had plac’d fom of his men who muffled him in his Cloak, feiz’d upon his gilt Sword with his Hat and Feather,and fo hurried him down into a dunge¬ on ; My provofl had lain ther two nights and a day,and afterwards it happen’d that a Gentleman coming out of curiofity to fee the houfe,peep’d in at a fmall grate where the provofl was-,the provofl I conjur’d him as he was a Chriftian, to go and tell the Duke of Alva, his Provofl was there clap’d up,nor could he imagine why* The Gentleman did the Arrand, whcrat the Duke being affo- nifh’dfent for the Warden with his prifoner; fo tie brought my Provofl en cuirpo Madman-like, full of ftraws and Feathers before the Duke,whoatthe firfi fight ofhim,breakingout into laughter, afk’d the Wardenrwhy he had made him his Pr:foner;Sir,faid the Warden-,'twos by vertue of your Excellencies Commiflion brought me by Captain Bolen: Bolea flep’d forth and told the Duke; Sir you have afk’d me oft,how thefe hairs of mine grew fo fuddenly gray, I have not reveal’d it yet fo any foul breathing, but now I’le tell your excellency,and fo fell a relating the paflage in Flan- rfm.AndSirl have been ever fince beating my Brains how to get unequal revenge of him, and 1 thought no revenge to be more equal or corresponding, now that you fee he hath made me old before S$. $. Familiar Letters. 181 before my time, than to make him mad if I could, and had he flayed foihe days longer clofe Prifoner in the Bedta-Houfe, it might haply have wrought fom impreffions upon his pericranium., The Duke was fo well pleas’d with the Story and the wittinefie of the revenge, that he made them both friends 5 and the Gen¬ tleman that told me this pafiage, faid, that the faid Captain SoIca was yet alive,fo that he could not belefs than ninety years ofage, I thank you a thoufand times for the Ctphalonia Mufcadel, and Margo you fentme j I hope to be fhortly quit with you for all courtefies, in the interim, I am Tour obliged friend to this 1 May ■ ferveyou, 1626. J . FL r Tofifcript;. I Amforry to hear of the trick that Sir John Ayn put upon the Company by the Box of H nil (hot ; fign’d with the Am- baffadors Seal, that he had fent fo folemnly from Conflanti- mple, which he made the world believe to be full of Chef.iins and Turfy gold. M ? Familiar Familiar LETTERS. SeBion, V, i. To Dan. Caldwall Efyfrom York. My dear D. T hough I may be termed a right Northern man being a good way this fide Trent, yet my love is as Southern as ever it was, I mean it continueth fiill in the fame degree of heat nor can this bleaker air, or Bored’s chilling blafts cool it a whit. I am the fame to you this fide Trent, as I was the lafl time we crofs’dthe Timms together to fee Smug the Smith, and fo back to the Still-yard : but I fear that your love to me doth not continue in fo conftant fe intenfe a degree, and I have good grounds for this fear, becaufe I never receiv’d onefyllable from you, fince I left London, if you rid me not of this fcruple,and fend to me fpeedily, I fhall think, though you live under a hotter clime in the Southern your former love is not only cool’d, but frozen. For this prefent condition of life,I thank God,I live well con¬ tented, I have a fee from the King, diet for my felf and two fer- vants,livry for a horfe,and a part of the Kings houfe for my lodg-' ing,& other priviledges which I am told no Secretary before me hadjbut I muft tell you, the perquifits are nothing anfwerable to my expectation yet. I have built me a new ftudy fince I came, wherin I fhall amongft others meditate fometimes on you, and whence this prefent Letter comes.So with a thoufand thanks for the plentiful Hofpitality and Jovial farewell you gave me at your Houfe in Effex, I reft heB. 5 ° Familiar Letters. 183 I II. T 0 Mr. Richard Leaf. : Qlgnor Mio,\t is now a great while methinks fince any aft of i J*)frenilfhip or other interchangeable offices of love hath pafs’d 1 between us, either by Letters, or other accuftomed ways ofcor- , refpondence^andasl will notacatft, foIgonotabouttoe/Mrmy felf in this point,let this long filence be tearm’d therfore a ajj'atl- , 9. July j 1627. Tours, j. H. ln —- To Sir Ed. Sa. Knigb, S IR, ’Ttvas no great matter to be a Prophet, and to have fore¬ told this rupture’twixt us and France upon the fudden rmvey of her Majedies fervants: for many of them had fold their eftates in France, given money for their places, and fo thought to liv.e and die in England in the 4 >neensfervice,and fo having pitifully complained to that King, therupon he hath arreded above i co of our Merchant-men that went to this Yinttge at Bourdeaur.v.~ r - . a',. . 1 184 Familiar Letters. Vol. 1, alfo take fom ttraglers of theirs, for ther are Letters of Mart gi ven on both fides. Ther are Writs ifiued out for a Parliament, and the Towns; . Richmond in Richmondjhire hath made choice of me for their Bur- gefs, though Matter chri'dophir H’ansford jind other powerful men,: and more deferving than I, flood for it. I pray God fend fait weather in the Houfe of Commons, for ther is much murmuring i about the rettraint of thofe that would not confirm to lo amnonejs, f Ther is a great Fleet a preparing,and an Army of Land-men,bit; the defign is uncertain, whether it be for Spun, or France, for we are now in enmity with both thofe Crowns. The Freni j | Cardinal hath been lately tother fide the Alps, and fettled the I Duke of Nevers in the Dutchy of Mantona, notwithttanding the | oppofition of the King of Spain and the Emperor,who allegd’d.fe That he was to receive his inveftiture from him,and that was tliel chief ground of the war;but the French arms have don the work! and com triumphantly back over the Hills again. No more now,! but that I am as always 1 Tour true friend, | March 2.1627. J. H. I To the Warfhtpfnl Mr. Alderman of the Town of j Richmond, and the reft of the worthy Members ■; of that ancient Corporation. SIR, T Receiv’d a public Inftrument from you lately, fubfcrib’d by, 4 - your felf,and divers others; wherin I find that you have made £ choice of me to be one of your Burgettes for this now near-ap- jj proaching Parliament^ could have wiih’d that you had not pat ? by Matter mndesford,and other worthy Gentlemen that flood fo - earneftly for it,who being your neighbors, had better means ,and; more abilities to ferveyou.Yetfince you have call there high re- fpeCts upon me,I will endeavor to acquit my fell of the truft,and to anfwer your expectations accordingly:And as I account this E- leCtionan honor unto me, fo I efteem it a great advantage, that fo worthy,and well experienc’d a Knight as Sir Talbot Bom is to be my Collegue and fellow-Burgefs; I fhall fleer by his compafs, and follow his directions in any thing that may concern the well- fare of your Town,and of the Precindt therof,either for redrefs of any grievance, or by propofing fom new thing that may conduce to the further benefit and advantage therof,and this I take to be {he true duty of a Parliameqtary Burgefs, without roving at ran -1 Sect. 1 }. Familiar Letters. 185 dom to generals. I hope to learn of Sir Talbot, what’s fitting to be done and I (hall apply my felf accordingly to joyn with him ' to fcrve you with my bed abilities: So I reft London, March. Tour rnojl affnred and ready frid '24. 1627, to do you fervice, J. H. “ — T 0 the Right Honour able the Lord C lifford at Knasbrugh. My Lord , T He news that filsl all our mouths at prefent,is the return of the Duke of Buckingham from the Ifle of fe,or,as fom call it, die Ifle of Rue, for the bitter fuccefs we had there ;for we had but a tart entertainment in that fait Ifland. Our firft invafion was magnanimous and brave,wherat neer upon 200 French Gen¬ tlemen perifhed, and divers Barons of quality. My Lord Nra’/wt had ill luck to diforder our Cavalry with an unruly Horfe he had. His brother Sir Charles Rich was flain,& divers more upon the re¬ treat, amor.gft others, great Colonel Gray fell into a Salt-pit, and being ready to be drown’d, lie cryed out, Cent mille. efeus pour m micon, a hundred thoufand Crowns for my ranfom, the French¬ men hearing that,preferv’d him,though lie was not worth a hun¬ dred thoufand pence.Another merry pafiage a Captain told me, That when they wer riffling the dead bodies of the French Gen¬ tlemen after the firft invafion,they found that many of them had their MiftriiTes favors tycd about their Genitories.The French do much glory to have rcpell’d us thus and they have reafonfor the truth is, they comported thcmfelvcs gallantly ; yet they confefs our landing was a notable peice of courage,and if our retreat had bin anfwerablc to the Invafion, vve had loft no honour at all. A great number of gallant Gentlemen fell on our fide, as Sir John Hey dons, Sir Jo. Bnnowes, Sir George dlundel , Sir Alex. Bret, with divers Veteran Commanders-, who came from the Netherlands to thisfervice. God fend us better fuccefs the next time, for there is another Fleet preparing to be fent under the Command of the Lord Den¬ bigh ; fo I kifs your hand, and am "lour humble Servitor, Lond , 24 of Sett. 1 86 Familiar Letters . Vol. i. VI. To the Right Honourable the LordScroop,Earl ofSm- derland, Lord Prefident of the North. My Lord, M Y Lord Denbigh is returned from attempting to relieve /fa¬ cts/,which is reduc’d to extreme exigence^ now theDuke is preparing to go again, w;th as great power as was yet rais’d: notwithftanding that the Parliament hath flown higher at him than ever ; which makes the people here hardly wifh any good fuccefs to the Expedition,becaufe he is General. The Spaniard flands at a gaze all this while, hoping that we may do the work, otherwife I think he would find fom way to relieve the Town, forther is nothing conduceth more to the uniting and flrength- ning of the French Monarchy than the reduftion of Rachel. The King hath been there long in Perfon with his Cardinal, and the flupendious works they have rais’d by Sea and Land,are beyond belief, as they fay. The Sea-works and booms were traced out by Marquis Spinola, as he was paffing that way for Spain from Flanders, The Parliament is prorogued till Michaelmas term ;Ther wer five Subfidies granted, the greateft gifts that ever Subjeftgave their King at once;andic was in requita'I that his Majefly pafs’d the Petition of Right,wherby the liberty of the free-born fubjeft is foftrongly and clearly vindicated. So that ther is a fair corre- fpondencelike to be ’twixthis Majefly and the two Houfes.The Duke made a notable Speech at the Councel-Table in joy here- ofiamongfl other paffages, one was“ That hereafter his Majeftie “would pleafe to make the Parliament his Favorit,and he to have “the honor to remain ftill his fervant, No more now but that I continue Land. 2 $.Sept. Four Lordjhips >no(l dutiful Servant, . 1625. J- H. VlL To the Right Honorable the La. Scroop Countefs of Sunderland, from Stamford. Madam, I Layyefternightat the Poft-Houfe at Stilton,uni this morning betimes the Poft-mafter came to my beds-head and told me the Duke of Buckingham was flain ; my faith was not the ftrong enough to believe it, till an hour ago I met in the way with my Lord of Rutland ( your Brother ) riding Poll towards Loudon, it pleas’d him tolighc,andllie\vme a Letter, wherinther was an exaa Se$, 5. Familiar Letters. 187 Cxaft relation of all the circumftances of this Tragcedy. Upon Saturday laft,which was but next before yefterday being Bartholomew eve, the Duke did rife up in a well difpofed humor Out of his bed, and cut a Caper or two, and being ready, and having been under the Barbers hands, (wherthe murtherer had thought to have done the deed, for he was leaning upon the Window all thewhile)he went to breakfaft attended by a great Company of Commanders, wher Mounfieur Soubize came unto him,and wbifpered him in his ear that Rocbel was reliev’d, the Duke feem’d to (light the news,which made fom think thatSw- biy went away difcontented:After Breakfaft the Duke going out Colonel Frjwftepped before him, & (topping him upon fombu- ftnefs, one Lieutenant film being behind,made a thruft with a common ten-peny knife over Fryer’s arm at the Duke,which light¬ ed fo fatally,that he (lit his heart in two, leaving the knife (tick¬ ing in the body: the Duke took out the knife,and threw it away, and laying his hand on his Sword,&drawing it half out faid,The Villain hath kill’d me, f meaning as fom think,Colonel Fryer) for there had been fom difference’twixt them, fo reeling againft a Chimney he fell down dead : The Dutchefs being with child hearing the noife below, came in her night-geers,from her Bed- Chamber, which was in an upper room, to a kind ofRayl, and thence beheld him weltring in his own blood. Felton had loft his Hat in the croud,wherin ther was a paper fowed,wherein lie declared, That the reafon which mov’d him to this aft, was no grudg of his own, though he had been far behind for his pay,and had bin put by his Captains place twice,but in regard he thought the Dukean enemy to the State, becaufe he was branded in Par¬ liament, therefore what he did was for the public good of his Countrey. Yet he got clearly down, and fo might have gonto his horfe which was tied to a hedge hard by; but hewasfo a- mazed that he mifs’d his way, and fo (truck into the paftry, where though the cry went that fom Frenchman had don’t, he thinking the word was Felton, he boldly confeiled ’twas he that iiad done the deed,and fo he was in their hands: jad^ Stamford would have runat him, but he was kept offbyMr. Nicholas , fo being carried up to a Tower,Captain Mince, toaroffhis fpurs, and asking how he durft attempt fuch an aft, making him be¬ lieve the Duke was not dead, heanfwer’d boldly that he knew Ire was difpatch’d, for twas not he, but the hand of Heaven tliac gave the ftroak,and though his whole body had been cover’d 0- ver with armour of proof he could not have avoydedit. Captain Charles Frice went Poll prefently to the King four miles off, who being at Prayers on his knees when it was told him,yet he never 188 Familiar Letters. Vol. r, filir’d,nor was lie diflurb’d a whit till all divine fervice was don, This was the relation as far as my memory could bear, in my Lord of Rutlands Letter, who will’d me to remember him unto your Lady/hip, and tell you that he was going to comfort your neece(the Dutches)as fail as he couldiand fo I have fent the truth of this fad flory to your Ladyfliip, as fall as 1 could by this Pod, becaufe I cannot make that fpeed my felf,in regard of fom bufines I have to difpatch for my Lord in the way* fo I humbly take my leave, and relf Stamford, Aug. 5. roar Ladylhip mojl dutiful 1622. Servant J. H. IX. . To the right Honourable Sir Peter Wichts his AH ]e{Ues'\Ambdffador at Conftantinople. My Lord, Y Ours of the 4 . of July came to fafe hand,and I did all thofe particulars recandos, you enjoyned me to do to fom of your friends here. The Town of Rochel hath bin fatal and infortunate to England, for this is the third time that we have attempted to relieve her, but our fleets and forces return’d without doing any thing. My Lord of L infey went thither with the fame fleet the Duke intern dcd to go on, but he is return’d without doing anyroad,he made fom fliotsat the great boom and other baricadoes at Sea, but at fuch a diftance; that they could do no hurt: Infomuch that the Town is now given for loft, and to be pafs’d cure, and they cry out, we have betrayed them; At the return of this Fleet two of the whelp were caft away and three Ihips more, and fom five fliips who had fom of thofe great Hones, that were brought to build Rauls, for ballaftand for other ufes within them , which could promife no good fuccefs, for I never heard of any thing that prospered which being once defigned for the honour ofGod was aleinated from that ufe,The Queen enterpofeth for the re- leafcment of my Lord of Newport & others who are prifoners of War,I hear that all the colours they took from us are hung up in the great Church Noftre Dame, as tropheysinPara. Since I be¬ gan this Letter ther is news brought that Rochel hath yeelded,& that the King hath difmantled the Town, and raz’d all the forti¬ fications landwards, but leaves thofe Handing which are toward the Sea. It is a mighty exploit the French King hath don,for Ro¬ chel was the chiefeft propugnacle of the Proteftants there, and now queftionlesallthereftoftheir cautionary towns which they SiU. 5 * Familiar Letters. I89 kept for their own defence will yeeld, fo that they mud depend hereafter upon the Kings meer mercy. I hear of an overture of : Peace’twixt us and Spain, and that my Lord Cottington is to go i thither, and Von Carlos. Colonuno come to us. God grant it, for you know the faying in Spanifh Huncavi tan malafa%, qm no ; furu major, q •, la mijor guerra. It was a bold thing in- England, to fail out with the two greateft Monarches of chrlfiendom, and to have them both her enemies at one time, and as glorious a thing it was to bear up againd them.God turn all to the bed, and i difpofe of things to his glory; So I red London , i Soft. Y our Lordfops ready 1628. Servitor, J. H. ' “ : X. 4 To my Cofen Mr. St. Geon, at Cbrift-Cbitrch Colledge in Oxford. C Ofen, though you want no incitements to go on in that fair road of vertue wher you are now running your cours,yet be¬ ing lately injyour noble fathers company,he did intimate unto me that any thing which came from me would take with you very much. I hear fo well of your proceedings, that I fhould, rather commend than incourage you. I know you were remov’d to Ox¬ ford in full maturity, you wer a gcod Orator, a good Poet, and / good Linguid for your time ; I would not have that fate light upon you, which ufeth to befall fom, who from golden Students, becom jliver Batchelors,and Leaden Matters,I am far from enter- ■ taming any fuch thought of you, that Logic with her quiddities, : and Qua Ca zel Hyps, can any way unpolifh your human dudies: ' As Logic is elubfided and crabbed, fo fhe is terrible at fird fight, die is like aGorgonsheadtoa young dudenr, but after a twelve months condancy and patience, this Gorgonshead will prove a meer bugbear •, when you have devour’d the Organon, you will find Philofophy far more delightful and plealfing to your palat: In feeding the foul with knowledge,the underdanding re- guieeth the • fame confecutif ads which nature ufeth in nourifh- ing the body. To the nutrition of the body,theraretwo Eftential conditions requir’d, affnniptiois,snd ritmtknfhen ther follows two more,wi'.|/; and coneodion and agglutination or adlize- fion:So in feeding your foul with Science,you mud fird afitime and fuck in the matter into your apprehenf!on,tiien mud the me¬ mory retain and keep k in, afterwards by deputation, difeours, and meditation it mud be well concoded; then mud it be agglu¬ tinated and converted to nurdment 5 All this may be reduc’d to tliofe . 190 Familial' Let ten. Vol. x, thefe two heads, tmirefideliteri & ati fdiciier which are two of the happieft properties in a ftudeiitither is an other ad requir’d . to good concoftion, call’d the aft of Fxpulfion, which puts off all that is unfound and noxious, fo in ftudy there mud: be an expul- five vertue to (hun all that is erroneous,& there is no fcience but is full of fuch Huff, which by direftion or Tutor, and choice of good Books muff be excern’d. Do not confound your felf with multiplicity of Authors,two is enough upon any Science,provi- , ded they be plenary and orthodox,Philofnpby fliould be yourfub- ; ftantial food, Pottry your banqueting fluff-, Pbilofophy hath more ' of reality in it then any knowledge, the Philofopher can fadam ; the cjeep, meafure Mountains, reach the Stars with a fluff, and blefs Heaven with a girdle. I But amongfl thefe fludies you muff not forget th zunhnm necef farium, on Sundays and Holy-dayes, let Divinity be the foie ob- jeft of your fpeculation, in comparifon whereof other know-1 ledge is but cobweb learning; prxqna qnifquilia astera. | When you can make truce with fludy, I fhould be glad you f would employ fom fuperfluous hour or other to write unto me,for E I much covet your good, becaufe I am f T our ajj'eftionat Cofen, J. H. | London 25. Oiiob, 162% I XI. To Sir Sackvil Trevor Knight Noble Vncle 1 I Send you my humble thanks for the curious Sea-chefl of glaf- fes you pleas’d to bellow on me. which 1 fhallbe very chary to keep as a Monument of your lov.I congratulat alfo the great honour not have got lately by taking away the Spirit of France, I mean Sy taking the third great Veffel of her Sea-Trinity, Her Holy Spirit ,which had bin built in the mouth of the Texel for the ferviceofher King : without complementing with you, it was one of the beft exploits that was perform’d fmce the wars be¬ gan, and befides the renown you have purchas’d, I hope your reward will be according from his Majefly, Whom I remember you fo happily preferv’d from drowning in ail probability at St. Anderas road in Spain. Though Princes guerdons come flow, .yet they come fure : And it is oftentimes the method of God •Almighty himfelf to be long both in his rewards and puniffi- Se&.$. Familiar tetters. , ipi As you have bereft die French of their Saint Efprit, their Holy Snrit, fo ther is news that the Hollander have taken from Spain, all her Saints ; I mean fades los fantos,' which is one of the chlefeft ftaples of Sugar in Brafil.No more but that I wifli you all health, honour,and hearts defire. Tour much obliged Nephew and, London , 2 6, ofOftob. 1625. Servitor, j. H. XII. To Captain Tho. B .from York.- \T oble Captain, Yours of the firft of March was deliver’d me CN by Sir Richard Scot, and I held it no profanation of this Sunday evening confidering'the quality of my fubjeft,and hav¬ ing (I thank Godfor it) performed all Church duties,to employ fom hours to meditat on you, and fend you this friendly falute, though I confefs in an unufual monitory way.My dear Captain, I love you perfectly well, I love both your perfon and parts which are not vulgar, I am in love with your difpofition which is gene¬ rous, and I verily think you wer never guilty of any Pufillani- mous aft in yourlife:Nor is this love of min conferr’dupon you gratis,but you may challenge it as your due,and by way of corre- fpondence, in regard of thofe thoufand convincing Evidences you have given me of yours to me, which afcertain me, that you take aieforatrue friend-, Now I am of the number of thofe, that had rather commend the vertue of an enemy,than footh the vi¬ ces of a friend, for your own particular, if your parts of vertue, and your infirmities were cart into a ballance, I know the firft would much out-poife the otherjyet give me leave to tell you that ther is one frailty,or rather ill-favour’d cuftom that reigns in you, which weighs much,it isa humour of [wearing in all yourdifcour- fes, and they are not flight, but deep, far fetch’d Oaths that you are wont to rap out, which you ufe as flowers of Rhetoric to en-. force a faith upon the hearers,who believe you never the more, and you ufe this in cold blood when you are not provok’d,which makes the humour far more dangerous-,I know many/and I can¬ not fay I my fdf am tree from it, God forgive me) that being tranfported with choler, and as it were made drunk with paflion by fom fudden provoking accident, or extreme ill fortune at play will let fall Oaths and deep Proteftations. but to belch out, and 192 Familiar Letters , Vol. 1, fend forth as it were,whole volleys ofOthes and Curfes m a cak humour, to verifie every trivial difeours is a thing'of horrour. I knew a King that being crofs’d in his game would amongft his Oaths fall on the ground, and bite the'very earth in the rough ofhispaftion ; I heard of another King ( Henry the fourth of Tram ) that in his higheft diftemper would fwear,but Ventre di Saint Gris, by the belly of Saint Gris ; I heard of an Italian, that having been much accu framed to blafpheme, was wean’d from it by a pretty while,for having bin one night at play,and loft all his money, after many execrable Oaths, and having offer’d money to another to go out to face heaven and defic God, he threw himfelfupon a Bed hard by, and there fell a fleep; The other Gamfters plaid on ftill, and finding that he was fall afleep, they put out the candles, and made fembiance to play on ftill,they fell a wrangling and fpckefo loud that he awaked, he hearing them play on ftill fell a rubbing his eyes, and his confidence prcfcntly prompted him that he was ftruck blind, and that Gods judge¬ ment had defervedly fallen down upon him for his blafphemies, and fo he fell to figh and weep pitifully ; a Ghoftly Father was fent for,who undertook to do fom afts of penance for him,if he would make a vow never to play again or blafpheme, which he did, and fo the Candles were lighted again, which he thought were burning all the while; fo lie became a perfeft Convert, 1 could wifli this Letter might produce the fame effeft in you:Ther is a ftrong Text,that the curie of heaven hangs alwayes over the dwelling of the fwearer,and you have more fearful examples of miraculous judgments jn this particular,than of any other fin. Ther is a little Town in Langnedo: in Fm«,that hath a multi¬ tude of the Pictures of the Virgin /toy up and down, but ftieis made to carry Chrift in her right arm contrary to the ordinary cufto;n,and the reafon they told me was this, that two Gamfters being at play,and one having loft all his money,& bolted out mac ny blafphemies, he gave a deep Oath, that that whore upon the wall meaning the picture ofthe bieficdVirgin,was the caufeofbis ill luck,hereupon the child removed imperceptibly from the left arm to the right,& the man fell ftark dumb ever after; thus went the tradition therithis makes me think upon the Lady Sontbmis news from Utopia, that he who fweareth when he playeth at dice, may challenge his damnation by way of purchafc.This infandoui cuftom of Swearing I obferve reigns'in England lately more than any wher elfe, though a dram in his higheft puff of paftiony fwcara hundred thoufand Sacraments, the Italian by the wiiore of God the French by his death, the Spaniard by his fic'h, the ml'iman by his first!, the irijhnan by his (ire minds, though St&. 4. Familiar Letters log the Scot commonly bids the Devil bale bis foul, yet for variety of Oathes the Hug lift) Roarers put down all: Confider well what a. dangerous thing it is to tear in peices that dreadful Name which' makes the vaft fabric of the world to tremble, that holy name wherin the whole Hierarchy of Heaven doth triumph,that blifsful Name,wherin confifis the fulnefs of all felicity.! know this cuftom in you yet, is but a light difpoftion , ’ds no habit l hope, let me therefore conjure you by that power frendfhip, by that holy ligue oflove which is between us, that you would fupprefs it be¬ fore it com to that,for I mud tell you that thofe who could find in their hearts to love you for many other things, do difrefpeft you for this,they hate your Company,and give no credit to what- foever you fay, it being one of the punishments of afweareras well as of a lyar nottobebeleived when hefpeaks truth. Excufemethat I am fo free with you, what I write proceeds' from the clear current of a pure affeaion,& I (lull heartily thank you, and take it for an argument of love, if you tell me of my, wcaknefles, which are (God wot)fiy drops that bang on crops. His wonders fliow. 7. Pure Element of fire with holy fpar(s inflame This fiblunary quire. That all one Confort frame, Tlnir fpiritsraife, to trumpet forth their Mailers worth, And fund his praife. ; 8. T; glorious Lamps that mi | In your celestial Sphears All under his controttle, who you on poles up bears. Him magnifle, , . yee Planets bright, and fixed lights That deckjhe s^ie. Vol. L Familiar letters. - ' if 5 9. 0 Heaven Cryftalline, which by'tby watry Im Vo'je temper and refine ' tbs rest. in ayiir'd bins. . His glory found _ ' than firsi Mobile, ■which rnaJfsl all wheel In circle round. io Tsglorias fouls who raign ■ In [empitmal joy, Free from tbofs cans and pain which hire did you annoy., And him behold . in whom all blifs concentred is, His laud unfold. ■ 11.E hfl Maid which dofc[unmount all Saints and Ssrapbiss, And reign'll as Varammnt -,' And cheif of Cherubinis, Chant out his praife who in the womb, nhv mouths toolroom Tuoueb crown'd with rayis. 12. Oh let my foul and heart, My mend and memory h nl 1 > n a pan, And joyn witn earth and sty. Let every wight we whole world on luo. and adore The Lorn 0f light. All your friends here are well, Tom Tonvg excepted,who I fear hath not long to live amongft us: fo I reft, York, the i. of Aug. Tour true friend, 1623- - j. H. ■ XIII. To Will. Auftin, Efq. .SIR, I Have many thanks to give you for that excellent Poem you lent me upon the paffion of Chrift, furely you were pbilefs’d with a very ftrong fpirit when .you pen’d it,you wer becom at r'a Enthufiaft: for, let medefpair if I lye unto you,.all the while- I was perufmg it,dt ccra'mcted holy .rapes upon my foul, me thought I felt my heart melting within my bred, ferny thoughts tranfported to a true Ely hum all the while,ther were foch tiexa- ' nimotts ftrong ravifliing drains throughout it. To deal plainly with you, it were an injury to the public good, not to expofe to ’open light luch divine raptures, for they have an edifying power in them, and may be term’d the very quinteiTence of devotion ■, youdifeover in them what a rich talent you have, which (hould not be buried within the w alls of a priv it Rudy,or pal's through a few particular hands,but appear in public view,and to the light o ? theworld, to the enriching of others, as they did me in reading ' them.Therfore I lhalllong to fee them pafs. from the Eankfide to 1 96 Familiar Letters. Vol. 1. Tads Church-yard, with other precious peeces of yours, which you have pleas’d to impart unto me Oxford 20 Aug. Tom moll affectionate XIV. To Sir J.S. Knight. SIR, Y Ou writ to me lately for a Footman, and I think this hearer will fit you: I know he can run well, for he hath run away twice from me, but he knew the way back again: yet, though lie hath a running head as well as runnmg'heels, (and who will ex- peft a footman to be a (fayed man?) I would not part with him were I not to go poft to the North. There be fom things in him that anfwer for his waggeries, he will com when you call him, go when you bid him, ana fhut the door after him; he is faithful and (lout, and a lover of his matter: He is a great enemy to all dogs, if they bark at him in his running; for I have feen him confront a huge maftifF, and knock him down: when you go a Countrey journey, or have him run with you a hunting, you mutt fpirit him with liquor, you mutt allow him alfo fomthing extraordinary for focks, elfe you mutt not have him to wait at your table; when his greafe melts in running hard, ’tis fubjeft to fall into his toes. 1 fend him you but for tryal, if he be not for your turn, turn him over to me again when I com back. The beft news I can fend you at this time, is, that we are like to have peace both with France and Spain , fo that Hamich-nm, your neighbours, (hall not hereafter need to fear the name of SpinoU, who ftruck fuch an apprehenfion into them lately, that I unde-r- ttand they begin to fortify. I pray prefent my moft humble fervice to my good Lady, and at my return from the North I will be bold to kifs her hands, and yours; folam Land. 25 of May Tour much obliged 1628. Servitor,]. H. SIR, Te my Father. O UR two younger brothers which you fent hither, are dif-| pofed of; my brother Doftor hath placed the elder of the two with Mr. Bow, a Mercer in cheap ffde, and he took much pains j se8. 4. Familiar Letters. | pains ink, and I had plac’d my brother Ned with Mr. Barrington, a Silk-man in the fame ftreet, but afterwards for fome inconveni* ences, I remov’d him to one Mr. S»ihh at the Flower-de-luce in Lmbaul-(lmt , a Mercer alfo ; their Mahers are both of them ve¬ ry well to pafs, and of good repute •, I think it will prove fome advantage to them hereafter, to be both of one trade; becaufe when they are our of their time, they may joyn hocks together; So that I hope, Sir, they are well plac’d as any two youths in London, but you muhnotufe to fend them fuch large tokens in : money, for that may corrupt them. When I went to bind my ' brother Ned apprentice in Hrujm-JM,calling my eyes upon the ; Chimney-peece of the great room, I might fpy a pifture of an. i ancient Gentleman, and underneath Thomas Howel ; I ask’d the : Clerk about him, and he told me that he had been a Spanijh Mer-, chant in Hemy the eighths time, and coming home rich, and dy- i ing a Eatcbclor, he gave that Hall to the Company of Drapers, : with other tilings, fo that he is accounted one of their chiefeft Eenefaftois. I toldtheClerk,thatoneofthefonso’fItowr Howel came now thither to be bound, he anfwered, that if he be a right ; Howell, he may have when he is free three hundred pounds to help to fet up, and pay no intereft for five years. It may be here¬ after we may make ufe of this. He told me alfo, that any Maid j that can prove her Father to be a true Howell,may come and de- \ wand fifty pounds towards her portion of the faid Hall. I am to go port towards L'orly to morrow, to my charge, but hope, God willing, to be here again the next Term: So with my love to my Brother Howell, and my Sifter his Wife, I reft Lond. 7,0 Sept. Tour dutiful Son, 1629. J. H. XVI. To my Brother Dr. Howell atjefus Colledg in Oxon, B Bother, I have fent you here inclofed, Warrants for four brace of Bucks, and a Stag; the laft Sir Arthur Manwaring pro¬ cur’d of the King for you,towards the keeping of your Aft,I have fent you a Warrant alfo for a brace of Bucks out of n’addon Chace; hcfides, you fliall receive by this Carrier a great Wicker Hamper, with two jouls of Sturgeon, fix barrels of pickled Oyftcrs, three barrels of Bologna Olives, with fome other Spanijh commodi¬ ties. My Lord Prefident of the North hath lately made me Patron pf a living hard by Hmly, call’d Hambledon , it is worth five hundred N 3 pounds Familiar Letters. - ■ Vol. i, pounds a year conwmikis amis,*, ndthc now Incumbent; Dr.P/ 7 - / vc d corpulent: My Lord by le- sal inflrmncnt hath tranfmkted die nest Advoufon to me for fa- D iw and two or three more have been with me about it, but I always intended to make the' fine proffer to you, thenore I pray think of it, a fum of money muft be had,but you (hall be at no trouble for that, if you only will fccare it (and defire one more who I know will do it for you) S: i: iha!! appear unto you that you have it upon far better terms thananv edier. It is as finely fituated as any Rectory can be,for it is about the mid-way ’twixe Oxford and -London, it lies upon the pvr.:s.?.n& the Glebe-land Houfe is very large and lair, and not dilapidated; fo that conildering all tilings,' it is as good as fom Bifhopricks: I know his Majefty is gracious unto you,and you may well erpefc fom preferment that way,butfuch livings as thefe are no: to be iiad evry where. I dunk you for inviting me to your aft, I will be with you the next week, God willing; and hope to find mv Father there : So with mv kind Irtve to Dr. ManfilMx. To ay Father Mr. Ben. Johnfon. ThAther B:';:. yhlk'oi jit magnum hgahv /« mixtm demntU, JP ther’s no great wit without fom mixture of madnefs,fo faith the Philofopher, nor was he a fool whoanfwercd,ws:jwnuKm,//»!’ mixtm ft e, nor final] wit without fo-n allay of foolifhnefs. Touching Tu it is verified in you, for I find that you iiaye been often.; - ; mad, you were mad when you writ your Fo.tyand madder v.\;;v m writ your Alchemist ; you were mad when you writ your :v. : Tv, and ftark mad when you writ Sejanns ; but when you v.:>: your Epigrams, and the Magnetic Lady you were not fo mad: Infomuch that I perceive there be degrees of mad- nefs in you. Excufe me that I am fo free with you. The mad -1 nefslmean is'that divine fury, that heating and heightning Spirit which O-Md ipeas If D ms in nebis agit.nu cd-fcims ilk : that true enthufiafrn hich tranfports, and elevates the fouls of Poets, above the mid- e Region of vulgar conceptions, and makes them foaf up to eaveu to touch the (tars with their laurell’d heads, to walk in e zidiac with Apollo himfelf,and command Mercury upon their rand. 1 ~ ' • I can Sr-IL*. Familiar Letters 19'y I cannot yet light upon Doflor Davits his Welch Grammar,be¬ fore Chridmas I afn promis’d one; So defiring yon to look better hereafter to your charcoal-fire and chimney, which I am glad to be one that preferv’d from burning, this being tire fccond time that JT.lcx;; hath threaten’d you, it may be becaufe you have fpo- keti ill of his wife, and been too bufy with his horns; I reft XVIII. To Sir Arthur Ingram at bis houfe in York. SIR, I Have fent you here with a hamper of Melons, the bed I could . find in any of Tnthilfield gardens,and with them my very hum¬ ble fervicc and thanks for all favors, and lately for inviting ‘me to your new noble Houfe at Tyr.plc Xnvfim- when I return to Torl^fbin : To this I may anfwer you, as my Lord Cool^ was an-. fiver'd by a .A lorfollf Countrey-man,who had afute depending h the Kings-Bench againd fom neighbours touching a River that us’d to annoy him ; and Sir Edvard Co asking how he call’d the River, he anfwer’d, My Lord, I need not call her, for (he is for¬ ward enough to com of her filf. So 1 may fay, That you need not call me to any houfe of yours, for I am forward enough to com without calling. My Lord Prefident is Hill indifpos’d at Dr. Vappiers, yet lie writ to me lately, that he hopes to be at the next fitting in Tuv/>: So wirli a tender of my mod humble fervicc to my noble good Lady, I red XIX. To R. S. E[q\ SIR , T Am one of them, who value net a cDtirtedc that hangs long be- } twist the fingers. I love not tliofe dfcafi bmejicia, thofebird- iiin’d kindneiies which Pliny fp'eaks of; nor would I receive mo¬ ney in a dirty clout, if poilibly I could be without it; Therfore' I return you the courtefie by the fame hand that brought it, it might have pleafur’d me at fird, but the expedatiou of it hath prejudic’d me, and now perhaps you may have more need of it than insiminf.^ 5 Aug. Tour bumble Servitor, ■ 1(520. y.H. N 4 XX. TKenelme Digby Knight. SI R, G ive me leave to congratulat your happy return from the Lr- vant, and the great honour you haveacquir’d by your gallant 0 com 2io Familiar Letters;. Vol f, comportment in klgier, in rcfcuing fo many Englifh (laves: by bearing up fo bravely againft die Venetian Fleet intheBavof Scandcrm\<\n& making the Pantdoni to know themfelvcs andjw better. I do not remember to have read or heard that thofe huge Galleaffes of Saint Alari^ were beaten afore. I give you the joy, alfo that you have born up againft the Venetian Ambaffa- dor here, and vindicated your felfof thofe foul fcandals he had cafe upon you in your abfence:Wheras you defire me to joyn with my Lord Cottington and others to make an Affidavit touch¬ ing Bartlwtatw Spinola, whether he be Vezino de Madrid, vh. free Denifon of Spain, I'am ready to ferve you herein, or to do any other office .that may right you, and tend to the making of your pri7.e good.Yet Iamveryforry that our hllippo Merchants luffer’d fo much. I (hall be (hortly in London, and I will make the greater fpeed becaufe I may ferve you,So I humbly kifs my noble Ladies hand, and reft mflmin. 2$. Novemli. Your thrice afored, 162$. Servitor]. H. ~xxxm; . ~ To the Right honorable Sir Peter Wichts Atnbr. at Conftantinople. SIR, M After Simon Digby deliver’d me one from your Lordffiips of the firft of June-,md I was extreamiy glad to have it,for I had receiv’d nothing from your Lordffiip a twelve month be- fore.Mr. Controler Sir Tho.Edmonds is lately return’d from France, having renew’d the peace which was made up to his hands be¬ fore by the Venetian Amba(Tador,vvho had much labour’d in it, • and hath concluded all things beyond the Alts when the King of France was at Sufa to relieve Cafal. The Monfier abac was to fetch him from Saint Denis to Paris, put a kind of jeering complement upon him,w\.that his Excellency fhould not think it ftrange,that he had fo few French Gentlemen to attend in this fcrvice,to ac¬ company him to the Court, in regard ther wer fo many kill’d at the Ifle of Rte.The A/arquis of chateau neuf is here from France, andit was an odd fpeech alfo from him reflecting upon Mr. Con, trouler, that the Ring of great Britain us'd to fend for, his Ambajjd- elors from abroad to plnciCapons at home, Mr. Burlimac^is to go (hortly to Paris to recover the other moity of her Majefties portion;wherof they fay my Lord of Hol¬ land is to give a good (hare ; The Lord Treafurer H’tfton is he ' who Vol i. Familiar Letters. see who had’ the greatefl vogue now at Court,but manjv great ones have clafli’d with hira:He' is fo potent, -that I hear his elded Spn is to marry one of the BIoud-Royal of Scotland fhe Duke of fe- nox Sider, and that with his Majedies content. Bifhop Land of London is alio powerful in his way, for lie fits at the helm of the Church,and doth more than any of the two Areh-Bifhops,orall the red ofhistvvoand twenty brethren bcfides. In your nest I fhould be glad your Lordfhip would do me the favour, as to write how'the grand Signor is like to fpeed before JUgdat, in this his P erf an expedition. No more now but that, I ahvayes red /; efnuin. i Jan. lour Lordfips ready and mo[t 1629. faithful fm-itor J. H. XXXIV. ’ To My Father. SIR, Qlr Tno. Wentworth hath been a good while Lord Preddent of 1 J Tortf and fmee is fworn Privy Councellor,and made Baron & Vicount, the Duke of 7 euefingham himfelf flew notfo high in fo fliort a revolution of time; He was made Vicount with a great deale of high ceremony upon a Sunday in the afternoon at r.'fte-H ill ; My Lord Pnvis (j who affefts him not much Jbeing told that the heralds had fetch’d his pedegree from the blond ro\ aljivi'.from John r.fC.untf\iA,Dam»iy if ever be com to be King j of England I willt mi A’.iv/.'.When I went fil’d to give him joy, } lie pleas’d to give me the difpofing of the next Atturney’s place tiut falls void in Yorf, which is valued at three hundred pounds. I nave- no reafon to leave my Lord of Sunderland, 'for I hope lie will be noble unto me,the perquifits of my place,taking the Kings fee away,cam far fliort of what he promis’d me at my fird com- irnng to him,in regard of his non refidence at Yor^, therefore I hope he will confider it fom other way This Ianguifhing fleknes dill nangs on him, and I fear will make an end of him. Tiler’s none can tell what to make of it, but he voided lately a ftrange Worm at/,"d£ta?but I fear ther’s an impodume growing in him, for lie told me a pafiage,how many years agJtml,\v\\cr I had provided an accommodation for him, though he intended to have gon for Hamburgh, but I was bold to tell him, that in regard there were fome umbrages, and net onelyfo, but open and aftual differences ’twixt the Ring aiid that Town,it might be ill taken, if he went thither ffrft,before he had attended theKing. So I left my Lord at G//.'£/md,and being com hither to take up 3ooo.rich Dollcrs upon Mr. Rmlamacbts Bills,and fetcht Mr. Avery cur Agent here ; I terurn to morrow to attend my Lord again. I find that matters are much off the hinges ’twixi the King of and this Town. The King’of Sweden is advancing apace to find out ivallesiein, and wdlesitin him,and in all appearance they will be Ihortly en¬ gag’d- ‘ Nomorenow,forlaminterpell’dbymany bufinenes; when yon write, deliver your Letters to Mr. Kail tan,who will fee them (afely convey’d, for a little before my departure I brought him acquainted with my Lord, that he might negotiat fom tilings at Court.So with my fervice and love to all at ypellmMer. I reft Tour faithful fervitor ]. H. Hamburgh, Oftob; 23 1632, 5 * Familiar Letters. 221 To my Lord Vifceunt S .from Hamburgh. rlncc I was lad in Town, iny Lord of Leictjhr hath attended iTi'ne Kin?of Dmurkx Rehsbmgb in Holjleinlasd he was brought thither from Ghkjadm indifferent good equipage,both for Coaches and Waggons, but he flayed Com dayes at Reinsburg for A tidier,ce : we made a comly gallant fhew in that kind,when v, e went to Court, for we were near upon a hundred all of one peece in mourning: It pleas’d my Lord to make me the Orator, and lb I made a long fpeech, altavoce , to the King in Latin, of the occafion of this Ambaflie, and tending to the praife of the dcceafed fiueen: and I had better luck then Secretary Nan- m had lorn thirty years fince, with Roger Earl of Rutland : for at the beginning of his Speech,when he had pronounc’d Smnitli- k A'r:\he was defil’d out of countenance, and fo gravell’d’ that he could go no further ; Tirade another to Christian the fifth,his elded Son King ele& of Vvmv\-. for though that Crown be purely eleftif,yct for the fc three lad Kings, they wrought fo with the people, that they got their elded Sons chofen,and declar’d before their death, and to afi'umc the Title of Kings eleft. At the fame Audience, I made another Speech to Prince Frederic, Arch’ji.hop of Bremi, the Kings third Son, and he hath but one mcre( betides his natural iduejwhich is l’rincc «/i7r,now in the Wars w ith the Cuke of S.tramd they fay ther is an alliance con- trafted already,’twixt Chrifrun. the fi fth,and the Duke of Sax his daughtcr.This ceremony being perform’d my Lord defir’d to find his own diet, till then he fell to divers bufinefics, which is not fitting ior me to foredal or imp in to your Lordfltip now, fo we (hied there near upon a momh : The Kingfeadcdmy Lord once,and it laded from eleven of the clock,till towards the even¬ ing,during which time, the King began thirty five healths: the find to the Emperor, the fccond to his Nephew of England ,and fo went over all the Kings and Queens of Chridendom, but he never remembered the Prince Valfgnves health, or his necc’sall the while,the King was taken away at lad in his chair,but my Lord of Ldislhr bore up doutlv all the while, fo that when ther cam two of the Kings Guard to take him by the Arms,as he was going down the flairs, my Lord/boa^them oft and went alone. Tire next morning I went to Court for fom difpatchcs,but the King was gqn a hunting at break of day, but going to fom other of his Officers, their fervantsto'd me without any appearance of fhame, That their Naders were drunk over night, and fo it would be late before they would rife. A few dayes after we went to Gotha? Casih in Slefmc^lanifo tiie Duke of Uolpias Court, where at my Lords fird audience. I 222 Familiar Letters. Vol. i, made another Latin Speech to the Duke,touching his Grand-Mo. thers death: our entertainment ther was brave (though a little fulfom) My Lord was lodg’d in tee Dukes Cafllc, and parted with Prefcnts, which is more then the King of T>mnm\ did; thence we went to Hnfem in Ditx>narjh, to the Dutchefsof Hi- {bins Court ( our£ueen Anns youngefl Site,) where he had a!, fo very full entertainment-,I made a fpeecli to her alfo,about her Mothers death, and when I nam’d the Lady Sophia, the tears came down her cheeks, Thence we came back to Rbeinsfing. and fo to this Town of Hamburgh, where my Lord intends to re- poi'e Com dayessafteran abrupt odd journey we had through Hoi- slenland, but I believe it will not be long, in regard S\r JohnVin- nington ftayes for him upon the River. We expeft Sir Robert An- (Inithsr to com from Vienna hither, to take the advantage of the Kings /hip. We underhand that the Imperial and Sitedifh army have made near approaches one to another, and that fom skirmillics and blows have been already’twixt them; which are the forerunners of a battle. So my good Lord I reft Tour mSt bumble and faithful Hamburgh, 9. OBob. Servitor, J. H. 1532. III. To the Right honourable the Earl K.from Hamburgh My Lord, '“["’Hough your Lordfliip mufl needs think, that inthe imploy- i ment I am in ( which requiresa whole man )my fpirits mull be diftrafted by multiplicity ofbufinefs;yet Ibecaufe I would not Kcede from my old method,and firft principles of travel, when I came to any great City, to couch in writing what’s mold obfer- vable, I fequeftred my felf from other Affairs,to fend your Lord- fhip what followeth touching this great Haw-Town - The Hans or Hanfiatic ligue is very ancient, fom would derive the word from hand, becaufc they of the focicty plight their faith by that action : Others derive it from Hanfa, which in the Gothic toung is Councel: Others would have it com from Han¬ der fee, which figniftes neer or upon the Sea, and this pafleth for the bell Etymology,becaufe their Towns are allfeatedfo,orupon fom navigable River neer the Sea. The extent of the old Hans was from the Nerve in Livonia to the Kite,and contains 62 great Mercantill Towns, which wer divided to four preci lifts : The chlefefl of the firft Precinft was Ltec£,wher the Archivs of their ancient records, and their prime Chancery is Hill,and this Town ydi. Familiar Lctier 223 is within that Verg e-.culltn is chiefof the fecond Precinft :'Brunf- v.’ic of the third: and D.inty c, of the fourth. The Kings of Pa- tod,and Sweden have fued to be their Proteftor,but they refus’d them, becaufe they were not Princes of the Empire, they put off slfo the King of Denmark. with a complement,nor would they ad¬ mit the King of Spain when he was moft potent in the Nether¬ lands though afterwards when ’twas too late,they defir’d the help of the Ragged [tafnor of the Duke of Anjou, notwithflanding that the world thought he fhould have maried our Queen,who inter¬ ceded for him, and fo ’twas probable,that therby they might re¬ cover their priviledges in England, fo that I do not find they ever had any Prote; My Lord, I pray be pleas’d to difpence with the prolixity of j. this Difcours,for I could not wind it up clofer,nor on a lefierbot- p tom. I fiiall be careful to bring withmethofe Funs I had in- Pmftions for: So I reft Tour Ltrdjhips mo(l bumble Hamburgh, 20 OHob. Servitor, 1632. ' J.H. n r . t» p 225 Tamiliar Utters. Vok i, IV. T o Cap. J. Smith at the Hague. Captain, H Avingfo wifhful an opportunity as t!:is Noble Gentleman Mr. James Crofts,' who corns with a Packet for the Lady Eli - t %aheth from my Lord of L eicefter, I could not but fend you this I friendly falute. We are like to make a fpeedier return then we expefted from this Ambaffie-, for we found the King of Denmark in Holjlein, which fliortned our voyage from going to the Sound ; The King was in an advantagious pofture to give audience, for ther was a Parliament then atK«'/wiw£,wher all the Yonkers met. Amongft other things, I put my felf to mark the carriage of the Holjlein Gentlemen,as they wer going in & out at the Parliam Houfe ■, and obferving well their Phyfiognomies, their Complexi¬ ons,& Gate, I thought verily I was in England, for they refemble the Englijh more, than either mlfh or Scot ( though cohabiting upon the fame Ifland J or any other people, that ever I faw yet; which makes me verily believe, that the Englifb Nation came firlt from this lower circuit of Saxony and there is one thing that ftrengthneth me in this belief, that ther is an ancient Town hard by call’d Undin and an Ifland call’d Angles ; whence it may well be that our Countrey came from Britannia to be Anglia. This Town of Hamburgh fromafociety of Brewers is com to be a huge wealthy place, and her new Town is almoft as big as the oldjTher is afhrew’d jar ’twixt her and her Protector, the King of Denmark. My Lord of Leicejfer hath don fom good Offices to accommode ImatterstShe Chomps extreamly,that ther fhould be fuch a Bit put ately in her mouth, as the Fort at Uckffadt, which commands her River of Elve, and makes her pay what Toll he pleafe. The King begins to fill hisichefts apace which wer fo emptied in his late marches to Germany : He hath fet a new Toll upon all Ships that pafs to this Town; and in the Sound alfo ther be fom extraordinary duties impos’d, wherat all Nations begin to mur- mure, fpecially the Hollanders, who fay,that the old Primitive toll of the Sound was but aiRofe-noble for evry Ship,but by a new So- phiftry,it is now interpreted for evry fail that mould pafs thoroW) infomuch,that the Hollander though he be a Low-countrey man,be¬ gins to fpeak high-Dutch in this point,a rough language you know, which made the Italian tell a German Gentleman once,that when God Almighty thrall Adam outofParadife, he fpafy Dutch, but the German retorted wittily, then Sir, if God fpufy Dutch when Adam was ejelled , Eve fpaty Italian when Adam was feinted. SeB. $• Familiar Letters. ' 227 Icould be larger,but for a fudden a vocation to bufinefs; So I moft affectionately fend my kind refpefts unto you,defiring when lam rendred to London, I may hear from you : So I am Hamburg 22. Ociob. Hour faithful friend ,6 32 . to ferae you J. H. ' V. T0 the Right honourable the E *rl of Ex. My Lord , I Am newly return’d from Germany, whence ther cam lately two Ambafiadors extraordinary in one of the Ships royall, the Earl of Lekejleryi nd Sir Robert Amflrutber : the latter came from Fien- u, and I know little of his negotiations; but for my Lord of Liicejler, t believe ther was never fo much bufinefs difpatch’d in fo (horta compafs of time,by any Ambafiador,as your LordlTiip, who is belt able to judge, will find by this fhorc relation: Whcn : my Lord was com to the King of Denmarfs court,which was then at Rhiinslmrg,3. good way within Holjleiir, The firft thing he did, was to condole the late Queen Dowagers deathf our Kings Gran- mother Jwhich was don in fuch an equipage, that the Danes con¬ fus'd,ther was never 4>ueen of Denmirffo mourn’d for: this ce¬ remony being pafs’d,my Lord fell to bufinefs •, and the firft thing which he propounded,was,that for preventing of further clrufi- on of Chriftian blood in Germany, and for the facilitating a way to reftore peace to all Chriflendom, His Majefty of Denmark would joyn with his Nephew of great Brittain rofend a folemn Ambaffie to the Emperour, and the King of Sweden, (the ends of whofe proceeding wer doubtful) to mediatan accommodation, and to appear for him, who will be found moft conformable to reafon. To this, that Kinganfwcr’d in writing ( for that was the way of proceedings,) that the Etnpenur and the Swede were come to that height and heat of war, and to fuch a violence, that it is no time yet to fpeak to them of peace;but when the fury is a little pafs’d: and the rimes more proper, he would take it for an Honour to joyn with his Nephew,and contribute tire belt means he could to bring about fo good a Work. Then ther was computation made, what was due to the King. of great Britain,^ the Lady Elizabeth, out of their Grand-Mothers Eftate, which was valued at neer upon two Millions of Dollars, and your Lordfhip muft think it was a hard task to liquidat fuch . ’ an account: This being don, my Lord defir’d that part which was due to his Majeftyfour King) and the Lady his Sifter, which appear’d to amount unto eightlcore thoufand pounds fterling : P 2 That 228 Familiar Letters. Vol. t , That King anfwer’d, That heconfefs’d therwas fo much money due, but his Mother's Eftate was yet in the hands of Commiflio. ners -, and neither he no; any of his Sifters, had receiv’d their portions yet, and that his Nephew of England, andhisNeeceof Holland, fhould receive theirs with the firft; but he did intitnat befides,that ther were fom confidcrable accounts ’twixt him and the Crown of England, for ready moneys he had lent his brother King Jams, and for the thirty thoufand pounds a month, that was by Covenant promis’d him for the fupport of his late Army in Germany. Then my Lord propounded, That His Majefty of Great Britain! Subjcfts were not well us’d by his Officers in the Sound : for though that was but a Traniitory paffage into the Bal¬ tic Sea ,and that they neither bought nor fould any thing upon the place, yet they wer forc’d to flay there many dayes to take up money at high intereft, to pay divers Tolls for their Merchan¬ dize,beforedicy have expos’d them to venttTherfore it wasde- fired,that for the future what English Merchants foever fhould pad through the Sound, it fhould be fufficient for him to Regifter an invoice of his Carga\on in the Cu(lnm-Houfe Bonk, and give his Bond to pay all duties at his return, when he had made his Mar¬ ket. To this my Lord had a fair anfwer, and fo procur’d a pub¬ lic Inflmnent under that Kings Hand and Seal, and fign’d by his Counfelors, which he had brought over,, wherin the Propa- fition was granted•, which no AmbalTador could obtain before, Then’twas alledg’d, that the English Merchant adventurers wbo trade into Hamburgh, have a new Toll lately impos’d upon them at Lnckftadt, which was defir’d to be taken off. To this alfo,ther was the like inftrument given, that the faidToll fhould be levied no more. Laffly,my Lordfin regard he was to pafs by the Hague ) defir’d that Hereditary part, which belong’d to the Lady £/;>. beth out of her Gran-Mothers Eftate, becaufeHis Majefty knew well what Croffesand Affliftions fhe had pafs’d, and what a nu¬ merous inue fhe had to maintain-,And my Lord of LeiceSler would inpage his Honor, and all the Eftate he hath in the World, That this fhould no way prejudice the accounts he is to make with hi] Majefty of Great Britain. The King of De/imai^highly extoll d the Noblenefs of this mot ion-,but he protefted,that he had bin fo drain’d in the late Wars, that his Chefts are yet very empty- Hereupon my Lord was feafted, and fo departed. He went then to the Duke of HolSlein to Slefwic wher no found him at his Caftle of Gothorp, and truly I did not think to have found fuch a magnificent building in thefe bleak parts-,Thet alfo my Lord did condole the death ofthelateflueen that Duty Gran-Mother ,and he receiv’d very Princely entertainment. , Ml. Familiar Letterr. 229 Then we went to Hufrn, wher the like ceremony of Condole, ment was perform’d at the Dutchefs of Holfteins Court, His Maje- hies ( our Kings) Ant. Tiien he came to Hamburgh , wher that Inftrument which my Lord had procur’d, for remitting of the mew Toll at Gliic^liadt was deliver’d the Company of our Merchant adventurers •, & fom other good offices don for that town,as matters flood ’twixt them and the King of Denmark j Then we came to Stock wher L ejly was Governor,who carried his foot in a fcarfe for a wound he had receiv’d at Bitc^!lobo,md he kept that place for the King of Sweden : and fom bufmefs of confequence was don ther alio. So we came to Broomsbottle, wherwefiaid for a Wind fom daies rand in the midway of our voyage, we met with a Holland. fhip, who told us, the King of Sweden was flain ; and fo we re¬ turn’d to London in lefs then three moneths: And if this was not bufinefs enough for fucha compafs of time, I leave your Lord- fhip to judge. So craving your Lordfhips pardon for this lame account, I reft Tour Lordfhips moil humble and Lund. 1. Oftob. 1632. ' ready Servitor, j. H. VI. To my Brother, Dr. Howel, at his Hoitfe I iwHorfley. My good Brother, I Am fafely return’d from Germany, thanks be to God; and the news which we heard at fea by a Dutch skipper,about the midftofour voyage from Hamburgh,it feems proves too true, which was of the fall of the King of Smden.One jtrbin, who fays that he wasin the very aftion brought the firft news to this Town, & every corner rings of it;yet fuch is the extravagancy of fom,that they will lay wagers he is not yet dead,and the Exchange is full of fuch people, He was flain at Lut\en field battle,having made the Imperial Army give ground the day before; and being in purfu- ance of it,the next morning in a fudden Fog that fell,the Cavalry on both Tides being engag’d, he was kill’d in the midft of the Troops,and hone knows who kill’d him,whether one of his own men, or the enemy; but finding himfelf mortally hurt, he told Stxenmymar,Coufin, lprayloo\to the Troops for J think I have tnmgh : His body was not only refeued, but his forces had the better of the day ; Vapenhtim being kill'd before him, whom he. efleem’d the greateft Captain of all hb Enemies; for he was us’d 230 Familiar Letters. Vol. " to fay,That he had diree men to deal withal, a Piiltma , ' and a Souldier ; by the two firft,he meant WalsteinfluA the Duk of Bavaria ;by the Iaft Papenheim. Queftionlefsthis G///?awa(whofe anagram is Aiigufiiis) wa^ great Captain, and a gallant man, and had he furviv’d that Iaf victory lie would have put the Emperor to fuch a plunge, that fom think he would hardly have bin able to have made head a- gainft him to any purpofe again. Yet his own Allies confili, That none knew the bottom of his defigns. He was not muchaffeCtedtothe Englijh, witnefs the ill ufag; Marquis Hammilton had with his dooomen,wherofther return’ll not 600 , the reft dyed of hunger and ficknefs,having never feen the face of an enemy; Witnefs al(o his harfhnefs to our Ambaf. fadors,& die rigid terms he would have tied the Prince Palfgm ' unto.So with my affeftionat refpeCts to Mr. Moufcbamp ,and kind commends to Mr. B ridger, I reft, ’ . 'lour loving Brother, miimin.$. Decern. 1632. J. H. VII. TotkeR. R. Dr. Field, LordBijhop of St. Davids My Lord , Y Our late Letter affefted me with two contrary paflionspvitli gladnefs,andforrow j the beginning of it dilated my fpitits with apprehenfions of joy, that you are fo well recover’d of your late ficknefs, which I heartily congratulate but the conclufion of your Lordfhips tetter,contracted my fpirits,and plung’d them m a deep fenfe of juft forrow, while you pleafe to write me news of my dear Fathers death. Permdfit initium, pmtjfit finis. Truly my Lord, it is the heavieft news that ever was fent me: but when I recoiled: my felf, and confider the fairnefs and maturity ofhis Age,and that it was rather a gende dijfolution thmaVeatkWha I contemplat that infinit advantage he hath got by this change and tranfmigration, it much lightens the weight of my grief; for if ever human foulentred heaven, lurely his is there j fuch was his conftant piety to God, his rare indulgence to his children, his charity to his neighbours, and his candor in reconciling dif¬ ferences-, fuch was the gentlenefs of his difpofition, his unwea¬ ried courfe in adions of vertue, thatl Wifh my foul no other feli¬ city,when /he hath fhakenoffthefe Rags offlelh,than toafeend fo his, and co-enjoy the fame blifs. Excufe me, my Lord, that I take my leave at this time fo ab- . . ' ' ruptf SeB . 5 * Familiar Letters. 231 uprly of youjwhen this forrowis a little difgelted,youfhallhear farther from me, for I. am %our Lordjhips m(i true and, fftUm- 1. of May 1632. humble Senator, J. H. __ —- ~ T0 the £.ir/fl/Leicefter at Penfhurft. My Lord, 1 Have delivered Mr. Secretary Coo\m account of the whole legation, as your Lordfhip inordred me, which contain’d neer. upon twenty (heets •, I attended him alfo with the Note of your extraordinaries, wherein I find him fomthing difficult and dila¬ tory yet. The Governor ohhe Eaftland Company, Mr. Aider- man clethero, will attend your Lordfhip at your return to Court to acknowledge your favour unto them, I have delivered him a Copy of the tranfaftions of things that concern’d their Company at Reinsburgb. The news we heard at Sea of the King of Sweden 's death is confirm’d more and more,and by the computation I have been a little curious to make,I find that he was kill’d the fame day your Lordfhip fet out of Hamburgh. But ther is other news com fince, of the death of the Prince Palatin, who, as they write,being re¬ turn’d from vifiting the Duke De deux Pouts to Ment\, was ftruck ther with the Contagion-, ye: by fpecial ways of cure, the ma¬ lignity was expell’d and greathopes of recovery, when the news came of the death of the King of Sweden which made fuch im- preffionsinhim,thathedyed few days after, having overcom all difficulties concluding with the Swede, mA the Governour of F unkindall, and being ready to enter into a repoflcffion of Iris Countrey: A fad defhny. The Swedwbearup full, being fomented and fupported by the French, who will not fuffer them to leave Germany yet. A Gen- . tlemanthat came lately from Italy, told me, that ther is no great joy in Rome for the death of the King of Sweden : The Spaniards up and down, will not flick to call this Pope Lutherano, and that he had intelligence with the Swede. ’Tistrue, that he hath not been fo forward to allifl the Emperor in this quarrel, and that in open Confiflory, wher ther was fuch a mtralto ’twixt the Car¬ dinals fora fupply from St. Peter, he declar’d, That he was well fatisfied that this War in Germany was no War of Religion, which made him difmiffe the Imperial Ambaffadors with this fhortan- fwer,That the Emperor had drawn thefemifcheifs upon himfelf; for at that time when he faw the Swedes upon the Frontires of P 4 Germany 232 Familiar Letters. Vol, i, Germany, If he had imploded thofemen and moneys, which h confu m’d to trouble the Peace of Italy jin making War againft tit Duke of Montova againft them, he had not had now fo potent an enemy. Sol take niy leave for his time, being K'istmin. 3. J uni. lour L ordjhips mofl humble and 162 5. obedient Servitor, J. H. IX. To Air, E. D. Sift, I Thank you a thoufand times for the noble entertainment you gave me at Berry, and the pains you took in ftiewing me the Antiquities of that place. In requital, I can tell you of a ftrange thing I faw lately here,and I believe tis true 5 As I pafs’d by St. Dunjlans in Fleet-ftreet the laft Saturday, I ftepp’dmtoa lapidary, or ftone-cutters fhop, to treat with the Mailer for a ftone to be put upon my Fathers Tomb: and calling my eyes up and down, I might fpie a huge Marble with a large infcription upon’t, whiph was thus to my bell remembrance : Here lies John Oxenham,it goodly young man, in whofe chamber, it ■ he was (trugl 'ing with the pangs of death,a Bird with a white bnj was feen fluttering about bis Bed,and fo vanijhed. Here lies alf> Mary Oxenham, the filler of the [aid John, who dill the next day,and the fame Apparition was feen in the Boom. Then another After is fpoke of. Then, Here lies bard by James Oxenham, the jonofthefaid John whodyed a Child in his Cradel a little after, and fitch a Bird wit feen fluttering about his head, a little before he expir'd, which vanifh'd afterwards. At the bottome pf the Stone ther is. Here lies Elizabeth Oxenham ; the Mother of the faid John wk died fixteen years finer, when fitch a Bird with a white breft was feen about her bed before her death. Toallthefe ther be divers Witneffes, both Squires andLa- dies,whofe names are engraven upon the Stone: This Stone is to be fent to a Town hard by Exeter wher this happen’d. Were youhere, I could raife a choice diicours with you here¬ upon. So hoping to fee you the next term, to requite fom of your favors, I reft ' ■ ' Tour true friend to fem you, J. H. mfltnin. 3. July. 1632. ‘ X> If Seft. 6 * Familiar Letters* 2%% X. ToW.B. Efq. SIR, T He upbrading of a courtefie is as bad in the Giver, as ingrati¬ tude in die Received though which you think I am loth to be¬ lieve) be faulty in the firft, I (hall never offend in the fecond, while. J. Hoffel. H'e(lmin. 24. Otfob. XI. To Sir Arthur Ingram at Tor\. SIR , /~\Urgreateft news here now is, that we have a new Atiorny v y General which is news indeed, confidering the hutnpur of the man, how he hath been always ready to entertain any caufe wherby he might clafh with the 'Prerogative : but now as Judg Richarcifon told him, his head is M\:o{Pmlamations, and Devices how to bring money into the Exchequer. He hath late¬ ly found out amongft die old Records of the Tower, fom prece¬ dents for railing a tax cald Sbip-moneyin all the'Port-Towns,when the Kingdom is in danger: Whether we are in danger or no, at prefent ’cwere preemption in me to judg, that belongs to his Majeftie, and his Privy Councel,. who have their choice Inftru- rnents abroad for Intelligence ■, yet one with half an eye may fee, we cannot be fecure,while luch huge Fleets of men of War,both Spnnifh, French , Dutch. And Dunlyrfyrs, fom of them laden with Ammunition, Men, Arms, and Armies, do daily fail on ourSeas, and confront the Kings chambers while we have only three or four Ships abroad to guard our Coaft and Kingdom,ana to preferve the faired Flower of the Crown,the Dominionsofthe Narrow-Sea, which I hear the French Cardina l begins to que- dion, and the, Hollander lately would not vail to one of his Ma» jellies (hips that brought over the Duke of Lenox and my Lord tv eft on from s«to;and indeed we are jeer’d abroad,that we fend no'more (hips to guard our Seas. Touching my Lord Ambaffador mfton, he had a brave journey of it, though it coll dear :for ’tis though ’twill Hand nis Mar . jefliein 25000 pounds, which makes fom Criticks of the times to cenfurethe LordTreafurer, That now the King wanting mo-, ny fo much, he Ihould fend lns'fon abroad to fpend him fuch a fnm onely for delivering of Prefents and Complements : but I ' believe 235 Familiar Letters. Vol.i, believe they are deceiv’d, for ther were matters of State alfo itt die Ambafifie. The Lord tveflen palling by Farts, intercepted, and open’d a Packet of my Lord of Hollands, wherin there were forn Letters of Her Majeftics, this my Lord of Holland takes in that fcorn, that be defied him fincehis conming, and demanded the combat pf him, for which he is confin’d to his Houfe at FjnJington ;So with •my humble fervice to my Noble Lady, I red: Yourmjl obliged Servitor, o. Jan. 163 __ J. H. XII. To the LordFifcount Wentworth, Lord De¬ puty ofhchnd,atid Lord President of York. &c. My Lord , J Wasglad to apprehend the opportunity of this Packet to coifc veymy humble fervice to your Lordfhip. Ther are old doings in Fiance, and ’tis no new thing for the •French to be alway a doing, they have fuch a ftirring genius.The ■Queen-Mother hath made an efcape to Brujfels, and Monfieur to Lorain, wher they fay, he Courts very earneftly the Dukes After, a young Lady under twenty; they fay a Contraft is fpafs’d alrea¬ dy, but the French Cardinal oppofeth it; for they fay that Lo¬ rain Milkfeldom breeds good blood in France ,; Not only the King, but the whole Gallican Church hath protefted againft it in a fo- lemfi Synod,for the Heirapparant ofthe Crown of France ,cannot mdrry without the Royal confent, This aggravates agrudg the French King hath to the Duke,for fiding with the Imperialifts,& forthings reflecting upon the Dutchy of Bar,(or which he is hom- mageable to the Crown of France,ashe is to the Emperor for Lo¬ rain: Ahardask it istofervetwoMaftersjandan unhappy fitua> tioh it is,to lie ’tvvixt two puiflant Monarchs; as the Duke of Sa¬ voy and Lorain do;So I kifs your Lordfhips hand^md reft My Lord, wftmin. 1 ofApril. 'lourmoU bumble and ready Servitor,]. H, Se$. 5 * Familiar Letters. 23 6 xm. To the mjl Noble Lady, the Lady Cornwall*. plcafctoputan Air to it,-I haveroyrewaid. 1. Hail holy tyde. Wherin a Bride A Vh'i'n C which 1S fflore ' Brought forthja Son, 2. Hail fpotleft'Maid, Who thee upbraid, . To have been born m fin, Do little waiglV 2. Three months thy Womb, 5 Was made the Boom . Of him, whom 'Earth nor Air, Nor the vaft mould. . of Heaven can -liold, Caufe he’s Ubiquitair. . 0 would hedaign To reft andraign I'th centre of my heart. And make itftill Hisdomicill, And refidence in part. d. But'info foul a Cell ^ Can he abide to dwell. Yes when he pleafe to move His mkngtr to fweep the Room, And with rich odors it perfume, 2 %6 Familiar Letters. SeEt.^, you would command in any thing that may conduce to your contentment. . Tour Ladijhips moil humble Servitor, milmin. 3 Feb. j. H. i<5?3. XIV. To the Lord Clifford at Knasburgh. My Lord , I Receiv’d your Lordlhips of the laft of June, and I return my moft humble thanks for the choice Nag you pleas’d to fend me,which cam in very good plight. Your Lordlhip defires me to lay down what in my Travels abroad I obferv’d of the prefent condition of the Jews ,once an Eleft people,but now grown con¬ temptible, and ftrangely fquander’d up and down the World: Though fuch a Difcours, exactly fram’d, might make up a Vo¬ lume, yet I will twin up what I know in this point,upon as nar¬ row a Bottom as may be fhut up within the compafs of this letter. Thefirn Chrinian Countrey that expell’d the Jews, was Eng¬ land ; followed our example next, then S/ww, and after¬ wards Vortugd : nor were they exterminated thefe Countries for their Religion, but for Villanies and cheating ; for clipping Coins,poyfoning of Water arid counterfeiting of Seals. Thofe countries they are permitted to live now moft in a- mongft Chriftians, are Germany, Holland, Bohemia ,and Italy ; but not in thofe parts wherthe King of Spain hath to do. In the Le¬ vant and Turkey they fwarm moft, for the gran Viyer, and all other great Bafhawes, have commonly fom Jew for their Coun- feller or Spie, who inform them of the ftate of Chriftian Princes, poilefsthemofa hatred of the Religion, and foincenfe them to a war againft them. They are accounted the fubtill’ft and moft fubdolous people upon the Earth; the reafon why they are thus degenerated from their primitive fimplicity & innocence, is their often captivities, their defpcrat fortunes, the neceifity and hatred to which they have been habituated,for nothing depraves ingenious fpirits,and corrupts clear wits more then want and indigence. By their pro- feffion they are for them moft part Brokers, and tombardeers, yet by that bafe and fervile way of Frippery Trade, they grow rich wherfoevcr they neft themielves; ana this with their multiplica¬ tion of children, they hold to be an argument that an extraor¬ dinary providence attends them ftill. Methinks that fo clear accomplilhments of the Prophecies of our Saviours touching that people St$. 