MASTER 
 NEGATIVE 
 
 NO. 94-82221- 11 
 
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT 
 
 The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) 
 governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted 
 materials including foreign works under certain conditions. In addition, 
 the United States extends protection to foreign works by means of 
 various International conventions, bilateral agreements, and 
 proclamations. 
 
 Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are 
 authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these 
 specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be 
 "used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research." 
 If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction 
 for purposes in excess of "fair use," that user may be liable for copyright 
 infringement. 
 
 The Columbia University Libraries reserve the right to refuse to accept a 
 copying order if, in its judgement, fulfillment of the order would involve 
 violation of the copyright law. 
 
Author: 
 
 Stevens, Don Lorenzo 
 
 Title: 
 
 A bibliography of 
 municipal utility... 
 
 Place: 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 Date: 
 
 1918 
 
MASTER NEGATIVE # 
 
 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 
 PRESERVATION 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET 
 
 ORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED - EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD 
 
 Business 
 
 D535.e 
 
 ASt4 
 
 Stevens, Don Lorenzo • 
 
 A bibliography of municipal utility regula- 
 tion and municipal ovmership. Cambridge, 
 Harvard university press, 1918. 
 
 3 p. 1., v-vlii, 410 p., 11. (Half-title: 
 Harvard business studies. vol» IV) 
 
 !• Public utilities - Bibl. 2» Municipal 
 franchises - Bibl. 3. Municipal ownership - 
 Bibl* (^ 
 
 RESTRICTIONS ON USE: 
 
 TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA 
 
 FILM SIZE: 3nrnm 
 
 REDUCTION RATIO: L2; 
 
 IMAGE PLACEMENT: lA (iIA) IB IIB 
 
 DATE FILMED: Q^p^ 
 TRACKING # A;^// OZWf? 
 
 INITIALS: 
 
 \A1.VJ 
 
 FILMED BY PRESERVATION RESOURCES, BETHLEHEM, PA. 
 
'^. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^^, 
 
 
 en 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 O > 
 
 |i 
 
 
 GO 
 
 cn 
 
 OOM 
 O 
 
 ^4t 
 
 4^ 
 
 CJI 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 > 
 
 o m 
 
 OQ 
 
 ^ o o 
 
 CO 
 
 < 
 
 N 
 
 X 
 
 M 
 
 o: 
 
 j^ 
 
 .a^ 
 
 'V; 
 
 
 'V^ 
 
 
 V^. '* 
 
 V^" 
 
 > 
 
 4^ 
 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 cn 
 
 O 
 
 
 rr 
 
 a 
 
 00 
 
 b 
 
 to 
 
 
 1.0 mm 
 
 1.5 mm 
 
 2.0 mm 
 
 ABCOtFGHIJKlMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 
 •bcde«|tiitt>lmnopqrstinniniy7l?34^7S90 
 
 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 
 abcclefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzl234567890 
 
 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 
 
 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 
 
 1234567890 
 
 2.5 mm 
 
 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 
 
 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 
 
 1234567890 
 
 ^ m^ 
 
 V 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 <^ 
 
 •?r 
 
 '■&> 
 
 ^O 
 
 Il> 
 
 i^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 
 ^o 
 
 k-J- 
 
 v> 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ip 
 
 fcP 
 
 f^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 m 
 
 H 
 O 
 
 > c u 
 I ^ ^ 
 
 0(/) 5 
 
 m 
 
 O 
 
 m 
 
 /:«•. 
 
 '' '•*■«•. 
 
 
 
 ■4^ 
 
 1— * 
 
 ro 
 
 CJI 
 
 o 
 
 = 
 
 3 
 
 ^ 
 
 3 
 
 
 ABC 
 
 cdef 
 
 
 dm 
 
 
 ?C5 
 
 FGH 
 jklm 
 
 3 I 
 
 UKLM 
 nopqr 
 
 UKLM 
 nopqr 
 
 az 
 
 7 
 
 PS* (/J 
 
 OPQR 
 uvwxy 
 
 [^c 
 
 IV* C/) 
 
 
 S?^ 
 
 a»x 
 
 u»^ 
 
 ODINI 
 1^ 
 
 
 o 
 
 c^x 
 
 00 IM 
 
 s 
 
 
SS3S.2 
 
 ^4S» 
 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 School of Business 
 
 Given by 
 
 Library of Dean McBain 
 
 X^^;^vo^<K>^<^ qC^ 
 
 ^v 
 
 M.^C^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 f>43 
 
 b6i«K)i of Business Library 
 C;«lm»Wui Uuivereity 
 
 JUL 1 1942 
 
 )*• 
 
 i> 
 
 iiti 
 
 
 li'L.' 
 
 Ml : 
 
 [I > t 
 
 • rJI| 
 
 n 
 

 HARVARD BUSINESS STUDIES 
 
 VOLUME IV 
 
HARVARD BUSINESS STUDIES 
 
 I. SCIRNTIFIC MaNAGBMBNT 
 
 Edited by C. 6. Thompson. $4.00 tut. 
 
 II. An Approach to Business Problems 
 By A. W. Shaw. $2.00 net. 
 
 III. Business Statistics 
 
 Edited by M. T. CopeUnd. $3.75 m/. 
 
 IV. Bibliography of Municipal Utility 
 Regulation and Municipal Ownership 
 By D. L. Stevens. $4.00 fuf. 
 
 HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U.S.A. 
 
 A Bibliography of 
 
 Municipal Utility Regulation 
 and Municipal Ownership 
 
 BY 
 
 DON LORENZO STEVENS, M.B.A, 
 
 nil CD' 
 
 « • 
 
 .€AMB}u3xj£;-; : / 
 
 HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 
 ' - OXTOBO UZOVCKSITY PAEbS' ' 
 
 * t 
 
 • * • 
 
Prom iiorary of 
 jj^a,ji McBain 
 Ma J >^9,1941 
 
 COPYRIGHT, 1 918 
 HARVASD UNIVESSTTY PRESS 
 
 I 
 
 
 i 
 
 ^i 
 
 ti 
 
 0: 
 o 
 
 Q. 
 
 CM 
 
 TO 
 
 MY FATHER 
 
 WHOSE INTEREST AND ENCOURAGEMENT 
 HAVE MADE THIS WORK POSSIBLE 
 
IHI« 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 An extensive bibliography intended primarily for the use of busi- 
 ness men may appear somewhat novel. Yet the recent great 
 increase in the number of special libraries is an indication of 
 the widespread need for ready access to business literature. In 
 the field of public utility regulation and municipal ownership the 
 amount of material is so vast that few can keep pace with it. To 
 provide a classified and critical index for the use of utility man- 
 agers, conmiissioners, lawyers and all others interested in public 
 utilities is the purpose of this work. 
 
 In making a choice of material to be included and the form of 
 presentation, the decision has been based upon the needs of the 
 busy man of affairs. That the expert and the general reader alike 
 may be served, all readily accessible books and signed articles, of 
 more than transitory interest, have been listed. Free use of an- 
 notations, together with a detailed subject classification, will 
 serve to guide the reader to the works best suited to his needs. 
 OflScial publications are included only if especially valuable, but 
 references to other sources of information are given in the list of 
 bibliographies. Works in other languages than English are 
 omitted. Electric, gas, water and traction utilities are covered, 
 and it is believed that little of value on the subjects treated has 
 been overlooked. Owing to the rapid changes in the methods of 
 regulation during the last decade, nearly all of the recent but only 
 the best of the earlier material is included. The work has been 
 brought down to January i, 191 7. 
 
 As no one person could pass expert judgment on so many sub- 
 jects, the critical annotations are intended to indicate relative 
 value only. Not all people will agree with the author^s comments 
 on the various works, but the annotations are only intended to 
 faciUtate a selection of material. The titie and annotations, to- 
 gether with the subject classification, indicate quite closely the 
 nature of each book and article. " Elementary " and " techni- 
 
f 
 
 VI 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 cal " are used in the ordinary sense. " Popular," however, indi- 
 cates that the article is elementary, rather wordy and of relatively 
 little interest. " Brief " refers both to actual length and to the 
 amount of information conveyed. Where the writer's conclusions 
 are of interest in determining the choice of material, these also are 
 briefly indicated. . 
 
 In the course of preparation of the author's forthcoming book 
 on The Regulation of Municipal Utilities^ a broad survey of the 
 published material on the subject was undertaken. The vast 
 amount, and the difficulty of selecting the best soon became 
 apparent. Public utility operators, conunissioners, librarians and 
 others with whom he came in contact, almost without exception, 
 expressed the need for a comprehensive guide to the literature and 
 urged him to undertake its compilation. As a consequence practi- 
 cally all of the author's free time during the past two years, to- 
 gether with the time of several assistants, has been devoted to the 
 work. The titles listed in this volume comprise less than one- 
 third of the material collected. The publishing of the remainder 
 for the sake of completeness was thought inadvisable, since all of 
 the better works have been included. In conclusion, let it be 
 stated that the author has personally read every work listed 
 herein, and that the annotations are based solely upon his judg- 
 ment. Despite the resulting inevitable defects, it is hoped that 
 the volume will prove of considerable assistance to all persons 
 studying the subjects of mimicipal utility regulation and municipal 
 ownership. 
 
 D. L. S. 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 Preface 
 
 I. General Works 
 
 Books, 3; Articles, 9; Bibliographies, 17. 
 
 PAGX 
 
 V 
 
 3-21 
 
 n. History of Utilities and of Regulation .... 22-126 
 
 United States and Foreign, 22; United States — General, 28; 
 Alabama, 47; California, 47; Colorado, 51; Connecticut, 51; 
 District of Columbia, 52; Florida, 52; Georgia, 52; Idaho, 53; 
 Illinois, ss; Indiana, 60; Iowa, 61; Kansas, 63; Kentucky, 63; 
 Louisiana, 63; Maryland, 64; Massachusetts, 65; Michigan, 71; 
 Minnesota, 74; Missouri, 76; Nebraska, 77; New Jersey, 78; 
 New York, 78; Ohio, 87; Oklahoma, 93; Oregon, 93; Pennsyl- 
 vania, 93; Rhode Island, 97; South Dakota, 97; Tennessee, 97; 
 Texas, 97; Vennont, 98; Virginia, 99; Washington, 99; West 
 Virgmia, loi; Wisconsin, loi; Austria, 109; Belgium, 109; Can- 
 ada, 109; France, 112; Germany, 113; Great Britain, 114; Italy, 
 125; Japan, 126; Spain, 126; Sweden, 126; Switzerland, 126. 
 
 127-146 
 
 in. Franchises 
 
 General Works, 127. 
 History: United States and Foreign, 132; United States — Gen- 
 eral, 132; California, 134; Colorado, 134; Illinois, 135; Indiana, 
 137; Iowa, 137; Massachusetts, 137; Michigan, 138; Minnesota, 
 138; Missouri, 139; New York, 139; Ohio, 141; Pennsylvania, 
 143; Wisconsm, 143; Canada, 144; FVance, 144. 
 Length of Term, 144. 
 
 IV. Public Service Commissions .... 147-10 c 
 
 General Works, 147. * * "*' ^^ 
 
 History: Commissions in General, 153; California, 158; Colo- 
 rado, 160; lUinois, 160; Indiana, 161; Iowa, 161; Massachu- 
 setts, 162; Mmnesota, 163; Missouri, 163; New Jersey, 16^; 
 New York 163; Ohio, 167; Oklahoma, 167; Pennsylvania, 167 
 Texas 168; Vermont, 168; Virginia, 168; Washington, 168 
 West Virginia, 168; Wisconsin, 169. ' 
 
 Sute vs. Local Regulation, 174. 
 Uniform Accounting, 178. 
 Service Regulation, 184. 
 Control of Capitalization, 189. 
 Judicial Review of Regulation: General works, 192; History, 194. 
 

 Vlil CONTENTS 
 
 V. Valuation 19^254 
 
 General Works: Books, 196; Articles, 201. 
 
 History: United States — General, 211; California, 313; Illinois, 
 
 212; Iowa, 212; Michigan, 212; Missouri, 213; Nebraska, 213; 
 
 New Jersey, 213; New York, 213; Ohio, 213; Oregon, 214; 
 
 Texas, 214; Washington, 214; Wisconsin, 814. 
 
 Theories and Methods, 215. 
 
 Inventories, 220. 
 
 Intangibles, 224. 
 
 Franchise Value, 231. 
 
 Land Value, 233. 
 
 Depreciation, 234. 
 
 Value for Condemnation and Purchase, 248. 
 
 Court and Commission Attitude, 249. 
 
 VI. Rates 255-299 
 
 History: United States and Foreign, 255; United States — Gen- 
 eral, 255; California, 258; Georgia, 259; Idaho, 259; Illinois, 
 259; Iowa, 260; Louisiana, 260; Maryland, 260; Massachusetts, 
 260; Michigan, 261; Minnesota, 262; Missouri, 262; New York, 
 262; Ohio, 263; Oregon, 263; Pennsylvania, 263; Texas, 264; 
 Vermont, 264; Washington, 264; Wisconsin, 264; Canada, 266; 
 France, 266; Germany, 266; Great Britain, 266; Italy, 267. 
 Rate Schedules: General Works, 267; Electric, 271; Gas, 284; 
 Traction, 286; Water, 290. 
 Rate of Return, 293. 
 The Sliding Scale, 297. 
 
 VII. Taxation 300-307 
 
 Vm. Holding Companies 308 
 
 DC. Municipal Ownership 309-378 
 
 General Works: Books, 309; Articles, 311. 
 In Favor, 319. 
 Opposed, 326. 
 
 History: United States and Foreign, 333; United States — Gen- 
 eral* 337; Alabama, 343; California, 343; Connecticut, 345; 
 Florida, 345; Georgia, 346; Idaho, 346; Illinois, 346; Indiana, 
 349; Iowa, 349; Kansas, 350; Kentucky, 350; Louisiana, 350; 
 Massachusetts, 351; Michigan, 352; Minnesota, 354; Missouri, 
 354; Nebraska, 354; New York, 355; Ohio, 356; Oklahoma, 358; 
 Oregon, 358; Pennsylvania, 358; South Dakota, 360; Tennessee, 
 360; Texas, 360; Vermont, 360; Virginia, 361; Washington, 361; 
 West Virginia, 362; Wisconsin, 362; Austria, 363; Belgium, 363; 
 Canada, 363; France, 365; Germany, 366; Great Britain, 367; 
 Italy, 377; Japan, 377; Sweden, 377; Switzerland, 377. 
 Regulation of Municipal Plants, 378. 
 
 Index 379-410 
 
 bibliography of municipal 
 
 utilities 
 
't 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL 
 
 UTILITIES 
 
 I. GENERAL WORKS 
 Books 
 
 American Academy of Political and Social Science. Control of 
 mimicipal public service corporations. Annals of the Ameri- 
 can Academy of Political and Social Science, xxxi, no. 3 (1908). 
 201 pp. 
 
 An excellent symposium on the utility problems in various American 
 cities. For list of articles see p. 29. 
 
 Electric railway transportation. Annals of the American 
 
 Academy of Political and Social Science, xxxvii, no. i (1907). 
 203 pp. 
 
 The urban transportation problem: a general discussion. B. J. Arnold. 
 The decreasing financial return upon urban street raUway properties. 
 
 Thomas Conway. 
 The depreciation problem. W. B. Jackson. 
 Methods of increasing the eflSciency of surface Imes in laree cities 
 
 Williston Fish. 
 
 The investigation of traffic possibilities of proposed subway lines. W. S. 
 Twining. 
 
 Possibilities of freight traffic on interurban lines. F. S. Cummins. 
 Express business on interurban lines. A. Eastman. 
 Economic factors in the selection of cars for urban service. S. M. 
 Curwen. 
 
 The relations of the electric railway company with its employees. C. D. 
 
 Emmons. 
 The strike problem upon electric railways. D. T. Pierce. 
 Educating the public to a proper appreciation of urban street railway 
 
 problems. A. W. Wamock. 
 
 The presentation of interurban problems to the public. A D B Van 
 
 Zandt. 
 Valuation of intangible street railway property. F. R. Ford. 
 The indeterminate permit as a satisfactory franchise. W. O. Morgan. 
 State supervision of electric railways in Wisconsin. B. H. Meyer. 
 The fruits of public regulation in New York. M. R. Maltbie. 
 Supervising engineers and street railway service. George Weston. 
 Industrial arbitration in Australia. P. S. Eldershaw. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 GENERAL WORKS 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 if 
 
 f! 
 
 r 
 •i 
 
 II 
 
 American Academy of Political and Social Science. Public 
 policies as to municipal utilities. Annals of the American 
 Academy of Political and Social Science, Ivii (1915). 357 pp. 
 
 Fundamental planks in a public utility program. D. F. Wilcox. 
 
 The regulation of municipal utilities. N. T. Guernsey. 
 
 Philadelphia's transit problem. A. M. Taylor. 
 
 Municipal lighting rates. Ray Palmer. 
 
 Interlocking directorates. L. D. Brandeis. 
 
 The regulation of public utilities. C. H. Harrison. 
 
 Some present day issues of public utility regulation. E. W. Bemis. 
 
 What certain cities have accomplished without state regulation. S. P. 
 
 Jones. 
 A constructive policy for public service corporations. Charles Day. 
 What regulation must accomplish if it is to be permanent. J. M. 
 
 Eshelman. 
 The advantages of state regulation. Halford Erickson. 
 The distribution of functions between local and state regulation. M. R. 
 
 Maltbie. 
 The case for home rule. C. E. Merriam. 
 State and local regulation in Pennsylvania. I. W. Stratton. 
 Municipal ownership. N. D. Baker. 
 Municipal ownership: the testimony of foreign experience. F. C. 
 
 Howe. 
 Pasadena's municipal light and power plant. C. W. Koiner. 
 South Norwalk's municipal electric works. A. E. Winchester. 
 The hydro-electric system in Toronto. H. C. Hocken. 
 Some hmitations and objections to municipal ownership. C. M. 
 
 Rosencrantz. 
 Municipal ownership and operation of water works. M. N. Baker. 
 Why I believe in municipal ownership. Robert Grosser. 
 The utilities bureau. Felix Frankfurter. 
 Holding companies and the public welfare. G. F. Mathewson. 
 Public advantages of holding companies. F. T. Homer. 
 The public welfare and the holding company. J. P. Goodrich. 
 
 Proceedings of the Conference of American mayors. 
 Excellent symposium; from the public's point of view. 
 
 State regulation of public utilities. Annals of the Ameri- 
 can Academy of Political and Social Science, liii (1914). 
 
 317 PP- 
 
 Commission regulation of public utilities: a survey of legislation. I. L. 
 
 Shariman. 
 The qualifications needed for public utility commissioners. W. D. 
 
 Kerr. 
 The pubhc service company law of Pennsylvania. G. W. M. Trinklc. 
 
 Some defects in the present Pennsylvania statute on public utilities. 
 
 C. E. Bown. 
 
 Methods of judicial review in relation to effectiveness in conmiission con- 
 trol. O. L. Pond. 
 Lower telephone rates for New York City. E. H. Outerbridge. 
 EflFects of state regulation upon the municipal ownership movement. 
 
 D. F. Wilcox. 
 
 EflPect of state regulation upon municipal home rule. J. A. Smith. 
 
 State vs, local regulation. S. P. Jones. 
 
 Public utility regulation by Los Angeles. C. K. Mohler. 
 
 Governmental regulation of accounting procedure. L. G. Powers. 
 
 Accounting in public service regulation. F. W. Stevens. 
 
 Effects of the indeterminate franchise under state regulation. W. J. 
 
 Norton. 
 Should the public utilities commission have power to control the issuance 
 
 of securities. J. M. Eshelman. 
 Texas stock and bond law. C. S. Potts. 
 Rate of return. J. E. Allison. 
 
 Capitalization of earnings of public service companies. Morris Schaflf. 
 Certain principles of valuation in rate cases. R. H. Whitten. 
 Depreciation. J. E. Allison. 
 
 Non-physical or going concern values. H. P. Gillette. 
 Recent tendencies in valuations for rate making purposes. Edwin Gruhl. 
 Electric lighting and power rates. Halford Erickson. 
 Elements to be considered in fixing water rates. G. W. Fuller. 
 Regulating the quality of public utility service. J. N. Cadby. 
 Service regulations for gas. R. H. Femald. 
 Some notes on the regulation of gas service. J. C. Dickerman. 
 Service regulations for electrical utilities. L. H. Harris. 
 Ten rules for service. P. A. Sinsheimer. 
 
 An excellent symposium on all phases of the problem. 
 
 Curtis, W. J. Local public utilities. Cambridge ? 1911. 29 + 
 21 pp. 
 
 Downey, E. H. Regulation of urban utilities in Iowa. Iowa 
 City, 191 2. 174 pp. 
 
 Iowa applied history series, i, no. 3. 
 
 Ch. i. The need of regulating urban utilities. 
 
 ii. The failure of local regulation. 
 
 iii. The appropriate organ of state regulation. 
 
 iv. Public service commissions in the United States. 
 
 V. Urban utility regulation in Iowa. 
 
 vi. Suggestions for effective utility regulation. 
 An excellent, thoroughly annotated study of the principles of regulation, 
 regulation in the United States and Iowa's experience. 
 
 I 
 
!) 
 
 l! 
 
 6 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 FooTE, A. R. Municipal public service industries. Chicago, 
 
 1899- 337 PP- 
 
 Part I. How should the franchise question be settled ? 
 II. Powers of municipalities. 
 ni. Cost of service to users and tax payers. 
 
 Holmes, F. L. Regulation of railroads and public utilities in 
 Wisconsin. New York, 1915. 375 pp. 
 
 Discusses the work of the Wisconsin commission only, but serves as a 
 very good elementary work on all phases of public utility regulation. 
 For list of chapters, see p. 104. 
 
 King, C. L. The regulation of municipal utilities. New York, 
 
 191 2. 404 pp. 
 
 Need for regulation. C. L. King. 
 
 Mimicipal ownership vs. adequate regulation. C. L. King. 
 
 The Minneapolis gas settlement: a typical struggle for a dty's rights. 
 
 S. P. Jones. 
 Franchise essentials. C. L. King. 
 The sliding scale method of regulation as applied to gas companies in 
 
 Massachusetts. E. N. Wrightington. 
 Is a rational basis possible for telephone rates ? D. C. Jackson. 
 A rapid transit policy for greater New York. M. R. Maltbie. 
 Elements of a constructive franchise policy. D. F. Wilcox. 
 Suggestions for a model street railway franchise. D. F. Wilcox and J. W. 
 
 S. Peters. 
 The need for public utility commissions. C. L. King. 
 The board of public utilities of Los Angeles. L. R. Works. 
 The utilities commission of Kansas City, Missouri. J. A. Harzfeld 
 The St. Louis public service commission. R. N. Baldwin. 
 State vs. municipal utility commissions. C. L. King. 
 Uniform accounting: its needs and results. E. K. Gruhl. 
 The public utilities commission of Massachusetts. J. B. Eastman. 
 The Wisconsin public utilities commission. B. H. Meyer. 
 The public utility law of New York. T. M. Osborne. 
 The New York public service commission for the second district. G. R. 
 
 Grant. 
 The work of the public service conmiission for the first district, New 
 
 York. R. H.Whitten. 
 A selected bibliography. C. L. King. 
 
 An excellent elementary textbook. Many of the chapters are revised 
 reprints from the Proc., National Conference for Good City Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 GENERAL WORKS 7 
 
 LiNDSLEY, Van Sinderen. Rate regulation of gas and electric 
 lighting. New York, 1906. 165 pp. 
 
 " The object of this little book is to set forth, as condsely as the scope 
 of the subject will permit, the legislative acts and decided cases in 
 the several states affecting the business of supplying gas and electric 
 light." 
 
 An excellent study. 
 
 McLaughlin, A. C, and Hart, A. B. Cyclopedia of American 
 government. New York, 1914. 3 vols. 
 
 Contains short, signed articles, each followed by references to authorities. 
 The best articles on mimicipal utility regulation are the following: 
 
 Commissions in American government. C. A. Beard, i, 350-354. 
 Financial aspects of corporation franchises. E. S. Mead, ii, 44. 
 Legal aspects of corporation franchises. D. R. Dewey, ii, 45-48. 
 Public regulation of gas lighting. C. L. King, ii, 71. 
 Holding companies. E. S. Mead, ii, 124. 
 Electric lighting. T. C. Martin, ii, 354-355. 
 Municipal ownership. M. R. Maltbie, ii, 486-487. 
 Public service commissions. M. R. Maltbie, iii, 108-110. 
 Public service corporations. M. R. Maltbie, iii, iia-112. 
 State railroad commissions. H. M. Bowman, iii, 134-135. 
 Electric raih-oads. T. C. Martin, iii, 138-140. 
 Problems of transit in cities. D. F. Wilcox, iii, 549-552. 
 Valuation of public utilities. R. H. Whitten, iii, 606. 
 
 Matthews, Nathan. Municipal charters: a discussion of the 
 essentials of a city charter with forms or models for adoption. 
 Cambridge, 19 14. 210 pp. 
 
 Ch. V. Relations with public service corporations. 
 
 xi. Administrative provisions: the management of water, gas and 
 similar municipal enterprises. 
 A good discussion of the provisions that should be included in a city 
 charter. 
 
 RoEMER, J. H. Some features of state regulation of public utili- 
 ties. Madison, 1909. 25 pp. 
 
 A very general article on regulation and the work of the Wisconsin com- 
 mission. 
 
 RowE, L. S. Problems of city government. New York, 1908. 
 358 pp. 
 Ch. x. The relation of the city to public utilities. 
 
 xi. The municipality and the gas supply as illustrated by the 
 experience of Philadelphia. 
 
8 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 xii. Fundamental principles involved in municipal ownership. 
 
 xiii. Municipal ownership and operation of street railways in Ger- 
 many. 
 
 xiv. Municipal ownership and operation: the value of foreign ex- 
 perience. 
 A very good elementary textbook, with references. 
 
 Sharfman, I. L. Railway regulation: an analysis of the under- 
 lying problems in railway economics from the standpoint of 
 government regulation. Chicago, 1915. 230 pp. 
 
 Ch. i. The extent and importance of railway transportation, 
 ii. The problem of regulation, 
 iii. American railway development, 
 iv. Railway competition. 
 V. The theory and practice of rate making, 
 vi. Regulation of railway rates, 
 vii. Railway discrimination, 
 viii. Regulation by the states, 
 ix. The conflict between state and federal authority. 
 X. Federal regulation. 
 An excellent elementary work, treating of raikoads only, but containing 
 chapters of interest for all public utilities. 
 
 Wyer, S. S. Regulation, valuation and depreciation of pubKc 
 utilities. Columbus, 1913. 313 pp. 
 
 Ch. i. The public and the public utility. 
 
 ii. Fundamental definitions. 
 
 iii. Economics of utility problems. 
 
 iv. Governmental power to regulate utilities. 
 
 V. Protection of utilities from adverse regulation. 
 
 vi. Requirements of regulation, 
 vii. Relief from oppressive regulation, 
 viii. Depreciation. 
 
 ix. Electrolysis as a form of depreciation. 
 X. Legal status of electrolysis. 
 
 xi. Valuation. 
 
 xii. Going value and going concern value of utilities, 
 xiii. Principles governing cost of utility service, 
 xiv. Engineering data pertaining to utility regulation, valuation and 
 depreciation problems. 
 
 XV. Reference data, 
 xvi. Selected bibliography. 
 An excellent and comprehensive work, composed mainly of classified 
 quotations from books, articles and cases on the subjects discussed. 
 Not very readable, but contains much of interest for both layman and 
 expert. 
 
 GENERAL WORKS 9 
 
 Y. M. C. A., New York, West Side Branch. Public utility eco- 
 nomics. New York, 1914. 195 pp. 
 
 Magnitude of the electric light, power and transportation business. 
 
 T. C. Martin. 
 The public, the investor and the holding company. F. T. Homer. 
 Municipal ownership of public utilities. Arthur Williams. 
 Progress of the science of lighting. E. P. Hyde. 
 Telephones at home and abroad. T. P. Sylvan. 
 Future of public utilities. T. N. McCarter. 
 Centralization of power supply. Samuel Insull. 
 Investments in public utilities and how held. W. H. Gardiner. 
 Future regulation of public utilities. W. D. Kerr. 
 Some legal aspects of regulation of public service corporations. C. F. 
 
 Mathewson. 
 
 Papers before the " Finance forum " of the association. A good, ele- 
 mentary symposium on various regulation problems. 
 
 Articles 
 
 Abell, H. C. Difficult problems which public utility commis- 
 sions are endeavoring to solve. Journal of Electricity, Power 
 and Gas, xxii, 81-84 (1909). 
 
 A very good, concise analysis of the elements of value, rate of return, 
 service standards and efficiency rewards. 
 
 American Gas Light Journal, xc, 1120-1122, 1164- 
 
 1165 (1909). 
 
 AiMERT, Harold. Public utility regulation from the standpoint 
 of the public and the engineer. Journal of the Western Society 
 of Engineers, xix, 516-522 (1914). 
 Discussion: pp. 532-540. 
 
 Baker, C. W. What shall we do with mxmicipal monopolies ? 
 {In Monopolies and the people. 3d edition. New York, 
 1899) 333-346. 
 A brief discussion of the need for regulation and the right to regulate. 
 
 Bauer, John. The control of return on public utility invest- 
 ments. Political Science Quarterly, xxxi, 260-288 (1916). 
 
 Purpose: " to point out the fundamental difficulties in present procedure 
 and to suggest how they may be reasonably overcome." Excellent. 
 
lO 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 I 
 
 Baum, F. G. The best control of public utilities. Trans., Ameri- 
 can Institute of Electrical Engineers, xxxiv, 145-167 (1915)- 
 
 The writer advocates class rates to avoid the appearance of discrimina- 
 tion, and a liberal rate of return to secure extensions. Includes charts 
 and formulae; non-technical. 
 
 Stone and Webster Public Service Journal, xvi, 100- 
 
 iio (1915)- 
 Abstract. 
 
 Bemis, E. W. Some present-day issues of public utility regula- 
 tion. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, Ivii, 62-71 (1915). 
 
 A popular discussion of commission regulation, from the public's point 
 of view. 
 
 Busby, L. A. Regulation of public utilities. Journal of the 
 
 Western Society of Engineers, xxi, 33-51 (1916). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 51-54. A very popular article, of interest chiefly for its 
 discussion of requirements for success in conunission regulation. 
 
 Aera, iv, 515-533 (1916). 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xlvi, 1081-1084 (1915). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Cahoon, J. B. State control of corporations. Municipal Affairs, 
 
 iv, 520-525 (1900). 
 
 A brief outline of the desirable form of regulation, interesting because of 
 advocating methods substantially the same as those now in use. 
 
 Crosby, O. T. Public policies and public utilities. Aera, i, 87-99 
 (1912). 
 On six possible relationships between the company and the public. 
 
 Day, Charles. A constructive policy for public service cor- 
 porations. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, Ivii, 83-93 (191 5). 
 Good outline of policies for utility management. Somewhat elementary. 
 
 Douglass, S. M. Regulation and the public. Progressive Age, 
 XXX, 783-786 (1912). 
 Popular and rather general. 
 
 GENERAL WORKS 
 
 II 
 
 DtJFFY, C. N. Electric utilities. Public Service, xii, 47-52, 89- 
 94 (1912). 
 A popular, general discussion of utility problems, with statistics. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xxxix, 103-105 (191 2). 
 
 The same, sUghtly condensed. 
 
 Erickson, Halford. The advantages of state regulation. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, Ivii, 123-162 (19 15). 
 Excellent general article on commission regulation and its problems. 
 
 The regulation of public utilities in Wisconsin. Journal of 
 
 the Western Society of Engineers, xviii, 398-422 (1913). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 423-440. A good elementary paper on conmiission 
 regulation in the form of a description of the work of the Wisconsin 
 commission. 
 
 Public Service, xiv, 135-138, 179-181 (1913). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 ■ Regulation of utilities by commission. Railway Age 
 
 Gazette, Uv, 755-759 (1913)- 
 Abstract. 
 
 EsHLEMAN, J. M. Regulation fundamentals. Public Service 
 Regulation, ii, 684-685 (1913). 
 
 Elementary. 
 
 What regulation must accomplish if it is to be permanent. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, Ivii, 94-110 (1915). 
 Excellent general discussion. 
 
 FooTE, A. R. Municipal ownership problem solved. Moody's 
 Magazine, iii, 720-726 (1907). 
 
 Popular discussion of regulation, which is stated to be the solution of the 
 municipal ownership problem. 
 
 Forrest, J. D. A new plan for the control of quasi-public works. 
 American Journal of Sociology, iii, 837-847 (1898). 
 
 Discussion of the plan of A. F. Potts for a gas trust managed in the 
 interest of the public. Reviews the history of its application in 
 Indianapolis. 
 
: (I 
 
 12 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Galloway, J. D. Is utility regulation on the right basis? 
 Engineering Record, Ixxiv, 561-563 (1916). 
 Favors competition instead of regulated monopoly. 
 
 Gandolfo, J. H. The valuation of public utility property. 
 Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, bodx, 842-878 
 
 (1915)- 
 
 Discussion: pp. 879-918. Considers the historical development of the 
 
 utility business and of the right to regulate. 
 
 Graham, D. A. The application of theories of public regulation 
 to the management of utilities. Journal of the American 
 Waterworks Association, ii, 324-343 (1915)- 
 Good; elementary. 
 
 Gray, J. H. Public service commissions. Proc, American 
 Political Science Association, iv, 324-335 (1907)- 
 A discussion of papers by W. H. Hatton and T. M. Osborne. 
 
 Harrison, C. H. The regulation of public utilities. Annals of 
 the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Ivii, 
 
 54-61 (191 5). 
 
 Elementary discussion, including the need for regulation, the advantages 
 of local regulation and of municipal ownership. 
 
 Hatton, W. H. Public service commissions. Proc, American 
 Political Science Association, iv, 305-315 (1907)- 
 Discussion: pp. 324-335- A good, brief statement of some of the 
 fundamental principles of public utility regulation. 
 
 Publications, American Economic Assodarion, 3d 
 
 series, ix, 263-278 (1908). 
 Discussion: pp. 279-309. 
 
 Jackson, D. C. Equitable rate making by public service com- 
 panies. Technology Quarterly, xxi, 338-359 (1908)- 
 A good discussion of general principles underiying regulation for rate 
 making purposes. 
 
 Stone and Webster Public Service Journal, v, 104-126 
 
 (1909). 
 Reprint. 
 Equitable rates for public service. Public Service, vii, 145- 
 
 GENERAL WORKS 
 
 13 
 
 149, 189-192 (1909)- 
 Reprint. 
 
 Johnson, E. R. Public regulation of street railway transporta- 
 tion. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xxix, 275-291 (1907). 
 
 Gives a brief r6sum6 of the regulation in various countries, states and 
 cities. The discussion includes general conclusions for the United 
 States. 
 
 Kealy, p. J. Municipal cooperation in public utility manage- 
 ment. Trans., American Institute of Electrical Engineers, 
 xxxiv, 2533-2544 (1915). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 2545-2548. A general historical accoimt of the various 
 methods used in dealing with public utilities and of public attitude. 
 
 Kerr, W. D. Future regulation of public utilities. (In 
 Y. M. C. A., New York, West Side Branch. Public utiUty 
 economics. New York, 1914.) 141-161. 
 An elementary discussion of regulation problems and methods. 
 
 KiERSTED, Wynkoop. Influence of state regulation upon 
 economy and efl&ciency in the operation of waterworks prop- 
 erties. Engineering and Contracting, xli, 239-241 (1914). 
 
 King, C. L. The need for public utility commissions. (In The 
 regulation of municipal utilities. New York, 191 2.) 185- 
 207. 
 
 A good elementary discussion of the various possible methods of public 
 utility regulation, the conclusion being in favor of conmiissions. 
 
 The need for regulation. (In The regulation of municipal 
 
 utilities. New York, 191 2.) 3-22. 
 Good; elementary. 
 
 Public regulation of gas lighting. (In McLaughlin, A. C, 
 
 and Hart, A. B. Cyclopedia of American government. New 
 York, 1914.) ii, 71. 
 
 Knowles, Morris. State regulation of public utilities. Journal 
 
 of the New England Waterworks Association, xxvi, 272-283 
 
 (1912). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 283-286. A good elementary discussion of the general 
 principles of regulation. 
 
 Lewis, C. T. How should public service corporations be con- 
 trolled ? Municipal Affairs, vi, 738-748 (1903). 
 General and elementary. 
 

 H 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. Public service corporations. (In McLaughlin, 
 A. C, and Hart, A. B. Cyclopedia of American government. 
 New York, 1914.) iii, i lo-i 12. 
 
 Martin, T. C. Electric lighting. (In McLaughlin, A. C, and 
 Hart, A. B. Cyclopedia of American government. New 
 York, 1914.) ii, 354-355- 
 
 Mathewson, C. F. Some legal aspects of regulation of public 
 service corporations. (In Y. M. C. A., New York, West Side 
 Branch. Public utility economics. New York, 1914.) 163- 
 
 195- 
 
 A good but very popular discussion of legal problems of regulation, in- 
 cluding the right to regulate and valuation. 
 
 Meyer, B. H. Central utilities commissions and home rule. 
 American Political Science Review, v, 374-393 (191 1). 
 Includes a good popular discussion of the general principles of regulation. 
 
 Miller, A. S. Public service commissions. Proc., American 
 
 Gas Institute, vii, 713-720 (191 2). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 720-730. Elementary; on the relations of public utili- 
 ties and the pubUc, and regulation in general. 
 
 Montgomery, H. E. Government ownership unnecessary. 
 
 Moody's Magazine, iv, 143-145 (1907). 
 
 Outlines of a suggested plan for regulating all public service corpora- 
 tions through state corporation departments and a graduated tax on 
 net profits. 
 
 Mortimer, J. D. Is regulation by conmiission a permanent 
 part of our economic scheme ? Electric Railway Journal, 
 xliii, 21-22 (1914). 
 
 Nash, L. R. Commission regulation of business with particular 
 reference to public utilities. Stone and Webster Public Ser- 
 vice Journal, xvi, 11-26 (191 5). 
 A rather general and elementary discussion of regulation. 
 
 Norman, O. E. Factors involved in establishing service, charge 
 and rate of return of public utilities. American Gas Light 
 Joximal, cii, 263, 267-269 (1915). 
 Abstract. Very general; elementary. 
 
 ! 
 
 I : 
 
 GENERAL WORKS 
 
 IS 
 
 Parsons, Frank. The legal aspects of monopoly. (In Bemis, 
 E. W. Municipal monopolies. 4th edition. New York, 
 1904.) 425-501- 
 
 A good, annotated discussion of the right of cities to engage in business, 
 to compete with private plants, to take property by condemnation, to 
 prevent the use of injurious business methods, and to regulate rates 
 and service. 
 
 Pollock, H. M., and Morgan, W. S. The control of municipal 
 
 public service corporations. (In Modern cities. New York, 
 
 1913.) 225-249. 
 
 A popular discussion of corruption due to public utilities and of the 
 various methods of regulation. 
 
 RoEMER, J. H. Commission control of public utilities. Electri- 
 cal World, bdi, 531-533 (1913)- 
 A good elementary article on regulation in general. 
 
 Regulation of public utilities. Public Service, vii, 149-152 
 
 (1909). 
 
 Public Service Regulation, i, 511-516 (1912). 
 
 A good elementary account of commission regulation. 
 
 ROWE, L. S. The relation of the city to public utilities. (In 
 Problems of dty government. New York, 1908.) 208-240. 
 A good elementary discussion, including an historical comparison of 
 municipal and private plants, and tables of statistics. 
 
 RoYCE, F. P. The business of local public service companies and 
 their relations to the public. Stone and Webster Public Ser- 
 vice Journal, vii, 16-29 (1910). 
 
 A good elementary article on regulation in general and its historical 
 development. 
 
 • Public Service, ix, 43-44 (1910). 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 Commission control of public service corporations. Journal 
 
 of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxv, 54-57 (1910). 
 
 For a longer abstract of the same paper, see his " The business of local 
 pubhc service companies and their relations to the public." 
 
 Present day regulation. Stone and Webster Public Service 
 
 Journal, xii, 236-243 (1913). 
 
 A brief and elementary article on regulation in general and its historical 
 development. 
 
i6 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Sharfman, I. L. The problem of regulation. {In Railway regu- 
 lation. Chicago, 191 5.) 10-28. 
 
 An elementary account of the basis — legal, economic and historical — 
 of utility regulation. 
 
 SiNSHEiMER, P. A. Ten rules for service: principles applied by 
 the railroad conmiission of California to the regulation of 
 public utility service. Annals of the American Academy of 
 Political and Social Science, liii, 292-306 (1914). 
 A good elementary summary of the principles underiying satbfactory 
 regulation. 
 
