FOREWORD T he use of lead for building purposes is not new. Many of the world’s architectural masterpieces enriched by its use stand today, after centuries of wear, mute evidence of the perma- nence and beauty of lead. Until the introduction of HOYT HARDLEAD the only lead available was soft lead. While possessing many worthy qualities soft lead has the disadvantage of low physical strength which renders its use for general roofing purposes impractical. HOYT HARDLEAD has a much greater tensile strength than soft lead which permits its use in comparatively thin sheets making it thoroughly practical and adaptable to modern building construction. HOYT HARDLEAD can be stamped, formed or cast in any shape desired. HOYT HARDLEAD when exposed to the atmosphere takes on a soft gray, non-staining patina that brings out the true value of adjacent materials and gives a balance to these materials that can not be obtained with other metals. It will lend dignity and character to any structure where permanence and beauty is desired. HOYT HARDLEAD can be used for all building purposes where it is practical to use sheet metal. ‘S'TT Of (Tlp:^, rn.M*=^«y- Partial List of Hoyt Hardlead Installations Name of Job Prudential Life Insurance Building West Virginia State Capitol Chase Dispensary Chamber of Commerce James Scott Memorial Marshall Field, 3 rd Estate Moses Taylor Residence School of Business Columbia University St. George’s School Women’s Nat’l Tennis & Golf Club House C. Smithers Residence H. E. Manville Residence Erank Nobbe Residence Grassy Sprain Golf Club Hartford Times Building New York Cotton Exchange Eirst Presbyterian Church St. George’s Chapel Cathedral St.John The Divine Church of the Sacred Heart John Hays Hammond Estate National Cathedral University of Michigan Federal Reserve Bank Bowery Savings Bank Vincent Astor Residence Location Architect Newark, N. J . Cass Gilbert, New York, N. Y. Charleston, W. Va. Cass Gilbert, New York, N. Y. Waterbury, Gonn. Cass Gilbert, New York, N. Y. Washington, D. C. Cass Gilbert, New York, N. ’’ik Belle Isle, Detroit, Mich. Huntington, L. I . Portsmouth, R. I. New York, N. Y. Cass Gilbert, New York, N. John Russell Pope, New York, N. Y. John Russell Pope, New York, N. Y. McKim, Mead & White, New York, N. Y Newport, R. 1 . McKim, Mead & White, New York, N. Y. Glen Head, L. I . McKim, Mead Sz White, New York, N. Y. White Plains, N. Y. Pleasantville, N. Y. St. Albans, L. I . White Plains, N. Y. Hartford, Conn. Donn Barber, New York, N. Y. Donn Barber, New York, N. Y. Donn Barber, New York, N. Y. Donn Barber, New York, N. Y. Donn Barber, New York, N. Y. New York, N. Y. Utica, N. Y. Newport, R. I. New York, N. Y. Donn Barber, New York, N. Y. Cram Sz Ferguson, Boston, Mass. Rushmer & Jennison, Utica, N. Y. Associates Cram & Ferguson, Boston, Mass. Cram 6 z Ferguson, Boston, Mass. Jersey City, N. J . Gloucester, Mass. Mt. St. Albans Washington, D. G. Ann Arbor, Mich. New York, N. Y. New York, N. Y. Port Washington, L. I. Cram 6 z Ferguson, Boston, Mass. Frohman, Robb &l Little, Boston, Mass. Frohman, Robb Sz Little, Boston, Mass. York 6z Sawyer, New York, N. York 6z Sawyer, New York, N. ’^k York 6z Sawyer, New York, N. Y. Delano 8z Aldrich, New York, N. Y. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from Columbia University Libraries https://archive.org/details/architecturalornOOunit Name of Job Chicago Tribune Towei Delaware Atlantic Telephone Co. Building Ellis Cottages-Ellis College Alexander Hamilton Rice Residence F. E. Dixon Residence Connecticut College for Women H, E. Manville Farm Buildings Dennison University Royal Bermudiana Hotel Mausoleum Fairlawn Mausoleum Robert Law Residence and Garage Edward Kauffman Residence Pittsburgh, Penna Longue Vue Club Pittsburgh, Pa. Washington Loan & Trust Co. Washington, D. C Kenyon College Gambier, Ohio Monument to Music Providence, R. I . Chemical Laboratory Hamilton College Utica Golf Glub Clinton, N. Y. Utica, N. Y. Walter E. Kelly Residence Riverdale, N. Y. Archaeological Building, Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio Administration Building, Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio Lloyd Frank Residence Portland, Oregon Ford Motor Gompany Detroit, Mich. Packard Motor Company Detroit, Mich. U. S. Post Office and Customs House Oswego, N. Yb U. S. Post Office Philadelphia, Pa. U. S. Post Office Beaver Falls, Pa. Auditor’s Building Washington, D. C Architect John Mead Howells — Raymond M. Hood, New York, N. Y John T. Windrim, Philadelphia, Fa. John T. Windrim, Philadelphia, Pa. Horace Trumbauer, Philadelphia, Pa. Horace Trumbauer, Philadelphia, Pa. Chas. A. Platt, New York, N. Y. Alfred Hopkins, New York, N. Y. Arnold W. Brunner, New York, N. Y'. Warren Wetmore, New York, N. \ . Sidney Lovell, Chicago, 111. Sidney Lovell, Chicago, 111. Dwight J . Baum, Riverdale, N. Y. Benno Janssen, Pittsburgh, Pa. Benno Janssen, Pittsburgh, Pa. A. B. Heaton, Washington, D. C. Abram Garfield, Gleveland, Ohio Bellows & Aldrich, Boston, Mass. Bagg & Newkirk, Utica, N. Y . Bagg 6z Newkirk, Utica, N. Y. Geo. B. Post & Son, New YYrk, N. fi'. Prof. J. H. Bradford, Golumbus, Ohio Prof. J. H. Bradford, Golumbus, Ohio Herman Brookman, Portland, Oregon Albert Kahn, Detroit, Mich. Albert Kahn, Detroit, Mich. U. S. Government, Washington, D. G. U. S. Government, Washington, D. G. U. S. Government, Washington, D. G. U. S. Government, Washington, D. C. Location Chicago, 111. Princeton, N. J . Philadelphia, Pa. New YYrk, N. Y. Elkins Park, Pa. New London, Conn. Pleasantville, N. Y. Granville, Ohio Hamilton, Bermuda Kansas Gity, Mo. Oklahoma Gity, Okla. Port Chester, N. Y . I Conductor Heads, Conductor Pipe, Gutters and Fittings IMPORTANT — I'o insure the use of proper materials, correct weights and expert workmanship, specify as follows: ALL HO'LT HARDLEAD SUEETS, LEADER HEADS, LEADER PIPE, LEADER BANDS, GUTTERS, GOOSENECKS SHALL BE MANUFACTURED BY 'I'HE UNITED LEAD COMPANY, III BROADWAY, NEW ^'ORK, N.Y. CONDUCTOR HEADS herein illustrated are made of rough cast HOYT HARDLEAD. Patterns are in stock and can be duplicated promptly. We are prepared to execute Heads in accordance with architect’s special designs. CONDUCTOR PIPE is manufactured in three types, rough cast, seamless and rolled sheet. Rough Cast pipe is made from HO’^l’T HARDLEAD cast sheets with a rough surface finish. The pipe can be formed to any size desired. The vertical seam which is placed on the hack of the pipe is a burnt seam. Several designs of ornamental pipe are illustrated but we are prepared to execute ornamental conductor pipe from architect's special design. Seamless pipe is made from HOYT HARDLEAD and is without vertical seam. This pipe is carried in stock in sizes shown on Plate 27. It can be furnished smooth or finished with a hammered or rough surface, as desired. Rolled Sheet pipe is made of HOYT HARDLEAD rolled sheet formed to shapes and sizes shown on Plate 28. This pipe is furnished only in smooth finish. CONDUCTOR PIPE FITTINGS, Goosenecks, Offsets and Elbows are made to order from measurements furnished. These fittings are made for all types and sizes of conductor pipe illustrated and are finished to correspond with type of pipe. GUTTERS are manufactured in two types, rough cast and rolled sheet HOd’T HARDLEAD. Rough Cast gutter is made from HOYT HARDLEAD cast sheets with a rough surface finish to correspond with the rough cast conductor pipe. This type of gutter can be made to any size or shape and ornamented in accordance with architect's details. Rolled Sheet gutter is made from HO'^'T HARDLEAD rolled sheets in two types as herein illustrated. CONDUCTOR BANDS are manufactured in several designs as herein illustrated and can be obtained in any design