5. Familiar Letters. 237 People, fhould work upon them for their converfion, of the de- flruftion of their C/ty and Temple-,that they fhould become defpi- cable, and the tail of all Nations: that they fhould be Vagabonds, and have no firm habitation. Touching the firft, they know it came punctually to pafs, and fo have the other two; for they are the moft hateful race of men upon earth ; infomuch, that in TitrlJe where they are mod va¬ lued, if a Mhfidnm com to any of their houfes, and leave his Iho oes at the door, the Jew dare not com in all the while,till the T/u^-hath done what he would with his wife. For thelaft,’tis wonderful to fee in what confiderable numbers they are dif- pers’d up and down the World, yet the yean never reduce them- felves to fuch a condition and unity as may make a Republic,Pm- ■ cipality or Kingdom. They hold that the Jews of Italy, Germany, and the Levant . are of Benjamins Tribe •, ten of the Tribes at the defiruftion of Jereboam's Kingdom wer led captives beyond Euphrates, whence they never return’d,nor do they know what became of them ever after ; yet they believe they never became Apoftatsand Gen¬ tiles, But the Tribe of Juda, whence they expeft ther Mejias, of whom one fhall hear them difeours with fo much confidence, and felf-pleafing conceit, they fay is fettled in Portugal ; where they give out to have thoufands of their race, whom they dif- penfe withall to make a femblance of Christianity even to Church degrees. This makes them breed up their children in the Lujitanian L an, gnagr, which makes the Spaniard have an odd faying, that El Portuguese crio del pedo de m Judio . A Portugues was engendred of a Jew’s Fart ; as the Mahumetans have a pafiage in their Al- choran, That a Cat was made of a Lions breath. As they are the mofl contemptible!!: people and have a kind of fulfom fenr, no better then a flmk, that diftinguifhes them from others, fo are they the mofl: timerous people on earth, and fo, utterly incapable of Arms, for they are made neither Souldiers nor Slaves: And this their Ptifillanimity and cowardife, as well as their cunning and craft, maybe imputed to their various thral¬ doms, contempt and poverty.,which hath cow’d and daftardiz’d their courage. Befides thefe properties,they are light and giddy- headed, much fymbolizing in fpirits with our Apocalyptical Sots, and fiery interpreters of Daniel and other Prophets, whereby they often footh, or rather fooll themfelves into Com illumination, which really proves but fom egregious dotage. They much glory of their myflerious Cabal,wheria they make the reality of things to depend upon Letters, and Words: but they 238 Familiar Letters. Secf^, they fay that Hebrew onely hath this Priviledge: This cabal , which is nought elfe but a Tradition,they fay, being tranfmitted from' one age to another, was in fom meafure a reparation of our knowledge loft-in Adam, and they fay ’twas reveal’d four times; Firft to Adam, who being thruft out ofParadife, and fitting one day very fad,and forrowing for the lolle of the knowiedge he had, of that depcndance the creatures have with their Creator,the An¬ gel Ragud was fent to comfort him, and inftruft him, and re¬ pair his knowledge herein: And this they call the caball, which was loft the (erorid time by the Thud and Babel-, then God difco- vered it to Mofes in the Eufh,the third time to Solomon in a dream, wherby he came to know the beginningjnediety, and confummatim of times, and fo wrote divers Books, which wer loft in the gran captivity. The laft time they hold, that God reftor’d the c a ball to HfdrasQi Book they value extraordinarilyjwho by Gods com¬ mand withdrew to the Wildernes forty days with five Scribes, who in that fpace wrote two hundred and four Books: The firft one hundred thirty and four,wer to be read by all ;but the other feventy were to pafsPrivatly amongftthe Levitts,mi. thefe they pretend to be Cabaliflic, and not yet all loft. Ther are this day three Sc-fts of Jens-, the African firft, who befides the holy Scriptures, embrace the Talmud alfo for authen¬ tic,the fecond receive only the Scriptures; the third, which are call’d the Samaritansfwhad ther are buta few)admit only ofthe Vmtatmbjhe five Books of Mojes. The Jews in general drink no Wine without a difpenfation, when they kill any creature, they turn his face to the Eaft, fay¬ ing, Be it fanftijhd in the great name of God ; they cut the throat with a knife without a gap, which they hold very prophane. In their Synagogs, they make one of the beft fort to read a chap¬ ter of Mofes, then fom mean Eoy reads a peece of the Prophets; in the midft,ther’s a round place arch’d over,wherin one of their Babbies walks up and down, and in die Vortague\ magnifies the Mejias to com, comforts their captivity and rails at Chrift. They have a kind of Cupboard to reprefent the Tabernacle, wlierin they lay the Tables of the Law,which nowand then,they take out and kifs,they fing many Tunes, and A donai they make the ordinary name of God: Jehovah is pronounced at high Fe- ftivalsyit Circumcifion Boys are put to fing fom of Divids Jfilms foloud, as drowns the Infants crv. The Synagog is hung about withGlafs-Lamps burning; evry one at his entrance puts on a Linncn-Cope,.firft kiffing it, elfe they ufe no manner of reve¬ rence all the while ; their Elders fomtimes fall together by the ears in the very Synagog, and with the Holy Utenfiles, as can- dlefticks Familiar Letters. , VoL i, dlefticks, fncenfe-Pans, andfuch-like break one another* Pares. Women are not allowed to enter the Synagog , but they fit ina Gailery without, foe they hold they have not fo divine a foul as men and are of a lower creation, made only for fenfual pleafure and propogation. Amongft the Mahimetans ther is no Jew capable of a Turfyjb habit unlefs he acknowledg Chrift as much as Turly do, which is to have bin a great Prophet,whereof they hold ther ary three on¬ ly, Mofes, Christ, and Mahomet. Thus my Lord,to perform your commands,which are very pre¬ valent with me, have I couch’d in this Letter,what I could,of the condition of the Jews ,and if it may give your Lordfhip any fatis- faftion, I have my reward abundantly. So I reft Weft. 3. offline. Tour Lordftiips moft hmkle 1633. and ready Servitor , J. H. XV. Ta Mr. Phillip Warrick, at Paris. SIS , Y Our laft unto me was in French of the firft current,and I am glad you are com fo fafe from' Swiffejland to Paris -,as alfo, that you are grown fo great a Proficient in the Language: I thank you for the variety of news you fent me fo hanfomiy couch’d and knit together. Tocorrefpond with you, the greateft news we have here, is, that we have a gallant Fleet-Royal ready to fet to fea, for the fecurity of our Coafts and Commerce, and for the Soverainty of our Seas, Hans faid the King of England ,was afleepall the while, but now he is awake -, nor do I hear, doth your French Cardinal tamper any longer with our Kings Title and Right to the Do¬ minion of the Narrow-Seas. Thefe are brave fruits of the Ship- moneys-, I hear that the Infante Cardinal having bin long upon his way to Brnffels, Hath got a notable Viftory of the Swedes at Nordling- ghtn, where 8000 were flain, Gustavus Horn, and other of the prime Commanders taken prifoners, they write alfo that Mon- fieurs marriage with Madame of Lorain, was folemnly celebrated at Ernffels-, fhe had follow’d him from Nancy in Pages apparel, becaufe ther wer forces in the way. It muft needs be a mighty charge to the King of Spain, to maintain Mother, and Son in this manner. The Court affords little news at prefent,but that ther is a love call’d 240 Familiar Letters. Vol. i, call’d Platonic love, which much fwayes there of late;It is a love abftrafted from all corporeallgrofs impreffions, and fenfualap. petite, but confifts in contemplations and Ideas of the mind, not many carnal fruition : This love fets the wits of the Town on Work ; and they fay there will he a Maske fhortly of it, wherof her Majeftie, and her maids of Honour will be part. All your friends here in mflminfhr are well, and very mindful of you, but none more often then mjlmin. 3. June, Tour most affeftionat 1334. Servitor , j. Hf XVI. To my Brother Mr. H. P. Brother, M Y brain was orecaft with a thick cloud of Melancholy, a wasbecom a lump I know not of what, I could fcarcefind any palpitation within me on the left fidt ;when yours of the firfl of September was brought me, ithadfuchavertue, that it begot new motions in me, like the Load-ftone, which by its attractive occult quality, moves the dull body of Iron and makes it aftive; fo dull was I then,and fuch a magnetic property your Letter had to quicken me. Ther is fom murmuring again/! the shtymoney, becaufe the tax is indefinit ; as alfo by rea/on, that it is levied upon the Countrey Towns, as well as Maritim, and for that, they fay, Noy himfelf cannot/hew any record : Ther are alfo divers Patents granted, which are mutter’d at, as being no better then Monopollies: A- mongft others a Scotchman gorihim lately upon the Statute of levy¬ ing twelve pence for evry Oath which the Jufiices of Peace,and' Conftable had power to raife, ahd have /till ; but this new Pa¬ tentee is to quicken and put more life in the Law,andfeeit exe¬ cuted. He hath power to nominat one, or two, or three, in fom Parifhes, which are to have Commiffion from him, for this public Service, and fo they are to be exempt from bearing Office, which muft needs defervc a gratuity •, And I believe this was the main drift of the Scot Patentee, fo that he intends to keep his Office in the Temple, and certainly, he is like to be a mighty gainer by it 5 for who would not give a good peece of money to be freed from bearing all cumberfom Offices?No more now, but that with my dear love to my fifler, I reft weilmin. 1 hug. 'four mjfajfectionat Brother, S$. 6 -. familiar Letters. 241 XVII. To tbs Right Honorable the Lord Vicount Savage at LongMelford My Lord, T HE old Steward of your Courts, Mailer Attorney General Nay is lately dead, nor could Tunbridg- waters do him any good: Though he had good mttn in his brain, he had, it leans, ill Materials in his body, for his heart was flirivelled like a Leather peny-purfe when he was diiTefted, nor were his lungs found. Being fuch a Clerk in the law,, all the World wonders he Ieftfuch an odd Will which is lhort,and in Latin: the fubftancc of it is, that lie having bequeath’d a few Legacies, and left his fe- cond Son i oo Marks a year,and 500 pounds in Money,enough to bring him up in his Fathers Profeftbn,he concludes,K eliqua meo- r:m mnnia primogenito wra Eduardo, dijfipanda me melius unquam (fperavi) lego: I leave the reft of all my goods to my firft-born Edward,to be confum’d or fcatter’d (for I never hoped better.) A ftrange,and fcarce a chrillian Will, in my opinion,for it argues uncharitablenelTe. Nor doth the World wonder lefe, that he llrould leave no Legacy to fom of your Lordlhips children, con- fidcring what deep Obligations he had to your Lordfhip ; for I am confident he had never bin Attorny General elfe. The Vintners drink carowfes of joy that he is gon,for now they are in hopes to drefs Meat again, and fell Tobacco, Beer, Sugar and Fagots,which by a fulien Capri', io of his he would have reifrain’d them from. - He had his humour,as other menjbut cer¬ tainly he was a folid rational man 5 and though no great Ora¬ tor, yet a profound Lawyer, and no man better vers’d in the Re r cords of the Tower, 1 heard your Lordfliip often fay with what infinit pains and indefatigable ftudy he came to this knowledge: And I never heard a more pertinent Anagram than was made of his name, Wiliam Naye, 1 moylt in_ law. If an a be added, it may be applied to my countrey-man Judge/ otm, an excellent Law¬ yer too,and a far more Gentile man, wiUian 'Jones, I moili in laws. No more now,but that I reft welbnin. i. Oclob. Tour Lord Jipsmo{l humble and obliged tog 5. Servitor]. H. xvIE To the Right Honourable the Comtejfe of Sunderland. H ERE inclos’d I fend your Ladifhip a Letter from the Lord Deputy of Ireland,vihcm he declares,that the difpofing of the 242 Familiar tetters. Pot. 1. the Attornifhip in Tor^,which he palled over to me,had no rela¬ tion to my Lord at all, but it was meerly don out of a particular refpett to meiyour Ladifhip may pleafe to think of it according, ly, touching the accounts. It is now a good while the two Nephew-Princes have bin here ■I mean the Prince Elector, and Prince-Robert. The King of Snt- den’s death, and the late blow at Norlingen hath half blafted their hopes to do any good for the recovery of the Palatinat-by Land; Therfore I hear of fom new defigns by Sea That the one fliall go to Magdagafcar, a great Ifland 800 miles long in the Tuij)- India, never yet coloniz’d by any Chriftian, and Captain Bond is to be his Lieutenant •, the other is to go with a confiderable vim to the mft-lndies, to feize upon fom place there that may coun¬ tervail the Palatinate, and Sir Henry Mervin to go with him:Eut I hear my Lady Elizabeth oppofeth it, faying, that jhe will lu:i nmn of her foils to be ^tights-errant. Ther is now profeP.ed actual enmity ’twixt France and Spain, for ther was a Herald at Ames lent lately from Paris to Flanders, who by found of Trumpet de¬ nounced and proclaimed open War again!! the K ing of Spain and all his Dominions 5 this Herald left and fixed up the Defiance in all the Towns as he paffed: fo that wheras before, the War was but collateral and auxiliary, ther is now proclaim'd Hoftility be¬ tween them,notwithf!anding that they have one anothers fifieri in their beds every night: What the reafon of this War is,truly Madam I cannot tell, unleffe it be reafon of State, to prevent the further growth of the Spavi! 7 ; Monarchy and ther be multitude of examples how preventive wars have bin practis’d from all times. Howfoever it is too fure that abundance of Chriftian blood will be fpilt. So I humbly take my leave, and reft, Madam, treflrnin. 4. Jun. lour Ladifhips moflobedient and 160, 5. faithful Servitor, J. H. xixT~ To the Earl of Leicefter at Penfhurft. Mt Lord, I Am newly return’d out of Time,from a flying Journey as far as Orleans, which I made at the requefl of Mr.Secretary win- debank and I hope I fhall receive fome fruits of it hereafter. Ther is yet a great refentment in many places in France, for the beheading of Montmorency, whom Henry the fourth was us’d to fay to be the better Gentleman than himfelf,forin his Colours lie carry’d this Motto. Din ayde le premier chevalier de France God help the firft Knight of France. He dyed upon a Scaffold in Two- loft sett. 6. Familiar Letters. 245 lm\r, in the flower of his years,at 34, and hath leftnoIlTue be¬ hind ; fo that noble old Family extinguilh’d in a fnuff: His Trea¬ son was very foul, having receiv’d particular Commiflions from the King to make an extraordinary Levy of men and money in Languedoc, which he turn’d afterwards direftly againft the King,. againft whofe Perfon he appear’d arm’d in open field, and in a hoftile pofiure for fomenting of Monfieurs Rebellion. The infanta Cardinal is com to Bruffds, at laft thorow many difficulties :'and fom few days before, Monfnnr made femblance to go a Hawking,and fo fled to Fraser,but left his mother behind, who fince the Arch-Dutcheffe death, is not fo well look’d on as formerly in that Countrey. . . Touching our bufinefie in the Exchequer, Sir Robert Pye went with me this morning of purpofe to my Lord Treafurer about it, and told me with much earneftnefs and af.'urance, that thcr (hall beafpeedy cours taken for your Lordlliipsfatisfaftion. I deliver’d my Lord of Linfey the Manufcript he lent your Lordfhip of his Fathers AmbafTie to Tnmnzrf : and herewith I prefent your Lordfhip with a compleat diary of your own late Ligation, which hath coftmefomoyl and labour. So I reft al¬ ways, j • Your Lwdjhipsmollbumble and n'ipnin, 19, June, ready Senator, _ \ 6 3S- _ __j-H.__ XX; To my Honoured,Friend arid Fa. Mr Ben. Johnfon. Fa. Ben, T)Eing lately in Trance and returning in a Coach from Para to 1 J Rouen,.I lighted upon the Society of a knowing Gendeman, who related unto me a choice ftory, whereof peradventure you may make fom ufe iu your way. Som hundred and odd years fince,tlier was in France one Cap¬ tain Coney a gallant Gentleman of an ancient extraction, and Kee¬ per of Coney Caftle, which is yet (landing,and in good repair. He fell in love with a young Gentlewoman, and courted her for his wife; ther was reciprocal love between them,but her parents uu- derftanding of it, by way of prevention they fluaffled up a forced Match' ’twixt her and one Monfiiier Paid, who - was a great Heir: Captain Coney hereupon quitted Francem difeontent, and went to the Wars in Hungary againft the T«r£, wher he received a mortal wound, not far from Buda. Being carried to his lodging, helan- guifhed fom days, but a little before his death he fpoke to an an- Cfa cienc 244 Familiar Letters. Vol. i dent Servant of his, that he had many proofs of his fidelity and truth,but now.he had a great bufinefs to Intrutt him with,which he conjur’d him by all means to do, which was, That after his death, he fhotild get his body to be opened, and then to take his heart out of his br'ctt, and put it in an earthen I’ot to be bak’d to powder, then to put the powder into a hanfoin box,with that Bracelet of hair he had worn long about his left wrift,which was a lock of Madamtifelle Faiels hair, and put it amongft the powder together with a little Note hehad written with his own blood to her •, and after he had given him the Rites of Burial, to make all the fpeed he could to F ranse, and deliver the {aid box to mofelle Faiel. The old Servant did as his Matter had commanded him and fo went to France,and coming one day to Monfieur Fa/, f/’s, houfe, he fuddcntlv met with one of his fervants, and exa¬ mined him,becaufe he knew he was Captain Coney 's fervant, and finding him timerous,and faltering in hisfpeech he fcarch’d him, and found the faidEox in his pocket, with the Note which ex- preffed what was therin : Fie difmifs’dthc Bearer with menacci that he ttiould com no more near his houfe,Moufieur F aid going in, fent for his Cook,and deliver’d him the Powder,charging him to make a little well-rellifh’d difh of it, without lofing a jot of it, for itwasaverycottly thing; and commanded him to bringin himfelf, after the laftcours at Supper. The Cook bringing in the Difh accordingly,Montter Faiel commanded all to void the room, and began a ferious difeours with his wife, how ever fince he had married her, he obferv’d (lie was always melancholy, and he fear¬ ed fhe was inclining to a Confumption, therefore he had provi¬ ded for her a very precious Cordial, which he was well afiured would cure her: Therupon he made her cat up the whole dith; and afterward much importuning him to know what it was lie told her atlaft, (he had eaten Coney's heart, and fo drew the box out of his pocket, and flic wed her the note and Bracelet in a hid¬ den exultation of jov, fiiewith afar fetch’d ttghfaid, This is pn- cions indeed ,an dfolick’d the Difh, faying ,it is fo precious, that 'tie itty to put ever any meat upon't.So (he went to bed,and in the morn¬ ing fhe was found Stone-dead. ThisGentlemantoId me that this fadttory is painted in Coup Cattle, and remains frefli to this day. In my opinion, which vails to yours, this is choice and rich flufffor you to put upon your Loom,and make a curious Web of. I thank you for the laft regain you gave me at your Mufctm, and for the good company,I heard your cenfur’d lately at Court, that you have lighted too foul upon Sir Inigo, and that you write! with a Forcnpins quill dipped in too much Gall. Excufe me that Sett. 6, Familiar Letters. 245 I am fo free with you; it is becaufe lam in no common way of friendlhip, I'/ifimin. 3. of May, tours,. J.H. XXI. To Captain Tho. Porter. Wole Captain, Y Ou are well returned from Rruffels, from attending your Brother in that noble employment of congratulating the In- Unte Cardinals coming thither. It was well Monfieur went a Hawking away before to France, for I think thofetwo young fpi- nts would not have agreed. A French-man told me lately, that j was at your Audience, that he never faw fo manycompleat Gen- j tlemen in his life, for the number, and in a nearer equipage, I Before you go to Sea, I intend to wait on you, and give yOua ; frolick. So I am, ‘ i De todas mis entrances, i Yours to difpofe of, j To this I’le add the Duke of Ojfnna's Complement, I Qjiifiere canque Coy chico • Ser. enferville Gigame. Though of the talleft I am none you fee, ! Yet to ferve you I would a Giant be. ! mpnin. 1 . Novemb. \ To my Coafin Captain Saintgeon. 1 XX 1 L i] Wole Cofin, : i THE greateft news about the Town,is ofa mighty prize that ; j L was taken lately by Peter van hymn of,Holland, who had met }\ fom firangling Ships of the Plate-Fleet, and brought them to the : ‘read : they (peak of a Million of Crowns. I could wifh you had been there to have lhared of the Booty, which was the greateft in money that ever was taken. One fent me lately from Holland this Diftichof Peter van Hymn, which favors of a little profanenefs. Q. 3 Poms 246 Familiar Letters. Vol. 1, Rolna fiifiliat pOjlbac miracnla Puri, Petrus apud Batavos plura (hipsnda fruit. Let Komi no more her Piters Wonders tell, For Wonders, Hollands Petir bears the bell, To this Difiiil .was added the Anagram, which is a good one, PETRUS H A I HU S. HISPANUS RUET. So I reft, Totus tuns,, Kejhnin, io. July, Yours whole. ____ Janus Howcl. To my Lord Vifcount S. My Lord, H is Majefty it lately return’d from Scotland,hiving given that Nation fatisfaftion to their long defires, to have him com thither to be crown’d: I hear fom mutter at Bi/hop Land's carri¬ age ther, that it was too haughty and Pontifical. Since the death of the King of Sweden, a great many of Scotch Commanders arc com over, and makes a Ihining Pnew at Court, what trade they will take hereafter, I know not, having been fo inur’d to the wars) 1 pray God keep us from commotions at home, ’twixe the two Kingdoms, to find them work : I here one Colonel Lefly is gon away difeontented, becaufe the King would not Lori him. _ The old rotten Duke of Bavaria for lie hath divers IlTues about his body, hath married one of the Emperors Sifters, a young La¬ dy little above twenty, and he neerupon fourfcorc;ther’s another remaining,who,they fay, is intended for the King of Poland, not- withftanding his pretences to the young Lady Elizabeth ; about which,Prince Ra?yvill,m& other ambaffadors have been here late¬ ly; but that King being Eleffif muft marry as the Ejtatfs will have him : His Mother was the Emperors After, therfore fure he will not offer to marry his Cofin German ; but ’tis no news for the Houfe of Ausiiia to do fo, to ftrengthen their race. And if the Bavarian hath Male-HTue of this young Lady, the Son is to fuc- ceed him in the Elettorfhip,which may conduce much to ftreng¬ then the countenance ofihe Empire in the Andrian Family. So withaconftant prefeveranceofmy hearty defires to ferveyour Lordfhip,Ireft, My Lord, Tour mod himbli Servitor, J, H. XXIV.Ta mjlntin. 7. Sept. | sS. 6 . Familiar Letters 247 I XXIV. I To my Coitfin Mr. Will. Saint-Geon,;i!thr an Irifliman was chief, broke into his lodging when he was at dinner, kill’d him, with three Commanders more that were at Table with him,and threw his body out at a Window in¬ to the dreets. _ I hear Buttlir is made fmee Count of the Empire, So humbly kiiieing your noble Ladies hands I red bond, 5. Jmr, . lour faithful fervitor , j. H. " XXXI ~ To Dr. Dupp 5 ,L. B. o/Chichefter, his Highnejfe Tutor at St. James. My Lord, I T is a weI-becoming,and very worthy work you are about not to differ Mr. Bin johnfon to go fo filently to his grave, or rot fo fuddenlyBeing newly com to Town, and tmderdanding tha t you r 252 Familiar Vol.i, your fobnfonus Virbius was in the Prciie, upon die folicitation to Sir Thomas Hawkins, I fuddenly fell upon the cniuing Decajlich, whichif your Lordfhip plcafe, may have room amongd the reft. Vpon my honoured Friend and F. Mr. Ben. Johnfon. A TM is thy Glafi'c run our, is that oyl fpent Whicli light to fuch drong Sinewy labors lent ? Well Ben ; I now perceive that all the nine-, Though they tlieir urmod forces Ihould combine, Cannot prevail ’gainft Nights three daughters,but One flill mud/p/«, one wind, the oth.er cut. Yet in defpight of diftaffe, clue and l^iij'e. Thou in thy drenuous lines hath got a life, Which like thy Bays (hall rtorifh ev’ry age, While foe or buskin (hall afeend the Stage. - Sic vaticinatur Hoellws. So I reft: with many devoted refpefts to your Lordlhip, as be¬ ing Lond. 1, of May, your very humble firvitor , 1636. j. H. XXXII. To Sir Ed. B. Knight. SIR, ' I Receiv’d yours this Maunday-Tliurfday/and wheras amongft other prnages, and high endearment of love, you defire- to know what method I obfervein the exercifeof my devoti¬ ons, I thank you for your requeft, which I have reafon to be¬ lieve doth proceed from an extraordinary refpeft unto me; and I will deal with you herein, as onediould do with hisCon- feftor. -Tis true, though there be rules and rubrics in our Liturgy fuf- ficicnt"to guide evry one in the performance of all holy duties, yet I beleeve evry one hatli fom mode and modcll or formulary of his own, fpecially for his private cubicular devotions. I will begin with the lad day of the week, and with the latter end of that day,I mean Saturday evening on which I have faded ever fince I was a youth in Venice ,for being delivered from a v£ry great danger: This yeer I ufefqm extraordinary afts of devotion toulher in the enfuing Sunday in Hymns, and various prayers of my SeB.6. Familiar Letters. 255 my own penning, before I go to bed.' On Sunday morning I rife earlier then upon other daycs, to prepare my felffor the Sancti¬ fying ofit 5 nor do ufe Barber, Tailer, Shoo-maker, or any o- therMechanick that morning; and wlwtfoevcr diversions,or lets may hinder me die week before,! never mifs,butin cafe of fick- nes to repair to Gods holyHoufe that day,wher I com before Pray¬ ers begin, to make my fdf fitter for die work by fom previous me-; dirations, and take die whole Service along with me; nor do I love to rningl fpecch with any in the interim about nevfs or world¬ ly negotiations,in Gods holy houfe T proftrate my felf in the hum¬ bled and decent’ft way of genuflection I can imagin', nor do I be- leeve tlier can be any excefs of exterior humillity in'that place; thcrfore I do not like thofe fquatting unfeemly bold poftures up¬ on ones tail, or muffling the face in the Hat,or thruftmg it.in fom hole, or covering it with ones hand •, but with bended knee, and 1 an open confident face, I fix my Eyes on the Eaft part of the j Church, and Heaven. I indeavour to apply evry tittle of the i Ser.ics to my own Confcience and Occafions, and I believe 1 the want of this, with the huddling up, and carlefte reading of. | fom Miniffcrs, with the commonnefs of it, is the greateft ; caufe that many do undervalue, and take a Surfetof our public I Service. 1 _ For tlie reading and finging P (aims, wherasmoft of them are ! either Petitions or Euchariflicalt ejaculations, I liften to them ' more attentively, and make them my own : When I (land attheCivfd, I think upon the cuftomthcy have in Poland, and 1 eife-where, for Gentlemen to draw their Swords all the while, ! intimating therby, that they will defend it with their lives and 1 blood i And for the Diming, vheras others ufe to rife, and fit lever kneel at it in thehumblcftandtrembling'ft poliureofail to crave remillion for the breaches ptfs’d of any of Gods holy Commandments,(efpecially the week before) and future grace to obferve them. I love a holy devout Scrmon,th at firft checks,and then chccres the Confcience, that begins with the Law,and ends with the Go- fpc-1 •, but I never prejudicat or cenfure any Preacher,taking him as I find him. And now that weare not only aditltedput ancient Chnjlians, I beleive the moft acceptable Sacrifice we can fend up to hcavcn.is - Prayer and P raife, and that Sermons tyre notfo dfential as eith.er of them to the true practiceof devotion. The reft of the holy Sab¬ bath, I fequefter my body and mind as much as I can from worldly affairs. Upon Munday morn, as foonas the cinq-Terts are open,r have a par- 245 _ Familiar Letters. Vol.i. .^particular prayer of thanks, that I am reprieved to the begin- ing of that vveek; and evry day following,I knock thrice at Hea¬ vens gate, in the Morning, in the Evening, and at Night; be- lides, Prayers at Meals, and fom other occafional ejaculations, as upon the putting on of a clean Shirt,wafhing of my hands, and at lighting of Candles, which becaufe they are fudden, I do in the third Perfon, . Tuefday morning I rife Winter and Summer as foon as 1 awake and fend up a more particular facrifice for fom reafons; and as I am djfpos’d, or have bufinefs, I go to bed again. Upon Wenfday night, I always faft, and perform alfo fom ex¬ traordinary izfts of devotion, as alfo upon Friday night, and Satur¬ day morning, as foon as my fenfes are unlock’d I get up. And in the Summer time, I am oftentimes abroad in fom privat field ,to attend the Sun-rifing : And as I pray thrice every day, folfaft thrice every week, at leaf! I eat but one meal upon Wenfdays. Fridays, and faturdays, in regard I am jealous with my felf, to have more infirmities toanfwer for, than other. Eefore I go to bed I make a ferutiny what peccant humors have reign’d in me that day, and fo I reconcile my felf to my Creator,and ftrike a tally in the Exchequer of Heaven for my quie¬ tus ef, ere Iclofemy eyes, and leave no burden upon my Con¬ fidence. Before I prefume to take the Holy Sacrament, I ufe fom ex¬ traordinary afts of Humiliation to prepare my felffome days be : fore, and by doing fom deeds of Charity ; And commonly I compofe fom new Prayers,and divers of them written in my own blood. I ufe not to rufh rafhly into prayer without a trembling prece-. dent Meditation,and if any odd thoughts intervene,and grow up¬ on me, I check my felf,and recommence; and this is incident to long prayers,which are more fubjeft to' mansweaknefs,and the de¬ vils malice. I thank God I have this fruit of my forrain Travels that I can pray unto him evry day of the week in a feverall Language, and upon Sunday in feven, which inOrifonsofmy own I punctually perform in my privat Pomeridian devotions. , E-t fic aterndm contends attingere vie am. By thefe Heps I ftrive to climb up to heaven, 2c my foul prompts me I fhall thither; for ther is no objeft in the world delights me more than to call up my eyes that way, fpecially in a Star-light night; and if my mind be overall with any odd clouds of me¬ lancholy sS. 6 . Familiar Letters. 255 lancho!y,when I look up and behold that glorious Fabric, which I hope fball be my Countrey hereafter, therare new fpirits begot in ne prcfently,, w hicli make me fcorn the World, and the plea- fures thereof, confidering the vanity of the one, and the inanity of the other. Thus my foul hill moves Ea[l-mird, as all the Heavenly bodies doe-, but 111mft tell you-, that as thole bodies are over-mafter’d and fnatclfd away to the Weft, raptu primi mbilis, by the gene- rail motion of the tenth fphere, fo by thofe Epidemical infirmi¬ ties which are incident to man, I am often fnatch’d away a clean contrary cours, yet my foul perfifts ftill in her own proper mo¬ tion: I am often at variance, and angry with my felf (nor do I hold this anger to be any breach of charity) when I eonfider. That wheras my Creator intended this body of mine, though a lump of Clay, to be a Temple of his holy Spirit, my affeftions (hould turn it often to a Brntbel-boufe, my paftions to a Bedlam, and my exedtes to an Hofpitall. Being of a Lay-profelfton, I humbly conform to the Conftitu- tions of the Church,and my fpirituall Superiors, and I hold this obedience to bean acceptable Sacrifice to God. Difference in opinion may work a difajfeftion in me, but not a inflation : I rather pitty,than hate T«i(or Infdell, for they are of the fame metali, and bear the fameftamp as I do, though the Infcriptions differ (if I hate any ,’tis thofe fchifmatics that puz¬ zle the fweet peace of our Church, fo that I coukfbe content to fee an Anibaptijl go to Hell on a Bmvnijlshick. Noble Knight, now that I have thus evifeerated my felf, and dealt fo clearly with you, I defireby way of correfpondence that you would tell me,what way you take in your journey to Heaven; for if my breftliefoopen to you, 'tis not fitting yours fliould be tout up to me; therfore I pray let me hear from you when it may Hand with your Convenience. So I wifh you youf hearts ddire here, and Heaven hereafter, becaufelam - Tours in no vulgar way of London,2$. July, 1(335. fritnd;hip,J.}l. ~~ ~ xxxui. To Simon Digby Efyuire , at Mofco ,tbe Em¬ peror o/Rnflia’s Com. SIX , ; I Receiv’d one of yours by Mr. Piddyarfl, and lam glad to find that the rough dime of RuJJia agrees fo well with you 1 fo wcl 25 6 Familiar Letters. ' VoUi t as you write, as the Catholic ayr of Madrid, or the Imperial ayr of Vienna, where you hadfuch honorable employments. The greatefl news we have here is, that we have a Bifhop Lord Treafurer; and ’tis news indeed in thefe times, though ’twas no news you know in the times of old to have a Bifhop Lord Trea- fur'er of England. I belcevc he was mcerly patjiye inthis bufines; the at/m inflrument that put the white Staff in Iris hands, v,s the Metropolitan at Lambeth. I have other news alfo to tell you, we have a brave new (hipj Royal Gallon, the like, they fay, did never fpread Sail upon Salt-water,take her true and well compared Symmetry, with all dimenfions together; for her burden, flic hath as many Tuns as ther were years fm.ee the Incarnation, when flie was built, which are fixteen hundred thirty and fix ; (lie is in length one hundred twenty and fevenfoot, her greatefl breadth with the planks, is fourty fix foot, and fix inches; her depth from the breadth is nineteen foot, and four inches: flie carrieth a hundred Piece; of Ordnance wanting four,whereof flic hath three tyreyhalf a fcore men may dand in her Lantern; the charges His Majeflie hath bin at in the building of her, are computed to be fourfeore thou- fand pounds, one whole years Ship-money: Sir Robert Manfd launc’d her,and by his Majeflies command call’d her,' The Sovenh of the S ea : Many would have had her to be nam’d the Edgar,wh was one of the mod famous Saxon Kings this Ifland had,and the mod potent at Sea. Ranulphus cefirenjis writes, That he had four hundred fhips, which every year after Latter, went out in four Fleets to fccur the Goads. Another Authour writes, That he had four Kings to row him once upon the Die. Eut the Tide lie gave himfclfjvvas a notable lofty one,which was this ,Altitonant:s Dei Ur- geflua dementia qni ejl Hex Regum, Ego Edgardus Anglomn Bafili- us, omnium Regum , Infularum, Oceanique Britanniam circumjacent /', cimdarumque Natiimum qu.e infra earn induduntur, Imperatot & Dominies, &c. I do not think your gran Etnperor of Ritifia hatha loftier Title; I confefs the Sophy of Perjia hath a higher one, though prophane,and ridiculous, in comparifon of this; For lie calls himfelf, The Star high and mighty, whofi head is cover'd with the Sun,whofe motion is comparable to the xthereal Firmament, Lord of the Mountains,Cancafus and Taurus, of the four Rivers, Euphrates Tygris,Araxis and Indus; liud of honor, Mirrour of virtue, Rofeoj delight and Nutmeg of comfort: It is a huge defeent methinks, to begin with a Star, and end in a Nutmeg. All your friends here in Court and Citv are well, and often mindful of you, with a world of good wifhes,and you cannot be faid to be out of England, as long as you live in fo many noble. memories: § c tf. 6. Familiar Letters. 257 memories : Touching mine, you have a large room in it, foryoU; are one of chief inmates. So with my humble Service to your Lady, I reft londi 1. july, Yourm-l faithful Servitor , .1(535. ' ' while]. H. XXXIV. To Dr. Tho. Prichard. Dr.tr Dr. ; _ . , I Have now had to long a lupcrfcdcas front employment, hav¬ ing engag'd my felf to a fatal man at Court (by his own feck- ■ ing) who I hoped; arid had reafon to expeft (for I wav'd'.’ all other wayesj that he would have bin a Scale towards my ri- fmg, but he hath rather prov’d an hijlru'miit to my ruine: it may ; be lie will profper accordingly. I am fiiortly bound for Inland, ■ and it may be the Stars will [ call a more benign Afpeft upon me in the mjl-, you know who got the Pr,yw/fEmpire by looking that way for the firft'beams of the Sun-rifmg,rather than towards the Eafl. My Lord Deputy hath made often profeflions to do me a plea-. fure, andT intend nriw to put him upon’t. I purpofe to pafs by the Bath for a pain I have in my Arm, pro¬ ceeding from a Defluxion of Rheum, and then! will take Encfa >isr(in my way, to comfort my filter Peniy, who I think hath loft, one of-the belt hufbands in all the thirteen Shires of mils.' So. with apprecation of all happinefe to you, I reft Uni. io. Feb. . lours while, 1 *37- . ' . J-H. A- ■ ' XXXV. To Sir Kenelme Digby Knight,from Bath. sir, ' \7 OUR being then in the Countrey, when I began my journey ■ 1. for. Inland ,was the caufe 1 could not kilTe your hands,tlier- fore I (hall do now from Bath,what I fliould have done at London. - Being here for a diftillation of Rheum that pains me in one of my Arms,and having had about three thoufand llroaksofapump upon me in the Queens Bath ,: And having bin here now divers daies, and view’d the feveraf qualities of tliefe Waters, I fell to contemplat a little what fhould be the reafon of fuch extraordi¬ nary a&ual heat,and medicinal vertue in them. I have feen and read of divers Baths abroad, as thofe of Cadanel and Aviniaii in ligroSenenJijftic Grotta in Vicerbio,±ok between Naples 8: Vuteo- . R him 258 Familliar Letters. Voli, lm in Campania and I have bin a little curious to know the rea- fon of thofe rare Lymphatical properties in them above other waters. I find that fom impute it to Wind,or Ayr, or fom Exha¬ lations fhut up in the Bowels of the Earth, which either by their own nature,or by their violent motion and agitation,or attrition upon Rocks,and narrow pafiages, do gather heat, and fo impart it to the Waters. Others attribut this balneal heat unto the Sun,whofe all-fearch- ing Beams penetrating the Pores of the Earth, do heat the Wa- ters. Others think this heat to proceed from quick lime, which by common experience we find to heat any Waters caft upon’t, anil alfo to kindle any combuflible fubftance put upon it. Laftly, ther arefome that afcribe this heat to a fubterrancan fire kindled in the bowels of the Earth,upon fulphury and bitu¬ minous matter. Tis true, all thefe may be general concurring caufes, but not the adxquat,proper and peculiar reafon of balneal heats ; and here¬ in truly our learned Countrey-man Dr. Jordon hath got the Hart of any that ever writ of this fubjeft, and goes to work like a folid Fbilofopher ; for having treated of the generation of minerals, lie finds that they have their Seminaries in the Womb of the Earth replenilh’d with active fpiritsjwhich meeting with apt matter and adjuvant caufes, do proceed to the generation of feveral fpecies, according to the nature of the efficient, and fitnefs of the mat¬ ter :. In this work of generation^ ther is generatio unit's, fo ther is corrupt io alter las ; and this cannot be done without a fuperior power, which by moifture dilating it felf,. works upon the mat¬ ter like a leav’ning and ferment, to bring it to its own purpofe. This motion ’twixt the agent fpirit,and patient matter,produ- ceth an aftual heat: for motion is the fountain of heat, which ferves as an infirument to advance the work; for as cold dulls, fo heat quickneth all things: Now for the nature of this heat, it is not a deftruftive violent heat, as that of fire, but a generative gentle heat joyn’d with moiliure,nor needs it air for eventilation: This natural heat is daily obferv’d by digging in the Mynes; fo then while Minerals are thus engendring,and in folutisprincipiis,m their liquid forms,and notconfolidated into hard bodies,(for then they have not that vertuej they impart heat to the neighbouring Wa- ters.So then it may be concluded, that this foil about the Bath is a mineral vein of Earth,and the fermenting gentle temper of ge¬ nerative heat that goes to the produftion of the faid Minerals doth impart aud actually communicate this balneal vertue and me¬ dicinal heat to thefe Waters. Setf.6* Familiarizes. 259 This fubjeft of Mineral waters would afford an Ocean of matter, vver one to compile a folid difcours of it: And I pray excufe me, that I have prefum’d in fo narrow a compafle as a Letter,to com¬ prehend fo much,which is nothing I think,in comparifonofwhat ■you know already of this matter. So I take my leave, and humbly kiffe your hands, being al~ wayes %bar Lordjhips mofl faithful From tbs Bath, 3. July. and, ready Servant, 1538. J.H. XXXVI. From Dublin •, To Sir Ed. Savage Knight, at Tower-Hill. SIR, T Ain com fafely to Dai//#,over an angry boyfler'ous Sea-,whether i’twas my voyage on Salt-water, or change of Ayr, being now under another clime, which was thecaufeofit, I know not,but I arafuddenly freed of the pain in my Arm -, when neither Bath, nor Plaifter$,andother remedies could do me no good. I deliver’d your Letter to Mr .James D///o»,but nothing can be don in that bufinefs tell your brother Vain corns to Town.I meet herewith divers of my Northern frends, whom I knew at : Here is a molt fplendid Court kept at the Caftle, and except that of the Vice-roy of Naples, I have notfeen the like in Christendom, and in one point of Grander,the Lord Deputy here goes beyond him,for he can confer honours,and dub Knights,-which that Vice¬ roy cannot, or any other I know of: Trafic encreafeth here won¬ derfully, with all kind of bravery and building. I made an humble motion to my Lord, that in regard bufinef- fes of all forts did multiply here daily, and that ther was but one cfe-iof the Councel( Sir Vaul Davis J who was able to difpatch bufmes, ( Sir will. Vjher his Collegue being very aged and bed-' rid) his Lordfhip would pleafe to think of me: My Lord gave me an anfwer full of good refpeft to fuccecd Sir william after his death. No more now, but with my moft affeftionat refpects unto you Ireft Dublin, 3. May. 'Four faithful Servitor, . J- H; Kz XXXVIL 26o Familiar Letters, Vol. I, XXXVII. To Dr. Ufher Lo. Trirnatof Ireland. A yf Ay it pleafe your Grace to accept of ray rnoft humble Ac- IV 8 knowledgmenr, for tliofe Noble favors I receiv’d at Drog- Waii; and that you pleas’d to communicat unto me thofe rare Manufcrips in fo many Languages, and divers choice Authors in your Library. Your learned Work, De primardiis, Ecelefiam, Britanicame, which you pleas’d to fend me,I have Lent to England ,& fo it fliall be convey’d to Jefus Colltdgt in Oxford, as a gift from your Grace. I hear that Cardinal Barberino, one of the Popes Nephews, is fetting forth the works of Fa[tidins a Brittifh Biihop,call’d Unite Chriftiana. It was written 300 years after our Saviour, and Hol- fhiiius hath the care of the Impreflion. I was lately looking for a word in Saidas, and I lighted upon a flrangepalfagein the name’Intf/f That in the Reign of Jtifti- nian_ the Emperor, one 7 biodojins a Jew, a man of great Authori¬ ty, liv’d in Jerufalem, with whom a rich Goldfmith who was a Chriftian, ■was in much favor, and very familliar, The Goldfmith, in privat difeours, told him one day. That • he wondred , he being a man of fitch a great underflanding. did rot turn Chriflan, conft- derirg howhe fo’indalltlieProphecies of the Law fo evidently ac- complifh'd in our Saviour,and 0 ur Saviours Propliefies accomplifh'd fince. Theodofius anfwercd that it did nit ft and with his Security and continuance in Authority to turn Chriftian, but he had a long time a good opinion of that Religion, and he wou'd difeover afecret unto him which was not yet com to the fnawledgof anyChriflian. It was,Thatvvhen the Temple was founded in Jerufalem, rher wer 22 Pricfts according to the number ofthe Hebrew letters,to official the 7im'r,and when any was chofen,his name with his father and Mo¬ thers, were ufed to be regiftred in a fair Book. In the time of Chrift,a Prieft died,and hewaschofen in his place;but when his name was to be entred,his father Jofeph being dead,his mother was fent for, \yho being asked who was his fatherlfhe anfwercd, That Ihe neverfnew man, but that the conceiv’d by an Angel: So his name was'regiftred in thefe words -.JESUS C HEIST T HE SON OF GOD AND OF THE V IR GIN M ART. This Record at the deftruftion of the Temple was preferved, and is to be fee in Tyberias to this day. I humbly defire your Graces opinion hereof in your next. They write to me from England of rare news in Trance, which is, That the Queen is delivered of a Daulphin, the wonderfull’ft thing of this kind that any Story can parallel} for this is the three and Se$.6. Familiar Letters* 261 and twentieth year fince (he was married, and hath continue childlefle all this while ;fo that now Monfienrs cake is dough,and I believe he will be more quiet hereafter. So I reft, Dublin, 1. March, Tour Graces moft devoted. 1^39- Scrj/fovj.H. XXXVIII. To my Lord Clifford, from Eden- burgh. My Lord, I Have feen now all the King of great chain’s Dominions; and he is a good traveller that hath feen all his Dominions, I was born in wdis, I have been in all the four corners of England, I have traverfed the Diameter of France more than one, and now lam com through Inland into this Kingdom of Scotland. This Town of Jidtnbnrgh is one of the faireft ftreets that ever I faw, (excepting that of Palermo in Sicily) it is about a mife long,coming Hoping down from the Caftle. (calrd ofoldthe.Ca/?/e of Virgins, and by Pliny, calbum datum ) to Holy-Rood-Houfe ,now the Royal Palace -, and thefe two begin and terminat the Town. I ain com hither in a very convenient time, for here’s a National Affembly, and a Parliament,my Lord Traqnair being his Majefties Commiftioner. The Bifhops are all gon to wrack,and they have had but a forry Funeral •, the very name is grown fo contemptible that a black Dog if he hath any white marks about him, is call’d Bi'jhop. Our Lord of Canterbury is grown here fo odious, that they call him commonly in the Pulpit, The Pritjl o/Baal, and the [on of Belial. I’le tell your Lordlhip ofa pafiage-waich happen’d lately in my Lodging which is a'Tavern: I had fcnt,for a Shoo-maker to make me a pair of Boots, and my Landlord, who is a pert fmart man, brought up a chopin of white-wine(and for this particular,tlier are better Frradi-Wines here than in lingl md,md cheaper; for they are but at a Groat a quart, and it is a crime of a high nature,to mingle orfophifticatany wine here. ) Over this Chopin of White wine, my Vintner and Shoo-maker fell into a hot Difpute about Bifhops: The Shoo-maker grew very furious,and call’d them The firebrands of Hell, the Panders of the it’hore of Babylon, and the Inurn¬ ment of the Devil-, and that thy were of his infitution, not of Gods. My Vintner took him up ftnartiy andfaid. Hold Neighbour,there-, Do you ^novo aswell as I, that Titus and Timothy were Bifhops ? thd our Saviour is int it led, The Bifhop of our fouls ? that the word R 3 Bifhop 262 Familiar Letters. Vol. i, TShlbo]>,is as frequently mentioned in Scripture,as the name Paftor,El. der,o r Deacon? then why do yon inveigh fo bitterly againfi tbemiTh? Shoo-Maker anfwered, I know the name and office to be good, but they have abitfed it. My Vintner replies, well then, you are i Shoo-maker by your profeffion, imagine that you , ora hundred, on thoufand, or a hundred thoufand of your Trade fhould play the knaves, and fell Calfskin-leather hoots ; for Neats-leather , or do other cheats-, mujl we therfore go barefoot? mjl the Gentle-craft of shoe¬ makers fall therfore to the ground? It is the fault of the Men not of tk Calling. The Shoo-makers was fo gravell’d at this, that lie was put to his La(l -, for he had not a word more to fay: fo my Vint¬ ner got the day. Ther is a fair Parliament Houfe built here lately, and ’twas ho¬ ped his Majeftie would have tane the .maiden-head of it, and com hither to fet in perfon j^and they did ill who adivis’d him o- therwife. I am to go hence fhortly back to Dublin, and fo to Condon,whet I hope to find your Lordlhip, that according to my accuftomed boldnefs, I may attend you. In the interim I reft JEdenburgh, 1639. Tour Lordfhips mofi humble fervitorj.il. XXXIX. ~ To Sir K. Digby Knight. SIR-, I Thank you for the good opinion you pleafe to have of my fair* cy of Trees : is a maiden one, and not blown upon by any one yetiBut for the merits you pleafe to aferibe unto the Author,I ut¬ terly difdaim any, fpecially in the porportion you pleafe to give them me. ’Tis you that have parts enough to compleat a whole Jury of men.Thofe fmall perquifits that I have,are thruft up into a little narrow lobby, _ but thofe perfections that beautifie your no¬ ble foul, have a fpacious Palace to walk in, more fumptuous then either the Louvre, Seraglio, or Efcnrial, So I moft affeCtionatly kifs your hands, being alwayes Tour inofi faithful fervitor, wefinin. 3. Decern. •'' j, H. ■ ■ id*?; SeU. 6 . Famiiliar Letters. 263 XL. To Sir Sackvill Crow, His Majefiies Ambaffador, at the Pofi of Conftantinople. Right Honorable Sir , T HE greateft news we have hear now, is a notable naval fight that was lately ’twixt the Spaniard and Hollander, in the Domes •, but to make it more intelligible, I will deduce the bufi- nes from the beginning.. The King of Spain had provided a great Fleet of Galeons, whereof the Vice-Admiralls of Naples and Portugall were two, (whereof he had fent advice to England long before.)Thedefign was to meet with the French Fleet, under the command of the Archbifhop of Bi virdenx, and in default of that, tolandfom trea- fure at Dunfirf, with a recruit of Spaniards which were grown very thin in Flanders. Thefe recruits were got by an odd trick 5 I for fomofthe Fleet being at Saint Anderas, a reportwas blown up j ofpurpofe, that the French were upon the Coafts; hereupon all the young men of theCountrey came to the fea-fide,and fo a great I number of them were tumbled a (hipboard, and fo they fet fail towards the Coafts of France ■, but the Archbifhop it feems had drawn in his Fleet: Then ftriking into the Narrow Seas, they met with a Fleet of about fixteen Hollanders, vvherof they funk & took two, and the reft got away to Holland, to give an alarum to the States, whoinleffethanatnoneth, gottogetheraFleetofa- bout one hundred fail, and the wind being along time Eafterly, they came into the Domes, where D on Antonio d' Oquendo, the Spanijh Admirall had ftayed for them all the while. Sir John Pen¬ nington was then abroad with feven of his Majefties Ships: and don Antonio being daily warn’d what forces were preparing in zea- land and Holland, and fo advis’d to get over to the Flemish Coafts: in the interim with a haughty fpirit,heafwer’d, Tengo de quedar- ;m aquipara cajligar eftos Rebeldes: 1 mtljlay here to ebaflife thefe Rebels.- There were ten more of His Majefties Ships appointed to go joyn with Sir John Pinnington to obferve the motions of thofe Fleets, but the wind continuing ftill Eaft, they could not get out of the River. The Spanifb Fleet had Frefh-waters,Viftualls,and other necef- faries from our Coafts for their money,according to the capitula¬ tions of peace, all this while; at lalt, being half furprized by a cloud of Hollanders, confiding of one hundred and fourteen (hips ' they launc’d out from our Coafts, and a moft furious fight began, our fhips having retir’d hard by all the while : The Vice-Admi¬ ral of Portugal, a famous Sea Captain, Don Lope do Hoys, was R 4 ■ engag’d 264 Familiar Letters. Vol j. engag’d in clofe fight with the Vice-Admiral of Holland, and after many tough rencounters they were both blown up, and burnt together- At laft, night came and parted the reft; but fix Spanifl) Chips were taken, and about twenty of the Holla 7. dns perilh’d Oquendo then crofs’dovcr to E'ardic, and foback to Spain, where lie died before he came to the Court; and ’cis thought, had he liv’d,lie had bin queftion’d for feme mifearriages; for if he had fuffer’d the Vnntyigrs, who arc nimbler and more fit for fight, to have had the Van, and dealt with the Hollander, ’tis thought matters might have gou- better with him; but his ambition was, that the great span id) Galeoqs (hould get the glory of the day, The Spaniards give out that they had the better, in regard they did the main work,for Oquendo had conveyed all his recruits and treafure to Flanders, while he lay hovering 011 our Coafts. I One thing is herein very obfervable, what a mighty Naviga- ble power of th e Hollander is com to, that in fo fhort a compafs of time, he could appear with fuch a numerous fleer of one hundred and fourteen Sails of men of War,in fuch a perfect equi¬ page. . The times afford no more at prefent, therefore with a tender of my moft humble fervice to my noble Lady, and my thankful acknowledgment for thofe great favours which my Brother r.d- rvard writes to me lie hath receiv’d from yourLordlhip info An¬ gular a manner rr that Fort, defiring you would ftill oblige me with a continuance of them; I reft amongft thofe multitudes you have behind you in England, Hour Lordjhips faithful Lond.%. Aug, idgp. Serjitor, J. H. XL1. To Sir J. M. Knight . sin, I Hear that you begin to blow the cole, and offer facrifice to Dt- mogotgon , the God of Minerals: be well advis’d before you en¬ gage your felf too deep ; ckmijlry I know, by a little experi¬ ence,^ wonderful pleading for the tryalof fo many rare conclu- frons it carries with it, but wirhall ’tis coftly, and an enchanting kind of tiling; tor it hath melted many a fair Matinor in crufi- bles, and turn’d them fo fmoak. One prefented Sixtus £>nin- tns(Sice-cinq,as Queen Flb,akth call’d him Jwith a Book of Chpni- ftry, and the Pope gave him an empty purfe for a reward, Ther SeB. 6. Familiar Letters. ■ 265 Tlier be few whom Mercury the father of miracles doth favour the Queen of Sheba, and the King Crown’d with fire; are non propitious to many: He that hath the water turn’d to afhes,hath the Magiftery, and the true Pifilofophers ftone; therbefewof. thofe : Ther be fom that commit fornication in cbymifhy, by Hecerogeneous and Sophiftical citrinations; but they never com to the Phxnix neft. I know you have your (hare of wifdom, therfore I confefs it a prefumption in me, to give you Counfel. So I reft treHinin. i. Feb. Tour nwfi faithful Servitor, J 1638. J. H. XLII. To Simon Digby Efanire, at the grand Mofco in Rtiffia. SIR, I Return you many thanks for your laft of the firft of June, and that you acquaint me with the State of things in that Countrey. I doubt not but you have heard long fince of the revolt of Ca- ulmia from the King of Spain ; it feems the fparkles of thofe (ires are flown to Portugal,zad put that Countrcy all'o in combu- ftioti. The Duke of Bragan-^t, whom you may well remember about the Court of Spain is now King of Portugal, by the name of El Key Von Juan, and lie is as generally obey’d, and quietly fettled, as if he had bin King thefe twenty years there; for the whole Countrcy fell fuddenly to him not oncTown (landing out. V,hen the King of Spain told Olivares of it firft, he (lighted it, faying, That be was but Rey de Havat, a Bian-caJ>e Ring. But it Items ftrange to me, and fo ftra'nge, that it transforms me to wonder, that the Spaniard being accounted fo politic a Nation, aad fo full of precaution could not forefee this; efpecially, there being divers intelligences given, and evident fymptoms of the general difeontentment of that Kingdom (becaufe they could not be protected againft the Hollander in Brajil) and of fom de- fignsa year before,when this Duke of Brag aura was at Madrid. I wonder I fay, they did notfecure his pertbnby engaging him in foin employment out of the way : Truly J thought the Spaniard was better lighted, and could lee further oft then ,b. You know what a huge limb the Crown of Portugal waste, uac Spanish Mo¬ narchy, by the Ifland. -in the Atlantic Sea; rite towns in Afric 166 Familliar Letters. Vol.\ t and all the Eajl-Indies , infomuch, that the Spaniard hath no¬ thing now left beyond the Lins. Tlier is no offenfive war yet made by Spain againft King John, fhe only Hands upon the defenfive part, until the Catalan be re¬ duc’d ; and I believe, that will be a long-winded bufinefle; for this trench Cardinal ftirs all the devils of Hell againft Spain, info- much, that moft men fay, that thefe formidable fires which are now raging in both thefe Countries, were kindled at firft by a Granado hurl’d from his brain : Nay, fom will not ftick to fay, that this breach ’twist us and Scotland , is a reach of his. There was a ruthfull difafter happen’d lately at Sea, which makes our Merchants upon the Exchange hang down their heads very fadly. The ftiip Swan, whereof one Limery was Mafter,ha¬ ving bin four years abroad about the Sfreights, was failing home with a Carga^on valued at eight hundred thouland pounds, wher- of four hundred and fifty thoufand was in Money y the reft in Je¬ wells and Merchandife y but being in fight of /hore, fhe fprunga leak, and being ballafted with Salt, it choak’d the Pump, fo that the Swan could fvvim no longer: Soin fixteen were drown’d,and fom of them with ropes of Pearl about their necks, the reft were fav’d by an Hamburgher not far off. The King of Spain lofeth little by it (onelyhis affairs in Flanders may fuffer) for his Mo¬ ney was infur’d, and few of the Principals, but the Infurers onely, who were moft of them Ginoways, and Hollanders: A moft in- fortunate chance, for had fhe com tofafePort, fhe had bin the richeft Chip that ever came into the names y fo that Neptune ne- ner had fuch a morfel at one bit. All your friends here are well, as you will underftand more particularly by thofe Letters that go herewith. So I wifit you'all healdiand comfort in that cold Countrey, and defire that your love may continue ftill in the fame degree of heat towards Lond.$. of Mar. 1639. Tour faithful fervitor, J. H. XLIII. To Sir K. D. Knight. SIR, 1 T was my fortun to be in a late communication wher a Gentle- J[ man fpoke of a hideous thing that happen’d in High-Holborn, how one John Pennant a young man of 21,being difiefted after his death,ther was a kind of Serpent with divers tails found in the left Ventricle of his heart, which you know is the moft defended part I Setf.6. Familiar Letters* 2 6f parr, being thrice thicker than the right, and in the Cell which holds the pured and mod illuftrious liquor, the arte rialblood, & the vital fpirits. This Serpent was it feems three yearsingen¬ dring, for fo long time he found himfelf indifpofed in the bred; and it was obferv’d, that his eye in the interim grew more fharp and fiery, like the eye of a Cock,which is next to a Serpents eye in rednes; fo that the iymptom of his inward Difeafe might have been told by certain exterior Rays and Signatures. God preferve us from public calamities 5 for Serpentin Mon- fters have been often ill-favoured perfages. I remember in the Man ftory, to have read how, when Snakes or Serpents wer found near the datutes of their gods, as one time about Jupittrs neck, another time about Minerva % thigh , ther follow’d bloudy Civil Wars after it. I remember alfo, few years fince, to have read the relation and depofition of the Carrier of Tewxbery, who, with divers of his fer- vants, puffing a little Before the dawn of the day with their packs over Cofr-Hill, faw mod fenfibly and very perfpicuoufly in the air, Muskitiers,harneffedmen,andhorfe-men, moving in Battle- arrav, and affaulting one another in divers furious podures. I doubt not but that you have heard of thofe fiery Meteors and Thunderbolts that have fallen upon fundry of our Churches, and don hurt. Unlefs God be pleas’d to make up thefe ruptures ’twixt us and Scotland, we are like to have ill dayes. The Archbilhop of Canterbury was lately outrag’d in his Houfe by a pack of common peeple : and Captain Mahan was pitifully madacred by his own men lately ; fothat the common peeple, it feems, have drange principles infiis’d into them, which may prove dan¬ gerous : for I am not of that Lords mind who faid, That they who fear any popular Infurnclion in England, an li^e boys and. mm, that an afraid of a Turnip cut like a deaths head with a can¬ dle int. Iam fhortly for France, and I will receive your Commands be¬ fore I go. So I am London. 2. May. Tour moflhumble Servitor, . 1640. J. H. XLIV. To my Lord Herbert of Cberberry, from Paris. My Lord , I Send herewith Dodonas Grove couch’d in Trench, and in the neweft French •, for though die main verfion be mine, yet I got •• 9 n of the Academe des beaux Efprits here to run it over,to cor- ■' ' reft 2(58 Familiar Letters. Vol. i reft and refine his Language, and reduce it tothemoft moderi D'nleft.It took io here,tint the new Academy of wits have given a public and far higher Ehgitri of it than it deferves. I brought to the Cardinal at Hulls, wher I was a good while with him in hi s privat garden, and it were a vanity in me,to infer here what Propofitions he nude me: tiier be fo:n fycophanrs here tint Idolize him, and l blub to read whit profane Hyperboles are Printed up and of him ; I will infunce in a few, Cedite Richel’o mortales, cedite Divi , Ills hominis vincit , vincit & ills Deos Then i Et fie nous faifons dis gbirlandes „ C'efi pour sn cmmrnr u n Dhu, Qui filths lenom de Richelieu, Rejoit nos six.is & nos ofiwides. Then Richeliiawf/i Rupell* porta patifeit, Chrifio Infinities atpatusre fores. Certainly he isa rare man, and of a tranfeendent reach, and they are rather miracles then exploits that he hath done, though thofe miracles be of a fanguin Dy (the colour of his habit)fteep’d in blood; which makes the Spaniard call him the gran Ciga-fugi of cbride'ilo'n. Divers of the fciennficall’ft, and molt famous wits here,have fpokenof your Lord.Tiip with admiration, and of your great work Ds veritatt, andwer thofe excellent notions and! theorical precepts, aftua: ly applyed to any particular Science, it would be an infinic advantage to the Common wealth of learning all the World over, So I humbly kilTe your hands, and reft Paris,. April i. Tour Lordihips moft faithful 1541. Servitor J.H. XLV. To the Right Honorable Mrs. Elizabeth Altham now Lady Digby Madam, ' T Her be many fad hearts for the Ioffe of my lord Ro bert pigty but thegreateft weight offorrow falls upon your Ladilhip; Amongft other excellent vertues, which the world admires you for,I know your Ladifhip to have that meafure of high defcreti- on that will check your paflidns; I know alfo ,that your patiepce Yol 3 . Familiar Letters. 2 6p liath been often excercif d, and put to tryal in this kind. For be¬ lies the Baron your father, and Sir James, you loft your brother, Mailer Richard A Itbam, in the verdent’ft time of his age, a Gen¬ tleman of rare hopes,& I beleeve this funk deep into your hearts; you loft Sir Francis Ajilcy fmce, a worthy vertuous Gentleman: And now you have loft a noble Lord. We all owe Nature a debt, which is payable fom time or other, whenfoever fhe demands it ; nor doth Dame Nature ufe to leal Indentures, or paffe over eU tlier Leafe or Patent for a fet term of years to any; For my pare I have feen lb much of the world, that if fhe offer’d me a Leafe,l would give her but a fmall Fwefor’t 5 fpecially now that the Times are grown fo naught, that people are becom more than half mad: but, Madam as long as ther are men, ther muft be malignant humors, ther muft be vices, and viciffitudes of things; a; long as the World wheels round, ther muft betoffings and tumblings, diftraftions and troubles, and bad times muft be re- tompenc’d with better. So I humbly kils your Ladifhips hands, and reft, | XL VI. To the Honorable Sir P. M. in Dublin. is IE, I Am newly return’d from FniB«,and now that Sir Edw,Nicho¬ las f made Secretary of State, lam put in fair hopes,or rather alfurances to fucceed him in the Clerkfhip of the Councel. The Duke 1le la Valette is lately tied hither for fanftuary,having bad ill luck in Fonta-rabia,they fay his Proces was made,and that lie was executed in Efftgie in PmvV.’Tis true,he could never fquare well with his EmiMncy, the Cardinal, ( for this is a peculiar Tide he got long fince from Rome, to-diftinguifh him from all other ) nor his father neither, the title old Duke of Elpirnon,the ancient’ft Souldier in the world, for he wants but one year of a hundred. When I was laft in Paris, 1 heard of a facetious pafage ’twixt him, and the Archbiftiop of Bs/nvlwK.v.v. ho in effect is High Lord Admiral of France, and ’twas tlnis: The Archbiftiop was to go General of a great Fleet, and the Duke came to his Houle in Imrdean :rone morning to vifit him : the Archbiftiop fent fom of his Gentlemen to defire him to have a little patience, for he. was difpatching away fom Sea-Commanders, aud that he would wait on him prefently : The little Duke took a pett at it,and went away to his houfe at Cadillac, fom fifteen miles off: The'next morning 270. Familiar Letters. Vol. the Archbifhop came to pay him the vifit, and to apologize f or himfelf: being com in, and the Duke told of it,he fent his Chap, plain to tell him, That be vnis newly fallen upon a Chapter of Saint Auflins de Civitate Dei, and when he had read that Chapter, he would com to him. Som years before,I was told he was at Paris,and Richelieu came to vifit him , he having notice ofit, Richelieu found him in a Cardinals Cap, kneeling at a Table Altar-wife, with his Book and Beads in his hand, and Candles burning before him. I hear the Earl of Leiceftcr is to com fhortly over, and fo over to Ireland to be your Deputy. No more now, but that I am Loud. Sept. 7. Tour mji faithful fervitor, j. H. i5 4 t. XLVII. To the Earl of B. from the Fleet, My Lord, I Was lately com to London upon fom occafions of mine own,- and I- had been divers times in mpninsUr-’dall, wher I con¬ vers’d with many Parlement men of my acquaintance, but one morning betimes ther rufh’d into my Chamber five armed men with Swords,Piftols,and Bils, and told me they had a Warrant from the Parlement for me;I defir’d to fee their warrant,they de- nyed it; I defired to fee the date ofit, they denied it, I defired to fee my name in the Warrant,they denied all,at laft one of them pull’d out a greafie Paper out of his Pocket, and fhew’d me only three or four names fubfcrib’d,and no more •, fo they rufh’d pre- fentlyinto myClofet, and feiz’d on all my Papers, and Letters, and any thing that was Manufcrip, and many Printed Books they took alfo,and hurl’d all into a great Hair Trunk, which they car¬ ried away with them : I had taken a little Phyfic that morning, and with very much ado,they fuffer’d me to ftay iu my Chamber with two Guards upon me till the Evening •, at which time they brought me before the Commiteefor Examination, whcrl con- fefs I found good refpeft and being brought up to the clofe Commitee, Iwas order’d to be forth-comming,till fome Papers of mine wer perus’d,and Mr. Corbet was appointed to do it : Som days after, I came to Mr. Corbet, and he told me he had perus’d them,and could find nothing that might give offence : Hereunto, I defir’d him to make a report to the Houfe according to which ( as I was told)he did very fairly; yet luch was my hard hap,that I was committed to the 'Fleet, wher I am now under dole re- ftrainc S e$.6. Familiar Letters. 271 ftraint: and as far as I fee, I muft lie at dead anchor in this Fleet a long time, unleffe fome gentle gale blow thence to make me hunch out,Gods will be don, and amend the times, and make up tliefe ruptures which threaten fo muchcalamity.SoI am Tour Lordjhips mo(l faithful Fleet. Nov. 20. (though now afjlified) 1643. Servitor,}. H. XLVIII. To Sir Bevis Thelwall Knight (Petri advin- ciila ) at Peter Houfe in London s I K s TpHough we are notin the fame Prifon, yet are we in the fame i predicament of fiiffrance 5 therfore I prefume you a fubjett ■ to the like fits of melancholly as I, The fruition of liberty is itt pleafing , as a conceit of the want of it is irt’lom i fpecially to one offuch free-born thoughts asyou.Melancholly is a black noxious humor, and much annoys the whole inward man 5 if you would know what Cordial I ufe againft it in this my fad condition, I’le tell you,I pore fometimes on a Book, and fo I make the dead my companions, and this is one of my chiefeft folaces; if the humor work upon me flronger,I rouze myfpirits, and raife them up to¬ wards Heaven, my future Countrey ; and one may be on his jour¬ ney thither,though fhut up inPrifon,and happily go a ftraighter way then if he wer abroad: I confider, that my loul while Ihe is coop’d within thefe walls of flefh, is but in a kind of perpetuall pifiu.And now my body correfponds with her in the fame condi¬ tion ; my body is the prifon of the one, and thefe Inicf walls the pifon of the other: And let the Englijh peeple flatter themfelves as long as they will, that they are free, yet are they in effeft but pifnners, as all other Iflanders are for being furrounded and clos’d about with Salt-water fas I am with thefe mils) they can¬ not go where they lift unlefs they ask the winds leave firft, and tytm muft give them a pafs. God Almighty amend the times, and compofe thefe woful di- vifions, which menace nothing but public ruine, the thoughts wherof drown in me the fenfe of mine own prhat affliction. So vvifhing you courage (whereof you have enough, if you put it in praftife) and patience in this fad condition, I reft From the Fleet , Aug. 2. Tour true Servant and id43. compatriot,]. H. XLIX. To iji ' Fachiliar Letters. Vol.i, XLIX. Tc Mr. E. P; SIR , I Saw fuch prodigious things daily don thefe few years, that I had refolv’d with my felf to give over wondrkg at any thing, yet a paiTage happen’d this week, that forc’d me to wonder once more, becaufe it is without parallel. It was that fom odd fellows went skulking up and down London- fireets, and with Figs and Raifons allur’d little Children, and fo pourloyn’d them away from their Parents, and carried them a Ship-board, for beyond Sea, where by cutting their hair, and other devices, they fo dif-- guis’d them, that their Parents could not know them.This made me think upon that miraculous pafiage in Hamden a Town in Germany, which I hop’d to have pafs’d through when I was in Hamburgh, had wc return’d by Holland-,w\\\c\\ was thus(nor would I relate it unto you wer ther not fom ground of truth for it.) The faid Town of Hamden was annoyed with Rats and Mice : and it chanc'd,that a Pied-coated Piper came thither, who covenanted with the chief Burgers for fuch a reward, if he could free them quite from the faid Vermin, nor would he demand it till a twelve month and a day after: The agreement being made, lie began to play on his Pipes,and all the Rats and the Mice followed him to a great Lough hard by,where they all perifh’d;fo the Town was infefted no more. At the end of the year, the Pied-Piper return’d for his reward, the Burgers put him off with flightings,and neg- left,offering him fom finall matter,which he refusing,and flaying fom dayes in the Town, on Sunday morning at high Mafs, when moft peeple were at Church, he fell to play on his Pipes,atjd all the children up and down, follow’d him out of the Town, to a great Hill not far off, which rent in two, and opened,and let him' and the children in, and fo clos’d up again : This happened a matter of two hundred and fifty years fince; and in that Town, they date their bills and bonds,and other inflruments in Law, to this day from the year of the going out of their children: Befides, there is a great pillar of ftone at the foot of the faid Hill, wheron thisftoryisingraven. _ , No more now, for this is enough in Confidence for one time: So Iain Fleet, i. Ocleb, 'Your mjt affectionate Servitor, Seff.6. Familiar Letters. m L. To my LordG. D. My Lord, T Her be two weighty layings in Senecca, Nihil ejl infelicius eo, cni nil unquam mil git advirfi : Tm is nothing more unhappy tlwi he who never felt any adverjity: The other is Nullum ejl ma¬ ils malum, qaam non poffe fern malum: Ther is no greater croffe, than m to be able to bear a croffe. Touching the firft,I am not capable ofthat kind of unhappinefs ■, for I have had my fhare of adverfi- ty I have bin hammer’d, and dilated upon the anvil, as our Coun- trey-man Brea f [pear ( Adrian the fourth) faidof himfelf, I have linpain’d through the limbec ofaffiittion.To\ichif)g the fecond, I aaialfofree of that crofs; for, I thank God for it, I have that portion of Grace, and fo much Philifophy, as to be able to endure, and confront any miferyt’Tis not fo tedious to tne,as to others to be thus /#; w’d,becaufe I have bin inur'd, and habituated to trou* bles, That which finks deepeft in me, is the fenfe I have of the common calamities of this Nation ; ther is a (irange Spirit hath got in amongft us, which makes the Idea of holinefs,theformali? ty of good, and the very faculty of reafon, to be quite differing from what it was. I remember to have read a tale of the Ape in Paris, who having got a child out of the cradle, and. carried him up to the top of the tiles,and ther fat with him upon the ridg.The parents beholding this ruthful fpeftacle, gave the Ape fair and fmooth language, fo he gently brought the child down again and replac’d him in the cradle. Our Country is in the fame cafe this child was in,and I hope ther will befweet and gentle means us’d to preferve it from precipitation. The City of London hicks conftantly to the Parlement,and the Com mona£ouncell fwayes much, infomuch, that I believe, if the Lord Chancellor Egerton were now living, he would not be fo pleafant with them, as he was once to a new Recorder of London, whom lie had invited to a dinner to give him joy of his Office,and having a great Woodcock-Py ferv’d in about the end of the repaft which had been fent him from Chefs ire, hefaid, Now, Majter Re¬ order, you are welcom to a Common-Councel. Ther be many difcreet brave Patriots in the City , and I hope they will think upon fom means to preferve us and themfelvep from ruin: Such are the prayers, early and late, of Pint, 2. Jan. ■ ■ 7 our Lordjhips mojl humble i6iz. Servitor, ].ll. v S LI. e 274 Familiar Letters. Vol. r. LI. To Sir Alex. R. 1 {night SIR, Purely, God Almighty is angry with England, and ’tismore O fure, that God is never angry without caufe; now to know this caufe the belt way is, for every one to lay his hand on his Breft and examinhimfelf throughly to fummon his thoughts,and winnow theffl,and fo call to remembrance how far he hath offen¬ ded Heaven, and then it will be found,that God is not angry with England, but with £ff£//j 7 ;-men.When that doleful change was pronounc’d againft Israel, Vmditio ex te J fail, It was meant of the count,{ not the abflraB-, )Ob lfuelites, your nh cows from your [elves. When I make this fcrutiny within my felf, and enter into the clofeft cabinet of my foul. I find ( God help me j) that I have contributed as much to the drawing down of thefe judgment on England, as any other: when I ranfacktlic three Cells of my Brain, I find that my imagination hath bin vain and extravagant: my memory bath kept the bad ,and let go the good, like a wild Sieve that retains the Brain, and. parts with the Flour : my undemanding hath bin full of errour and obliquities; . my will hath bin a rebell to reafon ; my reafon a rebell to Faith, (.which I thank God I have the grace to quel prefently with this caution, Snccitmbat Katio Fidci, & captive quiefiat. When I defccnd to my heart, the center of all my affeftions, I find it hath fwell’d often with Tympanies of vanity,and Tumors of wrath ; when I take my whole felf into alump,I find that lain nought clfe but a Cargazon of malignant humors, a rabble of unruly paffions,amongft which my poor foul is daily crucified,as ’cwixt fo many theeves. >Therforeasl pray in general, that God would pleafe not to punifh this Iflandfor the fins of the peep!e,'fo more particularly I pray , that /he fuffer not for me in particular; who , if one would by way of induction , .would make one of die chiefeft inflames of the argument, And as I am thus confcious to my felf of my own dements, fo I hold it to be the duty of every one, to compleat himfelf this way and to re¬ member the faying of a noble Englijh Captain, who when the Town of Calis was loft ( which was the laft footing we had in France (being geer’d by a Frenchman, and ask’d, Now Englijh- man, when will you com back to Francelanfmred, Oh Sir,mock not, when the fins of France are greater then the fins cf England, die Englilmen will com again to France. Before SeB. 6. Familiar Letters. 