 Speirs, F. W. Regulation of cost and quality of service as illus- 
 trated by street railway companies. Annals of the American 
 Academy of Political and Social Science, 1900: supplement, 
 63-76. 
 
 Brief and very general discussion of traction franchises and their pro- 
 visions, and of commission control. 
 
 Taussig, F. W. Public ownership and public control. {In 
 Principles of Economics. New York, 1913.) 397-418. 
 
 Elementary; very good. 
 
 Wagner, H. A. Public service and the consiuner. Electrical 
 World, Ixviii, 7-9 (1916). 
 
 Whitfield, J. B. Public utility corporations in general. Ameri- 
 can Law Review, xli, 870-891 (1907). 
 
 A very good, non-technical summary of the rights, duties and privileges 
 of public utility corporations. 
 
 Rights and duties of public service corporations. Yale Law 
 
 Journal, xxii, 39-47 (1912). 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Fundamental planks in a public utility program. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, Ivii, 8-19 (191 5). 
 
 Excellent general discussion. Maintains that the public should guaran- 
 tee the investment; that public utilities should not be sources of 
 municipal profit; and that preparation should be made for ultimate 
 ownership. 
 
 American City, xi, 480-485 (1914). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 I 
 
 1^ 
 
 GENERAL WORKS 
 
 17 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Problems of transit in cities. {In McLaughlin, 
 A, C, and Hart, A. B. Cyclopedia of American govern- 
 ment. New York, 1914.) iii, 549-552. 
 
 Willis, H. E. The proper relation between public callings and 
 the state: governmental regulation and how it can be ac- 
 complished. Proc, Minnesota Academy of Social Science, 
 V, 165-179(1911). 
 
 A general discussion of whether laissez-faire, enforced competition or 
 governmental regulation is desirable for " trusts " and public service 
 companies. 
 
 Wyer, S. S. Governmental power to regulate. {In Regulation, 
 
 valuation, and depreciation of public utilities. Columbus, 
 
 1913.) 67-77. 
 
 Composed largely of classified quotations from books, articles and 
 cases. 
 
 Rate regulation of electric power. Cassier's Magazine, 
 
 XXXV, 402-415 (1909). 
 
 A digest of the Columbus railway and light company case. Interesting 
 as a general discussion of valuation and rate regulation. 
 
 Wyman, Bruce. State control of public utilities. Harvard Law 
 Review, xxiv, 624-634 (191 1). 
 
 " In large part the preface to Wyman on public service corporations." 
 An excellent article on the history of regulation, the right to regulate 
 and the duties and privileges of public service corporations. 
 
 Bibliographies 
 
 American Society of Civil Engineers. Bibliography on valuation 
 of public utilities. New York, 191 5. 133 pp. 
 
 Part I. Reprinted from Trans., American society of civil engineers 
 kxvi, 2133-2193 (1913). Brought up to July 16, 1913. 
 II. Prepared for the American electric railway association. Sup- 
 plementary and brought up to December 23, 191 5. 
 
 BowKER, R. R. State publications: a provisional list of the 
 official publications of the several states of the United States 
 from their organization. New York, 1899-1908. 1031 pp. 
 
 Brooklyn Public Library. Books on municipal ownership. 
 Brooklyn, 1906. 27 pp. 
 
 ■ w. 
 
i8 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPBY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 GENERAL WORKS 
 
 19 
 
 l| 
 
 m 
 
 Bureau of Railway Economics. List of references on valuation 
 of railways. Washington, 191 6. 130 pp. 
 
 Railway economics: a collective catalogue of books in four- 
 teen American libraries. Chicago, 191 2. 446 pp. 
 An excellent classified catalogue of works pertaining to railroads. 
 
 CoNAT, M. L. A list of periodical publications relating to mu- 
 nicipal affairs. Special Libraries, vi, 129-139 (1915). 
 
 Detroit Public Library. Municipal affairs: books and articles in 
 the Detroit public library. Detroit, 1902. 44 pp. 
 
 DoHERTY, H. L. Rates. Proc, National Conmiercial Gas Asso- 
 ciation, I 910: 297-318. 
 Bibliography of gas and electric rates : pp. 308-3 1 8. 
 
 Engineering Index, New York, vol. i, 1 884-1 89 i-vol. iv, 1901- 
 1905; continued as the Engineering Index Annual. 
 
 Engineering Index Annual, New York, vol. i, 1906; annual. 
 Compiled from the Engineering Index published monthly in the Engi- 
 neering Magazine. 
 A descriptive list of current engineering literature, classified by subjects. 
 
 Foster, H. A. Engineering valuation of public utilities and fac- 
 tories. New York, 191 2. 345 PP- 
 Bibliography: pp. 330-332. 
 
 Gates, A. J. Catalogue of technical periodicals: libraries in the 
 city of New York and vicinity. New York, 191 5. no pp. 
 "Library of the Engineering societies, Bibliographical contributions 
 
 no. I 
 
 >> 
 
 Hasse, a. R. Index of economic material in documents of the 
 states of the United States: prepared for the Department of 
 economics and sociology of the Carnegie institution of Wash- 
 ington. Washington, 1907-. 
 A voliune is being issued for each state. Twelve volumes are now ready. 
 
 Industrial Arts Index, New York, 1913-; monthly, with annual 
 
 cimiulations. 
 
 A subject index to a selected list of engineering and trade periodicals. 
 
 Metcalf, Leonard. Waterworks valuation and fair rates in the 
 
 light of the Maine supreme court decisions in the Waterville 
 
 and Bnmswick cases. Trans., American Society of Civil 
 
 Engineers, Ixiv, 1-74 (1909). 
 
 Bibliography of waterworks valuation: pp. 69-73. 
 
 Mimicipal Engineering. Arguments on municipal ownership. 
 Municipal Engineering, xxxiv, 163-165 (1908). 
 Bibliography of articles appearing in Municipal Engineering. 
 
 Municipal Index, New York, 1913-; annual. 
 
 Reprinted from second issues each month of Municipal Journal; cumu- 
 lative. 
 
 MuNRO, W. B. A bibliography of municipal government in the 
 United States. Cambridge, 191 5. 472 pp. 
 
 Publications of the Bureau for research in municipal government, no. 2. 
 Public utilities: pp. 163-227. 
 
 National Association of Railway Commissioners. Select list of 
 references on the valuation of public service corporations: 
 compiled by Mary M. Rosemond. Washington ? 191 2 ? 
 
 25 pp. 
 
 National Municipal Review, Philadelphia, vol. i, 191 2-; monthly. 
 Includes a section on bibliography in each issue. 
 
 New York Public Library. Municipal reference library notes. 
 New York, vol. i, 1914-; weekly. 
 Includes references to public utilities. 
 
 Public Affairs Information Service. Bulletin. New York, 1915-; 
 
 annual. 
 
 An excellent classified index to books, periodical literature and official 
 documents. 
 
 Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature, New York, 1900-; 
 monthly, with quarterly, annual and five year cumulations. 
 Author and subject index to a selected list of periodicals. 
 
 Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature Supplement, New York, 
 
 1907-; issued five times a year, with annual and five year 
 
 cumulations. 
 
 Author and subject index to a selected list of periodicak not included 
 in the Readers' Guide. 
 
 Reynoo-ds, J. B. Civic bibliography for greater New York. New 
 York, 191 1. 296 pp. 
 
 Special Libraries, Indianapolis, vol. i, 1910-; monthly. 
 
 Includes frequent lists of references on public utilities. See vol. i, 2-4, 
 22-23, 36-38, 69-71 (1910); ii, 23-28, 61-63, 118-121 (1911); iii, 20- 
 22, 133-138, 184-186 (191 2); iv, 39-42, 184-188 (1913); v, 32-35 
 (1914); vi, 16-18, 84-86 (1915); vii, 21-28 (1916). 
 
20 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Stone and Webster Library. Current literature references: on 
 public utilities, etc. : construction, operation, finance. Boston, 
 1907, 1908. 
 
 U. S. Library of Congress. List of bibliographies on the regula- 
 tion of public utilities. Washington, 1916. 4 pp. typewritten. 
 
 A list of books with references to periodicals relating to 
 
 railroads in their relation to the government and the public: 
 
 compiled under the direction of A. P. C. Griffin. Washington, 
 
 1904. 2d edition, 1907. 131 pp. 
 
 Second edition includes a select list of recent works relating to govern- 
 ment regulation and government ownership of railroads. 
 
 List of recent references on public service rates: with 
 
 special reference to regulation (cabs, electricity, gas, street 
 railways, telephone, water). Washington, 191 5. Typewritten. 
 
 Printed also in Special Libraries, vii, 21-28 (1916). 
 
 List of references on municipal ownership of gas and elec- 
 tric lighting plants. Washington, 191 5. 8 pp. typewritten. 
 
 Monthly list of state publications. Washington, 1910-. 
 
 Select list of books on miuiicipal affairs: with special 
 
 reference to mimicipal ownership, with appendix: select list 
 of state docimients; compiled under the direction of A. P. C. 
 Griffin. Washington, 1906. 34 pp. 
 
 Select list of books on railroads in foreign countries: gov- 
 ernment regulation. Compiled imder the direction of A. P. C. 
 Griffin. Washington, 1905. 72 pp. 
 
 Select list of references on municipal franchises (supple- 
 menting printed Hst on municipal affairs, 1906). Washington, 
 191 2. Typewritten. 
 
 Select list of references on mimicipal ownership and opera- 
 tion of street railways (supplementing the printed list on 
 municipal affairs, 1906). Washington, 191 2. 7 pp. type- 
 written. 
 
 Select list of references on public service commissions. 
 
 Washington? Typewritten. 
 
 GENERAL WORKS 
 
 21 
 
 U. S. Library of Congress. Select list of references on public 
 service rates in the United States and foreign coimtries (cabs, 
 electricity, gas, street railways, telephones, water). Washing- 
 ton, 191 1. 7 pp. typewritten. 
 Printed also in Special Libraries, ii, 1 18-1 21 (191 1). 
 
 Select list of references on the valuation and capitalization 
 
 of railroads: compiled under the direction of H. H. B. Meyer. 
 Washington, 1909. 28 pp. 
 
 Select list of references on the valuation and capitalization 
 
 of railroads (supplementary to the printed list). Washington, 
 1910. 17 pp. typewritten. 
 
 Whitten, R. H. Bibliography of valuation and depreciation. 
 (In Valuation of public service corporations. New York, 
 1912.) 721-745- 
 
HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OP REGULATION 
 
 23 
 
 «^ 
 
 I 
 
 II HISTORY OF UTILITIES AND OF 
 
 REGULATION 
 
 United States and Foreign 
 
 Adams, A. D. Gas versus electricity. Electrical Worid and 
 Engineer, xxxviii, 676-678 (1901). 
 
 Discussion of the relative amounts of business done by gas and electric 
 ^^il Massachusetts used for Ulustration; includes tables and 
 
 a chart. 
 Agar J. G. Shall American cities municipalize ? Value of 
 foreign experience as a guide. Municipal Affairs, iv, 13-23 
 
 (1900). 
 
 A popular description of municipal ownership in England and Germa^. 
 
 ^d a comparison with American conditions. Opposes mumapal 
 
 ownership in America for the present. 
 Baker N. D. Municipal ownership. Annals of the Americaji 
 Academy of PoUtical and Social Science, Ivii, 188-193 (iQiS)- 
 States that municipal ownership in Europe was ""^ertaken primarily to 
 
 leLn taxation; in the United States because of abuses by the com- 
 
 ponies. 
 
 Bassett, E. M. Rapid transporUtion in the world's great cities. 
 Public Service, x, 175-178 (i9")- 
 
 Beale, T. H., and Wyman, Bruce. Railroad rate regulation: 
 with special reference to the powers of the Interstate com- 
 merce commission under the acts to regulate commerce. 
 New York, 1906. 2d edition, 1915. 12 10 pp. 
 Ch. i. Historical introduction. 
 
 An eiS: STnS::! review of pubUc utiUty regulation from 
 the earliest times. 
 
 Bemis, E. W. Gas. {In Municipal monopoUes. 4th edition. 
 
 New York, 1904.) 587-628. 
 
 An historical sketch of private and municipal ownership m vanous 
 cities of the United States and Great Bntam. 
 
 Bemis, E. W. Street railways. (In Municipal monopolies. 
 4th edition. New York, 1904.) 505-583. 
 
 An extensive historical study. Treats of the history of private traction 
 companies in the United States (pp. 505-565), and of municipal lines 
 in America (pp. 565-569) and in Great Britain (pp. 569-583). Ar- 
 ranged by cities. 
 
 Bercovitz, D. Continental systems of charging for current by 
 
 contract. Electrician, Ixix, 730-732 (191 2). 
 Abstract . A brief but interesting analysis. 
 
 Blood, W. H., Jr. Improvements in central station service. 
 Public Service, x, 173-174 (191 1). 
 The gain in twenty years' development of the electrical industry. 
 
 BowKER, R. R. Public control, ownership or operation of mu- 
 nicipal franchises ? With especial reference to electric light- 
 ing. Municipal Affairs, i, 605-630 (1897). 
 Opposes municipal ownership because of corruption and socialism. 
 
 Includes a discussion of the results of municipal ownership in various 
 
 cities, United States and foreign. 
 
 Clark, W. J. Public utilities here and abroad. Aera, iii, 451- 
 
 464 (1914). 
 
 A general survey of utility development, with tables of statistics. 
 
 Commons, J. R. Labor and mimicipal politics. (In Labor and 
 administration. New York, 1913.) 158-194. 
 
 A reprint of his " Labor and politics." 
 
 Labor and politics. (In National Civic Federation. Mu- 
 nicipal and private operation of public utilities. New York, 
 1907.) Pt. I, vol. i, 88-112. 
 
 On the eflfect of municipal ownership on labor conditions and politics 
 
 in Great Britain and the United States. 
 See also J. W. SuUivan, " The labor report." 
 
 Curtis, C. E. Street railways and their relation to the public. 
 
 Yale Review, vi, 17-36 (1897). 
 
 A very good, early review of comparative franchise and municipal 
 ownership history in the United States, Canada and Great Britain. 
 
 Fairlie, J. A. Essays in municipal administration. New York, 
 
 1908. 374 pp. 
 
 Ch. viii. Recent legislation on municipal functions in the United States, 
 xi. Municipal electric lighting in Detroit. 
 
 •a 
 
24 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Ch. xii. The street railway question in Chicago. 
 
 xiii. Some considerations on municipal ownership of public utilities. 
 XV. Municipal activities in Great Britain, 
 xvi. Municipal conditions in some European cities, 
 xvii. Municipal government in Vienna, 
 xviii. Municipal government in Italy. 
 Includes historical discussion of the utilities in various cities of Europe 
 and America. 
 
 Fairlie, J. A. Municipal improvements. (In Municipal ad- 
 ministration. New York, 1901.) 225-313. 
 
 Waterworks, public lighting and urban transportation, 270-300. 
 
 Municipal ownership, 310-313. 
 A very general and elementary historical treatment. 
 
 Francisco, M. J. Municipal ownership vs. private corporations: 
 with legal and editorial opinions, tables and cost of lights as 
 furnished by private companies and municipal plants, with 
 list of municipal plants that have been sold or abandoned. 
 Containing also a comparison of English and American gas 
 and railway plants. Rutland, 1898. 150 pp. 
 
 GooDNOW, F. J. Powers of municipalities respecting public 
 works. Publications, American Economic Association, ii, 
 563-581 (1888). 
 
 In The relation of modem municipalities to quasi-public works. On 
 the methods of control of public utilities in use in the United States 
 and foreign countries. 
 
 Gordon, F. G. R. Street railways of Boston vs. the tramways 
 of Glasgow. Concerning Municipal Ownership, viii, 201-204 
 
 (1915)- 
 
 The writer opposes municipalization. 
 
 Hatch, J. N. The development of the electric railway. Journal 
 of the Western Society of Engineers, xiii, 488-504 (1908). 
 Discussion: pp. 504-513. An illustrated historical sketch. 
 
 Howe, F. C. Municipal ownership in Europe. {In The modern 
 city and its problems. New York, 191 5.) 176-193. 
 
 Mimicipal ownership: the testimony of foreign experience. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, Ivii, 194-208 (191 5). 
 
 Discusses municipal ownership in Great Britain and Germany especially. 
 Favors municipal ownership here. 
 
 f 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 
 
 25 
 
 Howe, F. C. Municipal ownership: the testimony of foreign 
 experience. {In National Civic Federation. Shall the govern- 
 ment own and operate the railroads, etc. Affirmative side. 
 New York, 1915.) 31-48. 
 
 HuGGiNS, W. L. State regulation of public utilities. Public 
 
 Service, xiv, 175-176 (1913). 
 
 States that commission regulation is " only a return to common law 
 methods." 
 
 James, E. J. The relation of the modem municipality to the gas 
 
 supply. Publications, American Economic Association, i, 
 
 54-122 (1886). 
 
 A thorough, but early study of the gas industry in various countries, and 
 its municipalization. 
 
 Johnson, E. R. Public regulation of street railway transporta- 
 tion. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, xxix, 275-291 (1907). 
 
 Gives a brief r6sum6 of the regulation in various countries, states and 
 cities. The discussion includes general conclusions for the United 
 States. 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. Mimicipal fimctions: a study of the develop- 
 ment, scope and tendency of municipal socialism. Mimicipal 
 Affairs, ii, 581-799 (1898). 
 
 Industrial functions: pp. 710-758. 
 
 Causes of increased municipal activity: pp. 759-777. 
 
 Future city functions: pp. 778-787. 
 
 A good popular study. 
 
 Report on the indeterminate franchise for public utilities. 
 
 New York, 1908. 34 pp. 
 
 Report submitted to the New York public service commission for the 
 first district. 
 
 An excellent summary of the arguments for and against perpetual, term 
 and indeterminate franchises. Includes a discussion of the experience 
 with the indeterminate permit of Massachusetts, Wisconsin, Chicago, 
 Washington, D. C, Porto Rico, Philippines and New York City. 
 
 Martin, John. Business thrift in American and European cities, 
 especially with respect to franchises. Proc, National Con- 
 ference for Good City Government, 1905 : 154-169. 
 
 A popular discussion of municipal ownership experience in various 
 places, the writer favoring municipalization. 
 
26 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Osborne, R. S. PubKc service: its legal history. PubUc Ser- 
 vice, XV, 123-124(1913). 
 
 States that regulation of utilities was part of old common law. 
 
 Porter, R. P. European and American methods and results 
 compared. Municipal Affairs, vi, 539-578 (1902). 
 
 ^^^ctL^^^f^"^ discussion and comparison of municipal ownership 
 m Grea Bntam and private ownership in the United States- with 
 tables of data. The writer strongly advocates private owneiSip. 
 
 Municipal trading. Engineering, bmv, 390-394 (1902). 
 
 ^^^l^^riy.'^''^? rf'^^'^J^'''''^'' ^^^ comparison of municipal 
 ownership m the United States and Great Britain. 
 
 Municipal trading: European and American methods and 
 results compared - the views of an advocate of private 
 ownership of all pubHc utilities. Municipal Journal and 
 Engineer, xiv, 222-224, 269-273; xv, 4-^8 (1903). 
 
 RoBBiNs, Hayes. Public ownership versus public control 
 American Journal of Sociology, x, 787-813 (1905). 
 
 ^ n^'cf ^""^ comparison of the results m Great Britain and the 
 Umted States. The street raUway systems of Glasgow and Boston 
 
 r^a^n "' '"^^ " '^'^'' ^^^^" ^"^^^^ ownerslSp u^d^ 
 
 Robinson, Clifton. Tramways of the world. Tramway and 
 Railway World, xxiv, 107-112 (1908). 
 A brief review of tramway history and existing conditions. 
 
 RowE, L. S. The relation of the city to pubUc utilities. (In 
 Problems of city government. New York, 1908.) 208-240. 
 A good elementary discussion, including an historical comparison of 
 mumapal and private plants (pp. 218-231), and tables of statist^. 
 
 Speague,F.J. Growth of electric railways. Proc., American 
 Electnc Railway Association, 1916: 273-317. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 317-326. A very interesting illustrated account of the 
 development of the industry. «^uiu 01 me 
 
 Sullivan, J. W. The labor report, (/n National Civic Federa- 
 tion. Mumcipal and private operation of pubUc utilities 
 New York, 1907.) Pt. I, vol. i, 60-87. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 27 
 
 On the effect of municipal ownership on labor conditions and poHtics in 
 Great Britain and the United States. See his " Municipal and private 
 operation of public utilities: relative to the labor report of the 
 National civic federation " for a reply to criticism. 
 
 See also J. R. Commons, " Labor and politics." 
 
 Sullivan, J. W. Municipal and private operation of pubUc 
 utilities: relative to the labor report of the National civic 
 federation committee on pubUc ownership and operation. 
 New York, 1908. 128 pp. 
 
 A reply to criticism of his " The labor report." 
 
 U. S. Bureau of the Census. Street and electric railways, 1902. 
 Washington, 1905. 439 pp. 
 
 Street railways and European countries: pp. 149-156. 
 
 Street and electric railways, 1907. Washington, loio. 
 575 pp. 
 Foreign tramways and electric railways: pp. 300-323. 
 
 Whitten, R. H. Supervision of street railways in England and 
 Prussia. Albany, 1909. 76 pp. 
 
 ^fn^Ti!'^/?"?. ^''""^^ '^^"^^ ^^^ Y^^^ P"b^^ ^^^ commission 
 lor the first distnct, 1908. 
 
 Williams, Arthur. Mumcipal ownership cosUy and dangerous. 
 Moody's Magazine, ii, 643-649 (1906). 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 E^nence in various places shows that private operation is cheaper 
 and there is less pohtical danger. 
 
 Municipal ownership of public utilities. (/» Y M C A 
 New York, West Side Branch. Public utiHty economics! 
 New York, 1914.) 31-44. 
 
 A very popular argument against municipal ownership, with brief 
 reference to the alleged unsuccessful results in different places. 
 
 W^AN, Bruce. State control of public utilities. Harvard Law 
 Review, xdv, 624H534 (1911). 
 
 " to large part the preface to Wyman on PubUc service corporations " 
 An excellent article on the history of regulation, the right^ "Xe 
 and the duties and privileges of pubHc service c^rporaUons. 
 
 ». 
 I 
 
28 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 HISTORY OF UTILITIES AND OF REGULATION 
 
 29 
 
 III 
 
 United States — General 
 
 Adams, A. D. Cost of municipal vs. private gas. Municipal 
 
 Journal and Engineer, xv, 13-14 (1903). 
 
 The writer asserts that municipal plants are more economically managed 
 than private. Includes an analytical table of the average cost of gas 
 in the private and municipal plants of each state. 
 
 Gas rates in the United States. Municipal Journal and 
 
 Engineer, xiii, 63-65 (1902). 
 
 Meter rents and minimum rates. Electrical World, Iv, 
 
 525-527 (1910). 
 
 A brief account of the law in various places, — statutory, and court and 
 commission decisions. 
 
 Reasonable rates. Journal of Political Economy, xii, 79-97 
 
 (1903)- 
 
 A very excellent, concise review of all the United States supreme court's 
 decisions on rate regulation, with brief discussion. 
 
 Adams, H. C. Relation of municipal government to public 
 works in the United States. Publications, American Eco- 
 nomic Association, ii, 507-532 (1888). 
 
 In The relation of modem municipalities to quasi-public works. Report 
 of an investigation of municipal ownership of gas; includes a table 
 of prices charged. 
 
 American Academy of Political and Social Science. Control of 
 municipal public service corporations. Annals of the Ameri- 
 can Academy of Political and Soci&,l Science, xxxi, no. 3 
 (1908). 201 pp. 
 
 Public utilities regulation in New York. Henry Bniere. 
 Development of transit control in New York City. H. C. Wright. 
 The control of public service corporations in Detroit. D. F. Wilcox. 
 The Boston consolidated gas company: its relation to the public, its 
 
 employees and investors. J. L. Richards. 
 Philadelphia's relation to the rapid transit company. E. O. Lewis. 
 Franchise grants in New York City. J. J. Murphy. 
 Recent phases of Chicago's transportation problem. W. E. Hotchkiss. 
 Public service corporations of New Orleans. Solomon Wolff. 
 Chicago new charter movement: its relation to municipal ownership. 
 
 M. J. Foreman. 
 The public service commissions of the state of New York. H. M. 
 
 PoDock. 
 
 Restrictive legislation against the public service corporations in New 
 
 Jersey. Frank Bergen. 
 The finances of the District of Columbia. W. F. Dodd. 
 The relation of Chicago to the public service corporations. G. C. Sikes. 
 The result of further legislative regulation of electric railways. J. B. 
 
 MacAfee. 
 
 American Academy of Political and Social Science. The relation 
 
 of the American municipalities to the gas and electric light 
 
 supply: a symposium. Annals of the American Academy of 
 
 Political and Social Science, xxvii, 200-233 (1906). 
 
 City of New York. R. G. Monroe. 
 
 Chicago. H. S. Grosser. 
 
 St. Louis. (Unsigned.) 
 
 Boston. E. M. Hartwell. 
 
 Cleveland. F. E. Stevens. 
 
 Buffalo. (Unsigned.) 
 
 New Orleans. J. J. McLaughlin. 
 
 Milwaukee. J.A.Butler. 
 
 District of Columbia. (Unsigned.) 
 
 Newark, N.J. (Unsigned.) 
 
 Providence. S.A.Sherman. 
 
 St. Paul. (Unsigned.) 
 
 Grand Rapids. D. F. WUcox. 
 
 Seattle. J.A.Smith. 
 
 Duluth. W. G.Joems. 
 
 The relation of the municipality to the water supply: a 
 
 symposium. Annals of the American Academy of Political 
 
 and Social Science, xxx, 557-592 (1907). 
 
 Chicago. Frederic Rex. 
 
 Philadelphia. H.R.Ringe. 
 
 Baltimore. H.J.Ford. 
 
 Cleveland. E.W.Bemis. 
 
 Buffalo. A.C.Richardson. 
 
 San Francisco. Murray Gross. 
 
 Cincinnati. M.B.May. 
 
 New Orleans. J. J. McLaughlin. 
 
 Detroit. D.F.Wilcox. 
 
 Washington. D.E. Garges. 
 
 Providence. F. E.Lakey. 
 
 Duluth. W.J.Joems. 
 
 American Economic Association, Committee on PubUc Finance. 
 The relation of modem municipalities to quasi-public works. 
 Publications, American Economic Association, ii, 501-581 
 (1888). 
 
30 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Relation of municipal government to public works in the United States. 
 
 H. C. Adams. 
 Electric lighting in the city of Detroit. Charles Moore. 
 Municipal revenue from street railways. D. R. Dewey. 
 Powers of municipalities respecting public works. F. J. Goodnow. 
 
 Baker, C. W. Monopolies and the people. New York, 1889. 
 3d edition, 1899. 3^^ pp. 
 Part I. Ch. V. " Municipal monopolies." 
 II. iv. " Municipal monopolies." 
 
 in. ii. " What shall we do with municipal monopolies ? " 
 
 Part I, Ch. v gives a brief historical sketch of public utility growth. 
 Part II, Ch. iv sketches the increasing tendency towards monopoly. 
 Part III, Ch. ii discusses briefly the need for public utility regulation 
 and the right to regulate. 
 
 Baker, M. N. Municipal ownership and operation of water- 
 works. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, Ivii, 279-281 (1915). 
 
 Waterworks. {In Bemis, E. W. Municipal monopolies. 
 
 4th edition. New York, 1904.) 3-52. 
 
 A thorough comparative and critical study of municipal and private 
 operation of waterworks in the United States, and an analysis of the 
 arguments for and against municipalization. The writer favors mu- 
 nicipal ownership. Includes many tables of statistics. 
 
 Barrow, W. M. State railroad commissions and the courts. 
 
 Freight, vi, 201-207 (1906). 
 
 A discussion of judicial review, with a list of the powers of the various 
 commissions and syllabi of litigated cases. 
 
 Beard, C. A. Franchises and public utilities. {In American 
 city government. New York, 191 2.) 190-217. 
 
 On the former corrupt practices with regard to utility franchises, and 
 franchise principles. 
 
 Municipal ownership. {In American city government. 
 
 New York, 1912.) 218-241. 
 
 A discussion of the theoretical arguments for and against municipali- 
 zation, with brief discussion of the results in the United States. 
 
 Bemis, E. W. The latest electric Ught reports. {In Municipal 
 monopolies. 4th edition. New York, 1904.) 183-285. 
 A thorough statistical comparison of municipal and private operation, 
 
 the writer favoring municipal ownership. Includes many tables of 
 
 statistics of operation and of rates. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTILITIES AND OF REGULATION 
 
 31 
 
 Bemis, E. W. Municipal operation versus private operation of 
 municipal monopolies: United States. {In National Civic 
 Federation. Municipal and private operation of public util- 
 ities. New York, 1907.) Pt. I, vol. i, 122-185. 
 
 An extended analysis of the results of municipal operation. The writer 
 believes it conclusively demonstrated that the municipal plants have 
 done far better for taxpayer and consumer than have the private 
 plants. 
 
 Municipal ownership of gas in the U. S. Publications, 
 
 American Economic Association, vi, 295-471 (1891). 
 Exhaustive study of results, with many tables of data. 
 
 Bowman, H. M. State railroad commissions. {In McLaughlin, 
 
 A. C, and Hart, A. B. Cyclopedia of American government. 
 
 New York, 1914.) iii, 134-135. 
 
 Includes tables — by states — of the date of organization of the first 
 commission, and of jurisdiction. 
 
 Bradford, E. S. Municipal electric lighting. Madison, 1906. 
 
 22 pp. 
 
 Wisconsin free library commission, Comparative legislation bulletin 
 
 no. 5. 
 
 Includes statistics of municipal electric plants in various places. 
 
 Municipal Journal and Engineer, xxiii, 213-217 (1907). 
 
 Review of statistics and conditions in the United States; including the 
 relative increase in municipal and private plants; with references and 
 tables of statistics. 
 
 Mimicipal gas lighting. Madison, 1906. 18 pp. 
 
 Wisconsin free library commission, Comparative legislation bulletin 
 
 no. 8. 
 Includes statistics of municipal gas plants in various cities. 
 
 BuRDETT, Frederick, and Forstall, A. E. Engineering 
 matters: United States gas works. {In National Civic 
 Federation. Municipal and private operation of public 
 utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 537-567. 
 
 Cahoon, J. B. Municipal electric lighting opposed. Municipal 
 Affairs, vi, 636-647 (1902). 
 
 A critical analysis of the results of municipal operation in the United 
 States; with a table of statistics. 
 
I 
 
 32 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Clark, F. C. State railroad commissions and how they may be 
 made effective. Publications, American Economic Associa- 
 tion, vi, 473-582 (1891). 
 
 History of state railroad commissions, with discussion. Includes tables 
 of the organization, powers and duties of the commissions. 
 
 Clark, W. J. Municipal ownership in Great Britain and in the 
 United States. Proc, American Street and Interurban Rail- 
 way Association, 1907: 271-284. 
 
 A comparison of English and American street railways, with analysis of 
 results. The conclusions are strongly in favor of private operation. 
 
 Commons, J. R., and Sullivan, J. W. Labor and politics: 
 United States gas works. {In National Civic Federation. 
 Municipal and private operarion of public utilities. New 
 York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 490-536. 
 
 , Labor and polidcs: United States water, gas and 
 
 electricity. {In National Civic Federation. Municipal and 
 private operation of public utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. 
 II, vol. i, 885-907. 
 
 Municipal electric lighting. Municipal Affairs, i, 631-673 
 
 (1897). 
 
 A thorough comparative and critical study of municipal and private 
 operation in the United States. Includes many tables of statistics of 
 operation and of rates. The writer favors municipal ownership. 
 
 (/« Bemis, E. W. Municipal monopolies. 4th 
 
 edition. New York, 1904.) 55-180. 
 Reprint. 
 
 Crowell, H. H. Electric lighting rates and depreciation. Mu- 
 nicipal Journal and Engineer, xxiii, 698 (1907). 
 Gives a table of electric rates in fifteen cities. 
 
 Curtis, C. E. Taxation of street railways for purposes of rev- 
 enue and control. Yale Review, viii, 173-201 (1899). 
 A good, technical study. Includes tables showing the practice in various 
 cities of the United States and Canada. 
 
 DiCKERMAN, J. C. Comparison of electric light and power rates. 
 
 Power, xlii, 8-15 (1915). 
 
 An excellent comparative study of the rates in many American cities, 
 with many charts and tables; technical. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTILITIES AND OF REGULATION J J 
 
 DiCKERMAN, J. C. The cost of producing illuminating gas in 
 
 American cities, exclusive of returns to capital invested. 
 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. i, 10-12 (1915). 
 A table of statistics from 19 cities, and discussion. 
 
 The cost of supplying illuminating gas in the smaller Ameri- 
 can cities, exclusive of returns to capital invested. Utilities 
 
 Magazine, i, no. 2, 19-23 (1915). 
 A table of statistics from 74 cities, and discussion. 
 Supplementary to his " Cost of producing illuminating gas in American 
 cities, exclusive of returns to capital invested." 
 
 Standards for gas service: established by public service 
 
 commissions. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 6, 16-21 (1916). 
 Supplementary to U. S., Bureau of standards, " Standards for gas ser- 
 vice " (circular no. 32, 3d edition). Codification of the rules of all 
 commissions. 
 
 Dixon, F. H. Recent railroad commission legislation. Political 
 Science Quarterly, xx, 612-624 (1905). 
 
 A good discussion of current legislation in various states. Deals only 
 with railroad commissions, but is of some interest for all public 
 utilities. 
 
 DoHERTY, H. L. State regulation of lighting enterprises. Ameri- 
 can Gas Light Journal, Ixxxix, 92-98 (1908). 
 A general historical discussion of the origins and development of the 
 commission movement. 
 
 Downey, E. H. Regulation of urban utilities in Iowa. Iowa 
 City, 191 2. 174 pp. 
 
 Iowa applied history series, i, no. 3. Public service commissions in the 
 
 United States, pp. 58-100. 
 An excellent, thoroughly annotated study of public service conmiission 
 
 laws, with tables showing the powers and organization of the various 
 
 commissions. 
 
 Dunn, S. O. The state railway commissions. Railroad Age 
 Gazette, xlvi, 123-125 (1909). 
 
 A tabular analysis of the personnel of the various railroad conunissions 
 (previous experience, salary, terms, etc.), with discussion. 
 
 DuRAND, E. D. Street railway franchises, public regulation and 
 public ownership in the United States of America. Royal 
 Conmiission on London Traffic, iv, 593-609 (1906). 
 Comprehensive discussion and tabulation of the laws of various states. 
 
34 BIBUOGRAPBY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 ^T^lic^ ^^?"* extensions of municipal functions in the 
 Umted States. Annals of the American Academy of Political 
 and Social Science, xxv, 299-310 (1905). 
 
 ^ UnftTs?!,"' recent municipal ownership and franchise history in the 
 United States. Includes tables of the geographical distribution of 
 municipal and private water and electric plants "'^'n''"""" "f 
 
 —-Recent legislation on municipal functions in tiie United 
 
 states. (/« Essays in municipal administration. New York 
 1908.) 145-163. ' 
 
 Municipal ownership: pp. 152-158. 
 Franchises and pubUc control: pp.' ic8-i6i 
 Revised reprint. 
 
 FERGtTSON Maxwell. State regulation of railroads m the south. 
 Columbia University Studies in History, Economics and 
 Pubhc Law, bcvii, 1-228 (1916). 
 
 '"tttSafr^t^!r,"^'"'°^ "f """'^ "f '''^ """"-'o- ta 
 DT^nt rn^™ ^' T'^- ^'^"'tely, and a general summary of the 
 present commission situation. 
 
 Floy, Henry. Examples of important appraisals, (/n Valua- 
 tion of public utility properties. New York, 191 2.) ^^x^.^(, 
 
 coCnt?'""'^ "' '"''''' '' ^^^^^^ ^' "^"^"^ ^PP^^^' -ith brid 
 
 Public service commissions. (In Valuation of pubUc utiUtv 
 properties. New York, 1912.) 32-48. 
 A brief sketch of commission history and results. 
 Foio), F. R. The holding company: its advantages and disad- 
 vantages. Electric RaHway Journal, xliii, 23-27 (1914) 
 A good analysis, with tables of statistics. 
 
 Passenger rates and fares in dties with surface street rail- 
 ways and elevated railroads or subways. Proc, American 
 Electnc Railway Association, 1912: 277-294 
 
 Memorandum with " Report of the committee on determinini. the 
 proper basis for rates and fares " uciermimng tUe 
 
 A valuable study, by cities, with tables of statistics. 
 
 Aera,i, 400-409 (191 2). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xl, 1108-1112 (1912). 
 
 HISTORY OF UTILITIES AND OF REGULATION 35 
 
 Ford, F. R. Valuation of intangible street railway property. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science, xxxvii, 119-141 (191 1). 
 
 Includes a brief review of the treatment of intangibles in certam traction 
 valuations. 
 
 Francisco, M. J. The business of municipalities and private 
 corporations compared: data that proves municipal owner- 
 ship waste exceeds corporate profit. Rutland, 1905 ? 136 pp. 
 
 Many plants considered alphabetically by cities; only a sentence or two 
 about each. 
 
 Municipalities vs. private corporations: political and busi- 
 ness management. Rutland, 1900. 172 pp. 
 " Tables showing cost of lights furnished by private companies and 
 municipal plants, a list of municipal plants sold or abandoned, ex- 
 perience of municipalities, legal and editorial opinions." 
 
 Municipal ownership: its fallacy, with legal and editorial 
 
 opinions, tables and cost of lights as furnished by private 
 companies and municipal plants. Rutland, 1893. 104 pp. 
 Arranged by cities, with only a few sentences about each city. 
 
 GoNDEN, H. J. Robbing Peter. PubKc Service, xvii, 37-38 
 (1914). 
 Abstract. Discusses coilcealment in municipal plant reports. 
 
 Gray, J. H. General history and legislation: United States gas 
 works. {In National Civic Federation. Municipal and pri- 
 vate operation of public utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. 11, 
 vol. i, 426-489. 
 
 General history and legislation: United States waterworks. 
 
 {In National Civic Federation. Municipal and private 
 operation of public utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 
 1-135. 
 
 Public service commissions. Proc., American Political 
 
 Science Association, iv, 324-335 (1907). 
 
 A discussion of papers by W. H. Hatton and T. M. Osborne. 
 
 Briefly considers the regulation in certain states. 
 
 Gruhl, Edwin. Policies of regulating bodies. Aera, iii, 24-33, 
 113-123 (1914). 
 
 A very interesting study, considering the different attitude of the vari- 
 ous commissions on several regulation problems. 
 
36 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 HISTORY OF UTILITIES AND OF REGULATION 
 
 37 
 
 Gruhl, Edwin. Recent tendencies in valuations for rate-making 
 purposes. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, liii, 219-237 (1914). 
 
 An excellent review of court and commission attitude, with many quo- 
 tations from the cases. Summarizes the conclusions. 
 
 GwiNN, D. R. Water rates charged in 375 cities. Proc, Ameri- 
 can Waterworks Association, xxviii, 209-222 (1908). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 223-238. Tabulated results of a questionnaire. 
 Rates of private plants: pp. 216-218; rates of municipal plants: pp. 
 219-222. 
 
 Hagenah, W. J. The development of the true function of the 
 commission. Electrical World, Ixvii, 16-17 (1916). 
 Review of commission regulation in 191 5. 
 
 Hard, William, and Gray, J. H. General history and legisla- 
 tion: United States electricity works. {In National Civic 
 Federation. Municipal and private operation of public 
 utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 665-748. 
 Considers Chicago, Detroit and South Norwalk only. 
 
 Haskins, C. W., and Johnson, J. F. The recent history of mu- 
 nicipal ownership in the United States. Municipal Affairs, 
 
 vi, 524-538 (1903)- 
 
 The writer concludes that the insuflficient and controversial evidence 
 makes a general decision impossible at present. 
 
 Hatch, A. S. Cost of electric lighting in cities. Municipal 
 Engineering, xxxi, 201-203 (1906). 
 
 Abstract. A tabulation of the rates in many American cities, with some 
 discussion. 
 
 Heilman, R. E. Commission control of refunding utility se- 
 curities. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 4, 26-30 (1916). 
 Contains many citations of court and conunission decisions. 
 
 The development by commissions of the principles of 
 
 public utility capitalization. Journal of Political Economy, 
 
 xxiii, 888-909 (191 5). 
 
 An excellent annotated study, with a brief discussion of the attitude of 
 the various commissions on important capitalization problems. 
 
 Hedlman, R. E. Development by commissions of the principles 
 
 of public utility valuation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 
 
 xxviii, 269-291 (1914). 
 
 An exceUent annotated study, with a brief discussion of the attitude of 
 the various commissions on certain important valuation problems. 
 