and finish in accordance with the architect’s details. These bands are cast of HOYT HARDLEAD in one piece. For notes on the installation of HOYT HARDLEAD products, sec page 32. Plate No. I Approximate Dimensions Width at Top 22f^" Projection 6ki” Height 21* UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT HARDLEAD products DIX’ISION 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. Plate No. Approximate Dimensions Width at Top Projecftion 8" Height IXyi" UNITED LEAD COMPANY Hoyt Hardlead Products Dixtsion 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. P late No. j Approximate Dimensions Width at Top 18T+" Projection 10' Height 10" UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT HARDLEAD products DIXTSION NEW YORK, N. Y. Ill BROADWAY, Pliite No. ^ Approximate Dimensions Width at Top 17^" Projection lYi" Height 21 Tt" UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT Hardlead Products Di\'ision 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. Plate No. ■5 Approximate Dimensions Width at Top I8p8 Projertion 9ps" Height 22pl" UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT Hardlead Products Division 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. Plate No. 6 Approximate Dimensions Width at Top 15Tt " Projection bpi" Height 15" UNITED LEAD COMPANY Ho'iT Hardlead Products Dixision 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. Plate No. 7 Approximate Dimensions Width at Top 19 M Projection 9^2 Height 16 ^ " UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT hardlead Products Division 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. Plate No. S Approximate Dimensions Width at Top 25 " Projection 6" Height n" UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT hardlead products division 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. Plate No. 9 Approximate Dimensions Width at Top 12 ^4," Projecftion 7H" Height 15 " UNITED LEAD COMPANY Hoyt Hardlead Products Division 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. Plate No. lo Approximate Dimensions Width at Top 14 " Projection 5 ^ " Height 1334" UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT Hardlead Products Division 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. Plate No. II Approximate Dimensions Width at Top 14 YP Projecition IYa" Height 19" UNITED LEAD COMPANY HovT Hardlead Products Dimsion NEW YORK, N. Y. Ill BROADWAY, Plate No. Approximate Dimensions Width at Top 13^4 * Projection 5H" Height 14 H" UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT Hardlead Products Dixtsion 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y. Plate No. / 7 Approximate Dimensions Width at Top 20 Projection 1 pi" Height 2 1 H * UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT Hardlead Products Dix'ision 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. Plate No. Approximate Dimensions Width at Top 23 " Projection 9" Height 20 Tt" UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT HARDLEAD products DIVISION 111 BRe:)ADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. Plate No. /j HeadH-212 Band 8-62 Pipe 4" Round Approximate Dimensions Width at Top 13R+ " Projedtion 6)4" Height 17 H" UNITED LEAD COMPANY Hoyt Hardlead Products Division 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y. Plate No. 1 6 HeadH-205 Band B-71 Pipe 3" Round Approximate Dimensions Width at Top 7 /'&" Projedtion 3 f 8 " Height 9 3^^^ UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT hardlead products DI\'ISI0N 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. Plate No. // Approximate Dimensions Width at Top 20 J4 " Projed:ion 1 pi " Height 18 UNITED LEAD COMPANY Hoyt Hardlead Proe')UCts Dix'ision 111 BR(.')An\VAY, NEW YORK, N. Y. Plate No. i8 Approximate Dimensions Width at Top 17/4" Projecftion 1 yi" Height 16 K* UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT Hardlead Products Division 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y. Plate No. i() Approximate Dimensions Width at Top ProjecTrion Height 9 jT UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT Hardlead Products Division 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. Plate No. 20 Approximate Dimensions Width at Top 11 Yi" Projertion 3 " Height XAYi," UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT HARDLEAD products DIX'ISION 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y. lUate No. 21 Approximate Dimensions Width at Top 14*^ Projecftion 6 " Height UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT HARDLEAD products DIVISION 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. Plate No. 2. Head H-202 Band B-dl Pipe 2x3"- 3x4" Approximate Dimensions Width at Top 17 " Projection 6 > 2 " Height 8 3^ " rXITED LEAD COMPANY Hovr Hardlead products Dixision 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. Plate No. 2j Rough Cast Sheet Gutters G-30 sg, G-31 CG2 GG3 GG4 G-35 Scale Approximate : 13^" = !' UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT Hardlead products Dixtsion 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. I L-61 L-63 L-65 ( I Plate No. 2./ Rough Cast Ornamental Leader Pipe L-60 L-62 L-64 ^*"»r*TrT 3 " Round 4” Round 3x4 2x3 3x4 UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT HARDLEAD PRODUCTS DiX’ISION 111 BROADWAY. NEW YORK, N.Y. Plate No. 2j H'64 (Corner) Approximate Dimensions Width sys” Projection 10 > 2 " Height 18 y" Conductor Pipe 3" Octagonal 3 'Round 3 " Square H-65 Approximate Dimensions Width 13" Projection 14^" Height 20 y" Conductor Pipe 2 " x 4 X * H-66 Approximate Dimensions Width 15 y" Projection 11" Height 22 y Conductor Pipe 2 >2 " x -4 Rt " “ “ 3"x4'' “ 4" Octagonal “ “ 4" Round H-69 Approximate Dimensions Width 93 ^" Projection 5 y " Height Wy Conductor Pipe 2 3^ " x 4 Rt " UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT Hardlead Products Division 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. I'ltile Su. Approximate Dimensions Widths" Projection 5 " Height 1 yi" Conductor Pipe x " if Approximate Dimensions Width 83^" Projection 5 Vi" Height 11" Conductor Pipe 23^"x 3 H" “ “ 2 >^"x4K" 4" Round HAH Approximate Dimensions Width 10" Projection 6' Height 7 ” Conductor Pipe 2 )4"x 3 '-i HAH Approximate Dimensions Width lOHs' Projection 7 ' t ” Height 1 1 7 Cc:)nductor Pipe 2 Ax 3 ' i “ 2'rx4'4' 31 A Square “4" Round UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT HARDLEAD PRODUCTS DIVISION 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. Plate No. -?7 HOYT HARDLEAD SEAMLESS CONDUCTOR PIPE STANDARD LENGTH OF PIPE SIX FEET UNITED LEAD COMPANY Hoyt Hardlead Products Division NEW YORK, N. Y. Ill BROADWAY, Plale No. 2 S Hoyt Hardlead Rolled Sheet Conducftor Pipe SIZES L'3 3" Diameter L'4 4" Diameter SIZES L'8 3 'Diameter L 9 4 'Diameter STANDARD LENGTH EIGHT FEET UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT Hardlead products division 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. Plate Ad/. JQ Hoyt Hardlead Goosenecks, Miters and Elbows UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT Hardlead Products Division 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. p lilt l' i\ (/ . Hoyt Hardlead Cast Conductor Bands B'40 Conductor 2 x2 B-41 “ 2'/x3', B'42 “ 23 . 