27 $ Eefcre the Sac of Troy, ’twas faid and fung up and down die flreets, Iliacos intra Buns peccatur & extra. The verfe is as true for fenfe and feet, lntu Londini mum peccatur & extra Without and eke within The Walls of London there is fin. The way to better the Times, is for every one,to mend oneJ will conclude with this ferious Invocation. I pray God avert thofe further Judgments(of Famin and Peflilence^which are ho¬ vering over this populous, and onceflourilhing City, and difpofe of the Brains and Hearts of this people, to feek and ferve him aright. I thank you for your Iafl vifit, and for the Poem you fent me fince. So I am Your mofi faithful Servitor, Fleet, 3. Tun. J. H, LII. To Mr. John Batty Merchant f ? I K, I Receiv’d the Printed difcour&liou pleas’d to fend me, call’d the Merchants Rmnfttmce, for which I return you due ant} deferved thanks. Truly Sir, it is one of the mofl material and folid peeces I have read of this kind: And I difeover therin two things y firft,the af-' fcftion you bear to your Counrrey,with the refentment you have ofthefe woful diftraftions: than,the judgment and choice expc J rience you have purchafed by your negotiations in Spain & Gn* way-In you may be verified the tenet they hold in Italy,That the Merchant bred abroad, is the beft Common-wealths man, being properly applied: For my part, I do not know any profeflion of life Specially in an IflandJ more to be cherifh’d and countenan¬ ced with honorable employments than the-Merchant-Adventurei 5 (I do not mean Only the Staplers of Hamborough and Rotterdam) for if valiant and dangerous actions do ennoble a man,and make him merit,furely the Merchant-Adventurer defervesmore honor than any,for he is to encounter not only with men of all tempers Familiar Letters. Vol. i, and humors, (asaFrwicfe Councellour hath it ) but he Cornells and tugs oft-times with all the Elements : Nor do I fee how fom of our Countrey Squires, who fell Calves, and Runts, and their Wives perhaps cheefe and apples,fliould be held more gen¬ tile than the noble Merchant-Adventurer,who fells Silks and Sat- tins Tiffuesand Cloth of Gold; Diamonds and Pearl, with Silver and Gold. In your difcotirs, you foretell the fudden calamities which are like to befall this poor Ifland, if Trade decay, and that this decav is inevitable, if thefe commotions laid: Herein you are prov’d half a prophet already,and I fear your prophcfiewill be fully accora- pllfh’d if matters hold thus. Good Lord .'wasther everpeepk lo aftive to draw their own ruine? which is fo vifible, that a pur¬ blind man may take a profpeft of it. We all fee this apparently, and hear it told us every minutjbut we are fallen to the condition of that foolilh people the Prophet fpeaks of, who had eyes.Jjh wadi not fee-, and ears, but would not'hear. All men know ther is nothing imports this Ifland more then Trade;it is that wheel of induflry, which fets all other a goingyit is that which preferves the chiefeft Cafdles and Walls of this Kingdom, I mean the Ships ; and how thefe are impair’d within this four years, I believe other Nations ( which owe us an invafion ) obferve and know better than we: For truly, I believe a million, (I mean of Crowns ) and I fpesk within compafle, will not put theNavy-Royall in that ftrengthas it was four y^rs fince, befides the decay of merchants Ships. A little before Athens ms orecom,the Oracle told one of the. Areo- pagitas, that Athens had feen her bejl dayes , For her Woodden Walls l meaning her fhips) were decayed. As I told you before,ther is a ■Nation or two that owe us an Invafion. No more now,but that with my molt kind and frendly refpe«s unto you, I reft always Tourstodifpofeofy 4May. To tny honouredfrend, Mr. E. P. SIR, pHe Times are foticklilh, that I dare not adventure to fend L you any Z.osdoa-intelligencc,lhe being now a Garrifon Town, I SeB.6. Familiar letters. 277 and you know, as well as 1, what danger I may incur; but for forren, indifferent news, you fhall underdand that Pope urban the eighth is dead, having fat in the chair above twenty years, a rare thing-, for it is obferv’d, that no Pope yet arriv’d to the years of Sty Peter, who, they fay, was Bifhop of Rom twenty and five. Cardinal Pamflio a Kan an born, a knowing man, and a greatLawyer is created Pope by afiumption of the name of Inno¬ cent the tenth: Ther was rough canvafing for voices, and a great contralto in the Conclave, ’twixt the Spanish and French faaion, who with the Barberino, flood for Sarkffi,buthe was excluded, as alfo another Dominican-, by thefe exclufions, the Spanish party, vtherof the Cardinal of Florence was chief,brought about Barber i- 110 to joyn with them for Pamfilio, as being alfo a creature of the deceafed Pope.He had bin Nuncio in Spain eight years, fo that it is conceiv’d he is much devoted to that Crown, as his Predecefior was to the French, who had bin Legat there neer upon twenty years, and was Godfather to the laft King, which made him to be Fitter deli\e, to be Flowerdeluc’d all over. This new Pope hath already pafs’d that number of years which the Prophet aflignes to man, for he goes upon feventy one, and is of a flrong promifing conftitution to live Com years longer. He hath but one Nephew, who is but eighteen, and fo not capable of bufinefs; he hathther- fore made choice of forn Cardinals more to be his Coadjutors, P ancirellio is his prime confident, and lodg’d in Saint Peters. ’Tis thought he will prefently fet all wheels a going to mediat an uni- verfal peace. They write of one good augury amongft the reft} that part of his Arms is a Dour,which hath bin ahvayes held for an emblem of peace-,but I believe it will prove one of the knottiefl, ,, and difficult’ft tasks that ever was attempted, as the cafe flands ’twixt the Houfe of Anuria and France, and the roughed and har- | deft knot I hold to be that of Portugal for it cannot yet enter into any mans imagination, how that may be accommodated, Though many Politicians have beaten their brains about it. God Almighty grant, that the appeafmg of our civil wars prove not fo intricate a work, and that we may at laft take warning bv the devaftations of other Countreys, before our own be part cure. _ They write from Paris, that Sir Kfnelm Digby is to be imployed xoRome from HerMajefty in quality of a high Aleffenger of Honour to congratulate the new Pope, not of an Ambaffador,&s the vulgar give out; for none can give that charadter to any, but a Sove- rain independent Prince; and all the World knows, that Her Majcftie is under Covert Baron, notwithftanding, that fom cry herup for £wn Regent of England, as her Sifter is of France. " S3 Th» 2 7« Familiar Letters. Vol. i The lord Attbeny hath an Abbacy of one thoufand five hundr< Piflols a year given him yearly there, and is fair for a Cardinal Hat. I continue flill under this heavy prefiure ofclofe reftraint,m do I fee any hopes (God help me) of getting forth till the wind fhift out of his unlucky hole : Howfoever, I am refolved, th if Innocence cannot free my body, yet Patience (ball preferve n_ mind Hill in its ft-eebom thoughts: Nor (ball this florin flackena whit that firm ligue of love,wherin I am eternally tied unto yo I will conclude with a Diftich, which I found amongfl thofee: cellent Poems of the late Pope. £hem valide ftrixitpraftantipollice virtue , tfefcins eft fohinodm Amicititc. ' Tour mftantfervitori To the L. Bijhop of London, late Lord Trefurev of England. Y OU are one of the miracle of thefe times, the greatefl miror Of moderation our age affords; and as heretofore when you carried the white Staff, with fuch clean incorrupted hands, yet the Crofter was flill your chief care: nor was it perceiv’d that that high all-obliging office did alter you a jot, or alienat you from yourfelf, but the fame candor, and countenance of meeknefsap peared flill in you,as whofoever had occafion to make their adres to your Gates, went away contented whether they fped in their bufines,ornot(agift your Predeccfior was faid to want.jSo fincc the tiirbulency of thefe times. ; thefame moderation fiaines in you* notwithflanding that the Miter is fo trampled upon, and that ther be fuch violent factions a foot, infomnch, that you live not only fecure from outrages, but honour’d by all parties. ’Tjs true one thing fell out to your advantage,that you did notfubferibe to that Petition which prov’d fo fatal to prelacy;but the cheifground of the conflant efteem the diflrafted world hath ftill of you is ybur wifdomand moderation,jiafs’d and prefent: This put me in mind of one of your Predecenor$(in your late 0jfa)Marq.P Sett. 6 . Familiar Letters. ayg who it feems &il’d by the fame compafs, for ther being divers bandings, and factions at Court in his time, yet was he bdov’d by all parties, and being ask’d how he flood fo right in the opi¬ nion of all, he anfwer’d, iiy king a willow, and not anOa\. I have many thanks to give your Lordfhip for the late vifits I had, and when this cloud is fcatter’d, that I may refpire free air, one of my firft journeys (hall be to kifs your Lordfhips hands: In the interim, I reft T our mofl devoted andready The Fleet, $. Sept. fervitor, J.H. 1644 - ___■ ' — • LV. To Sir E. S. Knight. SIR, ' TpHough I never had the lead umbrage of your love, or doubt- i ed of the reality thereof, yet fince I fell into this plunge,it hath been much confirm’d unto me. It is a true obfervation, that amongfl other effects of affliction, one is, to try a Friend; for thofe proofs that are made in the farmings, and daziing Sun- fliine ofprofperity, are not fo clear, as thofe which break out, and tranfpeer through the dark clouds of adverfity. You know the difference the Philofpphers make ’twixt the two extreme co¬ lours J/ae^and wfe,that the one is congngativm, the other dif- IKgxtivurn vifits: Black doth congregate, unite and fortifie the fight; the other doth difgregat, fcatter, and enfeeble it, when it fixeth upon any objeCt : So, through the Sable clouds of advers fortune,one may make a truer infpeaion into the bre'ft ofa frend. Befides this, affliction produceth another far more excellent ef¬ fect, it brings us to a better,and a more clear knowledge of our Creator: for as the rifing, and fetting Sun, appears bigger unto us, titan when he is in the Meridian (though the diflance be flill the fame) the caufe whereof is afertb’d to the interpofttion of inifis, which lye ’twixtoureiesand him, fo through the thick fog of adverfity (which in this point are as pellucid and diapha¬ nous, as any Chry flail) we com to fee God,and the immenftty of his love in a fuller proportion. Ther cannot be clearer eviden¬ ces of his care, then his corrections: when he makes the world to frown, then he frniles moft upon us, though it be through a befides, itisalwayes his method, to ftro^e them whom lie (Irises. We have an ordinary falute in ingiijh, God bltjfejoir, $4 and 2 oo Familiar Letters. Vol.\ i and though the verb be radically deriv’d from the Dutch word yet it would bear good fenfe, and be very pertinent to this pur pofe, if we would fetch it from the French word bleffer, which i to hurt 1 . This fpeculation raifeth my fpiritsto great height o comfort and patience that notwithifanding they have been; long time weigh’d down and (qualh’d, yet I fliall at laft ore com all thefe prefures, furvive my debts,and furmount myene mies, God pardon them and preferve you, and take it not ill, that ii this my conclufion, I place you io near my enemies: Whatfo ever Fortune light on me, come fair or foul Weather, I fhall be Ml ' YOUT CQfljlAtit fevvito^f J.H. Fleet, 5. Aug. 1644. LVI. To Tho.Ham, Efyuire. SIR, *T Her is no fitch treafure as a true fend, it is a treafure far a I. bove that of Saint Marlas in Venice ■, a treafure that is no liable to thofe cafualties, which others are liable unto, as t plundering and burglary, to bankrups and ill debtors, to firing and fhipwracks , for when one hath loft his fortunes by any of thefe difafters, he may recover them all in a true frend, who is .alwaiesafure and ftaple commodity: This is verified in you Who . have ftuck fo clofe unto me in thefe my preffures •, Like a Glow¬ worm (the old emblem of true friend (hip) you have fhin’d unto the in the dark : Nor could you do offices good to any that wifheth y.ou'better: for I ahvayes lov’d you for the freedom of your genius, for thefe choice parts and fancies I found in you, which I confefs,hath made me more covetous of your friendfhip. than I ufe to be of others And to deal clearly with you, one of my prime arrands to this Town (when this difafler feil upon me) was to fee you. God piic a fpeedy. period to thefe fad diflempcrsfout this Willi as I was writing it,did vanifh in the impoflibility of the thing,for 1 fear they are of a long continuance: So 1 pray God keep you, and comfort me,who am ‘ Four me frend to [eras'you, .fieFleet,May 511643. J.H. Familiar Letters 28 i LVIT. T 0 Phil. Warwick Efytire. sin, T He earth doth not always produce Rofes and Lillies,but fhe brings forth alfo Nettles and Thirties: Co the world affords as not always contentments and pleafures, but fometimes af¬ fliction and troubles ■,Vtilh tribulos, Jic ijti tribnktmis prodfi- cit : the Sea is not more fubjeCt to contrary blarts, nor the Sur¬ ges thereof to todirtgs and tumblings, as the aCtions of men are to cncombrances and crones, the ayr is not fuller of meteors, than mans life is of miferies but-as we find that it is hot a clear skie, but the clouds that drop fames, as the Holy text tells us, fo ad- verfity is far more fertil then pr'ofperity, it ufeth'to water arid mollifie the heart, whschisthe ctnte? of all our affeCtions,and makes it produce excellent fruit, wheras the glaring- Suri-rtilne of a continual profperity would enliarden and dry it up, and fo make it barren. Ther is not a greater evidence of Gods care and love to his crea¬ ture then affliction : for as French Author doth illurtrate it by afamilliar Example, If two Boys fhould be feento fight in the ilreets, and a ring of peeple about them, one of the (binders by- parting them, lets the onego untouch’d , but he falls a correct¬ ing the other, wherby the beholders will infer,that he is his child, or at lead; one whom hewifhethwell unto: Sotheftrokes ofad- verfity which fall upon us from heaven, fhew that God is our Fa¬ ther, as well as our Creator. This makes this bitter cup of a f Li tu¬ rn become Aectar, and the bread ofcarfulnesl now eat, to be true Ambrojia unto me. This makes me erteem-thefe Walls, wlierin I have been immur’d thefe thirty months, to be no other then a Colledge of inftruCfion unto me ■, and wheras Vino faid. That the great World was but the Houfe of a little man,I hold this fleet to be one of the beft lodgings in that Houfe. Ther is a peeple in Spurn cail’d Los Vattmcos who from three- fcore and odd years fince were difcover’d by the flight ofa Hawk of the Dukeof/l/ut’sj this peeple, then all Savage ( though they dwelt in the center of Spain, not far from Toledo, and are yet held to be a part of thofe Aborigines that Tubal Cain brought in ) being Imm'd in, and imprifoil'd, as it were, by a multitude of craggy huge mountains, thought tliac behind thofe Mountains ther was no more Earth: I have been fo' habituated to this pri- fon, and accuftomed to the walls therof Co long, that I might well 282 Familiar Letters. Vol i, be brought, to think, that there is no other world behind them. And in my extravagant imaginations, I often compare this Flat to Noah's A)\ furrounded with a vaft Sea, and huge deluge of calamities,which hathoverwhelmd this poor Ifland.Nor although I have been fo long aboard here, was I yet under Hatches, for I have a Cabin upon the upper Deck,whence I breath the beftayr the place affords;add hereunto,that the fociety of Mailer Hopfim the Warden is an advantage to me, who is one of the knowing and mod civil Gentlemen that I have convers’d withal. Moreo¬ ver, ther arc here fom choice Gentlemen who are my Co-Martyrs, for a Prifoner, and a Martyr are the fame thing, favc, that the ok is buried before his death,and the other after. God Almighty amend thefe times, that make Imprifoiwmt to be prcferr’d before liberty, it being more fafe, and defirable by fom, though not by Prom the Fleet, Km. 3, Four affettionate Servitor, 1643. J. H. LVI 1 I. To Sir Ed. Sa. Knight. six, W ERE ther aPhyfitianthat could cure the maladies of the mind, as well as thofe of the body, he needed not to wifh the Lord Maior,or the Pope for his Uncle,for he Ihould have Patients without number It is true, that there be fom didempers of the mind that proceed from thofe of the body,and fo arecure- able by Drugs ana Dyets; but ther are others that are quite ab- dra&ed from all corporeal impreflions, and are meerly mental; thefe kind of Agonies are the more violent of the two, for as the one ufe to drive us into Fevers, the other precipitat us often¬ times into Frenfies : And this is the ground I believe, which made the Philofopher think that the rational foul was infufs’d into man, partly for his punilhment, and the underflandingfor his execu¬ tioner, unlefs wifdom fit at the Helm, and deer the motions of his will. ' I thank God I have felt both (for I am not made of done or dee!) having had fince I was fhut in here a fhrewd lit of die new difeafe; andlfor the other, you mud needs think that thirty one tnoneths clofe redraint,and the barbaroufnefs of the times, mull difeompofe and torture the imagination, fomtimes with gripings Se&. 6. Familiar Letters. 283 of difcontent and anguifh,not as much for flay own fad condition, as for my poor Countrey and frends, who have a great fliare in my Nativity, and particularly for your felf, whofe gallant worth I highly honour •, and who have not been the leaftfufiferer. The Moralijl tells us that a quadrat folid wife man, fhould in¬ volve and tackle himfelf within his own vertue, and flight all ac¬ cidents that are incident to man, and be hill the fame Etiam ft. fnchis illabatur Orbis ■, ther may be fo much vertue and valor in you, but I profefs to have neither of them in that proportion. The Philofophers prefcribe us Rules, that they themfelves, nor any flclh and bloud can obferve-, I am no ftatue, but I muftrefent the calamities of the time, and the defperat cafe of this Natio n, who feem to have fain quite from the very faculty of reafon, and to be uolTefs’d with a pure Lycanthropy, with a Wolvilh kind of difpohtion to tear one another in this manner, infomuch,thatif ever the old faying was verified, Homo hornini lufr.sjx. is certainly now: I will conclude with diis Diflic, T hey err, who write, no Wolves in England range. Her Men are alt turn'd Wolves, 0 monstrous change No more, but that I wifh you Patience, which is a Flower that; grows not in ev’ry Garden, T our faithful Servitor, J. H. ft m the Fleet Decemb. i. i%. ' ! LIX. To my noble fretid Mr. E. P. SIR, I Have no other news ,to write to you hence,but that Leuantanfe los muladares,y abaxanfe los adames, The world is turn'd toyfey turvey. from the Fleet, yours, J.H. ' /a?. 2.1644. LX. 284 Familiar, Letters. Vol. j, LX. To Tho. Young, Efq\ SIR , I Receiv’d yours of the fifth of March,and' twas as welcom to me as flowers in May, which are now coming on apace. You feem .to marvel i do not marry all this while, confidering that I am part the Meridian of my age,andthatto your knowleclgther have been overtures made me of parties above my degree. Truly in this point,I will deal with you as one fhould do with his confelfor; had I been difpos’d to have married for wealth without affection,’ or for affeftion without wealth, I had been in bonds before now; • but I did never call my eyes upon any yet, that I-thought I was born for,\vher boththefe concurr’d.’fisthecuftom of fom (and ’tis a common cuflom) to chufe Wives by the weight, that is, by their wealth. Others fall in love with light wives, I do not mean Vrnnan lightnefs, but in reference to portion: The late Earl of Salishmi gives a caveat for this,- That beauty without a Dowry, (without that unguentm lndicum)is as a gilded (hell without atyr- nel therfore he warns his fon to be fure to have fomething with his ■Wife,andhisreafonis, Becaufe nothing can be bought in the Mark 'without money. Indeed ’tis very fitting that Bee or She fhould have wherwithto fupport both,according to their quality,at lealt to keep the Wolffrom the door, otherwife ’twer a meer madnes to marryybut he who hath enough of his own to maintain a Wife, fe marrieth only for mony, difeovereth a poor fordid difpofmon. Ther is nothing that my nature difdains more, than to be a flave to Silver or Gold, for though they both carry the Kings face,yet 'they fhall never reign over me: and I would I were free from all other infirmities as I am from tliis:I am none of thofe Mammonilts who adore white and redearth, and make their Princes pifture their Idol that way : fuch may be laid to be under a perpetual edipSjfor the earth Hands alwayes ’twixt them, and the fair face of Heaven. Yet my genius prompts me, that I was born under a Planet, not to dye in a Lazaretto. At my nativity mv afeen- ■darn was that hot contlellation of Cancer about the midlt of the Dog-daies, as my Ephtimrides tells me-, Mars was they predomi¬ nant: Of all the F.lementsjfi r fvvayesmoft in me; I have-many afpiring, and airy odd thoughts fwell often in me; I have many to the quality ofthe ground whereon I was born, which was the belly of a huge Hill fituated South-Eaft, fo that the houfelcame from (befides my Father and Mothers Coat) mull needs be llln- firitms, being more obvious to the Sun-beams than ordinary. I have upon oceafion of fudden diilemper, fomtimes a mad man, Seti. 6 , Familiar Letters. 28$ fomeimes a fool, fomtimes a melancholy odd fellow to deal withal, I mean my felf, for I have the humors within me that belongs to all three, therfore who would caft her felf away upon fuch a one ? Befides, I came tumbling out into the World a pure Cadet, a true Cofmpolite ; nor born to Land, Leafe, Houfeor Office; ’tis true, I have purchas’d fmce, a fmall fpot of Ground upon Varnaffus, which I hold in fee of the Mufes,and I have endeavored to man % ure it as well as I could, though I confefs it hath yeelded me little fruit hitherto: And what woman would be. fo mad,as to take that only for her Joynture?. But to come to the point of wiving, I would have you know,that I have,though never married, divers children alreadyyfom French, i'om Latin, one Italian, and many Tnglifh •, and though they be but poor brats of the brain,yet are they legitimat, zhdApoltohim- felf vouchfafed to co-operat in their production, I have expos’d them to the wide world, to try their fortunes; and fom ( out of complement ) would make me believe they are long liv’d,' But to com at laft to your kind of Wiving, \ acknowledge, that marriage is an honorable condition, nor dare I think otherwife without profanenes, for it is the Epithet the Holy Text gives it: Therfore it was a wildfpeech of the Philofopher to fay, That if our converfation could be without women,Angels would come down and, dwell anwng'l us And a wilder fpeech it was of the Cyz»c,when palling by aTree whera Maid had made Iter felf away, wifh’ 4 ; That all Trees might bear fuch fruit. But to pafs from thefe Motlv- eaten Philofophers, to a modern Phifidanof our own, it was a moft unmanly thing in him, while he difplaies his own Religion, to wifh that ther wer a way to propagat the world otherwife than by conjunction with, women, ( and Paracclfus undertakes to fhew him the way f wherby he feems to repine ) though I underhand he was Wiv’d a little after ) at the honourable degree of Mar¬ riage, which I hold to be the prime Link of humane fociety, the chiefcft happines of Mortals, and wherin heaven hath afpecial hand. But I wonder why you write to me of wiving, when you know I have much ado to man or maintain my felf,I as told you before yet notwithftanding that the better part of my daies are already tlireeded upon the firing of Time, I will notdefpair, but I may Have a Wife at lall, that may perhaps enable me to build Hofpt- tals; for although nine long luflresof years have long pafs’d ore my head, and fom winters more,( for all my life, considering the few Sun-lhines I have had, may be call’d nothing but winters, yet, I thank God for’t, I find no fymptom of decay, either in Body, fenfes, or inteleftuals. But writing thus extravagantly 2 86 Familiar Lettert. Vol. i. methinks I hear you fay, That this Letter fhews I begin to dote, and grow idle,therefore I willdifplay myfelfno further unto you at this time. To tell you the naked truth, my dear Tub 5 the higheft pitch ofmyaimis, that by fom condition or other, 1 may be enabled at laft (though I be put to fame, the time that others ule to reap) to a five valour hath exceeded all other Nati¬ ons uponearth.And’tisa thing of wonderment, how at her very firft growth fhe Hew over the heads of fo many inter) tcent vaft Regions into this remote Ifle fo foon, that her "rays fliould fhine upon the Crown ofaBritifh King firft of any,I mean King Lnd:/^ the true Proto -ebriftian King in the days of E/e«fbfr//fy, ac which time fhe receiv’d her propagation-. but for her plantation fhe had it long before by fom of the Apoftles themfclves. Now, as Chri¬ ftian Religion .hath the pureft and moft abftrafted, the har- deft and higheft fpiritual notions, fo it hath bin moftfubjeftro differences of opinions & diftraftions ofconfcibncc;the purer the wheat is ,the more fubjeft ’tis to tares,and the moft precious gems to flaws The firft bone that the Devil flung was into the Eaftern Churches,then ’twixt the Gm( and the Roman,but it was rather for jurifdiftion and power, then for the fundamentals of faith, and lately’twixt Rome and the North-weft Churches: Now the extent of the Undern Church is larger far than that of th c Roman, (excluding America) which makes fom accufe heras well of un- charitablenes as of arrogance, that fhe fhould pofitively damn fo many millions of Chriftian fouls who have the fame common fymbol of faith with her ,bccaufe they arc not within the clofe of her fold. Of thofe E idem and Soutb-eafl Churches,ther arc no kfs then eleven Softs,whereof the three principalleft are the Grecian, the Jacobite, and the Nejlorian, with whom the reft have lorn depen¬ dence or conformity,8c they acknowledg canonical obedience ei¬ ther to the Patriarch of Constantinople, of Alexandria^ jerufalem, or Antioch: They concur with the n esiern Reformed Churches, in divers pofitiens againft Rome, as in denial of Purgatory ; in rejecting extreme unftion, and celebrating the Sacrament under both kinds; in admitting their Clergy to marry ; in abhorring the ufe of maffte Statues, and celebrating their Liturgy in the vulgar language : among thele, the Ruffe, and the Habajfm Em¬ perors are the greateft, but the latter is a Jew alfo from the gir¬ dle downward, for he is both Circumcifed and cbriflned, having received the one from Solomon, and die other from the Apoftle Saint Toom.xs ; They obferve other rites of the Levitical Law; they have the Crofs in thatefteem, that they imprint the ftgn of it upon fom part of the childs body when he is baptized; that day they take the holy Sacrament they fpit not till after Sun-fee, and the Emperour in his progrefies as foon as he comes to the fight of a Church, lights off his Carftel, and foots it all along, till he lofcth the fight of it. Now 2^8 Familiar Letters. Vol.fj, Now touching that proportion of ground that the Chriftians have on die habitable earth,(which is the main of our task,11 find that all Europe with her adjacent Ifles is peepled with Chriftians, except that ruthful Countrey of upland where Idolaters yet in- habit;towards the East alfo that Religion which lietli ’twixt Ta.uk and B orifthenes the ancient Countrey of the Goths,k poffelTed by Mahumetan Tartars-Jontin thefe Territories which the Turk hath ’twixt the Danube and the Sea,and ’twixt Ragnfi,and Hilda, Chri¬ ftians are intermixt with Mahometans; yet in this cohabitation, Chriftians are computed to make two third parts afleaft, for here and clfewher,all the while they pay the Turk the quarter of their encreafe,and a Suit any for evry poll, and fpeak nothing in dero¬ gation of the Alchoran ,they are permitted to enjoy both, their Re¬ ligion and lives fecurcly. In Constantinople her felt' under the Gran Signiors nofe, they have twenty Churches,in Saloniche (or Tbejfalonica) 30. Ther are 1 50 Churches under the Metropolitan of Fhilippi ,as many under him of Athens, and he of Corinth hath about an hundred fuffragan Bifhops under him. But in Afric (a thing which cannot be too much lamented) that huge extent of Land which Chriftianity poffei'ed of old ’twixt the Mediterranean Sea,and the Mountain Atlas, yea,as far as .j£gypt, with the large Region of Nubin,the Turks have over- maflercd: We read of 200 Bifhops met in Synods in thofe parts, and in that Province where old Carthage flood,ther wer 164 Bi¬ fhops under one Metropolitan ; but Mahometifme hath now over- fpread all thereabout, only the King of Spain hath a few Maritim Towns under Chriflian fubjeftion, as Septa, Tonger, Oran and others. But through all the huge continent of Afric, which is eftimated to be thrice bigger rhan Europe, ther is not one Region entirely Chriflian, but HabaIJia or Ethiopia : befides, ther is in Egypt a confiderable number of them yet fojourning: Now Ha-' bafjia according to the itineraries of theobfervingft travellers in thofe parts, is thought to be in refpeftivc magnitude as big as Germany , Spain, France , and Italy conjunftly 5 an eflimate which comes nearer truth then that which fom make by firetching it from one tropic to the other,wX-from the Red Sea to the Weflern Ocean ; ther are alfo divers Ifles upon the Coafl of Afric that are coloniz’d with Chriftians, as the Madera, the Canaries, Cape Verd, and Saint Thomas's ; but on the Eaft-fide thcr’s none but Zocotora. In Ajia ther’s the Empire of Fuji a that’s purely Chriftian,and the Mountain L ibanits in Syria ; in other parts they are mingled with Mahometans, who exceed them one day more then another in numbers,fpecially in thofe Provinces(the more’s the pity)wher $Sr-p Familiar Letters. 299 the Gofpel was fir ft preached,as Anatolia,Amenia,'Syria, Mefopo- umia,Pah^ina, Chaldea, Affyria, Pft - j?p?,the King of Poland difpenceth with fom of them in £/f,M»«:Touching Grace, Man - don, Ebucia, Bulgarin, Serve a ,. Bofnia, Epire, the greateft part of Hungary and Dalmatia, although they be wholly under Turks obedience, yet Mahometans fcarce make the third part of the Inhabitants. In Afric this contagion is further fpread; It hath intoxicated all the ihore of Ethiopians far as Mojumbic, which ly- eth oppofite to the mid’ft of Madagafear. ’Tis worfe with firm Land of Afric on the North and Weft parts. For from the Me¬ diterranean Sea to the great River Niper, and along the banks of Nile,all EgyptznABarbary, with Lybia, and the Negro's Countrey, are tainted and tann’d with this black Religion. ’ The vaft' propagation of this unhappy Sett may be aferibed firft to the Sword,for the confcience commonly is apt to follow the Con- 1 qeterer, then to the loofe reins it gives to all fenfual liberty, as to \ have eight wives and as many concubines as one can maintain, with theafihrance of Venerean delights in a far higher degree to fucceed after death to the religious obfervers of it, as the fruiti¬ on of the beautiful damfels, with large routing eyes,whofe virgi¬ nity fhall renew after every att,their youth lhall laft always with their luft, and love fhall be fatiated with onelyone, where it ,lhall remain inalienable. They concur with the Chriftian but on¬ ly in the acknowledgment of one God, and in his attributes: With the Jew they fymbolize in many things more,asincircum- cifion, in refraining from fwines flefh, in deteftatiou of images, and fomewhat in the quality of future happincs,which as was laid before,they place in Venerean pleafure,as the Jew doth in feafting and banquetmgs, fo that neither of their laws have punifhment enough to deter mankind from wickednefs and vice,nor do they promife adtequat rewards for vertue and piety; for in the whole Alcoran, and through all tire writings of Mo/a ther’s not a word of Angelical joys and eternity: And here in Chriftianity far ex¬ cells both thefe Religions,for Ihe placeth future happinefs in fpi- ritual,everlafting and unconceivable blifs, abftraftcd from the fa¬ ding and faint groflenes of fenfe. The Jew and Turk alfo agree in' their opinion of women,whom they hold to be of an inferior creation to man,which makes die one to exclude them from the M ofcoes, and the other from his Synagogues. Thus far have I rambled through the vaft Ottaman Empire, & taken a curfory furvey of M dbomets Religion: In my next I fhall take the beft view I can of Pagans and Idolaters,with thofe who go for Atheifts ■, and in this particular, this earth may befaid to SeH.6. Familiar Letters. 303 be worfe then Hell itfelf, and the Kingdom of the Devil, in re¬ gard' there are no Atheids there, for the very damned fouls .find and feel in the middof their tortures that ther is a God by his juflice and punifhments nay, the Prince of darknefshim- felfand all thecacodsemons by an hidorical faith believe ther is a God, whereunto the Poet alludes very divinely : Nullus in Inferno eft Athens, ante fait. So I very affectionatly kifs your hand, and rdf, n'eftmin. 14, Anguft Tour faithful ready fervitor, id 35 . J- H. XL To Dottor B. S/R, TTAving in my three former letters waflted my hands of th.e n Mahometan and the jdw,aud attended Chriflianity up and down the earth ; I come now to theP agan idolater, or Heathen who (the more to be lamented) make the greateft part of man¬ kind: Europe her felf,though the beams of the crofs have filin’d upon her above thefe fixteen ages, is not free of them -, for they poffeffe to this day Lappia, Corelia, C iarinia Scriftnnia, and the north parts ofFinmarl^-, ther are alfo fomfhredsof them to be found in divers places of Lituania, and Somogitia which make a region nine hundred miles in compafie. But in Afric their number is incredible 5 for from Cape blanc the mod wederly Point of Afric all fouthward to the Cate of good. Hope, and thence turning by the back of Afric to the Cape of Mo- yambric,all thefe coafls being about the one half of the circumfe¬ rence of Afric is pcepledby Idolaters,though in fom placesinter- mixt with Mahometans and Chriflians, as in the Kingdom of Cong tend Angola e but if we furvey the inland territories of Afric be¬ tween the river of Nile, and the weft fea of Ethiopia ■, even all that Countrey from about the north parallel of ten degrees, to the fouth parallel of fix degrees,all is held by Idolaters •, befides, the Kingdom of Borland a great part of Nubia and Lybia, conti¬ nue dill in their old Paganifm; fo that by this account above one half of that immenfe continent of Aftic is peepled by Idolaters. But in AJia, which is far more fpatious and more populous then Afric, Pagans, Idolaters, and Gentiles, fwarm in great numbers: for from the Biver- Pechora Eadward to the Ocean, and thence go 4 Familiar letter. Vol. 2. ward to the Cape of Cheapen a, and from than point returning IVeftward by the South coafts to the out-lets of the River India, ' all that maritim traft which makes a good deal more then half the circumference of A/.t,is inhabited by idolateis ; fo are the in¬ land parts:Ther are two mighty mountains that traverfe all A fin, Tiaras and lmm ; the firft runs from the Weft to Eaft, the other from North to South, and fo quarter and cut that huge mufs of earth into equal parts; this fide thofe mountains moft of the pee- .ple arc Mahometans, but tother fide they are all Idolaters: And as on the firm continent P aganifm thus reigns, fo in many thou- fand 1 Hands that lye fquandred in the vaft Ocean, on the Eaft and South-eaft of Ajia ,Idolatry orefpreads all,except in Torn few Iilands that are poltefs’d by Spaniards and Arabs. Laft!y,ifonc takeafurvey of America (asnone hath done yet exactly jwhich is eftimatedto be as big as all the old earth ; Ido¬ laters tiier poftefie four parts of five: ’Tis true fom years after the firft Navigation thither,they were converted daily in great mul¬ titude:,but afterwards obferving the licentious lives of thechrifti- ans,their greedinefs for gold,and their cruelty, they came not in fotlift: which made an Indian anfwer a Spanifb Fryer who was difeourfing with him of the joys of heaven, and how all Spani¬ ards went thither after this life. Then faid the Pagan, I do not defire to go thither if Spaniards be there, I had rather go to Hell to be free of their Company: America differs from the reft of the earth in this,that fhe hath neither Jew nor Mahometan in her, but ebrifiians and Gentiles only: Ther are befides all thofe Religions and pceple before mentioned, an irregular confus’d nation in Europe caWd the Mordaits-,which occupy the middle confines be¬ twixt the TartarsmA the Ruffe, that are mingled in Rites of Re¬ ligion with all thofe that have been fore-fpoken; for from the privy members upward they are chripan, in regard they admit ofBaptifiu, from the navel downward they are Mahometans or Jew's, for they are circumcis’d •, and befides they are given to the adoration of heathenifh Idols: In A jia ther are the Cardi which inhabit the mountanous Countrey about Moga/,between Armenia and Mefopotamia, and the Dnci in Syria, who are demi Mahome¬ tans , and Christians. Now concerning Pagans and heathenidi Idolaters wherof ther are innumerable forts up and down the furface of the earth,in my opinion thofe are the cxcufableft kind who adore the fan & morn with the Hoft of Heaven & in Ireland,the Kerns of the mountains with fom of the Scotch Ifles, ufe a fafhion of adoring the new Moon to this very day, praying (he would leave them in as good health a s (he found them, this is not fo grofs an Idolatry as that Pol. 2. Familiar Letters. 305 of other Heathens •, (Tor the adoration of thofe glorious Celeftial* bodies is more excufable then that of Garlick and Onions with the Egyptian, who think with the Sicynian ) was the aticienteft Idolater upon earth, which he makes thrice older than we do •: for Diadems Siculus reports that the Egyptian had a Religion and Kings eighteen thoufand years fince: yet for matter of Philofo- phy and Science, he had it from the Chaldean, He from the Gym- utophijts and Bracbmans of India, which countrev, as fhe is the next neighbour to the rifing Sun, in reference to this fide of the Hcmifphear, fo the beams of learning did firft enlighten her: Jgypt was the Nurfe of that famons Hemes Trifmagilhts, who ha¬ ving no other fcale but that of natural reafon, mounted very high towards Heaven, for he hath very many Divine Payings, whereof I think it not impertinent to infert here a few, firft he faith, tb.it ill humane Jins are valid with tbs Gods, impiety mspt- d. 2. That goodnefs belongs to tbs Gods, piety to nun, revenge and 'xiejednejs to the devils, 3. That the/md is keens Dei filius, the 'night fin oj God, &c. From ;Thcrfore be wondrous wary of your firft com portments,get once a goodname& be very tender of it after¬ wards,for ’tis like Venice-glc. fs .'/uckly crack'd, r-'vrrta be mended, patch'd it may be -,To this purpofe take along with you this Fable: It happen’d that Fite .Water, and Fame, went to travel together fas you are going nowjthey confulted, that if they loff one ano¬ ther, how they might be retreev’d and met again; Fire (aid, wher you fee fmoak, ther you fhall find me; V/.tter laid wher you fee Marfh and Moorifh low ground, ther you fhall find me; but Fame laid. Take heed how you Iofe me, for if. you do, you will run agreathazzard never to meet me again,tiler’s no retreeving of me. It imports you alfo to conform your felf to your Comman¬ ders, and fo you may more confidently demand obedience,when you com to command your felf, as I doubt not but you may do m a fmall time: The Hoghen Mogben are very exaft in their po¬ lemical government, their pay is fare, though fmall, 4 s. a weeli being too little a hire, as one faid, to kill men. At your return I hope you will give a better account of your doings then he who being afk’d what exploits he had don in the Losv-Countreys,an- fwer’d, That he had cut off a Spaniards leggs,reply being made fhat that was no great matter, it, had bin fomthing if he had cut Jfol.2. Familiar Letters; 311 Joffhis head: 0 , faid he, you mull mfider hit head was off before : Jtxcufe me that I take my leave of you fo plcafantly v but I know 3 m will take any thing in good part from him who is fo much Your truly affefHonat Cofett ,J. H. ToCapt. B. Much endeared Sir, TpHer is a true faying,that the fpeftator oft-times fees more I than the gamefterj I find that you have a very hazardous game in hand, therefore give i- up, anddo.notvie a farthing upon’t.Thoughyou be already imbarqu’d,yetther’s time enough to ftrike fail,and make again to the Port, otherwife, ’tis no hard matter to be'a prophet what will becom of you; ther be fo ma-' ny ill-favoured qnickfands, and rocks in the way, ( as I have it from a good hand ) that one may eafily take a profpeft of your' (hipwrack if you go on :therforedefiftas you regard your own fafety,andthe’feafonable advice of your \Mmin. i. May. 163 ?• - I-H. XVI. To Mr. Thomas W. at his chamber hi the Temple. sir, YTOu have much ftrengthned that knot of love which hath 1 bin fo long tied betvveen us,by thofe choice manuferips you fent me lately, amongft which I find divers rare peeces, but that which afforded me mod entertainment in thofe mifcellanies,was Doftor Henry Kings Poems, vvherin I find not only heat and flrength, but alfo an exaftconcinnity and evennes of fancy: they area choice race of brothers.and it feems the fam Genius diffu- fethitfelf alfo among the fillers: It was my hap to be lately "her Miftrefs A. K. was, and having a paper of Yerfes in her hand I got it from her they wer an Epitaph and an Anagram of her own compofure and writing, which took me fo far,that the next morning before I was up,my rambling fancy fell,upon thefe Lines. 3»2 Familiar Letters. Vol.2 For the admitting of Mi ft refs Anne King , to be the tenth Mufe. Ladies of Helicon do not repine 1 adde one more unto your number nine, To makj it even, I nw>«g you bring No meaner than the daughter of a King . Fair Bill-Ana, TiicQypafe your voice, Bctirt-A I know A oollo will approve the choice, i Anna I Aodgladly her indall'tior I could name | King I Som of lefs merit Goddeffes became. F. C. foares higher and higher every day in purfuance of his Platonic love, but T. Man is out with his, you know whom, he is fallen to that averfnes to her, that he fwears he had rather fee a Bafill fit than her. This fhews, that the fweeteft wines may turn to the tarteft vinegar, no more till we meet, weTlmin^.Feb. ' Yours inviolably, i6v. J. H. XVII. 1 To the Lord C. iify Lord, T Her are two fayings which are father’d upon Secretary ml- fmgbam, and Secretary Cecil, a pair of the bell weighed Statefmen this Ifland hath bred, one was ufed to fay at the Coun- cell Table, My Lords, (lay a little and me 'hall make an end th fooner-, the other would oft-times fpake of himfelf, It (ball mvtt be faid ofme that I will'defer till to morrow what I can do to day : At firft view thefe fayings feem’d to clafh with one another, and to be diametrically oppofite,but being rightly underltood, they may be very well reconciled. Touchingthe firft, ’Tis true, that bf and choler are enemies to all great actions ; for as it is a principle in Chymiftry that Omnife(Unatio eft a Viabolo. all haft, comes from Hell, fo m the confutations, contrivings, and conduft of any bufinefs of State, all rafhnefs and precipitation comes from an ill fpirit: Ther cannot be a better pattern for a grave and confident way of deliberation than the ancient courfe of our High Court of Parliament, who when a law is to be made, which concerns the welfare of fo many thoufands of men, after a mature debate and long difeuflion of the point beforehand, caufe the bill to be read folemnly three times in the Houfe e’re it be tranfmitted to the \Vol 2. Familiar Letters. 31$ Lords, and ther alfo ’tis fo many times canvas ? d, and then prefen- | ted to the Prince: That which mud (land for law, mud be long flood upon, becaufe it impofeth an univcrfal obedience, and is like to be everlafling, according to the Ciceronian maxime, D eit¬ her andttm eft din quod ftatuendnm eft femel: fuch a kind of cunfrati- on, advifednefs, and procradination is allowable alfo in all Coun¬ cells of State and War •, for the day following may be able com¬ monly to be a rnafler to the day paced,fuch a world of contingen¬ cies human aftions are fubjeftunto: yet under favor, Ibeleeve. this fird faying to be meant of matters while they are in agitation and upon the anvil: but when they have receiv’d form and are refolv’d upon, I believe then nothing is fo advantagious as fpeed. And at this, I am of opinion, the fecond faying aims at: for when the weights that ufe to hang to all great bufmefles are taken away ’tis good then to put wings unto them, and to take the ball before the bound,for Expedition is the life ofaftion,otherwife time may fhew his bald occiput,mi fhake his polderiors at them in derifion. Among other Nations the Spaniard is obferv’d to have mucli phlegme., 'and to be mod dilatory in his proceedings; yet they who have pryed narrowly into the fequell and fuccefs of his acti¬ ons, do find that this gravity, refervednefs, and tergiverfations of his, have turn’d rather to his prejudice than advantage, take one time with another. The two lad matrimonial treaties we had with him continued long, the fird ’twixt Ferdinand and Henry the feventh for Catherine of Aragon feven years; That ’twixt King James and the now Philip the fourth for Mary of Aujlria laded eleven yearsfand feven and eleven’s eighteen-,Jthe fird took efifeft for Prince Arthur, the latter mifearried for Prince Charles , and the Spaniard may thank himfelf and his own How pace for it; for had he mended his pace to perfect the work, I bcleeve his Monarchy had not received fo many ill-favour’d fhocks fince. The late revolt of Portugal was forefeen, and might have been prevented, if the 'Spaniard had not been too flow in hispurpofe to have fentthe Duke of V,rag.vi\a out of the way upon fome employment asvvas projected. Now will I reconcile the former fayings of thofe two renowned Secretaries, with the gallant comparifon of Charles the Emperor, fand he was of a more temperate mould than a Spaniard , being a Fkmin born ) he was us’d to fay, that while any great bufinefsof State was yet in confultation, we fliould obferve the motion of Sa¬ turn which is plumbeous, long aud heavy 5 but when it is once ab- folutely refolved upon, then we fliould obferve the motion of Mer¬ cury the nimbledofall the planets, tibi definit Saturmis,ibiincipiat Afcrar/WjWhereunto I will adde,that we fhould imitate the Mul- 2 14 Familiar Letters. Vol. 2. , ") berry, who of all trees calls out her buds latefl ffuodum mm I f or j t not t j[[ a [j t i ie ^ weather be paf- 5fref/fy, as r (ed,a n d then Ihe is fure they cannot be nipped, .Pliny iaith. ) b U t then Ihe (hoots them all out in one night; fo though Ihe be one way the Howell, (he is another way the nim- blell of ali trees, Thus have I obeyed vour Lordlhips command in expounding the fenfe of thefe two layings, according to my mean aprehen- fion;but this expofition relates only to public affairs,and politi¬ cal negotiations,wherin your Lordlhip is fo excellently verfed, I ftiall molt willingly conform to any other injunctions of your Lordlhips, and elteem them alwaiesas favors, while J am Weflmin. 5. Sept. 1633. J. H. rm To Sir J. Brown, Knight, SIR, O Ne would think that the utter falling off of Catalonia and Portugal mlo Ihortacompafs of time Ihould much Men the Spaniard,the people of both thefe Kingdoms being from fubjeCts becom enemies again(lhim,and in aCtual holiilitynvith- out doubt it hath done fo, yet not fo much as the world imagins; ’Tistruein point of Regal power, and divers brave fubordinat commands for his fervants, he is a great deal Ieilened therby,but though he be left powerful, he is not a penny poorer therbv,for ther comcsnot a farthing lefs every year into his Exchequer, in regard that thofe countreys wer rather a charge than benefit un¬ to him, all their Revenue being drunk up in penfions, and pay¬ ments ofOfficers and Garifons;for if the King of Spain had loll all except the WeSl-Indies, and all Spain except CaSlile her felf, it would little diminilh his'treafury;touchingCrtf alonia and Portu¬ gal, fpeciall the latter,’tis true,they wer mighty members of the CaStiian Monarchy but I believe they will fooner want CaSile, than Cattile them,becaufc Ihe fill’d them with treafure;now that Barcelona : and Lisbon hath lhaken hands with Sevill, I do not think that either of them hath the tithe of that treafure they had before;in regard thetme was the fcale wherby the King of Spain fent his mony to Italy,the other,becaufe all her Eatf India com¬ modities wer barter’d commonly in Andalusia and elfwherfor Bullion-,Cataliona is fed with mony from Prance ,but for Portugal fhe hath little or none therfore I do not fee how Ihe could fup- porta war long to any purpofe if c affile wer quiet,unlefs fouldi- ers would be contented to tak elms if pepper-corns for patt aeons anti Vol 2. Famiiliar Letters. gi$- and V idols. You know Money is the finew and foul of War:This makes me think on that blunt anfwcr which Captain Lalbot return’d Hea.the 3 .from Calais,who having received fpecial com¬ mand from the King to ereCt a new Fort at the water gate,and to fee the Town well fortified, fent him word, that he could neither fortifie nor fiftife without money, Ther is no news at all flirring here'now, and I am of the Italians mind that faid, Nidlnnuovn, bim.i >>:nva, no news, good news. But it wer great news to fee you heer,whence you have bin an Alien fo long to. Holborn , 3. Jam, 1040. Tour matt ajfeflionate frend, J. H. XIX. To CaptainQ. Price. Cofen, Y Ou have put me upon fuch an old intricat peece of bufines,' that I think ther was never the like of it.Iam more puzled and entangled with it than oft-times I ufe to be with my Band- firings when I go haftily to bed,and want fuch a fait femall hand as you have to unty them. I rnufl impute all this to be the pee- vifh humor of the people I deal withall. I find it true now that one of the greateft tortures that can be in the negotiation of the world is,to have to do with perverfe irrational half-witted men, and to be worded to death by non-fence; befides,as much brain as they have, is as full of fcruples, as a Bur is of prickles, which is a quality incident to all thofe, that have their heads lightly ballafled, for they are like buys in a barr’d Port, weaving perpe¬ tually up and down,The Father is fcrupulous of the Son,the Son of the Sifters, and all three of me, to whofe award they referr’d the bufines three feveral times:! t is as hard a task to reconcile the Fanes of St. Sepulchers fleeple which never look all four upon one point of the heavens,as to reduce them to any conformity ofrea- fon ;I never remember to have met with father and children,or Children among thcmfelves of a more differing genius and con¬ trariety of humours, infomuch that ther cannot be a more preg¬ nant inftance to prove that human fouls com not extraduce, and by ferqinall production from the parents.For my part,I intend to ' fpend my breath no longer upon them, but to wafh my hands quite of the bufines, and fo I would with you to do,unlefs yon love to walk in a labyrinth of Bryers, fo expecting with impa- tience your return to London, I reft Wettmin. 27. Apr. Xour mB faithful Servitor , 1632. J.H. XX.To 31 6 Familiar Letters. Vol. 2, XX. To my Cojcn Mr. J. P. At Lincolns Inn. cofen, T He lad week you fent me word,that you vver fo cramp’d with bufinefs. that you could not put Pen to Paper; if you write not this week, I lhall fear you are not only cramp'd but cripled ; at lead I lhall think you are cramp'd in your affettion rather than J rour fingers, aud that you have forgot now once it was my good ortune to preferve you from drowning when the cramp took you in St. John's Pool at Oxford. The Cramp, as I take it, is a fitd.dm Convtilfton of the Nerves. For my part,the ligaments and finews of my love to you have bin fo flrong, that they wer never yet fub- jelt to fuch fpaCmatical fhr innings and Convulficns. Now, Let¬ ters are the very Nerves and Arteries of friendship; nay, they are the vital fpirits and Elixar of Love, which in cafe of diftance and long abfence would be in hazard to languish, and quite moulder away without them. Amongfl rite Italians and Spa¬ niards ’tisheld one of the greateft folecilines than can be in good manners, not to anfwer a Letter with like civility, by this they ufeto diflinguifh a Gentleman from a Clown bcfides, they hold it one of the mod vertuous ways to emplov time. I am the more covetous of a punflual correfpondence with you in this point, he- caufe I commonly gain by your Letters, your flile is fo polite, your exprelfions fo gallant, and your lines interfpers’d with fuch dainty flowers of Poetry and Philofophy. I undcrltand ther is a very able Doftor that reads the Anatomy Ledure this Term; if Ployden will difpenfe with you, you cannot Impend your hours bet¬ ter than to hear him. So I end for this time, being cramp’d for want of more matter, and reft ■ Weft. 3. July, Four rnoft affettionat loving 1631 Cofen, j. H. XXI. To my Nephew J. P. at St. Johns in Oxford. Nephew, I Had from you lately two Letters, the lad was well freighted with very good fluff, but the other, to deal plainly with you, was not fo ■, There was as much differenc between them, as ’twixc a Scots-Pedlars pack in Poland, and the Magazine of an English Merchant in Naples ; the one being ufually full of Taffa- ty, Silks, and Sattins; the other of Caflicoes, thred-ribbands, and fo!. 2. Familiar Letters. 317 andfuch Poldavy ware : I perceive you have good Commodities to vent, if you take the pains: your trifles and bagatels are ill bellow cd upon me, therefore hereafter I pray let me have of your beft fort of Wares: I am glad to find that you have ftor’d up fo much already •, you are in the beft Mart in the World to improve them 3 which I hope you daily do, and I doubt not when the time of your npprentilhip there is expir’d, but you will find a good Market to txpofe them for your own and the public benefit abroad. I have lent you the Philofophy Books you writ to me for 3 anything that you want of this kind for the advancement of your ftudies, do but write, and I fliall furnifh you : When I was a Student as you are, my praftice was to borrow, rather than buy fom fort of Books, and to be always punftual in reftoring them upon the day aftign’d, and in the interim to fwallow of them as much as made for my turn 3 this oblig’d me to read them thorow with more haft to keep my word, whereas! had not been fo care¬ ful to perufe them, had they been my own Books, which I knew wer always ready at my difpofe. I thank you heartily for your laft Letter, in regard I found it fmeltof the Lamp, I pray let your next do fo, and the oyl and labor (hall not be loft which you ex¬ pend upon Tour affined loving Uncle, n’eflrain, 1 . Aug. i* 33 - ___ J- H. XXII. To Sir Tho. Haw. SIR, I Thank you a thoufand times for the choice Stanza’s you pleas’d to fend me lately: I find that you were throughly heated,that you wer infpir’d with a true enthufiafme when you compos’d them; And whereas others ufe to flutter in the lower Region,your Mufe foars up to the upper, and tranfcending that too, takes her flight among the Celeftial bodies to finda fancy : your defircs, 1 (hould do fomthing upon the fame fubjeft,I have obey’d, though I fear not fatisfied, in the following numbers, j. Could 1 but catch thofe beamy Rayes, Which Phoebus at high noon difplayes, fde fit them on a Loom, and frame A S carf for Delia of the fame. 2. Could 1 that wondrous blact come near, Which Cynthia, v hen eclips'd, doth n ear, Of a new fajhion 1 would trace A masl^thmoffor Delia’s face. 3 Could gi8 Familliar Letters, V0U2. 3. Could I but reach that green and blue. Which Iris decks in various hue. From her moift Bow I'de drag them down, And make my Delia a Summer Gown. 4. Could I thole whitely Stars go nigh, Which make the mildly ways in skie. 1 de'poach them, and at Moon-Jhin drefi To make my Delia a curious mefi. 5. Thus would 1 diet, thus attire, My Delia Queen of hearts and fire, Sbejbould have every thing divine That would befit a Seraphin. And ’caufe ungirt unblefi'd we find. One of the Zones her wcft jhould bind. They are of the fame cadence as yours, and airable; So I am Your fervitor , Wefin>i».$-Sept. J. H. • 1632. __________ XXlil. To the R. H. the Lady Eliz. Digbye. Madam. I T is no improper comparifon, that a thankfull heart is like a box of precious ointment, which keeps the fmell long after the thingisfpent:Madam,(withoutvanitiebe it fpoken ) fuch is my heart to you, and fuch are your favors to me the hrong aro¬ matic odor they carried with them diffus’d it felf through all the veins of my heart, fpecially through the left V entricle, wher the moftlllitflrioiis bood lyes; fo that the pdfume of them remains ftill frefh within me,and is like to do,while that triangle of fle/h dilates and llmts it felf within my brejt: nor doth this perfume flay there,but as all fmells naturally rend upwards, it hath af- cendedtomybrainand fweetned all the cells therof, fpecially the Memory, which may be faid to be the Cabinet alfo to preferve courtefies; for though the heart be the box of to,the memory is the box of laftingnes 5 the one may be term’d the fource whence the motions of gratitude flow j the other the ciftern that keeps them. But your Ladyfhip will fay,thefe are words onely ■, I confefie it, ’tisbuta verbal acknowledgment : But Madam, If I were made Vol. 2. Familiar Utters. gig made happv with an opportunity, you fhould quickly find tliefe words turn’d to aftions, either to go, to run or ride upon your arrands-, In expedition of fucha favourrable occafion, I reft Madam, Tour Lad)(hips mofi humble and V’/eft, 5, Aug. encbainedfervitor,] H. To Sir J. B. Noble Sir, T Hat old opinion the jew and Turk have of women,that they are of an inferiour Creation to man, and therfore exclude them;the one from their Synagogues the other from their Mef- keds, is in my judgment not only partial, but profane: for the Image of the Creator fhines as clearly in the one as in the other, and I believe ther are as many female-Saints in heaven as male, unlelle you could make me adhere to the opinion that women muft be all mafealine before they be capable to be made Angels of. Add hereunto that ther went better, and more refined fluff to the Creation of woman than man: ’Tis true,’twas a weak part in Eve to yeeld to the feducement of Satan, but it tvvas a weaker thing in Adam to fuffer himfelf to be tempted by Eve being die The ancient Philofophers had a better opinion of that Sex,for they aferibed all Sciences to the Mufes, all fweetnes and mora¬ lity to the Graces, and Prophetic Infpirations to the Syhills. In my final! revolving of Authors, I find as high examples of veitue in Women as in Men;I could produce here a whole Regiment of them, but that a letter is too narrow a field to mufter them in ;I muft confefs,ther are alfo counter inftances of this kind: ifQu. Zenobia was fucli a precill pattern ofcontinency,that after the aft of conception, fhc would know her husband no more all the time of her pregnancy till (lie had been delivered-,ther is another example of a Roman Emprc-fs, that when fhe found the veudi fraughted, would take in all pafiengers, when the Barn was full any one might tlirefh in the haggard, but not till then, for fear the right Father fhould be difeovered by the countenance of the ' child.But what need I go fo far off to rake the allies of the dead? ther are living examples enough pro and cm of both Sc v cs, yet woman being( as I faidbefore)the weaktrvelk!,her faillingsare more venial then thofe of man, though man indeed being more coaverfant with the world, and meeting more opportunities a- broad( and opportunities the greateftBawd ) of falling-into in¬ firmities, as he follows his worldly negotiations, may on the t’o- 320 Familiar Letters, Vol 2. ther fide be judg’d the more excufable. But you are far fitter then I to difeourfe of this fubjeft, being better vers’d in the theory of women, having had a molt vertuous lady of your own before, and being now linked to another. I wifh a thoufand benedictions may fall upon this your fecond choice, and that —- turn bona ft quam bona prbna fait. This op. tion fhall be my conclufiou for the preftnt, ^hereunto I add that I am in no vulgar degree of affeftion mfi. $. hug. Tour mof humble and faithfull 1632. _^_ fervitor, J. H. XXV. ' To Mr. P. W. SIR, •“T -Here are two things which add much to the merit of courtc- 1 lies, viz. cheerfulnefs and feed, and the contraries of thefe leffen the value of themthat which hangs long’twixt the fingers, and is done with difficulty and a fullen fupercilious look, makes the obligation of the receivers nothing fo ftrong, or the memory of the kindnefs half fograteful: The bed thing the gods them- felves lik’d of in the entertainments they received of thefe poor Wretches Baucis and Vhilemon, was open hearty looks. - Super omnia -jultus, hccef'ere boni .—. A clear unclouded countenance makes a Cottage appear like a Caftle in point of hofpitality, but a beetle-brow’d fullen face makes a Palace as finoaky as an Irifit Hut. There is a mode in giving entertainment, and doing any courtefie els, which trebly' binds the receiver to an acknowledgment, and makes the re¬ membrance of it more acceptable. I have known two Lord high Trefurers of England of quite contrary humors, onefuccef- fively after the other; the one though he did the fuitersbufinefs, yet he went murmuring; the other though he.did it not, was us’d to difinifs the party with fome fatisfaftion. ’Tis true money is welcom though it be in a dirty clout, but ’tis far more acceptable if it come in a clean handkercher. Sir, you may fit in the chair, and read Lectures of Morality, to' all man-kind in this point, you have fuch a dexterous difereet way to handle fitters in that troublefome Office of yours, wherein as you have already purchafed much; I with you all increafe of honour and happinefs, Tour humble and obliged Servitor, T. H. XXVI. Ti Vol.2. Familiar Letters. 321 xxvr. To Mr. F. Coll, at Naples. SIR, T lsconfefs'J I have offended by my over longfilence, and a bus’d our maiden frendlhip : I appear before you now in this white fheet to do penance: pray in your next to fend mean fibjolution: Abfoiutions they fay are as cheap in that Town, as curtefans, wherof’twas faid therwer 2ocoo. on the common lift, when f was thcr, at which time I remember one told me a tale of a Calabrian who had bugger’d a Goat, and having bought anabfolutionofhis Cor.fefibr, he was ask’d by a frend whatic cofthim, heanfwered, I procured ?tforfourPiftolets,andfor the other odd one, I think i might haye had adifpenfationto have married thebpafl. I thank you for the exaft relation you fent me of the fearful Earthquakes and fires which happened lately in that Countrey, and particular’y about Vefuvhs: It feemsthe huge Giant whom the Poets fay, was hurl’d under the vaft mountain by the gods for thinking to fealc heaven; had a mind to turn from fide one to the other, which he ufethto do at the revolution of every hundred years, and flirring his body by that aftion, he was ta¬ ken with a fit of the cough, which made the hill fhake, and belch out fire in this hideous manner. But to repay you in the like ccin, they fend us ftranger news from Lisbon, for they write of a fpick and fpan new lOand, that hath peep’d up out nf the Al- /.i«fc Vol 2. Familial' Letten. 323 objeftic hath fomtimes its ebbs in me, but ’tis to rife up again with grearer force;Ar the writing hecrof twas floudfcwas (prlng- tide, which fwei’d fo high,that the thoughts of you overwhelm a all others within me, they ingrofs’d all my inteleftuals for the time. You write to me fearfull news,touching the revolt of the Catta¬ int from Caliilia , of the tragical! murrhering of the Viceroy, and the burning of hU.Houfe*, Thofe mountaneers are mad Lads. I fear thefparkiesof this fire will fly further,either to Portugal or to Sicilia and Italy, all which Countries,I obferv’d the Spaniard hold as one would do a Wolf by the ear, fearing they fhould run a- way ever and anon from him. The newcshercis, that Lambeth- Houfe bearesall the fway at White-Hall, and the Lord Deputy Kings it notably in Ireland * fom that love them bell, could wilh them a little more modera- I pray buySiwre^ works for me of the lafi: edition, PHt.VVUliam Purely, co whom 1 defire my mod hearty commends may be pre- lented, will fee it fafely fentby way ofBilboa ; your frends here are ail well, as is thanks be to God, Holborn,3- Mar.16^ Tour true frend to ferveyou,]M, ^ XXIX. To Sir Edward Sa. K night. Sir Edward, I Had a (brew’d difeafehung lately upon me, proceeding as the Phificians told me from this long rcclufed life, andclofe re- flraint, which had much wafied my fpirits and brought me low: when the Crifus was part, I began to grow doubtfnll, that I had but a fhort time to breath in this elementary world, my feaver rtill increafing, and’findingmy foul weary of this muddy manli- on, and me thought more weary of this prifon ol flelli, than this tlelh was of this prifon of the Fleet. Therfore after fom gentle (lumbers; and unufuall dreams about the dawnings of the day, I had a lucid interval!, and I fell a chinking how copuc my little houfe in order,and to make my !alt will.Heerupon my thoughts ran upon Grmmius fipbijlai hfl Tefhment, who having nothing eife to difpole of bur hisbody,hebequearhedall the partsrherof In Legacies, as his skin to the Tanners, his bones to tbe Diee- makers, his guts to the Muficians, his fingers to the Scriveners, his tongue to his feiiow-fopbillers; f which wer the Lawyers of thofe timesj md fo fortluas he thus dilefied his body,[ o I thougiit to divide my mind into legacies, having as you know little of 3 H Familiar Letters. Vol 2J.I the outward pelf and gifts of fortune to difpofe of, for never any was lefs beholden to that blind baggage. In the highefl degree of Thcoricall Contemplation,i made an intire facrifice of my foul to her maker , who by infilling created her,and by creating infnftj her to aftuate this fm.ill bulk of fiefh, with an unflirken con- fidenceof the redemption ofboth in my Saviour,and confcqucnr- ly of the falva tion of the one, and tke.rcfurieftion of the other: my thoughts then reflected upon diverso' my noble Inends, and I fell ro proportion unto them w'>ar Legacies 1 held mod proper, I thought to bequeath unro my Lord of Cherbcry,: nd Sir K Diglj that little Philofophvandknowiedg f have in the Mathematicki; My hifloricall obfervations and criticall refearrhes 1 made into antiquity, I thought to bequeath unto Dr. V(her Lord primate of lrelani,My obfervations abroad, and infpeflion into forrein S:ates, I thought to leave to my Lord G. D. :My Poetry fuel) as in's, to Miflrefs A. K. who I know is a great minion of the Mu- fes: Scool-Ianguages I thought to btquearli unto my dear Mo¬ ther the Univerfiry of Oxford'. My Spar.ifh to Sir Lewis Dives , and Mafler Endimion Porter for though they are great mailers of that language, yet it may Head them fomthing when they read ta fl¬ eam Juftina: Mv Italian to the worthy company of Titr^fyand Levantine Merchants, from divers of whom [have received many noble favours: My French to my moil honoured Lady, the Lady Cor , add it may help her fomthing to underftand Rablais : The little fiharreriog I have in the Dutch,Biitijh,and my Englifh, I did not efteem worth the bequeathing: My love I had bequeathed to be diffus’d among all my dear frends.fptcially thofe that have fluck untome in this my long affliction ; my belt natural affefii- ens, betwixt the Lord B. ot Br. my brother Howell, and my three dear fillers, to be transfert’d by them to my couiins their children. This little fackfull of bones, I thought to bequeath to Weftminjln Abbey, to be interred in the cloyfler within the fouthfide of the Garden, ciofe tothe-wali, Wher 1 would have ddiredSir H.f. (my dear Frend} to have infayed a fmall peece ofbiack Marble, and cauf’d rhis motto to have bin infculped upon it, Hucufqutfc- regri ni(s,haicdomi , or rhis,which I would have left to his choice, Hucufqtte Eraliens, heic fixus ; and in head of firewing my grave withy?,RW.f, I would have ddired him to have grafted theron fom little Tree of whac fort he pleas’d,that might have taken root downward to my duff, becaufe I have bin alwaies naturally af- fefted to woods and groves, and rhofe kind of vegetables, info- much that iftherwer any fuch thing as a Pytbagorea nMctemp'-ir chofis ;I think my foul would tranfmigrat into fomTrcCjWhenflie bids this body farewell. Yol• 2. . Famiiliar Letters. 