 Some economic aspects of waterworks valuation. Journal 
 
 of the American Waterworks Association, ii, 538-543 (191 5). 
 
 A brief discussion of the attitude of various commissions towards going 
 value. 
 
 Heim, J. B. Meter rates. Proc, American Waterworks Associ- 
 ation, xxiv, 251-267 (1904). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 277-289. An account of a rate controversy in Madison; 
 includes an elaborate table of waterworks statistics and charges in 
 various American cities. 
 
 Henderson, C. R. Competitive waterworks. Proc, American 
 Waterworks Association, xxviii, 519-524 (1908). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 525-527- A brief account of competition by municipal 
 plants in various cities, with discussion of the cause and results. 
 
 Hills, A. S. The origin, growth and work of public utility 
 conamissions. Public Service, xii, 58-61 (191 2). 
 Popular. 
 
 HoDGKiNS, H. C. Franchises of public utilities as they were and 
 as they are. Journal of the American Waterworks Associ- 
 ation, ii, 739-758 (1915). 
 
 A very interesting study, giving a brief review of franchise history, 
 tables of the terms of franchises in each state and of the kinds of 
 utilities coming under the jurisdiction of the various commissions, 
 with discussion. 
 
 Howe, F. C. The city and the public service corporation. (In 
 
 The modern city and its problems. New York, 191 5.) 149- 
 
 164. 
 
 A general and rather indefinite historical sketch, emphasizing corruption 
 in the past. 
 
 — Municipal ownership in America. (In The modem city 
 and its problems. New York, 191 5.) 165-175. 
 
 A popular historical treatment. 
 
 H 
 
38 
 
 BIBUOGRAPBY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 |! 
 
 HuEBNER, G. G. Five years of railroad regulation by the states. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science, xxxii, 138-156 (1908). 
 
 An excellent tabulation of the commission laws, 1902-1907. 
 Supplementary to U. S., Interstate commerce commission, " Railways 
 in the United States in 1902 " (part IV). 
 
 Humphreys, C. J. R. The development of the public utilities 
 commissions as applied in the gas and electric business. 
 American Gas Light Journal, xci, 223-233 (1909). 
 
 An historical account of the origin of the commission movement and an 
 outline of the earlier commission laws in various states. 
 
 Johnson, E. R. American railway transportation. New York, 
 1903. 2d revised edition, 1909. 434 pp. 
 
 Ch. XXV. Regulation of railways by the American state governments: 
 the state commissions, 
 xxvii. The courts and railway regulation, 
 xxviii. Railway taxation. 
 Good elementary discussion, with references. Of some interest for all 
 public utilities. 
 
 
 — Elements of transportation: a discussion of steam railroad, 
 
 electric railway, and ocean and inland water transportation. 
 
 New York, 1909. 360 pp. 
 
 Ch. xix. Origin and growth of electric railways. 
 XX. Urban electric railways. 
 xxi. Interurban and rural electric railways. 
 An historical and descriptive account; illustrated with photographs 
 and maps. 
 
 — Railway regulation by the states; the state commissions. 
 {In Elements of transportation. New York, 1909.) 132-139. 
 An elementary historical account. 
 
 — Regulation of railways by the American state governments: 
 the state commissions. {In American railway transportation. 
 2d revised edition. New York, 1909.) 349-366. 
 
 An elementary historical accoimt of some interest for all public utilities. 
 
 — , and Van Metre, T. W. {In Principles of railway 
 
 transportation. New York, 1916.) 467-491. 
 
 An elementary historical account, of some interest for all public utilities. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTILITIES AND OF REGULATION 39 
 
 Johnson, E. R. The trend of governmental regulation of rail- 
 roads. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, xxxii, 120-124 (1908). 
 
 Treats of railroads only, but is of some general interest as a brief r6sum6 
 of early legislative and commission regulation of rates. 
 
 Jones, S. P. What certain cities have accomplished without 
 state regulation. Annals of the American Academy of Politi- 
 cal and Social Science, Ivii, 72-82 (191 5). 
 
 Argument for local regulation, with brief accounts of the experience in 
 various cities. 
 
 Kerr, W. D. Qualifications needed for public utilities com- 
 missioners. Annals of the American Academy of Political 
 and Social Science, liii, 19-35 (1914)- 
 
 An excellent annotated classification of the requirements of the com- 
 mission laws of all states, with discussion. 
 
 King, C. L. The need for regulation. {In The regulation of 
 municipal utilities. New York, 191 2.) 3-22. 
 A good elementary account of the history and need for regulation. 
 
 Rules regulating water service adopted by state public ser- 
 vice commissions. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 9, 19-23 (1916). 
 Codification of the rules of all commissions. 
 
 Klumpp, J. B. Summary of commission regulations governing 
 gas supply. American Gas Light Journal, ciii, 75 (1915). 
 An excellent tabular summary. 
 
 Koiner, C. W. Municipal ownership and operation of electric 
 
 utilities on the Pacific coast. Proc, American Society of 
 
 Municipal Improvements, 1914: 347-367. 
 
 A brief discussion of the plants and operating results in various western 
 cities; includes tables. 
 
 Lee, E. B. The public utiHty movement: public service com- 
 missions. Moody's Magazine, xiii, 465-469 (191 2). 
 Brief, popular historical account. 
 
 MacAfee, J. B. Result of further legislative regulation of elec- 
 tric railways. Annals of the American Academy of Political 
 and Social Science, xxxi, 161-166 (1908). 
 An argument against restrictive legislation as curtailing enterprise. 
 
tr 
 
 40 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 McCuLLOCH, Richard. The present tendency of public service 
 regulation. Proc, American Electric Railway Association, 
 1913- 320-335. 
 Includes a tabular analysis of the laws by states. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xlii, 858-860(1913). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Tendency of utility regulation. Public Service, xv, 159- 
 
 161 (1913). 
 Abstract. 
 
 McGrath, D. J. Long rides for a nickel. Electric Railway 
 Jouraal, xlviii, 222-225 (1916). 
 
 Maps of the single-fare zones in twenty-five typical American cities, 
 with brief discussion. 
 
 McLean, S. J. State regulation of railways in the United States. 
 Economic Journal, x, 349-369 (1900). 
 A thoroughly annotated historical study. 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. Public service commissions. {In McLaughlin, 
 A. C, and Hart, A. B. Cyclopedia of American government. 
 New York, 1914.) iii, 108-1 10. 
 
 Marston, Glenn. Facts on municipal ownership in 268 towns 
 and cities. Chicago, 1915. 32 pp. 
 Alphabetical by cities; only a few sentences about each city. 
 
 The fallacies of municipal ownership. Public Service, xiv, 
 
 107-108, 147-149, 187-188 (1913). 
 
 A popular argument against municipal ownership, with brief discussion 
 of the results in various places. 
 
 200 municipal ownership failures. Chicago, 1912 ? 29 pp. 
 
 Arranged by cities, with only a sentence about each city. 
 
 Martin, T. C. Electric raihoads. {In McLaughlin, A. C, and 
 Hart, A. B. Cyclopedia of American government. New 
 York, 1914.) iii, 138-140. 
 
 Marwick, Mitchell and Company. Financial matters: United 
 States electricity works. {In Nadonal Civic Federation. 
 Municipal and private operation of public utilities. New 
 York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 803-844. 
 Considers Allegheny, Chicago, Detroit and South Norwalk only. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTILITIES AND OF REGULATION 4 1 
 
 Marwick, Mitchell and Company. Financial matters : United 
 States waterworks. {In National Civic Federation. Munic- 
 ipal and private operation of public utilities. New York, 
 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 353-425. 
 
 Maury, D. H. Engineering matters: United States waterworks. 
 {In Nadonal Civic Federation. Municipal and private opera- 
 tion of public utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 
 159-352. 
 
 Metcalf, Leonard. Private fire protection service charges. 
 
 Proc, American Waterworks Association, xxxiii, 127-152 
 
 (1913). 
 
 Discussion : pp. 1 58-190. An account of an investigation supplementing 
 Metcalf, Kuichling and Hawley, "Some fundamental considerations 
 in the determination of a reasonable return for public fire hydrant 
 service." 
 
 , Kuichling, E., and Hawley, W. C. Some fundamental 
 
 considerations in the determination of a reasonable return 
 for public fire hydrant service. Proc, American Waterworks 
 Association, xxxi, 55-117 (191 1). 
 Includes tables of rates charged in different cities. 
 For a supplementary study, see Leonard Metcalf, "Private fire pro- 
 tection service charges." 
 
 Milwaukee Gas Light Company. Prices charged for gas in 
 various cities of the United States from 1885 to 1907, in- 
 clusive. Milwaukee, 1907 ? 28 pp. 
 An excellent and very complete tabulation. 
 
 Moore, Charles. Electric lighting in the city of Detroit. Publi- 
 cations, American Economic Association, ii, 539-550 (1888). 
 In The relation of modem municipalities to quasi-public works. 
 Historical; includes a table of the charges for street lighting m various 
 cities. 
 
 Nash, L. R. Development of commission regulation. Stone and 
 Webster Public Service Journal, xv, 18-27 (1914). 
 A tabular analysis, chart and discussion of the authority and juris- 
 diction of the various state conunissions. 
 
 National Civic Federation. Commission regulation of public 
 utilities: a compilation and analysis of laws of forty-three 
 states and of the federal government for the regulation by 
 
42 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 central commissions of railroads and other public utilities. 
 New York, 1913. 1284 pp. 
 
 National Civic Federation. Draft bill for the regulation of pub- 
 lic utilities: with documents relating thereto. New York? 
 1914. 124 pp. 
 
 Includes a table showing the number of commissioners, their terms, 
 salaries, and manner of selection, for the various state commissions 
 (pp. 111-114). 
 
 Norton, W. J. Approval of demand rates by public service 
 
 commissions. Electrical Review and Western Electrician, 
 
 Ixv, 960-961 (1914). 
 
 States briefly the attitude of the commissions in various states. 
 
 Effects of the indeterminate franchise under state regula- 
 tion. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science, liii, 135-147 (1914). 
 
 A good, annotated account of the law and experience of various states. 
 
 State regulation. Electrical Review and Western Electri- 
 
 cian, kvi, 632-633 (1915). 
 
 A very brief but interesting discussion of various commissions, the 
 writer asserting that their ill success has been due to poor appoint- 
 ments and politics. 
 
 Nutting, H. G. D. Is regulation failing ? Electrical Review 
 and Western Electrician, Ixv, 811-812 (1914). 
 Popular and very general. 
 
 Parsons, Frank. Public ownership. {In The city for the 
 people. Philadelphia, 1900 ?) 17-254. 
 
 An arraignment of the public service corporations for alleged abuses and 
 corruption, and an argument for municipal ownership. Includes many 
 quotations from other writers and some statistics; very popular in 
 style. 
 
 Parsons, W. B. Underground railways in the United States. 
 Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, liv, part F, 
 349-366(1904). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 367-376. A technical engineering description, with 
 many diagrams. 
 
 Patton, W. a. At what rate can water be profitably sold when 
 pumped against a 300-foot head ? Proc, American Water- 
 works Association, xxiv, 490-496 (1904). 
 A discussion of the rates in various places. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTILITIES AND OF REGULATION 43 
 
 Pike, C. W. Service standards for electric light and power com- 
 panies as prescribed by public service conmiissions. Utilities 
 Magazine, i, no. 5, 21-28 (1916). 
 See revised codification. 
 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 7, 30-40 (1916). 
 
 Revised codification of the rules of all commissions. 
 
 RiGGS, H. E. The valuation of public service corporation prop- 
 erty. Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, Ixxii, 
 
 1-173(1911). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 174-300. Includes discussion of the vanous state rail- 
 road appraisals. Rather technical. 
 
 Ripley, W. Z. Physical valuation of railroads. Political Science 
 
 Quarterly, xxix, 569-599 (1914)- 
 
 An annotated critical and historical study, of some interest for municipal 
 utilities. 
 
 Physical valuation: reasonable rates. {In Railroads: fi- 
 nance and organization. New York, 191 5.) SS^SJO- 
 
 Rosamond, S. J. What would be a fair basis for fixing water 
 rates for fire and domestic service ? Proc, American Water- 
 works Association, xxv, 132-138 (1905). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 139-150. An analysis of the rates of seventy cities; 
 with large comparative tables of statistics. 
 
 RosEWATER, Victor. Mimicipal ownership of electric lighting. 
 
 Independent, Iv, 93-96 (1903). 
 
 A brief but interesting account of the growth of the municipal owner- 
 ship movement in the United States; with one table of statistics. 
 The writer favors mimicipalization. 
 
 ScoBELL, E. C. Variations in public service systems of account- 
 ing. Proc, National Electric Light Association, 1914: ac- 
 counting session, 188-193. 
 
 A brief r6sum6 of some of the differences in the requirements of various 
 commissions. 
 
 Sharfman, I. L. Conmiission regulation of public utilities: a 
 survey of legislation. Annals of the American Academy of 
 Political and Social Science, liii, 1-18 (1914)- 
 An excellent account of the provisions of the commission laws of all 
 states, thoroughly annotated. 
 
44 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Sharfman, I. L. Regulation by the states. (/« Railway regula- 
 tion. Chicago, 1915.) 139-171. 
 
 Reprint of "Commission regulation of public utilities: a survey of 
 legislation. ' 
 
 Spencer, A. W. The prevenUon of stock-watering by public 
 service corporations. Journal of PoUtical Economy xiv 
 542-552(1906). 
 
 A good discussion of the principles of the regulation of securities issues 
 and of the practice of the different states. The writer advocates 
 separate state laws applying to public service corporations. 
 
 Stebbins, Theodore, and Phelps, C. E., Jr. Engineering 
 matters: United States electricity works. {In National 
 Civic Federation. Municipal and private operation of public 
 utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 759-802. 
 Considers AUegheny, Chicago, Detroit and South Norwalk only. 
 
 Sullivan, J. W. , and Commons, J. R. Labor and poUtics : United 
 States waterworks. {In National Civic Federation. Mu- 
 nicipal and private operation of pubUc utiliUes. New York 
 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 136-158. ' 
 
 Thelen, Max. Report on leading railroad and pubUc service 
 commissions. Sacramento, 1912. 98 pp. 
 An excellent report on the organization and work of the public service 
 conunissions of Oregon, Washington, Nebraska, Minnesota, Wiscon- 
 sin New York, Massachusetts, Maryland, Georgia, Texas and 
 UKianoma. 
 
 TiNGLEY, C. L. S. Present tendency of pubUc utility laws and 
 regulations. Proc, American Electric Railway Association 
 1,301-320(1913). ' 
 
 A rather general discussion of commission developments and especially 
 of the new Illinois commission law; with quotations from court dL 
 cisions. 
 
 U. S. Bureau of the Census. Central electric Kght and power 
 stations, 1902. Washington, 1905. 175 pp. 
 Franchises: pp. 82-85. 
 History and development of electric lighting: pp. 86-104. 
 
 Central electric light and power stations, 1907. Washing- 
 ton, 1 910. 197 pp. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTILITIES AND OF REGULATION 45 
 
 U. S. Bureau of the Census. Central electric light and power 
 
 stations and street and electric railways: with summary of 
 
 the electrical industries, 191 2. Washington, 1915. 440 pp. 
 
 Central electric light and power stations: pp. 1-176. 
 Street and electric railways: pp. 179-409. 
 
 Street and electric railways, 1902. Washington, 1905. 
 
 439 PP- 
 
 Franchises, public regulation and public ownership: pp. 126-148. 
 History and development of electric traction: pp. 159-171. 
 Construction and equipment: pp. 172-229. 
 
 Street and electric railways, 1907. Washington, 1910. 
 
 575 PP- 
 
 Fares and transfers: pp. 248-252. 
 
 Franchises, public regulation and public ownership: pp. 291-299. 
 
 U. S. Bureau of Standards. Standard regulations for manufac- 
 tured gas and gas service. Washington, 1913. 170 pp. 
 
 Circular no. 32; second edition. Superseding " State and municipal 
 regulations for the quality, distribution, and testing of illuminating 
 gas." 
 
 Contains suggested regulations, and a review of existing regulations. 
 Technical. 
 
 Standards for electric service. Washington, 1916. 262 pp. 
 
 Circular no. 56; first edition. An excellent classification and tabulation 
 of the various state and municipal regulations; with discussion of 
 proposed standards. Technical. 
 
 Standards for gas service. Washington, 191 5. 197 pp. 
 
 Circular no. 32; third edition. Superseding " Standard regulations 
 
 for manufactured gas and gas service." 
 Consists largely of suggested regulations, but includes a sunmiary of 
 
 regulations now in force. Technical. 
 
 State and municipal regulations for the quality, distribu- 
 tion, and testing of illuminating gas. Washington, 191 2. 
 
 133 PP- 
 
 Circular no. 32 ; first edition. An excellent classification and tabulation. 
 Technical. 
 
 U. S. Interstate Commerce Commission. Railways in the United 
 States in 1902. Washington, 1903. 5 vols. 
 Part IV: State regulation of railways. 416 pp. 
 
46 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Appendix to sixteenth annual report. An excellent tabulation of the 
 commission laws and their changes since 1890. For a supplementary 
 compilation, see G. G. Hueber, " Five years of railroad regulation by 
 the states." 
 
 Wagner, B. M. Rates for water supply. Journal of the New 
 England Waterworks Association, xxix, 1-48 (191 5). 
 A very good general article, including an account of water rate history. 
 
 Warner, G. E. Public ownership of lighting plant. City Gov- 
 ernment, vi, 50-52 (1899). 
 On municipal ownership history m Rochester and elsewhere. 
 
 Whipple, F. H. The cost of pubUc Ughting. {In Municipal 
 lighting. Detroit, 1889.) 120-217. 
 Alphabetical, by cities. 
 
 The ownership of central stations. {In Municipal light- 
 ing. Detroit, 1889.) 80-106. 
 Alphabetical by cities. 
 
 Whitehorne, E. E. The value of the poor man's business. 
 
 Electrical World, Ixvii, 201-203 (1916). 
 
 Popular account of the use of controlled flat rates in various cities; illus- 
 trated with photographs. 
 
 Whitten, R. H. Taxation of corporations in New York, Massa- 
 chusetts, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. New York State 
 Library Bulletin, no. 61 : 617-810 (1901). 
 Includes public service companies. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Effects of state regulation upon the municipal 
 
 ownership movement. Annals of the American Academy of 
 
 Political and Social Science, liii, 71-84 (1914). 
 
 An excellent discussion of some of the problems and results of commis- 
 sion regulation in the various states. 
 
 Municipal franchises: a description of the terms and con- 
 ditions upon which private corporations enjoy special privi- 
 leges in the streets of American cities. New York, 1910-191 1 . 
 2 vols. 
 An exhaustive treatise, in popular form, mcluding an account of the 
 
 franchises in force in practically all important American cities. For 
 
 list of chapters, see p. 131. 
 
 Street railway resettlements and negotiations for municipal 
 
 ownership. National Municipal Review, iii, 745-751 (1914). 
 Brief sketches of the situation in various American cities. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 
 
 47 
 
 Zueblin, Charles. Municipal railway regulation. {In Ameri- 
 can municipal progress. Revised edition. New York, 191 6.) 
 
 30^54. 
 
 A very popular historical sketch of the street railways in certain Ameri- 
 can cities. 
 
 Alabama 
 Birmingham 
 
 Gordon, F. G. R. Municipal ownership in Birmingham. Con- 
 cerning Municipal Ownership, ix, 174-175 (191 6). 
 
 California 
 
 Eastwood, J. S. The railroad commission and the public. 
 
 Journal of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxxii, 51-54 (1914). 
 
 Discussion of state vs. local regulation in California. Favors state con- 
 trol. 
 
 EscH, Fred. Utility law variations. Public Service Regulation, 
 i, 492-494 (191 2). 
 A comparison of the California and Wisconsin acts. 
 
 EsHLEMAN, J. M. State and mimicipal control of utilities. 
 Public Service Regulation, i, 587-593 (191 2). 
 Abstract. 
 
 State vs. municipal regulations of public utilities. National 
 
 Municipal Review, ii, 11-23 (1913)- 
 
 On the combination of state and local regulation in California, favoring 
 state control. 
 
 Plehn, C. C. The taxation of franchises in California. National 
 Municipal Review, i, 337-354 (191 2). 
 A good historical and critical account. 
 
 SiNSHEiMER, p. A. Ten rules for service: principles applied by 
 the railroad conmiission of California to the regulation of 
 public utility service. Annals of the American Academy of 
 Political and Social Science, liii, 292-306 (1914). 
 
 Thelen, Max. A California problem. Public Service Regula- 
 tion, i, 662-663 (191 2). 
 
 Discusses question of whether California municipalities should delegate 
 to the state conmiission their powers over public utilities. 
 
48 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Thelen, Max. California's new law. Public Service Regula- 
 tion, i, 260-262 (1912). 
 Analysis of the act of 191 2. 
 
 Public utility regulation in California. Proc, National 
 
 Electric Light Association, 1915: general session, 263-270. 
 Brief historical sketch of electric utilities and regulation in California. 
 
 Whittlesey, J. T. The success of municipal lighting plants in 
 California. Pacific Municipalities, xxvii, 701-712 (1913); 
 xxviii, 5-16 (1914). 
 
 Alameda 
 
 GoLDSWORTHY, A. D. Municipal electric lighting in Alameda, 
 California. American City, xi, 144-146 (1914). 
 Brief description, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Kahn, J. B. Alameda municipal electric light plant. Journal 
 of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxxi, 455-460 (1913). 
 History and description, with photographs and statistics. 
 
 Glendale 
 
 Allison, LeR. W. Glendale municipal electric lighting plant. 
 Power, xlii, 60-61 (1915). 
 A very brief account of the plant and its operating results. 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 MoHLER, C. K. Public utility regulation by Los Angeles. Annals 
 
 of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 
 
 liii, 108-118 (1914). 
 
 A discussion of the powers and work of the commission. 
 
 Works, L. R. The board of public utilities of Los Angeles. {In 
 King, C. L. The regulation of public utilities. New York, 
 191 2.) 208-218. 
 A brief, popular account of the conmiission and its work. 
 
 Palo Alto 
 
 Byxbee, J. F., Jr. Experience with the diesel-engine in the 
 
 municipal power plant of Palo Alto, Calif. Engineering and 
 
 Contracting, xlv, 44-47 (191 6). 
 
 Engineering description, with one photograph. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTILITIES AND OF REGULATION 49 
 
 Pasadena 
 
 Carr, W. J. Does municipal ownership pay ? Pasadena's suc- 
 cess in municipal ownership and certain aspects of the enter- 
 prise. Pacific Municipalities, xxvii, 142-145 (1913). 
 
 KoiNER, C. W. Pasadena's municipal light and power plant. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, Ivii, 209-227 (1915). 
 
 Historical account, with tables of rates charged. Favors municipal 
 ownership. 
 
 Slavin, Matthew. Municipal electricity in Pasadena. Public 
 Service, viii, 105-108 (1910). 
 
 Riverside 
 
 Backstrand, C. F. Riverside's municipal power plant. Journal 
 
 of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxx, 153-155 (1913). 
 
 Engineering description, with photographs. 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 Arnold, B. J. Foundation principles in valuation. Electric 
 
 Railway Journal, xlvi, 713-719, 803-806 (1915). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Foundation principles of utility valuation with special ap- 
 plication to plans for resettlement. Aera, iv, 189-214 (1915). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Foundation principles of utility valuation with special ap- 
 plication to resettlement plans. Proc, American Electric 
 Railway Association, 1 91 5: 139-187. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 188-198. Notes on San Francisco traction resettlement: 
 pp. 176-178; with a chart. 
 
 Franchise and legal matters. (In Report on the improve- 
 ment and development of the transportation facilities of 
 San Francisco. San Francisco, 1913.) 359-410. 
 
 Report on legal and franchise matters, charter amendments 
 
 to the Board of supervisors, city of San Francisco. ?, 191 2. 
 28 pp. 
 
 Report on the improvement and development of the trans- 
 portation facilities of San Francisco. San Francisco, 1913. 
 475 pp. 
 
so 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 San Francisco — continued. 
 
 Baldwin, A. S. Shall San Francisco municipalize its water sup- 
 ply ? Municipal Affairs, iv, 3 1 7-3 28(1 900) . 
 
 A popular analysis, opposing municipal ownership under the existing 
 circumstances. 
 
 Cleary, a. J. Municipal street railways. Engineering News, 
 
 Ixxiii, 320-324 (1915). 
 
 In a series of articles entitled " The mxmicipal engineering works of 
 
 San Francisco." 
 A good description, illustrated with photographs and diagrams, and 
 
 including some statistics. 
 
 San Francisco's new municipal street railways. Engineer- 
 ing News, Ixxii, 1020-1022 (1914). 
 An engineering description, illustrated with a photograph and map. 
 
 Gross, Murray. San Francisco, Cal. Annals of the American 
 Academy of Political and Social Science, xxx, 575-578 (1907). 
 In The relation of the municipality to the water supply: a symposium. 
 Very brief historical and descriptive account of the water service. 
 
 OsT, P. J. The municipal railways of San Francisco. Journal 
 of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxxiii, 333-340 (1914). 
 Description, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 ScHUSSLER, Hermann. San Francisco's water supply. Public 
 Service, viii, 25-27 (1910). 
 History and description. 
 
 Walcott, E. a. The municipal railways of San Francisco. 
 
 National Municipal Review, iii, 554-556 (1914)- 
 Analysis of results, the writer concluding that the undertaking has been 
 a success. 
 
 ZuEBLiN, Charles. Municipal railway regulation. {In Ameri- 
 can mimicipal progress. Revised edition. New York, 1916.) 
 
 30-54. 
 
 San Francisco's mimicipal railway: pp. 52-54. 
 
 Brief historical sketch; very popular. 
 
 Santa Clara 
 
 Moore, C. E. Experience with a mimicipal gas plant. Public 
 
 Service, 11,51-52(1907). 
 
 History of municipal ownership in Santa Clara, with conclusions as to 
 the general desirability of municipal ownership. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION SI 
 
 Colorado 
 Staley,D.H. Colorado in litigation. Public Service Regulation, 
 
 1,3^37(1912). 
 
 Brief historical sketch of the railroad commission and legislation. 
 
 Denver 
 
 Brashears, W. F. Denver waterworks controversy. Public 
 
 Service, ix, 101-104 (1910). 
 
 A very popular, historical sketch. 
 Deacon, W. G. A city's lost honor. PubUc Service, xvi, 147- 
 
 148 (1914). 
 
 A popular account of Denver's relations to the waterworks company. 
 
 Gentry, R. G. Denver's famous street lighting. Public Service, 
 
 V, 4-5 (1908). 
 
 Description, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 King, C. L. The history of the government of Denver, with 
 special reference to its relations with public service corpora- 
 tions. Denver, 191 1. 322 pp. 
 
 Mayfield, a. U. Public services of Denver. Public Service, ii, 
 
 7-14(1907). 
 
 Each kind of utility service described separately, with photographs. 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 Norwich 
 
 Jensen, M. E. Experiment conducted at Norwich, Conn. New 
 
 England Magazine, n. s., xxxv, 338-342 (1906). 
 
 Description of the municipal pknt, and analysis of results. 
 
 South Norwalk 
 
 Winchester, A. E. South Norwalk's mimicipal electric works. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science, Ivii, 228-245 (191 5). 
 
 Historical, with comparison of the private and municipal plants. Some 
 general discussion of municipal ownership. 
 
 Wallingford 
 
 Pierce, A. L. Municipal lighting in Wallingford, Conn. Mu- 
 nicipal Affairs, vi, 820-823 (1903). 
 Very brief historical sketch, with analysis of results. 
 
52 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 District of Columbu 
 Washington 
 
 Garges, D. E. Washington, D. C. Annals of the American 
 Academy of PoUtical and Social Science, xxx, 585-588 (1907). 
 In The relation of the municipality to the water supply: a symposium. 
 Histoncal and descriptive account of the water service. 
 
 Florida 
 Jacksonville 
 
 Austin, C. C. Jacksonville municipal power plant. Power, 
 xxxvii, 622-624 (1913). 
 Description, with photographs and diagrams. 
 
 Barrs, J. M. Municipal ownership in Jacksonville, Florida. 
 Proc, National Conference for Good City Government, 1006: 
 257-265. 
 
 An analysis of the results of operation, the writer favoring municipal 
 ownership. *^ 
 
 Deacon, W. G. The truth about Jacksonville. Public Service, 
 xvi, 113-117(1914). 
 
 Experience with the municipal electric plant; includes one photograph. 
 Gordon, F. G. R. The Jacksonville municipal electric lighting 
 plant. Concerning Municipal Ownership, ix, 153-155 (1916). 
 Analysis of results. 
 
 WoRTHiNGTON, Tbomas. Regulation vs. municipal ownership. 
 Public Service, xvi, 23-25 (1914). 
 
 A popular argument against municipal ownership, with brief reference 
 to the municipal plants of Jacksonville. 
 
 Georgia 
 Collier, W. R. The sale of current to municipally owned dis- 
 tributing systems by central stations. Electrical Review and 
 Western Electrician, brsdi, 890-893 (1915). 
 
 Embodies the results of a study in Georgia, illustrated with tables and 
 charts. 
 
 Atlanta 
 
 Beck, H. C. Atlanta's municipal waterworks. Public Service, 
 ii, 137-140 (1907). 
 A statistical analysis of results. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTILITIES AND OF REGULATION 
 
 S3 
 
 Quitman 
 
 Crowell, F. B. Quitman municipal water and light plant. 
 Power, xliii, 786-787 (1916). 
 Description, with photographs and tables. 
 
 Idaho 
 
 Walker, H. B. Government furnishes cheap electricity. Power, 
 xli, 228-229(1915). 
 
 Electricity sold to small towns in southern Idaho by a government hy- 
 droelectric plant, which forms part of the Minidoka irrigation project. 
 Gives tables of rates charged. 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Bennett, C. G. Illinois utilities commission and the waterworks 
 companies. Journal of the American Waterworks Association, 
 ii, 382-389(1915). 
 A brief historical sketch and discussion. 
 
 Fairlie, J. A. Public utility legislation in Illinois. National 
 
 Municipal Review, iii, 28-33 (1914)- 
 
 Historical sketch of the legislation leading up to the enactment of the 
 commission law. 
 
 Feustel, R. M. Some aspects of the work of the Illinois utilities 
 commission. Journal of the Western Society of Engineers, 
 
 ^ 965-974 (1914). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 974-^78. Considers chiefly the organization and work 
 of the engineering department. 
 
 French, H. J. Laying foundation for new conunission. Public 
 Service, xi, 205-207 (191 1). 
 
 An Illinois committee makes an eighteen-month investigation tour be- 
 fore preparing the commission law. 
 
 Illinois Bureau of Labor Statistics. Report, 1898. Springfield, 
 1899. 271 pp. 
 Private and municipal ownership of public works: pp. 3-41. 
 
 Looms, H.B. Franchise taxation in Illinois. Municipal Affairs, 
 ¥,388-400(1901). 
 A popular account, with tables. 
 
54 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Norton, W. J. Illinois public utility commission law and mu- 
 nicipal ownership law: with annotations, marginal notes and 
 index-digest. Chicago, 1913. 200 pp. 
 
 Robinson, M. H. The pubUc utilities commission. {In A re- 
 port on supervision of corporations and related business. 
 Chicago, 1914.) 39-48. 
 
 Report prepared for Efficiency and economy committee, Illinois legis- 
 lature. 
 A good historical sketch. 
 
 Smith, E. B. Street railway legislation in Illinois. Atlantic 
 Monthly, xciii, 109-118 (1904). 
 A very popular, historical account. 
 
 TiNGLEY, C. L. S. Present tendency of public utility laws and 
 regulations. Proc, American Electric Railway Association, 
 i, 301-320 (1913)- 
 
 A rather general discussion of commission developments and especially 
 of the new Illinois commission law; with quotations from court de- 
 cisions on regulation. 
 
 Wherry, W. M. , Jr. Four pubhc utilities laws analyzed : Illinois, 
 Indiana, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. ?, 1913. 91 pp. 
 Each law analyzed separately by sections. 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Arnold, B. J. City transportation: subways and railroad ter- 
 minals. Journal of the Western Society of Engineers, xix, 
 
 325-347 (1914). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 347-368. An account of a study made for the city of 
 Chicago; illustrated with many diagrams. 
 
 Foundation principles in valuation. Electric Railway 
 
 Journal, xlvi, 713-719, 803-806 (1915). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Foundation principles of utility valuation with special 
 
 application to plans for resettlement. Aera, iv, 189-214 
 
 (1915)- 
 Abstract. 
 
 Foundation principles of utility valuation with special 
 
 application to resettlement plans. Proc, American Electric 
 Railway Association, 1915: 139-187. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 188-198. Notes on Chicago traction resettlement: 
 pp. 169-173; with charts. 
 
 HISTORY OP UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 
 
 ss 
 
 Chicago — continued. 
 
 Arnold, B. J., Fleming, H. B., and Weston, George. Phases 
 in the development of the street railways of Chicago. Journal 
 of the Western Society of Engineers, xiv, 641-668 (1909). 
 
 An historical sketch. B. J. Arnold: pp. 641-646. 
 
 Street railway car house design and operation. H. B. Fleming: pp. 646- 
 
 652. 
 Work of the Board of supervising engineers. George Weston: pp. 653- 
 
 668. 
 Discussion: pp. 668-672. 
 
 Report on the engineering and operating features of the 
 
 Chicago transportation problem. New York, 1905. 3 vols. 
 " Report to Chicago city council." 
 
 Bard, E. F. The street railways of Chicago: accoimtant's re- 
 port. Municipal Affairs, v, 484-594 (1901). 
 
 Bemis, E. W. Report upon the price of gas in Chicago for the 
 Chicago council committee on gas, oil, and electric light. 
 Chicago, 191 1. 31 pp. 
 Includes many tables of statistics. 
 
 Commons, J. R. Economic and social factors in Chicago mu- 
 nicipal lighting. Municipal Affairs, vi, 109-115 (1902). 
 
 An historical analysis, with conclusions favorable to municipal owner* 
 ship ; includes tables of statistics. 
 
 Darrow, C. S. The Chicago traction question. International 
 
 Quarterly, xii, 13-22 (1905). 
 
 History of street railways in Chicago, and of the municipal ownership 
 movement. 
 
 Deacx)n, W. G. The Chicago traction plan. Public Service, 
 
 xiii, 165-172 (1912). 
 
 Describes municipal control by engineering boards. Discusses the 
 history of traction service in Chicago; with a map, charts and photo- 
 graphs. 
 
 Dunne, E. F. Mimicipal ownership in Chicago. Moody's 
 
 Magazine, ii, 522-526 (1906). 
 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 Popular, historical account of the attempt to municipalize traction in 
 Chicago. Favors municipal ownership. 
 
S6 
 
 BJBUOGRAPBY OF MUNICIPAL VTIUTIES 
 
 HISTORY OF VTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 
 
 57 
 
 i 
 
 Chicago — continued. 
 
 Ellicott, E. B. Chicago's experience with municipal lighting. 
 
 Municipal Affairs, vi, 815-820 (1903). 
 
 Popular historical and analytical treatment. 
 
 Chicago's lighting plant: its progress under municipal 
 
 ownership. Municipal Engineering, xx, 33-35 (1901). 
 Abstract. An account of the results of municipal ownership in Chicago; 
 
 the writer favoring municipalization. 
 
 Municipal electric lighting in Chicago. Engineering Record, 
 
 xliii, 176-180(1901). 
 
 Brief abstract of a report of thirteen years' operation. 
 
 The Robert A. Waller municipal lighting plant. Journal 
 
 of the Western Society of Engineers, v, 566-569 (1900). 
 Discussion: pp. 569-570. A brief engineering description. 
 
 Thirteen years' experience with municipal street lighting 
 
 at Chicago, HI. Engineering News, xlv, 317 (1901). 
 
 Very brief abstract of a report of thirteen years' operation. 
 Fairlie, J. A. The Chicago street railways: a supplementary 
 
 note. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxii, 476-479 (1908). 
 
 Supplementary to " The street railway question m Chicago." 
 
 The street railway question in Chicago. Quarterly Journal 
 
 of Economics, xxi, 370-403 (1907). 
 A thorough historical study. 
 
 {In Essays in municipal administration. New York, 
 
 1908.) 230-261. 
 Reprint. 
 
 Fay, C. N. The city gets fifty-five per cent. Outlook, xcii, 407- 
 
 413 (1909). 
 
 A very popular account of the Chicago traction settlement, by which 
 55 per cent of gross earnings are paid to the city. 
 
 Grosser, H. S. Chicago. Annals of the American Academy of 
 
 Political and Social Science, xxvii, 202-206 (1906). 
 
 In The relation of the American municipalities to the gas and electric 
 
 light supply: a symposium. 
 Very brief description of the services. 
 
 The movement for mimicipal ownership in Chicago. Annals 
 
 of the American Academy of Political and Sodal Science, 
 
 xxvii, 72-90 (1906). 
 
 Somewhat detailed historical account. 
 
 Chicago — continued. 
 
 Heilman, R. E. The Chicago subway problem. Journal of 
 
 Political Economy, xxii, 992-1005 (1914). 
 
 A discussion of recent subway franchise history in Chicago. 
 
 Chicago traction: a study of the efforts of the public to 
 
 secure good service. Publications, American Economic Asso- 
 ciation, 3d series, ix, 313-443 (1908). 
 
 Thorough historical study of Chicago traction, franchises and the munic- 
 ipal ownership movement. 
 
 Hodge, W. H. The Conmionwealth Edison company. Public 
 Service, iv, 131-144 (1908). 
 Description, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 HoTCHKiss, W. E. Chicago traction: a study in political evolu- 
 tion. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xxviii, 385-404 (1906). 
 
 Recent phases of Chicago's transportation problem. Annals 
 
 of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 
 xxxi, 85-95 (1908). 
 
 Franchise history in 1907. Supplementary to his " Chicago traction: 
 a study in political evolution." 
 
 Lamb, L. A. The status of the Chicago traction problem. Elec- 
 tric Railway Review, xvi, 390-392 (1906). 
 Current history, based on a recent court decision. 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. (ed.) The street railways of Chicago. Chicago ? 
 1901. 160 pp. 
 
 Reprinted from Municipal Affairs. 
 
 Analysis of financial operations. M. R. Maltbie. 7-49. 
 
 Accountant's rejx)rt. E. F. Bard. 50-160. 
 
 The street railways of Chicago : analysis of financial opera- 
 tions. Municipal Affairs, v, 441-483 (1901). 
 
 Marston, Glenn. Gas rates and politics in Chicago. Public 
 Service, x, 72-74 (191 1). 
 
 Mead, D. W. The cost of furnishing water with reference to 
 rates and rate making. Proc, American Waterworks Asso- 
 ciation, XXX, 92-96 (1910). 
 
 Discussion : pp. 96-109. A brief comparison and discussion of the water 
 rates of private and municipal supply in Chicago, 1901-1902; in- 
 cludes tables of statistics. 
 
58 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Chicago — continued. 
 
 MiLLis, H. A. The present street raUway situation in Chicago. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science, xx, 356-367 (1902). 
 
 Chiefly franchise history. 
 
 OssosKi, Sidney. The basis of valuation in case of municipal 
 purchase of street railways. Electric Railway Journal, xxxvi, 
 999-1000 (1910). 
 Procedure at Cleveland and Chicago used for illustration. 
 
 The Chicago plan of street railway supervision and control. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xxxvi, 218-220 (1910). 
 A critical account of the franchise and ordinance provisions. 
 
 Palmer, Ray. Municipal lighting rates. Annals of the American 
 Academy of Political and Social Science, Ivii, 33-44 (1915). 
 
 Discussion of how to compare electric lighting rates of diflFerent cities; 
 includes tables of electric rates in Chicago, with some discussion. 
 
 Street lighting rates and cost factors. American City, xi, 
 
 462-466 (1914). 
 
 Abstract of his " Municipal lighting rates." 
 
 Rex, Frederic. Chicago. Annals of the American Academy 
 
 of Political and Social Science, xxx, 557-562 (1907). 
 
 ^» The relation of the municipality to the water supply: a symposium. 
 Brief historical and descriptive account of the water service. 
 
 Sixes, G. C. Chicago's struggle for freedom from traction rule. 
 Outlook, Ixxxii, 748-753 (1906). 
 
 The relation of Chicago to public service corporations. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xxxi, 155-160 (1908). 
 Brief account of the services. 
 
 ToLMAN, E. B. Chicago's traction question. World Today, ix, 
 1181-1187 (1905); X, 637-645 (1906). 
 
 A full popular account of traction franchise history in Chicago; illus- 
 trated with photographs. 
 