'x 4'., B'44 Conductor 3" Dia., Corru^jatcd B,45 “ 4" “ B'53 Conductor I'/i x 3 B-54 “ 2>^x4', B-55 “ 3^2x33^ Lead-Coated Brass Bolts and Screws Size of Screws lyi"- \ Expansion Bolts H’’x23^” “ K'x3K" “ “ frx4' UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT Hardlead Products Division 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. Platt No. Hoyt Hardlead Rolled Sheet Hanging Gutter s 1 z r s 0-20 3 ” H;ilf Roiiiul G-21 4 G-22 5 G-28 6 REINFORCED BEADED EDGE SIZES G'26 3* Octagonal G-23 4 G-24 5 G-25 6 REINFORCED BEADED EDGE STANDARD LENGTHS EIGHT FEET UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT Hardlead Products Division 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. I'late No Lead-coated Copper Hangers for Hoyt Hardlead Gutters Rolled Sheet Gutters. Hanger made in one piece with movable clip at back. Halt- round or octagon design, Sheathing or Fascia type, as re- quired. Furnished straight and can be bent to conform with pitch of roof. Cat. No. Si:c G-H 100 3" G-H 101 4" G-H 102 5" G-H 103 6" G-H 104 3" G-H 105 4" G-H 106 5" G-H 107 6" Style H;ilf-Rnun J Octagon Similar type of Hanger can be adapted tor Cast Gutters, Catalogue No. G-33-34 and 35. Shown on Plate No. 23. UNITED LEAD COMPANY HOYT hardlead Products division 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y. Hoyt Hardlead Sheets for Roofin'? IMPORTANT— Vo insure the use of proper materials, correct w eights and expert workmanship, specify as follows: ALL I 10^1 T 1 lARi:)[,LAn SI 1[{L'I'S, IHLM^LR lllfADS. LI ADI. R PlI^L, LLADLR BANIXS. CfU'l' l lfRS, CiOOSLXLCKS SI lALL IM. MANUL'ACTURLD 11 IL U\1 ri:n LlfAD ( ;t)\lPA\'t HI BROAl^WA'l', \LW 'I'ORK, \ V. 1 10) 7 HARDLEAD is maelc especially lor roofing purposes ansi must not be confounded with soft lead, it can be used for Hashings, eormee eo\er- ings, gutter linings, roofing and other building purposes where it is prac- tical to use sheet metal. It is rolled in sheets 24 ", to" and tb" wide and qp" long weighing iH. 3 , 4 , b and 8 pounds to the square foot. Notes on the Installation of Hoyt Hardlead It is not the purpose of these notes to establish standarsl methods of solving all the problems met with in sheet metal construction but to call attention to the more important principles that govern good in- stallation. The most important principle to he observed in the design and installation of sheet metal is the law of c.xpansion and contraction All metals subjected to \ arying ranges of temperature will c.xpand and contract and proper and sufficient allowance must be made for the movement of the metal. While there are scweral methods of success- fully installing sheet metal under identical conditions the law of expan- sion and contraction must be observed and applied to whatever method is used. Material WEIGHTS TO BE USED. The proper weight of 1 loyt Hardlead sheets depends upon the purpose for which they are to be used. Lor gutter linings, cornice coverings, base Hashings and roofing pur[x)scs generally , the three pound sheet is recommended and for cap Hashings and batten roofs where the battens are spaced eighteen inches or less on centers the two and one-half pound sheet may be used. SIZES TO BE USED. For cap Hashings and batten caps, the sheets can be used in eight foot lengths but for all other purposes the length of the sheets should be limited to four feet. CARE OF MATERIAL. In handling HO"i'T I lARIXLAD reasonable care- should be taken not to score or bruise the metal and the use of sharp edged tools and instruments should be avoideel. In bending the metal the brake or tongs shouLl he so adjusted as to accommodate the thickness of the metal anel the bend rounded to a radius at least equal to the thickness of the metal. In no case should the bends be sharp. Preparation of Surfaces The surfaces upon which the metal is to be applied should be firm and smooth. The contractor should be required to examine these surfaces and be held responsible for any damage to the material or defects in the work caused by its application to improperly prepared surfaces. WOOD SURFACES. Sheathing boards should be thoroughly nailed to every bearing and the nail heads should be set. All sharp corners and projections should be planed to a smooth surface. Wood battens should be firmlx secured in place and the exposed edges slightly rounded. CONCRETE