525 Ey thefe extravagancies, and odd Chimera’s of my brain, you slay 'veil perceive that I was not well,but dittemper’d,fpecially in my inttlieiSuais, according to the Spanifh proverb fiempre iejvnrius con L caintura fevers haue alwaies their fits of dotage. Amongthofe to v.'hciu [hadbequeath’d my dcareft love, you wer one, to whom I had intended a large proportion, and tha'r j love which I would have left you then in legacy, I fend you now in this letter, for it hath pleafcd God to reprieve me for a longer ( I time to creep npon this earth,and to fee better daieslhope when this black difmall cloud is difpell’d-, hut com foul or fairweather 1 (bail be as formerly. Fleet , 25. Mir. Tour miji cmftant faithful t 1643, (ervitor, J. H. XXXI. To the Right Honourable the Lady. Wichts. Madam, S ince I was hurl’d amongft thefe wails,I had divers firs of me? _ lancholy, and fuch turbid intervalh that ufe to attend clofe prifoners, who for the mod part, have no other com panions, but confus’d troops of wandring cogitations; Now, Malencboiy it far more frttitfulof thoughts than any other bmmr, for It is like the mud of Nile, which,when that Enigmatical vaft River is got again [ to her former bed, engehdreth divers forts of new creatures,and fom kind of Montters* my brain in this Fleet hath been often thus overwhelm'd, yet I never found it fo muddy, nor the region of my mind fo much clowded,as it was lately after notice had of the fad tidings of Matter Cenrro/er’s death ; The news hereof ffruck fuch a damp into me, that for fom fpace me thought, the very pulfe of my blood, and the motions of my heart wer at a rtand ; for I was fuprizdd with fuch a contternation, that /felt no puifa- tionsin the one, or palpitations in the other,. Well Madam,he «as a brave folid wife man,ofa nob'e free d:fpofition,and fo great a nntrouler of his pa(fions,he was alwaies at home within himfeif, )et/much fear, that the fenfe of thefe unhapy times made too deep imprefbons in him. Truly, Madam, /lov'd and honour'd him in fuch a perfetton. that my heart lhall wear a broad black ribband for him while l live’ as long as / have a retentive faculty to remember any thing, his memory Hull befrefhwith me. Bur the truth is, that if the advantageous exchange which he hath n^ade wer well confidered, no frend of his fliouid be forry; for in lieu of a white (laffe in an earthly Court,he hath got a Scep¬ ter of mortality : Hethac had bin Ambaflador ac the Port to X 3 ' the '^26 Familliar Letters. Vol. 2. the greatefl Monarch upon earth, wher he redder! fomany year s an honor ro his King and Conntrey, is now arriv’d at a far more glorious Port than that of Conllaminopk ; though (as I intimated before.) I fear that this bofterous weather hath blown him thither before his time;God Almighty give your Ladifhip patience for fo great a loite,and comfort in your hopeful ifiuc;with this prayer I conclude my felf, Madam, From the Fleet, Your Ladifhips mo[lhumble and 15. April. formefulfervant, J. H. XXXII. To Mr. E, S. Cottncellour, at the Middle Temple. sir, I Had yours this morning, and I thank you for the news you fend me,that divers of my fellow-fufferers are enlarg’d out of Lambeth, Winchejler, London, £/y-houfe: wherunto 1 may anfwer you as the Cheap-fide Porter did one that related Court- news unto him, how fuch a one was made Lord Treafurer, ano¬ ther Cbancellour of the Exchequer,another was made an Earl, an¬ other fworn Privy Councellour raid he, yet l am but a Porter fiili :So I may fay, I am but a Prijoner ftill notwithftanding the releafement of fomany: Miftake menot, as it I repin’d hereby at any ones liberty; for I could heartily wifh that I vver the Unic Martyr in this kind, that I wer the figure of the one with never a cypher after it, as God wot ther are too many: I could wilh that as Jam the leaf! in value, I wer the laft in number. A day may com, that a favourable, wind may blow, that I may launch alfo out of this Fleet; In the mean rime,and alwayes after I am Fleet, i. Feb. 1645._ Trw. 1643. _^_ T- H. XLV~ To Mr. E, 0. C ounce lour , at Grays-lime. SIR, T He fad tidings of my dear frend Doftor Prichard death funk deep inrome,'and the more I ruminat upon’c, the more I refent it;But when Icontemplattheordcrand thofe Adamantine l,awc5 fol. 2. Familiar Letter to^ 337 Laws which nature put into fuch drift execution throughout this elementary world ; When I confider that up and down this frail globe of earth we a re but (hangers or fojourners at bed, be¬ ing defign’d for an infinitely better Countrey: when I think that dur egrefs out of this life, is aS natural to us as our ingrefs f all which he knew as much as any, J thefe thoughts in a checking way turn my melancholy to a counter-palfion.they beget another fpirit within me : Youknow,thatinthedifpofitionofaIIfublu- nary things. Nature is Gods Handmaid, Fate bis commifmer, Time bis Inftrument, and Death his Executioner : By the firft we have generation ; by the fecond, fucceftes good or bad: And the two lad bring us to our end; Time with his vaft lithe mowes down all things, and Death fweeps away thofe mowings: Well, he was a rare, and a complcat judicious Scholar as any that I have known born under our Meridian; he was both folid and acute; nor do I remember to have feen foundnes and quaintnes with fuch fweet drains of morality concur fo in any. I fhouid think that he fell fick of the times, but that I knew him to be fo good a Divine and Philofopher, and to have ftudied the Theory of rhis world fo much, that nothing could take imprelfion in him to hurt himfelf, cherfore 1 am content to believe, that his glafle tan out without any jogging: I know you lov’d him dearly well, which (hall make the the more Tout mflaffeftmat Fleet , g .Aug. Servitor, J. H. ' ‘ XL VI. to j, W. Efq j at Grayes-Inne.- Gentle Sir, I Value at a high rate the fair refpeftsyou fhew me, by the late ingenous expreflions of your Letter; but the tnerire you aferibe unto me in the fuperlative, might have very wellferv’din the pofitive, and’tls well if Ideferve in that degree. You write that you have Angular contentment and profit, inthe perufaloffom tilings of mine, I am heartily glad they afforded any entertain¬ ment to a Gent lemanoffo choice a judgment as your felf. I have a foolifh working brain of mine own, in labor dill with fotnthing, and I can hardly keep it from fuperfetations, though oft-times it produce a Moufein lieu of a Mountain : 1 muftcon- fefsits bed productions are but homely and hard-favour’d,yet in regard they appear hanlome in your eyes, I (hall like them the better: So I am, Sir, Tours m$ obliged to fern fleet. 3. Jan 16Ait, you, J. H. Y XLVII. to 538 Familliar Letters, Vol.i • XLVII. ToMr.Tho.H. T 'Hough the time abound with Schifmesmore than ever,(the ■more is our mifery ) yet, I hope, you will not fuller any to creep into our frendlhip, thoughl apprehend fom feares ther- of by your longfilence, and cefiation of literal correfpondence; you know ther is a peculiar Religion attend s frendlhip, ther is ac¬ cording to the Etymologie of the word, a ligation and folemne- tie, the refeinding wherof may be truly call’d a Schifme, or a pin- cle which is more: Ther belong to this Religion of frendlhip cer¬ tain due rice5,and decent cerimonics, as vifits, mefagesandmif- fives: Though I am content to beleeve that you are firm in the fundamcntalls, yet I find under favor, that you have lately fal¬ len (liort of performing thefe exterior offices,as if the ceremoni- a'l law were quite abrogated with you in all things: Frendlhip alfo allowes of merits,and works of fupererogation fometimes,to make her capable ofEternity: You know that pair which were taken up into heaven, and placed amongft the brighteft flars for their rare conffancy and fidelity one to the other: you know alfo they are put among thejm’d flars,not the err unices, to ’fhew ther mufl be no inconflaticy in love; Navigators fleer their cours by them, and they are their bed friends in working Seas, dark nights,and diflrcfTes of weather;whence may be inferr’d that true frends fhould firine cleared in verfity, in dowdy and doubtfull times. On my part this ancient frendfhip is (Till pure, Orthodox and incorrupted, and though I have riot the opportunity ( as you have) to perform all tire rites thereof in regard of this reclufe life, yet I fiiall never erre in the cflcntialls; I atn Hill yours x]il fa, though I cannot be for iaftatu quo mine I am grown ule- Iefs and good for notnrng, yet in point of poffefTion,l am astnuch as ever. fleet,].Kovemb. Your firm inalterable 1645. Servitor, J. H. To Mr. S, B. Merchant, at his ho life in the old Jury. SrR, I Returne you thofe two famous fpeechcs of the late Queen £!'■ abeth , with the addition ofanother from B.-.uftm it anEm- bafly heer from Holland: It is with languages as ’tis with iiq u . ori which Vol. 2. Familiar Letters. 33c? which by transfufion ufe to take wind fr otn one vefTell to another, fo things tranflated into another tongue Iofe of ther primitive vigor and drength,unlefsaparaphradicallverfion be permitted, . and then the traduft may exceed the Original!, nor otherwife, though the verfion be never fo punftuall, fpecially in thefe Ora¬ tions which are fram’divith fuch art,that like VUtuv'm his palace, ther is no place left to ad one done more without defacing, or to take any out without hazard of dedroying the whole fabric. - Certainly die was a Princefs of a rare endowment for learning and languages, die wasblefs’d with a longlife, and triumphant reign attended with variousforts of admirable fucceffes, which will be taken for fom Romance a thoufand winters hence, if the world lad fo long 5 die freed the Scot from. the French, and gave herfuccefibraroyallpenfionto maintain his Court; She help’d to fettle the Crown on Henry the greats head: die gave eflence to the State of Holland: Ike civiliz’d Ireland, and fuppres’d divers infurreftions there : die preferv’d the dominion of thenarrow- Seasin greater glory then ever: die maintain’d open Waragainft Sp.iin when Spa 'ii was in her liighcd flourifh for divers yeers to¬ gether, yet ihe left a mighty treafure behind, whichfliews that die was a notable good hnfwife. Yeti have read divers cenfures oftier abroad:that die was ingratefull to her brother of Spain,viho had been the chiefed indrument under God to preferve her from the Block, and had left her all Queen Maries jewels without di¬ minution, accufing her that afterwards (he fhould fird infringe the peace with him, by intercepting his treafurein the Narow- Seas, by .differing her Dml^eto fwimto kh Indies , and rob him there, by fomenting and fupporting his Belngique Snbjcfts againd him then when he had an Ambadador refident at her Court: but this was the cenfure of a Spunifi Author:and Spnin had little rea- fonto (peak well of her: The French handle her worfe,by term¬ ing her,among other contumelies,(#<»?nenee defes propres vajf inx. Sir, I mud much value the frequent refpe&s you havediewn me,and am very covetous of the improvement of this acquain¬ tance, for I do not remember at home or abroad to have feen in theperfon of any, a Gentleman and a Merchant fo equally met,as in you, which makes me liil'e my felf F/ect. 3. May, Tour meft affetthnatcfiend 1645. to feme you J. H. XLIX. To 340 Familiar Letters. Vol. 2. XLIX. To Dr. D. Featly. Slit, I Received your anfwerrothat fultllousPhamphler, with your defiie of my opinion touching ir. Truly, Sir, I tnuft cell you that never poor Cun wastofs’d in ablanqnet, as yon have tols’d that poor Coxcomb in the (beet you pleas’d to fend me :For wher- as a fillip might have fell’d him,you have knock’d him down with a kind of Herculean dub/bnj refource. Thefe times ^more’s the pity)labour with the famedifeafe that Fiance did during the Ligue, as a famous Author hath it, Prurigo foiptnriemium erat fcabies temporum : Theiching of fcriblers, was the fcab of the time;It is juft fo now, that any trioboJatrv pafqiller,every treflik- agafi, anyfterquiliniousrafcal, is licenc’d to throw dirt in the faces of Soveraign Princes in open printed language: But I hope the times will mend,and your man alfo if lie hath any grace, you have fo well corrected him.So I reft Fleet, 2, Aug Tours to ferve and reverence 1644. you, J. H. £ ' To Captain T. L. in Weftchefter. Captain L. I Could wifh that I had the fame advantage of fpeed to fend un¬ to you at this time,that they have in Alexandretta, now call’d Scanderoon, when upon the arival of any fliips into the Bay, or any other important occafion, theyufe to fend their Letters by P’geons, trained up purpofely for that ufe, to Alleppoand other places; fuch an airy Meflenger, fuch a Volatil Poftillton would I defirenowto acquaintyou with thefickncsof your Mother-in- law, who I believe will be in another world ( and I wifh it may be heaven Jbefore this paper comes to your hands ; for the Phyfici- ans have forfaken her, and Dolhr Burton told me ’tis a miracle if fhe lafts a nai ural day to an end, therfore you fnali do well to port up as foon as you can, to look to your own affairs, for F be¬ lieve you will be no more fick of the Mother ; Witter Davies ir. the mean time told me he will be very careful!, and circumfpeft, that you be not wrong’d. I receiv’d yours of the tenth current, and return a thoufand thanks for the warm and melting fvveet expreflions you make of your refpefts unto metAli that lean fay at prefenc in aufwer, Is, that I extremlypleafe my felfiD loving you, Vol. 2. Familiar Letters. 341 you, and I like iny own affections the betters becaufe they tell me that I am IVeflm. 10. Decern. Tour minty devoted 1631. _ fi end,], H. _ LI. To my Honorable frend Sir S. C. SIR, I Was upon point of going abroad to flea! a folitary walk, when yours of the twelth current came to hand, the high re- fearches,and choice abflraftcd Notions I found therein feem’d to heighten my fpirits, and make my fancy fitter for my intended retirement and mediration; add hereunto, that the countenance of the weather invited me ; for it was flill evening, it was alfo a clear open skie,not a fpeck,or the leafl wrinkle appear'd in the whole face of heaven, ’twas fuch a pure deep azur all the Hemi- fpliere over,that I wondred what wasbecom of the three Regions ofthe ayr with theit Meteors: So having got into a clofe field, I cart my face upward, and fell to confider what a rare preroga¬ tive the optic vertue of the eye hath, much more the inmhive vertu of the thought,that the one in a moment can reach heaven, and the other go beyond it: Therfore fure that Philofaphcr was but a kind of frantic fool, that would have pluck’d out both his eyes becaufe they wer a hinderance to his fpeculations. Moreover I began to contemplat as I was in this poilurc the vaft magnitude of the Univers, and what proportion this poor globe of earth might bear with it, for if thofe numberlesbodies which flick in the vaft roof of heaven, though they appear to us but as fpangles, be, fomofthem, thoufands of times bigger than the earth, take, the Sea with it to boor,for they both make but one Sphear.furely the Aftronomers had reafon to term this fphear an invifible point, and a thingofnodifmenfionatallbeingcompar’dtothe whole world; I fell then tothink thacat the fecond general de- ftru&ion,it is no more for God Almighty to fire this earth,than for us to blow up a fmall fquibb,or rather one fmall grain of G un- powder:as I was muling thus,I fpyed a fwarm of Gnats waving up and down the ayr about me; which I knew to be part of the Uni¬ vers as well as I; and me thought it was a flrange opinion of our Ariftotle to hold,that the leaf! of rhofe fmall infefted ephemerans fhould be more noble then the Sun, becaufe.it had a fenfitive foul in it: I fell to think that the fame proportion which thofe animalillios bore with me in poin tof bignes,the fame I held with Y 3 thofe . . 5 342. . Familiar Letters. VoL 2. thofe glorious fpirits which are near the Throne of the Almigh¬ ty: what then (liould we think of the magnitude of the Creator himfelf, doublefs'tis beyond the reach of any human liniagina- tion to conceive it; in my private devotions! prefume to com¬ pare him to a great mountain of Light, and my foul feems to dif- cern fom glorious form’therein,_but fuddenly as /lie would fix her eyes upon the objeft, her fight is prefently dazled anddifgrega- ted with the refulgency and corufcations thereof. Walking a little furtherlfpyed a young boifterous Bull brea¬ king over hedge and ditch to a herd of kine in the next pafture, which mad me think that if that fierce ftrong Animal,with others of that kind knew their own ftrength, they would never fuffer man to be their mafier: Then looking upon them quietly grafing up and down, I fell to confider that the fleih that is daily difh’d upon our Tables is but concofted grafs,which is rccaruifiedin our fiomacks, and rranfmuted to another flefh : I fell alfo to think what advantage thofe innocent Animals had of man,who,as foot! as naturccafi them into the world, find titer meat drefs’d, the cloth laid, and the Table Cover’d; they find thcr drink brew’d, and the buttery open,theirbcds made,and their deaths ready; and though man hath the faculty of reafon to make him a cent* penfation for the want of thofe advantages,yet this reafon brings with it a rhoufind perturbations of mind, and perplexities of fpi- rit, griping cares, and anguifhes of thought,, which thofe harm- les filly creatures were exempted from : Going on, I came to re- pofemy felf upon the trunk of a tree, and I fell toconfidertur- ther what advantage that dull vegetable had of thofe feeding A- tiimals, as not robe fo troublefomand beholding to nature,nor to be fubjpft to flarving, to difeafes, to the inclemency of the weather, and tobe far longer liv’d ; then I fpyeda greatftone, and fitting a while upon’t, I fell to weigh in my thoughts that that ftone was in a happier condition in fom refpefts, than either thofe/ra/?f/re creatures or vegetables I faw before; in regard that that ftone, which propagates by affimtlatitm, as the rhilofophers fay,needed neither grafs nor hay,or any aliment for reftaurarion of nature, nor water to refrefh its roots, or the hear of the Sun to attract the moiflure upwards to encreafe growth as the other didj AsIdircftedmypace homeward, I fpyed a Kite foaring high in the ayr, and gently gliding up and down the clear Region fo far above my head,I fell to envy the Bird extremely,& repine at his happines, thar he fhould have a privilege to make a nearer approach to heaven than L . Bxcufe me that I trouble you thus with ihefe rambling medira- i-jonsjtiicy are to correfpond with you in fern j arc for thofe accu¬ rate Vol. 2. Familiar Letters. 343 rat? fancies of you:s you lately fent me. So I reft Holbmrn, 17, Mar. tour ihtire and true 1639. Servitor J. H. UI. To Mafier Serjeant D. at Lincolns-Inne. sir, I Underftand with a deep fenfe of forrowof the indifpofitionof your Son; I fear he hath too much mind for his body, a'nd that fuperabounds with fancy, which brings him to thefe fits of difiemper, proceeding from the black humour of Malancholy.v moreover I have obferved that he is too much given to his ftudy and felf-fociety,fpecially to convers with dead men,Imean Books.* you know any thing in excefs is naught: Now, Sir, wer I wor¬ thy to give you advice, I could wifli he were well married,and it may wean him from that Bookiih and thoughtful humour,women wer created for the comfort of men, and I have known that to fom they have prov’d the beft Helleborum againft Maiancholy: As this courfe may beget new Spirits in him,fo it muft needs add alfo to your comfort. I am thus bold with you, becaufe I love the Gentleman dearly well, and honour you, as being. Weft. 13. June, Tour bumble obligedfervanty 1632. J. H. L'lTI, To my noble Lady, thehady M. A. Madam T Her is not any thing wherin I take more pleafure, than (8 theaccomplifhmentofyour commands, nor had ever any Queen more power o’re her Vaflalls, than you have o’re my intel¬ lectuals;! find by my inclinations, that it is as natural for me to do your will, as icisforfire to fly upward, oranybody elfeto tend to his center; but touching the laft command your Ladifhip was pleafed to lay upon me, which is the following Hymne} if I anfwer not the fulnefs of your expectation, it muft be Imputed to the fuddennes of the command, and.the fhottncs of time. 344 Familiar Letters. VoL 2, 1 AHymne to thebleJfedTrimty. To theFirftPerfon. To thee dreadSoveragin, and dear Lord, Which out of nought did(t me afford Ejfence and life, who mad'ftme man, And, oh', much more a Christ an, Lo , from the centre of my heart AUlaud and glory I impart. Hallelujah. To the Second. To thee bleffed Saviour who didfffree At) foul from Satan) tyrannic. And mad'ft her capable to be An Angel of thy Hierarchy, ' v From the fame centre Ido raife. All honour and Immortalpraife. Hallelujah. ' To the Third. To thee Sweet Spirit 1 return That love wherwith my heart doth hum. And thtfeblejs'd notions of my brain l now breath up to thee again : 0 let them redefeend, andJlill My foul with holyrapturei,fill. Hallelujah. They are of the fame meafure, cadence, and ayr, as was that Angelical Hymn your Ladyfhip pleafed to touch upon your In? ftrument; whichssit foinchanted methen, that my foul was ready to com cut at my ears, foyour roiitc took fuch imprelfions in me, that methinks the found (fill remains frefh with Wejlm. 1. Apr. Tour Ladifliipt mojl 163,7. devoted Servitor,]. H. LIV. To Matter P. W. at Weftminfter. sir, T HefearOf God is the beginning of wifdom , and the Zovc of God is the end of the Law, the former faying was fpoke by no meaner man than Solomon -, but the latter hath no meaner $uthor than our Saviour himfclf.; Touching this beginning and Vol 2. Famiiliar Letters , 345 this end, there is a near relation between them, fo near, that the one begets the other; a harfh Mother may bring forth fometimes a mild daughter, f 9 fear begets Love , but it begets knowledge firii, for— -Ignoti nulla cupido, weeannos love God,unlefs we know him before, both fear and love are neceffary to bring us to hea¬ ven, the one is the fruit of the Law, the other of the Gofpel ; when the clouds of fear arc vanifh’d, the beams of love then begin to glance upon the heart, and of all the members of the body, which are in a manner numberlefs this is that which God defires, becanfe ’tis the centre of Love, the fource of our affedions,and theciflern that holds the mofl illuftrious blood; and in a fweet, and well devoted harmonious foul, Cor is no other than Camera Omnipotent Regis, ’tis one of Gods Clofets,and indeed nothing can fill the heart of man whofe defires are infinite, but God who is infinity itfelf: Lovetherefore muflbe a neceffary attendant to bringustohim : Butbefids Love thermuft be two other guides that are requir’din this journey,which are Faith and Hope-, now that fear which the Law enjoyns us, turns to faith in the Gofpel , and knowledge is the fcope and fubjeft ofboth,yet thefe lafi two bring us onely toward the haven, but love goes aloDg with us to heaven, and fo remains an infeperable fempiternal companion of the foul : Love therfore is the mod acceptable Sacrifice which we can offer our Creator, and he who doth not fludy the Theory ofit here, is never like to com to the Practice of it hereafter; Ic was a high hyperphyficical expreffion of St. Aufiine when Tie fell into this rapture, That if he wer King of Heaven,and God Almighty Bifhop of Hippo, he would exchange places with him,becaufehe lov'd him Jo well. _ This Vote did t'o take me, that I have turn’d it. to a Paraphrafiical Hymn, which I fend you for your Viol, having obferved often thatyou have a harmonious foul within you. The Vote. 0 God, who can thofe pafftons tell Wherewith my heart to tbee dothfwel!: I cannot better them declare, Than by the wifi) made by that rare Aurilian Bifhop, who of old Thy Oracles in Hippo told. If I were Thou, and thou wert I, I would ref/gn the Deity Tkouflmld'flbe God 1 would be man, Is't pojftble that love more can ? 1 Ob par don,that my foul hath tane So high a fight, and grows pi ophane. For 34 6 Familiar Letters. Vol 2 . For my felf, my dear Phil. Eecaufe I love you To dearly well,I will difpiay my very intrinfccals to you in this poinr;when Iexa- snine the motions ofmy heart, I find that I love my Creator a thoufand degrees more then I fear him;me thinks I feel the little needle ofmy foul touch’d with a kind of magnerical attractive vertue, that ie alwales moves toward him, as being her fummum hmttn, the true center ofher happines : For matter of fear thet’s none that I fear more than my felf, I mean thofe frailties which lodge within me;and the extravagancies ofmy Affeftions and thoughts; in this particular I may fay,that I fear my felf more than 1 fear the Devil , or Death who is the King of fears. God guard us all, and guide us to our laft home through the briers of this cumbcrfom life, in this prayer I reft Holborn, 21. Mar. Tour moft afftteionat id39. Servitor, J H. LV. To the Right Honourable the Lord Cliff. M] Lord, S ince among other paffages of entertainment we had lately a* the Italian ordinary ( wher your Lordfhip was pleas’d to ho¬ nour us with your prefence ) rher happen’d a large difcourfeof wirier ,and of other drinks that wer us’d by feveral Nations of the earth, and that your Lordfhip defir’d me to deliver what I ob- ferv’d therin abroad, I am bold now to confirm and amph'fie in this Letter what I then let drop extempore from me, having made a recolleftion of my felf for that purpofe. It is without controverfie, that in the nonage of the world,men and beafts had but one buttery,which was the fountain and river, nor do we read of any vines or wines till two hundred years after the flood, but now I do not know orhearofany Nation that hath water only for ther drink,except the ]apomti,Si they drink it hot too; butwetnay ray,that what beverage foever wernake, either by brewing, by diftillation, deception, percolation or pref- fing,it is but w/tter at firft, nay wins it felf is but water fublim’d, being nothing elfe but that moyfture and fap which is caus’d ei¬ ther by rain or other kind of irrigations about the roots of the vine,and draw n up to the branches and berries by the virtual at¬ tractive heat of the Sun, the bowels of tbe earth fervingas a limbec to that end, which made the Italian Vineyard-man (after a long drought,and an extreme hot Summer, which had parch’d up'all his grapes,} to complain, that per mancamentod'acco bevo defaccquaje io bavefft acqua, bevireiel vino , for want of water, I ■ 1 am Vol. 2. Familiar Letters. 347 am forc’d to drink water; if l had water, I would drink wine ; it may be alfo applied to the Miller when he had no water to drive his Mills. The Vine doth fo abhor cold, that it cannot grow beyond the 40 degree to any purpofe : Therforc Godand nature harhfar- nilh’d the Norrhweft Nations wirh orher inventions of beverage. In this Ifland the old dritfk was Ale, noble Ale, than which, as I heard a great Forren Dofter affirm, ther is no liquor that more- cncreafeth the radical moifture , and Prcferves the natural heat, which are the two Pillars that fupport the life of man; but fincc Beer hath bopp'd in amongft wi,Ale is thought tobemuch adulte¬ rated, and nothing fo good as Sir John Old-Caflle , and Smugg the Smith was us’d to drink : Betides Ale and Beer, the natural drink of part of this Ifle may be fald to be Metbeglin, Braggot , and Mead, which differ in ftrength according to the three de¬ grees of companion. Thefirft of the three, which isftrongin the fuperlatif, if taken immoderately,doth ffupifie more then any other liquor, and keeps a bumming in the brain , which made one fay that he lov’d not Metbeglin,becme he was us’d to fpeak too much ol the houfe he came from , meaning the hive: Siderand Perry are alfo the natural drinksof parr of this Ifle: P.ut I have readin fom old Authors of a famous drink the ancient Nation of th e Pitts, who lived’twist Trent and Treecrf and were utterly ex tinguifhed by the over-powering of the Scot, wer ufed to make of decoftion of flowers, the receipt wherofthey kept as a fecret, & a thing facred to themfelves, foit perifli’d with them : The and Tatary they ufe Mead, which is the naturalleft drink of thq Countrey,being made of the decoftion of warer, and honey,this !s that which the Ancients call’d tfydromel; 'Mares milk is a great diink 34.8 Familiar Letters. Vol. 2, drink with the Tartar, which may be a caufe why they are bigger then ordinary, for the Phyficians hold, that milk enlarged] the bone', Eeerftrengtheneth the nerves, and wine bleeds blood fooner than any other liquor. The Tur\ when he hath his tripe fullofpelaw, orofMutonandRice, will goto natures cellar; either to the next Well or River to drink water, which is his na. tural common drink, for Mahomet taught them, thattherwasa devil in every berry of the grape,and fo made a drift inhibition to all his fed from drinking of wine as a thing prophancrhe had alfo a reach of policy therein, becaufe they fhould not be incum- bred with luggage when they went to war as other Nations do, who are fo troubled with the carriage of their wine and bevera¬ ges : yet hath the Tin-^peculiar drinks to himfelfbefides,as Sher¬ bet made of juyce of Lemon.Sugar,Amber and orher ingredients, hehathalfoadrinkca'l’dCrtt#?, which is made of a brown ber¬ ry, and it may be> call’d their clubbing drink be tween meals, which though it be not very gudfull to the palate, yet it Is very comfortable to the flomack, and good for the fight; but notwitli- rtanding their Prophets Anathema, thoufand's of them will ven¬ ture to drink wine, and they will make a precedent prayer to their fouls to deparc from their bodies in the interim, for fear (he pertakeofthe fame pollution : nay, the lad Turk died of excefs of wine, for he had at one time fwallow’d three and thirty okes, which is a meafure near upon the bignes of our quart, and that which brought him to this, was the company of a Ferfian Lord, that had given him his daughter for a Prefent, and came with him from Bagdat ; bef;des,cne accident that happened to him was,that he had an Eunuch who was ufed to be drunk.and whom he had commanded twice upon pain of life to refrain,fw earing by Mahomet that he would caule him to be firangled if he found him the third time fo'; yet the Eunuch dill continued in his drunkenne 5 ,hereupon theTwr^conceiving with himfelf that ther muff needs be fom extraordinary delight in drunkennes, becaufe this man preferr’d ic before his life,fell to it himfelf,and fo drunk himfelf to death. In Afia there is no beer drunk at all, but Water, Wine, and an incredible varietyoforherdrinksmadeofDates, driedRaifons, Rice, divers forts of Nuts, Fruits and Roots ; in the Oriental Countries;as Cambaia, Calicut, JVarfwgha, ther is a drink call’d Bantjtie, which is rare and precious, and ’tis the height of enter¬ tainment they give their guefisbr fore they go to deep, like that fteperabe which the Poets fpeak fo much of, for it provokes plea- fing dreams, and delightful! phanrafies; it will accommodateit feif to the humor of the deeper; as if he be a Sculdier, he will dream Vol. 2. Familiar Letterf. 349 dream of vi&orics and taking of Towns ; if he be in Fove, he will think to enjoy his Mifirefs: if he be covetous, he will dream of Mountains of gold, &c. In the Moluccas and Philippines, ther is a curious drink call’d Tampoy, made of a kind ofGilliflovvers, and another drink call’d On aqua, that comes from a Nut, and is the more general drink. In China they have a holy kind of liquor made offuchfort of flotversfor ratifying and binding ofbargains, and having drunk thereof, they hold it no lefs than per jury to break what they promife, as they write of a River in Bithynia, whofe water hath a peculiar vertue to difeover a perjurer, lor if he drink therof,it vviil prt-fentJy boyl inhis Scomack.and put him to vifjblc tortures: this makes me think of the River Sytx among the Poets, which the gods wer ufed to fwear by,and it was the greateft oath for the performance of any thing. NubHapremifli Styx mihi teSlis erit. It put me in mind alfo of that which fom write of the River of Rhine for trying the legitimation ofa child heing thrown in, if he be a baftard he will fink, ifotherwife he will nor. In China they fpeak ofa tree called Maguait, which affords not only good drink being pierced, but all things elfe that belong to the fubftfience ofman ; they bore the trunk with an awger and ther iilueth out fweet potable liquor; ’twixt the rindc and the tree ther is a cotton or hempie kind of mofs which they wear for their cloathing: it bears huge nuts which have excellent food in them: it fhoots out hard prickles above a fathom long, and thofe arm them, with the bark they make tents, and the dotard trees ferve for firing, Africa alfo hath a great diverfity of drinks,as having more need of them being a hotter Countrey fartin Guiney of the lower Ethi¬ opia ther isa famous drink call’d Mingol , which iffuctb our ofa tree much like the Palm, being bored : But in the upper Ethe- opiaos the Habaffm Coancrey, they drink Mead decoded in a different manner, there is alfo much wine there; the common drink of Barbary after water is that which is made of Dares: But in Egypt in times palled ther was b er drunk call'd Zichiss in Latin, which was no other then a decoftion of Barely and water, they had alfo a famous compofitlon (and they ufe it to this day) called chifft ,made of divers cordials and proveca tive ingredients, which they throw into water to make it guftful, they ufe itaifo for fumigation; Eut now the general dt ink of Egypt is Nile wa¬ ter ; which of all water may be Paid to be the bdi'.’infomuch that Pindars tvords mieht be more appliabic ro «:!uc then to any o- ther A'ptrfay It doth not oniy ic. tiiize, &extremly fat¬ ten the IblUvnicn ic covers,bu[ it helps to impregnate barren wo> 35.o Familiar Letters. Vob, men for tlier is no place on earth where peeple Jncreafc and mul¬ tiply fader; vis ycllowifh and thick, hue if one cad a few Al- . motids into a potful ofit, it will becom as dear as rock water; jt isalfo in a degreecf lukc-warinncs as Mar tialsboy. Tills puer calicos tepidique torcumata Kill. In the new world they have a world of drinks, for there -is no root, flower j fruit or pulfebut is reducible to a potable liquor, as in the BrirWulfland the common drink among the Englijh, is Alobbi, made of Potato roots: In Mexico, and Peru which is the great continent of America , with other parts, it is prohibited to make Wines, under great penalties, for fear of darving of trade fo that all the Wines they have are fent from Spain. Now for the pure Wine-Countries. Greece with a'l her Iflands, Italy , Spain , France, one part of four of Germany, Hungary, with divers Countries ther abouts,all the I (land in the mediterranean and Atlantic lea, are Wine-Countries. The mod generous Wines of Spain, grow in the mid-land parts oftheContinenr, and Saint Martin bears the bell, which is near the Court-, Now as in Spain foinall other Wine-Countries on: cannot pafle a days journey but lie will find a differing race cf Wine tthofc kinds that our Merchants carry over are rhofeonly that grow upon the Sea-fide , as Malagas , Sheties, Tents, ami Aligants: ol this lad tiler’s little comes over right, therefore the Vinteners make Tenrfwhicli is a name for all Wines in Spain, e x- ceptwhitej to fupply the place of it: Tiler is a gentle kind of white Wine grows among the mountains of Galitia, but not cf body enough to bear the Sea, call’d Ribadavia ; Portugal affords no wines worth the rranfponing : they have an outdone we call Tef which they ate to throw into their Wines, which darifi- eth it, and makes it more lafiii.f Thtr’s alfo a d; ;i:k in Spain called Ahjha , which, they drink between meals in lit at weather, and Vis a Hydromcl made of ware and honey, much < them take of our Mead : In the Court ci Si tn tl r G or two that brew beer ; but for that aren :nt drink of Spain s vbidi Flity fpeaksof. compos'd cf flowers. the recci: there fin r ittcriy loft. InGm recltrar not 1 r the Tea fc rlo gvm I i s brought over in f i f ported to Engl I e length of the voyage makes rliu-.i fubjeft to Pricing ar.d fo Iofe colour, by reafon of their delic. cy. •Fi'mice participating of the dy me; of ail the Coin;, ;ss abort her, affords wines of qaalitic accordingly, as towards the Alpts and Italy fife hatna luictous ucn wine cauca prevtwac In me CountreJ yd , 2 C Familiar Letters. 351 Counrrey of Province towards the Pyreniei In Languedoc, tfierare wine? congufbble with thofe of Spain-, one of the prime fort of white wines is that of Beaume, and of Clarets that of Orleans, though it be interdified to wine the Kings Cellar with it, in re- fpcftof thecoriofivenes itcarries with it: As in France, foin all other w!ne*Countreys tiie white is called the/ew,:/e,and the Clar¬ et or red wine is called the male, becaufe comronly it hath more fulpher, body and heat in’t -.The Wines that our Merchants bring over upon the River of Gar end near Bourdeaux in Gafcogny, which is the grearefi. Mart for Wines in all France ; the Scot becaufe he hath always been an ufeful confederate to France againfl England, ha thfamong other privikdges(right of preemption of firft choice of wines in Bordeaux-, he is alfo permitted to carry his Ordnance to tire very Walls of the Town, tvheras the Englifb are forc’d to leave them at Blay a good way diftant down the River : Ther is a hard green Wine that grows about Rochel, a nd the Iflands ther- abouts,which the cunning Hollender fomtime ufed to fetch,and he hatha trick to put a bag of herbs, or fom other infufrons into it,. (as he doth brimftone in Rhenifl; ) to give it a whiter tinfture,& more fweetnes-,then they re-imbark it for £ng/W,wher it pafieth for good Rachrag, and this is called Rooming of wines : In Nor¬ mandy ther’s little or no wine at all grows, thetfore the common drink of thatConntrey is cyder, fpeciallyin low Normandy: Ther are alfo many beer-houfes in Farit and elfe where, but though their barley and water be better then ours, or that of Germany, and though they have Englifl) and Dutch brewers among them, yet they cannot make Beer in that pcrfe&ion. The prime Wines of Germany grow about the Rhine, fpecialiy in the Pfahs or lower Palatinat about Bachrag, which hath its Etymology from Bachiara, for in antient times ther was an Altar erefted there to the honour of Bacchm, in regard of the richnes of thenines. here and all France over, ’tis held a great part of incivility for maidens to drink wine until they are married, as ic is in Spain for them to wear high fhoocs, or to paint till then:The German mothers, to make their Tons fall into hatred of wine, do ufe when they arclittle to put fomOwles eggs into a cup of Rhe- nifli, and fomtimes a little living Eel, which twingiing in the wine while the child is drinking fofca res him, that many com to abhor and have an antipathy to wine all ther lives after. From Bachrag the firft flock of vines which grow now in the grand Canary rfland were brought, which with tire heat of the Sun and theSoyi, is grown now to that height of perfeftion, that the wine which they oflord are accounted the richcft, the moll firm, the beft bodied and laffingfl wine,& the moft defecated from all 352 Fatnilliar Letters, Vo!. 2. earthly grofieftes of any other whatfoever, it hath little or no ful- piier at all in’r, and leaves lefs dreggs behind, though one drink it to execs: French wines may be faid but to pickle meat in vile ftomacksbut this is the wine that digelis, and doth not only breed good blood, but ir nutrifiethalfo, being a glutinous fub- Jlantiall liquor ; of this wine, if of any other, may be verified that merry induft-mi. That good wine makes good blood, good bloud caufeth good humors, good humors canfe good thoughts, good thoughts bring forth good works, good works carry a man to heaven,ergo good winecarrieth a man ro lieavcnjf this be true furely moreEnglifh go to heaven this way than any other, fori think ther’s more Canary brought into England than to all the world hefides, I think alfother is hundred times more drunk under the name of Canary wine then ther isbrought in, for Sher¬ ries tod Malaga well mingled pafs for Canaries in moft Taverns, more ofren then Canary it felf.elt'e I do not fee how’cwer poflible for the Vintner tofavebyit -.ortolive by his calling, unlefs he were permitted fome times to bea Brewer. When Sacks and Ca¬ naries wer brought in firft among us,they wer uf’d to be drunk in Aquavita meafurcs, atid’evvas held fit only for thofe to drink who wer us’d to carry their leggs in their hands, their eyes upon their nofes, and an Almanck_in their bones : but now they go down every ones throat both young and old like milk. The Countries that are freed from execs of drinking, are Spain and Italy : If a woman can prove her Husband to have been thrice drunk, by the ancient laws of 5 /w'nfhe may plead for a divorce from him: Nor indeed can the Spaniardbeing hot brain’d bear much drink, yeti have heard that Gondamer was once too hard for the King of Dcswar^when he was heer in England ; Celt rhe Spain,'ll Sou!di?rs thar have bin in the Wars of Flanders will take rheir cups freely, and the Ttali’d him to be taken into a Iioufe and put to fleep : In the morning he lent for him and ask’d him what he would give for his horfe, S/r, faid the recovered Souldier, the Merchant that would have bought him yefteruight ej )iur Highncfs, went array betimes in the morning. The booneft companions for drinking are the Gree^r and Germans: but the Greek i’s the merrier of the twq, for he will fmg and dance and, kifs his next conipagnions: bnc the other will di ink as deep as he: if the Greek will drink as many Vol.l . Familiar Letters. 353 many glafTes as ther be letters in his Miftrefes name, the other will drink the number ofhis yeers, and though he be not apt to breakout into finging, being not of fo airy a conflitution, yet he will drink often mufically a health to every one of thefe 6 notes, Vt, Re. Mi.Fa.Sol, La-, which, with this reafon, are all compre¬ hended in this Exameter. Vt R clivet Mi ferum Faf um Solitofque La bores. The fcweft draughts he drinks are three, the firft to quench the third: pafs’d,the fecond to quench the prefent third,the third to prevent the future; I heard of a company of low Dutchmen that had drunk fo deep,that beginning to dagger, and their heads turning round, they thought verily they were at Sea,and-that the upper chamber wher they were, was a fliip,infomuchthat it be¬ ing foul windy weather, they fell to throw die dools, and other things out of the window, to lighten die vefiel for fear of differ¬ ing fhipwrack. . Thus have I fent your Lordfhip a dry difccrurfe upon a fluent fubjeft, yet I hope your Lordfhip will pleafe to take all in good part, becaufe it proceeds from Wetfmin. 7. Olhb. Tour moll humble and ready 1634. Servitor, J.H. — : ' To the Right Honourable the Earl R. My L)rd, Y Ourdelires have bin alwaies to me as commands, and your commands as binding as Afts of Parliament: Nor do I take pleafure to employ head or hand in any thing more than in the exaft performance of them: Therfore if in this crabbed difficult talk, you have bin pleas’d to impofeupon me about languages, I com fhort of your Lordfliip’s expectation,I hope my obedience will apologize for my difability : But vvheras your Lordfhip defires to know what were the original Mother Tongues of theCountrysof Europe, and how thefe modern fpeeches that are now in ufe were firft introduced, I may anfwer herunto, that it is almoft as eafie a thing to difcover the fcourfe of Nile, as to find out the original of fom languages, yet I will attempt it as well as I can,and I will take my firft rife in thefe Idands of great Brittain %nA Ireland •, for to be curious and Eagle-ey’d abroad, and to be blind and ignorant at home (as many of qur Travel¬ ers are now adaies) is a curiofity that carrieth with it more of affectation than anything elfe, Touching 354 Familiar Letters. Vol 2 . Touching the Ifle of Albion or great Brit any, fa Cambium ox C.ymraccan tongue commonly call'd Weljh (and jM/ranalfoisfo call’d hv the Dutch') is without controverfy the prime maternal tongue of this' Ifland, and connatural with it, nor could any of die four conqucfts that have been made of it by Rom m.Ssxon, Dane ox Norman ever extinguilh her, but ihe remains ftill pure and incorrupt; of which language ther is as exact and metho¬ dical a Grammer, with as regular precepts, rules, and infticuti- ons both for profe and venc compil’d by Doctor David Rice, as I have read in any tongue whatfoever: loin of the Authen- tiquift Annalilts report that the old Gaules (now the French) and the Brit tans undemood one another, for they came thence very frequently to be inftrufred here by the I irhtifb D'usdes, which were the Philofophers and Divines of thofe times, and this was long before the Latine tongue came a this fide the Alps,or books written, and ther is no meaner man than Ctfar himfelf records this. This is one of the fourteen vernacular and independant tongues of Europe, and fhe hath divers dialefts •, thefirft is the Cornifh,the fecondthe Armonicansox the inhabitants of Brit any in France, whither a Colony was fent over hence in the time of the Romans. Thcr was alfo another dialeftof the Britifh language among the .Pills, who kept in the North parts in Northumberland, Weft mo •- land, Cumberland, aud fom parts beyond Tweed, until the whole Nation of the .Scut poured upon them with fuch multitudes that they utterly extinguifh’d both them and their language. Ther are fom which have been curious in the comparifon of tongues, who believe that the hifh is but a dialed of the ancient Britifh 5 and thekarnedeft of that Nation in a privat difeourfe I happened to have with him, feem’d to incline to this opinion •, but this I can allure your Lordfhip of, that at my being m that Countrey I obferv’d by a private colleftion which I made, that a great mul¬ titude of their radical words are the fame with the Weljh, both for fenfe and found, the tone alfo of both the Nations is con- fonant; for when I firft walked up and down Dublin markets, me thought verily I was in Wales, when I liflned unto their fpeech; but f found that the I/i[h tone is a little more querulous and winning than the Britifh , which I conjeftured with my felf pro¬ ceeded from their often being fubjugated by the Englifh. But, my Lord,you would think it ftrange, that divers pure Weljh words Ihould be found in the new found World in the Weft-Indies, yet it is verified by fom Navigators, (as Or undo, (hark) A el (heaven Uuymg (a fox) Pengmin (a bird with a white head) withfundry others, w liich are pure Britifh 5 nay, I have read a Weljh Epitaph which Vol. 2. Familiar Letters. 355 which was found there upon one’ Maine a B< iti(h Prince, who fom veers before the Nor mun conqueft,not agreeing with his bro¬ ther "then Prince at South-l$Wer,went to try his fortunes at Sea, itnbarquing himfelf at Milford haven, and fo tarried on thofe coafis: Tins if well prov’d,might well entitle our crown to Ame¬ rica, if hr ft difeovery may claim a right to any Country. The Romans ,though they continued heer conflantl) K above 300 yecrs,yet could they not do as they did in Franc?,Spain ,and other Provinces, plant their language as a mark of Conqueft, but the Saxons did, coming in far greater numbers under Hengift from Holftein land in the lower circuit of Saxony, which peeple re¬ ferable the Englifli more than any other men upon earth, fo that ’tis more than probable that they came firft from thence; befides, ther is a town ther call’d Lunden, and another place named Angles, whence it may be prefum'd that they took their new de¬ nomination heer; Now the Englifb ,though as Saxons (by which name the Welfli and Irijh call them to this day) they and their language is ancient, yet in reference to this Ifland they are the modernft Nation in Europe, both for habitation,fpeech and deno¬ mination; which makes me fmile at Mr. Fox his error in the very front of his Epiftle before the Book of Martyrs, wher he calls Conftantine the firft Chriftian Emperour, the Son of He lien an Engliflj woman, wheras ("he was purely Hritifh, and that ther was no fuch Nation upon earth called Englifb at that time, nor above 100 yeers after,till Hengifl invaded this Ifland,and fetling himfelf in it,the Saxons who came with him, took the appellation of Erglifhmen. Now the Englijb fpeech, though it be rich, copious, and fignificai!t,and that ther be divers Dictionaries of it,yet under favour,I cannot all it a regular language, in regard though often attempted by fom choice wits, ther could never any grammar or exaft 5)7it axh be made of it; yet hath fhe divers fubdialefts, as the Weftern and Northern Engliflj, but her ehiefeft is the Scotic, which took footing beyond Tweed about the laft conqueft; but the ancient language oiScotlandis Irifb, which the mountaineers and clivers of the plain,retain to this day. Thus, my Lord, accor¬ ding to my finall modell of obfervation, have I endeavoured to fatisfie you’in part, I fliall in my next go on, for in the purfuance of any command from your Lordfhip my mind is like a ftone thrown into a deep water, which never refts tili iigoes to the bottom: fo for this time and ahvaies, I reft, My Lord, Weft. p. Aug. Tour meft humble and 1530. ready Senitor J.H. I 2 LVII, To 356 Familiar Letters. V0I.2. LV1I. To the Right Honorable the Earl R. My Lord , I N my lad I fulfill’d your Lordfhips commands,as far as my rea¬ ding and knowledge could extend,to inform you what wer the radical primitive languages of thofe Dominions that belong to the Crown of great Hr train, and how the Englifh,which is now predominant, entred in firft; I will now hoife fail for the Nether¬ lands, whofe language is the fame dialeft with the Englifh, and was fofrom the beginning, being both of them derived from the high Dutch :The Uantfh alfo is but a branch of the fame tree, no more is the Swediflijk. the fpeech of them of Norway and-Ifeland: Now, the high Dutch or Teutonic tongue is one of the prime and mod fpacious maternal languages of Europe ; for befides the vad extent of Germany it felf with the Country's and Kingdoms before mentioned,wherof Eng Wand Scotland are two, it was the language of the Goths and Vandals, and continueth yet of the greateft part of Poland and Hungary, who have a dialed of hers for their vulgar tongue •, yet though fo many dialefts and fub- dialefts be deriv’d from her, fhe remains a drong dnewy lan¬ guage, pure and incorrupt in her fird centre towards the heart of Germany: Som of her Writers would make the world beleeve that fhe was the language fpoken in Paradife, for they produce many words and proper names in the five books of Mofes, which fetch their Etomology from her, as alfo in Perfia to this day divers radical words are the fame with her, as Fader, Moeder, Brader, St a r : And a Germain Gentleman, fpeaking herof one day to an Italian, that fhe was the language of Paradife, fure faid the Italians (alluding to her rouglmes) then it was the tongue that God Almighty Chid Adam in : It may be fo, replied the Ger- ! man, but the devil had tempted Eve in Italian before: A full- J mouth’d language fhe is, and pronounc’d with that drength as if one had bones in his tongue indeed of nerfs. Thofe Countrys that border upon Germ any, as Bohemia,Silefia, Poland, and thole vad Countrys North Eafhvard, as Ruffta and Mufmiajfyetk the Slavonic language: And it is incredible what I have heard fom Travellers report of the vad extent of that lan¬ guage,for badde Slavonia it felf, which properly is Dalmatia and Libumia, it is the vulgar fpeech of the Macedonians, Epirpts, Bof- nians,Servians,Bulgarians,Moldavians,Roefcians,and Pedal inns’, nay itfpreads her felf over all the Eadern parts ofEuropeQHungn- ty and Wal, chi a exceptedjts far as Conftantinople, & is frequently fpoken in the Seraglio among the Janizaries ; nor doth fhe reft Vob 2. Familiar Letters. 357 there, but eroding the Hellefpmt divers Nations in Afia liave her for their popular tongue, as the Circafftans, Mongrelians and Ga- 7//r/'ffj:Southward neither in Europe or Afia doth (he extend her felf further to the North parallel of forty degrees: But thofe Na¬ tions which celebrate divine Service after the Greek Ceremony, and profefs obedience to the Patriarch of Conftantinople,_ as the Rufs,the Mulcovit ,the Moldavian-, Rufcian,Bofnian, Servian, and Bulgarian, with divers other Eaflern, and Norch-Eaft peeple that fpeak Slavonic,have her in a different character from the Dalma¬ tian,Croatian, Ifttian, Prhnian, Bohemi an,Silofian,awd other Na¬ tions towards the Weft: thefe laft have the Illyrian charaft’er,and the invention of it is attributed to St. Jerom, the other is of Cyrillt deviling, and is call’d the Servian charafter: Now, although ther be above 60 feveral Nations that have this vaft extended language for their vulgar fpeech, yet the pure primitive Slavonic dialed: is fpoken only in Dalmatia, Croatia , Lilmrnia, and the Countrys adjacent, wher the ancient Slavonians yet dwell, and they muft needs be very ancient,for ther is in a Church in Prague an older Charter yet extant given.them by Alexander the Great, which I thought not amifs to infert heer.lEeAlexander the Great, Son of King Philip ,founder of the Grecian Empire, Conqueror of the Perftans,Medcs.&c,andof the.wholc world from Eaftto Weft, from North to South, Son of great Jupiter by,&c. fa call'd', Toyouthe- nobleftocl^of Slavonians,and to your language,becaufeyou have been unto us a help,true infaith,and valia.it in war , we confirm all that trail of earth from the North to the South of Italy -from us and our SuccefforSftoyou and your posterity for ever: And if any other Nation be found there.let them be your jlaves. Dated at Alexandria the 12. of the Goddefs Minerva, witnefs Ethra and the eleven Princes whom we appoint our Successors; With this rare and one of the ancienteft records inE«ropr,I will put a period to this fecondac- count I fend your Lordfhip touching Languages. My next (full be of Greece, Italy, France and Spam, andfo I fhall (hake hands with Europe, till when,I humbly kifs your hands, and reft, Weft .2. of Aug. My Lord, 1630. Tour moft obliged Servitor, J.H. " lvHl To the Tight Honourable the Earl K. My Lord, H Aving in my laft rambled through high and low Germany, Bohemy, Denmarfi,Poland,Rufiia,md.thofcva(l North-Eaft Regions, and given your Lordfhip a touch of their Languages, (for ’twas no Treatile I intended at firft,but a curfory (horthte- 1 $ ral 358 Familiar Letters. VoL 2. all account) I will now pafs to Greece, and fpeak fomething of that large, and learned language, for ’tis (he indeed upon whom the beams of all fcientificall knowledge did firft fhine in Europe, which fhe afterward diffus’d through all the Wedern world. The Greek tongue was firft peculiar to Hella * alone, but in traft of time the Kingdom of Macednn,mi Epire had her,then (lie arrived on the Ides of the Egean Sea, which are interjacent and divide Afia and Europe that way: then (lie got into the fifty three Iflesofthe Cyclades that lye ’twixt Negrepont and Candy, and fo got up to the Helkfpatt to Conftantinople: She then eroded over to Anatolia,w\\tt though Hie prevail’d by introducing multitudes of Colonies, yet (lie came not to be the foie vulgar lpeech any where there as far as to extinguidi the former languages. Now Anatolia is the mod populous part of the whole earth,for Strabo fpeaks offixtecn fcveral Nations that flept in her bofom, and ’tis thought the 22 languages which Mithridates the great Polyglot King oiPonttts did fpeak, were all within the circumference of Anatolia, in regard his dominions extended but a little further: She glided then along the Maritime coalfs of Thrace, and palling Byzantium, got into the out-lets of Danube,mi beyond her alfo to laurica, yea, beyond that to the River Phafis, and thence com- pafling to Trebi^ond (he took footing on all the circumference of the Euxine Sea: This was her courfe from Eaff to North,whence we will return to Candy, Cyprus and Sycily, thence eroding the Phare of tVejfma, (lie got all along the Maritime coafts of the Tmbene Sea to Calabria: (lie reded her felf alfo a great while in Apuleia-, Ther was a populous Colony of Greeks alfo in Mat- feilles in France, and along the Sea Coafis of Savoy : In Ajric likewife Cyrene, Alexandria, and Egypt, with divers other, were peepled with Greeks: and three caufes may be alleged why the Greek tongue did fo expand her felf; Firft, it may be imputed to the Conqueds of Alexander the Great, and the Captains he left behind him for Succeffors: Then the love the peeple had to the Sciences, fpeculative learning and civility,wherof the Greeks accounted themfelves to be the grand Maders, accounting all other Nations Barbarians befides themfelves: Thirdly, the na¬ tural inclination and dexterity the Greeks had to commerce, wherunto they employed themfelves more than any other Na¬ tion, except the Phoenician andArmenian, which may be a reafon why in all places mod commonly they colonized the Maritime parts, for I do not find they did penetrate far into the bowels of any Countrey, but lick’d on the Sea fide in obvious mercantile places, and accedible Ports. Vol 2. Familiar Letters. 359 Now many ages ft nee, the Greek tongue is not only impaired, and pitifully degenerated in her purity and eloquence, but ex¬ tremely decayed in her amplitude and vulgarnefs; For firft,thcr is no trace at all left her in Frame or Italy, the Slavonic tongue hath abolidied her in Epire and Maceitn, the Turkifh hath out- ed her from moft parts of Anatolia,ciivi the Arabian hath extin- guilhed her in Syria, Palestine, Ezypt, and fundry other places. Now touching her degeneration from her primitive fuavityand elegance, it is not altogether fo much as the deviation and de- clcnfion of the Italian from the Latine, yet it is fo far that I could fet foot on no place, nor hear of any people, wher either the Atticl^ Doric, Etlh or Bucdic, ancient Greek is vulgarly fpc- ketv, only infom places near Her,tclea in Anatolia and Pehptr nf/«:(now called the M\rea) they fpeak of fom Towns called the Laconcs which retain yet and vulgarly fpeak the old Greek, but incongruoufly, yet though they cannot themfelves fpeak accor¬ ding to rules, they underhand thofc that do ; Nor is this cor¬ ruption happened to the Greek language, as itufeth to happen toothers, either by the Law of the Conqueror, or inundation of Grangers, but it is infenfibly crept in by their own lupine negli¬ gence, and fantafticknes, fpecially by "that common fatality and changes which attend time and all other fublunary things: nor is this ancient Scientifical Language decayed only,but the Nation of the Greeks it felf is as it wer mouldrcd away and brought in a manner to the fame condition, and to as contemptible a paiie as the Jew is: infomucli that ther cannot be two more pregnant inftances of the .lubricity and inftablenes of mankind as the de¬ cay of thefe two ancient Nations; the one the feleft peeple of God, the other the mod famous that ever was for Arts, Amies, Civility and Government; fo that in Jiartt quo nunc they who term’d all the world Barbarians in comparifon of themfelves in former times, may be now term’d(more than any other)Surlwi- ans themfelves, as having quite loft not only all inclination and afpiringsto Knowledge and Yertue,but likewife all courage and bravery of mind to recover their ancient freedom and honour. Thus have you, my Lord, as much of the Greet Tongue as I could comprehend within the bounds of a letter, a Tongue that both for knowledge dor commerce,and for copioufnes,wis the prin- cipalleft that ever was; in my next I will return nearer home,and give your Lordfhip account of the Latine Tongue, and of her three daughters the French , Italian and Spanijb, in the interim you find that I amftill My Lord, Tour nnji obedient Wejl. 25. Jitl. 1630, Servitor, J. H, Z 4 LIX. to 360 Familiar Letter!. Vol. 2. LIX. To the Right Honourable the Earl R. My Lord, M Y lad: was a purfuit of my endeavours to comply with your Lordfhip’s defires touching Languages; And I fpent more Oyland Labour than ordinary in difplaying the C'ceh tongue, becaufe we are more beholden to her for all Philofophical and Theoric knowledge, as alfo for rules of commerce and commuta¬ tive juftice, than unto any other: I will now proceed to the La¬ the tongue, which hadherfource in July, in Latium call’d now Compagna di Roma, and receiv’d her growth with the monflrous encreafe of the City and Empire: Touching the one, fhe came from poor mud-walls at Mount Palatine which wer fcarce a mile about at firft, to be afterward fifty miles cornpas, (as fhe was in the reign of Aureli anusymA her Territories which wer hardly a dayes journey extant, cam by favorable fucceffes and fortune of War, to be above three thoufand in length, from the banks of Rhine, or rather from the (bores of this Ifland to Euphrates, and fomtimesto the River Tigris : with this vaft expanfion of Roman Territories the tongue alfo did fpread; yet I do not find by thofe re-fearches I have made into Antiquity, that (he was vulgarly fpoken by any Nation, or in any intire Country, but in Italy it felf: For notwithiianding, that it was the practice of the Roman with the Lance to ufher in his Laws and Languages as marks of Conqueft 5 yet I believe his tongue never tookfuch firm impref- fion anywhere, as to becom the vulgar epidemic fpeech of any peeple els: or that (lie was able to null and extinguilh the native languages fhe found in thofe places wher (he planted her Stan¬ dard: nor can ther be a more pregnant inftance herof than this Ifland, for notwithftanding that (he remain’d a Roman Province four hundred years together, yet the Lathe tongue could never have the vogue heer fo far as to abolifh the Britijh or Cambrian tongue. ’Tis true, that in France and Spain (he made deeper impref- fions,the reafon may be in regard ther were far more Roman Co¬ lonies planted ther; for wheras ther were but four in this Ifie, ther were nine and twenty in France, and fifty feven in Spain, and the greateft entertainment the Latine tongue found out of Italy her felf, was in thefe two Kingdoms , yet I am of opinion that the pure congruous Grammatical Lathe was never fpoken in either of them as a vulgar vernacular language, common amongft women andchildren; no nor in all Italy it felf except Latium ; In Af rit, though ther yvere fixty Roman Colonies dif- Vol. 2. Familiar Letters. 361 pers’d upon that Continent,yet the Latine tongue made not fuch deep impreffions ther, nor in Afta neither,nor is it to be thought that in thofe Colonies themfelves did the common foldiers fpeak in that congruity as die Flamins ,the Judges, the Magistrates and chief Commanders did : When the Romans fent Legions and planted Colonies abroad,’twas for divers political confiderations, partly to fecure their new acquefls, partly to abate the fuperflu- ous numbers and redundancy of Rome then by this way they found means to employ and reward men of worth, and to heighten their minds, for the Roman fpirit did rife up, and take growth with his good fucceffcs, conquefls, commands and em¬ ployments. But the reafon that the Latine tongue found not fuch enter¬ tainment in the Oriental parts, was,that the Gree^liadfor-ftall’d her, which was of more eftcem among them, becaufe of the lear¬ ning that was couch’d in her,and that fhe was more ufeful for ne¬ gotiation and trafic, wherunto the Greeks were more addicted than any peeple -, therfore though the Romans had an ambition to make thofe forren Nations that wer under their yoak tofreal^ as well as to do what pleafed them, and that all orders, edicts, letters, and the Laws themfelves civil as well as martial, were publifh’d and executed in Latine •, yet I believe this Latine was fpoken no otherwife among thofe Nations than the Spanifi or CalUllian tongue is now in the Netherlands , in Sicily , Sardi¬ nia , Naples, the two Indies, and other Provincial Countrys which are under that King: nor did the pure Latine tongue continue long at a Hand of perfection in Rome and Latium it felf among all forts of people, but fhe receiv’d changes and cor¬ ruption ; neither do I believe that fhe was born a perfect lan¬ guage at firft, but fhe receiv’d nutriment, and degrees of perfe¬ ction with time, which matures, refines and finifheth all things; The verfes of the Salii compos’d by Nam a Pompilius wer fcarce intelligible by the'Flamins and judges themfelves in the wane of the Roman Common-wealth, nor the Laws of the Decemviri : And if that Latine wherin wer couch’d the capitulations of peace ’twixt Rome and Carthage a little after the expulfion of the Kings, which are yet extant upon a pillar in Rome, were com¬ par’d to that which was fpoken in c&firs reign 140 yeers after, at. which time the Latine tongue was mounted to the Meridian of her perfection, fhe would be found as differing as Spanilh now differeth from the Latine: After C&[ar and Cicero’s time, the La¬ tine tongue continued in Rome and Italy in her purity four hundred yeers together,until the Gotht rufh’d into Italy firft un¬ der AJat'tcyhen the Nunns under Attiliayheu the Vandals under Gen- 362 Familiar Letters. Vol.i. Genfcrictts, and the Heruli under Odaacer who was proclaimed King of Italy, but the Goths a little after, under Theodoric thruft out the Heruli, which Theodor ic was by Zeno the Empcrour formally inverted King of Italy, who with his fucceffour reign’d ther peaceably fixty years and upwards ; fo that in all proba¬ bility the Goths cohabiting fo long among the Italians muft adul- terat their language as well as their women. The laft barbarous peeple that invaded Italy about the year 570 were the Lombards-, who having taken firm rooting in the very bowels of the Countrey above 200 yeers without interrup¬ tion,during the reign of twenty Kings, muft of neceflity alter and deprave the general fpeech of the natural inhabitants, and among others one argument may be, that the beft and midland part of Italy chang’d its name, and took its appellation from thefe laft Invaders,calling it felf Lombardy , which name it retains to this day: yet before the intrufions of thefe wandring and war¬ like peeple into Italy, ther may be a precedent caufe of fom cor¬ ruption that might creep into the Latine Tongue in point of vulgarity; firft, the incredible confluence of forreners that came daily far and near, from the coloniz’d Provinces to Rome, then the infinite number of flaves which furpalfed the number of free Citizens, might much impair the purity of the Latine tongue; and Iaftly,thofe inconftancies and humor of novelty,which is na¬ turally inherent in man, who according to thofe frail elementary principles and ingredients wherof he is compos’d, is fubjedt to mfenfible alterations, and apt to receive nnpreftions of any change. Thus,my Lord, as fuccinftly as I could digeft it into the nar¬ row bounds of an Epifile, have I fent your Lordlhip this fmall furvay of the Latine, or firft Roman tongue; In my next I fhall fell aboard of her three daughters, vk- the Italian, the Spanifti, and the French, with a diligent inveftigation what might be the original native languages of thofe Countries from the beginning, before the Latine gave them the Law; in the interim I crave a candid interpretation of what is palled, and of my ftudioufnefs in executing your Lordfhips Injunctions, fo I am My Lord, Weftmin.Jul.16.1630. Your moft humble andobedlent Servant,].E. lxT To the Right Honourable the E. R. My Lord, M Y Iaftwasadifcourfeofthe Latine or Primitive Roman tongue, which maybe faid to be expir’d in the Market > though Vol. 2. Familiar Letters. 363 though living yet in the Scbooles, I mean fhe may be faidto be defund: in point of vulgarity any time thefe 1000 years pafs’d. Out of herruine have fprung up the Italian,the Spanifhmd the French, wherof I am now to treat,but I think it not improper to make a refearch firft what the radical prime mother tongues of thefe Countries wer before the Roman Eagle plantedHer talons upon them. Concerning Italy, doubtlefs ther were divers before the Latine did fpread all over that Countrey, the Calabrian and Apulian fpoke Greek , wherof fome reliques are to be found to this day, but it was an adventitious,wo mother language to them: ’tis con- fefs’d that Latium it felf, and all the territories about Rome had the Latine for its maternal & common firft vernacular tongue,but TufcanytmA Liguria had others quite diferepant, viz- the Hetruf- cane and hr[ apian, wherof though ther be fom records yet ex¬ tant, yet ther are none alive that can underftand them; the Of- can, the Sabin and Tufculan, are thought to be but dialeds to thefe. Now the Latine tongue with the coincidence of the Goths lan¬ guage, and other Northern peeple, who like waves tumbled off one another, did more in Italy than any where elfe, for fhe ut¬ terly abolished (upon that part of the continent) all other ma¬ ternal tongues as ancient as her felf, and therby ther eldeft daughter the Italian came to be the vulgar univerfal tongue to the whole Countrey ; yet the Latine tongue had not the foie hand in doing this, but the Goths and other feptentrional Nations who rufh’d into the Roman dition, had a (hare in’t as I faid be¬ fore, and pegg’d in fom words which have been ever fince irre- moveablc, not only in the Italian, but alfo in her two younger lifters the Spaniflt and the French, who felt alfo the fury of thofe peeple : Now the Italian is the fmootheft and fofteft running language that is, for ther is not a word except fome few Mono- fyllables, Conjunctions and Prepofitions, that ends with a Con- fonant in the whole language, nor is ther any vulgar fpeeclt which hath more fubdialefts in fo finall a traft of ground, for Italy it felf affords above eight. Ther you have the Roman, the 7 Vi-rffif,the peratian,the Milanez, the Neapolitans,the Calabreffe, the Gemvais, the Picmontev,you have the Corftcan, Sycilian,\nth divers other neighbouring Iflands; and as the caufe why from the beginning ther were fo many differing dialects in the Gree\ tongue was becaufe it was dic’d into fo many Ifiands; fo the reafon why ther be fo many fubdialefts in the Italian is the diverfity of governments that the Countrey is fquandred into, ther being in Italy at this day two Kingdoms,w\. that of Naples 3^4 Familiar Letters. Vol. 2. and Calabria: Three Republicks, vi%. Venice, Genoa and Luca, and divers other abfolute Princes. Concerning the original language of Spain, it was without any controverfie,the Bafcuence or Cantabrian,which tongue and ter¬ ritory neither Roman,Goth,(whence this King hath his pedigree, with divers of the Nobles) or More,could ever conquer; though they had overrun and taken firm footing in all the reft for many ages; therfore as the remnant of the old Britanes here,fo are the Bifcainers accounted the ancient’ft and unqueftionableft Gentry of Sp«tn;infomuch that when any of them is to be dubb’d Knight, ther is no need of any fcrutiny to be made whether he be clear of the blood of the Morifco's who had mingled and incorporated with the reft of the Spaniards about 700 yeers: And as the Ar¬ cadian, and Attiques in Greece for their immemorial antiquity, arc laid to vaunt of themfelves, that the one are Uyaitom be¬ fore the Moon; the other euiip^om ifried of the earth it felf,fo the Bifcayner hath fuch like Rodomontados. The Spanifl) or Caftilian language hath but few fubdialefts, the Portugues ismoft confiderable;touching the Catalan,and Va- lenciant,they are rather dialefts of the French,Gafcan or Aquita- rian ; the pureft dialed of the Caftilian tongue is held to be in the Town of Toledo, which above other Cities of Spain hath this priviledg to be arbitrefs in the decifion of any controverfie that may arife touching the interpretation of any Caftilian word. It is an infallible rule to find out the mother and ancient’ft tongue of any Country, to go among thofe who inhabit the bar- ren’ft and moft mountainous places, which are pofts of fecurity and faftnes, wherof divers inftances could be produc’d, but let the Bifcayner in Spain, the Welft) in great Britain, and the Moun- tainers in Epire ferve the turn, who yet retain their ancient un- mixt mother-tongues, being extinguilhed in all the Country be- fides. Touching France, it is not only doubtfull,but left yet undeci¬ ded what the true genuine Gallic tongue was;fome would have it to be the German, fom the Grec\, fom the old Brit iff) or Welfh, and the laft opinion carrieth away with it the moft judicious An¬ tiquaries : Now all Gallia is not meant by it, but the Country of the Celt a that inhabit the middle part of France, who age the true Gaules-, CafartmA Tacins tell us that thefe Celta, and the old Britains (wherof I gave a touch in my firft lettered mutu¬ ally underftand one another, and fom do hold that this Ifland was tied to France, as Sicily was to Calabria, & Denmark to Ger¬ many by an Iftmos or neck of land ’twixt Dover and Bullen ; for if one do well obferve the rocks of the one, and the cliffs of the Vol 2. Familiar Letters. 