 Weston, George. Supervising engineers and street railway 
 service: the value of a board of supervising engineers in se- 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 59 
 
 Chicago — continued. 
 
 curing efficient street railway service. Annals of the American 
 Academy of Political and Social Science, xxxvii, 191-202 
 (1911). 
 Chiefly historical. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. How the Chicago and Cleveland street railway 
 settlements are working out. National Municipal Review, i, 
 630-638 (1912). 
 A good analysis. 
 
 Engineering News, Ixviii, 526-529 (191 2). 
 
 The street railway settlement franchises of Chicago and 
 
 Cleveland. {In Municipal franchises. New York, 191 1.) 
 
 ii, 141-191. 
 
 A thorough historical study. 
 
 Galena 
 
 Thompson, H. A. Galena's experience with ownership. Public 
 Service, v, 91-92 (1908). 
 
 Galesburg 
 
 Hodge, W. H. Ownership that does not pay. Public Service, 
 iv, 99-104 (1908). 
 Description and anal5rsis of results; with photographs. 
 
 Lake Forest 
 
 Alvord, J. W. A cooperative waterworks franchise. Proc., 
 American Waterworks Association, xxx, 110-118 (1910). 
 Discussion: pp. 1 18-122. An account of the main features of an ordi- 
 nance in Lake Forest. A part of the net profits go to a sinking hind 
 for municipal purchase of the property. 
 
 Peoria 
 
 Perry, H. S. A city that sold its waterworks. Public Service, 
 iv, 21 (1908). 
 
 A popular historical sketch of the plant under municipal and private 
 ownership. 
 
 Springfield 
 
 Smith, J. E. Experiments at Springfield, lU. PubUc Service, i, 
 104-106 (1906). 
 
6o 
 
 BIBUOGRAPBY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 HISTORY OF UTILITIES AND OF REGULATION 
 
 6i 
 
 ! I 
 
 '1 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Duncan, T. C. Purposes and methods of the Indiana utility 
 act. IndianapoKs, 19 13. 17 pp. 
 
 (jORDON, F. G. R. Municipal ownership failures in Indiana. 
 
 Concerning Municipal Ownership, ix, 127-128 (1916). 
 Madison, Marion and Miincie. 
 
 McReynolds, T. C. State supervision of public utilities. Public 
 Service, ix, 105-108 (1910). 
 Argument in favor of a public service commission for Indiana. 
 
 Wherry, W. M., Jr. Four pubUc utilities laws analyzed: Illi- 
 nois, Indiana, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. ?, 1913. 
 91pp. 
 Each law analyzed separately by sections. 
 
 Crawfordsville 
 
 Brown, C. C. Some new provisions in a proposed franchise for 
 a municipal public service corporation. Proc, American 
 Society of Municipal Improvements, 1909: 274-288. 
 A reprint of the franchise ordinance, with some discussion. 
 
 Fort Wayne 
 
 Williams, F. H. Fort Wayne's municipal lighting plant. Mu- 
 nicipal Journal and Engineer, xxvi, 285-289 (1909). 
 A description, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Indianapolis 
 
 Brown, C. C. How a private gas company at Indianapolis is 
 
 controlled in the public interest. Engineering News, Ix, 674- 
 
 675(1908). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 A modem municipal franchise. Proc, American Society 
 
 of Municipal Improvements, 1908 : 20-26. 
 On the franchise of the Citizens' gas company. 
 
 Municipal Engineering, xxxv, 306-309 (1908). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Forrest, J. D. A new plan for the control of quasi-public works. 
 American Journal of Sociology, iii, 837-847 (1898). 
 Discussion of the plan of A. F. Potts for a gas trust managed in the in- 
 terests of the public. Reviews the history of its application in In- 
 dianapolis. 
 
 Indianapolis — continued. 
 
 Goodrich, J. P. The public welfare and the holding company. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science, Ivii, 323-334 (1915)- 
 
 Includes, for illustration, history in Indianapolis. 
 
 Jones, W. H. Public services of Indianapolis. Public Service, i, 
 41-51 (1906). 
 
 Each kind of utility service described separately, with photographs. 
 McMath, T. B. Description of the street railway system, in- 
 cluding interurban terminal plants. Proc, American Society 
 of Municipal Improvements, 1903: 105-109. 
 
 Potts, A. F. A successful substitute for municipal ownership. 
 
 Municipal Engineering, xiv, 181-187 (1898). 
 An account of the Consumers' gas trust of Indianapolis. 
 
 American Monthly Review of Reviews, xx, 576-578 
 
 (1899). 
 
 Knightstown 
 
 Sutton, W. E. Ownership in a small conununity. Public Ser- 
 vice, iii, 133-134 (1907). 
 
 On municipal ownership of electric light and waterworks plants in 
 Knightstown. 
 
 Logansport 
 
 Gardner, H. M. Discord in municipal ownership. Public Ser- 
 vice, v, 40-41 (1908). 
 Current history. 
 
 Electric plant of Logansport, Ind. Public Service, ii, 77-80 
 
 (1907). 
 
 A brief sketch of mimicipal ownership history. 
 
 LoFTUS, D. J. Logansport, Indiana, electric light department. 
 Proc, National Conference for Grood City Government, 1906: 
 254-256. 
 Very brief historical sketch. 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Ddcon, F. H. State railroad control: with a history of its de- 
 velopment in Iowa. New York, 1896 ? 250 pp. 
 An excellent study of the history of railroad legislation and commission 
 regulation in Iowa; of interest for all public utilities. 
 
62 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 itt! 
 
 Downey, E. H. Regulation of urban utilities in Iowa. Iowa 
 City, 191 2. 174 pp. 
 Iowa applied history series, i, no. 3. 
 
 Ch. i. The need of regulating urban utilities, 
 ii. The failure of local regulation, 
 iii. The appropriate organ of state regulation, 
 iv. Public service commissions in the United States. 
 V. Urban utility regtdation in Iowa, 
 vi. Suggestions for effective utility regulation. 
 An excellent, thoroughly annotated study of the general principles of 
 public utility regulation, regulation in the United States and lowa^s 
 experience. 
 
 Cedar Rapids 
 
 Lazell, F. J. Municipalizing a water plant. Public Service, iii, 
 135-136 (1907)- 
 
 Des Moines 
 
 Hanna, J. R. Des Moines' street railway franchise. Utilities 
 
 Magazine, i, no. 6, 25-26 (191 6). 
 
 On franchise litigation. 
 
 Jenkins, W. C. Des Moines* utilities. Public Service, xvi, 85- 
 93(1914). 
 History of ten years* litigation, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Dubuque 
 
 McLean, Charles. Dubuque's public ownership predicament. 
 Public Service, i, 53-54 (1906). 
 
 Iowa City 
 
 Dunlap, J. H. The water meter rates of Iowa City. Water and 
 
 Gas Review, xxvi, 20-23 (191 6). 
 
 Abstract. The resiilts of an investigation for the city council of a pro- 
 posed rate schedule; with tables. 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Marston, a. The valuation for dty purchase of the property 
 of the Waterloo (la.) waterworks co. Engineering News, 
 
 hd, 424-425 (1909)- 
 Includes tables of data. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 63 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Ferrin, a. W. Blue sky legislation. Moody's Magazine, xv, 
 
 221-226 (1913). 
 
 A popular but interesting discussion of the Kansas law; including a 
 proposed model bill. 
 
 Kansas City 
 
 Morgan, P. W. Municipal water and light plant of Kansas 
 
 City, Kansas. Municipal Engineering, xlviii, 284-285 (1915). 
 
 History and some discussion; illustrated with photographs. 
 
 WooTAN, J. B. Kansas City, Kansas, m. o. light plant is crowd- 
 ing Cleveland as prize failure. Public Service, xx, 38-40 
 (1916). 
 Analysis of operating results. 
 
 Sylvan Grove 
 
 Seng, A. W. Selling water at a profit. Municipal Engineering, 
 
 xliv, 580^582 (1913). 
 
 A description of the Sylvan Grove municipal water and light plant. 
 
 Topeka 
 
 Smucker, L. L. Topeka's unsuccessful lighting plant. Public 
 Service, i, 79-80 (1906). 
 
 Kentucky 
 Henderson 
 
 Dannettell, G. W. Gas ownership in a Kentucky dty. Public 
 Service, iii, 77-79 (1907). 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 Donaldsonville 
 
 IVENS, E. M. Donaldsonville, La., electric light and water- 
 works plant. Power, xxxix, 432-435 (1914). 
 An engineering description, illustrated with photographs and diagrams. 
 
 New Orleans 
 
 Dodge, L. A. The public belt railroad of New Orleans. Ameri- 
 can City, V, 328-331 (191 1). 
 A brief account, with one photograph. 
 
64 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 New Orleans — continued. 
 
 Earl, G. G. Water rates. Proc, American Waterworks Asso- 
 ciation, xxxi, 173-189 (1911). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 18^216. A somewhat elementary discussion of prin- 
 ciples, with an analysis of rates for New Orleans for illustration. 
 
 McLouGHLiN, J. J. New Orleans. Annals of the American 
 Academy of Political and Social Science, xxvii, 21 1-2 13 
 
 (1906). 
 
 In The relation of the American municipalities to the gas and electric 
 
 light supply: a symposium. 
 
 Very brief description of the services. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 
 Social Science, xxx, 580-582 (1907). 
 
 In The relation of the municipality to the water supply: a symposium. 
 
 Very brief historical and descriptive accoimt of the water service. 
 
 Wolff, Solomon. Public service corporations of New Orleans. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xxxi, 96-104 (1908). 
 Descriptive. 
 
 Opelousas 
 
 Jones, A. C. Light and water plant of Opelousas, Louisiana. 
 
 Municipal Engineering, xlvii, 202-206 (1914)- 
 
 A popular historical account of operation and management difficulties; 
 with one photograph. 
 
 Opelousas' municipal lighting plant. Power, xli, 41-42 
 
 (1915)- 
 
 Description of the plant, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Maryland 
 Baltimore 
 Burnett, Douglass. Differential gas rates in Baltimore. Gas 
 
 Age,xxxvii, 137-140 (1916). 
 
 Semi-technical; with a niunber of charts. 
 
 Ford, H. J. Baltimore. Annals of the American Academy of 
 Political and Social Science, xxx, 567-569 (1907). 
 In The relation of the municipality to the water supply: a symposium. 
 Brief historical and descriptive account of the water service. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 6$ 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Adams, A. D. Cost of light in municipal and private gas and 
 electric plants. Municipal Engineering, xxiii, 160-164 (1902). 
 A statistical comparison of the cost in Massachusetts. 
 
 Equipment and operation of municipal electric light plants 
 
 in Massachusetts. Municipal Engineering, xxiii, 434-436 
 
 (1902). 
 
 An historical statistical study. 
 
 Gas versus electricity. Electrical World and Engineer, 
 
 xxxviii, 676-678 (1901). 
 
 Discussion of the relative amounts of business done by gas and electric 
 
 companies. Massachusetts used for illustration; includes tables and 
 
 a chart. 
 
 Investments and earnings of municipal electric plants. 
 
 Municipal Engineering, xxiv, 344-348 (1903). 
 A comparison of municipal and private plants in Massachusetts, with 
 tables of statistics. 
 
 , and Pritchard, C. F. Massachusetts electricity works. 
 
 (In National Civic Federation. Mimidpal and private opera- 
 tion of public utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 
 909-1213. 
 
 Municipal gas and electric plants in Massachusetts. Jour- 
 nal of Political Economy, x, 214-229 (1902). 
 Historical and analytical treatment; with tables. 
 
 Political Science Quarterly, xvii, 247-255 (1902). 
 
 The New York and Massachusetts commissions of gas and 
 
 electricity. Electrical World and Engineer, xlvi, 97-98 (1905) . 
 
 Regulation of electric rates in Massachusetts. Electrical 
 
 World and Engineer, xlvi, 391-392, 442-443» 484-486 (1905)- 
 Gives the facts and rulings in various cases before the conunission, with- 
 out discussion. 
 
 Regulation of gas and electric rates in Massachusetts. 
 
 Electrical World and Engineer, xlvi, 310-311, 348-349 (i90S)- 
 Gives the facts and rulings in various gas rate cases before the conmiis- 
 sion, without discussion. 
 
66 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Allen, W. S. Street railway franchises in Massachusetts. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xxvii, 91-110 (1906). 
 Detailed historical account. 
 
 Street railways: development of street railways in the 
 
 commonwealth of Massachusetts. ?, 1899 ? 26 pp. 
 
 Battey, C. T. Electric freight in Massachusetts. Aera, ii, 
 236-240 (1913). 
 An historical sketch, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Beandeis, L. D. The experience of Massachusetts in street 
 railways. Mimicipal Affairs, vi, 721-729 (1903). 
 
 Bullock, C. J. Control of the capitalization of public service 
 corporations in Massachusetts. Publications, American Eco- 
 nomic Association, 3d series, x, 384-415 (1909). 
 Discussion: pp. 415-430. A good description of the Massachusetts 
 method, and the reasons therefor. 
 
 Calkins, Grosvenor. The Massachusetts anti-stock-watering 
 law. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxii, 640-645 (1908). 
 A brief account of the act of 1908. 
 
 Eastman, J. B. The public service commission of Massachu- 
 setts. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxvii, 699-707 (1913). 
 
 An historical discussion, with an account of the powers of the new com- 
 mission. 
 
 The public utiliries commissions of Massachusetts. Proc, 
 
 National Conference for Good City Government, 1908: 288- 
 
 307. 
 
 A discussion of the conmiissions and their work. 
 
 {In King, C. L. The regulation of municipal utilities. 
 
 New York, 191 2.) 276-295. 
 Revised reprint. 
 
 Friedman, H. G. The taxation of corporations in Massachu- 
 setts. Columbia University Studies in History, Economics 
 and Public Law, xxvii, 405-577 (1907). 
 Taxation of public service corporations: pp. 502-535. 
 
 Gray, J. H. Competition and capitalization as controlled by the 
 Massachusetts gas commission. Quarterly Journal of Eco- 
 nomics, xv, 254-276 (1901). 
 
 HISTORY OF UTILITIES AND OF REGULATION 67 
 
 Gray, J. H. The difficulties of control as illustrated in the his- 
 tory of gas companies. Annals of the American Academy of 
 Political and Social Science, 1900: supplement, 33-59. 
 
 Mainly a discussion of the history of Massachusetts gas companies and 
 their combination. 
 
 The gas commission of Massachusetts. Quarterly Journal 
 
 of Economics, xiv, 509-536 (1900). 
 Historical study. 
 
 McGrath, D. J. Actual returns in the past. Aera, iv, 714-722 
 
 (1915). 
 
 In Topical discussion on rate of return on electric railway capital. 
 
 History in Massachusetts, with diagrams. An interesting study. 
 
 Return on Massachusetts investment. Electric Railway 
 
 Journal, xlvii, 256-259 (1916). 
 Abstract; illustrated with charts. 
 
 Marks, W. D. Capitalization, assets and profits of Massachu- 
 setts gas companies. {In Practical rate making and appraise- 
 ment. South Hadley, 1914 ?) 252-269. 
 A statistical study, with tables. 
 
 The cost of electricity. Electrical World, Ivi, 265-269 
 
 (1910). 
 
 Supplementary to his " The price of electricity." 
 
 The price of electricity. Electrical World, liv, 555-559 
 
 (1909). 
 
 An interesting technical argument for the use of the Marks sliding scale; 
 includes tables and charts of Massachusetts experience, and formulae. 
 
 Ripley, W. Z. The capitalization of public service corporations. 
 
 Quarterly Journal of Economics, xv, 106-137 (1900). 
 
 A thorough, fully annotated study; discusses railroads only, but is of 
 some interest for other utilities. Considerable attention is paid to 
 practice in Massachusetts. 
 
 ScovELL, C. H. A report on the policies and administrative work 
 
 of the commissions regulating public service companies in 
 
 Massachusetts. Boston, 191 1. 45 pp. 
 
 Report to the governor of Massachusetts. 
 
 Chiefly of historical interest. The writer recommends a single public 
 utility conmiission to secure uniformity and more expert service. 
 
1 i' 
 
 68 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OP MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 \ Y 
 
 ll|i 
 
 III 
 
 II 
 
 Wamlen, B. W. The state and the street railway: one success- 
 ful solution of the problem of their mutual relations. Green 
 Bag, xvii, 33-42 (1905). 
 
 An historical and descriptive account of the Massachusetts system of 
 traction regulation. 
 
 Wrightington, S. R. Taxation of "guaranteed" stock in 
 
 Massachusetts. Green Bag, xxiv, 8-17 (191 2). 
 
 An account of an attempt of the Boston and Maine railroad to dodge 
 bond taxation by issuing '^ guaranteed stock." 
 
 AtUehorough 
 
 Beckhard, Bruno. Attleborough, an object lesson. Arena, xl, 
 
 100-104 (1908). 
 
 A popular article, composed chiefly of quotations from the current 
 reports. 
 
 Boston 
 
 Adams, A. D. The first electric light plant in Boston. Electrical 
 
 World and Engineer, xxxvi, 954 (1900). 
 
 Descriptive. 
 
 Brandeis, L. D. How Boston solved the gas problem. Ameri- 
 can Review of Reviews, xxxvi, 594-598 (1907). 
 On the application of the sliding scale to the Boston gas companies. 
 
 Brush, M. C. A great dty system. Aera, ii, 36-45 (1913). 
 
 An account of the history and development of the Boston elevated rail- 
 way company, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 CoNANT, W. B. Mimicipal water plant derives income from 
 
 water power. Mimidpal Engineering, xlix, 117 (1915). 
 
 An account of the sale of power from the Sudbury station of the Boston 
 metropolitan waterworks. 
 
 Gray, J. H. The control of quasi-public enterprises. Boston, 
 1906. 20 pp. 
 An historical account of the gas supply in Boston; popular. 
 
 The gas supply of Boston. Quarterly Journal of Eco- 
 nomics, xii, 419-446 (1898); xiii, 15-44 (1898); xiii, 292-313 
 (1899); xiv, 87-120 (1899). 
 An historical study. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 69 
 
 Boston — continued. 
 
 Hamlen, E. W. Glasgow and its municipal tramways. Moody's 
 Magazine, ii, 652-655 (1906). 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 A brief comparison of Glasgow and Boston traction, favoring private 
 ownership. 
 
 Hartwell, E. M. Boston. Annals of the American Academy 
 of Political and Social Science, xxvii, 207-208 (1906). 
 In The relation of the American municipalities to the gas and electric 
 light supply: a symposium. 
 Very brief description of the services. 
 
 HuNGERFORD, Edward. Rapid transit m Boston and vicinity. 
 Electric Railway Review, xvii, 709-712 (1907). 
 An engineering description with discussion of plans for future extensions; 
 illustrated with photographs and a map. 
 
 MooRE, L. E. The Cambridge subway. Engineering News, 
 
 Ixvi, 187-195 (1912). 
 
 Description of engineering features, illustrated with photographs. 
 PiNANSKi, A. E. The street railway system of metropolitan 
 
 Boston. New York, 1908. 58 pp. 
 
 History of traction franchises; a thorough study. 
 
 Richards, J. L. The Boston consolidated gas company: its 
 relation to the public, its employees and investors. Annals 
 of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 
 xxxi, 59-^5 (1908). 
 
 A brief historical account; including a table of the prices paid for gas 
 in Boston from 1828 to 1907. 
 
 History of the gas industry of Boston. Public Service, x, 
 
 47-48(1911). 
 
 Discusses chiefly the improvement in relations with the public under 
 new management. 
 
 WmxTEN, R. H. The Boston sliding scale plan. (/« Regulation 
 of public service companies in Great Britain. New York, 
 1914.) 186-203. 
 
 Wilcox, D.F. Municipal franchises: a description of the terms 
 and conditions upon which private corporations enjoy special 
 privileges in the streets of American cities. New York, 1910- 
 191 1. 2 vols. 
 The sliding scale, Boston, i, pp. 57-58, 560-564. 
 
70 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OP MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 7 1 
 
 ; I 
 
 i ]■ 
 
 ilii 
 
 Boston — continued. 
 
 WiNSLOw, WiLLARD. Boston's ncw subway. Municipal Affairs, 
 
 V, 427-432(1901). 
 
 Popular historical account of the mtmicipal subway. 
 
 Woods, R. A., and Eastman, J. B. The Boston franchise con- 
 test. Outlook, Ixxxiiy 835-841 (1906). 
 
 Wrightington, E. N. The sliding scale method of regulating 
 public service corporations. Proc., National Conference for 
 Good City Government, 1910: 103-108. 
 A popular account of the sliding scale applied to Boston gas companies. 
 
 The sliding scale method of regulation as applied to gas 
 
 companies in Massachusetts. {In King, C. L. The regula- 
 tion of municipal utilities. New York, 191 2.) 99-102. 
 Revised reprint. 
 
 Great Barrington 
 
 Adams, A. D. A large lighting load in a small town. Electric 
 
 Age, xxxvi, 445-446 (1906). 
 
 An historical sketch of electric lighting in Great Barrington. 
 
 Holyoke 
 
 Adams, A. D. The Holyoke case. Quarterly Journal of Eco- 
 nomics, xvii, 643-668 (1903). 
 
 The writer asserts that municipal ownership was forced on Holyoke by 
 a court decision, and that as a result an unreasonably high purchase 
 price was paid. 
 
 Marston, Glenn. Holyoke's municipal lighting finances. Con- 
 cerning Mimicipal Ownership, iii, 87-89 (1908). 
 
 TiGHE, J. L. Water consumption, waste and meter rates. Proc., 
 
 American Waterworks Association, xxviii, 69-84 (1907). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 85-103. On the experience of Holyoke; with tables 
 and charts. 
 
 North Brookfield 
 
 Powell, F. W. Two experiments in public ownership of steam 
 
 railroads. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxiii, 137-150 
 
 (1908). 
 
 Troy, N. Y., and North Brookfield, Mass. 
 
 The writer states that the first was a failure; the second a success. 
 
 Spencer 
 
 Plattner, William. Spencer's modem street lighting contract. 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 5, 28-29 (1916). 
 
 Taunton 
 
 Adams, A. D. The largest mimicipal electric plant in New Eng- 
 land. Electrical Review and Western Electrician, xlvi, 363- 
 367 (1905). 
 Engineering description, illustrated with photographs and diagrams. 
 
 Worcester 
 
 Marks, W. D. The law of demand for electricity: reduction of 
 price increases profits. {In Practical rate making and ap- 
 praisement. South Hadley, 1914 ?) 200-214. 
 Chiefly an analysis of electric rates in Worcester. 
 
 Michigan 
 
 Shields, R. H. Railroad taxation problems. State and Local 
 
 Taxation, 19 10: 231-241. 
 
 A good discussion of problems in Michigan, with suggested remedies. Of 
 interest for all public utilities. 
 
 Railway taxation. State and Local Taxation, 1908: 263- 
 
 269. 
 
 Extracts from paper before Minnesota academy of social science. 
 
 The taxation of corporate property as seen in the taxation 
 
 of Michigan railroads. Proc, Minnesota Academy of Social 
 
 Science, i, 40-58 (1907). 
 
 An historical account, of some general interest. 
 
 Williams, W. H. Railway capital and values. Railroad Age 
 Gazette, xlvi, 761-762, 805-808, 845-846, 903-905 (1909). 
 On the valuation of Michigan railroads. 
 
 Detroit 
 
 Bemis, E. W. Detroit's efforts to own her street railways. Mu- 
 nicipal Affairs, iii, 473-490 (1899). 
 
 Daly, W. M. Public lighting plant of Detroit, Mich. Proc, 
 American Society of Mimicipal Improvements, 1907: 109- 
 
 "5. 
 
 A brief historical sketch and analysis of results 
 
I' 
 
 f 
 
 ■'*■ i 
 
 72 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL VTIUTIES 
 
 #1 
 
 
 Detroit — continued. 
 
 Davis, R. K. The street railway situation in Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Proc, American Society of Municipal Improvements, 1906: 
 
 157-163. 
 
 An historical sketch. 
 
 Deacon, W. G. Detroit politics halts development. Public 
 Service, xii, 125-128 (191 2). 
 Traction history in Detroit. 
 
 De Gonzega, a. Detroit's street railway problem. Moody's 
 Magazine, ii, 390-392 (1906). 
 Comments on the existing situation. 
 
 Fairlie, J. A. Municipal electric lighting in Detroit. Municipal 
 
 Affairs, iv, 606-613 (1900). 
 
 Brief statistical analysis and comparison with other cities, favorable to 
 municipal ownership under the existing conditions. 
 
 (In Essays in municipal administration. New York, 
 
 1908.) 219-229. 
 Revised reprint. 
 
 Fenkell, G. H. Description of Detroit waterworks. Proc., 
 Central States Waterworks Association, 191 2: 128-135. 
 A popular account, with an historical sketch. 
 
 FuLLERTON, Irwin. Do low fares increase riding ? Electric 
 Railway Journal, xliii, 770 (1914). 
 
 An account of a fare reduction experiment made by the Detroit imited 
 railway company. 
 
 Hayden, J. C. The street railway situation in Detroit. Utilities 
 Magazine, i, no. 5, 31-32 (191 6). 
 
 Ingram, F.F. Municipal lighting in Detroit. Municipal Affairs, 
 vi, 823-825 (1903). 
 
 Mimicipal operation in Detroit. Proc., National C<m- 
 
 ference for Good City Government, 1906: 249-253. 
 
 Brief analysis of the results of the municipal lighting plant, the writer 
 favoring municipalization. 
 
 Should the people or the corporations light out cities ? 
 
 Arena, xxx, 392-400 (1903). 
 
 An argument for municipal ownership, illustrated by a comparison of 
 mimicipal and private management in Detroit. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 73 
 
 Detroit — continued. 
 
 Leake, Paul. The street railway situation in Detroit. Proc, 
 
 National Conference for Good City Government, 1910: 120- 
 
 141. 
 
 A good review of franchise history and terms. 
 
 LocKWOOD, J. E. Analysis of municipal electric lighting in 
 
 Detroit. Municipal Affairs, vi, 825-834 (1903). 
 
 A detailed statistical analysis, the conclusions being favorable to mu- 
 nicipal ownership. 
 
 Moore, Charles. Electric lighting in the city of Detroit. Publi- 
 cations, American Economic Association, ii, 539-550 (1888). 
 
 In The relation of modem mimicipaUties to quasi-pubUc works. 
 Historical. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. The control of public service corporations in 
 Detroit. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, xxxi, 42-58 (1908). 
 Largely historical, with considerable franchise discussion. 
 
 Detroit. Annals of the American Academy of Political 
 
 and Social Science, xxx, 582-585 (1907). 
 
 In The relation of the municipaUty to the water supply: a symposium. 
 Very brief historical and descriptive account of the water service. 
 
 Wilson, Thomas. Detroit's municipal lighting plant. Power, 
 xl, 832-835 (1914). 
 
 A description of the plant, with an historical sketch and operating sta- 
 tistics; illustrated with a photograph and diagram. 
 
 Grand Rapids 
 
 FooTE, Mark. Grand Rapids* municipal water plant. Public 
 Service, ii, 37-40 (1907). 
 An historical sketch; the writer opposes municipal ownership. 
 
 Grand Rapids to quit dty lighting. Public Service, ii, 136- 
 
 137 (1907). 
 
 A brief historical sketch. 
 
 Is a five cent street car fare equitable ? Public Service, ix, 
 
 139-141 (1910). 
 Experience in Grand Rapids. 
 
 ( 
 
!>' 
 
 I 
 
 74 
 
 BIBUOGRAPBY OP MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 m 
 
 \\\ 
 
 ill 
 
 ■I 
 
 III! 
 
 1 1 
 
 ill 
 
 ■ 
 
 . 11' i 
 
 Grand Rapids — continued. 
 
 Wilcox, D.F. Grand Rapids. Annals of the American Academy 
 
 of Political and Social Science, xxvii, 220-222 (1906). 
 
 In The relation of the American municipalities to the gas and electric 
 
 light supply: a symposium. 
 Very brief description of the services. 
 
 Holland 
 
 GoNDEN, H. J. Gas at less than cost. Public Service, xi, 185- 
 
 186(1911). 
 
 An account of conditions in Holland, where the rates allowed under the 
 franchise are claimed to be unprofitable. 
 
 Kalamazoo 
 
 Newbigging, William. The Kalamazoo situation. American 
 
 Gas Light Journal, dii, 38-39 (191 5). 
 
 Abstract of a report to the dty of Kalamazoo. 
 
 A brief analysis of operating results, with tables of statistics. 
 
 Wilson, Thomas. Kalamazoo municipal plant. Power, xli, 
 
 218-224 (19x5). 
 
 An engineering description of the mimicipal street lighting plant, with 
 photographs and diagrams. 
 
 Ypsilanti 
 
 Hatch, W. B . A successful fight for a municipal gas plant. Amer- 
 ican City, xii, 49-52 (1915). 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Gesell, G. a. Minnesota public utility rates: gas, electric, 
 
 water. Minneapolis, 1914. 254 pp. 
 
 University of Minnesota, Current problems, no. 3. 
 By cities, for each service. 
 
 Jones, S. P. The advisability of a state public utilities com- 
 mission for Minnesota. Proc, Minnesota Academy of Social 
 Science, vi, 65-77 (1912). 
 
 The writer favors local commissions for the large cities and a state com- 
 mission having jurisdiction only over rural conmiunities. 
 
 HISTORY OP UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 75 
 
 Duluth 
 
 Case, L. N. Municipal operation in Duluth, Minn. Proc., 
 
 National Conference for Good City Government, 1906: 244- 
 
 248. 
 
 A brief discussion of the history and results of operation of the municipal 
 water and gas plants, the writer favoring municipal 0¥niership. 
 
 JOERNS, W. G. Duluth. Annals of the American Academy of 
 
 Political and Social Science, xxvii, 224-233 (1906). 
 
 In The relation of the American municipalities to the gas and electric 
 light supply: a symposium. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 
 Social Science, xxx, 590-592 (1907). 
 
 In The relation of the municipality to the water supply: a symposium. 
 
 Very brief historical and descriptive account of the water service. 
 
 Minneapolis 
 
 Deacon, W. G. Electric rates for Minneapolis. Public Service, 
 
 V, 107-110 (1908). 
 
 History of the controversy. 
 
 Jones, S. P. Lower gas and electric rates in Minneapolis. 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 5, 29-30 (1916). 
 A very brief account of a current reduction in rates. 
 
 Minneapolis gas settlement. Proc., National Conference 
 
 for Good City Government, 1910: 142-155. 
 A popular historical account. 
 
 The Minneapolis gas settlement: a typical struggle for a 
 
 dty's rights. (In King, C. L. The regulation of municipal 
 utilities. New York, 191 2.) 56-72. 
 Revised reprint. 
 
 Marks, W. D. Recapitulation of report upon the fair and rea- 
 sonable price of a 6.6 ampere magnetite arc light per year. 
 (In Practical rate making and appraisement. South Hadley, 
 1914 ?) 60-113. 
 
 A detailed study of street lighting rates in Minneapolis, with tables of 
 statistics. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Minneapolis gas settlement ordinances. (In 
 Municipal franchises. New York, 191 1.) ii, 811-832. 
 A reprint of the franchise and regulatory ordinances of 1910. 
 
76 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 
 
 77 
 
 
 SL Paul 
 
 Feurtado, R. S. The fair price of gas at St. Paul. Public Ser- 
 vice, iii, 173-179 (1907)- 
 
 Missouri 
 Kansas City 
 Arnold, B. J. Foundation principles in valuation. Electric 
 
 Railway Journal, xlvi, 7i3-7i9> 803-806 (19x5). 
 
 Abstract. 
 Foundation principles of utility valuation with special 
 
 application to plans for resettlement. Aera, iv, 189-214 
 
 (1915). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Foundation principles of utility valuation with special ap- 
 
 I Hi 
 
 plication to resettlement plans. Proc., American Electric 
 Railway Association, 191 5: 139-187. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 188-198. Notes on Kansas City traction resettlement: 
 pp. 174-175; with charts. 
 
 CoBLEiGH, C. F. Early electric railway experiments in Kansas 
 City. Aera, i, 331-335 (1912). 
 Illustrated with two photographs. 
 
 Harzfeld, J. A. The utilities commission of Kansas City, 
 Missouri. (In King, C. L. The regulation of municipal 
 utilities. New York, 191 2.) 219-230. 
 A brief, popular account of the commission and its work. 
 
 Kealy, p. J. The partnership provisions of the Kansas City 
 franchise. Electric Railway Journal, xliv, 691-694 (1914). 
 
 Keith, John. Kansas City's waterworks fiasco. Public Serx-ice, 
 
 1,77-79(1906). 
 
 A brief historical sketch, under private and municipal ownership. 
 
 MuNAGLE, F. J. The Kansas City settlement. Aera, iii, 19-23 
 
 (1914). 
 
 Peters, J. W. S. Kansas City franchise fight. Proc., National 
 Conference for Good City Government, 1910: 156-169. 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 Baldwin, R. N. The St. Louis public service commission. (Jn 
 
 King, C. L. The regulation of municipal utilities. New 
 
 York, 1912.) 231-249. 
 
 A popular account of the commission and its work. 
 
 Beckhard, Bruno. Municipal lighting in St. Louis. Arena, 
 xxxix, 470-472 (1908). 
 A very brief historical sketch. 
 
 Casey, C. C. Municipal lighting at St. Louis. Municipal Jour- 
 nal and Engineer, xxiv, 209-211 (1908). 
 A description of the plants, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 EiSENMENGER, H. E. Graphical analysis of the St. Louis resi- 
 dence rates. Electrical World, lix, 644-645 (191 2). 
 Highly technical and theoretical; with charts. 
 
 Jenkins, W.C. The public utilities of St. Louis. Public Service, 
 xvi, 5-9 (1914). 
 History and description, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Spohrer, H. H. Electric rates. Electrical Review and Western 
 
 Electrician, Ix, 747-748 (191 2). 
 
 On a new schedule of electric rates adopted by the Union electric light 
 and power company of St. Louis, with some discussion; technical. 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 HuRD, E. C. The organization for and methods and results of 
 physical valuation in Nebraska. Engineering and Contract- 
 ing, xxxvi, 694-696 (1911). 
 A general discussion, of Uttle other than historical interest. 
 
 Engineering and Contracting, xxxviii, 136-^38 (191 2). 
 
 Fremont 
 
 Bremers, H. J. , Jr. Municipal light and water plant at Fremont, 
 
 Neb. Municipal Engineering, Ixv, 119-121 (1913). 
 
 A description of the plant, with one photograph. 
 
 Omaha 
 
 Hodge, W. H. Public services of Omaha. Public Service, i, 
 
 3-14 (1906). 
 
 Each kind of utility service described separately, with photograj^. 
 
 I 
 
78 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 m 
 
 t: ':| 
 
 
 I! 3> 
 
 , 
 
 f 
 
 Omaha — continued. 
 
 Mayo, E. W. Omaha's experience. Moody's Magazine, ii, 659- 
 
 662 (1906). 
 
 In Municipal owneiship and operation : symposium. 
 History of mimidpal ownership and accompanying litigation; opposes 
 municipalization. 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 Bergen, Frank. Restrictive legislation against public service 
 corporations in New Jersey. Annals of the American Academy 
 of Political and Sodal Science, xxxi, 125-136 (1908). 
 A discussion of current legislation. 
 
 Daniels, W. M. " Law that has teeth." Public Service Regu- 
 lation, i, 31-32 (1912). 
 An outline of the provisions of the public utility act. 
 
 Hansel, Charles. The valuation of railroads in New Jersey. 
 Engineering Record, bdii, 594-599 (191 1). 
 
 Discusses the valuation of railroads for the purpose of taxation, with 
 brief reference to the experience of other states. Of some interest for 
 municipal utilities. 
 
 New York 
 
 Adams, A. D. The New York and Massachusetts conunissions 
 of gas and electricity. Electrical World and Engineer, xlvi, 
 97-98 (1905). 
 
 Anderson, William. The work of public service commissions, 
 with special reference to the New York commissions. Minne- 
 apolis, 1913. 44 pp. 
 University of Minnesota, Current problems series, no. i. Elementary. 
 
 Blake, H. W. The problem of the five cent fare. Electric Rail- 
 way Journal, xxxvi, 23-27 (1910). 
 
 On the need for higher fares in New Yoik state; with tables and one 
 chart. 
 
 Electric Traction Weekly, vi, 730-734 (1910). 
 
 Bru^RE, Henry. Public utilities regulation in New York. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xxxi, 1-17 (1908). 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 79 
 
 Cawcroft, Ernest. The constitutional convention and New 
 York's fiscal policy. Moody's Magazine, xviii, 183-186 
 
 (1915)- 
 
 On the municipal powers and constitutional changes needed in New 
 York state to aid municipal ownership. 
 
 Coleman, G. S. Special franchise taxation in New York. State 
 and Local Taxation, 1907: 649-654. 
 An analysis of the law and its effect. 
 
 Edwards, H. M. Regulated electric light accoimting. Proc., 
 National Electric Light Association, 191 2 : vol. ii, 106-137. 
 Discussion: pp. 137-148. A critical analysis of the accounting system 
 prescribed by the New York conmiission. Technical. 
 
 Fay, E. p. Assessment and collection of school taxes on property 
 of public service corporations. Proc, New York State Con- 
 ference on Taxation, 191 6: 128-135. 
 On the existing confusion in New York state, and suggested remedies. 
 
 FooTE, A. R. Regulation of public utilities: a comparison of 
 the New York and Wisconsin public utility bills. Columbus, 
 191 1. 36 pp. 
 A detailed comparison of the various clauses; with a short bibliography. 
 
 Ford, F. R. The theory of street railway rate regulation as de- 
 veloped in the Coney Island fare case. Proc, American 
 Street and Interurban Railway Association, 1910: 159-168. 
 Discussion: pp. 169-186. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xxxvi, 752-755 (1910). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Grant, G. R. The New York public service conunission for the 
 second district. (Jn King, C. L. The regulation of municipal 
 utilities. New York, 191 2.) 326-341. 
 Elementary. 
 
 Hall, B. E. Administrative difficulties of the special franchise 
 tax law. Proc, New York State Conference on Taxation, 
 191 I : 177-184. 
 
 Rowland, H. J. A year of "government by commission." 
 
 Outlook, xc, 483-490 (1908). 
 
 A popular, but interesting account of the conunissions' work, with 
 answers to arguments of their opponents. 
 

 8o 
 
 BIBUOGRAPBY OP MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 HISTORY OP UTIUTIES AND OP REGULATION 
 
 8l 
 
 I I 
 '1 
 
 ! ; . 
 
 » 
 
 Hunter, C. F. Commission's electrical testing outfit. Public 
 Service Regulation, i, 333-335 (1912). 
 
 Description of the testing equipment of the New York public service 
 commission for the second district, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 IviNS, W. M., and Mason, H. D. The control of public utilities: 
 in the form of an annotation of the public service commissions 
 law of the state of New York, and covering all important 
 American cases, together with the text of the federal inter- 
 state commerce act and the rapid transit act of New York, 
 with elaborate indexes of the same and numerous comparative 
 notes and cross references to parallel provisions in the several 
 acts. New York, 1908. 1149 pp. 
 A very thorough legal work. 
 
 Kennedy, J. S. The New York public service commissions. 
 Forum, xlviii, 584-595 (191 2). 
 
 Lapp, J. A. Public utilities — control. American Political 
 Science Review, i, 626-638 (1907). 
 
 Analysis and comparison of the New York and Wisconsin conmiission 
 laws. 
 
 Leonard, C. F. Gas service regulation in New York. Public 
 
 Service Regulation, i, 455-458 (191 2). 
 
 Description of the testing equipment and methods of the New York 
 public service conmiission for the second district, illustrated with 
 photographs. 
 
 McClellan, William. Diverted efforts of commissions. Ameri- 
 can Gas Light Journal, civ, 11 8-1 19 (191 6). 
 
 The writer asserts that failure of the New York commissions to properly 
 regulate rates and service has been due to their having too many other 
 duties. 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. The fruits of public regulation in New York. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xxxvii, 170-190 (191 1). 
 
 On the work of the commission, and the service and other improvements 
 resulting. 
 
 Mead, E. S. The public service commission and the investor. 
 
 Lippincott's Monthly Magazine, xc, 764-768 (191 2). 
 
 A popular discussion of the control of capitalization by the New York 
 commissions. 
 
 Osborne, T. M. The New York public service commissions. 
 
 Proc., National Conference for Good City Government, 1908: 
 
 269-287. 
 
 A discussion of the provisions of the law. 
 
 The public service commissions law of New York. At- 
 lantic Monthly, ci, 544-554 (1908). 
 
 The public service conunissions law of New York state. 
 
 Proc., American Political Science Association, iv, 287-304 
 
 (1907). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 324-335. An analysis and discussion of the act. 
 
 The public utility law of New York. (In King, C. L. The 
 
 regulation of mimicipal utilities. New York, 1912.) 318- 
 
 326. 
 
 Revised and reprinted from Proc., National Conference for Good City 
 Government. 
 