S URFACES. Concrete, nalecode or similar material should be screeded to a smooth surface free from depressions or projections. SLEEPERS. Where the surface is of concrete, it is rccommcnJed that dove- tail wood sleepers he built into the concrete at the line of all horizontal seams. This will provide means for nailing the cleats and avoid the neces- sity of drilling the concrete for lead shields and screws. FELT. Sloping roofs, cornice tops and built-in gutters should be first lined with a good building felt weighing from thirty to forty pounds to the square. This precaution will take up slight inequalities in the surfaces and prevent possible puncturing of the metal. Fastening and Supporting While the metal should be firmly supported it should be so fastened in place that it can expand and contract without unduly straining the metal, the joints or the fastenings. NAILINQ. Fastening the metal by nailing directly through the sheet should never be permitted as the movement of the metal due to expansion and contraction will either pull out the nails or tear the metal around the nail heads. FASTENINQ AT THE SEAMS. The sheets should be fastened at all seams by means of cleats. These cleats should be made of ib-oz. soft rolled copper or 3-pound Hoyt Hardlead, fastened to woodwork with two hard copper wire nails and to masonry with brass screws and lead shields. The cleats should be spaced about eight inches on centers but on steep roofs continuous cleats for the horizontal joints are recommended. REQLETS. Where the edge of the metal is fastened by means of a rcglct there should he a continuous cleat of three-pound Hoyt Hardlead caulked into the reglet and the sheet should be locked to the reglet. Never caulk the sheet into the reglet. UNFASTENED FREE EDQES. Where the edge of the metal is unfastened, such as cap flashings and similar conditions where a lapped joint is pro- vided, the free edge of the metal should be hemmed about one-half inch. NAILS, SCREWS, ETC. All nails should be hard copper wire flat head nails not less than three-quarters of an inch long. All screws should be of brass and all shields of lead. Iron or steel nails and screws, coated or uncoated, should not be used. Joints The sheets should be joined together by means of locked scams. Lapped and soldered seams are not recommended. SEAMS. The seams should have a turnover of three-quarters ot an inch and there should be a clearance between the edge of one sheet and the bend in the other of one-eighth of an inch; the seams should be neatly locked but should not be hammered down tight. SOLDERINQ. The seams on roofs having a pitch of 3 inches or more to the foot and seams three inches or more above the overflow line of gutters do not require soldering but in built-in gutters and on any surface l'>elo\v the overflow line of the gutter, the seams should be soldered. In soldering HOYT HARDLEAD use guaranteed Fifty-hifty Solder and Rosin as a flux. Care should be taken not to heat the soldering iron to a temperature sufficient to burn the lead. BENDS. All bends should be made w ith an easy radius and all sharp angles avoided. Where the metal turns up on a wall, curve, batten, t)r other vertical or sloping surface, there should be a clearance for contraction and expansion between the bend in the metal and the surface u['K)n which it turns up of at least 3 times the thickness of the metal. VERTICAL SURFACES. Where the lead is extended up on a vertical surface more than eighteen inches high, horizontal seams not more than eighteen inches apart should he pro\ided and the sheets supported with cleats at the seams. Built-In Gutters The lining of so-called built-in gutters with metal is a problem that re- quires the most careful thought in both design and installation. .All kinds of metal have been used for this purpose but regardless of the metal used many failures