365 other, he will judge them to be one homogeneous piece,and that, they were cut and fhivered afunder by fom aft of violence. The French or Gallic tongue hath divers dialefts-, the Picard, that of Jerfey and Garnfey (appendixes once to the Dutch) of Normandy) the Provenfal, the Gafcon or fpeech of Languedoc ,, which So-diger would etymologize from Langueda'uy, wheras it comes rather from Langue de Got, for the Saracens and Goths, who by their incurfions and long flay in Aquitain corrupted the language of that part of Gallia : Touching the Britain and they of Beam, the one is a dialeft of the Weljh, the other of the Bafcu- ence. The Wallon. who is under the.King of Spain,and the Liegoit is alfo a dialeft of the French, which in their own Country they call Romand. The Spaniard alfo terms his Caftillian,Roman, whence it may be inferr’d that the firfl rife and derivation of the Spanish and French werfrom the Roman tongue,not from the La- tine, which makes me think that the language of Rome might be degenerated and becom a dialeft to our own mother-tongue (the Latins) before fhe brought her language to France and Spain. Ther is beftdes thefe fubdialefts of the Italian, Spanijh and French, another fpeech that hath a great frroke in Greece and Turkey call’d France ,which may be faid to be compos’d of all the three, and is at this day the greateft language of commerce and negotiation in the Levant. Thus have I given your Lordfhip the belt account I could of the fifrer-dialefts of the Italian,Spanijh and French ; In my next I fhall crofs the Mediterranean to Afric, and the BeHefpont to Afia, wherl fhall obferve the general’ll languages of thofe vafl Continents wher fuch numberlefs fwarms and differing forts of Nations do crawl up and down this earthly Globe, therfore it cannot be expefted that I fhould be fo punftual there as in Eu¬ rope ■, fo I am frill, My Lord, Wefimin. 7. Jul. Tour obedient Servitor, 1630. J.H. LXI. To the Right Honourable the Earl R. My Lord, H Aving in my former Letters made a flying progreffe through the Europaan world, and taken a view of the fe- veral languages, dialefts and fubdialefts wherby peeple con- versone with another, and being now wind-bound for Afric, I held %66 Familiar Letters. Vol. 2. held it not altogether fupervacancous to take a review of them, and inform your Lord/hip what languages are Original indepen¬ dent mother tongues ofChriftendom, and what are dialects, de¬ rivations, or degenerations from their Originals. The mother tongues of Europe are thirteen, though Scaliger would have but eleven-, Theristhe Greek i, the La tine 2, the Dutch 3, the Slavonian 4, the Wel(h or Cambrian 5, the Bajcuente or Cantabrian 6- the IrifJ> 7, the Albanian in the Mountains of Epire 8, the Tartarian 9, the old Illirian 10, remaining yet in Li- burnia, the Jnzygian 11, on the North of Hungary, the Chau- chian 12, in Eaft Friesland, the Finnic 13, which I put la(l with good reafon, becaufe 1 they are the only heathens of Europe, all which were known to be in Europe in the time of the Roman Empire; There is a learned antiquary that makes the Arabic to be one of the mother tongues of Europe, becaufe it was fpoken in fom of the mountains of South Spain-, ’tis true, ’twas fpoken for divers hundred years all Spain over after the conqucft of the Moors, but yet it could not be call’d a mother tongue, but an ad¬ ventitious tongue in reference to that part of Europe. And now that I am to pafs to Aft ic, which is far bigger than Europe ,and to Afia ,which is far bigger than Afric ,and to America, which is thought to be as big as all the three, if Europe her felf hadi fo many mother languages quite diferepant one from the . other, bcfidcs fecondary tongues and dialeds which exceed the number of their mothers, what fhall we think of the other three huge continents in point of differing languages ? Your Lordfliip knows'that ther be divers meridians and clymesin the heavens, whence influxes of differing qualities fall upon the inhabitants of the earth, and as they make men to differ in the idea’s and con¬ ceptions of the mind, fo in the motion of the tongue, in the tune and tones ofthevoyce, they com to differ one from the other. Now, all languages at firft were imperfeft confus’d founds, then came they to be fyllables, then words, then fpeeches and fenten- ces, which by practice, by tradition, and a kind of natural in- ftinft from Parents to children, grew to be fix’d. Now to at¬ tempt a furvey of all the languages in the other three parts of the habitable earth wer rather amadnefs than a prefumption, it be¬ ing a thing of impoifibility, and not only above the capacity, but beyond the fearcli of the aftiv’ft, and knowing!! man upon earth : Let it therefore fuffice while I behold thole Nations that read and write from right to left, from the Liver to the heart, Imean the Africaner, and Afians, that I take a fhort view of the Arabic in the one,and the Hebrew or Syriac in the other;for tou¬ ching the Turklfl’ language, ’tis but a dialed of the Tartarian, though foil- Familiar Letters. $ 6 y though it have received a late mixture of the Armenian, the Per- ft an and Greeks tongues, but fpecially of the Arabic ,which was die mother tongue of their Prophet, and is now the foie language of their Alcoran, it being ftrictly inhibited, and held to be a pro- phanenefs to tran/lace it to any other, which diey fay preferves them from the encroachment of Schifmes. Now the Arabic is a tongue of vafi: expanfion, for befides the three Arabia's it is'becom the vulgar fpeech of Syria, Mefipota- m'hi, Paleftine, and Egypt -,from whence /he flretcheth herfelf to the /freight of Gibr alter, through all that vail: trail of earth which lieth ’twixt the Mountain Atlas and the Mediterranean Sea,which is now call’d 3 .:rbarv ,where Chriftianityand the Latine tongue, with divers famous Bifhops once flourilhed. She is fpoken like- wife in all the Northern parts of the Turkffh Empire, as alfoin petty Tart ary, and fhe above all other hath reafon to learn Arabic, for /he is in hope one day to have the Crefcent and the whole Otoman Empire, it being entail’d upon her in cafe die prefent race /hould fail, which is now in more danger than ever; in fine, wherfoever the Mahometan Religion is profefs’d, the Arabic is either fpoken or taught. My/«/? view (hall be of the (irfi language of the earth, the an¬ cient language of Paradife, the language wherin God Almighty himfelf pleas’d to pronounce and publifh the Tables of the Law, the language that had a benediftion promis’d her, becaufe /he would not confent to the building of the Babyhnijh Tower: yet this holy tongue hath hadalfo her Eclipfes, and is now degene¬ rated to many dialects, nor is /he fpoken purely by any Nation upon the earth,a fate alfo which is befallen the Greek ,and Latine-, The mod fpacious dialed of the Hebrew is the Syriac, which had her beginning in the time of the captivity of the jews at Babylon, while they cohabited and were mingled with the Chaldeans, in which trail of feventy yeers time the vulgar fort of jews neg¬ lecting their own maternal tongue, (the Hebrew) began to fpeak the ctialdee, but not having the right accent of it, and fa/hioning that new learn’d language to their own innovation of points, affixes and conjugations, out of that intermixture of Hebrew and chaldee, refulted a third language call’d to this day the Syriac, which alfo after the time of our Saviour began to be more adulterated by adrniilion of Grech, Roman, and Arabic-, in this language is the Talmud an ATargum couch’d, and all their Rabbins, as Rabbi Jonathan, and Rabbi with others have written in it, infomuch that as I faid before, the ancient Hebrew had the (lime fortune that the Greek, and Latine tongues had to fall from being naturally fpoken any where, tolofe their gene- 3 68 Familiar Letters. . Vol.'ll ral communicablenefs and vulgarity, and to becom only fchool and book languages. illusive fee, that as all other fublimary things art fubjett to cor¬ ruption and decay, as the potent'fi Monarchies, the proudefl R-pub- lic\s , the opulenteft Cities have their growth, dedinings and pe¬ riods : As all other elementary bodies liftwife by reafon of the frail- tj of their principles, com by infenftble degrees to alter and perifh, and cannot continue long at a Hand ofperjelliotr, fo the leaned]} and more eloquent languages, are not free from this comtrnn fatality, but they are liable to tbofe alterations and revolutions , to thofefits ofinconftancy, and other defirutlive contingencies which are un¬ avoidably incident to all earthly things. Thus, my noble Lord, have I evirtuated my felf, and dretclfid all my finews, I have put all my fmall knowledge, obfervations and reading upon the tenter, to fatisfie your Lordfhip’s defires touching this fubjeft: If it afford you any contentment, I have hit the white I aimed at, and hold my felf abundandy rewarded for my oyl and labour: fo I am, My Lord, Weflmin. i. Jul. Tour moll humble and ever 1620. obedient Servitor, J.H. LXIII. To the Honourable Mafier Car. Ra. SIR, Y Ours of the 7th current was brought me, wherby I find that you did put yourfelf to the penance of perufing fomEpifiles that go imprinted lately in my name : I am bound to you for your pains and patience(for you write you read them all thorow) much more for your candid opinion of them,-being right glad that they fhould give entertainment to fucha choice and judicious Gentleman as your felf: But wheras you feem to except againit fomething in one Letter that reflects upon Sir Walter Rawleigh's voyage to Guyana,heauk I tearm the gold Mine he went to dis¬ cover,an airie and fuppofititioits Mine, and fo infer that it touchetli his honour ('Truly, Sir, I will deal clearly with you in that point, that I never harbour’d in my brain the lead thought to expo:e to the world any thing that might prejudice, muchlefs traduce in die lead degree that could be, that rare and renowned Knight,• Vol 2. Familiar Letters. 369 whofe fame fliall contend in longevity with this Idand it felf, yea, with that great World which he Hifiorifeth fo gallantly .* I was a youth about the Town when he undertook that expedition and I remember moft men fufpeftedthat yW/nethen tobebut an imaginary politic thing,but at his return,and milling of the enter¬ prise, thcfe fufpitions turn’d in mo ft to reall beliefs tltlit ’twas no o.her. And King James in that Declaration which he commanded to be printed and publilhed afterwards touching the circumfian¬ ces of this a&ion (upon which my Letter is groundcd.and which I have fill by me) rearms it no iefs : And if we may not give faith to fitch public rcgall inflruments, what fhall we credit? Be- fides, there goes another prinredkind of Remonftrance annex’d to that declaration which intimates as much, And ther is a wor¬ thy Captain in this town,who was a co-adventurer in that expedi¬ tion, who, upon the (forming of Sr. Thomas heard young Mr. Rawle'tgh encouraging his men in thefe words, com on my noble hearts this is the mine we com for, and they who think'her is any other, are fools, Add heerunto that Sir Richard Baker in his lafl Iliftori- call collections intimates fo much; therefore ’twas far from being any opinion broach’d by my felf,or bottom’d upon weakgrounds; for I was carefuJl ofnothing more, than that thofe Utters, being to breath open air, fliould relate nothing but what fhould be derived from good fountains, And truly, Sir, touching, that Apologie of Sir Walter Rawleighs you write of, Ineverfawir, and I am very forty I did not, for it had let in more light upon me of the carriage of that great aftion,and then you might have bin afliir’d that I would have don that noble Knight all the right that could be. EutSir, the feverall arguments that you urge in your Letters are of that (irength, Iconfefs, that they are able to reCtiSe any indifferent man in this point, and induce him to beleeve chat ic was no Chymera, but a reall Mine; for you write ofdivers pieces ofGoid'brought thence by Sir Walter himfelf, and Captain Ke- my , and of fom Ingotts that were found in the GovernoursCIo- fet at Sr. Thomas with divers crufibles, and other refining initru- ments; yet, under favour, that might be, and the benefit not countervail the charge, for the richeit Mines that the King of .Jp/r/n hath upon the whole Continent of America , which are the Mines of Fit aft,yee\d him but fix in the hundred all expellees de¬ frayed. You write how King James fent privatfy to Sir Walter , being yet in the Tower, toimreat and command him, that he would impart his whole defign unto him under his hand, promi- fing upon the word of a King to keep it fccret, which being don accordingly by Sir Walter Rawleigb, that very original .paper gjo Familiar Letters, Vol. 2. was found in the (aid k' p.tnifh Governors ciofet at Sr. Thoma\ whereat, as you have jnCt caufe to wonder,and admire the aftive. liefs oi the Spanifli Agents about our Court at that time, fo I won. der no Ids at the mii'carriage of fnm of His late Majellies Mini-" fters, who notwithidanding that he had pufs’d his royal word to the contrary, yet they did help Count Gondamar to that paper, fo that tile reproach lieth more upon the Englifh than the Spaniflt Minifters in this particu! tr: Whereas you alltdge that the dan¬ gerous ficknefs of Sir Walter being arrived neer the place, and the death of (that rare fpark ofcourage) your brother upon the , firfl landing, with other circtimfiances difeourag’d Captain Ke¬ rns from rlifcovering the Mine, but to referve it for another time, I am content to give as much credit to this as any man can ; as alfo that Sir Wither, if the reft of the Fleer according to his earned motion had gon with him to reviftual! in Virginia (t Country wher he had rcafon to be wa-lcom unto, being of his , own difeovery) he had a purpofe to return to Guyana the Spring following to purfue hi.-firft defigne : I am alfo very willing to believe thar it coft Sir Walter Rarpleigh much more to put hiin- ; felf in equipage for that long intended voyage, than would have payed for his liberty, if he had gone about topurcliafe it for reward of money at home, though I am Hoc ignorant that many of the coadventurers made large contributions, and the fortunes of fome of them differ for it at this very day. But although Gondamar, as myftetter mentions, calls Sir Walter Pyrar, I, for my part amfarre from thinking fo, becaufe as you give an unanfwerablc rcafon, the plundering of St. 27 jo- nun. was an aft done beyond the Equator, where the Articles of Peace ’twixt the two Kings doe not extend : yet, under favor, though he'broke not the Peace, he was fa id to break his Patent by exceeding the hounds of his Commifticn, as the forefaid declaration relates, for King James had made ftrong proinifes roCounr Gondamar, that this Fleer fhould commit no outrages upon the King of S/nihi’sSubjefts by Land, rnilefs they began firft, and I believe rha: was rhe main caufe of his death, though I think if they had proceeded rliac way againft him in a legal courfc of- tryall, he might have defended himfclf well enough. Whereas you alledg thar if that nftion had fucceeded’and after¬ wards been well profecured, it might have brought Gondamar s great Catholic Mafter ro hav c been begg’d for at the Church doreihy Frvars,as he was once brought in the latter end of Queen Elizabeths days: I believe ir had much damnified him,and inter- tupteAhim in the pofielTion of his Weft-Indies, but not brought Vol. 2. Familiar Letters. 371 him under favor, to fo low an ebb : I have obferved that it is an ordinary thing in yourPopifh Countries for Princes to borrow from the Altar, when they are reduc’d to any ftraights, for they by,the riches eft he Church itreferve ns anchors in time of a ftorm ; Divers of our Kings have don w.orfe, by pawning their Plate and Jewels: Whereas my letter maktsmentionthatSirWWrer R.iwleigb mainly labor’d for his Pardon before he went, but could not com pas it, this isalfo a pafiage in the forefaid printed Rela¬ tion, but I could have wifh’d with all my heart he had obtain’d it, for I belccve, that neither the tranfgrelfion ofhisCommilTioii nor any thing that he did beyond the Line , could have fherr- ned the line of his life otherwife, but in all probability wee liiighthave been happy in him to this very day, having fuch an | Heroic heart as he had, and other rare helps, by his great | knowledge, for the prefervacion of health : I beleeve with¬ out any fcruplc what you write, that Sir William St.geon made an overture unto him of procuring his pardon for 1500 1. but whether lie could have effefred it I doubt a little, when he had com to negotiat it really : Bur I extreamely wonder how ibr old fentence which had Iain dormant above fateenyeers ' apainft Sir Walter Rawleigh could have been made ufe of to take off his head afterwards, confideiing tint the Lord Chancellor Yirt'lam, as you write, told him pofitivdy (is Sir Walter vtasac- • qn.iiuting him with that proffer, of Sir William St.geon for a £c- enniaty pardon) in thefe words, Sir, the kr,ee timber of your voyage is tmney. [pare pur pitrfe in this particular , for upon mp life you have a /efficient pardon for all that U puffed already, the King having un- i'-iVfS broad Seal made you Admirall of your Fleet, and given you po- w:r of the Martial! Law over yew officers and Soldiers : One would thmk that by this Royall Patent, which gave him power of life nid death over rile Kings liege pecple, Sir Walter Rawleigh mould becom ReUm in ctnia, and free from all old convictions-; bur, Sir, to tell you the plain truth. Count Gond.imar at that time had a great frroak in our Court, bccaufe ther was more than a nicer overture of a match with .Spain, which makes, me apt to believe that that great wife Knight being fuch an ^nri-.S'pmiirtrfl',' was made a Sacrifice to advance the Matrimoniall Treaty; Burl muff needs wonder, as you juftly do, that one and the lame matt fiiculd be condemned for being a frend to the Spaniard, (’which was die ground of his fir ft condemnation) fhould afterwards lofe his head for being their enemy by the fame fentence .* Touching his return I mu ft confefsl was utterly ignorant that thofe two noble Earls Thomas of Arundell and William of Fembroo\e wer en- , gaged for him in this particular, nor doth the Printed Relation, 37 2 Familiar Letters. Vol.i, make any mention of them at all, therfore I muff fay that envy her felf muft pronounce that return of his, for the acquitting of his fiduciary pledges to be a moft noble aft,and waving that of King Alphcnfo' s M< 5 or, I may more properly compare it to the aft of that famous Roman CommandafReguhti as I take itjwho to keep his promife and faith return’d to his enemies wher he had been prifoner, though he knew he went to an inevitable death: Eut well did that faithlefs cunning Knight who betrayed Sir Walter Rawleigh in his intended efcape being com afliore.fal to that con¬ temptible end, as to dye a poor diftrafted Beggar in thelficof Lyndey, having for a bag of money falfified his Faith, confirm’d by the tyeof the holy Sacrament, as you wrire, as alfo before the yeer came about to be found clipping the fame coin in the Kings own ho life at White-ball,which he had receiv’d as a reward for his Ferfidioufnefs, for which being condemned to be bang’d, he was driven to fell himfelf to his fhirc, to purchafe his pardon of two Knights. And now, Sir let that glorious and gallant Cavalier Sir Walter Rawleig'o(who lived long enough for hit om honour , though not for his Country,as it was faid of a Roman Confull) reft quietly in his grave, and his vertues live in his pofterity, as I find they do ftrongly,and very eminently in you: I have heard his enemies confefs that he was one of the vveightieft and wifeft men that this Iftand ever br$d; Mr, Nath. Carpenter, a learned and judicious Author, was not in the wrong when he gave.this difcreet Charafterof him, who hath not known or read of this Prodigy of wit and fortune. Sir Walter Rawleigh, a man infortunate in nothing els but in tbegreatnes of his wit and advancement, whofe eminent worth was fuel) both in domeflicpollicy forren Expeditions, anddifeoveries, in Ar ts and Lite¬ rature,both prallic-and contemplative, that it might feemat onee to conquer example and imitation. Nor Sir, hoping to be reftified in your judgement touching my opinion of that illuftrious Knight your Father, give me leave tokifs your hands very affeftionately for the refpeftfull mention you pleafe to make of my brother onceybur neighbour ■, hefuf- fers,good (oul, as well as I, though in a differing manner;I alfo much value that favourable cenfure you give of thofe rambling Letters of mine, which indeed are noughc els than a Legend of the cumberfom life and various fortunes of a Cadet ; but whereas you pleafe to fay, that the world of learned men is much behold¬ en to me for them, and that fom of them are freighted with many excellent arid quaint paffages, delivered in a Mafculiue and [did file, adorn'd with much eloquence, and ftuck with chot- rej)flowers picked from the Mufes garden ; whereas you alfo pleafe Vol. 2. Familiar Letter!. 373 t Q write that you admire my great Travels, my Brenuout endea¬ vours, at all times and in all places to accumulate knowledge, my allive laying bold upon all occafions, x and on every handle that might Cwith reputationJ advantage either my wit or joriune: Thefe high gallant drains of expreffions, I confefs, tranfcend my merit, and are a garment too gawdy for me to put on, yet I will lay it up among my bed Reliques, whereof I have divers fentmeof this kind: And whereas in publishing thefe Epidles at time you pleafe to fay, That I have done like Hezekiah when he jltewed hit treasures to the Babylonians, that I have difcovered my riches to Theeves who will bind me fafl and (hare my goods ; To this I anfwer, that if thofe innocent LettersC fori know none of them but is fuch J fall among fuch Theeves, they will have no great prize to carry away, it will be putpetfy larceny, I am already, God wot, bound fad enough, having been a long time coopt up between thefe Wall, bereft of all my means of fubfidence and emp!oyment;nor do I know wherefore I am here unlefs itbe for my fins: for I bear as uprighta heart to my King and Countrey, I am as comfortable and welleffe&ed to the govermenr of this land, fpecially to the high Court of Par¬ liament as any one vvhatfoever that breaths air under his Meri¬ dian, I will accept none : And for my Religion I defie any creature ’twixt heaven and earth that will fay, that I am not a true Englifh Protedant. I havefrom time to time employed di¬ vers of my bed friends to get my liberty, at Ieadwife leave to go abroad upon Bail, ( for I do not expcft, as you pleafe alfo to be¬ lieve in your letteryto be delivered hence as St, Peter was by mi¬ racle Jbur nothing will yet prevail. To conclude,I do acknowledge in thehighed way of recogniti¬ on, the free and noble proffer you pleafe to make me of your en¬ deavours to pull me out of this doleful Sepulcher,wherein you fay lam entomb’d alive; I am nolefs oblig’d to you for the opinion I find you have of my weak abilities which you pleafedto wi(l> heartily may be no longer eclypjed , I am notin defpair, but a day will fhine that may afford me oportunlty to improve this good opinion of yours ( which I value at a high ratejand let the world know how much I am, Fleet, 5 May, .^45 Sir, Aag Tour reall and ready Servitor, J.fl. LXIIII. To 374 Vol. 2 . Familiar Letters. LXIII. To Mr.T.V.at Brujfcls. de.tr Tom, T /\7 Ho would have thought poor England had been brought _ V \ to this pade ? could it ever have enrred : uto the imagina- Hon of man that the Scheme and whole frame of Co ancient and well-molded a government fhouidbe fo fuddeniy (truck off the hinges, tjuite out of joyut, and tumbled into fuch a horrid Con¬ dition ! who would have held it poffible that to fly from Babylon, we fhould fall into lech a Dobell that to avoid fupcrflition fom peeple fhoukl be brought to belch out fuch a horrid prophanc- nes, asto call the Temples of God, the Tabernac'es ofSatan; The LordsSupper, a Two-penny Ordinary; to make the Com¬ munion Tables Manger, and the Font a Trough to water their Horfes in ; to term the white decent Robe of rhe Presbyter the Whores Smock; the Pipes through which nothing came but An¬ thems and holy Hymns, the Devils Bagpipes t the Liturgy of the Church, though extrafted mo ft of it out of the Sacred Text, call’d by fom another kind olAldman, by others raw Porredge, by fom a piece forg’d in Hell; Who would have thought to have feen in England, the Churches fliut and the Shops open upon Cbriflmas day ? Cculd any foul have imagined that this Ifle would have produc’d fuchmonliers, as torejoyceat the T/;; (;/ goodfuc- cefies againft Chriftfans, and wifli he were in the midft of Rome ? who would have dream’t ten years fince when Arch-bifhop Laud did ride in (date through London ffreets,accompanying my Lord of London ro be fworn Lord high Trefurerof England, that the Mi¬ tre fhould have now come to fuch a fcorn,to fuch a National kind ofhatred, as to put the whole Ifland in a combuflion; which makes me call to memorya faying.of theEarl of Kildare m Ireland in the Reign of Henry the Eighth,which. Earl, having deadly feud with the Bifhop of Cables ,burnt a Church belonging to that Dio- cefs, and being ask’d upon his Examination before the Lord De¬ puty at the Cafiie ol Dublin,why he had committed fuch a horrid Sacrilcdge as to burn Gods Church? he anfwer’d, I had never burnt the Church wiles I bad thought the Rijbcphad been in't. Lafliy, who would have imagined that the Accife would have taken foot¬ ing here. <> a word I remember in the ladPnrlcnientfaveonefo odious, that when Sir D. Carkton, then Secretary of Stare, did but name it in the Houfe of Commons, hewasiikc to be fetitto the Tower; although he nam’d it to no ill fenfebut to (hew wlut •advantage of happinefs the peeple of England hud o’re other Nations, having neither the GabdlsofZr.-./^theTaliics of France, Vohi. Familiar Letters. 375 or the Accife of Holland laid upon them, yet upon this he was fuddenly interrupted, and rail’d ro the Ear : Such a Orange me- raniorphofis poor England is now com unto, and lam aftaid our miferics arc not com to their height, but the loiigcft fkadovis flay till the evening. The frefhelt nerves that I can write unto you is, that the Ken- vfh Knight of your acquaintance whom I wdtinniy laftlrdan ap'ftacy in his Brain, dyed fuddenly this week of an Imp flume in hi: baft, as lie was reading a Pamphlet of his own :har C ,:me from the Prcfs,wherein he fhew’d a great mind to he nibling with my Trees ; but lie only fliew’b his Teeth .■ tor lie could not bite them to any purpofe. Willi.'.in Ro. is retnrnM from the Wars, bur he is grown lame in one of his Arms, folic hath no mind to bear Armes any niote, he confefietii himfelf ro he an egregious fool to leave his M.rccr- fh.ip, and goto be aMuiqucreer : Ir made me think upon the Tale of the Guile go in Spain, who in the Civil! Wars agalnii Ara¬ gon, being in the field he was (hot in the forehead, and being carried away to aTc-nr, the Surgeon fcarclud his wound and found it mortal: fo he advifed him to fend for hisConfefor. for he was no man for this world,in regard the brain was touch'd,the Souldier wifh’d him to fearch it again, which he did, and told him that he found h; was hurt in the Brain and could not poffi !y fcape, whereupon the GAleg o fell into a chafe, and laid he Ived; for he had no brain at all por queft ntvicr.i fefo , r.unca huniera ve- nidoefta guerra, for if T had had any brain, I would rever have com to this War: Al! your frends here are well, ixcepr the maym’d Souldier,and remember you often, fpecially Sir 7.Si own agood gallant Gentleman, who never forger 1 any whodeferv’d to have a place inhismemory. Farewell my dear Tow .and God fend you better daves than we have here, for T wifh you as much liappines as poffiblv man can have, I wifn your mornings may be good, your noons better, your evenings and nights belt of all; I wifhyour forrows maybe fhort, your joyslalling, and all your defirt s end in fucceUe , let me hear once more from you before you remove chence, and tell me how the fquares go in Flanders: Sol reft, Fleet, 3. Aug. 1644. Tour entirely affettionate Servitor, J. H. LXIV. To 376 Familiar Letters. Vol'2, LXV. T 0 his Majeftie at OKon, SIR, J Proftrate this Paper ar your Majeflies -feet, hoping it may find way thence to your eyes, and fo defeend to your Royal! heart. TheforrenMinifterofState, by whole conveyance this.coms, did lately intimat unto me, that among divers things which go abroad under my name refleftingupon the times, ther are fom which are not fo well taken, your Majeftie being inform’d that they difeovera fpirit of IndifFerency, andluke-warmnesinthe Authour .* This added much to the weight of my prefent fuffran- ces; and exceedingly imbitter’d the fenfe of them unto me, be¬ ing no other than a corrififf to one already in a liedic condition: I muft confeife that feme of them wer more moderat titan others; yet fmoft humbly under favour) ther wer none of them but dif- played the heart ofaconflant true loyal Subjeft, andasdiversof ' thofewhoare moft Zealous to your Majefties fervicc told me; they had the good fuccefs toreftifie multitudes of people in their opinion of fome things; Infomuch that I am not only not conlci- ous, but moft confident that none of them could tend to your Majeftfes differvice any way imaginable : Therefore I humbly befeech, tliac your Majeftie would vouchfafe to conceive of me accordingly, and of one who by this reclufe paffive condition hath his mare of this hideous ftorm : yet he is in affurance, ra¬ ther hopes, that though divers croffe winds have blown, thefe times will bring in better at Iaft •• Ther have bln divers of your Royal! Progenitors who have had as fhrew’d fttccks: And ’els well known, how the next tranfmarine Kings have been brought to Io wer ebbs: At this very day he of Spain is in a far worfe con¬ dition, being in the mid ft of two forts of peeple, (the Catalan and Portugak') which were lately hisVafiais, but now have torn liis Seals, renounc’d all bonds of allegiance : and are in aftuall hoftiliry againft him : This great City I may fay is like a Chef- board chequer’d, inlaid with white and black_l pots, though I be¬ lieve the white are more in number, and your Maiefties counte¬ nance by returning to your great Counfel and your Court at White-Hall would quickly turn them all white : That Almighty Majeftie w!io''lifeth to draw light out ofdarknes, andftrength out-of vveaknes, making mans extremity his opportunity,preferve and profper vour Majeftie accordingly to the Prayers early and late of your Majefties moft loyal $ubjeft, Servanr,and Martyr, Fleet, ^.Sept.164^. Howell. LXVI.fr Pol. 2. Familiar Letters. 377 LXVI. To E. Benlowes Eff, upon the receipt of a Table of . exquifit Latin Poem. SIR. I Th irk you In 3 very high degree for that precious Table of Poems you pleas'd to fend me: When I had well vciw’d them I thought upon that famous Table of Proportion, wlrch Ptolomj is recorded by Ariflam to have fent Elie^er to Hierufalew, which was counted a dupendious piece of Art, and the wonderment of thofe times ; what the curiofity of that Table was, I have not read, but I believe it confided in extern mechanical artifice on- ’ ly : The beauty of your Table is ofa far more noble extraftion, being a pure fpiritual work,fo that it may be called the Table of your foul, in confirmation of the opinion of that Divine, though Pagan Philofopher, the high wing’d Plata, who fancied that our fouls at the fird infufion wer as fo many Tables, they wer Abrap Tabula, and that all onr future knowledge was but a reminif- cence; But under favour, the rich and elaborate Poems which fo loudly eccho out your worth and ingenuity,deferve a far more lading monument to preferve them from the injury of time than fuch a flender board, they deferve to be engraven in fuch durable dainty duff that may befit to hang up in the Temple of Apollo: your Eccho deferves to dwell in fom marbleor porphyrygropeut about Parnaffus Mount near the fource of Helicon, rather then up¬ on fuch a flight fuperficies. I much thank you for your vifits, and other fair refpeftsyou fhew me; fpecially that you have.enlarg’d my quarters ’mong thefe melancholy walls by fending me a whole Ifie to walk in, I mean that delicate purple Ipridl receiv’d from you, wher I meet with Apollo himfelf and all his daughters, with other excellent fociety ; I dumble alfo tiler often upon my fclf, and grow better acquainted with what I have within me and without me; Info- much that you could not make choice of a fitter ground for a Pri- foner, as I am, topaffeover, than of thot purple Ifle, that ip of man you fent me,which as the Ingenious Authour hath made ir, isa far more dainty foil than thatSW/er Ifland which lies near theBrt/ricSea. I remain dill wind-bound in this Fleet, when the weather mends and the wind fits that I may launch forth,l will repay you your vifits, and be ready ro correifpond with you in therecip.ro- earion of any other offices offrenddiip, for I am Sir, Fleet, ' Tout affcUmat Servitor, ■ 1645. J.-ff. LXVII. To Vol 2, 378 Familiar Letters. LXVII. To try Honourable La, the La, A. Smith, Madam, W Hereof you wer pleas'd lately to ashleavi’.yu may now take authority to command me : And did I (now am oj the fa¬ culties of my mind, or limbs of my body that were not willing to ferve you, I would utterly renounce them, tbeyffmldbe no more mine, at leaft Ifhouldnot lUp them ncerft well ; but I ft) all not be put to that, for I fenfibly find that by a natural propenfty they are all mofl ready to obeyyon, and to fir at the leaft bed1 of your commands, as Iron moves towards the loadftone ; Therefore Madam, if you bid me go, I will run-. If you bid me run, lie fly, (if I can) upon your arrandj But I imft ft ay till I can get my heels at liberty from among thefe Walls, till when, I am as perfcllly as man can be, Madam, Fleet, 5 May Your mofl obedient humble Servitor, 1645. LXVIII. To Mafiler G. Stone. SIR, I Heartily repyce with the reft ofyour frends, that you are fafely re• turn'd from your Travels, fpecially thatyouhave made ft good re¬ turns of the time of your Travel, being, as I underftand, come home fraightedwith obfervations and languagesyour Father tells me that hefindtyou are ftwcddedp the Italian and French, that you utterly negletl the Latine Tongue ; Tha t's not well. Though you have learnt to play at Baggammon, you muff not forget Iridi, which is a feriout and folidgame -, but I (nowyou are ft difereet in the courfe and method ofyour (Indies, that you will male the daughters to wait up¬ on their /pother, andlove Will your old fiend : To trueftthe Latine for any other vulgar Language, is but an ill barter, it is as bad as that which Glaucus made with Diomedes when he parted with his golden Ames for brazen ones-, the proceed of this exchange will come far fltort of any Gentlemans expell aims, though haply it may prove ad- vantagiom to a Merchant, 'to whom common Languages are more ufeful. I am big with defire to meet you, and to mingle a dayes dif- courfe with you , if not two -, how you efcap'd the claws of the Inquifi- tions wherinto I underftandyou wer like to fall,and of other Traverfes f 0 l 2, Familiar Letters. 379 cfyw Peregrination : Farewell my precious Stone, and believe it, tie ieafr grain of thofe high rcftclh yon pie aft to profeffeunto me is not Ml, bat anfwet'd with Jo many CarattstSo I reft, Tour 1 noft nffsflimt! Servitor, r peihnin. ?o. liovem. ' 1535- J* »■ LXIX. ToMr.].j.Efa SIR, I Received thofe fparlfies of Piety you pleas'd to fend me in a manu- ft ript, and wherasyau favour me with a deft re of my opinion con¬ cerning the publifhing of them Sir I mnft confffigthat J found among them many moft fervent and flexanimnns (trains of dev aim ; I found fan prayersfo'piercing and powerfu/l that they are able to invade 'Heaven, and talye it by violence, if the heart doth its office as well tbeteung: But Sir, you must give me leave fund for tbit leave you ft),ill have authority to deal with mine in fitch a cafe) to tellyou/bat wiser as they con ft If only of requefts,being all ftpplicatory prayers, you Jhuid cb well to inter (perfi among them fom euchariftical cjaculati- c.ns,andd>xdagies, fom oblations ofthanffnlnesweflmldnot be al~ waies whining in a puling petitionary way (which is the tone of the time nowin faftion) before the gates of Heaven with out fingers in our eyes, but n-v ftonld lay our hands upon our hearts, and brealginto raptures of joy ar.d praife A foul thus elevated is the moft pleafing facriftce that can be offer'd to God Almighty,it is the beft fart ofincenfe: Prayer cattfeth the fir ft Jh-nvr of rain, but Praife brings down the fe- cond , the onejrullifieth the earth, the other makes the Hills to Slyip ; all prayers aim at our own ends and inte) efts, but praife prececds from the pure motions of love .utdgratitn.de, having no other objcll but the gh-y of God : that foul which rightly difebargeth this part of devotion maybe [aid to do the duty of an Angel upon earth. Among other attri¬ butes of God, Vtxfdencetr fore-knowledge is one, for he knows our thoughts, our defires, our wants long before we propound them. And this is not only one of his attributes but prerogative royal-, therefore to ufefo many iterations,inculcatings-and t antilogies,is it is no good man- ns re in moral PhiUfophy, no more is it in divinity, it argues a pufilia- nimotis and miftruftfnll foul t of the two, ibadrather be overlong in praife than prayer , yet I would be ; careful it flmld be-free from any Pharifaical babling : p ray er compar'd with praife,is but a fuliginous fmoaliiffuingfrom the fence offin,and human infirmities, praife < ,oe Vol 2 , ggo ' Familiar Letters. the true cleer fp'arkfes of piety, and fconerfly upwards. Thus have 1 been free with you in delivering my opinion touching that piece of devotion you fern me , wbereunta I add my humble thanks toyoufortbe perufalof it,fo 1 am Fleet , 1. Septem. Tours tnofl ready to be commanded, 1645. J- H. LXXII. To Captain William Bridges in Amsterdam, My noble Captain, I Had yours of the tenth current, and be fide s your avifos, I mufl that i£ you for thofe rich flatirifhes wherwith your letter was imbro- deredevry where-, The news under clymeis, that they have muti- ted lately in divers places about the Excife, a bird that was fir SI hatch'd there amongSl you , herein London the Tumult came to that height that they burnt down to the ground the Excife houfein Smith- field, but now all is quiet again: God grant our Excife here have not the fame fortune as yours there, to becom perpetual ; or as that new Gabel of Orleans, which began in the time of the Ligue, which con. tinueth to this day,noiwithfianding the caufe ceas'd about threefcore yearsfince-, touching this, I remember a pleafant tale that is record¬ ed of Henry the Great, who font years after peace was eSlablifhed .throughout all the whole body of France, going to his own town of Orleans, the Citizens petitioned him that his Mdyefly would be plea- fed to abolijh that new tax’, the King aslyedwho had impos'd it upon theme they anftoered Monfieur de IaChatre, (daring the civil wars of the Ligue J who was now dead ; the King replied Monfieur dela-Chatre vous a ligue qu’il vous defligue, Monfieur dela Cha- tre ligu'dyou, let him then unligueyou for my part ; now that we have a kind o f peace the Goats are full of Souldiers, and fame Gentle¬ mens Sons of quality fuffer daily , the lafi week Judge Rives condemn • cdfour inyour Countrey at Maidfione Affixes, but he went out of the world before them though they were executed four dayes after: you kpow the faying in France, that la guerra fait les larrons, & la paix les ameine au gibet, War makes theevs, and peace brings them to the gallows. I lie jlill here In limbo, in limbo innocentium, though not in limbo infantum, and I know not upon what flar to cajl this mis¬ fortune > Others are here for their good conditions, but I am here Vol. 2. Familiar Letters. 381 form) good qualities as pur cofm Fortefcue geeidmemthngfmce, Ifiow none 1 have, unleJJ'eit be to love you, which I would,continue v to do, though 1 tug'd atanoarinaGallye, much more as I waif in the Galleries of this Fleet: In this reflation I reft Fleet, 2. Septem. Tour m ft affeSiona t 1645. Servitor,]. H. LXXI. To Mr. W. B. at Grundesburgb. Gentle Sir, Y Ours of the feventh I received yeflernight, and read o’re with do vulgar delight; in the perufal of it me thought to have difcern’d a gentle ftrife ’twixt the fair refpefts you pleas’d to fhew me therein, and your ingenuity in exprelfing them,who ftiould have fuperiority 5 fo that I knew not to which of the two I fliould adjudge the Palm. If youcontinueto wrap up our young acquaintance, which you fay is but yet in fafciis, in fuch warm choice fwadlings, it will quickly grow up to maturity, and for my part I fball not be wanting to contribute that reciprocal nourifhment whieh is due from me. Wheras you pleafe to magnihe fom pieces of mine; and that youfeemtofpietheMufes pearchingupon my Trees,I fear ’tis but deceptiovifus, for they are but Satyrs,or happily fonvof the homelier fort of Wood-Nymphs, the Mufes have choicer walks for their recreation. Sir, Imuft thank you for the vifit you vouchfafed njeio this fimple cell,and whereas you pleafe to call it the cabinet that holds the jewel of our time, you may rather term itawickercasknec than keeps a jet ring, or a horn lantern that holds a fmall taper ofcourswax; I hope this taper fliall not extinguifli here, and if it may afford you any light, cither from hence or hereafter. I fliould be glad to impart it in a plentiful proportion, becaufe I am. Sir Tour molt afeblionatfiend Fleet, i.Jul), toferve )ou, ]. H. LXXIL 582 Familiar Letters . LXXII. To]. W. of G rayes Inn, Efqnire. SIR , I Was yours before in a high degree of rffetfiott, but now Tam much more yours fincc-I perus'd rhar parcel of cho c: Epiftlcs you Tent me; rliev difeover in vou a knowing and a candid cleerfcul, for familiar letters arc the hers of the mind, they of en all the boxes of ones breall, all the cells of the brain,- and truly fet forth the inward man, nor can the penfill fo lively repref m 1 he face, as the pen can do the Fancy : I much thank you that you would pleafc to impart them unto, Fleet, 1. April, Tour moft faithfullfervitor, 1 and puzzle the peace of Italy, I want faith to believe it yet, nor can I entertain in my B b 3 breft 390 Familiar Letters. Vol. 2. reft any fucli conceit of the moft Chrifiian King-fiodfirfl Son of the Church, as he termshitnfelf: yet I pray in your next to pull this thorn out of my thoughts, and tell me whether cue may give any credit to this report. We are now Scot-free as touching the Northern Army, for our dear Brethren have trufs’d up their Baggage, and put the Tweed ’nvixt us and them once again, deer indeed, for they have coft its firft and laft, above nineteen hundred thoufand pound Sterling which amounts to near eight Millions of Crowns with you there: yet if reports be true, they left behind them more then they loft, if you go to number of men, which will be a brave race of mefiifii hereafter, who may change, meet their Fathers in the field,and kill them unwittingly; lie will be a wife child that knowes his right Father : Here we are like to have four and twenty Sear emptied ftiortly,and fom do hope to find abundance of Trefure in the bottom of them, as no doubt they will, but many doubt that it.will prove but aurutn Tolof anum to the finders, God grant that from Aereans we tmnnot to be Air tans: The Earl of Strafford was accounted by his very enemies to have an extraordinary Ta¬ lent of judgement and parts (though they fay he wanted modera¬ tion) and one of the prime Precepts he lefc his Son upon the Scaf¬ fold was that he ftiould not meddle with Church-land,for they would pave a Cancer to his Eft ate : Here are ftarted up fom great know¬ ing men lately that can Ihew the very track by which our Saviour went to Hell, they will tell you precifely whofe names are written 5 n the Book of Life, whofe not; God deliver us from fpiritua! pride,which of all forts is the moft dangerous: Here are alfo 110- table Star-gazers, who obtrude to the worid fuch confident bold Predictions, and are fo familiar with heavenly bodies, that Fto- hmy, and Tychobracb were but Ninnies to them: we have likevvife multitudes of witches among us, for in Ejfex and Saffo/tthcrwer above two hundred indifted within thefe two years,and above the one half of them executed, more I may well fay, than ever this Jftand bred fiuce the Creation, I fpeak it with horror, God guard us from the Devil,for I think he was never fo bufie upon any part of the earth that was cnlighcned with the beams of Chriftianity, nor do I wonder at it, for ther’s never a Crofs left to fright him away: Edinburgh I hear is fallen into a relapfe of the Plague, the laft they had rag’d fo violently, that the fourtieth man or wo¬ man lives not ofthofe that dwelt there four years fince, butit is all pecpled with new faces; DonanAHans, Ihearareabfolutely accorded, nor do I believe that all the Artificers of pollcie that yojf ufe there can hinder the peace, though thejunay puzzle it Vol 2. Familiar Letters, 391 Q>ra while, if it be fo, thepeeple which button their dublets up¬ ward will be better able to deahvith you there. Much notice is taken that you go on there too faftin your ac' quefb, and now that the Eagles wings are pretty well clyp’d,’tit nine to look that your flower-de-luce grow not too rank, and fprcad too wide. Whereas you defire to know how it fares with your Mutter, I muff tell you, that like the glorious Sun,li£ isfiill in ills own Orb, though clowdedfor a time that he cannot fljoot the beams of Majeftie with that lufire he was wont to do: never did Cavalier wooe fair Lady as he wooes the Parlement to a peace ’th much the Head fiiould fottoop to the Members. Krewell my noble frend, cheer up, and referve your felf for better dayes; take our royal Matter foryour pattern,who for his longanimitie, patience, courage and conttancie is admir’d of all the world, and in a pattive way of fortitude hathout-gon all the nine Worthies. If the Cedar be fo weather-beaten,we poor (hrubs mutt not murmure to bear part of the ttorm-Jbavehadmy fhare and I know you want not yours: The Stars may change their Af- - pcfts,and we may live to fee the Sunagain in his full Meridiantin the interim com whatcom will, I am Fleet, 3. Feb. Entirely yours'. 164 6 . J. H. — LXXIX. I ~~ To Sir K. Di nt Rome. SIR, HpHcugh you know well, that in the carriage and cours of my it rambling life, I had occafion to be as the Dutchman faith, a Landloper, and to fee much of the world abroad, yet methinks I. have travell’d more fince I have bin immur’d and martyr’d’twixc thefe walls than ever I did hefore, for I have travelled the Ijle of Man,l mean this little world,which I have carried about me and within me fo many years, for as the wifeft of Pagan Philofophers (aid,that the greateft learning was the knowledge of ones felf, to be his own Geometrician : If one do fo, he need not gad a- broad to fee fattiions, he ttiall find enough at home, he (hall hourly meet with new fancies, new humors, new paflions within doors. 1 This travelling o’re of ones felf,is one of the paths (hat leads* man to Paradife, it is true, that ’tis a dirty and dangerous one, 1 for it is thick fet with extravagant defires,irregu’ar affeftions and concupifcences, which are but odd Comerads, and oftentimes B b 4 do 392 Familiar Letters. Vol.'i , do lie in ambufli to cut our throats, ther are alfo fom melancho¬ ly companions in the way, which are out rhroughts but they .turn many times to be good fellows, and the bed company; which makes me, that among theft dil'confolac walls, I am never Idle alone .than when I am alone, I am nfr-rimes/o/e, but fel Jom folitary : fom thereare, who.are over-pertered withrhefecom¬ panions. 3rd have coo much mind for their bodies, but I am none of thofe. Thcr have been (fince you (hook hands with England) many flrange tilings happened here,svhich polierity rnuft have a rtrong faith to believe; but for my parr I wo tier not at anything, I have feen fuch monftrous things: you know ther is nothing that can be cafual, ther is no fuccefs good or bad, but is contin¬ gent to man fomtimes or other, nor ..re there any contingencies prefent or future,but they have their parellete from time palled: tor the great wheel of Fortum, upon whofe Fun (as the twelve ftgns upon the Zodiac) all vvmlnly chances are embofs’d,.turns round perpetually,and the fpoltes of that viiecl, which points at allhuman Aftions, return exaftlyro’hc f me place after fucha time of revolution; which makes me iittle marvel at any of the flrange tranverfes of thefe deftrifti-d times, in regard ther hath been the like, or fuch like formerly: if the Lnmgy isnowfup- . prefs’d,the Miffahtxi rile R ..man Breviary was us'd lorn hundred years face: If Croff:s,Church-W:ndows. Organs, and Fonts are now battered down,I little wonder at it,for Cbappels, monafteries,Her¬ mitages, Nunneries, sndotber Religious Houfes were us’d fo in the time of old King Henry ; If Bifbops and Deans are now in dan- ger tobpdtmolifhed, I little wonder at it, lor Abbots, Priors, and the Pope him ft If I’ad that fortune here, an age (ince; That ' our King is reduc’d ro this palfe. I do not much wonder at i:,for thefirrt time I tr«veil’d France,Lewis the thirtcenth(aftervvards amort triumphant King as e.ver that Countrey had) in a dange¬ rous civil War was brought to fuch rtraights, for he was brought to di pence with part of his Coronation Oath, to remove from hi; Court oj Juflice from the Counfel Table, from his very Bedcbatn- ler his greatert Favourits.- He was driven to be content to pay til; expener of die War, to reward thofe that took arms againrt him, and publifh a Declaration that the ground of their quarrel was good: which was the fame in effeft with ours,w?.A difeon- tjnuaGceof the Ailembly of the three Effaces, and that Spanijh Counfels did predominat in France. You know better than I, that all events, good or bad, come fiom the all-difpofing high Dti.y ofHeaven, if good, he produced) them: if bad , he permits them: He is - the Piloc that fits at the ’ ftern, Pol. g. ' Familiar Letters . • 393 ftern,and fleers the great Veffel of the World, and wemuflnot prefume to direft him in his cours, for he underftands the ufe of the Compas better than we: He commands alfo the winds and the weather, and after a dorm he never fails to fend us a calm and to recompence ill times with better, if we can live to fee them,which I pray you may do, whatfoevet bccomsof From t he Fleet, London Your Hill moft faithful bumble 3, Mir. jdfd. Servitor,J-H. LXXX. To SirK. D. at his ho ufe in Saint Martins Lane. SIR, T Hat Poem which you pleafed to approve of fo highly in a Manufcript, is now manumitted, and made free denizen of the World; Ithathgon from my Study to the Stall, from the Pen to the PreiTe, and I fend one of the maiden Copies herewith to attend you;’Twas your judgment,which all the world holds to be found and flerling; induced me hereunto, therefore, if therbe any, you are to bear your part of the blame. Bottom, a. Jan. Your tmjl entirely devoted, 1641! ’ Servitor. J.1A. To 394 Familiar Letters. Vol. 2 „ To the intelligent Reader. A Mongfr other reafons which make the Englifh Language of fo [mail extent, and put Grangers out of conceit to learn it,one is. That We do not pronounce move write, which proceeds from divers fuperfiums Letters, that occur In matt) of our words, which adds to the difficult) of the Language : Therfore the Author hath taken pains to retrctichjuch redundant,utitteceffary Letters in this U'orh(thoitgh the Printer hath not bin Jo careful as he (hould have biti)asWongfis mul¬ titudes of other words may appear in thefe fern,done, fome, come ; Which though wee,to whom the freed) is connatural, pronounce as tno- twfrllables yet when Grangers com to read them,they are apt to make them diffyllables, ns do-ne, fo~tr,c,co-mct,the,fore fitch at: e is fuper- floits., fffloreover, thofewerds that have the Latin for their original,the Author prefers that Orthography,rather then the French,ir herb) di¬ vers letters are fr nr d,as Phyiic,Logic,Afric,n!it Pliyfique,I.ogiqne, Afriquejfavor,honor, labor, not favour,honour,labour, and very ma¬ ny more.jts alfo htmits the Dutch k, in moff words, here you fhall read pTepIe, not pe-ople, trefure, not treafure,toung, not ton-guc, ■ ^c.Parlcmenrrof Parliament, bnfines, witnes, ficknes, nofbufi- nefTe, witnefie, fickndTefrar, war, far, not jlarrc, war re, farre, and multitudes of fuel) words, wherin the two Lift Letters may well befrw'dtr’ereyoufhallalfo read pity,piety,witty,not piti-e,pieti-e, wirti-e, as Grangers at ftrfl fight pronounce them, and abundance of fucb like words. The new Academy of wits call'd\' Academic de beaux efprits, which the late Cardinal de Richelieu founded in Paris, is now in hand to rrform the F reach Language in this particular , and to weed it of all ftiperfhms Letters,which ma (yes f/wToung differ fo much from the Pen, that they have expos'd themflves to this contumelious Proverb, The Frenchman doth neither pronounce as he writes, nor fpeak as he thinks, nor fing as he pricks. Ariftotle hath a topic Axiom, that Frufira fic per p!ura,cjuod fi¬ eriporeft per pauciora,When fewer may fervethe turn, more is in vain. And as this rule holds in all things els.fi it may be very well obferv'din Orthography . A THIRD 395 Vol.3. A THI'H'D VOIVME O F Familiar LETTERS, Of a frejber Date. i. To the R. H. Ed. Earl of DovfetfLo.Chamberlain of his Majejlies Houftoldfk.c.f at Knowles. M) Lin'd, H Aving fo advantageous a hand as Doftor S. Turner, I am bold to fend your Lordfliip a new Trad of French Philofophy, call’d L’ufage dc-Paflions, which is cry- ed up to be a choice peecc, It is a Morall Difcours of the right ufeof Pnffions, the Conduit whereof as it is the principal Employment of Virtujo the Conquest of them is thedifficultft part ol Paler : To l^now ones felf is much, but to conquer ones felf is more; We need not pick quarrels and feek enemies without doors.we have too many Inmates at home to exercife our Prow¬ ers upon, and ther is no man let him have his humors never fo well ballane’d, and in fubjeftion unto him, but like Mufcovin wives, they will oftentimes infuit, unlefs they be check’d ,yet we filould make them our Servants, notour Slaves. Touching the occurrences of the times, fmcc the King was fnatch’d away from tiieParlement, the Army they fay, ufe him with more civillity andfreedom, butfor the main work ofreftoring him, he is yet, as one may fay, but Tantalis'd being brought often within the fight: 39 6 Familiar Letters. Vol 3J figlit of London and fo off again ; ther are hopes that fomthing will be don to his advantage fpeedily;bccaufe the Gregarian Sol¬ diers and grofsofthe army is wellaffefted to him.though fomof theebeifeft Commanders be dill averfe. For forren News, they fay St. Murk, bears up fioutlyagainfi Mahomet boxbby land and fea: In Dalmatia he hath of late fha- ken him by the Tuiban iil-favouredly j I could heartily wlfli that our Army heer were ther to help the and combat the Common enemy, for then one might be fure to dye in the bed of Honor.The commotions in Sicily are qualh’d, but thofe of Naples increafr, and ’tis like to be a more raging and voracious fire than Vf}uvnu;ot any of the fulplnirious Mountains about her did ever belch our: The Catalan and Portugitesp bait the Spaniard on both fides, but the firft hath /Lrewder teeth than the other,, and the FiCik-h and Hollander find him work in Flanders. And now, my lord t o take ali Nations in a lump, I think God Almighty hath Eq irrei lately with all Man-kind, andgiventhe reinesrothe ill Spirit to compifs the vvhole earth, for within thefe twelve years ther have die firangeft revolutions,and horridfi things happen’d not only in £»/vf>e,butall the world over, that have befallen man¬ kind, I dare boldly fay, fince Adam fell, info fhorta revolution of time: Ther is a kind of popular Planet reigns every where: f will begin with the hotteft parts, with Afrit, wher the Emperor of Ethiopia (with two of his Sons) was encountred and kill’d in open field by the Groom of his Camells and Dromedaries, who had Jeavied an army out of the dreggs of the pecple againft him, and is like to hold that ancient Empire in Aft a. ibtTartar broke o’re the four hundred mil’d wall, and rufh’d into the heart of China, ns far as Quiimpay, and beleager’d the very pa'aceofthe Emperor, who ramer then to becom Captif to the bafe Tartar burn: hisCafile, and did make away himfelfhis thirty wives and children,the great Tarb hath been lately firangled in the Seraglio, his own houfe: The Emperor of Mofcovia going in a folcmn Pro- cefiTton upon the Sabbath day, the rabble broke in knocked down and cut in pecces d: vers of his chiefefi CounfeHors,Favorites,and Officers before his face, and draggingtheir bodies to the Market¬ place, their heads where chopp’d off, thrown in to VefTels of hot water, and fo fee upoD Poles to burn more bright before the Courr gate : In Naples a common fruterer hath raifed fuch an Infurreftion, that they fay above < 5 o'M. have bin fiain already up¬ on the fireets of that City alone : Catalonia and Portugall have quite revolted from Spain. Your Lordfhip know what knocks have been kwixt the Pope and Parma : The Pole and the Cofacfi are hard at it, Venice wraftlech with the Turk, and is like to lofc ln>r y 0 l, 5. Familiar LeMer/. 397 her Maiden head unto hitn,un!efs other Chriflian Princes look to it in time: and touching thefe three Kingdoms, ther’s none more capable than your Lordfhipto judge what monflrous things have happend; fo that it feems the whole earth is offthe hinges; and (which is the more wonderful.) all thefe prodigious paflages have fallen out in leffe than the compafsof 12 yeers. Bur now that all the world is together by the eares, the States of Hall. would be buiet, for advice is com that the peace is concluded, and eter- changably ratified ’cwixt them and Spain,hm rhey defer the pub- Iifiiiog of it yet, till they have collected all the Contribution mo- nev for the Army: The Spaniard hopes that one day this Peace may tend to his advantage more than all his Wars have don thefe fourfcore yeers,relying upon the old Prophecie Mane triumph abit Batavia, Pace perilis. Tire King of Denmarbjmh buried lately his elded Son Chrifli- tm, fo that he hath now but one living, viz. erferr^who is Arch- Bifhop of Breme, and is fhortly to be King Eleft- My Lord, this Letter tuns upon Univerfalis, became I know your Lord (hip hath a public great foul, and a fpacious undeman¬ ding, which comprehends the whole world, fo in a due polture of humilility I ki fs your hands, being My Lord, From the Fleet, Tmr mojf obedient and this 20 of fan, moft faithful Servitor, 1646. ]■ H. II. To Mr. En. P. at Paris. sir , S ince we are both agreed to truck Intelligence and that you are contented to barter French for Englifh, I fhall be careful) to fend you hence from time to time the currented and moddaple fluff I can find, with weight.and good meafure to boot; I know in that more fubtillair of yours t infell fometimes paPfcs for tijfue, Venice Beads for Pearl, and Demicaders for Bevers; But I know you have fo difcerning a judgement, that you will not fuffer your felf to be fo cheated, they mud rife betimes that can put tricks upon you, and make you take femblauces for realiries,probabilities for certainties, or fpurious for true things; To hold this litteral correfpondence I deiire but the parings of your time that you say hare fomthing to do,when you liaveudthing els to do,while I make 298 Familiar Letters. Volq, Imakeabufmesofittobepun&uall in my anfvers to you, Jet our Letters be as Eccho’s,let them bound back and make mutual repercuflions, I know you that breath upon the Continent have cleerer ecchoes there, witnes that in xheTivilfaies, I'pccially that atCbareuton Bridge, which quavers and renders the voice ten times when ’tis open Weather,and it were a virtuous curiofity to try it. For news,the world is heer turn’d upfide down,and it hath bin long a going fo, you know a good while fince we have had lea¬ ther Caps, and Bever Jhooes, but now the Arms arc com to be leggs, for Eifhops Laun-fleeves are worn for Eoor-hofe tops; the waft Is com to the knee,for the Points that wereufed to be about the middle are now dangling there; Bootes and fhoes are fo long fnouted that one can hardly kneel in Gods Houfc, ’..here aU Ge¬ nuflexion and Poftures of devotion and decency ar: quite out of ufcrThe Devil may walk freelyupand down theftreetsof Lin¬ den now, for ther is not a Crolfc to fright him any wher, and it feems he was never fo bufie in any Country upon earth, for ther have been more witches Arraign’d and Executed hcer lately than ever were in this Ifland fince the Creation. I have no more to communicate unto you at this time, and this is too much unlefs it were bette.r;God Almighty fend us patience, you in your Bani/hment, me, in my Captivity, and give us Hea¬ ven for ourlaft Countrey, wher Defires turn to Fruition, Doubts to Certitudes, and dark Thoughts to cleer Contemplations: Truly, my dear Don Antonia, as the times are. I take little con¬ tentment to live among the Elements, and (wer it my Makers pleafure} I could willingly, hadr quit fcorcs with the World, make my laft account with Nature, and return this fmall fkinful of Bones to my common Mother; If I chance to do fo before you, I love you fo entirely well that my Spirit fhall vifit you, to bring you fom tidings from the othe World; and if you precede me, I fhall expeft the like from you, which you may do without af¬ frighting me, for I know your Spirit will be a bomu Omiu. So defiring to know what’s becom of my Manuicript, I kifs your hands,and reft moft pallionately The Fleet, 20 Feb, Tour faithful Servitor .?. H, III. T» Vol 3> Familiar Letters. 39 c, III. ToMeftcrW.B. s r r, T Had yours of the la fi week, and by reafon of fom fudden en- icombranccs I could not correfpond with you by that Carrier: As for your debte to know the redigree and fil'd rife of thofe we call Presbyterians, I hud that your motion hail) as much of Piety as Curiofity in it, but I mud tell you Visa fuby.ft fitter fora Treatife then a Letter, yet I will endeavour to latisfic you in foniepart. Touching the word np^vr^Q-, it is as ancient ssChriftia- nityit felf and every Church-man coropleatcd in hoiy Orders was called Presfyier, as being the chcifcd name of the Fundion, and fo disus’d in all Churches both Eaflern and Occidental to this day: We by contraction ca 1 ! him Pried, fo that all Bifhops and Arch-Bifhops are Priefts though not vice verfa : Tliefeholy Tides ofBiihop and Pried are now grown odious among fuch poorSciolifts who fcarcc- know the Hoties of things,becaufe they favor of Antiquity : Though their Minifter that officials in their Church be the fame thing as Pricji, and their Superintendent the fame thing as Bijhop : but becaufe they are lovers of novelties, they change old Greelg words for new Latins ones.The fird broa- clierof the Presbyterian Religion, and made it differ from that of R.ome and Luther , was Calvin ; who being once baniflied Geneva, was revok’d, at which time he no Ids petulantly than prophanely applynd to himfelf that Text of the Holy Prophet which was meant of Chriir, The flees which the Builders refufed is made the head June of the corner, &c. Thus Geneva Lake fwal- lovvcd up the Epifeopal ■> 'Cn d L nds were made fecu- lar, which was the white they levell’d at. This Geneva Bird flew ihencc to France and hatch’d the Huguenots, which make about the tenth part of that people; it took wing alfo to Bohemia and German)- high and low,as the Palatinats,t\tc land of HeJJc,end the Confederac Provinces of the States oi Holland, whence it took flight m Sc,-aland and England: It took fird footing in Scotland, wlif n King James was a child in his Cradle,but when he came to underdand himfelf,and was manumitted from Buchanan he grew cold in it,and being com to England be utterly difclaiffl’d it, ter¬ ming it in a public Speech of his to the Parliament a Sell rather than a ReligicnXo this Seft may be imputed all the feifiures that have happen’d in Chridianity, with mofr of the Wars that have lacerated poor Europe c' T er fmcc,and it may be called the fourcc c‘ ti:c civil diffractions that now afflict this poor Ifland. 400 Familiar Letters. Vol .3, Thus have I endeavoured to fulfil your defires in part, I /ball enlarge my felf further when I/hall be made happy with your converfation here, till when, and alwaics, I reft Tour mod affelfionat to love From the Fleet, this andferve you, 29.of NoveWw\6^j, j. H. IV. To Sir J. S. Knight at Rouen. SIR, O F all the blelfings that ever dropt down from Heaven up¬ on Man, that of his Redemption may be call’d the blefling paramont; and of allthofe comforts, and exercifesof devoti¬ on which attend that blelfing, the Eucbarift or holy Sacrament may claim the prime place 5 but as thcr is Devotion, fo tiler is Dan¬ ger in’t, and that in the higbeft degree, ’tis rank poifon to Com, though a moft fovereign cordial toothers, ad modum recipients, as the Schoolmen fay, whither they take pattern Dominum, as the Roman Catholic, or pattern Domini, as the Reformed Chut chest, The Bee and the Spider fuck honey and poifon out of one Flower: This, Sir, you have divinely exprtiled in the Poem you pleas’d to fend me upon this fubjeft, and wheras you feem to wooe my Mufe to fuch a task, fomthing you may fee fhe hath don in pure obedience only to your commands. Upon the holy Sacrament. Hail Holy Satrament, TheWorlds great Wonderment, Myfferiottt Banquet, much more rare Then Manna, or the Angels fare, Each crumm, though Sinners on Thee feed, Doth Cleopatra’s Perl exceed: Oh how my lou\ doth hunger, third, and pine After thefe Cates fo precious fo divine J , 2. Shee need not bring her flool As fom unbidden fool ; The Mafter of this heavenly Feafl Invites and wooes her for his Gueft, Though W. 3. Familiar Letter /. i$-Oi I Though do (if and lame, forlorn and blind , i Tit welcom heer-floee'sfure to find. ' So t but flue bring a Vtflmentfsr the day, ] And her old tatter'd rags throw quite away. ' ?• •. ! This is Eethfaida’s Pool 5 That can both clenfe andcool Poor leprous and difeafedfouls, ■ An Angel heer keeps andcontrouls. Defending gently Jrom the Heavens above Toftir the Waters, may he alfo move My mind, and rockie heart f ftriflc and rend, That tears may thence gufli out with them to blend This morning Fancy drew on another towards the Evening ' as followeth. As to the Pole the Lilli bends In a Sea-compafs, and fill tends ' By a Magnetic Myflery ‘Unto the Artie point in slfle. Wherby the wandring Piloteer His cour sin gloomy nights doth fleer, 2 So the /maWNeedle of my heart Mov’s to her Maker, who doth dart Attomes of love, and fo at trails All my AffeShns,which like Sparks Fly up, and guide my foul by this '■ 1 To the true centre of her blifs. • As one Taper lightneth another, fo were my fpirits enlighned • and heated by your late Meditations in this kind; and well fare your foul with all her faculties for them, I find you have a great care of her, and of the main chance. Free quo quifquilistcater a. You fhall hear further from me within a few days, in the interim be pleas’d to referve ftill in your thoughts fom little room for From the Fleet, Tour moft entirely affeflionat 10 of Decemb. Servitor, " i«47« • J.H, C c V. To 402 Familiar Letters, Vol. g, V. To Mr.T.W.at P.Cafile. My precious Tom, H E is the happy man who can fquare hit mind to hit means,ani fit his fancy to his fortune ■, He who hath a competency to live in the port of a Gentleman, and as he is free from being a head Confia- ble, jo he cares not for being a Jufiice of Peace or Sheriff ; He who is before-hand with the world, and when he corns to London can whet his knife at the Counter gate, and needs not trudg either to a Lawyers fiudy, or Scrivenersfhop, to pay fee or fquee ^ wax, ’tis conceit chiefly that gives contentment, and he is happy who thinks himfeljfi in any condition,though behave but enough to keep the Wolf from the door: Opinion is that great Ladywhich fways the world, and ac¬ cording to the imprefftons fhe makes in the mind, renders one content¬ ed or difeontented. Now touching opinion, fo various are the intel- leSuals of human creatures, that one can hardly find out two wk jump pat in one: Witnes that Monfierin Scotland in James tie gths. reign, with two heads one .oppofit to the other, and having but one bul{ of body throughout, thefe two heads would often fall into altercations pro & con one with the other, and feldom were they of one opinion, but they would knock, one againfi the other in eager diffuses ; which fhews that the judgment is feated in the animal parts, not in the vital which are lodg'd in the heart. We are Hill in a turbulent fea of difir atlions, nor as far as I fee it tkeryet any fight of (Jwe.Mr.TM. hath bad a great lojs at Sea. late¬ ly, which I fear will light heavily upon him : when Iconfider his cafe, J may fay that as the Philofopher made a queftion whether the Mari¬ ner be to be ranked among the number of the living or dead C being but four inches difiantjrom drowning, only the thic\nefs of a plank) i> ’/« a doubt whether the Merchant adventurer be to be numbredtwixt the rich or the poor, hisefiate being in the metcyof that devouring element the Sea, which hath fo good a fiomack. that he feldom cafts up what he hath once fwallowed. ThisCityhath bred of late yeers men of monfirotss firange opinions, that as all other rich places befides,fl:e may be compar'dto a fat Cheefe which is mefi fubjebl to ingender rna- gets.God amend all, and mefirft, who am . Tours mosi faithfully Fleet, this St. toferveyou, Tho.day. J.H. VI f Vo!. 3. familiar Letters. ! vr. [ To Mr. W.Blois. My worthy ejfeemed Nephew, I Received thofe rich Nuptial favours you appointed me for band5 and hnr, which I wear with very much contentment and refpeU trnfl heartily wifhing that this late double condition may multiply new Utffwgs uponyou, that it may ujher in fair and golden daies, accord- ing to the colour andfubftance of your bridall riband, that thofe daies may be perfum'd with delight and pleafure, at the rich fented gloves I wear for your fake ; May fuel) benedilfions attendyou both,as.the E- pithalamiumsof Stella in Statius, WJulia in Catullus^e/ii^o/; { hope alfo to be marriedfhortly to a Lady whom I have wooed above thefe five years,but I have found her coy and dainty hitherto, yet I am now like to'get her good will inpart, 1 mean the Lady Liberty. When you fee my N- Brotvnrigg, I pray tell him that I did not tiling Suffolk waters hadJuch a lethxon quality in them', astocaufe fitch an atnneflia in him of hisfiends here upon the Thames among whom for reality and ferioufnefs I may march among the foremoft, but l im¬ pute it to fom.new task, that his Mufe might haply impofe upon him, which hath ingrofs'd all hit fpeculations-, 1 prayprefent my cordial kind refpeNs unto him. So praying that a thoufand bliffesmay attend this confarreation , I reft my dear Nephew Yours moft affeftionarely to From the Fleet this love and ferve you, 20 of March, 1647. J* H. VII. To Henry Hopkins, Efy sir, ' T O Vfjier in again old Janus ,/fend you a parcel of Indian perfume which the Spaniard calls the Holy herb, hi regard oj the vari¬ ous virtues it hath, but we call it Tobacco, I will nor fay it grew un¬ der the King oj Spains window,bttt J am told it was gather'd near his Gold-Mines of Potofi.(w/;er they report .that in font places ther is more of that oar than earth) ther fore it muft needs be precious fluff: If moderately and feafonably taken, (aslftndyou alw aye s do)) is good jor many things, it helps digeftion taken a while after meat, it makes one void rbeume, break.wind,and keeps the body open : A lea) or two bring fteept ore night in a little white wine is a vomit that never Jails C c a -m 404 Familiar Utters.' Vol.%, inits operation : It it a good companion to one that converfetb with dead men, for if one bath bin poring long Upon a bool "v, or it toil'l with the pen, and (luffed with fudy,it quickiteth him, and difpcls thofe clouds that ufually o'refet the brain. The fmoa\ofit is one of the wbolfomeft ferns that is, again ft all contagions airs, for it o'remafleri all other jmells, as King James they fay found true, when being once a hunting, afiowrofraindrave him into a Pigfty for flielter, whet he caus'd a pipe full to betaken of purpofe: It cannot endure a-Spider, or a Flea, with fuel) like vermin, and ifyour Hawh.be troubled with anyfuch, being blown into his feathers it frees him ; It it good to for- tifie and prefer ve the fight, the fomal^betng let in round about the built of the eyes once a weeh,andfrees them from all rbeumes, driving them back by way of repercujfton ; being taken backward'tis excellent gal againfl the Cholick , and taken into the ftomach'twill heat andcleanf. it ; for I could inftance in a great Lord (my Lord of Sunderland, Pref dtnt of York) who told me, that he taking it downward into bit ftomach, it made him cafl up an impofthume, bag and all, which hal bin a long time engendringout of a bruife he had receiv'd at football , andfo'preferv'd his life for many years. Now to defeendfiom the fubflance of the fmoall, to the afhet. 