 Pollock, H. M. The public service commissions of the state of 
 
 New York. Annals of the American Academy of Political 
 
 and Social Science, xxxi, 11 5-1 24 (1908). 
 
 Stowe, L. B. The public service companies and the people. 
 Outlook, xcv, 515-521 (1910). 
 
 Whitney, F. N. Centralized assessment of public utilities in 
 New York. Proc, New York State Conference on Taxation, 
 1915: 191-201. 
 A discussion of the tax laws now in force and the need of reform. 
 
 Whitney, T. H. The New York City public service commission. 
 
 Proc., American Political Science Association, v, 96-110 
 
 (1908). 
 
 An excellent account of the provisions of the act. 
 
 New York public utilities. Public Service Regulation, i, 
 
 127-128(1912). 
 
 The public service commissions act of New York, Green 
 
 Bag, xix, 412-424 (1907). 
 A detailed analysis of the act. 
 
 Whitten, R. H. The work of the public service commission for 
 the first district. New York. (In Kj^g, C. L. The regulation 
 of mimicipal utiUties. New York, 191 2.) 341-377. 
 Elementary. 
 
82 
 
 BIBUOCRAPBY OP MVmCIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 ■ I 
 
 h 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. The crisis in public service regulation in New 
 
 York. National Municipal Review, iv, 547-563 (1915). 
 
 A very popular historical account of the appointments to the first dis- 
 trict commission. Interesting because of showing the effect of politics 
 on the eflSdency and success of commissions. 
 
 Needed changes in the public service laws of New York. 
 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 2, 14-16 (1915). 
 
 An excellent brief discussion of the division of functions between state 
 and local regulation. 
 
 Public service commission situation in New York. Na- 
 
 tional Municipal Review, v, 307-309 (1916). 
 
 A supplementary note to " The crisis in public service regulation in 
 New York." 
 
 Williams, Harrison. Assessment of railroads and other public 
 service corporations. Proc., New York State Conference on 
 Taxation, 191 1 : 185-191. 
 
 Si I' 
 
 Aiibum 
 
 AcKERMAN, J. W. Municipal electrical conduit system of the 
 dty of Auburn, N. Y. Proc., American Society of Municipal 
 Improvements, 1907: 123-128. 
 A brief historical sketch, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 Richardson, A. C. Buffalo. Annals of the American Academy 
 
 of Political and Social Science, xxx, 571-575 (1907). 
 
 /« The relation of the mimidpality to the water supply: a symposium. 
 Brief historical and descriptive account of the water service. 
 
 Camden 
 
 Phelps, L. F. Municipal lighting plant operated by oil engine. 
 Municipal Engineering, xliv, 311-312 (1913). 
 
 Elmira 
 
 DivEN, J. M. Special fire protection rates and regulations, 
 Elmira, N. Y. Proc., American Waterworks Association, 
 zzvii, 460-462 (1907). 
 Includes the schedule of rates. 
 
 HISTORY OP UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 83 
 
 New York 
 
 Blake, A. D. New York City's power problem. Power, xxxviii, 
 286-290 (1913). 
 
 A description of the Hall of records power plant, which supplies a group 
 of municipal buildings; illustrated with photographs and a diagram. 
 
 BowKER, R. R. The piracy of public franchises. Atlantic 
 Monthly, Ixxxviii, 463-482 (1901). 
 A popular historical account of franchise granting in New York City. 
 
 Municipal AflFairs, v, 886-904 (1901). 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 Brashears, W. F. New York City's subway crisis. Public Ser- 
 vice, x, 69-72 (1911). 
 Discussion of the alternative of a single system or two systems. 
 
 CoLER, B. S. Shall New York own its subways ? New York's 
 debts and assets. Outlook, Ixxix, 934-938 (1905). 
 An account of the financial obstacles to constructing great public works, 
 
 with suggestions for overcoming them; popular. 
 See also R. F. Cutting, " Shall New York own its subways ? " 
 
 Cutting, R.F. Shall New York own its subways ? A calm view 
 of the rapid transit situation. Outlook, bodx, 93 1-934 (1905) . 
 A brief historical sketch of the building of the New York subways, and 
 
 a consideration of the possibility of municipal operation of future 
 
 subways; popular. 
 See also B. S. Coler, " Shall New York own its subways ? " 
 
 Floy, Henry. Appraisals of public utility properties in greater 
 
 New York. (In Valuation of public utility properties. New 
 
 York, 1912.) 218-232. 
 
 Composed largely of tables of valuation results, taken from the reports 
 of the appraisals. 
 
 FooTE, A. R. No government should operate an industry. Mu- 
 nicipal Affairs, i, 245-289 (1897). 
 A reply to E. M. Grout, " New York City should own the gas supply." 
 
 Foster, Roger. The taxation of the elevated raihroads in the 
 city of New York. New York, 1883. 61 pp. 
 Largely composed of quotations from reports and decisions. 
 
 Gaynor, W. J. New York's subway poUcy. Municipal Affairs, 
 V, 433-438(1901). 
 
84 
 
 BIBUOGRAPBY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIBS 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 
 
 8S 
 
 
 11 
 
 nHr 
 
 New York — continued. 
 
 Grout, E. M. New York City should own the gas supply. Mu- 
 nicipal Affairs, i, 225-244 (1897). 
 
 A popular study. 
 
 For a reply, see A. R. Foote, " No government should operate an in- 
 dustry." 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. Analysis of the rapid transit contracts between 
 the city of New York and the Interborough rapid transit com- 
 pany, and the N. Y. municipal railway corporation. New 
 
 York ? 1913. 25 pp. 
 
 Report to the New York public service commission for the first district. 
 
 A century of franchise history. Municipal Affairs, iv, 194- 
 
 206 (1900). 
 
 A summary appended to Gustavus Myers, " History of public franchises 
 in New York City." 
 
 Franchises of electrical corporations in greater New York. 
 
 New York, 191 1. 237 pp. 
 
 Report to the New York public service commission for the first district. 
 
 A very complete, classified study. 
 
 A rapid transit policy for greater New York. Proc, Na- 
 tional Conference for Good City Government, 1909: 390- 
 
 402. 
 
 An historical sketch, with discussion of the work of the rapid transit 
 commission. 
 
 (In King, C. L. The regulation of municipal utilities. 
 
 New York, 191 2.) 120-136. 
 Revised reprint. 
 
 Marks, W. D. Quantity rates for electricity. (In Practical 
 rate making and appraisement. South Hadley, 1914 ?) ii4~ 
 
 143- 
 
 Discusses chiefly electric rates in New York City. A detailed study, 
 with many tables and charts. 
 
 Monroe, R. G. City of New York. Annals of the American 
 Academy of Political and Social Science, xxvii, 200-202 
 
 (1906). 
 
 In The relation of the American mimidpalities to the gas and electric 
 
 light supply: a symposium. 
 Very brief description of the services. 
 
 New York — continued. 
 
 Monroe, R. G. The gas, electric light, water and street railway 
 services in New York City. Annals of the American Academy 
 of Political and Social Science, xxvii, 111-119 (1906). 
 Descriptive and historical account, by class of service. 
 
 MoNTONY, L. G. The Ninety-sixth street power station of the 
 Metropolitan street railway company of New York City. 
 Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, xliv, 1 19-142 
 (1900). 
 A technical engineering description, with diagrams and photographs. 
 
 Murphy, J. J. Franchise grants in New York City. Annals of 
 the American Academy of Political and Social Science, xxxi, 
 78-84 (1908). 
 Historical and very general. 
 
 Myers, Gustavus. History of public franchises in New York 
 City. Municipal Affairs, iv, 71-193 (1900). 
 
 An extensive, popular account, arranged by classes of utilities; with 
 
 tables of statistics. 
 Includes a long summary by M. R. Maltbie, entitled " A century of 
 
 franchise history " (pp. 194-206). 
 
 Nichols, H. P. Progress in methods of granting franchises in 
 New York City. Philadelphia ? 1907. 24 pp. 
 
 Seabury, Samuel. Municipal ownership and operation of 
 public utilities in New York City. New York, 1905 ? 202 pp. 
 Historical, by kind of utility. 
 
 Warner, J. DeW. Should greater New York operate its street 
 railways ? Yes. Mimicipal Affairs, i, 421-457 (1897). 
 A popular, annotated study. 
 
 West, Max. The franchises of greater New York. Yale Re- 
 view, vi, 387-408 (1898). 
 
 A very good elementary account of franchise history in New York, with 
 critical conmients. 
 
 Municipal franchises in New York. (In Bemis, E. W. 
 
 Municipal monopolies. 4th edition. New York, 1904.) 
 
 365-422. 
 
 Historical account, by class of utilities. 
 
86 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 87 
 
 New York — continued. 
 
 Whitney, E. B. PubKc ownership in New York. International 
 
 Quarterly, xii, 1-12 (1905). 
 
 History of the movement for mxmidpal street railways in New York. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Elements of a constructive franchise policy. 
 
 Proc, National Conference for Good City Government, 1910: 
 
 170-189. 
 
 A good account of traction franchise history in New York City and dis- 
 cussion of a proposed franchise policy. 
 
 (In King, C. L. The regulation of mimidpal utilities. 
 
 New York, 191 2.) 137-164. 
 Revised reprint. 
 
 The New York subway contracts. National Municipal 
 
 Review, ii, 375-391 (1913). 
 Franchise history and provisions. 
 
 Report upon proposed standard form of franchise for 
 
 street railroad companies. New York, 1909. 26 pp. 
 
 Report submitted to the New York public service commission for the 
 first district. 
 
 Street railway franchises in greater New York. (In Mu- 
 nicipal franchises. New York, 1 911.) ii, 101-140. 
 A thorough historical study. 
 
 Wright, H. C. Development of transit control in New York 
 City. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xxxi, 18-41 (1908). 
 Good for franchise history, by periods, from 1850 to date. 
 
 Rochester 
 
 Cutler, J. G. Municipal control of public service corporations. 
 
 Proc, National Conference for Good City Government, 1906: 
 
 291-297. 
 
 Warner, G. E. Public ownership of lighting plant. City Gov- 
 ernment, vi, 50-52 (1899). 
 On miuiic4>al ownership history in Rochester and elsewhere. 
 
 Syracuse 
 
 Hamilton, J. H. Syracuse water supply. Municipal Affairs, 
 
 iv, 60-70 (1900). 
 
 History under private and municipal management, favoring municipal 
 ownership. 
 
 Hnx, W. R. City ownership of water supply. Mimicipal Af- 
 fairs, vi, 730-737 (1903)- 
 
 An historical accoimt of the Syracuse waterworks under municipal and 
 private operation. 
 
 Troy 
 
 Powell, F. W. Two experiments in public ownership of steam 
 
 railroads. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxiii, 137-150 
 
 (1908). 
 
 Troy, N. Y., and North Brookfield, Mass. 
 
 The writer states that the first was a failure; the second a success. 
 
 Omo 
 
 Francis, G. B. Electric railways in the Ohio valley between 
 Steubenville, Ohio, and Vanport, Pennsylvania. Trans., 
 American Society of Civil Engineers, bdii, 73-90 (1909). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 91-99. An engineering description, illustrated with 
 photographs. 
 
 Gaskill, D. L. Ohio's public utility law's weakness. Public 
 Service, xi, 49-51 (1911). 
 A brief discussion of certain sections of the act. 
 
 Howe, F. C. Taxation of quasi-public corporations in the state 
 of Ohio, and the franchise tax. Annals of the American 
 Academy of Political and Social Science, xiv, 157-180 (1899). 
 Treats chiefly of railroad taxation, but includes municipal utilities also. 
 
 Public Service Publishing Company. Complete reports on mu- 
 nicipally owned utility plants in the state of Ohio. Chicago, 
 1914. II pamphlets. 
 
 A series of very brief reports, each considering separately the plants in 
 a number of cities. Includes balance sheets and some statistics. 
 
 Radcuffe, C. a. Public utility act of Ohio. Public Service 
 
 Regulation, i, 35 (191 2). 
 
 An accoimt of the current act replacing the railroad commission by a 
 public service conunission. 
 
88 
 
 BIBUOGRAPBY OF MUNICIPAL VTIUTIES 
 
 HISTORY OF UTILITIES AND OF REGULATION 
 
 89 
 
 Roberts, W. H. An auxiliary hydro-power plant. Aera, iii, 
 
 124-128 (1914). 
 
 An engineering description of a traction development in Ohio, illustrated 
 with photographs. 
 
 SmLO, T. L. Consolidation of public utilities in Ohio. Journal 
 of Political Economy, xviii, 388-392 (1910). 
 An interesting account of current developments. 
 
 Akron 
 
 Frost, H. H. Description of Akron waterworks plant. Proc., 
 
 Central States Waterworks Association, 191 2: 135-137. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 137-139- 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Jenkins, W. C. The public utilities of Cincinnati. Public Ser- 
 vice, xv, 187-188 (1913). 
 Describes the influence of good service upon the growth of the city. 
 
 LowRiE, S. G. Public utility problems in Cincinnati. Utilities 
 Magazine, i, no. 2, 7-14 (1915). 
 
 May, M. B. Cincinnati. Annals of the American Academy of 
 Political and Social Science, xxx, 578-580 (1907). 
 In The relation of the municipality to the water supply: a symposium. 
 Very brief historical and descriptive account of the water service. 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 Ballard, F.W. The Cleveland municipal lighting plant. Util- 
 ities Magazine, i, no. 6, 9-16 (1916). 
 History and analysis of results. 
 
 The design and operation of the Cleveland municipal elec- 
 tric light plant. Trans., American Society of Mechanical 
 Engineers, xxxvi, 649-676 (1914)- 
 Discussion: pp. 676-^91. Includes photographs, tables and charts. 
 
 Bemis, E. W. Cleveland. Annals of the American Academy of 
 Political and Social Science, xxx, 569-571 (1907). 
 In The relation of the municipality to the water supply: a symposium. 
 Very brief historical and descriptive account of the water service. 
 
 The Cleveland street railway settlement. Quarterly Jour- 
 nal of Economics, xxiv, 550-560 (1910). 
 
 Cleveland — continued. 
 
 Bemis, E. W. The franchise situation and the referendima in 
 Cleveland. Proc, National Conference for Good City Govern- 
 ment, 1902: 194-207. 
 
 The franchise situation in Cleveland. Municipal Affairs, 
 
 vi, 261-267 (1902). 
 Reprint. 
 
 The street railway settlement in Cleveland. Quarterly 
 
 Journal of Economics, xxii, 543-575 (1908). 
 An excellent analysis of the Taylor settlement. 
 
 Brashears, W. F. Passing of three cent fares. Public Service, 
 xvii, 101-103 (1914). 
 
 Three cent car fares on trial. Public Service, xiv, 201-204 
 
 (1913). 
 
 An analysis of results, with tables of statistics. 
 
 Clough, E. B. The truth about Cleveland traction. Public 
 
 Service, ii, 133-135 (iQo?)- 
 History under Mayor Johnson. 
 
 Davies, H. J. Some accounting features of the Cleveland rail- 
 way company's franchise. Proc, American Street and Inter- 
 urban Railway Accountants' Association, 1910: 125-150. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 150-154. Of accounting interest only; includes many 
 tables. 
 
 DooLiTTLE, F. W. The Cleveland experiment. (In Studies in 
 the cost of urban transportation service. New York, 1916.) 
 
 355-438. 
 
 An excellent study of the history of Cleveland traction franchises and 
 fare experiments. 
 
 Railway operation in Cleveland. Electric Railway Journal, 
 
 xlvii, 359-364 (1916). 
 
 DuTFY, C. N. The Cleveland railway situation. Proc., Ameri- 
 can Electric Railway Association, 1913: iia-123. 
 An excellent analysis of the ordinance and of conditions in Cleveland. 
 
 Aera, ii, 350-362 (1913). 
 
 Reprint. 
 

 90 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Cleveland — continued. 
 
 DuPFY, C. N. Economics of the Cleveland railway situation as 
 
 developed in the 1913 arbitration decision. Electric Railway 
 
 Journal, xlii, 770-773 (1913). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Failure of three cent car fares. Public Service, xv, 153-156 
 
 (1913)- 
 Abstract. 
 
 Hayden, W. S. The street railway situation in Cleveland. 
 Proc., National Conference for Good City Government, 1909: 
 403-416. 
 An historical account. 
 
 Hodge, W. H. Three cent traction service. Public Service, v, 
 67-76 (1908). 
 
 Howe, F. C. Municipal ownership in Cleveland. Moody's 
 
 Magazine, ii, 51 1-5 14 (1906). 
 
 In Municipal ownership and operation : symposium. 
 Traction history in Cleveland under Mayor Johnson. There is agita- 
 tion only, because of no state provision for mimidpal ownership. 
 
 Nash, L. R. The Cleveland railway situation. Stone and Web- 
 ster Journal, xviii, 124-158 (1916). 
 History and analysis, with data, map and charts. 
 
 Newcomb, H. T. Cleveland's street raUway problems. Moody's 
 Magazine, ii, 507-510 (1906). 
 /n Municipal ownership and operation: sjrmposium. 
 
 OssosKi, Sidney. The basis of valuation in case of municipal 
 purchase of street railways. Electric Railway Journal, xxxvi, 
 999-1000 (1910). 
 Procedure at Cleveland and Chicago used for illustration. 
 
 SiDLO, T. L. Cleveland invalidity clause: a new development in 
 public utilities ordinances. Journal of Political Economy, 
 xix, 124-128(1911). 
 
 A brief account of the clause which provides that if any of the rates or 
 provisions of the franchise are declared invalid, the corresponding 
 power is to be in the city council. 
 
 Includes a reprint of the franchise section. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 9 1 
 
 Cleveland — continued. 
 
 Springborn, W. J. Municipal electric lighting plants for Cleve- 
 land, Ohio. Municipal Engineering, xlvi, 14-15 (1914). 
 On the results of operation. 
 
 Municipal ownership of water plants. Proc, Central 
 
 States Waterworks Association, 1913: 31-42. 
 
 Stevens, F. E. Cleveland. Annals of the American Academy 
 of Political and Social Science, xxvii, 208-210 (1906). 
 
 In The relation of the American municipalities to the gas and electric 
 
 light supply: a symposium. 
 Very brief description of the services. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. How the Chicago and Cleveland street railway 
 settlements are working out. National Municipal Review, i, 
 630-638(1912). 
 
 A good analysis. 
 
 Engineering News, Ixviii, 526-529 (191 2). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 The street railway settlement franchises of Chicago and 
 
 Cleveland. (/« Municipal franchises. New York, 191 1.) 
 
 ii, 141-191. 
 
 A thorough historical study. 
 
 Williams, A. D. Cleveland municipal electric plants. Power, 
 xxxviii, 740-742 (1913)- 
 A description, illustrated with photographs and diagrams. 
 
 Wilson, H. W. Three cent Hght in Cleveland. New York, 
 1914. II pp. 
 
 History and analysis of results of municipal ownership in Cleveland. 
 Includes also a discussion of rates and costs. 
 
 Witt, Peter. Public favors skip-stop. Aera, iv, 224-227 (1915). 
 Brief account of the plan used by the Cleveland railways. 
 
 WooTAN,J. B. The truth about Cleveland. PubUc Service, xx, 
 102-103, 105 (1916). 
 
 Sutistical analysis of the results of the municipal electric plant. 
 
ml 
 
 h; 
 
 \^l ' 
 
 
 'I- 
 
 ■ 1 
 
 
 
 92 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Columbus 
 
 Hodge, W. H. Columbus: a city in the dark. Public Service, 
 
 i, 91-94 (1906). 
 
 Description of the municipal street lighting in Columbus. 
 
 Wilson, Thomas. City and state power plants at Columbus, 
 Ohio. Power, xlii, 322-326 (1915). 
 A description of the various power plants, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Egbert, H. McC. Failure of mimicipal gas plant. Public Ser- 
 vice, i, 15-16 (1906). 
 
 Newark 
 
 Deacon, W. G. The public utilities of Newark, Ohio. Public 
 
 Service, xiv, 5-10 (1913). 
 
 History and description of the service, municipal and private; illus- 
 trated with photographs. 
 
 Springfield 
 
 RiNKLiFF, G. L. Springfield's street railway franchise, 
 nicipal Journal and Engineer, xxxiv, 578-579 (1913). 
 
 Mu- 
 
 Toledo 
 
 Deacon, W. G. A three cent car fare test. Public Service, xvi, 
 141-142,157-160(1914). 
 
 H. L. Doherty ofiFers to allow Toledo to operate the street railways for 
 one year. 
 
 Lang, A. E. The Toledo street railway situation. Proc, Ameri- 
 can Electric Railway Association, 191 1 : 250-256. 
 A brief account of traction history in Toledo, and the existing situation. 
 
 Public Service, xi, 157-159 (191 1). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Troy 
 
 Pool, L. A. Municipal lighting plant of Troy, Ohio. Municipal 
 Engineering, xliv, 197-201 (1913). 
 
 A description, with brief conmient on financial results; illustrated with 
 photographs. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTILITIES AND OF REGULATION 
 
 93 
 
 Oklahoma 
 
 BozELL, H. V. Data on municipal plant operation in Oklahoma. 
 ?, 1916. 85 pp. 
 Alphabetical, by cities. 
 
 McKay, E. F. The Oklahoma commission. Public Service 
 Refgulation, i, 29-30 (191 2). 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Dearborn, R. H. Physical valuation of electrical properties in 
 
 Oregon. Journal of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxviii, 49- 
 
 50 (1912). 
 
 Abstract. The valuations made by the Oregon conunission are believed 
 by the writer to be uniformly low. 
 
 Eugene 
 
 Marston, Glenn. Failure of municipal plants at Eugene, Ore. 
 
 Public Service, xv, 63-65 (1913). 
 
 A popular analysis, the writer asserting that faulty accounting conceab 
 the facts; illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Meyers, Alvin. Eugene, Ore., municipal light and water plant. 
 Mimicipal Engineering, xliv, 427-428 (1913). 
 A brief description of the plant, with schedule of rates. 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 BowN, C. E. Some defects in the present Pennsylvania statute 
 on public utilities. Annals of the American Academy of 
 Political and Sodal Science, liii, 45-53 (1914). 
 
 Easthan, F. M. The taxation of public service corporations in 
 Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1905. 46 pp. 
 
 An historical and critical account of state and local taxation, with quo- 
 tations from decisions, tables, and an index. 
 
 Munson, C. LaR. Pennsylvania public service law. Yale 
 Law Journal, xxiii, 214-247 (1914). 
 A detailed analysis of the act. 
 
 The public service company law of Pennsylvania (ap- 
 proved July 26, 1913) : digested, topically arranged and in- 
 dexed (with a copy of the act). Williamsport, 1913 ? 75 pp. 
 

 94 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Stratton, I. W. State and local regulation in Pennsylvania. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science, Ivii, 175-185 (1915). 
 
 A criticism of the commission law, because of too much power, red tape 
 and irresponsibility. 
 
 Tener, J. K. The need for a public utilities bill in Pennsylvania. 
 
 National Municipal Review, i, 401-403 (191 2). 
 
 A popular article advocating a commission with greater powers of en- 
 forcement of its findings. 
 
 Trinkle, W. N. The public service company law of Pennsyl- 
 vania. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, liii, 36-44 (1914). 
 An analysis and criticism of the act. 
 
 Wherry, W. M., Jr. Four public utilities laws analyzed: Illi- 
 nois, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. ?, 1913. 
 91pp. 
 Each law analyzed separately by sections. 
 
 WooDRUiT, C. R. Recent street railway legislation in Pennsyl- 
 vania and Philadelphia. Municipal Affairs, v, 419-426 (1901). 
 Brief account of current legislative corruption. 
 
 PkUadelpkia 
 
 Bryce, James. The Philadelphia gas ring. {In The American 
 
 conmionwealth. Revised edition. New York, 1910.) ii, 
 
 406-425. 
 
 An accoimt of political corruption in Philadelphia. 
 
 DiCKERMAN, J. C. Lower electric rates in Philadelphia. Ameri- 
 can City, xiv, 341-342 (1916). 
 A popular account of litigation before the conmiission. 
 
 Hicks, T. L. The Philadelphia gas works under private opera- 
 tion. World Today, xiii, 103 7-1040 (1907). 
 
 A very brief, popular sunmiaiy of the history of the Philadelphia gas 
 plant under mimidpal and private operation. 
 
 Lewis, E. O. Philadelphia's relation to rapid transit company. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xxxi, 600-611 (1908). 
 A discussion of the contract of 1907. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 95 
 
 PkUadelpkia — continued. 
 
 McLain, F. D. The street railways of Philadelphia. Quarterly 
 
 Journal of Economics, xxii, 233-260 (1908). 
 
 A good historical treatment. 
 
 Ringe, H. R. Philadelphia. Annals of the American Academy 
 
 of Political and Social Science, xxx, 562-567 (1907). 
 
 In The relation of the municipality to the water supply: a symposium. 
 Brief historical and descriptive accoimt of the water service; with tables 
 of data. 
 
 RoBBiNS, Hayes. Philadelphia and its gas works: an instance 
 of the advantages resulting from substituting private for 
 municipal control of a public utility. World Today, vii, 
 153^1542 (1904). 
 Illustrated with photographs; good. 
 
 Rogers, J. L Municipal gas in Philadelphia. Municipal AflFairs, 
 
 i, 730-744 (1897). 
 
 A popular historical account, answering the claim of the leasing com- 
 pany that the municipal operation was inefficient. Includes tables of 
 statistics. 
 
 Rowe, L. S. The mimicipality and the gas supply, as illustrated 
 
 by the experience of Philadelphia. Annals of the American 
 
 Academy of Political and Social Science, xi, 301-323 (1898). 
 
 Historical, opposing the lease of the municipal gas plant to a private 
 company. Includes tables of statistics. 
 
 (In Problems of dty government. New York, 1908.) 
 
 241-270. 
 
 A good historical account of municipal and private ownership of gas in 
 Philadelphia; includes tables of statistics. 
 
 The relation of the dty of Philadelphia to the gas supply. 
 
 (In National Civic Federation. Mimidpal and private opera- 
 tion of public utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 
 588-664. 
 
 Speirs, F. W. The Philadelphia gas lease. Munidpal Affairs, 
 i, 718-729 (1897). 
 
 A popular account of the lease of the municipal plant, which the writer 
 claims was due to politics, not to failure of mimidpal operation. 
 
96 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 
 
 Philadelphia — continued. 
 
 Speirs, F. W. Street railway system of Philadelphia : its history 
 and present conditions. Johns Hopkins University Studies 
 in Historical and Political Science, xv, 93-215 (1897). 
 
 Taylor, A. M. Philadelphia's transit problem. Annals of the 
 American Academy of Political and Social Science, Ivii, 28- 
 32(1915). 
 
 The solution of a city's transit problem. Electric Journal, 
 
 xi, 514-542(1914). 
 
 An elaborate study of traflSc conditions in Philadelphia, illustrated with 
 maps, charts and tables. Supplementary to the report of the transit 
 commissioner, 1913. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Municipal franchises: a description of the terms 
 and conditions uf)on which private corporations enjoy special 
 privileges in the streets of American cities. New York, 1910- 
 191 1. 2 vols. 
 On the lease of the Philadelphia municipal gas plant, see i, pp. 566-572. 
 
 Woodruff, C. R. The Philadelphia gas works: a modem in- 
 stance. American Journal of Sociology, iii, 601-613 (1898). 
 
 Philadelphia street railway franchises. American Journal 
 
 of Sociology, vii, 216-233 (1901)- 
 
 Historical discussion of corruption in traction franchise granting. 
 
 Recent street railway legislation in Pennsylvania and Phil- 
 adelphia. Municipal Affairs, v, 419-426 (1901). 
 Brief account of current legislative corruption. 
 
 Pittsburgh 
 
 Jenkins, W. C. Unusual traction conditions in Pittsburgh. 
 Public Service, xv, 5-10 (1913). 
 
 A description of conditions and their effect on the type of car used, illus- 
 trated with photographs. 
 
 Tarentum 
 
 Hudson, Leo. An interesting example of direct competition 
 between pubUcly and privately owned waterworks plants in 
 Tarentmn, Pa. Engineering and Contracting, xliv, 162-163 
 (1915)- 
 
 97 
 
 Rhode Island 
 Providence 
 
 Francis, G. B. The street railway system of Providence, Rhode 
 Island, and vicinity. Journal of the Association of Engineer- 
 ing Societies, xxix, 29-40 (1902). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 41-42. An engineering description, illustrated with 
 photographs and diagrams. 
 
 Lakey, F. E. Providence. Annals of the American Academy of 
 
 Political and Social Science, xxx, 588-590 (1907). 
 
 In The relation of the municipality to the water supply: a symposium. 
 Very brief historical and descriptive account of the water service. 
 
 Sherman, S. A. Providence. Annals of the American Academy 
 
 of Political and Social Science, xxvii, 218-220 (1906). 
 
 In The relation of the American municipalities to the gas and electric 
 
 light supply: a symposium. 
 Very brief description of the services. 
 
 South Dakota 
 
 Brookings 
 
 SoRENG, E. M. Cost figures from Brookings, S. D. Electrical 
 
 World, Ixii, 1321 (1913). 
 
 A description of the municipal electric light plant, illustrated with 
 photographs. 
 
 Tennessee 
 Nashville 
 
 Head, J. M. One mayor's experience. Proc, National Con- 
 ference for Good City Government, 1906: 269-276. 
 
 A popular account of the agitation for municipal ownership in Nashville 
 and its efifects, the writer favoring municipalization. 
 
 Watson, C. C. Nashville's deteriorated waterworks. Public 
 Service, iii, 101-103 (1907). 
 Description and history, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Texas 
 
 BuRDiCK, R. H. Performance of diesel-engine plants in Texas. 
 Electrical World, Ixvii, 587-592 (1916). 
 Operating data from eight stations; with charts, tables and photographs. 
 

 I 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 98 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 HaneYjL.H. RaOway regulation in Texas. Journal of Political 
 Economy, xix, 437-455 (iQ"). 
 A discussion of the railroad commission law; of some general interest. 
 
 Paxton, E. T. Public service rates in Texas cities. Austin, 
 1915. 141 pp. 
 
 Bulletin of the University of Texas: Municipal research series, no. 10. 
 Tables of rates charged for water, sewerage, electric light and power, 
 telephone and traction. Arranged by cities, under each service. 
 
 Potts, C. S. Texas stock and bond law. Annals of the Ameri- 
 can Academy of Political and Social Science, Uii, 162-171 
 (1914). 
 History and discussion. 
 
 Thompson, R. A. Method used by the Railroad commission of 
 Texas, under the stock and bond law, in valuing railroad 
 properties. Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, lii, 
 328-345 (1904). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 346-364. A brief , technical description of the methods 
 used in taking the inventory, with illustrative forms and tables. 
 
 Bouston 
 
 Sheldon, P. H. Controversy over electric rates in Houston, 
 Texas. Municipal Engineering, xlvii, 275-278 (1914). 
 
 San Antonio 
 
 Potter, Alexander. An important waterworks rate and ap- 
 praisal investigation. American City, viii, 65-73 (1913)- 
 A popular account of an appraisal made by the writer. 
 
 Terrell 
 
 Kelley, Edwam). Operating a central station against municipal 
 competition. Public Service, xv, 33-36 (1913). 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Marston, Glenn. Vermont public utilities bill. Public Service, 
 vi, 109-110(1909). 
 A brief arraignment of the act. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 99 
 
 Burlington 
 
 Marston, Glenn. Mimicipal electric competition, Burlington, 
 Vt. Public Service, vi, 69-70 (1909). 
 Description, with photographs and some discussion. 
 
 Municipal ownership in Burlington, Vermont. Concerning 
 
 Municipal Ownership, iv, 71-72 (1909). 
 
 An analysis of results of operation of the municipal electric light plant. 
 
 St, Albans 
 
 Renner, C. J. The experience of a small dty with water meters 
 
 and water rates. American City, xi, 474-478 (1915). 
 
 Illustrated with tables and charts. 
 
 Virginia 
 
 Braxton, A. C. The Virginia state corporation conmiission. 
 American Law Review, xxxviii, 481-499 (1904). 
 An historical sketch and analysis of the law; technical. 
 
 Magruder, F. a. Recent administration in Virginia. Johns 
 Hopkins University Studies in History and Political Science, 
 XXX, 11-199 (1912). 
 
 Public service corporations: pp. 147-162. 
 
 A good historical study of the commissions and public service r^;ulation. 
 
 DanviUe 
 
 Rogers, W. O. Danville municipal lighting plant. Power, 
 
 xliii, 572-577 (1916). 
 
 Engineering description, with photographs, diagrams and tables. 
 
 Richmond 
 
 WooTAN, J. B. Richmond street lighting plant. Public Service, 
 xxi, 170-173 (1916). 
 . An analysis of results. 
 
 Washington 
 
 Berglund, Abraham. Valuation of raibroads in the state of 
 Washington. Journal of Political Economy, xxi, 332-344 
 (1913)- 
 An historical account, with tables of residts; of some general interest. 
 
lOO 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 If 
 It ' 
 
 I-; 
 
 Smith, J. A. Municipal w. state control of public utilities. Na- 
 tional Municipal Review, iii, 34-43 (1914). 
 
 Arguments against exclusive state control, including brief discussion of 
 the Washington law. 
 
 Seattle 
 
 Deacon, W. G. Toll of politics. Public Service, xvii, 71-72, 
 
 82 (1914). 
 
 A popular discussion of results of municipal electric lighting in Seattle. 
 
 Gkambs, W. J. The inefl&ciency of municipal ownership. Stone 
 and Webster Public Service Journal, xvii, 321-348 (1915). 
 History and anal3rsis of municipal ownership in Seattle. 
 
 KiDSTON, W. L. Seattle municipal lighting plant. Power, xli, 
 182-185 (1915). 
 An engineering description, with photographs and diagrams. 
 
 Marston, Glenn. Electric rates in Seattle, Wash. Public 
 
 Service, xv, 27-30 (1913). 
 
 An analysis of the results of operation of the municipal electric plant, 
 with charts. 
 
 Seattle, Wash., municipal electric plant. Public Service, 
 
 xvi, 63-66 (1914). 
 
 Reply to criticism of his previous article. 
 
 Parker, A. M. The first municipal street railway in America. 
 
 Independent, Ix, 1153-1157 (1906). 
 
 A brief description of the West Seattle mimicipal railway; illustrated 
 with photographs. 
 
 Ross, J. D. The municipal lighting plant at Seattle, Wash. 
 Municipal Engineering, xlv, 464-467 (1913). 
 A brief description, with a diagram and photograph. 
 
 Seattle, Wash., mimicipal light and power plant. Municipal 
 
 Engineering, xliv, 556-560 (1913). 
 
 A description of the plant and its operation, with tables of rates charged; 
 illustrated with a photograph and chart. 
 
 Smith, J. A. Seattle. Annals of the American Academy of 
 Political and Social Science, xxvii, 222-224 (1906). 
 
 In The relation of the American municipalities to the gas and electric 
 
 light supply: asym[)osium. 
 Very brief description of the services. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION lOI 
 
 Spokane 
 
 Marks, W. D. Recapitulation of report on gas rates and prices 
 for the city of Spokane. {In Practical rate making and ap- 
 praisement. South Hadley, 1914 ?) 11-59. 
 A detailed study, with tables of statistics. 
 
 Marston, Glenn. Spokane, Wash., waterworks heavy loser. 
 Public Service, xv, 101-103 (1913). 
 A brief analysis of the results of municipal operation. 
 
 Tacoma 
 
 Richards, R. H. Tacoma's Nisqually River development. Elec- 
 trical World, Ixii, 227-229 (1913). 
 
 An engineering description of the municipal hydroelectric station, illus- 
 trated with photographs. 
 
 West Virginia 
 
 Wherry, W. M., Jr. Four public utilities laws analyzed: Illi- 
 nois, Indiana, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. ?, 1913. 
 91pp. 
 Each law analyzed separately by sections. 
 
 Wheeling 
 
 Deacon, W. G. Sale of Wheeling gas plant urged. Public Ser- 
 vice, vi, 115-117 (1909). 
 
 Lyons, B. F. Mimicipal ownership. Progressive Age, xxiv, 39- 
 46 (1906). 
 
 Discussion of method of stud3ring results of existing municipal plants, 
 with analyses of the results in Wheeling, Manchester and Sheflaeld 
 for illustration. 
 
 Municipal ownership of gas works. Municipal Engineering, 
 
 XXX, 49-58 (1906). 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 Adams, T. S. Valuation of railway property for purposes of 
 
 taxation. Journal of Political Economy, xxiii, 1-16 (1915). 
 
 A discussion from the standpoint of Wisconsin practice and experience. 
 Of some interest for all public utilities. 
 
I02 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Bryan, W. H. Going value as an element in the appraisal of 
 public utility properties. Journal of the Association of En- 
 gineering Societies, xliii, 147-158 (1909). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 286-288. A very interesting discussion of intangible 
 values as considered by the Wisconsin commission, and by J. W. Alvord 
 in his ''Notes on going value and methods for its computation.'* 
 
 Journal of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxiv, 31-35 
 
 (1910). 
 Reprint. 
 
 Cadby, J. N. Regulating the quality of public utility service. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, liii, 262-268 (1914). 
 A brief description of the Wisconsin commission's practice. 
 
 Standards for gas and electric service. Public Service 
 
 Regulation, ii, 94-99 (1913). 
 
 An outline of proposed changes in the service standards of the Wisconsin 
 commission; with brief discussion. 
 
 Commons, J. R. The La FoUette railroad law in Wisconsin. 
 American Monthly Review of Reviews, xxxii, 76-79 (1905). 
 
 The Wisconsin public utilities law. American Review of 
 
 Reviews, xxxvi, 221-224 (1907). 
 
 Brief popular discussion of the law and its provisions. 
 
 Cravath, J. R. Demand and diversity factors and their influ- 
 ence on rates. Electrical World, Ivi, 567-570 (1910). 
 
 A good discussion, with tables compiled by the Wisconsin commission; 
 semi-technical. 
 
 Crowley, J. C. Control helps utilities. Public Service Regu- 
 lation, i, 181 (191 2). 
 
 Dreher, H. W. EflFect of utility regulations upon the banks. 
 Public Service, xv, 21-22 (1913). 
 On the beneficial results of the Wisconsin public utility law. 
 
 Erickson, Halford. The indeterminate franchise or permit. 
 
 Electrical Review and Western Electrician, kv, 224-227, 
 
 283-285 (1914). 
 
 A general discussion of the indeterminate permit and the history of its 
 use in Wisconsin. 
 
 HISTORY OP UTILITIES AND OP REGULATION IO3 
 
 Erickson, Halford. Methods of determining life of public 
 
 utilities. Engineering and Contracting, xxxviii, 448-450 (191 2). 
 
 Abstract. Treats chiefly of methods of estimating life of equipment 
 used by the Wisconsin commission. 
 
 Methods of providing for and recording depreciation. En- 
 gineering and Contracting, xxxviii, 506-511 (191 2). 
 
 A technical discussion of the accountancy of depreciation of the Wis- 
 consin commission; with tables. 
 
 A continuation of the abstract entitled " Methods of determining life 
 of public utilities." 
 
 Rates and rate making under the Wisconsin public utility 
 
 law. Proc., American Waterworks Association, xxxiii, 49-68 
 
 (1913)- 
 
 Discussion: pp. 68-77. " My purpose here is to explain the work in- 
 volved, the facts that are needed and the methods employed in making 
 rates for waterworks under the public utility law in Wisconsin." 
 
 The regulation of public utilities in Wisconsin. Journal of 
 
 the Western Society of Engineers, xviii, 398-422 (1913). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 423-440. A good elementary description of the work 
 of the conmiission. 
 
 Public Service, xiv, 135-138, 179-181 (1913). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Regulation of utilities by commission. Railway Age 
 
 Gazette, liv, 755-759 (1913)- 
 Abstract. 
 
 Wisconsin method of depreciation accounting. Gas Age, 
 
 xxxiv, 113-117 (1914). 
 
 EscH, Fred. Utility law variations. Public Service Regulation, 
 1,492-494(1912). 
 A comparison of the California and Wisconsin acts. 
 
 Fairchild, a. W. Review of recent legislation in Wisconsin 
 affecting public utilities. Electric Railway Journal, xxxix, 
 145-146 (191 2). 
 
 A brief description of the stock and bond law, and the indeterminate 
 permit legislation. 
 
 ti 
 
I04 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 III! 
 
 f ' 
 
 
 f 
 
 FooTE, A. R. Regulation of public utilities: a comparison of the 
 New York and Wisconsin public utility bills. Columbus, 
 1911. 36 pp. 
 A detailed comparison of the various clauses; with a short bibliography. 
 
 GiLMOiiE, E. A. The Wisconsin public utilities act. Green Bag, 
 
 »x, 517-525 (1907). 
 
 A detailed analysis of the provisions of the act. 
 