have occurred. The bottoms of wide, flat gutters that require one or more longitudinal seams should not be lined with metal except under the most favoral''le conditions and then only by competent mechanics under the direction of an experienced sheet metal contractor. A great deal of trouble may be avoided by treating the bottoms of such gutters in the same manner as a flat roof, flashing the front and back with lead, waterproofing the bottom and covering the waterproofing with promenade tile. Methods of lining this type of gutter cannot be standardized to the extent of applying identical methods to all installations. The proper method to be employed depends upon the size and shape of the gutter and often on climatic conditions. There are, however, a few simple rules that should be observed in the design and installation of all built-in gutters. The gutter should be no deeper or wider than is necessary to provide proper drainage. There is nothing to be gained by excessive depth or width in a box gutter. A pitch of one-half inch or more to the foot is desirable and should be provided where possible. The best metal to use for this purpose is crimped 1 lOi 1 I l.ARDITt.Xn w'eighing not less than three pounds to the square foot. 1 he sheets run- ning parallel with the gutter should not be over four feet in length nor should they have a girth of more than twenty- four inches. Every possible precaution should be taken to provide for the movement of the metal due to expansion and contraction. Expansion joints should be provided at all high points. Metal forming the back of the gutter should be joined to the roofing or eaves flashing with a loose-locked seam at least three inches above the overflow line of the gutter and the metal forming the front of the gutter should be joined to a continuous cleat by means of a loose-locked seam. The metal should be fastened in place at the cross seams with cleats as previously mentioned. .All sharp angles should be avoided. Ornamental Lead Work STAMPED WORK. Where spandrels, panels, pilasters and other ornamental lead work is to be stamped, use HOA T H.ARDLE.AD stamping metal weighing not less than four pounds to the square loot. CAST WORK Where statuary and other ornamental lead work is to be cast, use HOYT HARDLEAD casting metal. 1 A FEW EXAMPLES OF Hoyt Hardlead Installations I'Ll It .1 TRIBUNE TOWER THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE Raymond M. Hood John Mead Howells Architects One of the twelve hundred spandrels used on this building. These spandrels were stamped in one piece of HOYT HARDLEAD. All flashings and pitched roof of three pound HOYT HARDLEAD. Sire 33 x38 Four pounds to the square toot I’ laic- li LEAD STATUARY INSTALLATION OF HOYT HARDLEAD PRODUCTS Residence of Robert Law, Port Chester, N. Y. Dwight James Baum, Architect, Riverdale, N. Y. HOYT HARDLEAD GUTTERS, GOOSENECK CONDUCTORS. BANDS, CAST LEAD HEADS Platt (. HOYT HARDLEAD ROOF UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Ann Arbor, Michigan York &. Sawyer, Architects New York, N. Y. •< i ¥ w ■ ''m f ' I 'r •• f . ^ «!■ f iii.’ It t 1l ■»•* . -W '■ Plule I) HOYT HARDLEAD DOME University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan York (Sc Sawyer, Architects New York,N.Y. Plate E SPIRE OF HOYT HARDLEAD First Presbyterian Church, Utica, N.Y. Cram & Ferguson, Architects Rushmer Jennison, Associate Architerts i Platt /• yCALE DtTA\Ly Yot /till OT WOYT V1mIT)LI^T) HOYT HARDLEAD SPIRE CHAPEL BUILDING ST. MARY’S-ON-THE-LAKE SEMINARY Mundelein, 111. J. W. McCarthy, Architect Chicago, 111. PLu( (, FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH ARDMORE, PENNSYLVANIA Thomas, Martin and Kirkpatrick, Architecrs Plate il Howard Henry and Foulke Dormitory PRINCETON UNIVERSITY Zantzinger Borie and Medary, Architerts A. Stirling Calder, Sculptor Hoyt Hardlead Cast Statuary r#