'tie well known that theritedid- tialvirtues thereof are very many ; but they are fo common,that I will fpare the inferting of them here: But if one would try a pretty concluft- cn how much fmoak.ther it in a pound of Tobacco, the after will tell him-, for let a pound be exallly weighed, and the after kept chat'll; and weigh'd afterwards, what wants of a pound weight in the afm cannot be deniedtohave bin fmoak.whicb evaporated into air ; Ihavi bin told that Sir Walter Rawleigh won a wager of Queen Elizabeth upon this nicity. Tie Spaniards and Irifh take it mo fin powder orfmutchin, ad it mightily refiefhes the brain, and I believe ttier's as much taken tbit way in Ireland, as ther is inpipes in England; one (ball commonly fit thefetving maid upon the wafting block.,and the Swain upon the plow- fiare,when they over tir'd with labour , take out their boxe r of font- chin and draw it into their nofirils with a quill,and it will beget new fpirit sin them with afrefli vigour to fall to their work.again. In Bar- bary and other parts of Afric 'tit wonderful what a fmall pill of ft- bacco will do ; for thofe who ufe to ride po ft through the fandy departs , wher they meet not with any thing that's potable or edible, fomtitmt three days together, they ufe to carry fmall balls or pills of Tobaca, which being put under the mng, it affords them aperfetual moyfutt, and takes off theedge of the appetite for fomdayes. Vol.%. Familiar Letters. 405 If you defire to rend with pleafure all the virtues of tbit modern Herb, you muftread Dodor Thorius potologis, an accuratepeece couch'd in a Strenuous heroic verfefull of matter, and continuing its jlrengtb fromfrft to tail', Infomitch that for the bignes it may be com¬ par'd to any peece of antiquity , and in my opinion it beyond (tarpMO- utcaee/jaior yahiajMO[Au.yU- _ . So 1 conclude thefe rambling notions, prefuming you will accept this fmall argument of my great refpeds unto you ; If you want paper to light your pipe,this Letter may ferve the turn:, and if it be true what the Poets frequently fmg, that affeftion is fire, you jhallneed no other than the deer fumes of the Donor's love to make ignition, which is comprehended in this Diftich, Ignis Amor fi fit, Tobaccum accendere noftrum, Nulla petenda tibi fax nifi Dantis Amor. if Love be fire, to light this Indian weed, The Donor's Love of fire may ftand infteed. So I w’fhyou as to my felf a ' mofl happy newyeer ; may the begin¬ ning be good,the middle better,and the end bed of all, 1 January, Your moil: faithful and truly 1546. affeftionat fervant, J. H- VIII. To the Eight Honorable my Lore) of D. My Lord, T He fubjeft of this Letter may peradventure feem a Paradox to fom, but not, I know, to your Lordfiiip, when you have pleas’d to weigh well the reafons: Learning is a thing that hath bin much cryed up,and coveted in all ages, fpecially in this laft century ofyeers, by peeple of allforts,though never fo mean and mechanical; every man ftraiiis his fortunes to keep his children a: School, theCobler will clout ic till midnight, the Porter will carry burthens till his bones crack again, t he Ploughman will pinch both back and belly to give his fon learning ; and I find that this ambition reigns nowherfo much as in this Ifland. Blun¬ der favor, this word learning is taken in a narrower fence among us than among other Nations, we feem to refirain it onely to theBao^, wheras indeed, any artifan whatfoe ver (if he know the feeret and my fiery of his Trade) may be call’d a learned man: A good Mafon,z good Shoemaker that can manage Saint Crifpins lance handfomly, a fkillful Teaman, p good Shipwright, ftc. may 40 6 Familiar Letters. Vol.%, be all call’d learned men,and indeed the ufcfulleft fort of learned men, for without the two firft, we might go barefoot, and Iy ( abroad asbeafts, having no other canopy than the wild air, and without the two lafi we might ftarve for bread .have no connnerci with other Nations, or ever be able to tread upon a Continent: thefe with fuch like dextrous Arrifans may be rearmed learnec men, and the more behoovefull for the lubfiftence cf a Counttj than thofe Polymathifts,t\mf]und poring all day in a corner upot a moth earen Author, and converfe only with dead men; Tlit Chinefes (who are the next neighbours to the riling on this pan of the Hemifphere, and confcqucntly theacuteftj have a who!, fom peece of policy, that the [on is alwaies of the fathers Trait, and ’cfs all the learning he aimes at,which makes them admirabli artifans, forbefidesthedextroufnesand propenfity of the child, being defeended lineally from fo many of the fame trade, the fa ther is more carefull to inftruft him, and to difeover unto him at the Myftery therofjthis generall cuftom or law, keeps their heads from running at random after book learning and other vocations, I have read a tale of Rob.Groflhead Bifhop of Lincoln, that being com to his greatnes he had a brother who was a hufb 3 ndman,and expefted great matters from him in point of preferment, but tht Bifhop told him, that if he wanted money to mend his plow oi his Cart, or cobuy tackllngs for his horfes with other things be¬ longing to his hufbandry, he fhould not want what was fitting; but he wifh'd him to aim no higher, for a husbandman he found him, find a husbandman he would leave him. The extravagant humor of our Countrcy is not to be altoge¬ ther commended, that all men fhould afpire to book learning; Ther isnota.fimpleranimall, and a more fupertiuous membei of a State, than a meer Scholer, than a only felf pleafing ftudem, he is, .- Tellurishutilepondfts. The Goths forbore to deftroy the libraries of the Greeks and Italians^ becaufe books fhould keep them ftill foft, fimple or too cautions in warlike affairs, Archimedes though an excellent En¬ gineer when Syracufa was loft, was found at his book in his fiudy, intoxicated with fpecularions; who would not have thought ano¬ ther great learned Philofophertobea fool or frantic,when being in a bath he leap’d out naked among the people and cried, Ihavt found it, I have found it, having hit then upon an extraordinary conclufion in Geometry ? Ther is a famous tale of Tima Aquinas , the Angelical! Doftor , and of Bonadventure tht Seraphicall Doftor, of whom Alex. Hales (our Countreyman and his Mafter) reports whether it appear’d not in him that Voh 3. Familiar Letters. 407 Aim had (inn’d: Both theft great Clerks being invited to dinner by the French King,of purpofe to obferve their humors, and be¬ ing brought to the room where the table was layed,the firft fell a eating ofbreadashard as he could drive, at lad breaking out of a brown (ludy, he cryed out, Conclufum eft cam a Maniclms, The other fell a gazing upon the Queen, and the King asking him how he lik’d her, he anfwered.Oh Si r, i/ an earthly Queen he fo beautiful, what fliall we thinly of the Queen of Heaven? The later was the better Courtier of the two. Hence we may infer, that your meer book-men, your deep Clerks, whom we call the only learned men, are not alwaies rhe civillcft or the heft moral men, nor is too great a number of them convenient for any (late, leading a foft fedencary life,fpecially thofewho feed their own fancies only upon the public (lock, Therfore it were to be wi(h’d that ther raign’d not among the people of this land fuch a gene¬ ral itching after book-learning,and I believe fo rmnyfree-Schools do rather hurt than good : nor did the Art of Printing much avail the Chriflian Commonwealth, bat may befaid to be well near as fatal as gunpowder, which came up in the fame age; For, under correction, to this may be partly aferib’d that fpititua! pride, that variety of DogmatKls which (warm among us : Add hereunto that the exceflive number of thofe which convers only with Books, andwhofe profefiion confifls in them, is fuch, that one cannot live for another, according to the dignity of the cal¬ ling •, A Phylician cannot live for the Phyficians, a Lawyer^civil and common Jcannot live for Lawyers, nor a Divine for Divines, Moreover,the Multitudes that profefs thefe three befi vocations, fpecially the Isft make them of far Ieffe edeem. Ther is an odd opinion among us, that he who is a contemplative man, a man who wedds himfelf to his (ludy, and fwallows many books, mud needs be a profound Scholler, and a great learned man, though in reality he be fuch adolc that he hath neithera retentive faculty to keep what he hath read,nor wit to make any ufeful applicati- i on of it in common difeours, what he draws in lyeth upon dead lees,and never grows fic to be broach’d: Eefides, he may want judgement in the choice of his Authors, and knows not how to turn his hand either in weighing or winnowing the founded opi¬ nions: Therare divers who are cryed up for great Clerks, who want diferetion. Others though they wade deep into the caufes and knowledg of things, yet they are fubjeft ro feme up their wits,and foar fo high, that they lofe themfelvcs in their own fpe- culations,for thinking to tranfeend the ordinary pitch of reafon, they com to involve the common principles of Philofophy in a miftjinfted ofilludrating things they render them more obfeure. 408 Familiar Letters. Vol. 3, infiead of a plainer and fliorter way to the palace of knowledge, they lead us through bryery odd uncouth paths, and fo fall into the fallacy call’d mum per igr.otm. Som have the h:p to be tearm’d learned men.though they have gathered up but the feraps ofknowledgheer and there, though they be but 1'matterers and meer feiolifts Pearce knowing tlv- Hoiks of things .yet like empty casks, if they can make a found, and have a gift to vent with con¬ fidence what they have fuck’d in, they are accounted great fchol. Iers.Amongft all book learned men, except the Divine, to whom all learned menfhould be laquays, the Philofopher who hath waded through all the Mathematiques, who hath div’d into the fecrets of the elementary wor!d,and converfeth alfo with celefti- al bodies, may be tearmed a learned man; the critical Hijhrian and Antiquary may be call’d alfo a learned man, who hath con¬ vers’d with our forefathers, and obferv’d the carriage and con¬ tingencies of matters pafs’d, whence he draws infiances and cau¬ tions for tiie benefit of the Times lie Jives in: The Civilian may be call’d Iikewife a learned man if the revolving of huge volums may enritleone fo, but touching the Authors of the Common Law, which is peculiar only to this Meridian, they may be all carryed in a wheelbarrow, as my Countrey man Dr. Gwin told Judge Finch •. The Phyfician muft needs be a learned man, for lie knows him- felf inward and outward being well vers’d in Autolog)' t in that lef- fon Nofce Teipfum-,and as Adrian the fixt faid, he is very neceffary to a populous Country, for were it not for the Pkyfitian, men wouli live fo long and grow fo tb'tckj that one could not live for the other, atil be makes the earth cover all kit faults. But what Dr. Guyn faid of the common law-books, and Pope Adrian ofthe Phyfician, was fpoken,I conceive,in merriment;for my part, I honour thofe two worthy profeflions in a high degree, Laftly, apolygot, or good linguift may be alfo term’d a ufeful lear¬ ned man, fpecially if vers’d in School-languages. My Lord, I know none of this age more capable to fit in the Chair, and cenfure what is true learning,and what not,then your felf, therforemfpeakiagofthisfubje&toyour Lordfhip, I fear to have committed the fame error,as Phormio did in difeourfing of War before Hannibal• No more now, but that I am, My Lord, Tour mofl humble and obedient Servant, J.H. 1 $ Familiar Letters. Vol. 3. 409 IX. To Dottor. J.D. SIR, T Have many forts of Civilities to thank you for, but among the .1 reft,I thank you a thoufand thimesfewice told) for that delight¬ ful! fit of Society, and conference of Notes we had lately in this little F/ter-Cabin ofmine upon divers Problems, and upon fom which are exploded fand that by thofe who feem to fwgy mofl in the Common-wealth of Learning)- for Paradoxes meerlybyan implicit faith without diving at all into the reafons of the AlTer- tors: And wheras you promifed a further expreffion of your felf byway of a Difcourfive Letter what you thought of Copernicus opinion touching the'movement of the earth,which hath fo ftirr’d all our modern wits: And whereof Sir J. Brown plcafed to oblige himfclf to do the like touching the Philofophers ftone, the pow¬ der of projeftion,and potable gold,provided that I would do the fame concerning a peepled Country, and a fpecies of moving crea¬ tures in the concave of the Moon,which I willingly undertook up¬ on thofe conditions. To acquit my felf of this obligation, and to draw on your performances thefooner, I have adventured to fend you thisfollovvingDifcourft(fuch as it isjtouching the Lunary World. I believe ’tis a Principle which not many will offer to controvert, tli.it as Antiquity cannot privtkdg an Error, fo Novelty cannot preju¬ dice Truth: Now, Truth hath her degres of growing and expan¬ ding her felf as all other things have, and as time begets her, fo he doth the obftecricious Office of a Midwife to bring her forth. Many truths are but Embryo’s orProbiemes, nay, fom of them feem to he mecr Paradoxes at firft : The opinion that rherwere Antipodes was exploded when it was firft broach’d, it was held ab- furdand ridiculous, and the thing it felf to be as impoffible as it was for men togo upon their heads,with their heels upwards,nay, kwas adjudg’d to be fo dangerous a Tenet, that you know well the Bifhops name who in the primitive Church was by fentence of condemnation fent out of this world without a Head to go and dwell amongft his Antipodes,becauk he firft hatch’d and held that opinion; But now our late Navigators, and Eaff-India Ma¬ riners, whoufc to croft the Equator and Tropiques to often, will tell you, That it is as grofs a Paradox to hold ther are no An¬ tipodes, and that the negative is now as abfurdas the affirmative feem'd at firft: For man to walk upon the Ocean when the Sur¬ ges were at the higheft. and to make a heavy dull pecce of wood 410 Familiar Letters . Vol. 3, tofwim, nay; fly upon the water was held as impoffilale a thing at firft, as it is now thought impolfibleforman to fly in the a ire', fails were held then as uncouth, as if one fliou!d attempt to make himfelf wings to mount up to heaven ala volte: Two hundred and odd veers agoe he would have been taken for fom frantic fool that would undertake to batter and blow up a Cartle with a few barrels ofa final! contemptible black powder. The great Architeft of the world hath been obferv’d not to throw down all gifts and knowledge to mankind confufedly at i once, but in a regular parfnnonious method, to difpcrfe them by certain degrees, periods, and progrefs of time, Icavingman to make indurtrious refoarches and inveftigarions after truth, He left the world'to the deputations ef men, asthewiftfl of men (kith,who in acquilition of natural truths went from the Hyfopeto the Ce¬ dar; One day certified) another, and one age reftifieth another; The morrow hath more experience than the precedent day, and is oft-times able to be his Schoolmafter; The Granchild laughs at fom things that were done in his Granfiers dayes: Infomtach that hence it may well be inferr’d, that natural human knowledg is not yet mounted to its Meridian, and higheft point of elevati¬ on.I confefs it cannot be denyed without grofs ingratitude, but tve are infinitely obliged to our fore fathers for the fundamentals of Sciences, and as the Herald hatha rule Mallem cum patribm, quameum Jratribus err are, I had rather erre with my Fathers than brothers , fo it holds in other kinds of knowIedge.But thofe times which we term vulgarly the old World, was indeed the youth or a- dolefcence of it,and though if refpeft be had to the particular and perfona! afts of generation, and to the relation of father and fon, they who fore-liv’d and preceded us may be called our Anceflors, yet if you go to the age of the world in general, and to the true length and longevity of things,We are more properly the older Cofmopolircs: In this refpeft the Cadet maybe term’d more ancient than his elder brother, becaufe the world was older when he entred into it. Moreover, befides Truth, Time hath alfo ano¬ ther daughter which is Experience, who holds in her hands the great Looking-glafs of Wifdom and Knowledg. j Butnow to the intended task, touching an habit able World,and a fperiesjof living Creatures in the Orb of the Moon, which may bear feme'analogic with thofe of this Elementary world ; Although it be not my purpofe to maintain and abfolutely affert this Problem yet I will fay,this,that whofoever cryeth it down for a new neote- r/crt/ofi/nio^asdivcrsdojcommita groffer error than the opinion SMy be in its own nature: For ’tis almoft as ancient as Philofo- - fol. 3. Familiar Letters. 411 phy her felf, I am fure, ’tis as old as Orphan, who lings of di¬ vers fair dries and Caflles, within the Circle of the Moon; Moreover the profoundeft Clerks and moll renowned Philofo- phers in all ages have affirmed it : Towards the firll Age oflear- ning,among others Pythagoras and Plato avouch’d it, the firll of wl oin was'pronounc’d the wifeft of men by the Pagan Oracle, asourSf'/'iwionisby ho J y Wrir. In the middle age of Learning Plutarch fpeaks of it, and in thefe modern times the mofl rptcu- lative and frientificaH’flmen, bothinGermiu p.'.t;-!ii'cunt ot all the red; To this haply may allude the old opinion that tlicr is a peculiar Intelligence which guides and governs every orb in Heaven. They that would thus colonize the ftarswith Inhabitants, do placein thebody of tlieStin, as was faid before, the pureft, the moft immaterial! and refined’fflntelleftuall creatures, whence the Almighty calls thofe he will have to be immediatly about his perfon, and to be admitted to the Hierarchy of Angels; This is far diifonant from the opinion of the Turk, who holds that the Sun Isa great burning globe defign’d for the damned. ' They who are tranfported with this high fpeculation that ther are manfions and habitable conveniences for creatures to live within the bodies of the Celeflial Orbs, feem to tax Man of a high prefumpuon that he fhould think all things were created principally for Him, that the Sun and Stars are ferviceable to him in chief, tomeafure his dales, to diflinguifh his feafons, to direft him in his navigations, and powr wholfom influences upon him. No doubt they were created to be partly ufefull and comforta¬ ble to him,but to imagine that they are folely and chiefly for him is a thought that may be faid to be above the pride of Lucifer : They may be benificiall unto him in the generation and encreafe of all Elementary creatures, and yet have peculiar inhabitants of their own befides, to concur with the reft of the world in the fervice of the Creator. ’Tis a fair prerogative for man to be Lord ofall Tsrnftri.il, Aquatic, and airie creatures; that with his har¬ ping Tron he can draw afhore the great Leviathan, that He can make the Camel and huge Dromedary to kneel unto him, and take up his burthen, That he can make the fierce Bull though ten times Vol.%. Familiar Letters. 415 times Wronger than himfelf to endure his yoke; that he can fetch down the Eagle Irom hisneft, with fuch priviled gesbut let him not prefume toofar in comparing himfelf with heavenly bodies, while he is no other thing than a, worm crawling upon thefurface of this Earth; Now the earth is the bafeft creature which God hath made, therfore ’tls call’d hisfootflool, and though fom take ic to be the Centre, yet it is the very fediment of the Elementary world, as they fay the Moon is ofthe Celeftial; ’tis the very fink of all corruption and frailty, which made Trifmegifi fay that terra tun mundw eji nequitia loan. The Earth, not the World is the feat ofwir.kedttefs; Andthough, ’tis true, fhe be fufceptible oflighr, yet the light terminats only in her fuperficies, being not able to enlighten any thing els, as the ftars can do. Thus have I proportionedmy fhort difcours.upon this fpacious problem to the fize of an Epiftle.I referve the fulnefs of my opi¬ nion in this point, till I receive yours touching Copemctu. It hath bin alwaies my praftice in the fearch and eventilation of natural verities, to keep to my felf a Philfophical freedom, as not to make any ones opinion fo tnagifterial and binding, but that I might be at liberty to recede from it upon more pregnant and powetfuil reafons. For as in Theological tenets’tis a rule, Uuicquid non defeendit a monte Scripture , eadem a uthoritate contem- nitur, qua aprobatur ; Whatfoever defeends not from the mount of holy Scripture, may be by the fame authority rejected as well as received : So in the difquifitions and winnowing of phyfical truths, Quicquid non defeendit a monte Rationk, djc. Whatfoever defeends not from the mount of Reafon, may be as well rejected as approved of. Solonging after an opportunity topurfue this point by mixture of oral difeours,which hath more elbow room than a letter; I reft with all candor and cordial affeftion, Fleet, this 2. of Novem. Tour faithful fervant, ^47. _ ' _ J-H- X. To the right Honourable the La, E. D. Madam, T Hofe rays of goodnes which are diffufedly fcatter’d in others, are all concentred in you, which were they divided into equal portions were enough tocompleat a whole Jury ofLadiesy This drawes you a mixture of love and envie, or rather an admiration from all who know you, fpeciaUy from*me, and that info high a degree, that if you would fufferyour felf to be 1 ■ ador'd 414 Familiar Letters . Vol 3, ador'd, you fliould quickly find me Religions in that kind : How- foever I ambold tofend your Ladifhip this, as a kind o{homage or heriot or fr/fecr what you pleafe to term it, in regard Tama true vaffal toyour vertues: And if you pleafe to layanyof yout commands upon me, your will fhall be a law unco me, which I will cbferve with as much allegiance as any branch of Magna Chart a ,they fhall be as binding to me aLycurgm's laws wer to the Spartans,* nd to this I fubferibe Fleet this 10. of J. H. Aug. 1(347. XI. To Mr. R. B. Efqttire , at Grunsburgh. SIR, W Hen I o’re look’d the lift of my choiceft frerds to infert your name, I paws’d a while', and thought it more pro¬ per to begin a new collateral file, and put you in the front there¬ of, where I make account you are plac’d. If any thing upon earth, partakes of Angelic happinefs (in civil aftions) ’tis fiend- jhip, it perfumes the thoughts with fucll fweet Ideas, and the heart with fuch melting palfions; fuch are the effefts of yours to me,, whlchmakesme pleafe my felf much in the fpeculation of it. I am glad you are fo well return’d to your own family, and tout thing the Wheelwright you write of, who from a Cart came tobc a Captain, it made me think of the perpetuall rotations of forti tnc, which you know Antiquity feated upon a Wheel in feft- Ief>,t hough not violent, volubility; And truly it was never more verifi ed than now, that thofe fpokes which wer formerly but col¬ lates d,and fom of them quite underneath, are now coming up a- pace t 0 the top of the wheel: I hope ther will be no caufe to ap¬ ply to them the old verfe I learnt at fchool, Aflperm nihil eff humili cum fur git in altum. Buttl ter Isa tranfeendent over-ruling providence,who cannot only cht ck the rowlings of this petty wheel, and ftrike a nail intoicths it it fhall not ftir,but flay alfo when he pleafeth the mo¬ tions of tl tofe vaft fphercs of Heaven, where the liars are aiwayes flirting, jislikewife the whirlings of the Prtmum Morbik it felf, which the Aftronomers fay drawes all the world after it in a ra¬ pid revolut ion,that divine providence vouchfafe to check the mo- tisnsofthi t malevolent Planet, which hath fs long lowi’d upon Pol 3. Familiar Letters. 415 poor England, and fend us better dayes. So faluting you with ho vulgar refpefts, I rtit my dear Nephew, Fleet, this 26. of Toms mofl affelthnaily to July 1646, ferve you j. H. . XII. To Mr. En. P. at Paris. S 1 R, T Hitt which the Plots of the Jefuits in their dark. Cells, and the policy of the greated Roman Catholic Princes have driven at theje many years, is now don to their hands, which was to divide and break, theftrength of thefe three Kingdomes, hccaufe they held it to be. too great a glory and power to be in one Heretical Prince his handsf as they ejlcem'd the King of great Britain J becaufe he was in a capacity (o beVmpire, if not Arbiter of this part of the World, as many of our Kings have bin. Tou write thence, that in regard of the faid condition of our Queen, their Ccuntrey-woman, they are fenfible of our Calamities, but I be¬ like, ’ tisthe Populafs 0 nly,wbo fee no further than the rind of things, your Cabinet-Councel rather rejoycetb at it, who, or I am much de¬ ceiv'd, contributed much in the time of the late (anguine Cardinal,to .! fit a foot thefe diftrallions, beginning frft with Scotland, who, you kpow, hath alwayes Jerv'd that Nation for abrandto fet England a fire for the advancement of their own ends , I am afraid we have feen our bed days, we knew not when we were well, fo that the Irah- anfaying maybe well apply ed to poor England, I was well, I would be better, I took i’hyficand dyed. Ho more now, buttbatlrefi Fleet,20. Jan, Tours entirely to ferve 1641. you, J.H. XIII. T0 John Wroth Efc at Petherton Parka sir, I Had two of yours lately, one in Italian, the other in French, /which were anlwered in the fame Dialcft)and as I read them with lingular delight,fo I mult tell you,they iiruck an admiration into me, that in fo fiiort a revolution of. time you fhould com to be to great a Matter of thofe Languages both for the .Pen and. Parly ; I have known divers, and thofe of pregnant and ripe ca¬ pacities, who had fpenc moreoyl and time in thofe Countreys, yet 41 6 Familiar Letters. Vol.%. yet could they not artive to that double perfection which you have, foriftheygotone, they were commonly defective in the other: Therefore I may fay that you have Spartum nafhu which was but a petty Republic, fed Italiam & Gallic am naftitses, lots orna ; you have got all Ira//and France, adorn thefe. Nor is it Language that you have only brought home with you; but I find that you have ftudied the Men and the Manners of thofe Nations you have convers’d withal; Neither have you courted only all cheir fair Cities, Caftles, Houfesof Pleafure, and other places of curiofity, but you have pryed into the very my (lories of their Government, as I find by thofe choice Manufcripts and Ob- fervations you have brought with you; In all thefe things you have been fo curious, as if the foul of your great Uncle who was employed Ambafladour in the Imperial Cou nts) A who held cor- refpondence with the greatefl men of Chrijlendome in their own Language had tranfmigrated into you. The frefhefl News hecris, that thofe heart-burnings,and fires of civil commotions which you left behind you in France, cover’d | over with thin allies for the time,are broken out again, and I be- leive they will be never quite extinguilhed till ther be a peace or truce with Spain, for till then ther is no hope of abatement of taxes; And ’ris feat’d the Spanijh will ouc-weary the French at laft in fighting, for the Earth her felf.I mean his Mines of Mexia and Peru afford him a conftant and yearly Treafure to fupport his Armies, whereas the French King digs his Trefure out of the bowels and vital fpiritsof his own Subjefts. I pray let me hear from you by the next oportunity ,for I (hall hold my time wellimployed to correfpond with a Gentleman of fuch choice and gallant parts; In which defires I reft 2p.AHg.164p. Tour mjlaffeflionat and faithful Servitor, J-H. XIV. To Mr. W.B. H Ow glad was I, my choice and precious Nephe tv, to receive yours of the 24current, wherein I was forry; though fatil- fiedin point of belief to find the ill fortune of interception which befel my laft unto you. Touching the condition of things heer, you (hall underftand, that our miferies lengthen with our days, for though the Sun and 'ol.%. £ ammar Letters. 41 ic Spring advance nearer us, yet our times are not grown a wf ie more comfortable :I am afraid this City hath tool’d her l'elf i 1 a tin very, the Army, though forbidden to com within ten mil filer by Order of Purlement, quartets now in the Bowels or; they threaten tobreak her Percullics; Polls and Chains lake her pervious upon all occafions, they have fecit red alfo :• ower,wit^i addition of ftreiigth for them!tlves:hdides,a Fatnit orhinfetifibly creep upon us, and the Mint isdarvV, forwanr ullion; trade which was ever the finew of this Illand doth vi ly decay,and , he Infnuwce of Ships is rifen from two to ten ie hundred: Our Gold is ingroiled in prtv.it Hands, orponb ond Sea to travel without Licence, and much I believe of it is r tru’d to the earth (whence it firft camejto be buried where n ite Nephews may chance to find it a thoufaud years hcr.ce, if;, orld iafts fo !ong,fo that the exchanging of white earth into r. I mean diver into gold} is now above fix in the hundred: and; iefe with many more are the difmai efiefts and concomitants civiil War, ’Tis true, we have had many fuch Much days ''.upland in former ages,but tiiofs paralieii’d to rlie prefrnt are liefkadow of a Mountain compar’d to the cciipfe oftiie Moo ly prayers early and late are,thac God Almighty would pies or to turn away bis face quite, but cheer us again with the Jig f his countenance. And I am well aflur’d you will joyn with r 1 the fameOrifon to Heavens gate 5 in which confidence I red 'rom tile Fleet, io. of Tours inrift affdlirmntly Dccenib. 1647 . tofervepu, J.H. To Sir K.D, at Paris. sir, j\TOw, that you are return’d, and fix’d a while in France, L N old fervant of yours takes leave to kifs your h?.nds,and fa!' ’mi in an intenfc degree, of hear and height of p.uTion: ’ Veil you /hook hands with this infortunat Ifle when you did, a lot your liberty by fucii a royal mediation as the Queen Rcgei nr It,id you Raid,you would have taken but little comfort in )’■ ife, in regard that ever fince tiler have bin the fearfulied did tions here tiiac ever happen’d upon any part of the earth kluin kind of humanity never rag’d fo among men, infotm hat the whole Countrey might have taken its appellation fr ke dualled parttherof, and be call’d the Ijle uely honour you. I ant one, and have been fo (hue I \ fit si knew you, tbaefore as a frn.ill teftimonyhereof. 1 fend you this j j?e(h fancy compos'd ly a K tide Perfotiage m Italian, of which langu- ea } f ; Per the fit: part of the Difcurs which oafijh of a Dialogue ’twixt j the twojiiltPerfons of the Holy Trinity, tier are examples of that kind finfomofthe moft Ancient Fathers , at Apoliinarius WNazianZen; mm lately Grotius uawtne inpe in his Tragedy of Chrifls Paflion, which mr-yferve to free it from all exceptions. So I moft affellionatly Iffsyour hands, and am, Sir, Fleet,2$. Mar tit Tour very bumble and ready 1646. Servant J. H. — Te Sir Paul Neale Knight, upon the fmefubjett. S F Ft, 0 aint Paul cannot reafeend to Heaven before he gives you alfo ua falute, my Lord, yaur father having hin a ftar of the great- tft magnitude in the Firmament of the Church. If you pleafe toobferve the manner of his late progrefs upon earth, which you may do by the guidance of this difeours, you fliall difeover ma- D d 3 uy 422 Familiar Letters. Vol. 3, ny tilings which are not vulgar, by a curious, mixture of Church and State-affairs you fliall feel here in the pulfe of Italy , and hon it beats at this time fince the beginning of thefe late Wars ’ewixt the Pope and the Duke of Parma, with the grounds, procedure, and fuccefs of the laid War, together with the interefl and grie¬ vances, the pretences and quarrels that moll Princes there hate with Romo. Imrficonfcfs, my Genius hath often prompted me that I was never cutout fora Trarfiator, tber being a kind of fervility therin-, Fit it tntft needs be fomwhat tedious to one that bath any free-hn thoughts within him, and gen uin conceptions of bit own (wbereojl have fome, though (hallow ones) to enchain himfelf to a verbal fer. nitride, andthefenfeof another. Moreover, Tranflations are but as turn-coated things at be ft, fpecialfi among languages that haw advantoges one of the other, as the Italian hath of the Englifh,w/i/cfi may be faid to differ one from the other as filk doth ftom doth, tin common wear of both Countries where they are fpolgen : And as clod is the more fubSiantial, fo the Englifh toung by reafon'tis foknottd with confonants, is the ftronger, and the more frnewy of them; But filk is more fmooth andftik., and fits the Italian toung compar'i to the Englifh. Or I may fay Tranflations ure like the wrong ftde oj a Tutky Carpet, which ufeth to befullof thrums and knots, andrn- thing fo even as the right fide : Or one may fay, (as I fpake elfewher) that tranflations are like Wines tane of the lees, andpowr'd mo¬ ther veffels, that muft needs lofe fomwhat of their fir ft ftrength ad Brisknefs ,, which in the powring, or paffage rather evaporates in¬ to air. Moreover touching Tranflations, it is to be obferv’d that every language hath certain Idiomes, proverbs and peculiar cxpreflfnns of in own,which are not rendible in any other but paraphrallical- ly.therfore he overaft; the office of an interpreter,who doth en- Have himfelf too flriftly to words,or phrafes: I have heard of an exces among Limners, call’d too much to the life, which happens when one aymes at fimilitudes more than skill 5 So in verfion of languages one may be foover punctual in words, that he may mar the matter; The greateft fidelity that can be expefted in a Tranflatoris to keep fiillafootand entire the trugenuin fence of the Author, with the main defign he drives at: and this was the principal thing which was obferv’d in this Verfion. Furthermore let it not be thought ftrange that ther are fom Ita¬ lian worth made free denizons of England in this difeours, for by fuch means our language hath grown from time to time robe copious, and flill growes more rich, by adopting or natura- lk‘H ' i-oh g. Familiar Letters. 423 j ixjng rather the ehoicefl forren words of other Nations, as a j Nofcpav is norhing clfe but; a tuft of dowers gather’d from divers ) bed'."' j Touching tills prefent vcrfion of Italian into E nglijb, I may fay j’tis a dtingl hid,when I had nothing todo;’Twas to find fomthing ] v.hciby to pais away the flow hours of this fad condition of capti- ■ i vity. : I pr iy he pleas’d to rake this as a fmall argument of the great ] Kpefts I ow you for the (undry rare and high virtues I have dif- I r vet’d in youu's aifo for the obligations I have to your noble La- jt fe InndsIhumbly kifs, wilhingyou both,as thefeafonin- i vs ,sme.a good New year (forit begins bucnowlnidwQasalfoa i holy Lent, and a healthful Spring. j Fleet, 25. Marti/. Tour much obliged and j ready Servant , J. H. I XXII. | To D/.W. Turner. S I R, J Return you my mofl tban\fullacknowledgments,for that colleSion, cr farago of prophecies, as you call them,(and that very properly in regard ther if a mixture of good and bad) you pleas'd to fend me late- ( In facially that of Nofttcdamus, which Ifhall be very chary topre- \ ferve for you, I could requite you with divers prediffions more, and of [am of the Britifh Eards, which wer they tranflated roEnglifh would transform the world to wonder. They fmg of a Red Parlement and White King, of a race of pee- pie which JJmld be called Pengruns.of the fall oft be Church , and di¬ vers other things which glance upon thefe times. But lam none of thofe that afford much faith torambling Prophecies, which (as was faid eljewber) are like fo many odgrainesfown in the y aft field of Time 1 vberof not one in a thoufand comes to grow up again and appear above ground. But that 1 may correfpondwitb you in fompart for the li(e mrttefie I fend you thefe jollowing prophetic verfes of Whitc-Ha'l, which were made above twenty yeers ago tn rnyf/tawledg upon a Book, call'd Balaams Ms,that conf/dedofjoin invellives againjl King James and the Court in ftatu quo tunc: It was compos'd by one Mr. Williams aCwnfelkr of the temple , but a Roman Catholic, who was bang'd , drawn and quarter'd at Charing Crofs for it, and I believe ther be hundreds that havecoppies of thefe verfes ever fmee that time about Ttmyet living. They were thefe. But fixteenkundrcd jorty three, Whofrerefhallfee that day. Will nothing find within th..t Cmt , But only graft and hay. foe. Which was found to happen true in White-Hall, till the foldiers lining toqnar er there trampled it down. Truly Sir, I find all tiling; confpire to make flange mutations at this miferable Ifiand, I fear we fliall fall from under the Sceptet to be under the Srwnfjtnd fmee w fraid among others that which w will be verified, The churcb-man tv a he. Wdcom be the wiliofGod, sv tumbles down Monarchies as mole- mvdearDoSor,- Fleet, 9, Aug. Tt. Tpeak of prophecies, lama- s made fince the reformation ■the Lawyer if, the Soldierfhd so tranfvolves Kingdoms, and bills at hispleafure ; fo I reft, XXIII. To the Honorable Sir Edward Spencer Knight at his Hottfe near-) Branceford. SIR, '\ 7 \ / EE aJe not fo bare of intelligence between tbefe \vaIls,buE v *■ we can hear ofyour doings in Branceford-, That fo gene- 1 p c d up Knight of the fiiirc for jViddLfexf.omded round about us upon London ftreets.and echo’d in c-very corner of rise unvn ; nor do I mingle fpecch with any, thoffch halfafTefied to you,but highly approves of and congratu¬ lates the eh (Sion, being gbid that a Gentleman of fuch extraordi¬ nary parts and pro:if:y,as alfo of fuch a mature judgement fliould bcchnfcn toferve the Public. f return you the in.iraim tpt you lent me of Dsmmlogie, but e 1 t pointof opinion that way, for 1 le pr aud truly he writes as much as can be produc'd tor It is pwrpole. Eur there are fom men that «rc of a niter negative genius,like Johannes ad oppofitum, who will deny Vol. 3. Familiar Letters. 425 deny, or at leaf! crofs and puzzle any thing though never fo deer in it felf,with their but, yet, if, tfye. they will flap the liein Truths teeth though fhe vifibly fland before their face without any vifard, inch perverfe crofs-grain’d fpiritsare not to be dealt tvithall by arguments, but palpable proofs, as if one fliould deny that the fire burns, or that he hath a nofe on his face; thcr is no way to deal with him, but to pull him by the tip of the one, and purhis finger into the other; I will nor fay that this Gentleman is fo pre- verfefinit to deny ther ate any witches, to deny that titer are not ill fpirits which feduce, tamper and conversin divets fltapes with human creatures,and impell them to afticnsofmal'ce; I fay that he who denies ther are fuchbufie fpirits, and fuch poor ptflive creatures upon whom they work, which commonly are call’d Witches-,l fay again,that he who denies ther arc fuch fpirits fltewes that he himfelf hath a Spirit of contradiction in him,oppofmg the current and confentient opinion of all Antiquity. We read that both Jews aw'd Romans with all other nations of Chrflcndom, and o;r Anceftors beer in fing/.iKrfenzfted laives againfUf/rc/w; fure they were not fo filly as to wafte their brains in making laws a- gainft Chymeras,againflHtwenfi/»,or fuch as Plato's Kteretifmata's ■ were: The Judaic. .//law is apparent in the holy Codex, Tboit flick mi fuff er a Witch to live-, the Roman law which the Decemviri made is yet extant in the twelve Tables, Quiff uges incantaffentpmm dan- to' They who fliall inchant the fruit of the earth let them be puniflfd ; The Imperial law is known by every Civilian, Hi cunt lufles nature: fntfupplicio affidantur: Thefe,meaning Witches, be- caufe they are enemies to nature let them be punifli’d 5 And the afts of Parlemenr in England are againft tbofe that invoke ill fpirits, that take up any dead man.worn an of child or take the slffn or bone of any dead body, to cmplyit to forcery or charm, wherby anyone U lam'd or made to pine away, fyc. fucbfhall be guilty of flat felony,and net ca¬ pable of Clergy or Sanfluary, 1 £?c. What a multirudc of examples are ther in good authentic Au- thorsof divers kinds of fafeinations, incantations, preftigiations, ofph'ltres, fpells, charmes, forceries, charafters and fuch like, as alfo of magic, necromancy, and divinations, furely the If/r< 7 ; ofEndor is no fab!e,the burning of Joan d' Arc the Maid of Orleans in Roven, and of the Marchionefs of d' Ancre of late ycers in Paris are no fables: the execution of Ncflredamits for a kind of Witch, fom fourfeore yearsfince is but a modern ftory,who among other things fororold, Le Senat ie Londres tuerra fun Roy, The Scnat of London flial! kill their King. The befl Hiflorians have it upon record how Charlemains Miflres irehanted him with a ring,which as long as flic had aLout her he would not fuffer her dead cjrcafe 10 42 6 Familiar Letters* Vol.%, to becarricd outofhis chamber to be buried, and a Bilkopra- king it out of her mouth, the Emperor grew rn be ns much be¬ witch’d with rfie B : fhcp, but lie being cloyed with hit excvfs of favor, threw it ir.to.i pond, wlicr tlit Emperors ci.it.fcfi plea- fure was to v;.-.ik till his dying dav, The flory *ciis ns how the Waldenfesin France were by foictnn arreft of Parlemetit accus’d and,condemn’d of Witchcraft ; The Maltefes took Saint f,:t:lfor a Witch ; Saint/fagrrif/afpeaks of women who could turn men to horfes,and make them carry their burthens; Danatts wuresofan enchanted ftaff which the Devil fummoner like, was us’d to de¬ liver fom tnarket-vvoir.en to ride upon. In fom of tlie Northern Countries ’tis asordninary tobuy and fell winds ss it is to do wines inorherparrs; and heerofl could inflance in fom examples of my own knowledg. Every one knows what Clam Magma writes of Erich''s (King of Swetblands) corner’d cap,who could make the wind fife to any point of the compafs, according as lie turn’d ic about. Touching Diviners of things to com, which is held a fpccies of Witchcraft, we may read they were frequent among rhe Romans , yea, they had Colledgesfortheir Augurs and Arufp'ces.who us’d to make their prediftions fom times by fire, fomtimes by dying of fowls, fomtimes by infpeftion into the entra'ls ofbealis, or in¬ voking the dead, but mod frequently by confuting with rhe Oracles, to whom all Nations had recoins except the Jews. But you will fay, that fince Chriftianky difpiayed her banners, rhe Crofs hath fear'd away the Devil; and (buck the Oracles dumb, as Plutarch reports a notable pafTe of Th aunts an Italian Pilot; who a little after rhe birth of Chrili,failing along the coafts of C.i- labriaina ftill fiicnc night, all his pafftngers being afieep, an airie cold voice came to his cars, iafm%,ThammJhamus,Thamm, The great God Pan is dead x who was the chiefelt Oracle cf that Coun trey; yet though the light of the Gofpcll chas’d away tho r e great Owls, therbe fom Bats and little night birds chat fly fill! abroad, T mean petty fpirits that by fecretpaftions, which are made always without witnes, enable men and women to do evil. In fueli compacts beyond tire has the party muft firfl renounce Chrift, and the extended woman, meaning the bleffedVirgin,hemufl contemn the Sacrament, tread on the Croft,/pit at the boll, <&c> Ther is a famous flory of fucli a paftion which Fryer Louis made fom half a hundred yeers ago with the Devil in Marfellles, who appear’d to him in fhape of a Goat, and promis’d him the enjoy¬ ment of any woman whom he fancied,with other pleafures for 41 yeersjbuc the devil being too cunning for him put the figure of 1 before, and made it i4yeers in the contraft, (which is to be feen Yol 3. Familiar Letters. 427 to this day with the Devils daw to iQat which time the Fryer was detcfted for Witchcraft and burnt, and all thofe children whom lie had chriftned daring that term of 14 yeers were rebaptized, the Gentlewomen whom he had abus’d, put themfelves into a Nunnery by themfelves. Hereunto may be added the great rich Widdow that was burn’d in Lions, becaufe ’twas prov’d the De¬ vil had lain with her; asalfothe hiftory of Lieutenant Jaquette which (lands upon record with the former, but if I fhouldinfert them hcer at large, it would make this Letter fwell too much. But we need not crofs the fea for examples of this kind,we have too too many (God wot) at home: King James a great while was loth to beleive ther wer Witches,but that which happen’d to my Lord Francis of Rutlands children, convinc’d him, who were bewitch’d by an old woman that was fervant at Belvcir Cafile. but being difp'.eas’d, (he contracted with the Devil (who convers’d with her in form of a Car, whom (lie call’d Rutterk/nJ to tnakea- way thofe children,out of mper malignity and third of revenge. Butfincethe beginning of tliefe unnatural Wars ther may be a clowd of witnefks produc’d for the proof of this black tenet: for within thecompas of two yeers neer upon three hundred witches were arraign’d, and the Major part executed in Effex and Suffolk only. Scotland fwarms withthemnow more than ever, and per-' fons of good quality executed daily. , Thus, Sir, have I huddled together a few arguments touching this fubjeft; becaufe in my lad communication with you, me thought I found you fomwhat unfatisfied, and daggering in your opinion touching the affirmative part of this thefis, thedifeuffing wherof is far fitter for an elaborat large treatife then a loofe letter. Touching the new Commonwealth you intend toedablifh now, that you have affign’d me my part among fo many choice legifla- tors.-fomthing I (hall do to comply with your de/ires, which (hall be alwaies to me as commands, and your commands as lawes j becaufe I love and honour you in a very high degree for thofe gallant free-born thoughts, andfundry parts of vertuewhichl have difeern’d in you, which makes me entitle my felf Fleet this 20 of Lm mod humble and Febr. 1647. affcZHonat faithful Servant, J. H. XXIV. To 428 Familiar Letters. Pol 3. XXIV. To Sir William Bofwel, at the Hague. S I R, T Hat titadi t ug^y which was lately ailed bee,, as it hath fill'd moll hearts among iff with confirmation and honor, fo l believe it hath bin no left rejented abroad ; For my own partiiinl.tr, the more Irxminat upon it, the more it aftouifhetb my imagination, andjhal j- etb all the cells of my braitufo that fomtimes I Uruggle with my faith, and have much ado to believe it yet : I jhall give over w.ndring at any thing hereafter, nothing (hall feemftrange unto me. .ndy J will at¬ tend with patience how England will .thrive now that jheis let blood in the bafilical vein and cur'd, as they fay, of the Kmgs-Evil. 1 had one of yours by Mr. 'Jacob Bocue, and I muck thanly you for the acconrt you pleafe to give me of what 1 fent you by his conveyance, Holland may now be proud , for tber is a younger Common-wealth in Chriftcudom, than her (elf. No mare mw but that I always rejl, Sir, Fleet, 20 of Mar. Tour rnrfi humble 1648. _ - Servitor,]M. XXV. To Air. W. B. at Grundsburgh. SIR, N Evcr credit me if Liberty it felfbe as dear to me as your Let- ters, they com fo full of choice, and learning applications, with fuch free unforc’d drains of ingenuity, infomuch that when I perufe them, me thinks they cart fuch a kind of fragrancy, that I cannot more aptly compare them, than to the flowers which are now in their prime fe.tfon, vi^. to Rofes in June : I had two of them latly, which me thought were like quivers full of barb'd arrows pointed with gold, that penetrated my bred. - TJi Quit nolle; nbiffit Ridendo tremubs nw tit non ire fab umbras <* Your exp re iTions were like thofe Mucroncs and Mellhi ghbuli which youfo ingenuoufly apply mine unro; but rhcicarrows of yours though they have hit me, they have not hurt me, they had no killing quality, hut they were rather as fo nutty cordi¬ als; for you know gold is reftorative. Iam fuddenly furpriz’d Vo!. 3. . Familiar Letters. 429 byaninexpeftedoccafion,therforc I mud abruptly break offwirh you for this time, I will only add, my mod dear Nepliew, that I reft • . . , June the ad. T.urs tntrrcf to love 1(548. . andfrveyMj.il ' * XXVI. To R K. Efquire at St. Giles. SIR, ■jr\Iffcrence in opinion, no more than a differing complexion, If J can be caufe enough for me to hate any ; A differing fancy is no more to me, than a differing face p, If another hath a/n/r countenance, though mine be black, or if I have a fair opinion, though another have a hard favor'd one, yet ir find I no-break that common league oi humanity which Ikould be betwixt ratio- . nal creatures, provided lie correfponds with'me in t!;egeneral offices of morality and civil uprightnes,thi; may admit him to my acquaintance and converfation, though I never concur with him in opinion: He bears the Image of Adam.and the Image of the Al¬ mighty as well as l; He had God fo r iiis Fuf/rer,though he hath not the fame Church (or his Mother. The omnifeient Creator ,as He is only Kardiognoflic, fo He is the fold Lord of the whole inward nun ; It is he who reigns ore the faculties of the foul,and the af¬ fections of the heart •, ’Tis he who regulates the will,and reftifies all obliquities in the underdandmg by fp; cial illuminations, and oftentimes reconciles men as oppnftt in opinions, as Meridians,ini Panallels are in point of excenfion, whereof the one draws from Ead to Wed, the other from.North to South. Somof the Pagan Philofophers, fpccially Themiftim who was Prsttor cf Byzantium, maintain’d an opinion,!liar as the pulchri¬ tude an I preservation of the world confided in varieties and dif- fimilitudesfas alfo in Eccentricand contrary motions) that as it was rcplenifh’d with fuch numberlefs forts of fcveral fpecies, and that the Individuals of thofe fpecies dirTei’d fo much one from the other fpccially /if.triluW.amongit whom one anil hardly find two in ten thoufandthat hath exaft’y (though twins) the fame tone of voice, dmillrude of face, or Idicas of mind. Tlierforc the God of Nature ordain’d from the beginning, that he fiiouldbe worfiiipp’d in various & firdrv forms of adorations,which never- thelcs like fo many lines Ihould tend all to the fame centre- But Chridian Religion prcfcribes another Rule, viz_. that ther Is but una via, ana vent ns, ther is bur one true way to Heaven,and that but a narrow one, whereas there bo huge large roads that lead to Hell, ■ ,God 430 Familiar Letters. Vol.%. God Almighty guide us in the firfl and guard us from thefe- cond, asalfofrom all crofsand uncouth bypaths, which ufe to lead fuch giddy brains that follow them to a confus'd labyrinth of errors,where being entangled, the Devil, as they Hand gaping for new lights to lead them out, takes his advantage tofeize'on them for ±M[pirhustl pride, and infobriety in the fearch of more knowledge. Tour mofl faithful 22th. July, Servant, J648. J.H, 43i Vol 40 A FOV'R.TH VOLVME OF Familiar LETTERS, To Sir James Crofts Knight,at his houfe neer Lemfter. SIR , E Pip.es, or (according to the word in life) Familiar Let¬ ters, may be call’d the larum bells of Love, Ihope/ 7 j« will prove fo to you, and have power to awalren you out of that filence wherin you have dept fo long; yet I would not have this larum make any harfh obdreperous feund, but gently fummon you to our former correfpondence; your returns to me lhall be more then larum bells, they fhall be like Silver Trumpets to rouze up my fpirits, and make me take pen in hand to meet you more then halfway in the old field offrend- Ihip. It is recorded of Galen, one of Natures Cabinet Clerks, that whenheflept hisSie/f^ (as the Spaniard calls it} or afternoon deep,to avoid Excefs that way,he us’d to fit it fuch a poflure that having a gold-ball in his hand, and a copper vefiel underneath as foon as his Senfes were fhur,and the Phantafie began to work, the ball would fall down, thenoife whereof would awake him, and and draw the fpring-Iock back again to fertile outward fenfe at liberty; I have feen in Italy a finger-ring which in the boffe ther- pf had a Watch, and ther was fuch a trick of art in it that it might .'43 2 Familiar Letters. Vol. 4 , be fo wounded up, that it would make a (mall pin to prick him' who wore it at fuch an hour he pleas’d in the night ; Letthe/en between us have the vertu of that p/r;:bur the Pen hath a thou land vertues more ; You know that Arfer, Apis, Vitulut, The Goofc Bee, andth cCatf dorulcthe World, the one affording Parch¬ ment, the other two feeling Wax,and quils to write withal: You know alfo how the gaggling ofGeefe did once preferve t!ie Capi- toll from being fur priz’d by my Countrey-man B, emus, which was the firfl forreign force that Rome felt, But the Goofe quill doth daily greater things,itconferves Empires, (and the feathers of it gets Kingdoms 5 witnes w hat exploits the EngliPn perform’d by it in France] the Quill being the chlefefl inflrumenc of intelli¬ gence, and the AmbalTadors prime tool •, Nay, the qitillis the ufefull'fl&mg which preferves that noble Vertue Frendjhip, who els vvould_perifh among men-for want of praftice. I fhall make no more Tallies out of London this Sommer, ther- fore your letters may be fure where to find me : Matters are Kill involv’d here in a flrange confufion, but the Stars may letdown milder influences, therfore cheer up, and reprieve your felf a- gainft better times, for the wofld would beirkfom unto me if you wereoucofit; Hap what will, you (hall be fure to find me Tniir ready and real Servant,). H. T0 Mr. T. Morgan. SIR, I Receiv’d two of yours upon Tuefday lafl, one to your brother, the other to me, but the fuperferiptions were mifh!ten,whjcii makes me think on chat famous Civilian DoftorD, iL\ who being employed to Flanders by Queen Elizabeth, fent in a Packet to the Secretary ofState two Letters, one to tile Queen, the other to his Wife, but that which was meant for the Queen was fuper- ferib’d. To his dear Wife, and that for his Wife, To her mojl Ex¬ cellent Majeilie ; fo that the Queen having open’d his Letters, (he found it beginning with Sweet Heart , and afterwards with my Dear , and Dear Tow,with fuch expreflions,acquainting her with the flare of his body, and that he began to want money; you may eafily.gueffe what motionsof mirth this miflake rais’d, bur the Doftor by this overfight (or cwmkgnes rather) got a fupplyot money; This perchance may be your policy to endorfc me your h/gl. 4. Familiar Letters. 43^ brother, thereby to endear me the more unto you; but you needed not to have done that, for the name Frend goes.fomei times further than Brother,Sc rher be more examples of Freud's thatdld factifice their lives for one another, than of brothers,w ch the Writer doth think he fhould do for you,if the cafe requir’d. : But fince I am fallen upon Doftor Dale,who was a witty kind of Drole, I will tell you inftead of neV;s ("for tiler is little good ftlr- ■ ring now.) of two other facetious tales of hisjand Familiar Tales may becom Familiar Letters well enough : When Queen Elt\. did firrt propofe to him that forren employment to Flanders, among other encouragements lhe told him,that he itiould have 2 d s. per diem for his expences;then,Madam,faid he,I will fpend ip s. a day •, What will you do with the odd fliilling, the Queeh replied ? I will refervethat for my Kate, and for loin and D/c, ; meaning his wife and children,this induc’d the Queen to enlarge his allowance.But this that comes Iaft is the bed of all,and may be call’d the fuperlatifof the three,which was,when at thcover- , tureof the Treaty the other Ambafladors came to propofe hi : tvhat Language they fhould treat,The Spanijh AmbatTador an-. ; fwer’d,that the French was the moft proper,becaufe His Miftrifs i entitled her (dl Queen of France-, Nay then, faid Dr .Dale, let us ) treat in Hebrew for your Mafter calls himfelf King of Jerufalem. i I perform’d the civilities youenjoyn’d me to your frends herei ; who return you the like contuplicated,and fo doth \ Tour entire frend, , ’ May, 1 2. J. H. ! III. T'O the R. H. the La. E. D. Madam, > - T Her is a French faying,that courtefies and favors are like flo* rvers, which are fweet only while they are frefh, but after¬ wards they quickly fade and wither.I cannot deny bur your fa¬ vour to me might be compar’d to fom kind of flowers, (and they would make a thick Pofic) but they fhould be to the flower call’d life everlafting-,or cli.tr pretty Venniilion/nvr which grows at die foot of the Mountain^triMin S/ttY;,which never lofes any thing of its fir ft colour and tent:Thofe favors you did me 30 yeers ago in the life-time of your imeomparabie brotherMr.ii.Ait/;rtw 3 (who left usinthe/awof hisagejme thinks are as frefiito me as if they were done yefterday. 434 Familiar Letters. Vol. 4 Nor were ic any danger to compare courtefies don to men other flowers, as I u(e them; for I diftil them in the limbeck c my memory,and fo turn them to effences. But Madam,I honour you not fo much for fifVours, as for tliar precious broodeotvertues, which fhine in you with that bright lies,but fpcrially for thofe high motions wherby your Soul foares up fo often towards heaven; In fomuch, Madam, that if it were fafe to call any Mortal a S/tint, you fhould have that title from me,and I would be one of your cheifefl Votaries ; hovvfoever,! may without any fuperftition fubferibe my felf pur truly devoted Servant. April ,8. J. H. IV. T0 the Lord Marquis of Hartford. My Lord, 1 Receiv’d yourLordfhips of the eleventh current ; with the com¬ mands it carried,wherof I fhall give an account in my next. Forren Parts afford not much matter of intelligence, it being now the dead of Winter, and the feafon unfit for aftion; Butw need not go abroad for news, ther is ftore enough at home. We fee daily mighty things, and they are marvelous in our eyes; but the greateft marvail is.that nothing fhould now be marvaiN at, for we are fo habituated to wonders.that they are grown fa¬ miliar unto us. Poor England may be faid to be like a Ship tofs’d up and down the Purges of a turbulent Sea, having loft her old Pilot,and God he knowes when fhe Can get into fafe harbor againyet doubt- leffe thistempeft according to the ufual operations of nature, and the fucceflion of mundane effefts by contrary agents, will turn at laft into a calm, though many who are yet in-their nonage may not live to fee it. Your Lordfhip knows that this xoetyt©-,this fair frame of the Univcrf came out of a Chaos,w® digefted lump; And that this Elementary World was made of a Millions of Ingredients repugnant to themfelves in nature (and the whole is ftill preferved by the reluftancy and refflefs Combatingsof thefe principles.) We fee how the Shipwright doth make ufe of knee-timber, and other croffe-graln’d peecesas well as of ftrelght and even, for framing a goodly vef- lei to ride on Neptuaes back. The Printer nfeth many coo- Vol 4. Familiar Letters. 435 trary characters in his art,to put forth a fair vohraiejas disap re¬ vers’d, and n is an u turn’d upward, with other differing letters which yet concur all to the perfection ofthe whole work:thergo many & various diftbnanc tones to make an harmonious confort. this puts me in mind of an excellent paffage which a noble fpecu- lative Knight ("Sir F.Herbejt)\mh in his late Conceptions co’s Son.” How a holy Anchoric being in a Wildernefs, among other con¬ templations he fell to admire the method of Providence, how out ofcaufes which feem bad to us he produceth oftentimes good dfc£t:;how he fuffers vertuous,loyal and religious men to be op- S rcfs’d,and others to profper: As he was tranfported with thefe leas,a goodly young man appear’d to him,and told h?m,Father I know your thoughts are didrafted, and lam fent to quiet them,therefore if you will accompany me a few dayes,you (hall return very well Satisfied of thofe doubts that now encomber your mind, fo going along with him they were to palfe over a deep River wheron titer was a narrow bridge, and meeting ther with another pafic-nger,the young man jusfled him into the wa¬ ter,and fo drown’d him:The old Anchorit being much aftoniffi’d herat would have left him, but his guide faid, Father, be nor a- maz’d,becaufe I (hall give you good reafons for what I do, and you (hall fee dranger things than this before you and I part, but at lad I (hall fettle your judgment,and put your mind in full repofe. So going that night to lodge in an Inne wher there was a ctue of Banditi, and debauch’d Ruffians, the young man ftruck into their company, and reveli’d with them till the morning, while the anchorit (pent mod of the nightin numbring his beads? but as foon as they were departed thence,they met with font of¬ ficers who went to apprehend thatcrueof Banditi they had left behind them. The next day rhcy came to a Gentlemans houfe which was a fair Palace, where they receiv’d all the courteous hofpitality wlrich could be, but in the morning as they parred ther was a Child in a cradle which was the only (on ofthe Gen¬ tlemans, and the young man fpying his opportunity drangled the child,and fo got away: The third day they came to another Inn,wher the man of the houfe treated them with all the civility thatcould be,and£ivrr», yet the young man imbezzel’d afilver goblet, and carried it away in his pecker, which dill encreas’d the amazement of the Anchorite: The fourth day in. the Even¬ ing they came to lodge ac another Inn, where the hod wasve* ry fullen, and uncivil unto them, eXa&ing much more than the value of what they had fpent, yet at parting the young man be¬ llow’d upon him the diver goblet he had dolen from that Hod who had ufed them fo kindly. The fife day they made towards a E e 2 .great 43 6 Familiar Letters. Vol. 4* great rich Town,but fom miles before they came at it ; they meet with a Merchant at tile clofc of the day, who had a great charge of money about him,and asking the next paflage to the Town, the young man pur him in a clean contrary way; the Anchoric & his guide being come to thcTown, at the gate they fpied a devil, which lay as it were ceminel,but he was aileep : they found alfo both men and women at fundry kind of fports,fom dancing, o- thers finging, with divers forts of revellings; They went after¬ wards to a convent of Capuchins, wher about the gate theyfound legions of devils, laying fiege to that Monaftery, yet they got in and lodg'd there that night.-Being awaked the next morning, the young man came to that Cell where the Anchorit was lodg’d, and told him, I know your heart is full ot horror, and your head full of confufion, aftonifhments.and doubts for what you have feen fmee the firfl time of our aflociation: But know, that I am an Angel fent from Heaven to reftifie your judge¬ ment,as alfo to correft a little your curiofity in the refearches of the ways and afts of Providences too far; for though feparately they feem flrange to the (hallow apprehenfion of man, yet con- junftly they all tend to produce good effefts. That man which I tumbled into the River was an aft of provi¬ dence, for he was going upon amort mifehievous diffein that Would have damnified not only his own foul, but deftroyed the party againft whom it was intended; therfore I prevented it. The caufe why I convers’d all night with that crue of Rogues, was alfo an aft of Providence, for they intended to go a robbing all that night,but I kept them ther purpofely till the next morm ing, that the hand of Jurtice might feize upon them. Touching the kind hoft from whom I took the filver goblet, and theclownifh or knavilh hoft, to whom I gave it, let this de- monftrate unto you,that good men are liable to erodes and Ioffes wherof bad men oftentimes reap the benefit; but it commonly produceth patience in the one,and pride in the other. Concerning that noble Gentleman whofe child I ftrangled after fo courteous cRtcrtair.ment, know, that that alfo was an Aft o! jProvidence;for the Gentleman was fo indulgent & doting on that thildjthat it leffea’d his love to heaven,fo I rook away the caufe. Touching the Merchant whom I mifguided in his way, it was llkewife an aft of Providence; for had he gone the direft way to this Town,he had bin robb’d,and his throat cut, therfore I pre- ferv’d him by that deviation. Now concerning this greac luxurious City; wheras we fpied but one Devil which lay afleep without the gate, there be¬ ing fo many about this poor Convent, yon murt confider, that Lttcijer | Vol. 4. Familiar Letters. 437 Lucifer being already allur'd of that riotous Town by corrupting their manners evry day more and more,he needs but one iingle Centinel to fecurc it; But for this holy place of retirement, this Monaflery inhabited b'y fomany devout fouls who fpend their whole lives in atts of mortification, as exercifes of piety and pe¬ nance, he hath brought fo many legions to beleagcr them, yet he can do no good upon them,for they bear up againft him mod: undauntedly,maugre all his infernal power and filratagetns: So the young man,or Divine Meflenger fuddenly difappear’d and vaniih’d; yet leaving his fellow-traveller in good hands. My Lord, I crave your pardon for this extravagancy and the tedioufnefs thereof, but I hope the fublimity of the matter will make fome compenfarion, which if I am not deceived, will well fute with your genius, for I know your contemplations to be as high as your condition,and as much above the Vulgar: This figu¬ rative (lory (hews that the ways of Providence are infcrutable, his intention and method of operation not conformable often¬ times to humane judgment,the plummets and linewherof is infi¬ nity too (hort to fadom tlm depth of his defigns;therfore let us ; acquifce in an humble admiration, and with this confidence that ! all tilings co-operate to thebeftatlafi as they relate to hisglo- | ry, and the general good of his creatures, tho fomeritnes they ! appear to us,by uncouth circumfiances, and crofs mediums. So in a due di(lance,andpo(lure of humility I kifs your Lord- . fillips hands, as being, My mofl highly honoured Lord, Your thrke-obedient , and obliged Set viler, J.H. V, To R. Baker, Efjme. SIR, N Ow that Lent and tit eSpripg do nuke their approach,in my opinion Falling would conduce much to the advantage of Soul and Body; Though our fecond Infiitu ion ofobfervingLcnc aym’d at Civil refpcVts, as to preferve the brood of cattle, and advance the profcllion of Fifhermen, yet it concurs with the firft Iifijtution, vi^. a pruefpiritual End, which was tofubduethe fcfb, and that being brought under, our other two E e 3 fpiritual 483 Familiar Letters. Vol. 4. fpiritual Enemies the World and the Devil, are the fooner over- corn. The Naturalids obferve,that morning fpirtle kills Dr ago nr, {o fafiing helps to dedroy the Dew/,provided it be accompanied with other afts of devotion; To fail for one day only from about nine in the morning to four in the afternoon, is but a mock-fad. The Turks do more than fo in their Ramirams and Beirams, and the/walfo, for he fads from the dawn in the morning till the Stars be up in the night,as you obferve in the devout and delicat Poem you pleas’d to communicat unto me lately;I was fo taken with the fubjeft, 'that I prefently lighted my Candle at your torch, and fell into thefe Stanza’s: 1. Now Lem is com, let us refrain From carnal creatures quick or (lain; Let’s fad, and macerate the Flefh, Impound, and keep it in diflreffi. 2. For forty’dayes, and then we fliall Have a Replevin from the thrall, By that blefs’d Prince who for this fall Will give us Angels food at lad. 3. But to abdain from Beef, Hogg, Goofe, And let our Appetites go loofe 1 To Lobders, Crabs, Pravvnesor fuch Filh, We do not Fad, but Fead in this. 4. Not to let down Lamb, Kid or Veal, Hen, Plover, Turkey-cock or Teal/ And eat Botargo, Caviar, Anchovees, Oyders, and like fare ; 5. Or to forbear from Flefh, Fowl, Fifh, And eat Potatoes in a difh Don o’rewith Amber," oramefle Of Ringos in a Spanilh drefTe. 6 . Or to refrain from each hot thing Which Water, Earth, or Air doth bring, And lofea hundred pound at Gleek, Or be a Saint when we fhould deep. Pol. 4. Familiar Letters. 439 7, Or to leave play wich all high difhes, . And feed our thoughts with wanton wilheSj Making the foul like a light wench Wear patches of Concupifcence. . 8. This is not to keep lentaright, But play the juggling Hypocrit : He truly Lent obferves who makes the Inward man To fall, as well as make the outward feed on bran. The French Reformifls have an odd way of keeping Lent,for I have feen the walls of their temples turn’d to Ihambles.and flefh hanging upon them on Lent-Sundayes; Infotnuch,thathewho doth not know their praftice, would take their Churches to be Svnagogs of Jews, and that the bloody Levitical Sacrifices were offer’d there. And now that my thoughts are in France , a witty paflagc of Henry the Great comes into my mind, who being himfelf in the field, fent to the old Count of Soiffons to accompany him with what forces he could make ;TheCountanfwer’d, That he was grown decrepit and cra7.y,befides, his eflate was fo,being much exhaufied in the former Wars, and all that he could do now for his Majefiy was to pray for b.itn •• Doth my Cofen of So/flJwJaid theKing.anfwerme fo? They (ny.^Jhat prayer without falling huh milling that Efficacy,as when they are pyn'd.'Ventre de St.Grit, By the belly of Sr. Gris, I will make him jaft as .vell'as pray, for I will not pay him a penny of his ten rhoufand Crowns Penfion, which he h ith yeerly for thefe refpefts. The Chriliiaii Church hath a longer and more folemn way of falling then any other Religion,take Lent and Emberweeks toge- ther:In fomChurches the Chriltian ufeth the old way of mortifi¬ cation by fackcloth and allies to this day,which makes me think on a facetious tale of a TurJfffli Ambaflador in Venice, who being return’d to Conftaminople, and ask’d, what he had oblerv’d mol? remarkable in that fo rare a City ?he anfwer’d.that among other tilings theChriflian hath a kind of a flies which thrown upon the head doth prefently cure madnes; for in Venice I faw the peeple go up and down the llreets (faid he) in ugly antick (Irangedif- guiles, as being in the eye of human reafon Hark mad, but the next day (meaning Afliwenfday) they are fuddenly cur’d of that madnes by a fort of allies which they call upon their heads. If the faid Ambaflador were here among ns, hewould think our Modern Gallants werealfo all mad,or lubjeft to be mad,be- caufe they aflie and powder their peric/aniums all the yeerlong, E e 4 ' S.Q 440 . Familiar Letters. Yoi. 4 ■ So wifhing you Meditations fuitable to the feafon, and good thoughts which are beft when they are the ofF-fprings 0!' good anions, I reft, Mwenfday. • Tour ready and rent ' 1654. frend, J. H. To Mr. R. Manwayring. My dear D/cj^, I F you are as well when you read this,as I was when I wrote it we are both well; I am certain of the one,but anxious cf the Other,in regard of your fo long filence; I pray at the return of this Port let your Pen pullout this thorn that hath got into my thoughts,and let me have oftner room in yours, for you know I am your perfeft frend, J.H. jll. ; To Sir Edward Spencer Knight. \ SIR,' T Find by your laft of the firft current, that your thoughts are Amuch bufiedin forming your newCommon-wealrh; fe wher- as the Province that is allotted to me is to treat of a right way to govern the Femal Sex. I hpld my lot to be fallen upon a f/tr ground,and I will er.deavour.ro husband it accordingly j I, find, alfo that for the ertabfifhmenr of this new Republic you have cull- | sd opt thechoiceft Wits in all faculties, therfore I account it an honor that you have put me in the Lift,though the leaf! of them, In gyry fpeciesof Governmeot,and indeed among all focieties of Gpankind(AecferV Orders,and other Regulars excepted)ther Hiuflbteafpecialcarehadof the fe/W kind, for nofhingcan conduce wore to the propagation,and perpetuity of a Republic, than tlje well mtnagingof that gentle and uftful Sex ; For tho they be accounted' the weaker vefTtls,yct are they thofe in whom, the whole mafs of mankind if moulded (therefore they mufl noc, he us’d- like Saffron bags, or V/rde. bottles which arg thrown tpto fome by-corner yvhen the tyiije and^’ce, ar . e take%ow $ Yol. 4. Familiar Letters, 441 It was an opinion truly befitting a Jen? to hold,That is of an inferior creation to Man , being made only for multiplication andpleafure, therfore hath file no admittance into the body of the Synagog •, Such another opinion was that of the Pagan Poet who flutter'd out thisverfe, thatther are but two good hours of any woman. TW i-ticui cv (laX'lfw, titviMtiv or Qnhajo : Vitaminthalame, alteram in tumulo •, One hour in Bed, the other in the Grave. Moreover.I hold alfo that of the Orator to be a wild extravagant fpecch,when he faid,that if Women were notconterranean and min¬ gled with nten, Angels would defcend and dwell among m. But a far wilder fpeecli was that of the Bogg-Philofoyher, who term’d wo¬ men Neccffary Evils. Of this Cynical Scft,it fecms was he, who would needs make Orem to be the Anagram of Vxor, bycon- traftingc, s into an x. Vxor etOrcus - idem. YetlconfelTe, that among this Sex,as among men, therare fom good,fom bad,font vertuous,fom vicious, and fom of an in-, different nature in whom vertue makes a compenfation for vice. If ther was an Empreffe in Rome To cunning in her luft, that file would take in no paffenger. untill the vefiel was freighted, (for fear the refemblance of the child might difeover the true father} Ther was a Zenobia in Aft a who would not fuffer her husband to know her carnally no longer when once (he found her felf quick. If ther wer a Queen of France that poyfon’d her King,ther was a Queen in England,who when her Husband had bin fiioc with an envenom’d arrow in the Holy Land,fuck’d out the poyfon with her own mou th,when none els would doir.IftheLady Barbara Wife to Sigifmond the Emperor,being advis’d by her ghoftly Fa¬ ther after his death to live like a Turtle , having loft fuch a Mate that the world had not the like,made this wanton anfwer, Father finctpu would have me to lead the life of a Bird,why not of a Spar¬ row, as well as of a turtle l which (lie did afterwards, I faylf ther wer fuch a Lady Bar bar a,Ther was the Lady Beatrix, who after Henry her Emperors death lived after like a Done,and im¬ mur’d her felf in a Monaftic Cell. But what fliall I fay of Queen Artmifm who had an Urnful of her husband Mik/oWs afhes in her clofec, whereof flic would take down a dram every rimm¬ ing ne^t her bean, laying, that her body was the fitteft place t publick, by calling that fatal bone for the Spaniard to gnaw upon, which (hook his teeth fo ill-favoredly for fourfeore yeers toge¬ ther. Other Writers fpeak bitterly of her for her carriage to her Siller the Queen of Scotr.for lier ingratitude to her brother Philif of Spain ; for giving advice by her Ambaflador with the great Tark. 