 Holmes, F. L. Regulation of railroads and public utilities in 
 
 Wisconsin. New York, 191 5. 375 pp. 
 
 Ch. i. Provisions of the railroad and utility laws. 
 
 ii. Commission organization and procedure. 
 
 iii. Physical valuation of railroads and utilities. 
 
 iv. Rate of return. 
 
 V. Standardization of service. 
 
 vi. Uniform accounting, 
 
 vii. Depreciation, 
 
 viii. Putting utilities on a business basis. 
 
 X. Making of utility rates. 
 
 zi. Street and interurban railwajrs. 
 
 zii. Electric, gas and heating utilities, 
 
 xiv. Water utilities. 
 
 XV. The indeterminate permit and convenience and necessity laws, 
 
 zvi. Regulation of stocks and bonds, 
 
 zvii. Water power legislation. 
 
 XX. State control of municipally owned plants, 
 
 xxi. State V5. local control, 
 
 xxii. Does regulation retard investments ? 
 
 xxiii. Conunission and the courts, 
 
 xxiv. Conclusion. 
 A very good elementary account of the work of the commission. 
 
 Regulation that regulates. Independent, Irviii, 905-910 
 
 (1910). 
 
 A popular account of the Wisconsin conmiission and its work; with 
 portraits of the conmiissioners. 
 
 HxTDNALL, G. H. Public service commission law of Wisconsin. 
 Proc, American Political Science Association, iv, 316-323 
 
 (1907)- 
 
 Johnson, R. V. Workings of Wisconsin commission. Public 
 Service, xii, 129-132, 145-146 (191 2). 
 
 Treats chiefly of the resulting benefits, and includes extracts from re- 
 marks of various utility managers. 
 
 HISTORY OP UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 1 05 
 
 King, C. L. Minnesota home rule and Wisconsin regulation. 
 
 National Municipal Review, iii, 564-572 (1914). 
 
 A reply to Minnesota home rule league's " Regulation of public util- 
 ities in Wisconsin." 
 
 A good discussion of the work of the Wisconsin commission, and results 
 therefrom. 
 
 Lapp, J. A. Public utilities— control. American Political Science 
 Review, i, 626-638 (1907). 
 
 Analysis and comparison of the New York and Wisconsin commission 
 laws. 
 
 Larson, C. M. State regulation of municipally owned plants. 
 Journal of the American Waterworks Association, ii, 515-537 
 (1915). 
 On the benefits of regulation of municipally owned plants, especially 
 
 as to service. lUustrated by results in Wisconsin, with tables of 
 
 statistics. 
 
 Lewis, H. T. Interest and profits in rate regulation: the prac- 
 tice of the Wisconsin railroad commission. Political Science 
 Quarterly, xxvii, 239-259 (1912). 
 A good analysis, with many quotations from cases before the commission. 
 
 Mathews, G. C. Wisconsin water rates. Public Service Regu- 
 lation, i, 33-35 (1912). 
 Discussion of the methods and procedure used. 
 
 Meyer, B. H. State supervision of electric railways in Wiscon- 
 sin. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xxxvii, 160-169 (191 1). 
 Relates to service requirements in particular. 
 
 What the Wisconsin utilities commission has done. Con- 
 cerning Mimicipal Ownership, iii, 27-28 (1908). 
 Abstract. 
 
 The Wisconsin public utilities commission. {In King, C. L. 
 
 The regulation of municipal utilities. New York, 191 2.) 
 
 296-317. 
 
 Reprinted from Proc., National Conference for Good City Government. 
 
 The Wisconsin public utilities law. Proc, National Con- 
 ference for Good City Government, 1908: 257-268. 
 
 An account of the work of the commission and the resulting benefits* 
 with one table. 
 
ri 
 
 u 
 
 i 
 
 io6 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Meyer, B. H. The Wisconsin public utilities law. Electric 
 
 Railway Journal, xxxiii, 103-104 (1909). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Miller, W. E. Ashland water rate decision explained. Engi- 
 neering Record, Ixxi, 805-807 (191 5). 
 
 On decisions of the Wisconsin commission refusing to accept 4 per cent 
 as an adequate return, and revising rates. 
 
 The individuality of public utilities, notably waterworks. 
 
 Journal of the American Waterworks Association, i, 614-628 
 
 (1914). 
 
 A tabular comparison of population served and length and size of mains 
 for various Wisconsin plants, illustrating the difficulty of directly 
 comparing values or rates. Includes charts and discussion. 
 
 Minnesota Home Rule League. Regulation of public utilities in 
 Wisconsin : an analysis of the system and the results. Minne- 
 apolis, 1 914. 46 pp. 
 
 A brief arraignment of the commission; imconvincing. 
 For a reply see C. L. King, ** Minnesota home rule and Wisconsin 
 regulation." 
 
 Morgan, W. O. The indeterminate permit as a satisfactory 
 
 franchise. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 
 Social Science, xxxvii, 142-159 (1911).^ 
 Discussion of the Wisconsin experience for illustration. 
 
 Mortimer, J. D. The Wisconsin indeterminate permit law. 
 
 Aera, ii, 7-20 (1913). 
 
 A good analysis of the law, including a reprint of the statutory provisions 
 and excerpts from court decisions. 
 
 Pence, W. D. The functions of a technical staff in public utility 
 regulation. Proc., Indiana Sanitary and Water Supply Asso- 
 ciation, 1913: I 14-142. 
 
 Describes the work of the Wisconsin commission's technical sta£f and 
 includes an outline of the inventory used and of the form of organiza- 
 tion. 
 
 Functions of a technical staff in the regulation of public 
 
 utilities. Engineering Record, Ixvii, 260-262 (1913). 
 Abstract. 
 
 The valuation and inspection work of the joint engineering 
 
 staff of the Wisconsin tax and railroad commissions. Engi- 
 neering News, bd, 227-229 (1909). 
 Abstract. 
 
 , HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION I07 
 
 Pence, W. D. Valuation by Wisconsin state engineers. Public 
 Service Regulation, ii, 127-130 (1913). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Wisconsin service inspection and improvement. Public 
 
 Service Regulation, ii, 167-171 (1913). 
 Al^tract. 
 
 The work of the joint engineering staff of the Wisconsin 
 
 tax and railroad commissions. Journal of the Western 
 
 Society of Engineers, xiv, 73-100 (1909). 
 
 Discussion: pp. loo-iii. A full account of the organization and work 
 of the engineering department. 
 
 Engineering Record, lix, 10-12, 49-52, 73-75 (1909). 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 RoEMER, J. H. The causes and effects of a public utility com- 
 mission. Public Service, xi, 37-39, 85-88 (1911). 
 Treats chiefly of the regulation of service by the Wisconsin commission. 
 
 Madison, 191 1. 25 pp. 
 
 Certain important provisions of the public utilities law of 
 
 Wisconsin, and the results of their operation. Kansas City ? 
 191 1 ? 20 pp. 
 
 Methods of regulating public utilities. Public Service, 
 
 xvii, 79-82 (1914). 
 
 Some features of state regulation of public utilities. Madi- 
 son, 1909. 25 pp. 
 
 A very general and popular article on regulation and the work of the 
 Wisconsin commission. 
 
 Salmon, C. B. Wisconsin public utility law: its operation and 
 results. Proc., American Waterworks Association, xxix, 163- 
 171 (1909). 
 Discussion: pp. 171-183. An analysis of the law, by clauses. 
 
 Mimidpal Engineering, xxxvii, 27-31 (1909). 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 The Wisconsin utility law: its benefits and restrictions. 
 
 Proc, Central States Waterworks Association, 191 2: 97-109. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 109-112. A good elementary account of the commis- 
 sion's work, including a brief analysis of the act. 
 
I* 
 
 4 
 
 :>« 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 ■•3) 
 
 15 ' 
 
 I08 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 SiEFERT, C. A. Uniform classification. Public Service Regu- 
 lation, i, 285-288 (1912). 
 
 A description of the water utility accounting under the Wisconsin com- 
 mission. 
 
 Snider, G. E. The taxation of the gross receipts of railways in 
 Wisconsin. Publications, American Economic Association, 
 3d series, vii, 521-658 (1906). 
 
 Strait, E. N. Wisconsin commission method of rate making. 
 Gas Age, xxxv, 263-268 (1915). 
 
 i Describes the " mechanical procedure " by which gas and electric rates 
 are derived. Includes illustrative tables and one chart. 
 
 Watkins, G. p. Electrical rates in the opinions of the Wisconsin 
 commission. Quarteriy Journal of Economics, xxvii, 373- 
 
 378(1913)- 
 
 Chippewa Falls 
 
 Gordon, F. G. R. Chippewa Falls defeats municipal ownership. 
 Concerning Municipal Ownership, ix, 103-105 (1916). 
 
 Madison 
 
 Heim, J. B. Meter rates. Proc, American Waterworks Asso- 
 
 ^ ciation, xxiv, 251-267 (1904)- 
 
 Discussion: pp. 277-289. An account of a rate controversy in Madison; 
 includes an elaborate table of waterworks statistics and charges in 
 various American cities. 
 
 Municipal ownership of waterworks. Municipal Engineer- 
 
 ing, xvii, 87-90 (1899). 
 
 History of the mxmicipal waterworks of Madison. 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Bernhard, F. H. Milwaukee's new municipal lighting system. 
 
 Municipal Journal, xl, 645-648, 683-685 (1916). 
 
 Engineering description, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Butler, J. A. Milwaukee. Annals of the American Academy of 
 Political and Social Science, xxvii, 213-215 (1906). 
 In The relation of the American municipalities to the gas and electric 
 
 light supply: a symposium. 
 Very brief description of the services. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION IO9 
 
 If i/wa«ifee« — continued. 
 
 Butler, J. A. Street railway problem in Milwaukee. Muma- 
 
 pal Affairs, iv, 212-218 (1900). 
 A very popular historical sketch. 
 DooLiTTLE, F. W. The Milwaukee experiment. (/» Studies in 
 the cost of urban transportation service. New York, 1916.) 
 
 439-467. 
 
 An excellent study of traction franchise and fare history in Mawaukee. 
 
 Miller, W. E. Charges for pubUc water service to private fire 
 protection systems. Proc, American Waterworks Associ- 
 ation, xxxiii, II 5-1 25 (1913)- 
 A discussion of the charges m Milwaukee. 
 
 Stearns, R.B. Zone system of fares in practice. Electric Rail- 
 way Journal, xlv, 836-838 (1915)- 
 
 A good analysis of the results of six months' operation in Milwaukee, 
 ^ustrated with two charts. 
 
 PUUtmUe 
 
 Butterworth, W. C. The cost and price of gas m a smaU aty. 
 
 American Gas Light Journal, cii, 180-183 (1915)- 
 An elaborate tabular comparison of the cost and rates for gas in Platte- 
 ville, with some discussion. 
 
 Austria 
 
 Fairlie, J. A. Municipal government in Vienna. {In Essays 
 in municipal administration. New York, 1908.) 316-329- 
 Discusses municipal ownership briefly (pp. 323-329)- 
 
 Belgium 
 
 WmsLOW, A. A. City ownership of street cars in Liege. U. S. 
 Consular Reports, Ixv, no. 246, 332-334 (1901)- 
 A brief account of the city purchase and leasing of the tramways. 
 
 Canada 
 
 Beecher, H. W. Kamloops' steam turbine power plant. Mu- 
 nicipal Journal, xxxvii, 592-594 (1914)- 
 An engineering description, illustrated with photographs. 
 
tliTS 
 
 \ 
 
 4 
 It? 
 
 no 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Bolton, R. P. Cheap electricity in Toronto. Concerning Mu- 
 nicipal Ownership, ix, 8-10 (191 6). 
 Supplementary to " Our interest in Canadian operations." 
 
 Favoritism in rates. Concerning Municipal Ownership, 
 
 viii, 278-281 (1915). 
 
 Supplementary to " Our interest in Canadian operations." 
 
 The financial methods of the power commission. Con- 
 cerning Municipal Ownership, viii, 230-233 (191 5). 
 Supplementary to " Our interest in Canadian operations." 
 
 General results of public operation in Ontario. Concern- 
 ing Municipal Ownership, ix, 62-63 (19^6). 
 Supplementafy to *^ Our interest in Canadian operations." 
 
 Government electric railways. Concerning Municipal 
 
 Ownership, viii, 254-257 (191 5). 
 
 Supplementary to " Our interest in Canadian operations." 
 
 Our interest in Canadian operations. Concerning Mu- 
 
 nicipal Ownership, viii, 206-209 (191 5). 
 On the hydroelectric power conmiission of Ontario. 
 
 Cannon, L. A. Electric franchises. Canadian Engineer, xxiii, 
 383-385(1912). 
 A sketch of franchise history in Quebec. 
 
 Chace, W. G. Winnipeg municipal electric system. Engineer- 
 ing News, Ixviii, 12-20 (191 2). 
 Engineering description, with diagrams and photographs. 
 
 Christie, A. G. Calgary's municipal power plant. Power, 
 
 xliii, 352-357, 389-390 (1916). 
 
 Chiefly descriptive, but includes brief discussion of rates and operation. 
 Illustrated with diagrams and photographs. 
 
 Lethbridge mimidpal power plant. Power, xliii, 462-466 
 
 (1916). 
 
 Description, with photographs, tables and a diagram. 
 
 Mimidpal electrical utilities of western Canada. Power, 
 
 xliii, 378-381(1916). 
 
 A brief survey of equipment and itemized production costs, including 
 tables, and conclusions from investigation. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION III 
 
 Christie, A. G. Mimicipal power plant at Medicine Hat. 
 Power, xliii, 138-142 (1916). 
 Description, with photographs, diagrams and tables. 
 
 Munidpal power plant operated by Saskatoon, Canada. 
 
 Power, xliii, 606-609 (1916). 
 
 Engineering description, with photographs, tables and a diagram. 
 
 Regina mimidpal power plant. Power, xHi, 776-781 (1915). 
 
 Engineering description, illustrated with photographs and diagrams. 
 
 Curtis, C. E. Taxation of street railways for purposes of revenue 
 and control. Yale Review, viii, 173-201 (1899). 
 A good, technical study. Includes tables showing the practice in vari- 
 ous cities of the United States and Canada. 
 
 Gordon, F. G. R. The seamy side of a famous munidpal en- 
 terprise. Concerning Munidpal Ownership, ix, 30-32 (1916). 
 Anal3rsis of results in Winnipeg. 
 
 The truth about Calgary. Concerning Munidpal Owner- 
 ship, ix, 6 (1916). 
 Analysis of the results of the various munidpal enterprises. 
 
 Hardenburg, W. E. Calgary's municipal street railway. Mu- 
 nidpal Journal, xxxix, 395-397 (1915)- 
 
 A description and discussion of operating results, illustrated with pho- 
 tographs. 
 
 HocKEN, H. C. The hydroelectric system in Toronto. Annals 
 
 of the American Academy of Political and Sodal Science, 
 
 Ivii, 246-253 (1915). 
 
 Brief account of the munidpal plant. 
 
 HoLLOWAY, W. R. Munidpal ownership in Canada. U. S. 
 Consular Reports, Ixxv, no. 285, 971-972 (1904). 
 Current statistics on munidpal ownership in Canada. 
 
 MacLean, a. Mimicipal ownership in Edmonton. Proc, 
 
 American Waterworks Assodation, xxix, 593-597 (1909). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 597-608. An outline of the munidpal activities of 
 Edmonton. 
 
 McLean, S. J. Railway rate regulation in Canada. Forum, 
 xxxiii, 419-429 (1902). 
 A brief historical review. 
 
112 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Melling, H. T. Operating costs for municipal gas-engine plant. 
 
 Power, xliv, 13-14 (1916). 
 
 Description of plant and operation at Edmonton, illustrated with two 
 photographs. 
 
 Robinson, S. C. What would be a proper charge for service 
 under these conditions ? Proc., American Waterworks Asso- 
 ciation, xxviii, 545-547 (1908). 
 
 A very hrief discussion of rates for private fire protection at Walker- 
 ville, Ontario. 
 
 » 
 
 Sara, R. A. Another mimidpal electric plant supplying lighting 
 
 current at 3 cents per kw.-hr. Engineering News, bodi, 655- 
 
 656(1914). 
 
 An account of the Winnipeg plant, with tables of rates and operating 
 statistics. 
 
 Whitten, R. H. The Toronto auction sale and maximmn divi- 
 dend system. {In Regulation of public service companies in 
 Great Britain. New York, 1914.) 204-218. 
 
 France 
 
 BiETTE, L. The metropolitan system of Paris. Trans., Ameri- 
 can Society of Civil Engineers, liv, part F, 299-324 (1904). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 367-376. An engineering description of the Paris 
 metropolitan subway system, illustrated with diagrams. 
 
 Dary, GeorS^s. The charges for electrical energy supply in 
 France. Electrical Review (London), brii, 1045-1046, 1086 
 (1908). 
 A discussion of the electric rates in various cities. 
 
 HoLCOMBE, A. N. The electric lighting s)rstem of Paris. Politi- 
 cal Science Quarterly, xxvi, 122-132 (191 1). 
 A good historical account of the municipal and private plants. 
 
 Leroy-Beaulieu, Paul. Public ownership in France. North 
 American Review, cxcvii, 295-311 (1913). 
 
 An historical anal3rsis and discussion of various government industries 
 in France, railroads and public utilities being included; opposes 
 public ownership. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTILITIES AND OF REGULATION II3 
 
 Whitten, R. H. The Paris subway system: with special refer- 
 ence to franchise terms and conditions. Engineering News, 
 
 Ixv, 70-75 (191 1). 
 
 An excellent description; includes a map. 
 
 Germany 
 
 Barnes, C. E. Mimicipal tramways in Cologne. U. S. Consular 
 Reports, brviii, no. 258, 369-370 (1902). 
 
 A very brief accoimt of the municipal purchase and operation of the 
 tramways. 
 
 Bassett, E. M. Mimidpal ownership of public utilities in Ger- 
 many. American City, viii, 364-366 (1913). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Brooks, R.C. The municipal gas works in Berlin. Yale Review, 
 
 xiv, 361-373; XV, 24-39 (1906). 
 Detailed historical study; with tables of data. 
 
 Municipalization of the Berlin electric works. Quarterly 
 
 Journal of Economics, xxx, 188-194 (191 5). 
 Brief historical accoimt of the plant imder private ownership, and of its 
 recent municipal purchase. 
 
 Dawson, W. H. Trading enterprises. {In Mimicipal life and 
 government in Germany. London, 1914.) 208-259. 
 A brief historical description of the various municipal trading enter- 
 prises, public utilities being treated only incidentally. 
 
 De Fodor, Etienne. Rates for electricity supply. Trans., 
 International Electrical Congress, ii, 500-512 (1904). 
 Discussion: pp. 512-517. Includes rates in German cities. 
 
 Du Bois, J. T. Municipal electric light and power in Germany. 
 U. S. Consular Reports, Ixvi, no. 211, 546 (1898). 
 A very brief list of cities in whidi the mimicipality owns, has built or 
 leases the gas and electric plants. Of historical interest only. 
 
 Fairlie, J. A. Municipal conditions in some European cities. 
 {In Essays in mimicipal administration. New York, 1908.) 
 
 303-315. 
 
 Historical sketches of utility conditions in various German cities. 
 
 Heyn, E. T. The municipal ownership of street railways in Ger- 
 many. American Monthly Review of Reviews, xxxv, 329- 
 
 333 (1907)- 
 
 1 
 
 !1 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
114 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Heyn, E. T. Recent history of municipal ownership in Germany. 
 Municipal Affairs, vi, 614-621 (1903). 
 
 Howe, F. C. Socializing the means of transit. {In European 
 cities at work. New York, 1913.) 177-188. 
 A very popular account of municipal ownership of traction in Germany. 
 
 James, E. J. Municipal gas and electricity in a typical German 
 dty — Halle, A. S. Municipal Affairs, iv, 574-594 (1900). 
 History and analysis, with tables of data. 
 
 Meyer, H. R. Mimidpal ownership in Germany. Journal of 
 
 Political Economy, xiv, 553-567 (1906). 
 
 An annotated historical study, with tables of statistics. Street railways 
 and electric lighting are discussed separately. 
 
 RowE, L. S. Mimidpal ownership and operation of street rail- 
 ways in Germany. Annals of the American Academy of 
 Political and Sodal Science, xxvii, 37-65 (1906). 
 Good critical and historical account, with tables of statistics. 
 
 {In Problems of dty government. New York, 1908.) 
 
 281-329. 
 Reprint. 
 
 Tawney, R. H. Munidpal enterprise in Germany. Economic 
 Review, xx, 423-437 (1910). 
 A good economic analysis; with tables of statistics. 
 
 YouNGMAN, Anna. Frankfort-on-the-Main: a study in Prus- 
 sian conmiimal finance. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 
 xxvii, 150-201, 329-372 (1913). 
 Public utilities are discussed on pp. 332-343. 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 Aiden, Percy. Munidpal ownership. {In Democratic Eng- 
 land. New York, 1912.) 192-214. 
 
 Ashley, Percy. The water, gas, and electric light supply of 
 
 London. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 
 Sodal Sdence, xxvii, 20-36 (1906). 
 
 Historical, each class of utilities being treated separately; brief accotint 
 of mimidpalization; tables of data. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION US 
 
 AvEBURY, J. L. On munidpal and national trading. New 
 
 York, 1907. 177 pp. 
 
 Discusses loss and profit from municipal public utility operation, pp. 
 73-89. The writer opposes municipalization. 
 
 Balmforth, Owen. The progress of munidpal government. 
 Westminster Review, clxxi, 272-280 (1909). 
 History and discussion of mimicipal ownership in Great Britain. 
 
 Bell, Sir James, and Paton, James. Glasgow: its munidpal 
 organization and administration. Glasgow, 1896. 426 pp. 
 
 Ch. v. Public lighting. 
 
 xxvi. G)rporationgasandelectridty. 
 xxviii. The corporation tramways. 
 History and description of the services. 
 
 Bellamy, C. R. Public transportation: with spedal reference 
 to Liverpool tramways. Munidpal Affairs, vi, 706-711 
 
 (1902). 
 
 An historical account, with tables of statistics. Concludes that mu- 
 nidpal ownership has been successful. 
 
 Blake, H. W. Contrast between company and munidpal owner- 
 ship and management of public utilities. Street Railway 
 
 Journal, xxvi, 28-31 (1905). 
 
 Considers the results of municipal ownership in Great Britain, and ap- 
 plies them to conditions in the United States. 
 
 Boyle, James. Munidpal sodalism in England. Mimidpal 
 Journal and Engineer, xiv, 267-269 (1903). 
 
 Munidp^ sodalism in Great Britain. U. S. Consular 
 
 Reports, bdx, no. 262, 375-3^5 (1902). 
 
 An account of the munidpal enterprises in various dties, public util- 
 ities being discussed only incidentally. 
 
 Munidpal Affairs, vi, 268-274 (1902). 
 
 Reprint. 
 Municipal Journal and Engineer, xii, 244-245; xiii, 
 
 9-10 (1902). 
 
 A discussion of municipal trading in Liverpool, public utilities being 
 treated only inddentally. 
 
 British Board of Trade. The finandal position of tramway un- 
 dertakings: owned and worked by munidpal corporations as 
 
 I 
 
ii6 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 indicated by the tramway and light railways return of the 
 board of trade for 1908-1909. Tramway and Railway World, 
 xxvii, 185-188 (1910). 
 An analysis of English municipal ownership statistics; with tables. 
 
 Brooks, Sydney. Public ownership abroad. Concerning Mu- 
 nicipal Ownership, vi, 229-231 (1913); vii, 157-160, 181-1S3 
 (1914). 
 
 BuRDETT, E. W. The agitation for mimidpal ownership in the 
 United States: its origin, meaning, and proper treatment. 
 Proc, National Electric Light Association, 1906: vol. i, 537- 
 
 555. 
 
 Includes an analysis of results of municipal ownership in Great Britain, 
 which the writer believes less successful than commonly thought. 
 
 Mimidpal ownership in Great Britain. Journal of Political 
 
 Economy, xiv, 257-314 (1906). 
 
 An exceUent and thorough study of results, with tables of statistics. 
 The writer concludes that as a whole mimidpal ownership there has 
 not been successful. 
 
 CmsHOLM, Samuel. Mimidpal enterprises. Glasgow, 1901. 
 70 pp. 
 Descriptive. 
 
 Clark, W. J. British mimidpal tramway conditions. Aera, i, 
 
 658-664 (1913). 
 
 The writer condudes that British tramway fares are but little below 
 ours, and without question unprofitable. 
 
 British tramways. (In National Civic Federation. Mu- 
 
 nidpal and private operation of public utilities. New York, 
 
 1907.) Pt. I, vol. i, 444-476. 
 
 A study of conditions and results of oi)eration. 
 
 The figures in the case. Public Service, iv, 89-94 (1908). 
 
 — Munidpal ownership in Great Britain and in the United 
 
 States. Proc., American Street and Interurban Railway 
 
 Assodation, 1907: 271-284. 
 
 A comparison of English and American street railways, with analysis of 
 results. The condusions are strongly in favor of private operation. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTILITIES AND OF REGULATION II7 
 
 Commons, J. R., and Sullivan, J. W. Labor and politics: British 
 gas, electric supply and tramways. (In National Civic Federa- 
 tion. Munidpal and private operation of public utilities. 
 New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. ii, 550^27. 
 
 Labor and politics: gas, electric supply and tram- 
 ways. (In National Civic Federation. Municipal and private 
 operation of public utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. 
 ii, 1-112. 
 
 Ckawford, N. McD., and Woodward, J. H. Engineering 
 matters: British tramways. (In National Civic Federation. 
 Mimidpal and private operation of public utilities. New 
 York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. ii, 453-474- 
 
 Crawford, Robert. Glasgow's experience with mimidpal own- 
 ership and operation. Annals of the American Academy of 
 Political and Sodal Science, xxvii, 1-19 (1906). 
 Good descriptive, historical and critical account. 
 
 Daniels, C. N. Munidpal ownership in Shefl&eld. U. S. Con- 
 sular Reports, no. 294, 64-67 (1905). 
 A brief statistical analysis. 
 
 Darwin, Leonard. Munidpal trade: the advantages and dis- 
 advantages resulting from the substitution of representative 
 bodies for private proprietors in the management of industrial 
 
 undertakings. New York, 1903. 464 PP- 
 An excellent analysis, with some discussion of results in Great Britain. 
 Indudes a few tables of statistics. 
 
 Davies, F. H. British central station rates. Electrical World, 
 
 Iv, 628-629(1910). 
 
 A brief but interesting discussion of the various rates in use in England. • 
 
 Donald, Robert. The case for mimidpal trading. Contem- 
 porary Review, btxxiii, 485-500^ 623-^39 (1903)- 
 An answer to various arguments against munidpal ownership in Great 
 Britain, with an analysis of results. Indudes tables of statistics. 
 
 Recent attacks on munidpal ownership in Great Britain. 
 
 Munidpal Affairs, vi, 579-^i3 (1902). 
 
 Historical and critical analysis, in answer to attacks on municipal owner- 
 ship. Indudes many tables of statistics. 
 
 

 1 1 8 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Donald, Robert. Street railways in British towns: municipal 
 
 systems compared with company enterprises. Mimidpal 
 
 AflFairs, iv, 31-39 (1900). 
 
 A popular comparison of English mimicipal and private tramway oper- 
 ation, the conclusion being favorable to municipal ownership under 
 British conditions of local government. 
 
 Success of mimidpal ownership in Great Britain. Street 
 
 Railway Journal, xxi, 30-35, 72-76 (1903). 
 
 An answer to statements by certain opponents of municipal ownership, 
 with illustrative statistics. 
 
 Fairlie, J. A. Munidpal activities in Great Britain. (/» 
 Essays in munidpal administration. New York, 1908.) 287- 
 302. 
 An historical discussion of municipal ownership in various cities. 
 
 FoRSTALL, A. E. Brief history of gas legislation in Great Britain 
 and extracts from acts applying the sliding scale and auction 
 dauses. Proc, American Gas Institute, iv, 702-713 (1909). 
 Appendix to " * Sliding scale * regulations of prices and rates of dividend 
 for gas companies." 
 
 Gardiner, W. H., Jr. The London sliding scale as a method for 
 the government regulation of public service corporations. 
 
 Glasgow (Corporation). Handbook on the municipal enter- 
 prises. Glasgow, 1904. 147 pp. 
 
 Gas: pp. 1 1 2-1 14. 
 
 Water: pp. 114-119. 
 
 Electricity: pp. 120-124. 
 
 Tramways: pp. 125-129. 
 
 On the history and present status of municipal ownership in Glasgow. 
 
 GuYOT, Yves. Where and why public ownership has failed. 
 
 New York, 1914. 459 pp. 
 
 Operation of gas and electricity in the United Kingdom: pp. 127-135. 
 Tramways in Great Britain: pp. 136-150. 
 
 Hale, R. S. Munidpal ownership in England : the British prob- 
 lem considered from an American viewpoint. Cassier's 
 Magazine, xxxii, 3-11, 178-185, 237-249 (1907). 
 An analysis of the results of munidpal ownership of various utilities. 
 
 The writer concludes that the municipal enterprises in England are 
 
 well run but with little initiative. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION II9 
 
 Hamlen, E. W. Glasgow and its munidpal tramways. Moody's 
 
 Magazine, ii, 652-655 (1906). 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 A brief comparison of Glasgow and Boston traction, favoring private 
 ownership. 
 Hamm, W. C. City-owned street cars. U. S. Consular Reports, 
 
 no. 286, 121-125 (1904). 
 
 A brief historical sketch and description of the tramways in Hull, illus- 
 trated with photographs. 
 
 Engineering Record, 1, 173-176 (1904). 
 
 Howe, F. C. The British dty: the beginnmgs of democracy. 
 
 New York, 1Q07. 370 pp. 
 
 Ch. vi. The growth and extent of municipal trading, 
 vii. The cities and the tramways, 
 viii. The gas supply, 
 ix. The electricity supply. 
 The chapters listed give a popular survey of the history and manage- 
 ment of municipal utilities in Great Britain. The writer favors mu- 
 nicipal ownership. 
 Does munidpal ownership pay ? {In The dty: the hope 
 
 of democracy. New York, 1906.) 136-157. 
 
 A popular analysis of the results of municqwd ownership in Great Britain, 
 the writer favoring municipalization. Indudes some tables of sta- 
 tistics. 
 European dties at work. New York, 1913. 370 pp. 
 
 Municipal ownership of the gas supply: pp. 328-333. 
 
 Municipal transit in Great Britain: pp.334"-344- 
 
 Municipal ownership in Great Britain. Bulletin of the 
 
 Bureau of Labor, no. 62, 1-123 (1906). 
 A thorough historical study and analysis; good. The writer favors mu- 
 nidpaUzation. 
 
 James, R. C, and Turner, E. H. General remarks upon finan- 
 cial conditions. {In National Civic Federation. Munidpal 
 and private operation of public utilities. New York, 1907.) 
 Pt. II, vol. ii, 628-647. 
 
 Jeckell, J. A. The supply of cheap electrical energy for indus- 
 trial purposes. Electrical Engineer, new series, xxxv, 707-710 
 
 (1905). 
 
 Chiefly on the historical development of the electrical industry in Great 
 
 Britain, and the desirability of a cheap supply of current. Indudes 
 
 tables and charts. 
 
I20 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Klumpp, J. B., and Winchester, A. E. Engineering matters: 
 British electricity supply works. (In National Civic Federa- 
 tion. Municipal and private operation of public utilities. 
 New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. ii, 292-382. 
 
 Knoop, Douglas. Principles and methods of municipal trading. 
 London, 191 2. 409 pp. 
 A thorough critical and historical study. 
 
 Lowell, A. L. Mimicipal trading. (In The government of 
 England. 2d edition. New York, 191 2.) 11,233-267. 
 
 A good general discussion of municipal trading, public utilities being 
 treated only incidentally. 
 
 Lyons, B. F. Municipal ownership. Progressive Age, xxiv, 39- 
 46 (1906). 
 Discussion of method of studying results of existing municipal plants, 
 
 with analyses of the results in Wheeling, Manchester and Sheffield 
 
 for illustration. 
 
 Municipal ownership of gas works. Municipal Engineer- 
 ing, XXX, 49-58 (1906). 
 
 Macassey, Lynden. Transportation facilities and street rail- 
 way trafl&c in London. Annals of the American Academy of 
 Political and Social Science, xxvii, 66-71 (1906). 
 Brief description, with statistics. 
 
 McKekrow, H. G. Some results in municipal ownership in 
 Great Britain. Arena, xxxvii, 387-395 (1907). 
 A popular analysis. 
 
 For a reply, see Frank Parsons, " Mr. McKerrow's argument against 
 municipal ownership." 
 
 Mahin, F. W. Nottingham municipal tramway. U. S. Con- 
 sular Reports, bodv, no. 280, 82 (1904). 
 
 On the results of operation; the writer considers municipal operation 
 highly successful. 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. Gas lighting in Great Britain. Mimidpal 
 
 Affairs, iv, 538-573 (1900). 
 
 A general historical study and analysis. Concludes that mimicipal 
 ownership ha^ been more successful than private. 
 
 General history and legislation: British electricity supply 
 
 works. (In National Civic Federation. Municipal and pri- 
 
 HISTORY OP UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 121 
 
 vate operation of public utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, 
 vol. 11,248-291. 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. General history and legislation: British gas 
 works. (In National Civic Federation. Municipal and pri- 
 vate operation of public utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, 
 vol. ii, 113-161. 
 
 General history and legislation: British tramways. (In 
 
 National Civic Federation. Municipal and private opera- 
 tion of public utiHties. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. ii, 
 
 383-452- 
 Glasgow's mimicipal tramways. Municipal Affairs, iv, 
 
 40-59(1900). 
 
 A brief description and analysis, with tables of statistics. 
 
 Municipal and private management of gas and electricity 
 
 in Great Britain. (In National Civic Federation. Municipal 
 and private operation of public utilities. New York, 1907.) 
 Pt. I, vol. 1,185-261. 
 A detailed analysis of results. 
 
 A tale of two cities: water supply in London and Phila- 
 delphia. Municipal Affairs, iii, 193-214 (1899). 
 An historical and comparative study of the private supply in London 
 and the mimicipal supply in Philadelphia, favoring mimicipal owner- 
 ship; includes tables of statistics. 
 
 Taxation of gas, electric supply and tramway undertakings 
 
 in Great Britain. (In National Civic Federation. Municipal 
 
 and private operation of public utilities. New York, 1907.) 
 
 Pt. n, vol. ii, 516-549- 
 Marston, Glenn. Municipal ownership in England. Public 
 
 Service, xii, 45-46, 87-88, 187-188, 235-236 (191 2). 
 
 General discussion, and history by cities. The writer concludes that 
 municipal plants in England as a rule are failures both financially and 
 as to service. 
 Massachusetts Legislature. The London sliding scale of prices 
 
 and dividends as applied to gas companies. Boston, 1906. 
 
 85 PP- 
 
 Report of a special committee to the Massachusetts legislature. 
 
122 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Matthews, Nathan. Report on the London sliding scale. {In 
 Gardiner, W. H., Jr. The London sliding scale as a method 
 for the government regulation of public service corporations. 
 ?,?) 23-118. 
 
 Mawdesley, R. T. Municipal electricity supply at Johannes- 
 burg. Electrical Review (London), Ixxviii, 89-91, loo-ioi, 
 i53-iSS» 165-166 (1916). 
 An eDgineering description, with photographs, diagrams and tables. 
 
 Meyer, H. R. Great Britain's lesson. Moody's Magazine, ii, 
 532-534 (1906). 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 
 Mimicipal ownership in Great Britain. New York, 1906. 
 
 340 pp. 
 
 An historical and critical study. The author favors private ownership. 
 
 Journal of Political Economy, xiii, 481-505 (1905). 
 
 An historical and analytical study, with tables of statistics. The writer 
 opposes mimicipal ownership. Summary of several chapters of his 
 book by the same title. 
 
 Public Service, xxi, 89-91 (1916). 
 
 A brief selection from his book by the same title. 
 
 MiNSHALL, T. H. London's electrical future. Fortnightly Re- 
 view, Ixxxix (new series, Ixxxiii), 498-511 (1908). 
 The history of the electrical supply of London, and its municipalization. 
 
 MoTT, Basil, and Hay, David. Undergroimd railways in Great 
 
 Britain. Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, liv, 
 
 part F, 325-348 (1904). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 367-376. A technical engineering description, with 
 many diagrams. 
 
 Newbigging, William, and Klumpp, J. B . Engineering matters : 
 British gas works, (/n National Civic Federation. Municipal 
 and private operation of public utilities. New York, 1907.) 
 Pt. n, vol. ii, 162-207. 
 
 Owen, Mark. Public ownership and the increase of taxation in 
 Great Britain. Concerning Mimicipal Ownership, vi, 153- 
 
 156 (1913)- 
 
 HISTORY OF UTIUTIES AND OF REGULATION 1 23 
 
 Parsons, Frank. British tramway history. {In National Civic 
 Federation. Municipal and private operation of public util- 
 ities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. ii, 699-747. 
 
 British tramways. {In National Civic Federation. Mu- 
 nicipal and private operation of public utilities. New York, 
 1907.) Pt. I, vol. i, 261-302. 
 A detailed analysis of the results of operation. 
 
 Glasgow's great record: a complete history of the pioneer 
 
 experiment in municipal ownership of street car service in 
 
 Great Britain. Arena, xxxii, 461-472 (1904). 
 
 Popular account, with tables of statistics; favors municipal ownership. 
 
 Mr. McKerrow's argument against municipal ownership. 
 
 Arena, xxxvii, 396-400 (1907). 
 
 A reply to H. G. McKerrow, " Some results in mimicipal ownership in 
 Great Britain.'' 
 
 Pearson, George. Municipal trading. Electrical Engineer, 
 
 new series, xxiii, 753-757 (1899). 
 
 An historical account and anal3rsis with tables of statistics, and a state- 
 ment of the argimients for and against municipalization. The writer 
 favors mimidpal ownership. 
 
 Perkins, F. C. Municipal electric railways at Wellington, New 
 Zealand. Electrical Review, xlix, 247-f25o (1906). 
 A description, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Porter, R. P. The dangers of municipal ownership. New York, 
 
 1907- 356 pp. 
 
 An historical study of municipal ownership in Great Britain, with ap- 
 plication of the conclusion to conditions in the United States. 
 
 The dangers of municipal trading. London, 1907. 320 pp. 
 
 An English reprint of " The dangers of municipal ownership," with two 
 additional chapters. 
 
 Failure of municipal ownership in England. Street Rail- 
 way Journal, xx, 153-158, 310-314 (1902). 
 
 Rider, J. H. Charges for supply from combined lighting and 
 
 traction stations. Electrical Engineer, new series, xxxvi, 24- 
 
 26 (1905). 
 
 An analysis of costs, with tables of rates charged in various Bn^i^ish 
 cities. 
 
124 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 RoYSE, C. A. Will public ownership increase or diminish politi- 
 cal corruption ? Arena, xxxviii, 373-384 (1907). 
 
 An historical sketch of political corruption in England from the earliest 
 times. The writer concludes that public ownership of monopolies 
 will decrease corruption. 
 
 Seabrook, a. H. An English central station rate system. Elec- 
 trical World, liv, 919-921 (1909). 
 
 A proposed schedule of electric rates for the Borough of St. Marylebone, 
 with suggested tables of rates and discussion. 
 
 Smithson, R. A. Mimicipal operation of tramways: some points 
 of a committee's policy. Tramway and Railway World, 
 
 1906: 339-341. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 341-347. On the municipal street railways of Leeds. 
 
 Taylor, Benjamin. Municipal Glasgow. North American Re- 
 view, clxxxiv, 590-603 (1907). 
 
 A popular analysis of the good and bad points of the different mimicipal 
 activities. Refers to other activities as well as pubhc utilities opera- 
 tion. 
 
 The municipal ownership of tramways in the United King- 
 
 dom. Cassier's Magazine, xvi, 381-388 (1899). 
 
 A popular analysis of municipal operation in various cities, with tables 
 of statistics. The writer favors private ownership. 
 
 ToppiN, W. A. The present tendency of charging for electricity. 
 Electrical Review (London), Ix, 945-947 (1907). 
 
 A discussion of the lack of uniformity of rates in English towns, with 
 a tabulation of rates and reasons for the recent changes in each. 
 
 TowLER, W. G. Socialism in local government. New York, 
 
 1909. 336 pp. 
 
 A popular study of the increase in municipal socialism in Great Britain, 
 the writer opposing municipal trading. 
 
 Turner, E. H., and James, R. C. Financial matters: British 
 gas works. (In National Civic Federation. Municipal and 
 private operation of public utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. 
 n, vol. ii, 208-247. 
 
 Financial matters: British tramways. (In National 
 
 Civic Federation. Municipal and private operation of public 
 utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. ii, 475-515. 
 
 HISTORY OF UTILITIES AND OF REGULATION 12 S 
 
 Whttten, R. H. Regulation of public service companies in 
 Great Britain: with supplemental chapters on the Boston 
 sliding scale and Toronto auction sale and maximum dividend 
 
 plans. New York, 1914. 231 pp. 
 
 Reprinted from 1913 Annual report of PubUc service commission for 
 the first district, New York. An exceUent study of the sUdmg scale. 
 
 WiLKiE, J. E. Sidelights on London tramways. Aera, iii, 1077- 
 
 1083 (1915)- 
 
 Williams, E. E. How London loses by municipal ownership. 
 North American Review, clxxxiii, 729^736 (1906). 
 
 Wilson, Alexander. Presidential address: Institution of gas 
 engineers, annual meeting, June, 191 1 . Journal of Gas Light- 
 ing, Water Supply, and Sanitary Improvement, cxiv, 725-734 
 
 (1911)- 
 
 A very good historical sketch of the Glasgow gas works under pnvate 
 
 and municipal management, and an engineering description of the 
 
 plant. Includes diagrams and tables of statistics. 
 
 Yerbury, H. E. Equitable charges for tramway supply. Jour- 
 nal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, xliv, 576-600 
 
 (1910). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 606-^63. Includes tables of rates charged in Great 
 Britain, and charts. 
 
 Tramway and Railway World, xxvii, 108-111 (1910)- 
 
 Discussion: pp. 111-112. Abstract. 
 
 Italy 
 
 BAcm, RiccARDO. Public gas works in Italy. Municipal Affairs, 
 
 iv, 595-605 (1900)- ^ , 
 
 A brief historical account, various cities being discussed separately. 
 
 Fairlie, J. A. Mimicipal government in Italy. (In Essays in 
 municipal admmistration. New York, 1908.) 330^349- 
 Includes a very brief discussion of public utilities and municipal owner- 
 ship in various cities. 
 
 Magrini, Effren. Milan street railways. Municipal Affairs, 
 
 vi, 116-123(1902). 
 
 A description of the Milan system of municipal ownership and private 
 operation, which is asserted to be a success. Includes Ubles of sta- 
 tistics. 
 
126 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Semenza, Gumo. Methods of charging for electric motive 
 power. Proc., National Electric Light Association, 1907: 
 vol. i, 520-532. 
 On the methods in use in Italy; technical, with formulae and charts. 
 
 Japan 
 
 Katagiri, Yosrao. Municipal electric road of Osaka. Mu- 
 nicipal Journal and Engineer, xxvi, 1 71-173 (1909). 
 
 A brief description of the only municipal street railway in Japan; illus- 
 trated with a map and photographs. 
 
 TsuKAMOTO, C. Hydroelectric power from snow clad Fujiyama. 
 Electrical World, Ixvi, 910-913 (1915). 
 
 Description, illustrated with photographs, of one of the electric systems 
 supplying Tokio. 
 
 Spain 
 
 Jones, C. L. Madrid: its government and municipal services. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xxvii, 1 20-131 (1906). 
 Public utility services form only a part of the article; chiefly descriptive. 
 
 Sweden 
 
 Andreason, E. Substation of Stockhohn municipal system. 
 Electrical World, bd, 1305-1308 (1913). 
 
 Description of plant and operating features, illustrated with photo- 
 graphs. 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 LiEBERKNECHT, A. Development of Zurich tramways. U. S. 
 Consular Reports, Ixv, no. 245, 236-237 (1901). 
 
 III. FRANCHISES 
 
 GENERAL WORKS 
 
 Adams, A. D. Street lighting contracts. Municipal Journal and 
 Engineer, xxiii, 630-631 (1907). 
 
 Ayuesworth, M. H. Franchises and public welfare. Aera, iv, 
 
 545-547 (1916). 
 Elementary. 
 
 Baker, M. N. Municipal franchises and contracts. {In Mimic- 
 ipal engineering and sanitation. New York, 1902.) 264-274. 
 Brief, elementary discussion of principles. 
 
 Brady, A. W. Some phases of the franchise question. Aera, i, 
 
 930-^39 (1913)- 
 
 A good general discussion of franchises and length of term. 
 
 Brady, J. E. Gas franchises and privileges: their legal char- 
 acteristics and constructions which the courts have placed 
 upon them. American Gas Light Journal, xdi, 11 79-1 182; 
 xdii, 51-52 (1910). 
 
 Breen, I. R. A municipal franchise is a valuable asset and 
 should be so treated by those in authority. Proc., American 
 Society of Mimidpal Improvements, 1908: 27-33. 
 
 Burgess, Philip. Points of difference in waterworks franchises. 
 American City, xii, 318-320 (1915). 
 
 A popular discussion of provisions that may be included in renewals of 
 waterworks franchises. 
 
 Cooper, H.S. Franchises. Street Railway Review, xi, 304-305, 
 
 364-365, 409-410, 57<>-57i (1901). 
 
 A general discussion of franchises, methods of granting and provisions; 
 very popular. 
 
 " Special privilege." Public Service, xvi, 143-^45 (1914)- 
 
 ' 
 
 Elementary. 
 
 i«7 
 
128 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Dewey, D.R. Legal aspects of corporation franchises. (/« Mc- 
 Laughlin, A. C, and Hart, A. B. Cyclopedia of American 
 government. New York, 1914.) ii, 45-48. 
 
 DiCKERMAN, J. C. Standards of service clauses in street lighting 
 contracts. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 2, 2-7 (1915). 
 An elementary discussion of the various contracts now in use. 
 
 Dickey, C. H. Obligations imposed by the possession of a 
 franchise. Proc, American Gas Institute, ii, 289-302 (1907). 
 Discussion: pp. 302-306. Elementary. 
 
 DxjNKEL, J. H. The municipality and the company. Public 
 Service, xv, 11-12 (1913). 
 Discussion of franchise and politics; popular. 
 
 Elliott, E. L. Indefinite candle power in municipal contracts. 
 Proc, National Electric Light Association, 1907: vol. I, 246- 
 252. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 263-287. On the misunderstandings caused by indefi- 
 nite standards in the contracts and the need for greater exactness. 
 
 Floy, Henry. Indefinite obligations in municipal contracts. 
 Proc, National Electric Light Association, 1907: vol. i, 254- 
 
 257- 
 
 Discussion: pp. 263-287. On the need for definiteness in contract re- 
 quirements, and for maintaining sufficient records to prevent mis- 
 imderstandings. 
 
 FooTE, A, R. Economic aspects of municipal franchises. Elec- 
 trical Review, xxxvi, 210-213 (1900). 
 A very general and elementary discussion. 
 
 How should the franchise question be settled ? {In Mu- 
 nicipal public service industries. Chicago, 1899.) 5-86. 
 
 Foster, H. A. Franchise. {In Engineering valuation of public 
 
 utilities and factories. New York, 191 2.) 236-251. 
 
 A good discussion of franchises and their terms, franchise valuation and 
 taxation; with many quotations from court and commission decisions. 
 
 Gaskill, D. L. The relation of electric light companies to 
 municipalities from a legal standpoint. Electrical Review, 
 xxxix, 412-414 (1901). 
 Abstract. Consists chiefly of a popular discussion of franchises. 
 
 FRANCHISES 
 
 129 
 
 HiGGiNS, E. E. Municipal and private management of street 
 railways: a study of results and possibilities. Municipal 
 
 Affairs, i, 458-490 (1897)- 
 
 A long, popular discussion, with tables and diagrams. The writer is 
 
 strongly opposed to municipal ownership, and favors profit sharing 
 
 and other contractual regulations. 
 
 Kealy, p. J. Municipal cooperation in public utility manage- 
 ment. Trans., American Institute of Electrical Engineers, 
 
 xxxiv, 2533-2544 (1915)- 
 
 Discussion: pp. 2545-2548. Considers the various possible forms of 
 payment by the utility to the city. 
 
 Municipal cooperation in utility management. Electric 
 
 Railway Journal, xlvi, 861-863 (1915)- 
 Abstract. 
 
 King,C.L. Franchise essentials, (/n The regulation of munici- 
 pal utilities. New York, 191 2.) 75-98. 
 
 McLean, George. Theory of public utility franchises. Elec- 
 tric Railway Journal, xlvii, 899-900 (1916). 
 Abstract. A very general, popular discussion. 
 
 Public Service, xx, 166-168 (1916). 
 
 Matthews, Nathan. Relations with public service corpora- 
 tions. {In Municipal charters. Cambridge, 1914-) 43-49- 
 A good elementary discussion of franchise terms and the necessary city 
 charter provisions. 
 
 Mead, E. S. Financial aspects of corporation franchises. {In 
 McLaughlin, A. C, and Hart, A. B. Cyclopedia of Ameri- 
 can government. New York, 1914-) ii> 44- 
 
 Peters, J. W. S., and Wilcox, D. F. Outline of sections for a 
 
 model street railway franchise, (/n Beard, C. A. American 
 
 dty government. New York, 191 2.) 389-393. 
 
 Report of a committee of the National municipal league. 
 
 A general discussion of franchise provisions with recommendations. 
 
 . A suggested sliding scale of dividends for street railways, 
 
 determined by quality of service. National Mxinicipal Re- 
 view, ii, 31-38 (1913)- 
 Very interesting and novel; includes illustrative tables. 
 
I30 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Pope, Herbert. Municipal contracts and the regulation of 
 rates. Harvard Law Review, xvi, 1-2 1 (1902). 
 
 On the validity and effect of contract and franchise provisions as to rates. 
 RowE, L. S. The relation of the city to public utilities. (In 
 Problems of city government. New York, 1908.) 208-240. 
 
 A good elementary discussion, with some reference to franchise terms 
 and provisions. 
 
 Spencer, A. W. Should public franchises be treated as corporate 
 property ? Annals of the American Academy of Political 
 and Social Science, xxix, 352-356 (1907). 
 
 Weston, C. V. Street railway franchises. Proc., American 
 Street and Interurban Railway Association, 1910: 254-263. 
 Discussion: pp. 263-269. General discussion of franchise provisions. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xxxvi, 813-815 (1910). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Whinery, Samuel. Quasi-public corporations and their con- 
 trol. {In Municipal public works: their inception, construc- 
 tion and management. New York, 1903.) 219-241. 
 An elementary discussion of franchises and their terms and conditions. 
 
 Wilcox, D.F. The control of pubKc utilities. (/« The Ameri- 
 can city: a problem in democracy. New York, 191 1.) 52^90. 
 A very good elementary discussion of franchises and their terms and 
 requirements, and of municipal ownership. The writer favors mu- 
 nicipal ownership as a theory, but believes proper franchise control 
 to be better for the present. 
 
 Elements of a constructive franchise policy. Proc., Na- 
 tional Conference for Good City Government, 1910: 170- 
 189. 
 
 A good account of traction franchise history in New York City and dis- 
 cussion of a proposed franchise policy. 
 
 (^» King, C. L. The regulation of municipal utilities. 
 New York, 1912.) 137-164. 
 Revised reprint. 
 
 Franchise provisions in commission charters and statutes. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xxxviii, 783-797 (191 1). 
 
 Good elementary discussion. 
 
 FRANCHISES 
 
 131 
 
 ■\\ 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. How to make a study of local utility franchises. 
 
 American City, x, 326-329 (1914)- 
 
 A popular account of franchises and their provisions with suggestions 
 for a franchise survey. 
 
 Municipal franchises: a description of the terms and con- 
 ditions upon which private corporations enjoy special privi- 
 leges in the streets of American cities. New York, 1910- 
 1911. 2 vols. 
 
 Vol. I. Introductory: pipe and wire franchises. 
 Ch. i. How franchise rights are acquired, 
 ii. What a franchise signifies. 
 iii. Monopoly profits, and ways of limiting them. 
 iv. Injuries to individuals, and ways of preventing them. 
 v. Temptations to public wrong, and ways of overcoming them, 
 vi. Electric light, heat and power as a public utility. 
 vii. Franchise conditions imposed on electric light and power com- 
 panies, 
 zii. Electrical conduits, 
 xiii. Waterworks and water supply franchises. 
 xix. Artificial and natural gas as public utilities. 
 XX. Gas franchises where only artificial gas is available, 
 xxi. Gas franchises in cities within reach of natural gas fields. 
 Vol. n. Transportation franchises: taxation and control of public 
 
 utilities. 
 Ch. xxii. The street railway as a factor in modem life, 
 xxiii. Elements of a model street railway franchise. 
 xxiv. Street railway franchises in greater New York. 
 XXV. The street railway settlement franchises of Chicago and Cleve- 
 land, 
 xxvi. Street railway franchises that are perpetual, 
 xxvii. Street railway franchises that are indeterminate, 
 xxviii. Exclusive street railway franchises, 
 xxix. Street railway franchises granted for compensation. 
 Low fare street railway franchises. 
 Miscellaneous street railway franchises. 
 Franchises for elevated railways. 
 xxxiv. Interurban railway franchises. 
 
 xxxix. Constitutional and statutory limitations affecting local fran- 
 chise grants. 
 xl. The initiative and referendimi in franchise matters, 
 xli. Supervision of local utilities by state conunissions. 
 xlii. Local utility departments, franchise bureaus and special ex- 
 perts, 
 xliv. Compensation for franchises and taxation of public utility 
 properties. 
 
1 
 
 
 132 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Ch. xlv. Capitalization, capital value, appraisals and purchase price. 
 
 xlvi. Municipal owner^ip. 
 Appendix: Minneapolis gas settlement ordinances. 
 
 An excellent and exhaustive treatise, in popular form, on all franchise 
 problems. Includes a discussion of the franchises in force in practi- 
 cally all important American cities. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F., and Peters, J. W. S. Suggestions for a model 
 street railway franchise. {In King, C. L. The regiilation of 
 municipal utilities. New York, 191 2.) 165-181. 
 Discusses the relation of the agency theory to valuation. 
 
 What a street railway franchise should contain. American 
 
 City, vii, 129-132 (1912). 
 
 Abstract. A good brief outline of essential franchise provisions. 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 United States and Foreign 
 
 Curtis, C. E. Street railways and their relation to the public. 
 Yale Review, vi, 17-36 (1897). 
 
 A very good, early review of comparative franchise and municipal 
 ownership history in the United States, Canada and Great Britain. 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. Report on the indeterminate franchise for 
 public utilities. New York, 1908. 34 pp. 
 
 Report submitted to the New York public service conunission for the 
 first district. 
 
 An exceUent summary of the arguments for and against perpetual, 
 term and indeterminate franchises. Includes a discussion of the ex- 
 perience with the indeterminate permit of Massachusetts, Wisconsin, 
 Chicago, Washington, D. C, Porto Rico, Philippines and New York 
 City. 
 
 United States — General 
 
 American Academy of Political and Social Science. Municipal 
 ownership and mimicipal franchises. Annals of the American 
 Academy of Political and Social Science, xxvii, no. i (1906). 
 
 258 pp. 
 
 For contents, see p. 334. 
 
 Beard, C. A. Franchises and public utilities. {In American 
 city government. New York, 1912.) 190-217. 
 
 On the former corrupt practices with regard to utility franchises, and 
 franchise principles. 
 
 FRANCHISES 
 
 133 
 
 Brown, C. C. A modern franchise for a public service corpora- 
 tion. Mimicipal Engineering, xlviii, 89-93 (191 5). 
 A r6sum6 of the conditions in a new franchise in " a small city." 
 
 DuRAND, E. D. Street railway franchises, public regulation and 
 public ownership in the United States of America. Royal 
 Commission on London Traffic, iv, 593-609 (1906). 
 Comprehensive discussion and tabulation of the laws of various states. 
 
 Fairlie, J. A. Recent extensions of municipal functions in the 
 
 United States. Annals of the American Academy of Political 
 
 and Social Science, xxv, 299-310 (1905). 
 
 Franchises: pp. 308-310. 
 
 Brief account of recent municipal ownership and franchise history in 
 the United States. 
 
 Recent legislation on mimicipal functions in the United 
 
 States. {In Essays in municipal administration. New York, 
 
 1908.) 145-163. 
 
 Franchises and public control: pp. 158-163. 
 
 Revised from his article entitled " Recent extensions of mimicipal func' 
 tions in the United States.'' 
 
 HoDGKiNS, H. C. Franchises of public utilities as they were and 
 as they are. Journal of the American Waterworks Association, 
 
 11,739-758 (1915)- 
 
 A very interesting study, giving a brief review of franchise history, 
 tables of the terms of franchises in each state and of the kinds of 
 utilities coming imder the jiuisdiction of the various conunissions, 
 with discussion. 
 
 U. S. Bureau of the Census. Central electric light and power 
 stations, 1902. Washington, 1905. 175 pp. 
 Franchises: pp. 82-85. 
 
 Street and electric railways, 1902. Washington, 1905. 
 
 439 PP- 
 
 Franchises, public regulation and public ownership: pp. 126-148. 
 
 Street and electric railways, 1907. Washington, 1910. 
 
 575 PP- 
 
 Franchises, public regulation and public ownership: pp. 291-299. 
 
134 BIBUOGRAPBY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Wilcox, D.F. Municipal franchises: a description of the tenns 
 and conditions upon which private corporations enjoy special 
 privileges in the streets of American cities. New York, 1910- 
 191 1. 2 vols. 
 An exhaustive treatise, in popular form, including an account of the 
 
 franchises in force in practically all important American cities. For 
 
 list of chapters, see p. 131. 
 
 California 
 
 Plehn, C. C. The taxation of franchises in California. Na- 
 tional Municipal Review, i, 337"354 (1912). 
 A good historical and critical account. 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 Arnold, B. J. Foundation principles in valuation. Electric 
 
 Railway Journal, xliv, 7i3-7i9> 803-806 (1915)- 
 
 Abstract. 
 Foundation principles of utility valuation with special 
 
 application to plans for resettlement. Aera, iv, 189-214 
 
 (1915)- 
 Abstract. 
 
 Foundation principles of utility valuation with special ap- 
 plication to resettlement plans. Proc., American Electric 
 Railway Association, 191 5: 139-187. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 188-198. Notes on San Francisco traction resettle- 
 ment: pp. 176-178; with a chart. 
 
 Franchise and legal matters. {In Report on the improve- 
 ment and development of the transportation facilities of San 
 Francisco. San Francisco, 1913) 359"4io- 
 Report on legal and franchise matters, charter amendments 
 
 FRANCHISES 
 
 13s 
 
 to the Board of supervisors, city of San Francisco. ?, 191 2. 
 
 28 pp. 
 
 ^ Colorado 
 
 Denver 
 
 King, C. L. The history of the government of Denver, with 
 special reference to its relations with public service corpora- 
 tions. Denver, 1911. 322 pp. 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Arnold, B. J. Foundation prmdples in valuation. Electric 
 
 Railway Journal, xlvi, 713-719) 803-806 (1915)- 
 Abstract. 
 
 Foundation principles of utility valuation with special ap- 
 plication to plans for resettlements. Aera, iv, 189-214 (i9i5)* 
 Abstract. 
 
 Foundation principles of utility valuation with special ap- 
 plication to resettlement plans. Proc, American Electric 
 
 Railway Association, 1915: 139-187. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 188-198. Notes on Chicago traction resettlement: pp. 
 
 169-173; with charts. 
 -, Fleming, H. B., and Weston, George. Phases in the 
 
 development of the street railways of Chicago. Journal of 
 
 the Western Society of Engineers, xiv, 641-668 (1909). 
 
 A brief historical sketch, by B. J. Arnold: pp. 641-646. 
 Fairlie, J. A. The Chicago street railways: a supplementary 
 
 note. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxii, 47^479 (1908). 
 
 Supplementary to " The street railway question in Chicago." 
 
 The street railway question in Chicago. Quarterly Journal 
 
 of Economics, xxi, 370-403 (1907)- 
 A thorough historical study. 
 
 {In Essays in municipal administration. New York, 
 
 1908.) 230-261. 
 Reprint. 
 Fay, C.N. The city gets fifty-five per cent. Outlook, xcii, 407- 
 
 413 (1909). 
 
 A very popular account of the Chicago traction settlement, by which 
 55 per cent of gross earnings are paid to the city. 
 Heilman, R. E. The Chicago subway problem. Journal of 
 
 Political Economy, xxii, 992-1005 (1914)- 
 
 A discussion of recent subway franchise history in Chicago. 
 Chicago traction: a study of the efforts of the public to 
 
 secure good service. Publications, American Economic 
 
 Association, 3d series, ix, 313-443 (1908). 
 Thorough historical study of the history of Chicago traction, franchises 
 and the municipal ownership movement. 
 
Pi '' 
 
 I 
 
 f 
 
 .4 ' 
 
 i'l < 
 
 ■i 
 
 f I 
 
 II, 
 
 136 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Chicago — continued. 
 
 HoTCHKiss, W. E. Chicago traction: a study in political evo- 
 lution. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, xxviii, 385-404 (1906). 
 
 Treats of the history of traction franchises in Chicago, largely from a 
 government student's viewpoint. 
 
 Recent phases of Chicago's transportation problem. Annals 
 
 of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 
 
 xxxi, 85-95 (1908). 
 
 Franchise history in 1907. Supplementary to his " Chicago traction: 
 a study in political evolution." 
 
 MiLLis, H. A. The present street railway situation in Chicago. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xx, 356-367 (1902). 
 Chiefly franchise history. 
 
 OssosKi, Sidney. The Chicago plan of street railway super- 
 vision and control. Electric Railway Journal, xxxvi, 218-220 
 (1910). 
 A critical account of the franchise and ordinance provisions. 
 
 Sixes, G. C. Chicago's struggle for freedom from traction rule. 
 Outlook, Ixxxii, 748-753 (1906). 
 
 ToLMAN, E. B. Chicago's traction question. World Today, ix, 
 
 1181-1187 (1905); X, 637-645 (1906). 
 
 A full popular account of traction franchise history in Chicago; illus- 
 trated with photographs. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. How the Chicago and Cleveland street railway 
 settlements are working out. National Municipal Review, 
 i, 630-638 (191 2). 
 A good analysis. 
 
 Engineering News, Ixviii, 526-529 (191 2). 
 
 The street railway settlement franchises of Chicago and 
 
 Cleveland. (In Municipal franchises. New York, 1911.) 
 
 11,141-191. 
 
 A thorough historical study. 
 
 FRANCHISES 
 
 137 
 
 Lake Forest 
 
 Alvord, J. W. A cooperative waterworks franchise. Proc, 
 
 American Waterworks Association, xxx, 110-118 (1910). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 1 18-122. An account of the main features of an ordi- 
 nance in Lake Forest. A part of the net profits go to a sinking fund 
 for mimicipal purchase of the property. 
 
 Indiana 
 
 CrawfofdsvUle 
 
 Brown, C. C. Some new provisions in a proposed franchise for 
 a municipal public service corporation. Proc, American 
 Society of Municipal Improvements, 1909: 274-288. 
 A reprint of the franchise ordinance, with some discussion. 
 
 Indianapolis 
 
 Brown, C. C. How a private gas company at Indianapolis is 
 
 controlled in the public interest. Engineering News, Ix, 674- 
 
 675 (1908). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 A modem municipal franchise. Proc., American Society 
 
 of Municipal Improvements, 1908 : 20-26. 
 On the franchise of the Citizens* gas company. 
 
 Municipal Engineering, xxxv, 306-309 (1908). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Des Moines 
 
 Hanna, J. R. Des Moines' street railway franchise. Utilities 
 
 Magazine, i, no. 6, 25-26 (1916). 
 
 On franchise litigation. 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Allen, W. S. Street railway franchises in Massachusetts. An- 
 nals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 
 xxvii, 91-110 (1906). 
 Detailed historical account. 
 
m 
 
 138 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Boston 
 
 PiNANSKi, A. E. The street raHway system of metropolitan 
 Boston. New York, 1908. 58 pp. 
 History of traction franchises; a thorough study. 
 
 Woods, R. A. , and Eastman, J. B . The Boston franchise contest. 
 Outlook, Ixxxii, 835-841 (1906). 
 
 Michigan 
 Detroit 
 
 . Davis, R. K. The street railway situation m Detroit, Mich. 
 Proc., American Society of Mimicipal Improvements, 1906; 
 157-163. 
 An historical sketch. 
 
 Leake, Paul. The street railway situation in Detroit. Proc., 
 National Conference for Good City Government, 1910: 120- 
 141. 
 A good review of franchise history and terms. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. The control of public service corporations in 
 Detroit. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, xxxi, 42-58 (1908). 
 Largely historical, with considerable franchise discussion. 
 
 Minnesota 
 Minneapolis 
 
 Jones, S. P. Minneapolis gas settlement. Proc, National Con- 
 ference for GkKxl City Government, 1910: 142-155. 
 A popular historical account. 
 
 The Minneapolis gas settlement: a typical struggle for a 
 
 city's rights, {in King, C. L. The regulation of municipal 
 utilities. New York, 191 2.) 56-72. 
 Revised reprint. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Minneapolis gas settlement ordinances. (Jn 
 Municipal franchises. New York, 1911.) ii, 811-832. 
 A reprint of the franchise and regulatory ordinances of 1910. 
 
 FRANCHISES 
 
 139 
 
 Missouri 
 Kansas City 
 Arnold, B. J. Foundation principles in valuation. Electric 
 
 Railway Journal, xlvi, 713-719, 803-806 (1915). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Foundation principles of utility valuation with special ap- 
 plication to plans for resettlement. Aera, iv, 189-214 (191 5). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Foimdation principles of utility valuation with special 
 
 application to resettlement plans. Proc., American Electric 
 Railway Association, 191 5: 139-187. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 188-198. Notes on Kansas City traction valuation 
 and resettlement: pp. 167-168 and 174-175; with charts. 
 
 Kealy, p. J. The partnership provisions of the Kansas City 
 franchise. Electric Railway Journal, xliv, 691-694 (1914). 
 
 Munagle, F. J. The Kansas City settlement. Aera, iii, 19-23 
 
 (1914). 
 Peters, J. W. S. Kansas City franchise fight. Proc., National 
 
 Conference for Good City Government, 1910: 156-169. 
 
 New York 
 New York 
 BowKER, R. R. The piracy of public franchises. Atlantic 
 
 Monthly, Ixxxviii, 463-482 (1901). 
 
 A popular historical account of franchise granting in New York City. 
 
 MunidpalAffairSyVy 886-904(1901). 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. Analysis of the rapid transit contracts between 
 the city of New York and the Interborough rapid transit com- 
 pany, and the N. Y. municipal railway corporation. New 
 York ? 1913. 25 pp. 
 Report to the New York public service commission for the first district. 
 
 A century of franchise history. Municipal Affairs, iv, 194- 
 
 206 (1900). 
 
 A summary appended to Gustavus Myers, " History of public franchises 
 in New York City." 
 
I40 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 New York — continued. 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. Franchises of electrical corporations in greater 
 
 New York. New York, 191 1. 237 pp. 
 
 Report to the New York public service commission for the first district. 
 A very complete, classified study. 
 
 A rapid transit policy for greater New York. Proc., Na- 
 tional Conference for Good City Government, 1909: 390-402. 
 
 An historical sketch, with discussion of the work of the rapid transit 
 commission. 
 
 (In King, C. L. The regulation of municipal utilities. 
 
 New York, 191 2.) 1 20-136. 
 Revised reprint. 
 
 Murphy, J. J. Franchise grants in New York City. Annals of 
 the American Academy of Political and Social Science, xxxi, 
 
 78-84 (1908). 
 
 Historical and very general. 
 
 Myers, Gustavus. History of public franchises in New York 
 City. Mimidpal Affairs, iv, 7 i-i 93 ( 1 900) . 
 
 An extensive, popular account, arranged by classes of utilities; with 
 
 tables of statistics. 
 Includes a long sunmiary by M. R. Maltbie, entitled " A century of 
 
 franchise history " (pp. 194-206). 
 
 Nichols, H. P. Progress in methods of granting franchises in 
 New York City. Philadelphia ? 1907. 24 pp. 
 
 West, Max. The franchises of greater New York. Yale Review, 
 
 vi, 387-408 (1898). 
 
 A very good elementary account of franchise history in New York, with 
 critical comments. 
 
 Municipal franchises in New York. (In Bemis, E. W. 
 
 Municipal monopolies. 4th edition. New York, 1904.) 365- 
 
 422. 
 
 Historical account, by class of utilities. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Elements of a constructive franchise policy. 
 Proc., National Conference for GkKxi City Government, 1910: 
 
 170-189. 
 
 A good account of traction franchise history in New York City and dis- 
 cussion of a proposed franchise policy. 
 
 FRANCHISES 
 
 141 
 
 New York — continued. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Elements of a constructive franchise policy. 
 
 (In King, C. L. The regulation of mimicipal utilities. New 
 
 York, 191 2.) 137-164. 
 
 Revised reprint. 
 The New York subway contracts. National Municipal 
 
 Review, ii, 375-391 (1913). 
 Franchise history and provisions. 
 
 Report upon proposed standard form of franchise for 
 
 street railroad companies. New York, 1909. 26 pp. 
 
 Report submitted to the New York public service commission for the 
 first district. 
 
 Street railway franchises in greater New York. (In Mu- 
 
 nicipal franchises. New York, 191 1.) ii, 101-140. 
 A thorough historical study. 
 Wright, H. C. Development of transit control in New York 
 City. Annals of the -^erican Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xxxi, 18-41 (1908). 
 
 Good for franchise history, by periods, from 1850 to date. 
 
 Omo 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 Bemis, E. W. The Cleveland street railway settlement. Quar- 
 terly Journal of Economics, xxiv, 550-560 (1910). 
 
 The franchise situation and the referendum in Cleveland. 
 
 Proc., National Conference for (jood City Government, 1902: 
 194-207. 
 
 Municipal Affairs, vi, 261-267 (1902). 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 The street railway settlement in Cleveland. Quarterly 
 
 Journal of Economics, xxii, 543-575 (1908)- 
 An excellent analysis of the Taylor settlement. 
 Davies, H. J. Some accoimting features of the Cleveland rail- 
 way company's franchise. Proc., American Street and In- 
 terurban Railway Accoimtants' Association, 1910 : 1 25-150. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 150-154. Of accounting interest only; includes many 
 tables. 
 

 142 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Cleveland — continued. 
 
 DooLiTTLE, F. W. The Cleveland experiment. (In Studies in 
 
 the cost of urban transportation service. New York, 1916.) 
 
 355-438- 
 
 An cxceUent study of the history of Cleveland traction franchises and 
 fare experiments. 
 
 Duffy, C. N. The Cleveland railway situation. Proc., Ameri- 
 can Electric Railway Association, 1913: 110-123. 
 An excellent analysis of the ordinance and conditions in Cleveland. 
 
 Aera, ii, 350-362 (1913). 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 Economics of the Cleveland railway situation as developed 
 
 in the 1913 arbitration decision. Electric Railway Journal, 
 
 ^> 770-773 (1913). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Hayden,W.S. The street railway situation in Cleveland. Proc., 
 National Conference for Good City Government, 1909: 403- 
 416. 
 
 An historical account. 
 
 Nash, L. R. The Cleveland railway situation. Stone and Web- 
 ster Journal, xviii, 124-158 (1916). 
 History and analysis, with data, map and charts. 
 
 SiDLO, T. L. Cleveland invalidity clause: a new development 
 in public utilities ordinances. Journal of Political Economy, 
 xix, 124-128 (1911). 
 
 A brief account of the clause which provides that if any of the rates or 
 provisions of the franchise are declared invalid, the corresponding 
 power is to be in the city council. Includes a reprint of the franchise 
 section. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. How the Chicago and Cleveland street railway 
 settlements are working out. National Municipal Review, i, 
 630-638(1912). 
 A good analysis. 
 
 Engineering News, Ixviii, 526-529 (1912). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 FRANCHISES 
 
 143 
 
 i. 
 
 I If 
 
 Cleveland — continued. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. The street railway settlement franchises of 
 
 Chicago and Cleveland. {In Municipal franchises. New 
 
 York, 1911.) ii, 141-191. 
 
 A thorough historical study. 
 
 Wilson, H. W. Three cent light in Cleveland. New York, 1914. 
 II pp. 
 History and analjrsis of results of municipal ownership in Cleveland. 
 
 Springfield 
 
 Rinkliff, G. L. Springfield's street railway franchise. Mu- 
 nicipal Journal and Engineer, xxxiv, 578-579 (1913). 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 Pkiladelpkia 
 Lewis, E. O. Philadelphia's relation to rapid transit company. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science, xxxi, 600-611 (1908). 
 
 A discussion of the contract of 1907. 
 
 McLain, F. D. The street railways of Philadelphia. Quarterly 
 Journal of Economics, xrii, 233-260 (1908). 
 A good historical treatment of the subject. 
 
 Woodruff, C. R. Philadelphia street railway franchises. Ameri- 
 can Journal of Sociology, vii, 216-233 (1901). 
 Historical discussion of corruption in traction franchise granting. 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 Esickson, Halford. The indeterminate franchise or permit. 
 
 Electrical Review and Western Electrician, Ixv, 224-227, 
 
 283-285 (1914). 
 
 A general discussion of the indeterminate permit and the history of its 
 use in Wisconsin. 
 
 Holmes, F. L. The indeterminate permit and convenience and 
 necessity laws. (In Regulation of railroads and public util- 
 ities in Wisconsin. New York, 191 5.) 221-236. 
 
 A good annotated accoxmt of the use of the indeterminate permit by the 
 Wisconsin commission. 
 
■*l' 
 
 ll 
 
 u 
 
 144 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Morgan, W. O. The indeterminate pennit as a satisfactory 
 franchise. Annals of the American Academy of PoUtical and 
 Social Science, xxxvii, 142-159 (191 1). 
 Discussion of the Wisconsin experience for iUustration. 
 
 Mortimer, J. D. The Wisconsin indetermmate permit law. 
 Aera, ii, 7-20 (1913). 
 
 A good analysis of the law, including a reprint of the statutory pro- 
 visions and excerpts from court decisions. 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 DoouTTLE, F. W. The Milwaukee experiment, (/n Studies in 
 
 the cost of urban transportation service. New York 1916) 
 439-467. 
 
 An excellent study of traction franchise and fare history in MUwaukee. 
 
 Canada 
 
 Cannon, L. A. Electric franchises. Canadian Engineer, xxiii 
 383-385(1912). 
 
 A brief sketch of franchise history in Quebec. 
 
 France 
 
 Whttten, R. H. The Paris subway system: with special refer- 
 ence to franchise terms and conditions. Engineering News 
 ^> 70-75 (191 1). ' 
 
 An excellent description; includes a map. 
 
 LENGTH OF TERM 
 
 Arkwright, P. S. The length of franchise. Stone and Webster 
 Public Service Journal, xii, 388-393 (1913). 
 
 Brady, A. W. Some phases of the franchise question. Aera, i 
 93^>-939 (1913)- ' ' 
 
 A good general discussion of franchises and length of term. 
 
 Erickson, Halford. The advantages of state regulation. 
 Annals of the American Academy of PoUtical and Social 
 Science, Ivii, 123-162 (1915). 
 Excellent general arUde on commission regulation and its problems. 
 
 FRANCHISES 
 
 HS 
 
 Erickson, Halford. The indeterminate franchise or permit. 
 Electrical Review and Western Electrician, Ixv, 224-227, 283- 
 
 285 (1914)- 
 
 A general discussion of the indeterminate permit and the history of its 
 use in Wisconsin. 
 
 Foster, H. A. Franchise. (/« Engineering valuation of public 
 utilities and factories. New York, 191 2.) 236-251. 
 Includes a brief discussion of franchise terms. 
 
 Hodge, W. H. Long term franchise grants. Public Service, 
 
 viii, 37-39 (1910)- 
 Holmes, F. L. The indeterminate permit and convenience and 
 necessity laws. (In Regulation of railroads and public util- 
 ities in Wisconsin. New York, 191 5.) 221-236. 
 
 A good elementary discussion of franchise terms and the advantages of 
 the indeterminate permit. 
 
 Lewis, C. T. Duration of franchises. Municipal Affairs, iii, 
 256-263 (1899). 
 On the question of whether perpetual franchises are desirable. 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. Report on the indeterminate franchise for 
 public utilities. New York, 1908. 34 pp. 
 
 Report submitted to the New York public service commission for the 
 
 first district. 
 An excellent summary of the arguments for and against perpetual, term 
 
 and indeterminate franchises. The writer favors the indeterminate 
 
 permit. 
 
 Morgan, W. O. The indeterminate permit as a satisfactory 
 franchise. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, xxxvii, 142-159 (191 1). 
 Discussion of the Wisconsin experience for illustration. 
 
 Mortimer, J. D. The Wisconsin indeterminate permit law. 
 Aera, ii, 7-20 (1913). 
 
 A good analysis of the law, including a reprint of the statutory pro- 
 visions and exceipts from court decisions. 
 
 Norton, W. J. EflFects of the indeterminate franchise under 
 state regulation. Annals of the American Academy of Politi- 
 cal and Social Science, liii, 135-147 (1914). 
 
 A good, annotated account of the law and the experience of various 
 states. 
 
> I 
 
 11 
 
 
 ■it 
 
 i\ 
 
 M 
 
 146 BIBUOGRAPBY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 RowE, L. S. The relation of the dty to pubhc utilities, (/n 
 Problems of city government. New York, 1908.) 208-240. 
 A good elementary discussion, with some reference to franchise terms! 
 
 Sixes, G. C. The question of franchises. Atlantic Monthly 
 xd, 408-415 (1903). ""' 
 
 A popular argument for the indeterminate permit. 
 
 Wetterer, C. F. W. The desirabiHty of indeterminate instead 
 of fixed term franchises. Stone and Webster Journal, xdii 
 19-23 (1916). ' 
 
 A good elementary article. 
 
 Whinery, Samuel. Quasi-pubHc corporations and thdr con- 
 trol. (/« Munidpal pubUc works: their inception, construc- 
 tion and management. New York, 1903.) 219-241. 
 Includes a brief discussion of franchise terms. 
 
 Wilcox, D.F. The control of pubHc utilities. (/« The Ameri- 
 can dty: a problem in democracy. New York, 1911.) 52-90. 
 Includes a very brief reference to franchise terms. 
 
 ■ Munidpal home rule and pubhc utility franchises. Na- 
 tional Munidpal Review, iii, 13-27 (1914). 
 Report of a committee of the National munidpal league 
 A good discussion of the advantages of term franchises aiid the dangers 
 of the indeterminate permit where munidpal purdiase is re^te 
 for termmation of the grant. »«^u»iie 
 
 IV, PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 GENERAL WORKS 
 
 Aluson, J. E. Work of public service commissions. Public 
 Service, xii, 98-101 (191 2). 
 Elementary. 
 
 Bauer, John. The control of return on public utility invest- 
 ments. Political Science Quarterly, xxxi, 260-288 (1916). 
 
 Purpose: " to point out the fundamental difficulties in present pro- 
 cedure and to suggest how they may be reasonably overcome." 
 Excellent. 
 
 Beale, J. H., and Wyman, Bruce. Railroad rate regulation: 
 with special reference to the powers of the Interstate com- 
 merce commission under the acts to regulate conunerce. 
 New York, 1906. 2d edition, 1915. 1210 pp. 
 
 Book IV. Powers of the commission. 
 Ch. xxi. Supervisory powers of the commission, 
 xxii. Quasi-judicial functions of the commission. 
 
 xxiii. Procedure before the commission. 
 
 xxiv. Judicial review of commission action. 
 An excellent, thoroughly annotated legal analysis. Refers only to the 
 
 Interstate conunerce commission, but is of some interest for all public 
 
 utilities. 
 
 Beard, C. A. Commissions in American government. (In 
 McLaughlin, A. C, and Hart, A. B. Cyclopedia of Ameri- 
 can government. New York, 1914.) i, 350-354. 
 
 Includes a description of the powers and duties of public service com- 
 missions. 
 
 Betts, Philander. Organization of a public service commission. 
 
 Aera, iv, 95-98 (1915)- 
 Good; elementary. 
 
 BusBY, L. A. Regulation of public utilities. Journal of the 
 
 Western Society of Engineers, xxi, 33-51 (1916). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 51-54. A very popular article, of interest chiefly for 
 its discussion of requirements for success in conmiission regulation. 
 
 U7 
 
i' 
 
 148 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Busby, L. A. Regulation of public utilities. Aera, iv, 515-533 
 (1916). 
 Reprint. 
 
 ' Electric Railway Journal, xlvi, 1081-1084 (1915). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Clark, F. C. State railroad commissions and how they may be 
 made effective. Publications, American Economic Associa- 
 tion, vi, 473-582 (1891). 
 
 History with discussion. Includes tables of the organization, powers 
 and duties of the commissions. 
 
 Crosby, O. T. PubKc poUcies and pubUc utilities. Public Ser- 
 vice, xiv, 49-52, 65-66 (1913). 
 