'o expell the Jefuiis, who had got a Colledge in Pera, as alfothat her Secretary Walfingham fliouldproieft the poyfning of the Waters of Douay ; and laflly, how fhe fuffet’d the Feflivalof the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in September to be turn’d to the celebration of her own birth day, &c. But thefe fiains are call up¬ on her by her enemies; and the afperfions of an Enemy ufe to be like the dirt ofOyflers, which doth rather deanfe then count- minat. Thup my Lord .have I pointed at fome remarks; to fhew how various and diferepant the humors of a Nation maybe, and the genius of the Times, from what it was; which doubtlesmull proceed from a High all-difpofing power: A fpeculation that may becom thegreatefl, and knowing/} fpirits, among whom your Lopp. doth fhine as a flar of the firft magnitude; For your Houfc may be call’d a true Academy, and your head the Capitol of knowledge, or rather an Exchequer, wherein therisa ttt- \pol' 4 > Familiar Letters. 453 | fare enough to give Penfms to all the Wits of the Time; with j chcfe thoughts I reft, | My moft highly honour'’J Lord, j Land, this 15. Tour very obedient, and ever i of Aug. obliged Servant, J. H. XIII, To Mr. R. Floyd. Cofen Floyd, T H E firft part of Wifdom is to give good Counfell, the fecond to tal^e it, andthe third to follow it; Though you be young, yet you may be already capable of the two latter parts of wif- dom,and it is the only way co attain to the firfl; therefore I wiih' you to follow the good counfel of your Uncle J, for I know him to be a very difcreet well-weigh’d Gentleman, and I can judge fomthing of men, forlhavefiudied many: Therefore if you fleer by his compaffe in this great bufines you have undertaken, you need not fear Jbipmack ;. This is the advice of hod.6 . Apr. Tour truely aflefiionat Cofen, J. Hf. XIV. To my Reverend and Learned Colintrey- man, Mr. R. Jones. SIR, I T is, amongmanyother,oneofmyimperfeftions, that I am not vers’d in my maternalTeung fo exaftly as I fhould bc;The reafonis, that Languages and words ("which are the chief cretures oftnan, andthe keys of knowledge) maybefaidto flick in the memory like nails or peggs in a Wainfcot dore, which ufc to thrufl out one another oftentimes: Yet the old Britifli is not fo' driven out of mine, f for the cafk favors dill of the liquor irfirfl took in) but lean fay fomthing of this elaborat and engenious peece of yours which you pleafe to communicat unto me fo ear¬ ly ; I cannot compare it more properly then to a balket of Fofies gather’d in the belt garden of flowers the Sacred Scriptures, and bound up with fuch art, that every flower direfls us where his bed may be found: Whence I infer, that this Work will much conduce to the advancement of B/jSmicwjus, or Scripture-know¬ ledge, and confequently to the public good; It will alfo tend to the honor of our whole Countrey, and to your own particular Repute: Therefore I wifli you good fucccfle to make this child °f your brain free denizen of the World. Undon, rj. Sept. J. H. ■Ffj XV. 454 Familiar Letters. Vol. 4. XV. To J. S. Efft at White-Fryers. SIR, T HisnewPecce of Philofophy comes to h flier in t’le new-ycer unto you j dropp’d from rile brain of thcfub.-iikft fpirits of France, and the great Perfonage ("the Dube ofEfernon.') though heterodox.il, and crof:-grain'd to the old rhiloibphers. Among divers other Tenets he holds, that Privatio -is unworthy robe one of the three Principles of natural things,and would put Lone in the place of it; But you knew,Sir,that among other infirmities which Nature hath entayl’d upon man while he gropes here for truth among the Elements,difcrepancy cf Notion:-, and dtfire of Novelty are none of the kart. Now touching this Critical Trad tiler’s not any more capable toccnfure it then your felf, whofe Judgment is known to befo found and Magijlereull ; let the petnnefsof the gijt be fupplyed by the pregnancy cf the Will, which fwells whh mounmins of de- fires to ferve you, andtoflicwia adion as .veil us in words, how ready I would be London, 2. Jan. At your diftrfing, J. H. XVI. To the Earl of Lindfcy Great Chamberlain of England , at Ricot, My Lord, T Moft humbly thank your Lordfliip for the noble Prefent you commanded to be fent me from Grhnft'jorp , where without difparagement to any, I may fay you live as much likea Prince as any Grandee in Chriftendom.Among thofe many Heroik parts C which appear’d fo much in that tough battail of Kittct, v/hef having all your Officers kill’d, yet you kept the Field, and preferv’d your wounded Father from the fury of the Soldier,and from death for the time: Asalfo for being the infeperable Cu- bicnlar Companion the King took comfort in, in the height of his troubles J I fay, among other high parts to fpeak yon noble, you are cryedup my Lord, to be an excellent For [man, Hmtfmsn, Forefler. This makes me bold to make your Lordfliip the Judge pfa ftnall Difcours, which upon a Critical difpute touching the Vcca'll Force]} that g' cs abroad in my name, was impos’d upon me, to fatisfie them who thought I knew fomething more then ordinary, what belong’d to a true Forrcfl. Tlier be three for Ycnery or Venatial pkfurc in England,vi ' ' form, Vol. 4 - Familiar Letters. 45.5 Forrdl, a Chafe, and a Park.-, they all three agree in one thing, which is, that they are habitations for wild beads; The two firit lye open, the hit inclos’d: The Farrell is the tnci'l noble of all, fori; is a Francbife of fo Princely a tcr;ure,thac,accordingtoour Lines,usne but the King can have a Ferre!; , Ifjie chance to pafic one over to n Subject, his no more b'emjl but frank. Chafe. Moreover, a Farr eft hat!) the- Prebrminecc of the other two both in Larses, in officers,in Conns and finds of beads. If any offend in a Chafe or Park, be is punifhabie by the Common Law of the Land; Etit a Forrejl hath I.awes of her own ro cake cognifance of alltrefpaffcs; fne hath alfohcr peculiar Officers, as Forrefters, Verderers, Regarders , Agiiiers, £ec. whereas a chafe or Pm i^hath only Keepers and Woodwards, A Forrejl hath her Court of attach¬ ments, wore Court, wher matrers are as pleadable, and de¬ terminable, as at Wefttnufter-Hall. Laflly, they differ fomething in the fpecies of bcaft; The Hart, the Hind, the Bore, the Wolf are Forre ff-beafls. Tiic Ei/clgtlie Doe, the Fas;, the Matron, the Roe are beads belonging to a chafe and Park- The grcitdl Forrcftcr they lay that ever was in England was King Caninus the Dane, and after him Sr. Edward, ai which time Liber Rufus, the Red Book for Forefl-Lawes was made ;whereof one of the Laws v/nOinnU Homo abftineat a Venariis me is hiper pae- nam Vita-, Let every one refrain from my places of huntingupon pain of death. Henry ftt\ Emprcjfe (viz.thefccond) did ccafroreff much land, which continued all his reign,though much complain’d of; But in King John'i time mofi of the Nobles and Gentry nut in the great Medow ’nvixe Wtnforeznd Staves, to petition the King that he would dilafforeft fom, which he promifed to do, but death pre¬ vented him ; But tin Henry thethirds time the Chart, de For eft a (together with Magna Chart a ) were eftablifh’d; fothattlier was much land difafforefled, which hath bin call’d powlieiss ever lince, whereof ther wer appointed Rangers, &c. Among other innocent animals which have fuffer’d by thefe Wats, the poor Deer have felt the fury thereof as much as any; Nay, die very Vegetals have endur’d thebruntof it; Infomuch that ic is not improperly faid, Tluc England of late is full of New Lights, her Woods being cut down, and fo much deftroy’d in moft places. So craving your Lordfhips pardon for this rambling pcece of paper, I reft, My tnoft highly honour'd Lord, _ London, 3. Jour obedient and ever obliged Aug Servant, J.H. F f 4 XVII. 45 6 Familiar Letters . XVII. Vo J'/r. E. Field at Orleans. ■ Vol 4. S7A, I N your lad you write to me that you are fettled for a while in Orleans the lovelied City upon the Loire, and the bell School for gaining pure Language, for as the Attique dialed in Greece, fo the Attrelian in France doth bear the bell: But I mud tell you, though you live now upon a brave River w ch divides France well nere in two parts,yet lie is held the drunkened River in Chridet- dom, for die fwallows 32 other rivers which die difgorgethall into theSea at Nants, die may be called amore drunken river then Ebro in Spain, which takes her name from Ebrio according ro the proverb there, Me illamo Ebroporque de todas aguat bevo, I call my ielffiirobecaufc I drink of all waters. Moreover, Though you fojourn now in one of the plentifully Continents upoh Earth, yet I beleeve you will find the peeple, 1 mean the Peafans, nowhere poorer, and more JlaviJb ; which convinceth two Errors,one of Ariftotle; who affirms,that the Coun¬ trey of Gallia though bordering upon Spain, hath no Affes : If he were living now he would avouch the greated part of the Inha¬ bitants to be all Affes, they lye undec fuch an intolerable burden of taxes: The fecond Error is,That France is held to be the fretfl Countrey upon Earth to all peeple; for if a fee comes once to breath French air, he is free ipfofatlo, if we may beleeve Bodin , it being a fundamental Law of France, Servi peregrin), ut primim Gallia fines penetraverint liberi (unto. Let flranger-flaves asfoon as they fhall penetrat the borders of France be free. I know not what priviledg ft rangers may claim, but for the Native Frewi themfeives,! hold them robe under the greated fervitudeofany other Nation. Ther is another Law in France which inhibits wo¬ men tortile-, hut what benefit doth accrue by this Law all the while that women are Regent and govern thofe who do rule? which bath bin exemplified in three Queen-Mothers together; The fluguenots have long fince voted the fird two to Hell, to encreafc the number of 1 he Furies, and the Spaniard hath voted the third thither to make up the half dozen, for continuing a more violent Waragaindhernow only brother, and with more eagernes then ] her husband did. ! So I wilh you ail happines in your peregrination, advifing yoil to rake heed ofthat turbid humor of melancholy, which they fryyopare too prone ump, Fo; take this for a thatHewho makes Yol. 4. Familiar Letters. 457 makes much of Melancholy will never be rid of a tmblefom Com¬ panion ; So I reft, Gentle Su •, Union, 3. May. Tour mofi affeBionat Servant , J. H. XVIII. To the La. E. Countejfe Dowager of Sunderland. Madame, I Am bold to fend your La. to the Countrey a new Venice Look- ing-Glaffe wherein you may behold that admired Maiden-Ci¬ ty in her true complexion, together with her Government and Policy, for fhe is famous all the world over; Therefore if at your hours of leifure you pleafe to caft your eyes upon this glaffe, I doubt not but it will afford you fom objefts of entertain¬ ment, and plefure. Moreover, your Ladyihip may difeern through this glaffe, I this glaffe the motions, and the very heart of the Authour, how hecontinueth ftill, and refolves fo to do in what condition fo- ever he be, _ Madam, Union, 1 5 Junii, Tour mofl conlfant and dutiful Servant, J. H. XIX. To the R. H. the Earl of Clare. My lord, A Mong thofe high parts that go to make up a Grdmfee.which /l I find concentred in your Lordfhip,one is,the exaft know- ledg you have of many Languages, not in a fuperficial vapouring way as fom of our Gallants have now a daies, but in a moft ex- aft manner both in point of prallice , and theory, This induc’d me to give your Lordihip an account of a talk that was impos’d lately upon me by an emergent occafion touching the Original, the ^o»f/j,the changes and prefent confiftence of the French Language, which I hope may afford your Lordihip fom entertainment. . There is nothing fo incident to all Sublunary things as corrup- tions and changes; Nor is it to be wondred at, confidering that the Elements themfelves which arc the principles or primi¬ tive Ingredients whereof they be compounded, are naturally fo qualified: It were as ealie a thing for the Speftators eye to fallen ? firm lhape upon a running clowd, or to cut out a garment that but 4)3 Familiar Letters. Vd. 4 hue for a few (hies together might fir the Moon. (_ who by privj ledge ofher firuation and neighbourhood predomirurs moreov £ us then any other Celeflial bodyJ as to find ftabiiity in any thin : litre below. Nor is this common frailty, ox fatality rather, incident only u tiiegroiler fort ofEIemcmary Creture.ybu; PAard’jndy^oxt whon it pleas’d the Almighty to imprint hi; own Image, and makeliin r.s it were Lord Paramount of this Lower World, is fubjefttt ilie fame lubricity cf Mutation ; Nci: her is his Body and Blond or. ly liable thereunto, but the Idsat cfhis mind , and interior opera¬ tions of his Soul, Religion her felt with the notions of holincfs, and the formaliry of Living faith not excepted, nay, the very fa- cu’ry of Reafin (ns we find it too tru by late experieitce 3 is fub- jeft to the fame inftablenes, Etittocometoourprefentpurpofe, among other priviledges which arepeculiar to mankind .asEinanarjons flowing from die hnclkd:,Language is none of the leifl,And Languages arc fubjefi to the fame fits of inconftancy and alteration as much as ary tiling els, fpecially the French Language; Nor can it feem firange to thofe who know the Airy volatil humor of that Nation, tliai their fpeech fiiould partake fomewhat of the difpofiticn of their fpirit, but will rather wonder it hath receiv’d no oftner change, fpecially confideting what outward caafcs did alfoconcur ther- uuto; As that their Kings fiiould makcj/x feveral Voyages to con- oner orconfcrve whar was got in the HJy Land, Confideting alfo how long the Eng/i/7; being a pceple of another fpeech kept firm footing in the heart of France. - Add hereunto the If 'am and Weddings chey had with tiieir Neighbours, which, by the long fc- journcf their Armies in other Countreys caus’d by the firfj, ar-d the forren Courtiers that came in with the fecund, might intro¬ duce a frequent alceration.-For Languagcsare like Lawsor Coincs which commonly receive fom change at every fliift of Princes; Or as flow Rivers by infenfiblc alluvions rake in and let out the Wa¬ fers that feed them, yet are they faid to have the fame beds, fo Languages by a regardlefs adoption of lome new words, and ma- numiflionofold do often vary, *yet tile whole bulk cf the fpeech keeps entire. • Touching the rru ancient and genuin Language of the Gaules, fom would have it to be a dialed of the Dutch fithcxs of the Greek. and fom of the Britijh or V/elfh. Concerning this la ft opinion, therbemany reafons to fortifie it, which are net altogether to be flighted. The firfi is, that the ancient Gaules us’d to com frequently to be mffru&ed here by the Britijh Druyds who were the Divines - and !W. 4. ■ Familiar Letters. 459 i land Philofophers of thofe rimes, which they would not probably ' hive done, unlcfs by mutual communication they had underftood , one another in fom Vulgar Language, for this was before the i Greek. or Latin came this fide the Alps, or that any. Books were | i.ritten, and there are no meaner men then Tacitus and Csfar i iiimfelf who record this. The fecond reafon is, that ther want not good Geographers ; who hold, that this Illaml was tied to Gallia at firfit (as fome fay Skilly was to Calabria, and Denmark, to Germany) by an Iftmos or neck of land from Calais to Dover ; for if one do well obferve the quality of the Clifts on both (bores, his eye will judge that they were but one homogeneal peece of earth at ftrft, and that they were flenred and fhiver’d afunder by fome aft of violence, as the ; impetuous waves of the Sea. The third reafon is, thatbefore the Romanes conquer’d the Gaules, the Countrey was call’d Wallin whicli the Rowans call’d Gallia, turning W into G as they did els where, yet the Walloon j keeps his radical letter to this day, j The fourth reafon is, that there be divers old Gaulick words j Jet remaining in the French which are pureBnrrj/i; both for fer.fe I and pronunciation^ Havre a Haven, which is the fame in Weljh; j ierichef agzm.putaine a whore ,arrain brake money .prtm an inrer- ; jeftion of flopping,or driving of a bead;, but fpecially, when one ! fpeafcs any o'd word in French that cannot be underflood, they i fay llpark B aragmin, which is to this day in Weljh, White bread. | Laftly^ Faufanias faith, That Mark, in the Celtik old breach j toting fignifieth a horfe, and itfignifieth the fame in Weljh. Sor though it be difpurablc whether the BrittifJ) fireel^ot Dutch was t |, e Original Language of the Gattles. certain it is that it was r ' le Walloon (but I confine my felf to Gallia Celsica, which when 'he Roman Eagle had faftned his talons there, and planted 23. legions up and down the Countrey,he did in traft of time utter¬ ly cUtinguifh; It being the ordinary ambition of Rome wherefo- everfhe prevail’d,to bring in her Language and Lawes alio with die Lance; which yet file could not do in Sjwio,or this Iflsndjie- nufe they had Polls and places of faftnefs to retire unto, as Bif- cay and Wales, where Nature hath cafi up thofe Mountains as pro- Pugnacles of defence, therefore the very aboriginal Languages of both Countreys remain there to this day. Now France being a paSTable and plain previousContinent.theilitwmir quickly diffus’d and rooted rhcmlelves in every part thereof, and locoplar.ted their Language, which in a fhort revolution of time cimq* robe call’d Romani-, But when the Franconians a peeple of Germ ary afterwards to invade, andpofieilc Gallia, bothfpeech and peeple 460 Familiar Letters. Vol 4 peeple was call’d French everafter, which is nere 1300 yeeri fince. Now as all other things have their degrees of growing, fo L at, guages have before they attain a perfe&ion: We find that the 4 tin her felfin the times of the Sabint was but rude, afterwards un¬ der Emins and Cato the Cenfor it was refin’din twelve Tables; but in C&far , Cicero and Salufts time It came to the higheft pitch of purity,and fo dainty were the Romans of their Language then, that they would not fuffer any exotic or ftrange word to be en¬ franchis’d among them, or enter into any of their Diphmata and public Inflruments of Command, o.r Juftice ;The word Em- blema having got into one, it was thruft out by an exprefle EiiS oftheSenat, but Mompolium had with much ado leave to flay in, yec not without a large Preface and Apologie: A little after, the Latin tongue in the vulgarity therof began to degenerat, and de¬ cline very much, out of which degeneration fprang up the halt ji S pam'll) and French. Now, the French Language being fet thus upon a Latin flock, hath receiv’d fince fundry habitudes, yec retaining to thisday from Latin words entire, as animal, cadaver , tribunal, non, pint, qui, os, with a nomber of others. Childeric one of the firft race of French Kings commanded by publick Edift, that the 4 Greek .Letters 0X$T ihould be added to the French Alphabet to make the Language more mafeulin and firenuous, but afterwards it was not long obferv’d. Nor is it a worthies obferv'ation, thatL anguages ufe to comply with the humor, and to difplay much the inclination of a peeple; The French Nation is quick and fprieful, fo is his pronunciation: The Spaniard is flow and grave, fo is his pronunciation; For the Spanifh and French Languages being but branches of the La¬ tin Tree, the one may be call’d Latin (hortned, and the other La- fin drawn out at length; as Corpus, Tempm, Caput, &c. are mono- Syllables in French, as Corps,temps,Caps or Chef -, whereas the Spa¬ niard doth add to them, asCuerpo, Tiempo,Cabeca, And indeed of any other the Spaniard affefts long words, for he makes fom thrice as long as they are in French, as of Levs me nt a riling, he makes Levantamientr, of Penfee a thought, he makes Fenfamien- t: i of Compliment he makes Complimiento: Eefides the Spaniard doth ufe topaufefo in his pronunciation, tiiat. his Toung feldom foreruns his Witt .and his brain may very well raife and fuperfete a fccond thought before the full be utter’d : Yet Is not the French fo hafly in his utterance as he feems to be, for his quicknes or volubility proceeds partly from that concatenation he ufeth a- moog his fyllables, by Jinking the fyllable of the precedent word ml 4. Familiar Letters. 461 withtlielaff of the following, fothatfomtimesa whol fentenceis Ijnade in a manner but one word, and he who will fpcak the french roundly and well, mufl obferve this Rule. The French Language began firftto be polifh’d, and arrive to that delicacy ftie is now com unto, in the midft of the raign of Phi¬ lip de Va\'M. Mm ol did fomthing under Franck thefirli, (which King was aReflorerof Learning in general, as well as of Lan¬ guage-,') But RonfarddiA more under Henry the fecond: Since thefe Kings there is little difference in the context of fpeech, but only in the choice of words, and foftnes of pronunciation, pro¬ ceeding from fuch wanton fpirits that did miniardize and make the Language more dainty and feminine. But to fhew whac-changes the French hath receiv’d from what it was,I will produce thefe few infiances in verfe and profe which Ifoundin fome Ancient Authors: The firfi dial! be of a Genie- woman that tranflated Efops Fables many hundred yeers fines out of Enilrfh into French , where fhe concludes, Aufinement de cejl' Efcrit Qn’en Romans ay tourne et dit ; Me nommer ay par remembrance , Marie ay mm )e fnif de France Per V amour de Conte Guillaume Le plus vaillant de ce Royaume, /• M entremis de ce livrefaire Et deV Angloit en Roman traire, Efope appelle l' on cil L m e, •. Qu^on tranflata etfit Efcrire ; De Griec en Latin le tonrna , Et le Ror Alvert qtti l' ama } Le tranflata puis en Aigloi\, Er je /’ ay tourne en Francois. Out of the Roman de l a Rofe I will produce this Example, Quand ta touche toucha lay moye, Ce fut dont auCceurjeus joye ; Sire Juge, domes fentence Parmoy,Car,lapucelle eft moye, Two of the mod ancient and approved!! Authors in French are Geoffryde VillardovinKlitlhal of Campagne, and Hagues de Berjy a Munk of Clugny in the Reign of Philippe Augufle above 500 yeers frace, from theml will borrow thefe two enfuing Examples, -the firfi from the Marfhal, upon a Cnifada to the Holy Land. Scachie^ que l' an n 83 am apres l'incarnation al temps Inno- w 3. Apofloille de Rome, et Philippe Roy Je France, et Richard d’ Engleterre eut an Saint homme en France, qui et mm Folque Je ' 4^2 Familiar Letters. Vel. 4 it Knilly, et ilerepreflre, ct remit leparo/chre de la ville. et ce pj guecommenca a parler de Bicx, et mjlre fire fit tnanits miracles p- lay, Src. Hugttes ieBerfy who made the Guict Bible fomuch fpokcni: France, begins thus in verfe, D'oun fiecle pliant et horrible M'e fluet cmmencer une Bible, Fer poindre, ctper at guilhnner Etper bons exempts donner, Ce nert une Bible bifongere Ma fine, et voire et droit mi ere Mirotter ert a tout is gens■ If one would compare the Eng'ilh that was'fpoken in draft times which is about jdoyeers fn;ce, vvitli theprefent, he fliouid find a greater alteration. Eut to know how much the Modern French differ from the in¬ dent,let him read our Common Law,which was held good Frew in William the Conqueror’s time. Furthermore, among other cbfervations; I find that ther arc fmn fingle words antiquated in the French which feem to be more rigmficant then thofe that are come in their places, as Mar am, paratre^latre.firourge, a flepp-mother, aftepp-father, a Jon o; daughter in law, a filler in law, which now they expreffe in two words, belle mere , beau pert, belle fm\ Moreover, I find ther art fom words now in French which are turn’d to a counterfenfe,_ai we ufe the Dutch word cranh in Englifh to be veil difpos'd, which in the Original figoificth to be ficl^, So in French Cocu is taken fot one whofe wife is light, and hath made him a paffive Cucpli] w hcreas clean cont.rary Cocu which is the Cuckow, doth ufe tolaj her eggs in another birds neft. This word pleiger isalfo to drink afrer one is drunk unto, whereas the firfl true fenfe of the word was, that if the party drunk uuto was not dispos’d to drink him' felf, he would put another for a pledge to doit for him, els the party who began would take it ill. Eefides, this word Abry deriv’d from the .Latin apricscs, is taken in French foraclofe place or flielcer,whereas in thtOriginal it fignifieth an open frecSunfiiint, They now term in French a free boon-Companlon, Roger b'j temps, whereas the Original is rouge bon temps, reddifli and fair weather: They ufe aifo in France when one hatha good bargain to fiy, II ajoue a boule veu.e, whereas the Original is a benne vent- A Beacon or Watch-Tower is call’d Beffroy, whereas the tru word is L'effroy : A travelling warrant is call’d Faffeport, whereas the Original is paffepar tout. When one is grown hoarfe, they tile to 6 y, II a veu le hup , he hath feen the Wolf, whereas that effect of 1 hoarfneG fol 4. Familiar Letters. 46$ 1 -oarfnes is wrought i n whom the Wolf hath feen firft, according to Pliny, and die Poet. - Lap! ilium 'aider e prices, Thereis one faying or proverb which isobfervable, whereby France doth confciie her fc!f ro be ft"! indebted to, England , which is, when one hath paid all hi_s Creditors, he ufeth to fay ,)' aypayetous mes Anglois, fo that in this, end other phrafes Anghit is taken for Craevcier or Creditor, And I prefumc it had its foundation from this, that when the French wer hound bv Treaty in Bretigny to pay England.fo much for tire ranfom of King John then prifoner, the contribution Jay fo heavy upon the peep'e, that for many ycers they could not make up the fumme: The cccafion might be feconded in Henry the 8. time ,at the fur rend ry of£«//ra,and upon other Treaties, as alfo in Queea Elizabeths reign, befides the moneys which (he had diiburs’d her feifto put the Crown on Henry the fourth’s head,which makes me think on a paffage that is recorded in Pafquier, that happen’d when the Duke of Anjou under pretence of wooing the Queen came over into England, who being brought to her prefence, me told him, He was com in a good time to remain a pledg for the moneys that France owed her Father, and other of her Proge¬ nitors ; vvhercunto the Duke anfwer’d, That he was com not only te be apledge , but her clofe prifoner. Titer be two other Payings in French, which though they be obfolete, yet are. they worthy the knowledge; the firft is, Jla perdue fes cheveux, he hath left his hair ,meaning his honor ; For in the firft race of Kings tlicr was a Law ci\\'ALa loy de la Cbeveleurc , whereby it was lawful for the Noblejfe only to wear long hair, and ifanyof them had committed fom foul and ignoble aft, they us’d to be condemn’d to have their long hair to be cut off as a mark ofignomiuie, and it was as much as if he had been Meuepdeli^d, viz. burnt on the back or band, or branded in the face. The other Proverb was, lla quitte fa denture, he hath given up his girdle, which intimated as much as if he had becom bankrupt, or had all hiseftate forfeited, It being the ancient Law of France, that when any upon fom offence had that penal¬ ty ofconfifcation infliftedupon him, he us’d before the Tribunal, of Juffice to giveup his Gircfc, implying thereby, that the girdle hcldevery thing that belong’d to a mans eflate, as his budget of money and writings, the keys of his Houfe, with his Sword,Dag¬ ger and Gloves, &c. I will add hereunto another Proverb which had bin quite loft, nadnot our Order of the Garter preferv’d it, which is, Honyfoii mal yperfe, thiswe Englifb; 111 to him who thinly ill } though the 464 Familiar Letterj. Vel. 4, the true fenfe be, Let him be bewrayed who thinly any ill, being a Metaphor taken from a child that hath beray’d his clouts, and I dare fay ther’s not one of a hundred in France who underflands this word now adayes. Furthermore, I find in the French Language, that the fame fate hath attended fome French words, as ufually attend men, a- mong whom fom rife to preferment, others fall to decay and aa undervalue; I will inflance in a few; This word Maiftrewaa word of high eftcem in former times among the French, and ap- pliable to Noblemen, and others in high office only, but now ’ds fallen from the Baron to the Boor, from the Count to the Cobler, or any other mean artifan, as Mai fire Jean le Sauveikr, Mr. John the Cobler; Maiftre Jaquet le Cabaretier, Mr. Jammy the Tapfier. 1 She, wasaIfoappropriateoniytotheKing,butnowaddinga name after it, ’tisappliableto any mean man upon the Endow¬ ment of a Letter or otherwife: But this word Souverain hath rais’d it felf to that pitch of greatnes, That it is applied now only to the King, whereas in times pafs’d, the Prefident of any Court, any Bayliffor Senefhal was us’d to be fo call’d Souverain. Marejhal likewife was at firfl the name of a Smith, Farrier, or one that drefs’d horfcsjmt it is climb’d by degrees to that height, thac the chiefeft Commanders of the Gendarmery and Militia of France are com to ne call’d Marfliah ,which about ioo yeers fince were but two in all, whereas now they aretwelve. This title Majefly hath no great antiquity in Fr:cept one] nor will there ever be any hereafter, but had his frailties, and chele frailties in Kings ate like ftaines in the purefl Scarlet,which are more vifible: What are bur motes in others, are as beamesk them, becaufe that being mounted fo high, they are more ex¬ pos’d to the eye of the World: And if the Hiftorian points happiy at fome of thofe motet in the Royal Ok ?i he makes good what lie promis’d in the Entrance of the Foreft, that he would endeavor to make a conflant grain of eve ms,, and impartiality to paffc through the whole bulk of that Arborical Difcourfe. We read that ther being a high feud ’twixt Cicero and Vatinm who had crooked bow-leggs, Vatinm having the advantage of pleading firft, took occafion to give a touch himfelf of his natural imperfeftion that way,that he might toilers an[am,that he might byway of prevention cut offthe advantages and intention which Cicero might have had toafperfe him in that particular; the ap¬ plication hereof is eafre and obvious. Eur if the fober minded Reader obfervewc!' what is fpoken elfewhere of the Ok? throughout the body and ferie^ofthe dory he will eafriy conclude, that ’twas far from the dtiign of the Au- • tbor out of any felf or finifler ends to let any Comer droppings fall from | Vol. 4. Familiar Letters. 46 $ ’ from thefe Trees to hurt thet%; and give me leave to tell you, I That He who hath butasmuchwitas nny fuffice to preferve him j from being begg’d for a Fool will judg fo. j Laftly, they who know any thing of the Lawesof Hiftory, do j well know, that verity and indifference are two of the prime ver- | tues that are requifit in a Cbmicler. The fame anfwer may ferve I to flop their mouths who would fay fomthing, if they could tell | what, againfl my Survey of’.he Sigmry'of Venice, and dedicated, to : | the Parlement of England, a? if the Author had chang’d hisprin- •j ciples, and were affefted to Rei'nbliques wheras tiler’s not a fyl- jlable therein hut what makes for Monarchy: thetfore I rather j piety then repine at fuch poor Critiques, with the fliallowncs of 1 their Judgments. ij Thus much I thought good to intimat unto you, not that I I miflrufl your own cenfure, which I know to be candid and deer, 3 but that i f ther be occafion you may Vindicar I Tour truly affetfionat I Lond. 4. Apr. Servant, J. H. XXIV. To the Right Honour able the La. E. Savage, afterwards Comtejfe Rivers.' Excellent Lady, A mong thofe multitudes that claim aflizre in the Ioffe of fo preciousa Lord,mine is sot the leaft ,0 how willingly could I have meafur’d with my feet, and perform’d a pilgrimage over all thofe large Continents wherein I have travail’d, ro have rer prlev’d him / Truly Madam, I (hall mourn for him while I have aheart bearing in my brefl; and though Time may mitigat the fenfeof grief, yet his Memory fhaii be tome, like his Worth and Vermes, everlafling: But it is not fo much to be lamented that he bath left us, Oc being fo infinitly to his advantage} as that he hath left behind fo few like him. Iconfeffe, Madame, this is the weighriefl crofie that pollibly could com to cxercife your patience, butlknowyourLadiriiip tobe both Pious and Prudent in the highefl degree, let theone preferve you from exceffe of forrow, which may prove irreligious ft Heaven; and the other keep you from being injurious to your felf, and to that goodly brave IfTue of his, which may ferve as fo many living Copies of the Original. God Almighty comfort your Ladifhip, fo prayerh, Madam, Tour mft humble, and londm , 2. Feb. firrowfull-fervant, J. H. Gg'3 1 XXV. 47° Familiar Letters. Vol 4 , XXV. To the Right honorable John Lo. Sa. My Lord, I Should be much wanting to my felf, i£ I did norcongratulat your lately defeended Honors: But truly, my Lord, this con¬ gratulation is like 2 vapor exhal’d fromaSoyl overwhelm’d with a fudden inundation, fuch is theftate of my mind at this time, tt being o’recaft with a thick fogg of grief for the death ofyour incomparable Father. f pray from the centre of my heart that you may inherit his high worth and vertues as you doall things els, and I doubt it not having difeover’d in your nature fo many pregnancies, and fpar- kles of innated honor. So I reft in quality of London, io. Tour Lordfhips most humble Decernb. Servant,}. H. XXI. To Mr. J. Wilfon. sir, I Receiv’d yours of the ioth. current, and I have many thanks to give you, that you fo quaintly acquaint me how varioufly thepulfe of the Pulpiters beat in your Town; Touching ours here (by way ofcorrefponding with you J fie tell you ofone whom I heard lately ; for dropping cafually into a Church in Thames- Street, I fell upon a Winter-Preacher who fpoke of nothing but of the fireand flames of Hell,fo that ifa Scythian or Greenlander who are habituated to fuch extreme cold had heard and underftood him,would have thought lie had preached o(Parad'tce,His mouth me thought did fume with the Lake of brimflon, with the Infer¬ nal torments, and the thundringsofthe Law,not a fyllable of the jSofpel, fo I concluded him tobe oneofthofe who ufe to preach the L.-rwin the Church, and the Gofpel in their chambers, where iftiey makefom female hearts melc into peeces: He repeated his Text once, But God knoweshow far it was from the fubjeft of his preachment; He had alfo hot and fiery incitements to War, and to fwim in blood for the Caufe : But after he had run away from his Text fo long, the Spirit led him intoa wildernefs of prayer) andtherllefthim. God amend all, and begin with me, who am London ,$, • Your affured f end Jfh-. , to feme you, J. H. XXII. [ Vol. 4. Familiar Loiters, 471 j XXII. ! To Sir E. S. SIR, J N the various courres of my wandring life, I have had occafion j' rofpend fom part ofmy time in/urcndcorrcTpondences wiili riivers, but I never remember that i plcaf’d my felfmore in pay¬ ing thefe civilities to any then to yonr felf; for win n f undertake this talk, I find rhac my my band, and my heart goalljb willingly about i-, The Invention cf the one, the grnti.’ical office of the other, and the affcflimoi the laft are fo ready to obey me in performing the work; work do I call it ? vis rather a fporr, my penandp;pcr are as a cbefiboard, or as your Mrument ofMitjic are to you when you would recreat your harmonious foul: whence this proceeds I know not, unlefs it be from a charming kind of rertue that your Letters carry with them to work upon :ny fpitits, which are fo full of facete and familiar frendly (trains, and fo punctual in anfwering every part of mine, thatyoumay give the I.atvof E?ipdh(ing to all Mankind- Touching your Poet l.aureat 5%/ron, I found him (at laft, as I told you btforejfkulking in DKc(;/unf,pitdfuIIy tatter’d and torn, and as the times are, I do not think it worth the labor and coft to put him in better clothes, for the Genius oftheAge is quite another thing, yet titer be fom lines of his which*! think wi'l ne¬ ver be out of date for their quaint fenfe; and with thefe I will clofe this Letter, and falute you as he did his- frend with thefe options: Solve plus decks qu.nn flint momenta dicrura, Qian fpecies geucrum, quit Res, quot vomina Kerim, Quot path flora, qiiot pint it in ork colons, Quot pi fas, quot Avis, qiiot font ct in ; uhlchistime enough ro have traveled notonelyi hundred Englijh, but fo many Helvetian miles that are five tinw bigger, ferinfem places they contain forty furlongs, wherasoun have but eight, tmltfc it be in V/ales wher they are allowed be. ter mefure, or in the North parts wher ther is a wea bit to eveij mile: But that ycurs {hom'd be a whole month in making fcarct iooEnglifir miles, f for the difhrce between us is no more jit If range to me, unlcfie you purpofely font it by John Long the Car¬ rier. I know being fo ticrc Lemfters Oi e that you dwell in a gentle foyl which is good for cnccfe as well r.s for cloth, herfore if yet fendmea gcodone,IfbtlI return my Cofen your Wife fomtlurt from hence that may be equivalent; Ifyon ncgkft me, I (lull think that Wales is rclapfcd into her fir ft bnrbarifmcs; for Strait makes it one of his argumentsprove the Britain! mirbarou 1 , bccaufe they had not the Art ofniakim- r.becf: tM the Roman came: But I believe you will preferv.-. < >oni tins impuraticj again. I know you can want no good £.. ;',rercabcuts, which, as they favherc, grows fofaft in ibmeot mer fie-Ms, that if oik fiiould put his Hot fe there over night, he firoubl not find him again the next morning. So with my very rdptftful commends to your felf, and ro the partner of your couch, and cares, I red, my dear Cofen, Touts always to Lmd.e,. Jm. difpfeof, J H, XXIX. To W. Roberts. Eh- SIR, T HE VominitalPnyer, and the Apoflollical Creed, (whereof ther was fucha hot difpure in our laft conversation} are two A fts tending to the fameobjeft of devotion, yet they differ in this, that we conclude allm thefirft, and our [elves only in the freond, one may begg for another, buthemuft beleeve for him- fd f, ther is no nian can beleeve by a deputy; The articles of the Creed are as the twelve (igns in the Zodiak of Foiri,which make way for the Sun of Right eoufaes to paffe through the centre of our hearts, as a Gentleman doth wittily compare them: But what offence the Lords Prayer , or the Creed have committed ('together with the Ten Cotnmandements') astobeas it were banifhed the Church of late yeers, I know not; confidering that the whole ] office of a Chriffian may be faid to be comprehended in them, for fhc laft preferibes us what we fliould do, the fccond what we VoU 4. Familiar Letterf. 473 ftould bek eve, the third how and what we fhould pray for: Of all the Heretiques that ever I heard of, 1 never read ot any who bore analogy with thefe. Touching other opinions, they are but old fanfies newly fur- bifh’d; Ther wer Adamits in former times, and Rebapti^ers: Tber wer Icomclafta, deftroyers of Images, but I never read of StauroclaJh, Dcftroyersof Crofics: Ther wer alfo Agoniclita, who held it a fuperftition to bow the knee; bcfides, ther were tbofe who Rumbled at rhe Refurreftion, asroomanydo now: Ther wer Arrears alfo who malign’d Bifhops and the-Hierarchy of the Church, hut we read thofe Aeiians turn’d Arrians, and Atheifts at Iafl: The greatefl Gree^and Latin Fathers inveigh a- gainft thofe Aerians more bitterly then againft any other: Chry- fittotn faith, Heretiques who have learnt of the Devil not to give due honor to Bi(hops ; and Eplphanm faith, It it the vohe of a Devil, ra¬ ther then of a chriftian, that the r it no difference 'twixt a Biflnp and a Presbyter, &c. Good Lord, what fiery cla/hings we have had lately for a Cap and a Surplice. 1 what an Ocean of human blcud was fpilt for Ce¬ remonies only, and outward formalities, for the bare poficion of a table! But as we find the ruffling winds to be commonly in Cr- miteries, and about Churches,fo the eagerft, and moft fanguinary Wars are about Religion, and ther is a great deal of weight in that diflich of PrudentU, Sic mores produnt animum, et mihi credite femper Junllut cum falfo eft dogmate cadis amor. Let the Turk fpread his Alcoran by the fword, but let Chriftia- nity expand her (elf dill by a pafiive fortitude, wherein fhe al- tvaies gloried: We live in a ftrange Age,when evry one is in love with his own Fancy, as Narciffm was with his Pace, and this is true fpiritual pride, the ufiiererin of all confufions; The Lord deliver us from it, and grant we may poffefle our fouls with patience, till the great wheel of providence turn up another fpoke that may point at peace,and unanimity among poor mortals; In thefe hopes I reft London, 5. Jan. Tours entirely, J, H. XXX. To Howcl Guyn Efq", My much endeared Cofen, T Send you herwith according to your defires the Eritifh or Welfh 1 Epitaph(Tor the Saxons gave us that new name, calling us Welfh- tnen or Grangers in our own Countrey} which Epitaph was found i.u the Weft-Indies upon Prince Madoc neer npon dooyeers fince: Madoc 474 Familiar Letters. T’oL 4 Madcc wif mw y die wed },i wngenan Owen Gwyneth, Ni ftnr.itm dir fyemidd oedd, Ni da mover ondy moroedd. Which is Englifli’d thus in Mr. Herberts Travels. Mnloc ap Owen was I call'd , Strong, tall, andcomlf, not imhrall'd With home-breedplefure, but for Fame Through Land and Sea I fought the fame. This Briiifh Prince Mr.doc (as many Authors make mention) made two Voyages thither, and in the Jafl left' hi; bones there, upon which this Epiraph lay. Thcrbe other pregnant rcmsikt that the Britifti were there, for theris a Promontory not far from Mexico call’d Cape Britain, theris a creek call’d Gynawr, which is in Welch V/hite-water, with other words, as you i.Uall find in Mr, Herberts and other j they had alfo the fign of the Crofli in reve¬ rence among them. And now that I am upon Britifl lobfcrvations, I will tell you fomthing of this name Howell, which is your fit ft, and vnyfecond name; palling lately hy the Cloyflers of the Abbey at IVeflminfier, I flopp'd up to the Library that Archbifhop Williams credo! there, and I lighted upon a French Hillorian, Bertram a Argentic Lord of forger, -vho was Prefident of the Court of Parlemcnt in Rones the chief Town of little Brit.iny in France call’d Armories, which is a pure Welfh word,and lignifics a Countrey bordring up¬ on the Sea as that doth, and was firfl coloniz’d by the Britains of this Ifland in the reign of Theodofun the Emperour.A^Sy.uhofe Language they yet preferve in their radical words: In that Hi- dorian I found that tiler were four Kings of that Countrey of the name Hopelfv iz. Howell the firfl, Howell the fecond, Howell the Great, (who bore up fo ftoutly againft JFtm the famous Ramon General.) and Howel the fourth, that were all Kings of Armori- ca, or the leffer Britany , which continued a Kingdom till the yeer 874, at which time the title was chang’d to a Duchy but Souvrain of it felf, till it was reduc’d to the French Crown by Francis thefirfl. Ther arc many Families of quality of that name to this day in France-, And one of them defir’d to be acquainted with me by the mediation of Monfieur Augieur who was there A- gent for England. Touching the Caftle of Good King Howell hard by you, and other ancient places ofthatname, you know tjiem better then I, but the bed title which England hath to Wales is by that Caftle, as a great Antiquary told me: So in a ttu bond of frendfhip, as well as of bloud, I red, Land. 8, Off Yeunmft (iffeflhmat Cofen, J.H. f 0 l. 4. Familial- Letters. 475 XXX. T0 W. Price at Oxon. hi; free fain Nephew, T 5 H-’ r could hardly better news be brought to me, then to un- i derlland that you are fogreara Saidetir, and that having paft’d through the bryers of Logic, you fall fo clofe to Pbilofophy : Yet I do not like your method in one thing, that you are fo fond of new Authors, and negleft the old, as I hear you do: It is the ingrateful genius of this Age,that if any SciclifI can find a hole in an old Authors coat, he will endeavor to make it much more wide, thinking to make himfelf fom body therby; 1 am none of thofe, but touching the Antients, I hold this to be a good Moral Rule, Laudandum quod bene, ignofeendum quod aliter dixerunt: Tile older an Author is, commonly the moreJolid he is, and the grea¬ ter Teller of truth: This makes me chink onzSpanifh Captain, who being invited to a Fifh-dinner, and coming late, he fate ac the lower end of the Table where the fmall fifil lay,the great ones being at tile upper end; thereupon he took one cf the little filh and held it to his ear, his Camarades afk’d him what he meant by that ? He anfwer’d in a fad tone, Som 30 yeers fince my Father pa fling from Spain to Dnrbary was call away in a rtorm, and I am alking this little fifil whether he could tell any tydings of his bo¬ dy, he anfwers me, that lie is too young to tell me any thing, but thofe old Filh at your end of the Table may fay fomthing to it, fo by that trick of drollery he got his fhareofthem : The applica¬ tion iscafic, therefore I advife you not to negleft old Authors, for though we be com as it were.to the Meridian of truth,yet rher be many Neoterical Commentators and felf-conceited Writers that eciipfe her in many things, and go from 0bfeurum to obfeurius. Give me leave to tell you,Cofen, that your kindred and frends with all the world befidcs, expeft much from you in regard of the ptegnancy of your fpirit, and thofe advantages you have of 0- thers, being nowatthefource of all knovvlcdg: I was told of a Countrey-man who coming to Oxford, and being at the Towns¬ end, flood Jiftning to a flock of Geefc, and a few doggs that were hard by, being alk’d thereafon, He anfwer’d that he thought the Gesfe about Oxford did gaggle Greek., and the Doggs barbed in La. tin ; If fom in the world think fo much of thofe irrational poor cretures that take in Univerfity air, what will your frends in the Countrey expeft from you who have the Inflrument ofreafon ia fuch a perfection, and fo well llrung with a tenacious Memory, a quick underftanding, and rich invention, all which Iliavedifco- 476 Familiar Letters. Vcl. 4, ver’d fn you, and doubt not but you will employ them to the comfort of your Trends, your own cadir. and the particular con¬ tentment of Tour truly ajjelHonat Loud. 3. Febr. Vncle, J. H. ' XXXII. To Sir K.D. in Paris. S 7R, I Had h'n guilty offuch an offence wherof I fhould never have abfolv’d my felf, Ifl had Emitted fohandfom an opportunity toquicken my old devotions to you: Among thofe multitudes here we refent your bard condition,and the protraftions of yout bufines, ther is none who is fnore fenfible that fo gallant and fub- lime a fou 1 ( fo much renowned throughout the World ) fhould meet with fuch harfh trav'erfes of fortune; For my felf, I am like an Almanack out-ofdatc, lam grown an unprofitable thing, and good for nothing as the times run, yetin your bufines I fhall play the Whetftonc, which though ic be a dull thing of it felf, and cannot cut, yet it can make other bodies to cut, fo Stall I quicken thofe who have the managing of your bufines, and power to do you good, whensoever 1 meet them. So I reft Lend, 2. Sept. Tour thirty yean Servant, J.H. XXXIII. To Mr. R. Lee in Antwerp. SIR, A N acre of performance is worth the whole Land of Ptomife ; Befides, as the Italian hath it, Deeds are men, and words women: you pleas’d fo promifeme when you fhook-hands with England to barter Letters with me ; But wheras I writ to you a good while fince by Mr. Simon’s ,I have not receiv’d a fyllable from you ever fince. The rimes here frown mere and more upon the Cavaliers, yet their minds arebuoyd np ftiil with ftrong hopes; fomof them being lately in company offuch whom the Times favor, and re¬ porting fom comfortable newesw theRoyalifts fide, oneofthe other anfwer’d, Thus you Cavaliers ftiil fool your felves, and buildalwaies CafUes in the air-, therupon a fudden reply was made Where will you have w to build them els, for you have tak/n all our Lands from ui? I know what you will fay when you read this A pox on thofe true jells. This tale puts me in mind of another; Ther was a Gentleman lately Vol. 4. ‘ Familiar Ltters. 477 lately who was offer’d by the Parlemenc a parcel of Church or Crown Lands equivalent to his arrears, and aflring Counfelofa frena of his which he fliould rake, lie anfvver’d Crown Lands by all means, for if you take them-, you run a hazard only to be bang'd, but ifyou take Church-Lands you are fure to be damn'd, wherunto the other made him a fhrewd reply, Sir, lie tellyou a tale jTher was an old Ufurer not far from London, who had train’d up a dogg of his to bring his meat after him in a handbafket, fo chat in time the fliagg dogg was fo well bred, that his Mafler us’d to fend him by himfelf to Smithfidd Shambles with a bafket in his mouth, and a note in the bottom thereof to his Butcher, who accordingly would put in what joynt ofmeathe writ for, and the dogg would carry it handfomly home •, It happen’d one day, that as the dogg was carrying a good fiioulder of Mutton home to his Matter, he was lit upon by a company of other huge doggs who fnatch’d a- tvay the bafket, and fell to the Mutton; The other dogge meafu- ring his ownttngle ttrength, and finding he was too weak to re¬ deem his Matters Mutton, faid within himfelf, fasweread the like of Ciyfippm's deggj nay, fince there is no remedy you lhall be hang’d before you have all: I will have alfo my Chare, andfo fell a eating amongft them •, I need not faid he, make the appli¬ cation unto you, ’ds too obvious, Therfore I intend to have my Iharc alfo of the Church-Lands. In that large Lift of frends you have left behind you here, I am onewhoisvery fenfible that you have thus banilh’d your felf; It is the high will of heaven that matters fliould be thus, Therfore Quiddivinitm accidit liumiiiter, quod ab haminibui vhili:er feren- dm\ We mutt manfully bear what comes from men, and humbly what comes from above: The Pagan Philofophcr tells us, Quod divmtns contingh homo a fe nulla arte cifpellet, Ther is no ler.ee againft that which comes from heaven, whofcdecieesareirre- rcrfable. Your frends in Fleet-Jlreet are all well both long-coats and Chore coats, and fo is Tour inalterable frendto bond. 9. Nov. love andferve you, J.'H. XXXIV. To Sir J. Tho. Knight. T Her Is no requeft of yours but is equivalent to a command with me;and vvheras you crave my thoughts touching a late liiflory publifh’d by one Mr. Wilfin, which relays the Life of King James, 478 Familiar Utters. y 0 l,^ James, though I know for manv veers your own judgment to he Itror.g and cleer enough of it felf, yet to comply with your di- fires, and for to oblige you that way another time to me, I will deliver you my opinion. I cannot deny but the thing is a painful pcere, and proceed; after a hanfome method in drawing on the feries andthreed of the ftory, butitiseafily difeernabie, that a partial Presbyterian vein goes conflantly throughout the whole work. And you know it is the genicus of that peepie to pry more then they fhouid imo the Courts and comportments of Princes, and take any occafion to traduce and bcfpatter them: So doth this Writer, who en¬ deavors all aIong(among other things^to make the word bclcevc that King James and his Son after him were inclin’d to Popery, and to bring it into England : Whereas I dare avouch,that neither of them entertain’d the lealt thought that way, they had as much defign to bring in Prejler-John as the Pope, or Mahomet as foon as the Majfe ; This conceit made the Writer to be fubjeft to ma¬ ny tniftakes, and mifrcprefcnratior.s, which fo fnorc a circuit as 1 Letter cannot comprehend. Yet I will inflance in one groffe mifiake he hath in relating j pnflage which concerns Sir Elias Hicks, a worthy Knight, and a fellow-fervant of yours and mine. And he doth not only mifre- paefent the bufinefs, but he fouly lfperfeth him with the terms of unmrthlncs, and infamy ; The truth of that paffage is as follow- eth, and I had it from very good hands : Intheyeer, 1621. The French King making a general Warr a- gainft Them of the Religion, bcleager’d Montauban in Perfon, while the Duke of Efpermn block’d up Rochel : The King having layn a good while before the Town, a cunning report was rais’d that Rochell was furrendred, this report being blown into Men- tauban, muft needs difbearten them of Rochell, being the prime and tenableft propugnacle they had; Mr. flick* happen’d to be then in Rochell, being commended by Sit George Goring to the Marquis de la force, who was one of them that commanded in chief, and treated Mr. flicks with much civilliry, fofarthathe took him to be one of his domeftic Attendants: The Rochellen had fern two or three fpecial Envoys toMontauban to acquaint them with their good condition, but it feems they all mifearried, and the Marquis being troubled in his thoughts one day, Mr. Hicks told him, that by Gods favor he would undertake and perforin thefervice to Montauban-, Hereupon he was put accordingly in equippage; fo after ten daies journey, he came to a place call’d Mo}faf,viher my Lord of Doncafter Afterwards Earl of Carlilems in quality of Ambafiador from England ,to obferye the French Kings proceeding^ fol. 4. Familiar Letters. 479 proceeding, and to mediat a Peace ’ewixt him and tile Prote- fuints: At his firfl arrival thither it was his good hap to meet ca- fuaiiy wuh Mr. Peregrin Fairjax, one of the Lo. AmbaiTadors re¬ tinue, who hadbeena former Camarade of his; Among other Civillities he brought Wit. Hicks to wait upon the Ambaffador, ro whom he had credential Letters from the Afletnbly of Rachel, ac¬ quainting his Lordfhip with the good (late they were in; Wlc.Hick* told iiim beftdesthat he was engaged to go to Mmtauban as an Envoy from Rochell, to give them true information how matters ih.od: The Ambafudor replied, That it was too great a trull to put upon fo young (boulders: So Wit, Hicks being upon going to tite French Army which lay before Mmtanban, Mr. Fairfax would reeds accompagny him thither to (ee the Trenches and Works, being com rhither they met with one Mr. Tho. Webb that belong’d rn the Marthal St. Gerund , who lodg’d them both in his own Hut that night; and having fliew’d them the Batteries and Trenches the day after, Mr. kicks took notice of one place which lay moll open for his r'efign, refolving with himfelf to paffe that way to the Town: He had told Fairfax ofhispurpofe before, who difeovering it to Webb, Webb ail’d him wherher he came thi¬ ther to be haug’d; for divers were us’d fo a little before: The next day Hicks taking his leave of Webb, defir’d Fairfax to flay behind, which he refufing, did ride along with him to the place which Hicks had pointed out the day before for his defign, and there Fairjax left him; So having got be.twixt the Corps de gard and the Town, he put fpurs to his horfe, and waving his piflol a- bout his head, got in, being perfued altnofl to the Walls of the Town by the Rings party: being entred, old Marflial dela Force who was then 'm'Flint an ban having heard his relations of Rochell fell on his r.eck and wept, faying, That he would give a 1000 Crowns he were as fafely got back to Rochell as he came thither: And having flayed there three weeks,he,in a fallie that the Town made one Evening, got cleer through the Leaguer before Mon- tauban, as he had formerly done before that of the Duke of Efper- non, and fo recover’d Rochell again. But to return to Mc.Fairf.ix, after he had parted with Mr. Hicks he was taken prifoner, and threatned the rack, but whether out of the apprehenfion therof, or otherwile, he died a little after of a Feaver at Mo)jac ; though ’ds true that the Ga^etts in Parts did publifli that he died of the torture, with the French Mercury fince. Mr. Hicks being return’d to London was queftion’d by Sir Far- donando Fairjax for his brothers death, therupon Mr. Webb being alfo com back to London, who was upon rhe very place where thefc things happen’d in France, Mr. Hicks brought him along wi.ti 4$o Familiar Letters. Vol. 4, with him to Sir Ferdinand's Lodgings, who did pofitively affirm, that Mr. Hic\s had communicated his defign to Mr. Peregrin Fairfax,(and that he reveal’d it firft to him) fo he did fairly Vin- dicat Mr. Hicks, wherewith Sir Ferdinand remain’d fully fatisfied. and all his kindred. Whofoever will ohferve the carriage and clrcumfiance of this aftion, mufi needs confeffe that Mr. Hicks (now Sir Elias Hich) did comport himfelf like a worthy Gentleman from the beginning to the endtherof: The defign was generous, the conduCt of it difereet, and the conclufion very profperous, in regard iepre- ferv’d both Mountauban and R ochell for that time from the fury of the Enemy; for the King rais’d his fiege a little after from before the one, and Efpernon from before the other; Therforeit cannot be denied but that the faidWriter(who fo largely intitles his book the Hiftory of Great B> train, though it be but the particular Reign of King James only) was very much to blame for branding fo well a deferving Gentleman with infamy ar.d unmrthinefs, which arc the words he pleafeth tobeftowuponhim; and I think he would willingly recant, and retra& his rafheenfure wer he now living, but Death prefs'd him away before the Prejje had done with his Book, wherofhemay be faid to have died in Childbed. So prefenting herewith unto you my hearty refpefts and love, endear’d and ftrengthn’J by fo long a traft of time, I r eft Tour faithfull tru Land. 9. Novem. Servant, J. H. I Co^en, ~ Found yours of the firft of February in the Pofthoufe, asfeafu- ally had other bufines there; elfe it had mifcarried,I pray be more careful of your directions herafrer.I much thank you for the avifos you fent me how matters paile therabouts: Me thinks that Amflerdam begins to fmeil rank of a Hans Town, as if file would be independent, and Paramount over the reft of the confederat Provinces; flic hath fome reafon in one refpeft,bccaufe Holland contributes three parts of five, and Amflerdam her felfnear upon the one moyety of thofe three parts to maintain the Land and Naval Forces of the States Generall.-ThatTorru likewife as I hear begins to compare with Fen/ce,but let her flay there a while; yet file may in fom kind do ir, for their fituation, and.beginning have bin alike, being both indented with Waters,and both Fijber-Jowns But I wonder at one news you write me, that Amflerdam fhould fall XXXV- To Mr. R. Lewis in Amflerdam , VoL 4. Familiar Letters. 481 fall ofrepairing and bewtifying Churches, wheras the news here' is clean contrary; for while you Worn your Churches ther, vve dejlroy them here: Among other, poor Pauls looks like a great Skeleton,to pitifully handled,that you may tell her ribbs through her skin,her body looks like the Hulk of a huge Portugal Carafe, that having crofs’d the line twelve times, and made three Voy¬ ages into the Eaft-Iniies, lies rotting upon the flrand. Truly I’think nor Tur\ or Tartar,or any Creture except the Devil him- felf, would have us’d Pauls in that manner: you know that Once a Stable was made a Temple, 1 bur now a Temple isbecom a Stable among us, Prob fuperi ! quantum mortalkpdhra C&cfy NoSit'habent. - Ther are flnnpc Hetcroclits in Religion new adaies, among whom fom of them may.befaidtoindeavor the exalting of the Kingdom of Cbrifl, in lifting it upon Beige bubs back, by bringing in fo much profanenes to avoid fuperilition. God deliver as from Atbeifm, for we are within one rtep of it, and touching Juda~ ifrne, fom corners of our Ci y fmell as rank of it as yours doth there. I pray be punftua! in your returns hereafrer,foras you fay well and wittily, Letters may be faid to be the chiefel f Organs ("though they have but paper-pipes) through which Friendfhip doth ufe ; to breath, and operat :For my parr,I fhall not be wanting to (cc thofe Organs a working for the ofren conveyance of my bed affections unto you. Sir T.iVilliams,with his choice Lady blow over through the fame Pipe their kind refpeftsunto you, and fo do divers of your frends befrdes 5 but fpicially, my dear Cofen, Lind. 3. Jan. Tours, J. H. XXXVI. To J. Anderfon, Efq, s i R, Y Ou have bin often at me ("though l know you to be a Protejf- antfo i it grain, that ail the Waters of the Ty&er is notable to make you change co!o"r>hat I fliould impart untoyouin Writing what I obferv’d commendable and difeommendabie in the Roman Church, bccaufe I had eaten mv bread of-en in thofe Counrreys tther that Religion is profefs’d & practis’d in the greaceft height. Touching the fecund part of your requeft,I need not fay any thing Km,.for ther be Authors enough of our Church to inform you about the pofitions and tenets wherein we.diffe-, and for which we Marne them : concerning the firjl part, i will give you a flrorc intimation whit Inotcd to be p’raife-worthy and linkable in point tfpftrfifes* jf5 Ihi ?Kr 482 Familiar Letters. Vol .4. Tlie Goverment of the Roman Church is admirable being moul. dcci with as much policy as the wit of man can reach unto, and ther muff be Civil policy as well as Ecclcfiaflic us’d to keep fuch a world ofpeeple of fevcral Nations, and humors in oncRdigim-, though at firft when the Church extended but to on e Chamber, then to one Hmfe, after to one Parijh, then to one Province , fuch policy was not fo requifit. For the Church of Cbrift may be com¬ par’d to his Per ft n in point of degrees of growing ; and as that coat which (erv’d him him in Isis chili-hood could not fit him in his Youth , nor that of his Truth when he was come to his Manhood} no more would the fame Goverment (which compar’d to the Fun¬ damentals of Faith (that are Hi!! the (ame^are hut as outward gar¬ ments.) fit all ages of the Church, in regard thofe millions of ac¬ cidents that ufe to attend Time, and the murable.humors of Men ; Infomuch that it was a wholfome caution of an ancient Father, Viftinguas-inter temper a, & concordabis cum Scriptura. This Go- vetmeni: is like a great Fabric rear’d up with fuch exaft rules of Art and A rchitsfture that the foundation, the roof, fides, and angles, w ith all the other parts have fuch a dependence of mutual fupport by a rare contignat.ion, roncinnity and indentings one in the other, that if yon take out bin one ftone it hazards the down¬ fall of the whole Edifice: This makes me think that the Church of Rome would be content to part with, and reftifie fom things, ifit might not endanger the ruine of the whole, which puts the world in difpair of an Oecumenical Councel again. The Vniformit) cf this Fabric is alfo to be admir'd,which is fuch as ifit were but one entire continued Homogeneous peecc; for put cafe a Spaniard Should go tc Poland, and a Pole Should tra¬ vel to the furckeft part of Spain, wheras all other objefts may feem ne’re fo ftrange to them in point of lodging, language and diet, though the complexion and faces, the behaviour ,gatbfitti garments of men,women and children be differing; togetherwith the very air and clime of the place,though all things feem flrange unto them, and fo fomwhat uncouth andcomfortles, yet when they go to Gods Houle in either Countreys, they may fay they are there at home, for nothing differs there either in Language, Wor- flip. Service or Ceremony, which muft needs be an unfpeakable comfort to either of them. Thirdly, it mufl needs be a commendable thing that they keep their Churches fo cleanly and Amiable, for the Dwellings of the Lord.of Hearts rtiouldbefo: To which end your greateli Ladies will life before day femtimes in their nightclothes tofal afweep- fng fom part of the Church,and decking it with flowers,as I heard Count Gondamars Wife us’d to do here at Ely-Houfe Chappel; be- Vol. 4. Familiar Letters. 483 fides, they keep them in confiant repair, fo that Kbut a quarry of glafie chance to be broken, or the leafi ftone be cucof fquare, ’tis prefemly mended, Moreover their Churches ftand wide o- pen ear'y and late, inviting as itvvereallCommers,fothata poor troubled foul may have accefTc thither at all hours to breath out the pairings of his heart, and the ejaculations of his foul either irj prayer or praife: nor istherany exception ol perfons In their Churches, for the Cobler will kneel withthe Count, and the Lam- drejfe gig by geoul with her Lady, ther being no Paves ther to caufe pride and envy, contentions and quarrels which are fo rife in our Churches. The comly probations of the body, with genuflexion, and other afts of humility in time of Divine Service is very exempla¬ ry : Add herunto, that the reverence they drew to the holy fun- fiion of the Church is wonderful,Princes and Queens will not dif- dain to kifle a Capuchins flceve, or the Surplice of a PriefbBefides I have feen the greatefi and beautifuli’ft young Ladies go to Hof- pitals, were they not only dreffe,but lick the fores of the fick.- Furthermore, the conformity of feculars, and refignment of their judgments to the Governors of the Church is remarkable; Ther are not fuch Sceptickj and cavillers there as in other places. They humblv beleeve that La^arm was three ,da}£sinthe grave, without queftioning where his foul was all the While, nor will they expoflulate how a man who was born blind from his Nativity fliould prefemly know the fliapes of trees, wherunto he thought the firft men he ever faw were like after he receivd fight : add hereunto that they efieem for Church preferments moficom- monly a man of a pious gooddifpofition,of a meek fpirit,and god¬ ly life, more than a Learnedman, that is either a great Linguifi, Antiquary or Pliilofophcr, and the firfi is advanc’d foonerthen the latter, Lafily, they think nothing too good or too much for Gods Hmfe or for his Miniften, no place too fweet, no buildings too ftarely for them being of the beft profelfion. The moft curious Artifts will employ the befi of their fltill to compofe Hymns,and Anthemes for Gods Houfe, fyc. But, me thinks I hear you fay, that you acknowledge all this to be_commendable,were it not that ic is accompagnied with an odd opinion that they think to merit thereby, accounting them works of Supererogation. > Truly Sir, I have difeours’d with the greatefi Magnifiers of me¬ ritorious works, and the chicfefi of them, made me this compa- rifon, that the Bloud ofChrift is like a great Veffel of Wine, and all tht itierto of men whether strive orp.dfive, were it pofible 484 Familiar Letters. Vol. 4, into that great veffel, and fomuff needs be made Wine, not that the Water hath any inherent vertu ofic fdf to make it (elf fo,buc as it receives it from the Whir. It is reported ot Ccfmode Media, that having built a goodly Church with a Monafiery therumo annex’d, and twoHofpitals, with other Monuments of Piety, and endow’d them with large revenues, as one did much magnifie him Cor thefe extraordinary works, for which doubtlefs he merired a high reward in Heaven, he anfvver’d.Tn true , I employ'd much neafure that way,yet when I hoover my leger kolyof accounts, I do not find that God Almighty is indebted to we one peny, but 1 amfiiHinthe arreartohim. Add hereunto the fundry ways of morrification they have by frequent long fadings, and maccrarions of the iielh, by their retirednes,their abandoning theworld, and fcqucflradonsfrom all mundane affairs, their notable humility in the diflribution of their alms, which they do not ufe rohurle away in a kind of (corn as others do, but by putting it gently into the beggars hand. Som (hallow-pated Puritan in reading this, will flioot his bolt, and prefently cry me up to have a Pope in my belly,but yoiTknow me orherwife, and tiler’s none knows my intrinfecals berter then you-. We are come to fuch times, that if any would main¬ tain tliofedecencies, and humble poflures, tbofe folemniths and rites which fhould be practis’d in the Holy Houfe of God, (and Holines becom’s his Houfe for cverjnay, if one palling through a Church fhould put offhis hat,then's a giddy and malignant race of peepleTfor indeed they are the tru malignants^who will give out that he is running port to Rome -, Norwiihffanding that the Religion edablilh’d by the Laws of England did ever allow of them ever (ince Reformation began, yet you know how few have run thither, Nay, the Lutherans who ufe far more ceremonies fymbolizing with thof- of R.ome,then the Englifi) ProteSiants ever did,keep ftill their diflance, and are as far from her now as they were at fir If. England ha I lately (though to me it feems a great whileCmceJ the face and form, the government and gravity, the conffitutions and comlines of a Church-, for (he had fomthing to keep herfelf hanfim-,lhe had wherwith tobe hofpitable,zrod do deeds of Charity, to build Alms-ftoufes, Free-Sch'oles, and Colleges, wh'ch had bin very few in this Hand, had ther bin no Church Benefatlors: flic had braae degrees of promotion to incite indufiry, and certainly the conceit of honor is a great encouragement to vertu : Now,if all profeffions have (feps of Rifing, why fhould Divinity the bed of all profeflions be wirliout them? The Apprentice doth noc think Vol. 4. Familiar Letters. 485 it much to wipe hisMafter(booes,and (weep the gutters,becaufe he hopes one day to be an Aldermen: The Common Soldier carri- eth hopes in his Knapfackto be one day a Caftain , or Colonel: The Student in the Inns of Courts turns over Ployden with more alacrity, and tugs with char crabbed ftmly of the taw, becaufe he hopes one day to be a Jndg ; So the Scboller thought his labor fweet, becaufe he was buoy’d up with hopes that he might be cne dayaBiJbop, Dean, or Cannon. This cotniy fubordination of degrees we once had, and we had a p't/ifdi; confpicuous Church, to whom all other Reformifts gave the upper hand ; but now fhe may be faid to have crept into corners, .and fallen to fuch a con¬ tempt chat Hie dares (cares (hew her (ace. Add herunto In what various kinds of confufions (lie is involv’d, fo that it may be not improperly faid, while (he thought to tun away (o eagerly from Babylon, fhe is fallen into a Babel of all opinions: In fo much that they who came lately from Italy fey, how flame gives our, that when Religion is loft in England, (lie will be glad to com to Rome again to find one out,and that (he dancethall this while in a circle. Thus have I endeavor’d tofatisfie your Importunity as far as a (licet of paper could reach,togive you a touch what maybe noc only allowable but laudable, and confequently imitable in the Roman Church, for - Fas eft et ab Hfte doceri. but I defire you would expound all with ajanefenfe, wherewith I know you abound , otherwife I would not be fofree with you upon this ticklifh fubjtft;yet I have caufe to queftion your Judg¬ ment in one thing, becaufe you magnifie fo much my talent in your Iaft laft; alas Sir,a final! bandkercber is enough to hold mine, wheras a large table-cloth can hardly conrain that rich talent which I find God and Nature hath htrufted you wichsll; In which opinion I reft alwaies Tour ready andreal Lond. 9. July. Servant.]. H. xxxvir. To Lottor Harvey, at St. Laurence Poultney. SIR, I Remember well you pleas’d not only to paffe a favorable cenfurc, but give a high charafter of the firft Part of D odona's Grove, which makes this Second to com and wait on you, which! dare, fay, for variety of fancy is nothing infetior to fhe firft; Ie qontinueth an hiftorical account of the occurrences of the times III13 in 486 Familiar Letters. Vol. 4. in an allegorical way under the fhadow of frees, and I believe it omits no: any material pafTage which happen'd as far as it goes: If you pleafe to fpendfeme of the parings of your time, and fetch a walk in this Grove you may haply find therin fome recreation : And ifit be true what the Anc'ents write of fom Trees that they are Fatidical, Thcfe com to foretell, at leaftwife to wifli you, as the feafoninvitesmee, aGoodNew year, and according to the jtalian complement, biton princlpio, miglior mes^o, ed ultimo fine, with tliefe vvilhes ofhappines in all the three degrees cfcompati- fon,l reft Load. 2, Jan. four devotedServant, ]. H, XX XVIII . ' To R. Bowyer, Efqt, SIR, T Received ycurs of the tenth current, where I made a new Dif- X covery, finding therin one argument ofyeur frendfhip which you never urg’d before, for you give me a touch of my failings in point of Litteral correfpondcnce with you: To this give me Jeave toanfwer, That he who hath glafle-windowes of his own, fliould take heed how he throws ftones at thofe of his Neighbors: We have both of us our failings that way, wltnes els yours of the laft of Map, to mine of the fitft of March before; but it is never over-late tomend: therfore I begin,and do penance in this white flieet for what is pafs’d', I hope ; you will do the like, and fo we may abfolve one another without a Ghoftly Father. The French and Spaniard are ftill at it like two Cocks of the game, both of them pittifully bloudied,and ’tis thought they will never leave, till they peck out one anothers eyes. Ther are dai¬ ly feekings new alliances to fortifie themfelves, and the quarrel is flill fo hot, that they would make a League with Lucijer to de- ftroy one another. For home-news, the frefheftis, that whereas in former times ther wef complaints that Church-men wer Jujlicetof the Peace, now the clean contrary way, JuWUes of the Peace are become Church-men-, for by a new All of that Thing in Wefiminfter call'd how a Parlement, the power of giving in Marriage is pafs’d over to them, which is an Ecclefiajiique R.ite every where els through¬ out the world. A Cavalier coming lately to a Book-fellers (hop defir’d to buy this Matrimonial Aft, with the reft of that holy Parlement, buc he would have them all bound in Cu/fr-Leather bought out of Mr. BareJone’sShop in Fleet-Hreet. The Soldiers have a great fpleen to the Lawyers a infomuch that VoU 4. Familiar Letters. 487 that they threaten to hang up their Greens among the Scots Colours in Wefvnindcr-lhill ; but their chiefed aym is at the regulation of the Chancery, for they would have die fame Tribunal ro have the power of Jujiice and Equ ty, as the fame Apothecaries (hop can afford m Purges and Cordials. So with my kind and cordial refpefls unto you, I reft Tur entire , and truly Lend. ylNovemb. affellionat Servant,}. H. XXXIX. To Mr. J, B. at his Heufe in St. Nicolas Lane. Sir, W Hen I exchang’d fpeeches with you lad, I found (yet more by your difeourfe then countenance ) that your fpirits were towards a kind of ebb by reafon of the Interruption, and flop which thefeconfufed Times have put to all mercantile ne¬ gotiation both at home and abroad; Truly Sir, when 'after a ierinus rccolleftion T had ruminated upon what dropp’d from youthen, I extremely wondred, which I (liould not have done at another, in regard fnice the fird time I had the advantage of your frendkip, I difeovet’d that you were naturally of generous and freeborn thoughts; I have found alfo, that by a rare indudry you have dot’d up a rich dock of Philofophy, and other parts of prudence, which induc’d me to think that no worldly revolution, or any erode winds though never fo violrut. no not a Hauutcane could trouble the calm of your mind; Therefore to deal freely with you, you are not the fame man I rook you for. I confefle ’tis a pajjive Age, and the doutnes of the prudent’d and mod Phiiofophical men were never put to fuch a trial: I rliank God die School of nffiiftion hath brought me to fuch a ha¬ bit of patience, it hath caus’d in mc_ fuch fymptomes of Mortifici- tion, that I can value this world as it Is,It is but a Vale of troubles, and we who are in it are like fo many ants trudging up and down aboutaMoIe-hiif; Nay atbed, wearebutas fo many Pilgrims, or Paffengers travelling on dill towards another Countrcy : ’Tis tru, that fom do find the way thither more fmooth,and fair,they find it dowry, and tread upon Camamel all along •, Such may be faid to have their Paradis here, orto fayl dill in Fortunes fleeve, and to have the wind in the poop all the while,not knowing n hat a dorm means; yet both the Divine and Philofopher do rank thefe among the modinforrunare of men. Others ther are who in their journey to their lad home do meet with rocks, and craggs, with H h 4 ill-favour’d 488 Familiar Letters. Vet. 4 , Ml-fivor’d flcughs and boggs,and divers deep and dirty paffages; fo'rray part I have already pafs’d through many ftich, and muft expeft to meet with moretTherfore you alfo by your various ad¬ ventures,and negotiations in the world muft not think to efcape them ; you muft make account to meet with encombrances, and difafters, with mifchances and crofies. Now, ’ttvas a brave gene¬ rous faying of a great Armenian Merchant,who having underftood how a Yefiel of his was caft away, wherin ther wasJaden a rich Carga7.on upon his foie account, He ftruck his hand on his bread and kid, My heart I thank God is ft ill afloat, myfpirhs fhall notfink with the {hip, nor go an inch lower. Eut why do 1 write to you of patience Sc courag: ?1 n doing this, Ido nootherwife then Pbortnio did when he oifcours’dof War before Hannibal,l know you have prudence enough to cheer up and inftruft yourfelftOnly lec me tell you, that you fuperahound with fancy.yau have more of mind chen of body, Sc that fometimes you overcharge the Imagination by mufing too much upon rhe odd traverfes of th eWorld: therfore I pray roufe up your fpirits, and referve your felf for better times, that I may long enjoy the ftveetnes of your frendfhip, for the Elements are the more plea- ling unto me, becaufe you live with me atnongfi them. So God fend you fuch tranquillity of thoughts as I wifh, $ Aprilit, Tour truefiend, J. H. Te Mafir J. Walker in Coventry. Sir, I Heartily congrarulat your return to England, and that you fo faftlycrofs’d the Scythian Vale, for foold Gildas calls the Irifli Seas in regard they are fo boyftrous and rough. I underftand yon have bin in fundry hot and hazardous encounters,becaufe of thofe many fears and cuts you wear about you,and as Tom Darvfin toid me,it was no lefs then a miracle that not of them were mortal, being eleven in all: It makes me think on a witty complement thatCaprain Miller put upon the Perfian Ambaflador when he was here, who (hewing him many wounds that he had receiv’d in the Wars againft theTkfyhe Captain fat'd. That his Lordjhips skin after hit death would yeild little money, becaufe it badfo many holes in it. I find the fame Fate hangs o’re the Irifi , as befell the old Brh tains here for as they were hemm’d among the (Velfb Mountains, fo the Itifi ate like now to be all kennell’d in Conaugbt : We fee daily VoU 4. Familiar Letters. 489 daily ftrange revolutions, and God knowes what the iiTue wiil be at laft i howfoever let us live and love one another,in which re- folution I reft 2 May. Entirely yours. J. H. XLI, ToMr.T. C.athisHoufe upon Tower-hill. SIR, T O inaugurat a good and Jovial New-yeer unto you, I fend you a mornings draught,(w^.a bottle of A/er/reg/mONeither Sir John Barley-corn or Bacchus had any thing to do with it,buc it is the pure juice of the Bee,the laborious Bee,and King of Infefts; The Druyds and old Britifh Bards were wont to take a carowfe hereof before they entred into their fpeculations, and if you do fo when your fancy labours with any thing, it will do you hurt, and T know your fancy to be very good. But this drink alwaies carries a kind of ftate with it,for it muft be attended with a brown toft, nor will it admit but of one good draught,and that in the morning,if more,it will keep a hamming in the head, and fo fpeak too much of the Houfe it comes from, I mean the Hive, as I gave a caution clfewhere; and becaufe the bottle might make more haft, have made it go upon tjiefe (Poe- tique J feet: J. H. T. C. Salatem, et annum Flatonicam. NmV\tis,fedAp'\s fuccum tibi mitto bibendum Sluem legimus Bardos olim potajfe Britannos. Slualibet in bacca Vitis Megera latefcit, Qualibet ingatta Melis Aglaia ninet. Iheyuyce of Bees not Bacchus her behold, Which Britiff) Bards mere wont to quaff of old. The berries of the grape with Furies fwell, Bat in the Honey-comb the Graces dwell. This alludes to a faying which the Turks have, that there lurks a devil m evry berry of the Vine.So I wilh you as cordially as to me an aufpicious and joyful New-yeer,becaufe you know I am Tour truly affellionat Servitor, J. H. SIR, XLII. To SirE.S. A T my return to London ,1 found two of yours that lay in bank i 1. for me,.which were as weicom to me as the New-yeer ,and as pleating as if two pendants of Orient Perl had bin font to a trench Lady: But your Lines, mec thought, did caft a greater luftre 490 Familiar Letters. Vol. 4 , Iuftre then any fuch Mitfch-beads, for they difplayed the white, nefsofa comly and knowing foul, which reflecting upon myf>. culties did much enlighten them, with the choice notions I found therein. I thank you for the abfolutioo you fend me for what’s pafs’d, and for your other Invitation; But I have obferv’d a civility they nfe in Italy and Spain, not to vifit a fickperfon too often, for feat of putting him to wafle his fpirits by talk, which they fay fpends much of the Inward man; but when you will have recover’d you,- fclf, as I hope you will do with thefeafon, I fhail return rokillc your hands, and your feet alfo could I eafe you of that podagrical pain which affiifts you. I fend youathoufand thanks for your kind acceptance of that fmall New-Yeers gift Ifenr, and that you concur with divers j other in a good opinion of it. So I reft, Land. 18 . Feb. Tour own true Servant, ]. H. XL. To the truly Honored the Lady Sybilla Brown at her Houje nere Sherburn. Madame, W Hen I had the happinefs to wait upon you at your being in London, ther was a difpute rais’d about the ten Sjbilh by one, who, your Ladi/hip knows, is no great frend to Antiquit), and I was glad to apprehend this opportunity to perform the promife you drew from me then to vent fomtiiing upon this fub- jeft for your Ladiihips fatisfaftion. Madame, In thefe peeviih times, which may be call’d them!} ofth elm Age, ther is a race of crofsgrain’d people which are malevolent to all Antiquity, If they read an old Author it is to quarrel with him, and find fome hole in his coat; they flight the Fathers of the Primitive times, and prefer John Calvin, or a Caufaban before them all: Among other tenets of the firft times they hold the ten Sjbills to be fi&itious and fabulous, & no better then Vrganda, or the Lady of the Lake, or fuch doting beldams: They ftick not to term their prediftions of Chrift to be meet mock-Oracles, and odd arreptitious frantick extravagancies; They cry out that they were forg’d and obtruded to the world by fome officious Chriftians to procure credit and countenance to their Religion among the Pagans. For my part Madam, I am none of this incredulous perverfe race of men, but what the currenr, and concurrent teftimonies of the [if!I Familiar Letters. Vol. 4. ljl ic p.-imi.ive times do hold forth, I give credit thcrunto without ijny icruple. ] Now, touching die works of the Sybtlls, they were in liigh re- Lncu among the Fathers of the fir ft 4 Centuries, info much that they us’d to urge their Prophecies for converfion of Pagans,who therfore call’d the Cliriftians Sybillianifts, nor did they'hold it a Lord of reproach; They were all Virgins, and for reward of their chaflity,’c\yas thought they had the gift of Prophecy; not by any endowment of nature, or inherent humane quality, or or¬ dinary irlatas in the foul, butbypure divine infpirations not de¬ pending on freond caufcs in fght; They fpake not like theambi- jguous Pagan Oraches in riddles, but fo cleerly that they fometimes | go beyond the Jewifh Prophets; they were call’d Siobttk that is, of the Counfells of God, Shs in the Eolic dialed being Dens: They were preferr’dbefore all iheChaldean Wifards, before the mcides, Branchyda and others, as alfo before Tyrejias, Manto, Ma¬ ms, or Caffandra, Stc. Nor did the Chriftians only value them at that height, but the mofl learned among the Ethnkkj, did fo, as Varro, Livie, and Ciaro, the firfl being the greateft Antiquary, the fecond the grea- - ted Hiftorian, and the third the greateft Or atom, that ever Rome hid, who fpcaks fo much of that famous Acroftic that one of them made of the name of our Saviour, which fare could not be the work of a Christian, as fome would maiicioufty obtrude, it being fo long before the Incarnation. But for the better rii [charge of my engagement toyourLadi- fhip, I will rank all the ten before you, with fome of their moft fignal Prerfidions. The Sybills were ten in number, wherof, tiler were 5 . born in Europe, to wit, Sybilla Delphica,Cum£a, Sarnia,Cumana, and2v- hrtina, the reft were born in Afia and Africa . The firft was a P erf an call’d Samberta, who plainly foretold - many hundred years before in thefe words, the Womb of the Vir¬ gin [hall be the falvation of the Gentiles, See. The fecond was Sybilla Lybica, who among other Prophecyes hath this, The day (hall come that menfhallfee the King of all living kings, and a Virgin Lady of the worldjhall hold him in her lapp. The third was Delphtca, who faith, A prophet jhall be born of a Virgin. The fourth was Sybilla Cum&a, born in Campania in Italy who hath thefe words, that God fliall be born of a Virgin, andconverfe with [inner s. The fifth was the famous Erythr&a born at Babylon, who com¬ pos’d that famous Acroftic which St,A«£u^in took fo much pains 492 Familiar Letters. Vol. 4,' to rranfl ite into Latin : which begins, 7 he Earth [hall five,it fens i of Judgment,from Heaven fhall com a King who fhallreign for ever, j viz. in humane fh'fh to the end that by bis prefence he ]udg the world, [ ARiverof fire and brimflone (hall fall from Heaven, the Sun and] Stars flallloje their light, the Firmament fhall be diffolvd , andtbe ' Moon fhall be darkjied, a Trumpet fit all found from Heaven in wofnl' and terrible manner,and the opening of the Earth fhall difcover con- fufed,and dark.hell.and before the Judg fhall com evry King , fee. The fixe was Sybilla Sami a,who faith ,He being rich fhall be bom tfapoor Maid,the Creturesof the Earth fhall adore him, attdpraift j him for ever. i The feventh was Cumana, who faith, That he (hould come from \ Heaven,and reign here in poverty, hefhould rule in filence,and be bern j of a Virgin. The eight was Sybilla Hellefpontica, whofortells plainly, that '/ Woman Ihall defend of the Jews caWd Miry, and of her fhall be born the Son of God, and that without carnal copulation, fee. The ninth was Phrygia, who faith, The bigbefl [hall com from heaven and flail confirm the Cottncel in heaven, and a Virgin fall be flew'din the Valleys of the defarn, fee. The tenth was Tyburtina,born neer Tyber,rvho faith ,The invi- fible Wordfhall be born of a Virgin, be fhall converfe with [inner s, and fhallof them be defpis'd, (fee. Moreover, St.Auftin reciteth thefe Prophefies following of the Sybills; Then he (hall be taken by the wicked hands of Infidels, and they fhall give him buffets on his face, they (hall [pit upon hint with their foul and accurfed mouths, he fit all turn unto them oil fhoulders,[uffringthemto be whipp'd: He alfo fhall be crown'd with thorns,they fhall give him gall to eat,and vinegar to drinfe, Thentbe vailofthe Temple (hall rendgfe at mid-day it flail he dark night,fee. Lantlantius relateth thefe Prophefies of theirs,//a (hall raife the dead,the impotent and lame (hallgojbe deaf (hall hear, the blind fhallfee, and the dumb {peak, fee. In fine,out of the Works of the Sybills may be deduc’d a good part of the miracles and fuffrings of Chrift,therefore for my part I will not cavil with Antiquity, or traduce the Primitive Church, but I think I may believe without danger,that thofe Sybills might be feleft fnflruments to announce the difpenfations of heaven to Mankind; Nor do I fee how they do the Church of God any good ferviceor advantage at all, who queftion the truth of their Wri¬ tings, (as alfo Trifmegiftus his Pymandra, and Arilim, See.) who have bin handed over to pofterity as incontroulable truths for fo many, Ages. Thus,Madam .have I don fomthing of that task you Impos’d up¬ on Yol 4. Familiar letters. 493 on me touching the ten S;W//r,wherunto I may well add your La- (iidiip forthe Eleventh,for amongother things I remember you foretold confidently that the Scottifh Kirk, would deftroy the Englifh Church -, and that if the Hierarch)/ went down, Monarchy would not be oflong continuance. Your Ladilhip I remember fortoldalfo, how thofe unhappy fcparatifh the Puritans would bring all things at iaft into a con- fufion, v.ho fince are call’d Presbyterians, or Jews of the New Teftamcnt, and they not improperly maybe call’d fo, for they fympatize much with that Nation in a revengful fanguinary hu¬ mor,and thirfling after blood, I could produce a clowd of exam¬ ples, butlettwolefflce. Ther liv'd a few y ms before the Long Parlement neerOmCa- file in Wales a good old Wtddow that had two Sons grown to mens efiate, who having taken the holy Sacr ament on a fir ft Sunday in the month, at their return home tbeyentred into a dilute touching the manner of receiving it ; Theddefl brother who was an Orthodox Pro- tellanr (with the mother) held it was very fitting it being the bighejt all of devotion , that it flmld be taken in the humblejlpofture that mid be upon theVnees-, the other, being a Puritan, oppos'd it, and the difpute grew high, but it ended without much heat ; The next day being bo:h com home to dinner from their bufines abroad, the eld- efi brother at it was his cudom took a napp upon a cufhian at the end of the table that he might be more frefh for labor, the Puritan brother, ailed Enoch Evans, fpying his opportunity fetch'd an axe which be bad provided it feems on purpofe, andflealing foftlyto the Table he chopp'd off his brothers head-, the old mother hearing anoifecame ' fuddenly from the next room, and there found the body and bead of her eldejl Son both afunder, and reakjnginkot Blood, OVillJn, , cryed jhe, haft thou murtherd thy brother ? yes, quoth he, and mjhall after him, and fo ftrikingker down, he dragg'd her body to thethrejhalof the door, and there chopp'd off her head alfo, and put them both in a bagg but thinking tofiy he was apprehended and brought before the next Juftice of Peace, who chanced to be Sir Ro¬ bert Howard, fo the murtherer the Affixes after was condemn'd, and the Law could but only hang him, though he had committed ma¬ tricide and fraticide. I will fetch another example of their cruelty from Scotland-, The late Marquis of Momrofe being betrayed by a Lord in whole houfehelay was brought prifoneref War to Edenburgh, there the common hang-man met him at the Towm-end, and firft pull’d off his hat, then he forc’d him up to a Cart, and hurried 494 • Familiar Letters. Vol. 4 , him like a condemn’d perfon,though he had not yet bin arraignd much lefs convifted,through the great ftreet, and brought him before the Parlement, vvber being prefently condemn’d, he was polled away to the Gallowes,which-was above 30 foot high, ther his hand was cur off full, then he was lifted up by pullics to the top,and then hang’d in the moll ignominious manner that could be; being taken down.his head was chopp’d off and nail’d to the high Crofs,his arms, thighs and legs were fent to be fet up in fe- veral places,and the reft of his body was thrown away and de¬ priv’d of Chriftian burial. Thus was this Nobleman us’d, though one of the ancient’ll Peers of Scotland, and efleem’d the greateft honor of that Country both at home, and abroad. Add herunto the mortal cruelty they us’d to their young King, with whom they would not treat unlefs he firfl acknowledg’d his Father to be a Tyrant, and his Mother an hUlatrefi, See. So I moll humbly kifs your hands, apd reft ahvayes Madam, London this Tour La. mtf faithfully 50 of Aug’ devoted Servant J. H. "iiir To Sir L. D. in Paris. Noble Knight, Y Ours of the 22 current came to fafe hand, but what you pleafe to attribute therein to my Letters, may be more pro¬ perly applied to yours in point of imrinfic value ; for by this cor- refpondence with' you, I do as cur Eajl-India Merchants ufero do,"I venture beads and other bagatels,ouc of the proceed when of I have Perl and other Oriental jewels return’d me in yours. Concerning the pofture of things here wc are ftill involv’d ina cloud of confufion, fpecialiy touching Church matters, a race of odd crack-brain’d Schifmaticks do croak in evry corner,but poor things they rather want a Phyfitian to cure them of their madtte[s, then a Divine to confute them of their Errors Such is the height of their fpiritualpride,that they make it nothing to interpret cvry tittle of the Apocalyps , they make a fhallow rivulet cf it that out may paffe over andfcarcewec his ankles, wheras the greateu Doftors of the Church compar’d it to a deep Foord wherein an Elephant might fwim. They think they are of the Cabinet Coun- fel of God,and not only know his Attributes but his Effence, which made me lately break out upon my pillow into thefe Metrical fpcculations. fol 4, Familiar Letters. 495 1. If of the fmallett liars in sky We \riow not the dimenfny, Ifthofe bright(parks which them compofe Thehigheft mortal wits dopofe: , How then poor (hallow Man can'ft Thou The Maker of thefe Glories know l 2. jj we know not the Air we draw. _ Nor what keeps winds and waves ill aw, if our [mall skdls cannot contain The flux and falrneis of the main, If farce a caufe we ken below, . . How can we the fupernal /(now ? %. ifitbe atmfierioustbing ' U'hy Heel fhould to the Loadflone cling, If we know not why ]ettfhould draw, And with fuch Ififfcs bug a ftraw, If none can truly yet reveal Howfympathetick powders heal. 4. If we fcarce know the Earth we tread, Or half the Simples ther are bred, With Minerals and thoufand things _ • • Which for mans health andfood(he brings, If Nature’s fo obfcure,then how > Can we the God of Nature know. 5. What the Bit's ey is to tbe Sun, Or of a Gloworm to the Moon, The fame is Human intellect, Ifonour Maker we refell, Whofe magnitude it fo immenfe , That it tranfeends both foul and fenfe., 6 . Poor purblind man then fit thee (fill. Let wonderment thy temples fill. Keep a due diftance, do not pry Too neer, left like thefilly fly While (he the wanton with theflames doth play, Firftfryes her wings, then fool's her life away. There are many things under ferious debate in Parlemenr, 'vherof the refults may be called yet but the imperfeft producti¬ ons 49 6 Familiar Letters. Vol. 4, ons of a gran Committee, they may in time come to the maturity of Votes, and To of Atls. You write that you have the German dyet which goes forth in my name, and you fay that yon new bad more matter for your mo¬ ney, I have valued it the more ever fince, in regard that yon pleafe to fet fuch a rate upon’c ■, for I know your opinion is cur¬ rent and jterling : I (hall fhortly by t. B. fend you a new Hiflory of Naples , which alfo did cod me a great deal of oil and labor. Sir, if ther be any thing imaginable wherin I may freed or ferve •you here,you well know what interefl and power you may claim both in the Affcftions of my heart, and the faculties of my foul :I pray be pleas'd to prefenc the humbled of fervice to the noble Earl your brother, and preferve dill in your good opinion. Your truly obliged Servant, J. H. XV. SIR, To Sir E, S. Knight. N Ow that the Sun and the Spring advance daily towards us more and more, I hope your health will keep pace with them, And that the all fearching beams of the firfi, will diflipat that fretful humor,which hath confin’d you fo long to your Cham¬ ber,and barr'd you oftheufe of your trufupporters: But though your toes be flugs, yet your Temples are nimble enough, as I find by your lad of the 12. current,which makes me think on a fpeech of Severn the Emperour,who having lain fick a long time of the Gout at York., and one of his Nobles telling him that he wondred much how he could rule fo vad an Empire being fo lame and un- weldy the Emperouranfwet’d, That Herul'dthe Empiremh bis brain, not with bis feet: fo it may be faid of you, that you rule the fame way the whole /late of that Microcofm of yours,for evry man is a little World of himielf. Moreover,I find that the fame kind of fpirit doth govern your body as governs the great world, I mean the Celedial bodies,for as the notiofis wherby they are regulated are Mufical, if we may believe Pythagoras whom the Tripod pronounc'd the wifeft man fo a tru harmonious fpirit feems to govern you,in regard you are fo naturally inclin’d to the ravilhing art of Muftc. Yourfrends here are Well, and with you were fo too, for my part, I do not only wijb it, butpwy it may be fo,for my life is the. fweeter in yours,and I pleafe my feif much in being 1 Martii. four truly faithful Servant]- H. XL Yfc yol^ Familiar Letters. 501 XLVI. To Mr. Sam. Bow. at bis Hottfein the Old jury. SIR , I Receiv’d that choice parcel of Tobacco your fcrvatit brought me for which I fend you as many returns ofgratitude,as there were grains therein, which were many, ("and cut all methinks with a Diamond cut) but too few to'exprcfs my acknowledge ment; I had alfo therwith your moft ingenious Letter, which I valued far more: The other was but a Potential fire only redu¬ cible to fmoke; but ydur Letter did fparkle with aftual fire, for me-thought ther were pur flames of love, and gentlenefs waving in every line: The Poets do frequently compare affeftion to fire, therfore whenfoever I take any of this Farina, I will imagin that flight my pipe always at the flames of your love. I alfo highly thank you for the Italian manuferipts you fent me of the late revolutions in Naples , which will infinitly advantage me in expofing to the world that ftupendous peece of ftory; I am in the arrear to you for fundry courtefies more, which fliall make me ever entitle my, i'eif Holboi n, 3. 'Four truly thankful fiend Jam. and Servant, J. H; XLV1I. To W. Sands, Efq. SIR , T He Calamities and Confufions which the late Wars did bring upon us were many, and manifold, yet England may be laid to gave gain’d one advantage by it j for wheras before fhe was like an animal that knew not his own ftrength, fhe is now better acquainted with her felf,for her power and wealth did never ap¬ pear more both by Land and Sea; This makes Furies to cring® unto her fo much j This makes Spain to purchafe Peace of her with his Italian Patacoons: This makes the 'Hollander to dafh his colours,and vail his bonnet fo low unto her; this makes,the Italian Princes, and all other States that have any thing to do with the Sea, to court her fo much: Indeed touching die Emperor^ and the Mediterranean Princes of Germany, whom fhe cannot reach with her Cannons, they care not much for her. Nor indeed was the true art of governing England known till now, the Sword is the fureft fway over all peeple who ought to be cudgeF d rather than cajoWd to obedience,if upon a glut of plen¬ ty and peace they fhould forget it. Ther is not fucha windy wa- I i rering |C2 Familiar Letters. Vol. 4. vcring thing in the world as the common peeple; they are got by an Apple, and lost for a Pear, the Elements themfelves are not more inconftant •, fo that is the wort \folaciCm in Government for a Trince to depend meerfy upon their affections; Riches and long reft makes them infolent and wanton: It was not Tarquin's wan- tonefs fo much as the Peeples, that ejeCted Kings in Rome ; It was the peeples concupifcence, as much as Von Rodrigo's lull that b ought the Moors into Spain, fee. Touching the wealth of England ,it never alfo appear’d fo much by public Erogations, & Taxes, which the long Parlement rais’d; Infomuch,that it may be faid the lafl King was beaten by his om image more than any thing elfe. Add hereunto that the world Hands in admiration of the capacity and dociblenefs of the Englijb, that persons of ordinary Breeding,Extraction and Callings fhould becom States-men and Souldiers, Commanders and Counsellors both in the art of War, and myfteries of State, and know the ufe of the Compafs in fo Ihort a trail of time. I have many thanks to give you for the Spanish difeourfe you pleas’d to fend me, at our next conjuncture I (hall give you an account of it, in the interim I pray let me have Hill a fmall cor¬ ner in your thoughts, while you poflefs a large room in mine, and ever /hall while Jam. Horael. XLVilL To the R. H. the E. of S. My Lord, Q Ince my lafl,that which is the greateft fubjeCt of our difeourfes 17 and hopes here, is the iifue of our Trety with the Dutch-,It is a peece that hath been a good while on the anvil,but it is not ham¬ mer’d yet to any (hape. The Parlement iikewife hath many things in debate, which may be call’d yet but Embryos, in time they may be hatch’d into Ads. The Pope they write hath been of late dangeroufly tick, but hath been cur’d in a ftrange way by a young Padova DoCtor,who having kill’d a lufty young Mule, clapp’d the Patients body na¬ ked in the paunch therof, by Which gentle fomentation he re¬ cover’d him of the tumors he had in his knees and elfe-where. Donn 1 Olympia fways mo/l, and hath thehigheft afeendento- ver him, fo that a Gentleman writes to me from Rome, that a- mong otlicr Pafquils this was one, Papa magis amat Olympian! quim Olympum: He writes of another, That the bread Being not long fince grown fcant, and made courier than ordinary by reafon of the tax his Holinefs laid upon Corn,.ther was a Pafqui! Seer. 4. Familiar Letters 503' fixtupon a corner-ftone of his Palace, Beatiflime Vaterfacut hi la- fieks fiant panes-,O blefted Father, grant that thefe flows be made bread&ut it was an odd character that our Countrev-man Doftor i’: gave lately of him, who being turn’d Roman Catholic, and ex-' parting a Penfion, and having one day attended his Holinefs a long time about it, he at laft broke away fuddenly; a frend of his asking why? He replied, It is to no purpofe for me to flay longer, for I know he will give me nothing,becaufe I find by his Phyfiog- norriy that he hath a Negative face: ’Tis true, he is one of the. hard-faVored’ft Popes that line in the Chair a great while; fo that fom-call him VHuomo de tuple. The man with three hairs, for he hath mo more beard upon his chin. St. Marfl is ftill tugging with the great Tur^, and hath bang’d him ill-favoredly this Summer in Dalmatia by Land, and before the Dardanelli by Sea. Wheras your Lordlhip writes for my L uflra Ludovici , or the Hiftory of the laft French King and his Cardinal, I fell erelong ferve your Lordlhip with one of a new Edition, and with fome enlargements; I humbly thank your Lordlhip for the favorable, and indeed too high a character you pleafe to give of my Survey of Venice 1 , yet ther are fom who would decraft from it,and (which I believe your Lordlhip will fomthing wonder at) they are Caval- leers, but the lhallowelt and fillyeft fort of them; And fuch may well deferve the epithet of Malignants. So I humbly kifs your hands in quality of v Jour Lordfhips mo(l obedient and ever obliged Servant, J. H. XLIX. To the R.H. the Earl Rivers, at his Hottfe in Queenftreet. My Lard; T Heleaft command of yours is enough tofet all myintelleftu- als on work, therefore I have done fomthirigas your Lord¬ lhip (hall find herewith, relating to that gallant peece call’d the Gallery of Ladies, which my Lora Marquifs of winebefler (your Brother) hath fet forth. it %. Vfloti 504 Familiar Letters, Vol 4. Upon the glorious Worl ^ of the Lo. Marquifs of Winchefter. 1 The world of Ladies mull be honour’d much, That fo fublime a Perfonage, that fitch A Noble Peer, and Pen Ihould thus difplay Their Virtues, and expofe them to the day. 2 His praifes are like thofc corufcantbeams Which Vhxbus on high rocks of Chryflal llreams. The Matter and the Agent grace each other, . So Vam did when fovt made her a Mother. 3 Queens, Counteffes and Ladies, go unlock Your Cabinets, draw forth your richefl flock Of Jewels, and his Coronet adorn With Rubies, Pearl, and Saphires yet unworn. 4 Rife early, gather flowers now in the Spring, Twill wreaths of Laurel, and frefli Garlands bring, To crown the temples of this high-born Peer, And make him your Apollo all the year: And when his foul fhall leave this earthly mine. Then offer facrifice unto his fhrine. I fend alfo the Elegy upon the late Earl of Dorfet, which your Lordlhip fpake of fo much when I waited on you lalt; And I beleeve your Lordlhip will find therein every inch of that noble Peer characteriz'd inwardly and outwardly. Jin Elegy upon the mo ft accomplifts’d , and Heroic Lord Edward, Earl of Dorfet, Lord Chamberlain to His late Ma)efty of Great Britain, and Kt. of the mojl Noble Order of the Garter, &c. Alluding to -The Quality of the Times, l His admired Perfections, JHis goodly Perfon, < His ancient Pedigree, J His Coat of Arms crelted with a Star, / The Condition of Mortality, '-The Paflion of the Author doling with an Epitaph tori* VoJ ■. 4. Familiar Letters. T Ortk have been long declining, (we well know) And making their lad Teftaments, but now They are defund, they are cxtinguifh’d all, And never like to rife by this Lords fall; A Lord, whofe Intelleduals alone Might make a Houfe of Peers, and prop a Throne, Had not fo dire a Fate hung o’re the Crown, That Priviledg Prerogative fhould drown; Where e’re he fate he fway’d, and Courts did awe, Cave Bifhops Gofpel, and the Judges Law, With fuch exalted reafons, which did flow So cleer and flrong, that made A{lm bow To his opinion 5 for where he did fide Advantag’d more than half the Bench befide. But is great SakyiU dead ? Do we him lack, And will not all die Elements wear black ? Whereof he was compos’d a perfect man As ever Nature in one frame did fpan, Such high-born thoughts, a foul fo large and free, So clear a judgment, and vaft memory, So Princely hofpitable,and brave mind, We tnuft not think in hade on earth to find, Unlefs the times would turn to gold agen, And Nature get new ftrength in forming men. His perfon with it fuch a (fate did bring. That made a Court as if he had been King, No wonder, fince he was fo neer a kin To Norfolk Duke,and the great Maiden-Queen, He courage had enough by conquering one, To have confounded diat whole Nation, Thofe parts which (ingle do in fom appear, Were all concentred here in one bright fphear 5 For Brain, Tongue, Spirit, Heart, and Perfonage, To mold up fuch a Lord will ask an age 5 But how durfi: pale white-liver’d Death feize on So dauntlefs and Heroic a Champion ? . ! Yes, to dye once is that uncancelfd debt Which Nature claims, and raifeth by Efchet On all Mankind by an old Statute pad: Prim Admi, which will always lad Without Repeal, nor can a lecond leafe Be had of Life, when the firft term dothceafe, 50 6 Familiar Letters. Vol. 4, Mount noble Soul, among the Stars take place, And make a new one of fo bright a race: May Jove out-fliine, that Venus mil may be In a benign Conjunction with Thee, To check that Planet which on Lords hath lour’d, And fuch malign influxes lately pour’d 5 Be now a itar thy felf, for thofe which here Did on thy Creft, and upper Robes appear, For thy Director take that Star we read Which to thy Saviours Birth three Kings did lead, A Corollary. T Hus have I blubber’d out fome tears and Verfe On this Renowned Heroe, and his Herfe, And could my Eyes have dropt down Peris upon’t, In lieu of Tears, God knows, I would have don’t; But Tears are real, Peris for their Emblems go, The fir ft are fitter to exprefs my wo: Let this fmall mite fuffice until I may A larger tribute to his afhes pay, In the mean time this Epitaph fhall (hut, And to my Elegy a period put. H Ere lies a Grandee by Birth, Parts and Mind, Who hardly left his Parallel behind. Here lies the Man of Men , who fhould have been An Emperor , had Fate or Fortune feen. "lotus in lachrymas folutus ftc (ingitltivit , J. H. So J moll humbly k}ft W Lordship's hands , and nfl in the highe[t degree of fervite nnd affettm ever moil ready At your Lordfhip’s Command, Lond. 2o» Familiar Letters. 507 Vol 4. To T. Herris Efq. SIR, Y Ours of Thumb, the tenth I had the fecond of this Janua¬ ry, and I account it a good Augury that it came fo feafona- bly to ufher in the New-Year, and to cheer up my thoughts, which your Letters have a vcrtue to do always whenfoever they come, they are fo full of quaint and copious quick expreflions. When the Spaniards at their firffc coalition in the mjl-Indiis did begin to mingle with the Americans, that filly peeple thought that thofe little white papers and letters which the Spaniards us’d to fend one to another, were certain kind of Conjurers or Spirits that us’d to go up and down to tell tales and make dif- coveries: Among other examples, I remember to have read one of an Indian boy lent from a Mexico Merchant to a Captain,with a basket of Figs, and a Letter, The boy in the way did eat fora of them,arid the Captain after he had read the Letter,ask’d him what became of the reft ? whereat the boy ftcod all aftonifh’d; and being fent with another basket a little after to the fame party, his maw began to yern again after fom of the figs, but he firft took the Letter and clapt it under a great ftone hard bv, upon which he fate while he was eating, thinking therby that the fpirit in the Letter could not difeover liim,8cc. Whether your Letters be fpi- rits or no, I willnotdifpute,butI am fure they beget new fpirits in me, and quod efficit tale Hind ipfmn ejl magis tale-. Ml am pof- fefs’d with melancholy, they raife a fpirit of mirth in me; if my thoughts are contrafted with fadntfs, they prefently dilate them into joy,See. As if they had fom fubtil invifible Atonies whereby they operate, which is now an old Philofophy newly furbifii’d, and much cryed up, that all natural aftions and motions are per¬ form’d by emiftion of certain atonies, whereof there is a conftant effluvium from all elementary bodies, and are of divers fhapes, fom angular, others cylindrical, fotne fpherical, which atomes are ftill hovering up and down,and never reft till they meet with fom pores proportionable and cognate unto their figures where they acquiefce:By the expiration of fuch atomes the dog finds the feenc as he hunts, the Peftilence infe&s, the Loadftonc at- trafts Iron, die Sympathetic powder or Zapbyrian fait calcin’d by Apollinean heat, operating in July and huguji till it come to a lu- nary complexion •, I fay, by the vertue and intervention of fuch atomes, ’tis found that this faid powder heals at a diftance witii- put topical applications to the place affefted. They who are of J i 4 this sjOc& ramiliar Letters. Vcl.$. this opinion hold that all fublunary bodies operat thus by atomcs* as the heavenly bodies do by their influences. Now, it is more vifible in the Loadftone than any other body, for by help of ar¬ tificial glaffes a kind of mid Hath been difcern’d to expire out of it, ' as Dr. Highmore doth acutely, and fo much like a Philofopher ob- ferve. For my part, I think it more congruous to reafon, and tQ the courfe of Nature, that all aftions and motions fiiould be thus perform’d by fuch little atomical bodies, than by accidents and qualities, which are but notional things, having only an imagi¬ nary fubfiftence, and no effence of themfelves at all, but as they inhere in fome other. If this Philofophy be true,it were no great ,abfurdjty to think that your Letters have a kind of atomical energy which operates upon my fpirits, as I formerly told you. The Times continue ftill untoward and troublefom, Theffore now, that you and I carry above a hundred years upon outbacks, and that thofe few grains of fand which remain in the brittle glaffes of our lives are ftill running out; It is time, my deer Tom , for us to think on that which of all future things is the moft cer¬ tain, I mean ourlaft removal, and emigration hence to another world. ’Tis time to think on that little hole of earth which fhall hold us at laft: The time was, that you and I had all the fair con¬ tinent of Europe before us to range m; we have been fince con¬ fin’d to an Ifland, and now Lincoln holds you, and London me, we.tmift expeft the day that ficknefs will confine us to our cham¬ bers, then to our Beds, and fo to our Graves, the dark filent Grave, which will put a period to our-pilgrimage in this world; And obfervable it is, what method Nature doth ufe in contra- fting our liberty thus by degrees, as a worthy Gentleman obr ferves. But though thisfmall bagful of bones be fo confin’d, yet the nobleft pan of us may be (aid to be then fet at liberty, when ha¬ ring fhaken off this Plough of flefh, Ihe mounts up to her true Countrey, the Countrey of Eternity, where one moment of joy is more than if we enjoy’d all the pleafures of this world a mil¬ lion of years here among the Elements. But till our threds are fpun up, let us continue to enjoy our felves as well as we can, let thofe grains I fpoke of before run gently by their own modon,without jogging the glafs by any per¬ turbation of mind, or muling too much upon the times. Man’s life is nimble and fvvift enough of it felf without the help pf a four, or any violent motion, therefore he fpoke like a true Philofopher, who excepted againft the title of a Book call’d it fiitit vita, but he Ihould rather have entitled it de atrfu vita-, for this life is ftill uppn the fpeed. ' You fol. 4, Familiar Letters. 509 ' You and I have luckily met'abroad under many Meridians* when our cou^s is run here,I hope we fhall meet in a Region that is above the Wheel of Time ■, And it may be in the Concave of fom Star (iftlfefe glorious Xamps are Habitable.) Howfoevermy Genius prompts me, that when I part hence I fhall not down¬ wards, for I had alwayes fearing thoughts being but a boy, at which time I had a mighty defire to be a bird, that I might fly towards the Sky- _ _ T So my long-endeared frend, and Fellow-Traveller, I reft Tours verily and Invariably , l H. Hol'rnn , 10. Jan, 5io Familiar Letters. Vol 4 . To the Sagacious Reader, U T clavis portam,fc pandit Epifiola prflus ; Clattditur Hac cera, clattditur Ilia [era, As Keys do open Chefts, So Letters openBrefts. ITEAOS Glenn Idas DtoSadomm in fault fate 1 . A Doxological Chronogram including this prefent yeer,MDCL V, andhath numeral letters enough to extend to the veer nineteen hundred twenty feven, if ic pleafe God this World Ihould laft Co long. Jin extraB of the Heads of the choifejl matters that go interM - ven ’mong/l the Letters of the firjl Volume . The firjl SeSion. Page, O F Abufers of Familiar Letters. i • Of Somerfets fall and Sue ginghams rife. 3 Miftrifs Tnm executed in yellow ftarch at Tyburn,mi Sir Grre.tr Elways on Tower-Hill , his memorable caution againflfwearing, and the Lo. will, of Pmbroofy noble aft to his Lady and chil¬ dren. 12, g. Sir waiter Rawleigb's forry return from Guiana, Count Gondomars violent profecution of him, and a facetious Tale of. Alplmjo King of Nap/M, &c. . 5,6 Of the ftudy of our Common-Law, and what Genius is apteft for it - 13 The tru manner of the furrender of the cautionary towns Flujh- ing and Brill, 16 The force of Letters. 18 A Letteroflove. ~ 22 Soin choice Obfervations of Amsterdam. 7,10, ir Of the Univerfity of Leyden, and a clafh ’twixt Aminins and Raudius. 12 Of Grave Maurice Prince of Orange,mioi his regular cours of life >4 OP Antwerp, and her.Cittadel. ,17 Of France, Normandy, and the City of Rouen. 19? 20 Of Paris, and an odd mifchance that befell a Secretary of; State there. . 23 ■ °f / The Index of the JirJl Volume. Of Urns the Favorite. 24 An exatt relation from an eye-witnefs of the affaffinat commit¬ ted on the Perfon of Htmy the Great. 2 5 His rare perfections, and divers witty Speeches of his. 16 AnexaCt Relation of that Monftrous death'of the Marquis of Ancre by an eye-witnes. 28 Of St.Maloes and the Provice of Sretany ,the vicinity of their Lan¬ guage with the iftljh. 30 Of Rocbel, and the humors of the pceple. ibid. The ftrong operations of love, and a facetious Tale of the Duke ofoffuna's. 3 2 Of the Vyreney Hills. ibid. Of the noble City of Valentin, and various effects of the Sun. 34 Of Alicant •, and the Grapes therefore. 3 5 Of Cartbagena. • ibid. Of Scylla and charybdis, Mount o^£«a,and the vulgar Greek, &c. 37 , 38 Of the admirable City ofF?n/«,herGlafs Furnaces,with a fpecu- lation rais’d thereon, her renowned Arfenal andTrefury, her age and conftitution, her famous Mcentoro, with a Philofophi- cal notion arifing thence, &c. from 38, to 54 Of the vertue of Letters. 4$ A Letter of gratitude. ibid. Som witty sayings of Spaniards, 5 7 Som witty obfervations of Rome, the manner of creating Cardi¬ nals. 52 Of Forren Travel. $3 Of the gende City of Naples 5 5 A faying of King James 57 A refemblance ’twixt the old Lombards and the Welch ibid. A witty faying of Lewis the 11 59 Of Florence, Genoa, Luca, &c. 60 Of Milain and the Duke of Savoy. 6 s Of the Italian Toung. ibid- Of the humor of the Italian ■ 62 Of the hideous Mountains the Alps,m& of Lions in France. 62,63 Of Geneva ,and a ftrange thing that happen’d at Lions. 63,60, The fix famous Verfes made of Venice. 50 A notable magnanimous Speech of a Turk, '48 The fecond SeBion* TV yfY Lord Bacons opinion of Monfieur Cadentt the French Am- IVi baflador about little men. 6 5 Tw The Index of the fir ft Volume* Two Letters of Endearments. 66 A notable faying of the La. Elizabeth. 6j Of Sir Robert Manfels return from Algiir. 68 Queen Aims death and the laft Comet. 69 M. of Buckingham made Lord Admiral, &c. 75 The beginning of the Bohemian Wars. 67 The Palfgraves undertaking that Crown. 68 Tragtte loft. ibid. Spinalis going to the Palatinat, the manner of taking Oppenbeim, 8c the unworthines of the Marq.of Ansbac^ the Gfra.Gencral.72 The ftrange wonder in Holland, of 1 Lady that brought forth as many children as dayes in the yeer, &c. 74 Of the failing Waggon. ibid. An elaborat furvey of the feventeen Provinces,the ground of their quarrel with the Spaniard, the difference of Government,and humors of peeple, from 7 7, to 8 8 The difference ’twixt the Flemin, Walloon, and Hollander. 87 The laft French Kings piety to his Mother. 90 Phlebotomy much ufed in Frame. 93,94 A congratulatory Letter for Marriage. 88 A Satyrical Play in Antwerp about the Prince Palfgrave proceed¬ ings. 89 Wars ’twixt the French King and the Proteftants. 91, 92 A famous fpeech of St. Lewis. . 92,93 Of the French Favorits Limes, and his twobrothers Cadenet and Brand. 105 The ftrange ftory of Maid of Orleans , and how the Englijh wer reveng’d of her. 96, 97 A facetious paffagc of the Duke of Elpernon. 97 The opinion of a French Doftor of Englijh Ale. 94 The French Pollette. ibid. The third Se&ion. G O»rfaM\tfirft-audience about the Spanilh Match and the ilf Augury that brfcll. , 100 Sir Henry Montague made Lord Trefurer; a facetious queftion ask’d him. ibid. Cautions for travelling Italy. 1 5 r King James his fharp anfwer to the Parlement'Yrom New-marty about the Spanifh Match &c. Gondamars facetious fpeech of my Lady Hatton. \o2, 103 Of the Synod of Dorpj. ' 104 Archbifhop Abbats dilafter to kill a Keeper, &c, .1 $7- The Index of the firji Volume* the French Kings proceedings againft the Proteftants, and the death of hums. ia$ > Of the Infanta, of Spain, and her two brothers. 111 The bold manner of Petitioning the King of Spain. ibid. Som commendable qualities of the Spaniards. /ibid. Of the oid.Duke of Larma. 'ibid. Material things of the Match. 1 12 The witty fpeech of the Marquis of Wontefclares. 114 Of Count Mansfields notable retreat to Breda his chiefeft exploit. 115 Of our Princehis arrival at the Court of Spain, his ufage there, 1 6 ,117 118,119 118 124 Preparations made for the wedding day. The Erl of Brifiols Audience upon his rec and fom paiTages of Gondamar. Of his comportment in courting the Lady Infanta, £tc. A witty faying of a Spanifh woman. Of their baiting of Bulls with men. Vcries upon the Prince his wooing. The monftrous manner of Ofman the great Furies death, with fom Obfervations thereon. 125,126 Of his ominous dream, and the grand Vi furs Prediction to Sir Tot. Roe. 127,128 A Difcours ’twixt our Prince and the King of Spain. 129 ■ Of our Prince his departure thence. 151 How matters flood after his departure. ibid. . a >'- . . ??3 receiving a new Commifli- on. 164 Probabilities that the Spaniard intended a Match with Engl. 135 My Lord Vagits witty Speech in Parlement. 134 Of the Bifhop of Halve) jtadt. 13 5 The notable Plot the two Spanijh Ambaifadors invented to demo¬ lish the Duke of 136 The high proffers that were made the Erl of Bristol, if he would (layin Spain. 135 Of the manner of the proceedings of the Spanifib Match by way of comparifon. 137' The brcacli of the Spanifh Match by a Philofophical comparifon. 138 An Abflraft of the Spanifi) Monarchy, of its growth, of the foyl, and the humor of the Inhabitants, from 140, to 146 Of things happen’d at the liege of Bergen op Zoom. A pleafanttale of a lame Captain. 147 Of the vertue of Familiar Letters. 148 Of that ftupendious Monument the Efcnrial. 149 Of the late famous Duke of Ojfinna, divers pauages, 1 The Index of the firft Volume Of writing by Cyphers. i $ t A memorable Pafiage of the Jefuits. ibid,, A facetious Tale of a Soldier. j52 7 % third Settion contains divers intrinfecal Paffages wore, of the Treaties both of Match and Pafatinat. The fourth SeUion. (~\F the Jewels that were lefc in the Court of Spain, to be pre- Vy fented at die Betrothing day. 155 Of the fruitfulnefs offrendilh. 154 Of Count Mans felt. 155 An exadt Relation of his late Majefties death by an ey-witnes. 157 Of my Lord Vmdam after his fall 159 Cautions for Marriage. ibid. The difafterous death of young Prince Frederic. 161 Of the Treaty of a Match with France, and of Cardinal Richelieu. ids How lively Letters reprefent the inward man. 1 £5 The Capitulation of the Match with France. 164. Of Monfieurs marriage. 1 6t The rare perfedtions of the late Marchionefs of Winchester, ibid. Of Grave Maurice's death, and of the taking of Freda. 16 7 The forry fucceffe of our Fleet to Cales under the Lord wimble- don. i6p Som advertifements to the Duke of Buckingham before the Parle- The true nature of Love. 170 171 172 Of Count Mans felt. Cardinal Richelieu's firft rife 1 A facetious faying of the Queen of France touching Count Mans- felt. 172 A clafliing ’twixt Bn c\ingham and Bristol. ibid. Acomparifon ’twixt the Infanta and the Daughter of France 174 A facedous Pafquil in Rome. 175 The fpeedy conclufion of the French Match, and a facetious tale of the Pope. ibid. Her Majefties arrival in England. 1 74 The diffolution of the Parlement at Oxon, and of the Lord Keep- per williams. 175 Of the Renvoy of her Majefties Ft ench fervants, &c, 177 The reafons alledged for Lone-monies. 173 the Index of the firfl Volume. A memorable example in the perfon of a Spanifh Captain, how ftrangely a fuddcn conceit may work within us. 179,180 the fifth Setfion. A Northern Letter. ■ i I2 Our breach with France, and our ill fuccefe at the Ifle of Kits. The Lord Denbigh's forry return from before Rod e!. j g$ Of the Wars in Italy about the Dutcfiy of Mantona, j g. A circumftantial Relation of the Duke of Buckinghams death by aneyvvitnes. 187 The Lord of Lindfeys return from before Rochel, the taking and demanding of her by the French King. j 8 8 Colonel Grays quick device to fave his life out of a Salt-pit. 188 A methodiaal incitement for an Oxford Student. 189 Of die taking the great Royal Ship, the Holy Spirit of the French, by Sir Sadfuil frever. 1 p 0 Adehortary Letter from fwearing, with examples of all forts. A Hymn thereupon. 194 The properties of a Foot-man. 196 Of Bm John fins Genius. 193 Of tardy Courtefies. 2co Som amorous Sonnets of black eyes, &Cr 201,20a A check againft the habit of drinking. 209 A Poem upon the Brit if) Language. 206 A witty reply to Sir £ dw. cooi > by a Countrey-man. 199 A character of Sir P ojlhiimtvi Hobby. ' 200 The firfl rife of the Lord Strafford.. ibid. The King of Snvedens firfl rufliing into Germany. . 207 The King of Denmark ill fuccefie againft Tilly, and the favourable peace heobtained. • ibid. Of a ragged illegible hand. 208 The proud infeription the French King left upon a triumphant pillar, on one of the Alpian hills. 209 OPSk Kf.n.Vigbiis exploits againft the P r cjKt/aBGalealTes,&c. 210 A jeer put upon Sir Tho.Fdmonds being AmbaiTador in Funce.ibid. Another jeer of the French Ambaffador. 211 Of Sir Tho .’Ventrvortbs violent rifingup. ibid. Of the King of Srndens monftrous 1 'rogres, his clafhing with the Fnglijh and French Ambaflador. . 214. A Letter of Thanks. 213 A defeription of an Olla podrida. 219 Of. The Index of the firji Volume, Of the Spanifb Inq'uifitiott \ 2^,219 Tiie death of tiie Queen-Dowager of Denmark, his Majefties Grandmother, tiie richefr Princefs of Chriftendom, Stc. 2id The (ixth Section. A N exaft relation of tiie Erl of Liiafer's EtnbaiTy to tiie King of Denmark. and other Princes 227 Som remarkable parages in tiie Vanilb Court 222 Of Htmburgb and the Hans Towns, their beginning, and die fa¬ mous quarrel they had .with Queen F//Q. _ 222,224 The marvellous refemblance of Ilolllch men with ther;?£ Sec. 22 6 The King of Smdens death related by an eye-witnris, his aver- fion to the Fnglijb, Sec 2 3 r The Palfgrivis death 229 The late Pope’s compliance with him _ 230 A ftrange apparition happen’d in the Weft about a dying Gen¬ tleman 232 Of A'Q theAtturncy, and of Ship-money 233 Of the Lord m/loifs EmbaiTy to Italy, and a clafliing ’twixt my Lord of Holland and him . J *b. The Queen-Mothers, and Monfieurs retirement to F l an ins 239 A Chriftmas Hymn 235 Of the condition of the Jews fquandcr’d up and down the world, how they came to be to cunning and hateful,from whence they . expert their Mdiias, &c. ' 236,237,233- Of Platonic Love . 239 The fudden comfort of Letters. 240 Of a ftrange Pattern given a Scotch-man . lb. Of Atturney %’s death, and the odd will he made, &c. 241 The arrival of the Prince Eleftor, and of Prince Rupert to Dig- land, their defigns 24? Monfieuf deals from Duffels .. ?49 A Herald of Arms fent from France to denounce War againft , Spain 2 4 ^ Of Mountmorencf s death __ ' ^ " 4 ? A memorable example of the force of affection in the perfon of a French Lady Of Peter van Heyns mighty Hate prize, &c. ' - Of judgments fallen upon difobedient children The Erl of Amide? s return from the German Diet Lorain taken by the French Of Tranflatiotis The young Prince Electors ill fuccefs in Gimiyjyand Princ pert taken Priloner, &c, the Index of the fiji Volume* The moll tragical death of the Erl of mrfuys at Leige 251 Upon Ben. John fan's death ' 252 A method in devotion 252,253,234,255 Raiyvil come from Poland Ambaffador 246 The Scots Commanders returning from Germany, iiant at the Englijh Court - ib. Of the Soveraign of the Sea, her diinenfions and charge 235 Of King Edgar his mighty Naval power, and lofty title, &c. ib. Of the heat and medicinal virtue of the Bath 277 The fplendor of the lri[h Court • 259 Of a memorable paflage in Sttidas touching our Saviour 260 Of Edinburgh • _ 26 1 A difpute’twixt a Vintner and a Shoomaker about Bifliops ib. Of that furious Naval fight ’twixt Oquendo and the Hollanders in the Downes 268 Of Chymiftry 284 The Revolt of Catalonia, and the utter defection of Portugal from the Spaniard . 26 5 The doleful calling away of Captain limmirfs Ship, valued at 800000 pounds _ 2 66 Of an hideous Serpent found in a young Gentlemans heart in Hol- born, and other ill-favoured auguries ib. Of monflrous profane Epithets given the French Cardinal 268 Som facetious pahages of the old Duke of Efpernon Of comfort in captivity Of a miraculous accident happen’d in Hemelen in Germany Of the calamities of the times Of felf-examination Of Merchant Adventurers Of the late Pope’s death, and the election of this by the Spanifb faction-,his propenfity to pcace.andtheimpolfibility of it 277 " :r " '278 383 ■ ib. 2*8* 269 274 275 Marquifs Vawlet his ingenious Motto Of the Ape of Paris applied to thefe times Of Affliaion Ofatruefrend Of a flrange peeple lately difeover’d in Spain Of Moderation and Equanimity Of the fruits of affliction . Of Wiying 283 284,285 An An Index of the principal waiters contained in ' this fccond Volume of Familiar Letters. 'C 1 Ncouragemcnts to liaften a bufinefs -- i$j 1 _j A ftrange difparity ’twist a married couple ' • ib. The power of the Pen 28$ Advice againft detraction ib. Of the general infirmities of men 28? Of natural corruption 290 Of the paflions of Love, and the humour of Women ; ibi Of a clafll that happen’d ’twixt Leo the tenth, and thfe Trends King, and their witty anfwers and replies 292 The faying of Robert Groftbead Bifiiop of Lincoln, touching the Pope ib. Advice to filence - - ib. A Letter of thanks, and forgiving injuries 293 Of Religion in general 204 Of the Religion of the Jews, and their feveral Sects 29$ Of Chriftianity, and the difficulties that attend it 297 England, one of the firft Chriftian Countreys ib. The caufe of the firft divilion ’twixt the Eaftern and Wefteril Churches 299 Of the Eaftern Church ib. The extent of Chriftianity ib. The lamentable decay of Chriftianity in A file 303 Of Mahometifm, with the beginning and policy thereof 300 The reverend opinion the Turks have of Chrift, and the Virgin Mary . ■ , ib. The vaft extent of Mahometifm 301 The concurrence of the Turk with the Chriftian and Jew 302 Of the Pagans or Heathens Religion, and their extent. 303 .The belt fort of Pagans 304 The degrees how Philofophy did propagate it felf 303. A companion in point of extent ’twixt all Religions 307 Som advice for a young Traveller 308 Of vain-glory 309 Of the arrogance of the Romans ibi Advice to a young Souldier ib. A Letter of advice to give over a bufinefs' 3'° Of Secretary walfmgbam, and Secretary Cecil 3 > 2 A rare companion of. Charles the Emperor .?'? Kka • The the Index of the fecond Volume. The mulberry a pattern of wifdom ib. Of the. falling cvf of Catalonia and Portugal from the King of ' Spain Of extravagant humors A Letter of reprehenfion for filence Of the virtue of Letters Advice to'be careful in epiflolizing An amorous Poem An apology for not anfwering a Letter Of a monftrous new Ifland fprung up in the Atlantic Sea Of the fearful earthquakes in Italy Of Genoa, Venice, &c. A Letter of Love A Letter of frendly refpefts The difference ’twixt profperity and adverfity • A Letter of recommendation for a fervant What a fupernumerary fervant is like to Of the abufe of a great pifture taken at -Arundel Of erodes and troubles Of Chymical knowlcdg Of the Peace ’twixt Spain and Holland A Letter of condolement and mortality Tire Author’s apology for himfelf The French Satyr of Queen Elk.. Of the exorbitant liberty of Printing Of port Pidgeons ib. Private contemplations of the Author upon divers objefts. .341 A remedy againft melancholy Of the Wines of Spain, Italy, France, and Germany Of the I file water Of Mctheglin, Meath and Braggot, Sider and Terry How the Germans drink healths A ftrange tale of fom Dutch drunkards Of tongues in general Of the tongues and her dialcfts The irijh a dialed: of the mlch irdch words found in America The ground of the appellation of Engti{h-mea Fox hiVgrofs error at the beginning of the Book of Martyrs When tlie Englifh tongue took footing in Scotland ■ Of, the German tongur, and the extent of it SomcT erfian words confignificant with the Dutch Of the Slavonic language, her dialeds, and vaft extent of it ib. Above all other languages the Slavonic hath two charafters ib. 1 A Char- 343 35 °> 3 Q 349 35i % ib.&c. ib. ik ib. 356 The Index Oj lutjcconU i- oinme. A Charter of Alexander the Great, yet extant upon the walls of a’ Church in Fragne ib. Of the tongue, her growth and progrefs 358 The pittifol decay of the Gne^ tongue , 3 <9 How ftrangely die Gr eel’s are degenerated above all other Nati¬ ons ib. The ancient monfrrous extent of'tlie Greel^ tongue ib. Of the Latin tongue, and her degrees of perfection po The Gree^ always more efteem’d than Latin in the Eaft and Weft " 361 How the Laf/a did refine her felf • ib. Of the fundry barbarous people that invaded Italy 302 Of Italian, Sjianijb , and French languages 363 Of the Arcadians [ 364 Where to find the true ancient fpccch of any Countrey ib. Of the mother-tongue of Europe 5so A Philofophical reafon of the diverfity of tongues 3^7 Of the vaft extent of the Arabian tongue ib. Of til e Hebrew ■ ib. Languages fubjeft to corruption and change as other things 318 Of Sir re alter Raivleigh's Voyage to Gb/4«j, and. a jitdgmcntt up- A facetious tale of the Erl of liiliare Of my Lord Carleton A facetious tale of a Spanijb Souldier . Frendly wiflies ( id. A comparifon ’twixt the cafe of the King of England with other Kings 37 6 A Letter of refpefts to a Lady - 378 A caution not to negleft the Latin for any vulgar language ib. Of praifes to God, and how they are the bed oblations 3 79 ■ A facetious tale of Henry the fourth of France , 381 Amenta only free from Mahometifm 30J The Alchoran brought in by the Alfange ’ 300 Arabic the folclanguage of the Alchoran , ib. Of the black bean in Mahomet' s liearc 289 - Of vanity of beauties ' 238 The Mendicant Friers make a kind of amends for. the exceffes of the Cardinal and Bi (hops 291 Of borrowing and buying of Books , -317 Canary the befl of Wines . ’ g 5 r ChrifFianity more fubjeft to variety of opinions than any other Religion, and the caufe thereof 2p5,297 . Advice from attempting a bufinefs " 210 K k 3 fient- 37 ;!- 375 The Index of the firft Volume . Reputation like a Venice-glafs A Fable of Fire, Water, and Fame A facetious tale of a Souldier Of delay in bufinefs Of difpatcli Of Matches ’twixt England and Spain ■ The vertuc of money A famous faying of Captain Talbot Of a hard intricate bufinefs A Letter of reprehenfion for carelefs writing Some amorous Stanza’s A Letter of gratitude An Apology for women Of good and bad women pf free courtefies A courtefie may be marr’d in the mode An apology for filence A tale of a ’Neapolitan ConfefTor A new Ifland difcover’d hard by the Temtas pf the Hill Vefuvius Some rarities of Venice Of the Gmowayes Of our Indian Mariner Gmnnitis Sopbifta's laft will The Author’s laft Teflament Of Melancholy A facetious tale of a Porter 4 inodell reply of a Letter of praife A Letter of Patience Of Chymiflry Of the difeafes of the time A Letter of recommendation Of fuperfluous Servants An advice to travel pf reading of Books Of partiality of news The Hiltory of Conanus and the nooo Yirgins miftaken Of prifoners The Author’s Epitaph Advice to a Catnbridg Scholar A Letter of comfort The effects of imprifonment Of Chymiftry '.' l Of Dnnki)\ ib. 3i5 ib. ib. 318 319 320 ib, ib. 32! ib. ib. ib. 322 321 ib. 323 324 325 32 6 ib. 33 ? ib. ib. 3? 8 W 334 335 Abet- ’The Index of the firft Volume . A Letter of State A tale of the late Queen of Spain The Th)\s Payer Of Nature, Fate, and Time A Confolatory Letter Amodefl reply to a Letter Encomiaftic A Letter of reprehenfion for not writing Of Qu. Eli\. pro & con How the Spaniards charge her Of futilous writers Of fpeeding Letters A Letter of Meditation The advantage of Marriage A Letter of Complement to a Lady A Hymn to the blefied Trinity St. Auflin's with in a Hymn Of fearing and loving of God 3 if ib. 1 333 340 ib. Hi 34 f Of all forts of wines The Riddle of the Vineyard-man Of Girman and Gmk^ Drinkers Of the pityful condition of England A Congratulatory Letter from travel Of Prayer and Praife OftheExcife A tale of Monfieur de la Cbatrc The power of Letters Some Spanijb Epitaphs Of French Lawyers A Letter confolatory to a lick body Stanza’s of mortality Of the.Paffioh-week A-Letter Congratulatory for marriage A caution for imparting fecrets A Letter of Intelligence OfAutology ' ' A Letter of Confolation ■ §elf-travel one of t!ie ways tftat lead us to Heaven ib 34 6 > 347 353 ' 374 -378 37 9 3?. r ib. 382 383 3 8 .5 ib, 38a 383 385 384 313 387 ’Jit An Index to the Third Volume of Familiar Letters. O F the ufe of paffions Paflions like Mufcovic Wives expert to be check’d The ccnquefl: of ones felf the greatefl point of valour Of the wars of Venice The fearful commotions of' Naples The horrid commotions in Ethiopia. Strange revolutions in China The menftrous Infurreftions in Mofcovij A prophecy of Holland A letter of correfpondence I.etters compared to Ecchoes Of Heaven Endearments of love Of the Presbyter and his firlt rife Of Calvin his prophane applications Of Gcnrutt King Jamis call’d Presbytery a Sert Redemption the Wolfing peramount The Eucharift the prime art of devotion A Hymn upon the Holy Sacrament A Rapture The happieft condition of life, Ooinion the great Lady that rules the world \ o lie chtefefl thing that makes one happy Of ihoirangc Monfler in Scotland The uncertain hate of a Merchant Adventurer A Mariner fcarce to be ranked among the living A rich City like a fat cheefe, fubjeft to maggots Congratulation to a Married couple Of Tobacco, and the virtue of it A flrange cure wrought upon my Lord Scroop by a pipe bacco 3? 2 ■tk ik. ik 393 ik 394 ik ik 395 ib. ik ik t ib. 401 402 ik ib. 4°,3 ib. To- ib. The way to know how much fmoke there is in a pound of To¬ bacco ' 4°4~ Of Dortor Thorites Ptetologie 40$ The different modes of taking Tobacco 1 (k -A Diliich of Tobacco , " ■ ‘ ib. Of The Index of the third - Volume. Of Learning in general ib. Handicrafts-men may well be term'd learned men ib. A wholfome piece of policy of the Chimfes 40S A tale of Bifliop G rojtbead _ . ■ ib. A ineer Scholar a ufelefs thing ib. A facetious tale of Thomas Aquinas and JSonavmtme ib. A Speech of Alexander Hales ib. The general itching after Book-learning hurtful to England 407 Gun-powder and Printing about a time, and both hurtful ib. The true learned men 408 A jeer upon the common Lawyer ib. Of the Phylician ib. Pope Adrian's fpeech ib. Of the lunary world 409 Antiquity cannot ptiviledg an error ib. Novelty cannot prejudice truth ib. Of the Antipodes _ , ib. The method how God pours down his bleffings 410 The following day wifer than the formoil ib. The Cadet older than his elder brother ib. Of experience ib. The prime Philofophers held there was a world in the Moon ib. A notable companion ib. What kind of creatures are thought to be in the body of the Sun 411 Of Galileo's glafs 412 The Turks opinion of the Sun ib. The earth thebafeft of creatures ib. Of Trifmtgijlus ib. The prerogatives of man ib. A Letter of complement to a Lady 419 Of frendihip - 413 Of Fortune’s Wheel 414 The power of God ib. What ufe France hath made of Scotland 415 An Italian faying appliable to England. ib. The old plot of the Jefuit now done in England ib. A Letter of congratulation from forren travel ib. What a traveller muft carry home with him befides language 41 6 'Tis probable the Spaniard will be too hard for the French ib. A Letter complaining of the hard condition of England ib. Another of the miferies of the time 417 A conjunction 'twixt Spain and France the wholfom’ft for Chri- ' ftendom 4>9 A Let- The Index of the third Volume. A Letter of endearment < 2o Of ’Paul's Church' ib. Of Tranflations ^ 2t The Englijh and Italian compar’d ib. Tranflations like wines taken off the lees, and pour’d into bot¬ tles ib. How' the English Language grows rich ib. What is chiefly expected from a faithful Tranflator ib. Of Prophecies 425 The ftrange prediction of Nojlredams ib. Some wonderful Prophecies of the Welch Bards reflecting up¬ on thefe times" ib. A Prophecy of White-Ball 424 A Prophecy for the Souldier ik Of witches ... 425 How perverfe men mult be ufed in deputation ib. All Nations enaCted Laws againlt witchcraft ib. The ACt of Parlement in England againlt witches ib. The Imperial Law againlt witches ik The Judaical and Roman Law againlt witches ib. Nopedamus his notable prediction reflecting upon England ik . A notable Itory of Cbarlmain ib. St. Al'fiin and Damns his opinion of' witches 425 Olaus Magnus his opinion of King Ericas cafe,that could command the winds ‘ ib. Of the Oracles ' ib. A memorable Itory out of Plutarch ib. The oath that witches ufe to take ib. The famous tale of Frier Loves in Francs ib. Of Ruttirfyn the witch that inchanted my Lord of Rutland's chil¬ dren 417 A Letter of frendly endearments 420 England cur’d of the Kjngs-evil ib. Of ditference in opinion 42? Differences in opinion Ihould not dilfolve the bonds of humane fociety. ib. One of the fpecial priviledges of God Almighty. ik Tbmiftiut his opinion touching the worfhip of the Creator ib, Of fpiritual pride, the greater!; engin the devil ufeth to defiroy peeple 430 n Index of the chiefefi pujfages in this fourth Volume of Familiar Letters. A. O F the abufes of the times Of the Angel and Anchorit Q .Art mi fa made her body her Husbands fepulcher The advantages of Hiftory 443 The Americans at firft thought a man on horfeback was all.but one creature ib. AriSotles error holding there were no Affes in France 455 Of the Apoftolical Creed 472 Antiquity to be preferred before novelty • ■ 457 A rule to read old Authors 459 An acre of performance more than-the whole land of promife 476 Armorica in France planted by tlie welch Britains Of the analogy ’twixt Amfiirdam and Venice Amjlerdam fmells rank of a Hans Town Of an Amonian Merchant The Author’s opinion of the World The advantages England hath had by the late Wars B. B Sennits the Britain the firft Forrener Rome felt _ rj _ The beafts proper to a Forreft, to a Chafe, to a Park 45 5 Bodin touching the freedom of the French 455 The British held to be the firft language of France 458 British words found in France to this day 460 The Britains held barbarous by Strabo, becaufe they could not ' ' ’ 472 472 47 ? 473 485 Page 494 435 4 $6 462 ib. 468 469 5o 1 432 make clieefe We muft believe for our felves, and beg for others Of Bilhopsby chryfofiom and Atbanajins A British Prince firft difeoverer of the mjl-lndies ■ Of Babel and Babylon C . C "' Ourtefies compar’d by the French J A comparifon of the prefent cafe of England Divers comparifons touching the frame of the World Of Cuckolds •Of the Chineses inceftuous cuftotn Of Courtifans '433 434 ib. 442 The Index of the fourth Volume. The caufe ofluft in Sonlhe/n pceple Of Conniel A complement about a Prefent Canutus a great Forefter, his drift Laws The word CranJ^ abus’d in English A cenfure of the times A cenfure of forne things in the Roman Church 444 453 454 455 4 5a 4 5 7 472 D' |Oftor D dis merry mifrake 432 His witty anfwers to Q.Eli\. and the Spanijh Ambafadors 432 Of a devout Lady ■ A dry cough the Trompeter of death Divers remarks upon Q. Eli\. raign Tire Duke of Efpernon would have love to be the third principle The dialefts of the French Deeds men, words women ' Of degrees in the Church The Devil lurks in grapes berries 454 445 475 467 4 8 7 T He Elementary World made of repugnant Ingredients 434 Of Q, Eli?. 450 Of the Erl of Lind fey 454 Emblema thruft out of Rome by a fpecial diploma. 460 A ivelch Epitaph found in Sir Ritas Ricks vindicated of the afperfions caff upon him by ivilfon Of Equity and Juftice An Elegy upon Edv.mrd Erl of Dorfet Of the Erl of Clare 460 427 457 437 F Afting, as morning fpittle, kills Dragons and Devils Of the Female kind, 441 Againfl Females . 10. The fame of fome Princes like the Rofe,of others like the Pop- ■ py 452 The prerogatives of a Forrefi: over a Chafe 455 France a plentiful Countrey, but the people poor 456 Four things in Armorica call’d Howell ib. Of the French and Spaniard. 486 Of English Natures ’ 502 The French Peafants meer Affes 456 Galen's '• The Index of the fourth Volume. G . G Ata’scourfeinfleeping in the afternoon Galen Clerk of Natures Cabinet. Of Church-Government Of good works Of the grand Cofmo de Medici Of the Gallerv of Ladies Gallia firft call’d Wallin H Of the Hermit and the Angel How the Hugmts of France do fall How to govern women Of Hiftory Of Sir Elks Hicks and Fairfax before Mentanban The horrid Aftaliinat committed by a Puritan in Wales The Hiftory of wilfon cenfur’d An invitation to correfpond by Letters The manner of the Jewifh Fad; In the Church of Rome Lome things commendable Juftices of Peace made Church-men Of King John Juan de Padilla a Spaniflo Rebel . Of the Irijh Seas L L Etters the Larm-bells of Love, 431 Of Lent Of a Lover in profe and verfe The Erl of Leicifhr brouglitin firft the art of poyfoning The Loire a drunken River A Letter of condolement A Letter of congratulation Letters compar’d to Organ-pipes ‘ A Letter of comfort, 487. A Letter oT thanks A Love Sonnet Lutherans neercr Rome than the Proteftants 484 483 484 5°4 459 435 439 440 449 478 438 482 485 455 449 471 438 445 ’ 45i .456 4S9 470 453 507 445 482 Of a Mifer ... . . 44 * Of a memorable paftage in the Civil Wars of Spain 1 449 Of the Lo. Marguifs of Donbefter 450 Melancholy an ill comparifon 456 Majeftyanupftartwordfor greatnefs 44$ Of mortification 4^9 Of Metheglin in profe and verfe _ 489 The malice and cruelty of the Presbyterians 495 Montrofe the Index of the fourth Volume . Monttofe pitifully butcher’d in Scotland 40$ Of the Marquifs of uincbcfcr 503 Of a Noddy that writ a book of Wiving 442 Of Nunns ,453 New Herefies are but old ones furbifh’d 473 News from Rome , 503. of a negative face ib. Of the neatnefs and decencies of the Romm Church 48 2 0 O F the French liberty 455 Of the French language '458 Of the mutability of tongues lb. Of the original progrefs & perfection of the French tongufe ib. Of the Latin tongue 460 Of the Duke of Orleans 464 Of Sir Philip Sidney ib. Of patience by way of comparifon 448 The Peri the Ambafladors chiefeft tool Of Providence Of powdring the hair by the Gallants of the time Of the preachments of thefe times Of the Poet Shelton Of Paul’s Church Of" the common peeple Divers Pafquils from Rome The Pope ftrangely cur’d A Philofophical Poem A Poem for obferving Lent Of a hellilh natur’d Puritan A Poem upon Chriftmas day Of preemption in fearch of Divine knowledg Of' Pourlieus The great advantages of the Quill flueen zenobid's chafiity A Queen of Engtands notable love to her Husband ’Of the three laft Queen-Mothers of Fiance R A Ring made with art tp awaken one in the night How the Ruffians ufe dieir W ives Rules for a woer Of Car. Richelieu Of the 2 to 45 ? 457