 On the six possible relationships between the company and the public, 
 need for greater cooperation and for more certainty as to return to be 
 allowed and the results of regulation. 
 
 Dawes, R. C. Regulation by commission. Progressive Age, 
 3Kvii, 348-350 (1909). 
 
 Regulation of utility corporations. Public Service, ix, 78- 
 
 80, 88-89 (1910). 
 
 Opposes commission control and defends watered stock. 
 
 Duncan, C. S. The paternalism of public service conunissions. 
 Fonma, liii, 101-106 (1915). 
 
 Dunn, S. O. Fair regulation of railroads. North American 
 Review, cxd, 185-194 (1910). 
 Popular; of some general interest. 
 
 The state railway conmiissions. Raihroad Age Gazette, 
 
 xlvi, 123-125 (1909). 
 
 A tabular analysis of the personnel of the various raihoad commissions 
 (previous experience, salary, terms, etc.), with discussion. 
 
 Erickson, Halford. Regulation or profit-sharing ? Electric 
 
 Railway Journal, xliii, 257-262 (1914). 
 Regulation vs. profit-sharing. Aera, ii, 789-800 (1914). 
 
 EsHLEMAN, J. M. What regulation must accompHsh if it is to 
 be permanent. Annals of the American Academy of Political 
 and Social Science, Ivii, 94-110 (1915). 
 Excellent. 
 
 PUBUC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 149 
 
 EwiNG, M. C. Recall of commissioners illogical. Public Service, 
 xvi, 47-48 (1914). 
 
 Floy, Henry. The engineer's activity in public affairs: public 
 utility conmiissions and franchise valuation. Trans., Ameri- 
 can Institute of Electrical Engineers, xxvii, 335-353 (1908). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 354-372. A general commentary on commission regu- 
 lation and franchise value. 
 
 FooTE, A. R. Non-taxation of service companies. Public Ser- 
 vice, iii, 109-112 (1907). 
 
 Foster, H. A. Control of public utilities. (In Engineering val- 
 uation of public utilities and factories. New York, 191 2.) 
 259-263. 
 
 Friedman, H. J. A word about commissions. Harvard Law 
 Review, xxv, 704-716 (191 2). 
 
 An exceUent discussion of whether commissions are legislative or ju- 
 dicial and of the importance of the decision; with citations. 
 
 Guernsey, N. T. The regulation of municipal utilities. Annals 
 
 of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 
 
 Ivii, 20-27 (i9i5)* 
 
 Defense of the companies, comments on the requirements for successful 
 regulation and argument for non-interference by commissions. 
 
 Utility regulation. Public Service, xvii, 175-178 (1914). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Hayes, H. V. The public's financial interest in public utilities. 
 North American Review, cxcviii, 341-351 (1913). 
 
 Holmes, F. L. Regulation of railroads and public utilities in 
 Wisconsin. New York, 191 5. 375 pp. 
 Discusses the work of the Wisconsin commission only, but serves as a 
 
 very good general work on all phases of public utiUty regulation; 
 
 rather elementary. 
 For list of chapters, see p. 104. 
 
 Humphreys, A. C. The engineer's part in regulation of public 
 utilities. Public Service, xvi, 55-56 (1914). 
 On the desirability of engineers as commissioners. 
 
 Qualifications of a public service commissioner. Electric 
 
 Railway Journal, xliv, 689-691 (1914). 
 A good, popular discussion. 
 
i 
 
 !'•< 
 
 ill 
 
 [li 
 
 ItH' : 
 
 150 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Humphreys, A. C. Reform and regulation. Journal of the 
 Boston Society of Civil Engineers, iii, 271-294 (1916). 
 
 Insull, Samuel. Some comments on public utility commissions. 
 Electric Railway Journal, xlvii, 950-951 (1916). 
 
 Jackson, H. D. The public versus the public service corporation. 
 Engineering Magazine, xlix, 402-409 (1915). 
 
 Johnson, E. R. The principles of governmental regulation of 
 railways. Political Science Quarterly, xv, 37-49 (1900). 
 A good, somewhat theoretical article on the requirements for success in 
 raih-oad regulation. Of some interest for other public utilities. 
 
 Kerr, W. D. Qualifications needed for public utilities com- 
 missioners. Annals of the American Academy of Political 
 and Social Science, liii, 19-35 (1914)- 
 
 An excellent annotated classification of the requirements of the com- 
 mission laws of all states, with discussion. 
 
 King, C. L. The need for public utility commissions. (In The 
 regulation of municipal utilities. New York, 191 2.) 185- 
 207. 
 
 A good elementary discussion of the various possible methods of public 
 utility regulation, the conclusion being in favor of commissions. 
 
 Knowles, Morris. State regulation of public utilities. Public 
 Service, xiii, 253-255 (191 2). 
 Good; elementary. 
 
 Lawton, W. H. Depreciation, intangible values and rates. 
 
 Journal of Accoimtancy, xvii, 325-354 (1914). 
 
 An excellent article including a discussion of the dangers in commission 
 control. 
 
 Lee, G. a. The regulation of public service utilities. Public 
 Service, xv, 124-126 (1913). 
 
 LovELAND, H. D. How commissions regard utilities. Journal 
 of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxxiii, 11-13 (1914). 
 
 McCuLLOCH, Richard. The present tendency of public service 
 regulation. Proc, American Electric Railway Association, 
 1913- 320-335. 
 
 A good summary of the usual requirements of the conunission acts on 
 various points. Includes a large tabular analysis of the laws by states. 
 
 PUBUC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 151 
 
 McCuLLOCH, Richard. The present tendency of public service 
 
 regulation. Electric Railway Journal, xlii, 858-860 (1913). 
 
 Abstract. 
 McReynolds, T. C. State supervision of public utilities. Public 
 
 Service, ix, 105-108 (1910). 
 
 Argument in favor of a public service commission for Indiana. 
 
 Maltbie,M.R. Public service commissions. (/« McLaughlin, 
 
 A. C, and Hart, A. B. Cyclopedia of American government. 
 
 New York, 1914.) iii, 108-110. 
 Metcalf, Leonard. Public utility commissions should regulate, 
 
 not operate, corporations. Engineering Record, Ixxiv, 588- 
 
 590 (1916). 
 Meyer, B . H. Advantages of a state public utilities commission. 
 
 Proc, Minnesota Academy of Social Science, vi, 58-64 (191 2). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 78-87. 
 Myers, G. L. Personnel of public service commissions. Journal 
 
 of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxxi, 176-177 (1913)- 
 
 A good criticism of methods of selection, with suggested remedies. 
 
 Public Service, xvi, 15-16, 26 (1914)- 
 
 National Civic Federation. Draft bill for the regulation of 
 public utilities: with documents relating thereto. New 
 York? 1914. 124 pp. 
 
 Contains the text of the suggested bill, together with arguments for and 
 against proposed amendments and a table showing the number of 
 members, terms and salaries of the various conmiissions. 
 
 Norton, W. J. State regulation. Electrical Review and Western 
 Electrician, brvi, 632-633 (191 5). 
 
 An interesting discussion of various conmiissions, the writer asserting 
 that their ill success has been due to poor appointments and politics. 
 
 The two epochs of rate regulation. Engineering and Con- 
 tracting, xl, 282-284 (1913)- 
 The writer believes there should be a preparatory and final period of 
 
 regulation, and discusses the situation confronting new public service 
 
 conmiissions. 
 
 Public Service, xv, 87-89 (1913). 
 
li' 
 
 I 
 
 152 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Nutting, H. G. D. Is regulation failing ? Electrical Review 
 and Western Electrician, Ixv, 811-812 (1914). 
 
 Pollock, H. M. The public service commissions of the state of 
 New York. Annals of the American Academy of Political 
 and Social Science, xxxi, 1 15-124 (1908). 
 Discusses briefly the danger of political appointments. 
 
 Prouty, C. a. Court protection imsafe. Public Service Regu- 
 lation, i, 246-249 (191 2). 
 
 The writer asserts that the legislature must dominate since the courts 
 do not inspire confidence. 
 
 RoEMER, J. H. Certain important provisions of the public 
 utilities law of Wisconsin, and the results of their operation. 
 Kansas City ? 191 1 ? 20 pp. 
 A general, elementary commentary on commission regulation. 
 
 RowE, L. S. The possibilities and limitations of municipal con- 
 trol. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, 1900: supplement, 9-20. 
 Shows that pecuniary return to the dty should be subordinated to 
 
 quality and cost of service; and that state regulation is becoming 
 
 increasingly necessary. 
 
 Vail, T. N. Public utilities and public policy. Atlantic Monthly, 
 
 cxi, 307-319 (1913)- 
 State control of public utility companies. Public Service, 
 
 xi, 9-11, 26 (1911). 
 
 Wages subject for regulation. Aera, iv, 996-1000 (1916). 
 
 Whitney, T. H. Cooperation and harmony between companies, 
 commissions and public. Electric Railway Journal, xliv, 
 718-719 (1914). 
 Popular. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. The crisis in public service regulation in New 
 York. National Mimicipal Review, iv, 547-563 (1915). 
 A very popular historical account of the appointments to the first dis- 
 trict commission. Interesting because of showing the efifect of poli- 
 tics on the eflSciency and success of commissions. 
 
 Effects of state regulation upon the mimidpal ownership 
 
 movement. Annals of the American Academy of Political 
 and Social Science, liii, 71-84 (1914). 
 
 PUBUC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 IS3 
 
 I 
 
 An excellent discussion of some of the problems and results of conmiis- 
 sion regulation in the various states, the attitude of the companies, 
 public and courts towards the conmiissions and the effects on mu- 
 nicipal ownership. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Supervision of local utilities by state com- 
 missions. (/« Municipal franchises. New York, 19 11.) ii, 
 
 732-745- 
 
 Good; elementary. 
 
 Wood, A. E. The labor problem of municipal utilities. Utilities 
 Magazine, i, no. 7, 17-30 (1916). 
 Advocates placing wage adjustment in the hands of the conmiissions. 
 
 fflSTORY 
 
 Commissions in General 
 
 Bemis, E. W. Some present day issues of public utility regula- 
 tion. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, Ivii, 62-71 (191 5). 
 
 Brief popular discussion of commission regulation, from the public's 
 point of view. 
 
 Bowman, H. M. State railroad commissions. (In McLaughlin, 
 
 A. C, and Hart, A. B. Cyclopedia of American government. 
 
 New York, 1914.) iii, 134-135. 
 
 Includes tables — by states — of the date of organization of the first 
 conmiission, and of jurisdiction. 
 
 Clark, F. C. State railroad commissions and how they may be 
 made e£Fective. Publications, American Economic Associa- 
 tion, vi, 473-582 (1891). 
 
 History with discussion. Includes tables of the organization, powers 
 and duties of the conmiissions. 
 
 DiCKERMAN, J. C. Standards for gas service: established by 
 
 public service commissions. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 6, 16- 
 
 21 (1916). 
 
 Supplementary to U. S. Bureau of standards, " Standards for gas ser- 
 vice " (circular no. 32, 3d edition). Codification of the rules of all 
 commissions. 
 
 Dixon, F. H. Recent railroad commission legislation. Political 
 Science Quarterly, xx, 612-624 (1905). 
 
If 
 
 I, 
 
 ■5! 
 
 I 
 
 'i 
 
 Lilt 
 
 .x 
 
 1 54 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 DoHERTY,H.L. State regulation of lighting enterprises. Ameri- 
 can Gas Light Journal, Ixxxix, 92-98 (1908). 
 
 A general historical discussion of the origins and development of the 
 commission movement. 
 
 Dunn, S. O. The state railway commissions. Railroad Age 
 Gazette, xlvi, 123-125 (1909). 
 
 A tabular analysis of the personnel of the various railroad conmiissions 
 (previous experience, salary, terms, etc.), with discussion. 
 
 Ferguson, Maxwell. State regulation of railroads in the south. 
 
 Coliunbia University Studies in History, Economics and 
 
 Public Law, Ixvii, 1-228 (1916). 
 
 Includes general discussion, history, and powers of the commissions in 
 the various states, treated separately, and a general sunmiary of the 
 present conunission situation. 
 
 Floy, Henry. Public service commissions. {In Valuation of 
 public utility properties. New York, 1912.) 32-48. 
 A brief sketch of commission history and results. 
 
 Gray, J. H. Public service commissions. Proc., American 
 
 Political Science Association, iv, 324-335 (1907). 
 
 A discussion of papers by W. H. Hatton and T. M. Osborne. 
 Briefly considers the regulation in certain states. 
 
 Gruhl, Edwin. Policies of regulating bodies. Aera, iii, 24-33, 
 1 13-123 (1914)- 
 A very interesting study. 
 
 Hagenah, W. J. The development of the true function of the 
 commission. Electrical World, Ixvii, 16-17 (iQi^). 
 Review of conmiission regulation in 1915. 
 
 Heilman, R. E. Commission control of refunding utility se- 
 curities. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 4, 26-30 (1916). 
 Contains many citations of court and conmiission decisions. 
 
 The development by conmiissions of the principles of 
 
 public utility capitalization. Journal of Political Economy, 
 
 xxiii, 888-909 (1915). 
 
 An excellent annotated study, with a brief discussion of the attitude of 
 the various conunissions on important capitalization problems. 
 
 PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 155 
 
 Heilman, R. E. Development by conmiissions of the principles 
 of public utility valuation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 
 xxviii, 269-291 (1914). 
 
 An excellent annotated study, with a brief discussion of the attitude of 
 the various commissions on certain important valuation problems. 
 
 Hills, A. S. The origin, growth, and work of public utility com- 
 missions. Public Service, xii, 58-61 (191 2). 
 
 HoDGKiNS, H. C. Franchises of public utilities as they were and 
 as they are. Journal of the American Waterworks Associa- 
 tion, ii, 739-758 (1915). 
 
 A very interesting study, giving a brief review of franchise history, 
 tables of the terms of franchises in each state and of the kinds of 
 utilities coming under the jurisdiction of the various conmiissions; 
 with discussion. 
 
 HuEBNER, G. G. Five years of railroad regulation by the states. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science, xxxii, 138-156 (1908). 
 
 An excellent tabulation of the conmiission laws, 1902-1907. 
 Supplementary to U. S., Interstate commerce commission, " Railways 
 in the United States in 1902 " (part IV). 
 
 HuGGiNS, W. L. State regulation of public utilities. Public 
 
 Service, xiv, 175-176 (1913). 
 
 States that commission regulation is "only a return to common law 
 methods." 
 
 Humphreys, C. J. R. The development of the public utilities 
 
 commissions as applied to the gas and electric business. 
 
 American Gas Light Journal, xci, 223-233 (1909). 
 
 An historical account of the origin of the commission movement and an 
 outline of the earlier commission laws in various states. 
 
 Johnson, E. R. Railway regulation by the states: the state 
 commissions. {In Elements of transportation. New York, 
 1909.) 132-139. 
 An elementary historical account. 
 
 , and Van Metre, T. W. Regulation of railroads by the 
 
 American state governments: the state conunissions. {In 
 Principles of railway transportation. New York, 1916.) 
 467-491. 
 
■ I I 
 .11 
 
 ;1 
 
 9 
 
 w 
 
 ^»;l 
 
 
 156 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Johnson, E. R. Regulation of raOways by the American state 
 governments: the state commissions. (In American railway 
 transportation. 2d revised edition. New York, 1909.) 349- 
 366. 
 
 Kerr, W. D. Qualifications needed for public utilities commis- 
 sioners. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, liii, 19-35 (1914)- 
 
 An excellent annotated classification of the requirements of the com- 
 mission laws of all states, with discussion. 
 
 King, C. L. Rules regulating water service adopted by state 
 public service commissions. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 9, 19- 
 23 (1916). 
 Codification of the rules of all commissions. 
 
 Klumpp, J. B. Siunmary of conmiission regulations governing 
 gas supply. American Gas Light Journal, ciii, 75 (1915). 
 An excellent tabular summary. 
 
 Lee, E. B. The public utility movement: public service com- 
 missions. Moody's Magazine, xiii, 465-469 (191 2). 
 
 • McCuLLOCH, Richard. The present tendency of public service 
 regulation. Proc., American Electric Railway Association, 
 1913: 320-335. 
 
 A good summary of the usual requirements of the commission acts on 
 various points. Includes a large tabular analysis of the laws by states. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xlii, 858-860 (1913). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Tendency of utility regulation. Public Service, xv, 159- 
 
 161 (1913). 
 Abstract. 
 
 McLean, S. J. State regulation of railways in the United States. 
 Economic Journal, x, 349-369 (1900). 
 A thoroughly annotated historical study. 
 
 Maltbie,M.R. Public service conunissions. (/« McLaughlin, 
 A . C . , and Hart, A . B . Cyclopedia of American government. 
 New York, 1914.) iii, 108-110. 
 
 PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 157 
 
 Nash, L. R. Development of commission regulation. Stone 
 and Webster Public Service Journal, xv, 18-27 (1914). 
 
 A tabular analysis, chart and discussion of the authority and juris- 
 diction of the various state conunissions. 
 
 National Civic Federation. Commission regulation of public 
 utilities: a compilation and analysis of laws of forty- three 
 states and of the federal government for the regulation by 
 central commissions of railroads and other public utilities. 
 New York, 1913. 1284 pp. 
 
 — • — Draft bill for the regulation of public utilities: with docu- 
 ments relating thereto. New York ? 1914. 124 pp. 
 Includes a table showing the number of commissioners, their terms, 
 salaries and manner of selection, for the various state conmiissions 
 (pp. 111-114). 
 
 Norton, W. J. Approval of demand rates by public service 
 conmiissions. Electrical Review and Western Electrician, 
 Ixv, 960-961 (1914). 
 
 Effects of the indeterminate franchise under state regula- 
 tion. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, liii, 135-147 (1914). 
 A good, annotated account of the law and experience of various states. 
 
 State regulation. Electrical Review and Western Elec- 
 
 trician, kvi, 632-633 (1915). 
 
 An interesting discussion of various conunissions, the writer asserting 
 that their ill success has been due to poor appointments and politics. 
 
 Nutting, H. G. D. Is regulation failing ? Electrical Review 
 and Western Electrician, Ixv, 811-812 (1914). 
 
 Pike, C. W. Service standards for electric light and power com- 
 panies as prescribed by public service commissions. Utilities 
 Magazine, i, no. 5, 21-28 (1916). 
 See revised codification. 
 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 7, 30-40 (191 6). 
 
 Revised codification of the rules of all commissions. 
 
 ScoBELL, E. C. Variations in public service systems of account- 
 ing. Proc., National Electric Light Association, 19 14: ac- 
 counting session, 188-193. 
 

 I 
 
 '1 
 
 I 
 
 i< 
 
 ;iA^ 
 
 te 
 
 158 BIBUOGRAPHY OP MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Sharfman, I. L. Commission regulation of public utilities: a 
 
 survey of legislation. Annals of the American Academy of 
 
 Political and Social Science, liii, 1-18 (1914). 
 
 An excellent account of the provisions of the commission laws of all 
 states, thoroughly annotated. 
 
 Regulation by the states. {In Railway regulation. Chicago, 
 
 1915) 139-171- 
 
 Reprint of " Commission regulation of public utilities: a survey of 
 legislation." 
 
 Thelen, Max. Report on leading railroad and public service 
 commissions. Sacramento, 191 2. 98 pp. 
 
 An excellent report on the organization and work of the public service 
 commissions of Oregon, Washington, Nebraska, Minnesota, Wis- 
 consin, New York, Massachusetts, Maryland, Georgia, Texas and 
 Oklahoma. 
 
 TiNGLEY, C. L. S. Present tendency of public utility laws and 
 
 regulations. Proc, American Electric Railway Association, 
 
 i, 301-320 (1913). 
 
 A rather general discussion of commission developments and especially 
 of the new Illinois commission law; with quotations from court 
 decisions. 
 
 U. S. Interstate Commerce Commission. Railways in the 
 United States in 1902. Washington, 1903. 5 vols. 
 Pt. IV: State regulation of railways. 416 pp. 
 
 Appendix to sixteenth annual report. An excellent tabulation of the 
 commission laws and their changes since 1890. For a supplementary 
 compilation, see G. G. Huebner, " Five years of railroad regulation 
 by the states." 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Effects of state regulation upon the municipal 
 
 ownership movement. Annals of the American Academy of 
 
 Political and Social Science, liii, 71-84 (1914). 
 
 An excellent discussion of some of the problems and results of com- 
 mission regulation in the various states. 
 
 California 
 
 Eastwood, J. S. The railroad commission and the public. 
 
 Journal of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxxii, 51-54 (1914). 
 
 Discussion of state vs. local regulation in California. Favors state 
 control. 
 
 PUBUC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 159 
 
 EscH, Fred. Utility law variations. Public Service Regulation, 
 
 i, 492-494 (1912). 
 
 A comparison of the California and Wisconsin acts. 
 
 EsHLEMAN, J. M. State and municipal control of utilities. Public 
 Service Regulation, i, 587-593 (191 2). 
 Abstract. 
 
 State vs, municipal regulations of public utilities. Na- 
 tional Municipal Review, ii, 11-23 i^Q^s)- 
 
 On the combination of state and local regulation in California, favoring 
 state control. 
 
 SiNSHEiMER, P. A. Ten rules for service: principles applied by 
 the railroad commission of California to the regulation of 
 public utility service. Annals of the American Acad^iy of 
 Political and Social Science, liii, 292-306 (1914). 
 
 Thelen, Max. A California problem. Public Service Regula- 
 tion, i, 662-663 (191 2). 
 
 Discusses question of whether California municipalities should delegate 
 to the state commission their powers over public utilities. 
 
 California's new law. Public Service Regulation, i, 260- 
 
 262 (1912). 
 
 Analysis of the act of 191 2. 
 
 Public utility regulation in California. Proc, National 
 
 Electric Light Association, 191 5: general session, 263-270. 
 Brief historical sketch of electric utilities and regulation in California. 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 MoHLER, C. K. Public utility regulation by Los Angeles. Annals 
 of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 
 liii, 108-118 (1914). 
 A discussion of the powers and work of the commission. 
 
 Works, L. R. The board of public utilities of Los Angeles. {In 
 King, C. L. The regulation of municipal utilities. New 
 York, 191 2.) 208-218. 
 A brief, popular account of the commission and its work. 
 
l6o BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Staley, D. H. Colorado in Utigation. PubUc Service Regula- 
 tion, i, 36-37 (1912). 
 Brief historical sketch of the Raikoad commission and legislation. 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Bennett, C. G. Illinois utilities conunission and the water- 
 works companies. Journal of the American Waterworks 
 Association, ii, 382-389 (1915). 
 A brief historical sketch and discussion. 
 
 Fairlie, J. A. PubKc utiUty legislation in Illinois. National 
 
 Municipal Review, iii, 28-33 (1914). 
 
 Historical sketch of the legislation leading up to the enactment of the 
 commission law. 
 
 Feustel, R. M. Some aspects of the work of the Illinois utilities 
 commission. Journal of the Western Society of Engineers, 
 ^ 965-974 (1914). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 974-978. Considers chiefly the organization and work 
 of the engineering department. 
 
 French, H. J. Laying foundation for new commission. Public 
 Service, xi, 205-207 (191 1). 
 
 An Illinois conunittee makes an eighteen-month investigation tour 
 before preparing the commission law. 
 
 Norton, W. J. Illinois public utility commission law and mu- 
 nicipal ownership law: with annotations, marginal notes and 
 index digest. Chicago, 1913. 200 pp. 
 
 Robinson, M. H. The pubKc utilities commission. (/» A report 
 
 on supervision of corporations and related business. Chicago, 
 
 1914.) 39-48. 
 
 Report prepared for Efficiency and economy conmiittee, Illinois legis- 
 lature. 
 A good historical sketch. 
 
 TiNGLEY, C. L. S. Present tendency of public utility laws and 
 regulations. Proc, American Electric Railway Association, 
 1,301-320(1913). 
 
 A rather general discussion of commission developments and especially 
 of the new Illinois conmiission law; with quotations from court de- 
 cisions on regulation. 
 
 PUBUC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 161 
 
 Wherry, W. M., Jr. Four public utilities laws analyzed: Illi- 
 nois, Indiana, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. ?, 1913. 
 91pp. 
 Each law analyzed separately by sections. 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Arnold, B. J., Fleming, H. B., and Weston, George. Phases 
 
 in the development of the street railways of Chicago. Journal 
 
 of the Western Society of Engineers, xiv, 641-668 (1909). 
 
 An account of the formation and work of the Board of supervising 
 engineers, by George Weston: pp. 653-668. 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Duncan, T. C. Purposes and methods of the Indiana utility act. 
 Indianapolis, 1913. 17 pp. 
 Brief discussion of the act, by the chairman of the commission. 
 
 McReynolds, T. C. State supervision of public utilities. Public 
 Service, ix, 105-108 (1910). 
 Argument in favor of a public service conmiission for Indiana. 
 
 Wherry, W. M., Jr. Four public utilities laws analyzed: Illi- 
 nois, Indiana, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. ?, 1913. 
 91pp. 
 Each law analyzed separately by sections. 
 
 loWA 
 
 Dexon, F. H. State railroad control: with a history of its de- 
 velopment in Iowa. New York, 1896 ? 250 pp. 
 
 An excellent study of the history of railroad legislation and commission 
 regulation in Iowa; of interest for all public utilities. 
 
 Downey, E. H. Regulation of urban utilities in Iowa. Iowa 
 City, 191 2. 174 PP- 
 
 Iowa applied history series, i, no. 3. 
 
 Public service conmiissions in the United States, pp. 58-100. 
 
 An excellent, thoroughly annotated study of public service conmiission 
 
 laws, with tables showing the powers and organization of the various 
 
 commissions. 
 
1 62 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Massachusetts 
 Adams, A. D. The New York and Massachusetts commissions 
 of gas and electricity. Electrical Worid and Engineer, xlvi. 
 97-98 (1905). 
 
 Regulation of electric rates in Massachusetts. Electrical 
 World and Engineer, xlvi, 391-392, 442-443, 484-486 (1905). 
 
 Gives the facts and rulings in various cases before the commission, with- 
 out discussion. 
 
 Regulation of gas and electric rates* in Massachusetts. 
 
 Electrical World and Engineer, xlvi, 310-311, 348-349 (1905). 
 
 Gives the facts and rulings in various gas rate cases before the com- 
 mission, without discussion. 
 
 Eastman, J. B. The pubUc service commission of Massachusetts. 
 
 Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxvii, 699-707 (1913). 
 
 An historical discussion, with an account of the powers of the new com- 
 mission. 
 
 The public utilities commissions of Massachusetts. Proc, 
 National Conference for Good City Government, 1908: 288-' 
 307. 
 A discussion of the commissions and their work. 
 
 7, (^^ King, C. L. The regulation of municipal util- 
 
 ities. New York, 191 2.) 276-295. 
 Revised reprint. 
 
 Gray, J. H. Competition and capitalization as controlled by the 
 Massachusetts gas commission. Quarterly Journal of Eco- 
 nomics, XV, 254-276 (1901). 
 
 The gas commission of Massachusetts. Quarterly Journal 
 of Economics, xiv, 509-536 (1900). 
 Historical study. 
 
 ScovELL, C. H. A report on the poKdes and administrative 
 work of the commissions regulating pubUc service companies 
 in Massachusetts. Boston, 191 1. 45 pp. 
 
 Report to the governor of Massachusetts. Chiefly of historical interest. 
 The wnter recommends a single public utility commission to secure 
 uniformity and more expert service. 
 
 PUBUC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 163 
 
 Warren, B.W. The state and the street railway: one successful 
 
 solution of the problem of their mutual relations. Green Bag, 
 
 xvii, 33-42 (1905). 
 
 An historical and descriptive account of the Massachusetts system of 
 traction regulation. 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Jones, S. P. The advisability of a state public utilities com- 
 mission for Minnesota. Proc., Minnesota Academy of Social 
 Science, vi, 65-77 (1912). 
 
 The writer favors local commissions for the large cities and a state com- 
 mission having jurisdiction only over rural communities. 
 
 Missouri 
 Kansas City 
 
 Harzfeld, J. A. The utilities commission of Kansas City, 
 , Missouri. (In King, C. L. The regulation of municipal 
 
 utilities. New York, 1912.) 219-230. 
 
 A brief, popular account of the commission and its work. 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 Baldwin, R.N. The St. Louis public service commission. (In 
 King, C. L. The regulation of municipal utilities. New 
 York, 191 2.) 231-249. 
 A popular account of the commission and its work. 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 Daniels, W.M. " Law that has teeth." Public Service Regu- 
 lation, i, 31-32 (1912). 
 An outline of the provisions of the public utiUty act. 
 
 New York 
 
 Adams, A. D. The New York and Massachusetts commissions 
 of gas and electricity. Electrical World and Engineer, xlvi, 
 97-98(1905). 
 
 Anderson, William. The work of public service commissions, 
 with special reference to the New York conunissions. Minne- 
 apolis, 1913. 44 pp. 
 
 University of Minnesota, Current problems series, no. i. 
 Elementary. 
 
 I 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 164 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 BriiI:re, Henry. Public utilities regulation in New York. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xxxi, 1-17 (1908). 
 
 Edwaiu)S, H. M. Regulated electric light accounting. Proc., 
 National Electric Light Association, 191 2: vol. ii, 106-137. 
 Discussion: pp. 137-148. A critical analysis of the accounting system 
 prescribed by the New York conunission. Technical. 
 
 FooTE, A. R. Regulation of public utilities: a comparison of 
 the New York and Wisconsin public utility bills. Columbus, 
 1911. 36 pp. 
 A detailed comparison of the various clauses; with a short bibliography. 
 
 Grant, G. R. The New York public service conmiission for the 
 
 second district. {In King, C. L. The regulation of municipal 
 
 utilities. New York, 191 2.) 326-341. 
 Elementary. 
 
 Rowland, H. J. A year of "government by conmiission." 
 Outlook, xc, 483-490 (1908). 
 
 A ix)pular, but interesting account of the commissions' work, with 
 answers to arguments of their opponents. 
 
 Hunter, C. F. Conmiission's electrical testing out£t. Public 
 Service Regulation, i, 333-335 (1912). 
 
 Description of the testing equipment of the New York public service 
 conmiission for the second district, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 IviNS, W. M., and Mason, H. D. The control of public utilities: 
 in the form of an annotation of the public service conunissions 
 law of the state of New York, and covering all important 
 American cases, together with the text of the federal inter- 
 state commerce act and the rapid transit act of New York, 
 with elaborate indexes of the same and numerous comparative 
 notes and cross references to parallel provisions in the several 
 acts. New York, 1908. 1149 pp. 
 A very thorough legal work. 
 
 Kennedy, J. S. The New York public service commissions. 
 Forum, xlviii, 584-595 (1912). 
 
 Lapp, J. A. Public utilities control. American Political Science 
 
 Review, i, 626-638 (1907). 
 
 Analysis and comparison of the New York and Wisconsin commission 
 laws. 
 
 PUBUC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 i6s 
 
 Leonam), C. F. Gas service regulation in New York. Public 
 Service Regulation, i, 455-458 (1912). 
 Description of the testing equipment and methods of the New York 
 
 public service conmiission for the second district, illustrated with 
 
 photographs. 
 
 McClellan, William. Diverted efforts of commissions. Amer- 
 ican Gas Light Journal, civ, 118-119 (1916). 
 The writer asserts that failure of the New York commissions to properly 
 
 regulate rates and service has been due to their having too many other 
 
 duties. 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. The fruits of public regulation in New York. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science, xxxvii, 170-190 (191 1). 
 
 On the work of the commission, and the service and other improvements 
 resulting. 
 
 Mead, E. S. The public service commission and the investor. 
 Lippincott's Monthly Magazine, xc, 764-768 (191 2). 
 A popular discussion of the control of capitalization by the New York 
 commissions. 
 
 Osborne, T. M. The New York public service commissions. 
 Proc., National Conference for Good City Government, 1908: 
 269-287. 
 A discussion of the provisions of the law. 
 
 The public service commissions law of New York state. 
 
 Proc., American Political Science Association, iv, 287-304 
 
 (1907). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 324-335- An analysis and discussion of the act. 
 Atlantic Monthly, ci, 544-554 (1908). 
 
 The public utility law of New York. {In King, C. L. 
 
 The regulation of municipal utilities. New York, 1912.) 
 318-326. 
 
 Revised and reprinted from Proc., National Conference for Good City 
 Government. 
 
 Pollock, H. M. The public service commissions of the state of 
 New York. Annals of the American Academy of Political 
 and Social Science, xxxi, 11 5-1 24 (1908). 
 
 Stowe, L. B. The public service companies and the people. 
 Outlook, xcv, 515-521 (1910). 
 
^ 
 
 m 
 
 i66 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Whitney, T. H. The New York City public service commission. 
 Proc, American Political Science Association, v, 96-110 
 (1908). 
 An excellent account of the provisions of the act. 
 
 New York public utilities. Public Service Regulation, i, 
 
 127-128 (1912). 
 
 The public service commissions act of New York. Green 
 
 Bag, xix, 412-424 (1907). 
 A detailed analysis of the act. 
 
 WmxTEN, R. H. The work of the public service commission for 
 the first district, New York. {In King, C. L. The regulation 
 of municipal utilities. New York, 191 2.) 341-377. 
 Elementary. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. The crisis in public service regulation in New 
 
 York. National Municipal Review, iv, 547-563 (191 5). 
 
 A very popular historical account of the appointments to the first dis- 
 trict commission. Interesting because of lowing the effect of politics 
 on the efficiency and success of commissions. 
 
 Needed changes in the public service laws of New York. 
 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 2, 14-16 (1915). 
 
 An excellent brief discussion of the division of functions between state 
 and local regulation. 
 
 Public service commission situation in New York. Na- 
 
 tional Municipal Review, v, 307-309 (1916). 
 
 A supplementary note to " The crisis in public service regulation in 
 New York." 
 
 New York 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. a rapid transit policy for greater New York. 
 
 Proc, National Conference for Good City Government, 1909: 
 
 390-402. 
 
 An historical sketch, with discussion of the work of the rapid transit 
 commission. 
 
 (In King, C. L. The regulation of municipal utilities. 
 
 New York, 191 2.) 120-136. 
 Revised reprint. 
 
 PUBUC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 Ohio 
 
 167 
 
 Gaskill, D. L. Ohio's public utility law's weakness. Public 
 Service, xi, 49-51 (191 1). 
 A brief discussion of certain sections of the act. 
 
 Radcliffe, C. a. PubUc utiUty act of Ohio. PubUc Service 
 
 Regulation, i, 35 (1912). 
 
 Very brief account of the current act replacing the railroad commission 
 by a public service commission. 
 
 Oklahoma 
 
 McKay, E. F. The Oklahoma conmiission. Public Service 
 Regulation, i, 29-30 (1912). 
 On the organization, powers and work of the commission. 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 BowN, C. E. Some defects in the present Pennsylvania statute 
 on public utilities. Annals of the American Academy of Po- 
 litical and Social Science, liii, 45-54 (1914). 
 
 MuNSON, C. LaR. Pennsylvania public service law. Yale Law 
 Journal, xxiii, 214-247 (1914). 
 A detailed analysis of the act. 
 
 The public service company law of Pennsylvania (approved 
 
 July 26, 1913): digested, topically arranged and indexed 
 (with a copy of the act). Williamsport, 1913 ? 75 pp. 
 
 Stratton, I. W. State and local regulation in Pennsylvania. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, Ivii, 175-185 (1915). 
 
 A criticism of the commission law, because of too much power, red tape 
 and irresponsibility. 
 
 Tener, J. K. The need for a public utilities bill in Pennsylvania. 
 National Municipal Review, i, 401-403 (191 2). 
 A popular article advocating a commission with greater powers of en- 
 forcement of its findings. 
 
 Trinkle, W. N. The public service company law of Pennsyl- 
 vania. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, liii, 36-44 (1914). 
 An analysis and criticism of the commission act. 
 
1 68 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Wherry, W. M., Jr. Four public utilities laws analyzed: Illi- 
 nois, Indiana, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. ?, 1913. 
 91pp. 
 Each law analyzed separately by sections. 
 
 Texas 
 
 Haney, L. H. Railway regulation in Texas. Journal of Political 
 Economy, xix, 437-455 (191 1). 
 A discussion of the railroad commission law; of some general interest. 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Marston, Glenn. Vermont public utilities bill. Public Service, 
 vi, 109-110 (1909). 
 A brief arraignment of the act. 
 
 Virginia 
 
 Braxton, A. C. The Virginia state corporation commission. 
 American Law Review, xxxviii, 481-499 (1904). 
 An historical sketch and analysis of the law; technical. 
 
 Magruder, F. a. Recent administration in Virginia. Johns 
 Hopkins University Studies in History and Political Science, 
 XXX, 11-199 (1912). 
 
 Public service corporations: pp. 147-162. 
 
 A good historical study of the commissions and public service regulation. 
 
 Washington 
 
 Smith, J. A. Municipal t>5. state control of public utilities. Na- 
 tional Municipal Review, iii, 34-43 (1914). 
 
 Arguments against exclusive state control, including brief discussion of 
 the Washington law. 
 
 West Virginia 
 
 Wherry, W. M., Jr. Four public utilities laws analyzed: Illi- 
 nois, Indiana, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. ?, 1913. 
 91 pp. 
 Each law analyzed separately by sections. 
 
 PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 Wisconsin 
 
 169 
 
 Bryan, W. H. Going value as an element in the appraisal of 
 public utility properties. Journal of the Association of En- 
 gineering Societies, xliii, 147-158 (1909). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 286-288. A very interesting discussion of intangible 
 values as considered by the Wisconsin commission, and by J. W. 
 Alvord in his " Notes on going value and methods for its computa- 
 tion." 
 
 Journal of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxiv, 31-35 
 
 (1910). 
 Reprint. 
 
 Cadby, J. N. Regulating the quality of public utility service. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science, liii, 262-268 (1914). 
 
 A brief description of the Wisconsin commission's practice. 
 Standards for gas and electric service. Public Service 
 
 Regulation, ii, 94-99 (1913). 
 
 An outline of proposed changes in the service standards of the Wiscon- 
 sin commission; with brief discussion. 
 
 Commons, J. R. The La Follette railroad law in Wisconsin. 
 
 American Monthly Review of Reviews, xxxii, 76-79 (1905). 
 The Wisconsin public utilities law. American Review of 
 
 Reviews, xxxvi, 221-224 (1907). 
 
 Brief popular discussion of the law and its provisions. 
 
 Cravath, J. R. Demand and diversity factors and their influ- 
 ence on rates. Electrical World, Ivi, 567-570 (1910). 
 A good discussion, with tables compiled by the Wisconsin commission; 
 semi-technical. 
 
 Crowley, J. C. Control helps utilities. Public Service Regu- 
 lation, i, 181 (191 2). 
 
 Dkeher, H. W. Effect of utility regulations upon the banks. 
 Public Service, xv, 21-22 (19 13). 
 On the beneficial results of the Wisconsin public utility law. 
 
 Erickson, Halford. Methods of determining life of public 
 
 utilities. Engineering and Contracting, xxxviii, 448-450 
 
 (1912). 
 
 Abstract. Treats chiefly of methods of estimating life of equipment 
 used by the Wisconsin commission. 
 
I70 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Erickson, Halford. Methods of providing for and recording 
 
 depreciation. Engineering and Contracting, xxxviii, 506-511 
 
 (1912). 
 
 Abstract. A technical discussion of the accountancy of depreciation 
 of the Wisconsin commission; with tables. A continuation of the 
 abstract entitled " Methods of determining life of public utilities." 
 
 Rates and rate making under the Wisconsin public utility 
 
 law. Proc, American Waterworks Association, xxxiii, 49-68 
 
 (1913)- 
 
 Discussion: pp. 68-77. " My purpose here is to explain the work in- 
 volved, the facts that are needed and the methods employed in mak- 
 ing rates for waterworks under the public utility law in Wisconsin." 
 
 The regulation of public utilities in Wisconsin. Journal of 
 
 the Western Society of Engineers, xviii, 398-422 (1913). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 423-440. A good elementary description of the work of 
 the commission. 
 
 Public Service, xiv, 135-138, 179-181 (1913). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Regulation of utilities by commission. Railway Age 
 
 Gazette, Uv, 755-759 (1913). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Wisconsin method of depreciation accounting. Gas Age, 
 
 xxxiv, 113-117 (1914). 
 
 EscH, Fred. Utility law variations. Public Service Regulation, 
 
 1,492-494 (1912). 
 
 A comparison of the California and Wisconsin acts. 
 
 Fairchild, A. W. Review of recent legislation in Wisconsin 
 
 afifecting public utilities. Electric Railway Journal, xxxix, 
 
 145-146 (1912). 
 
 A brief description of the stock and bond law, and the indeterminate 
 permit legislation. 
 
 FooTE, A. R. Regulation of public utilities: a comparison of the 
 New York and Wisconsin public utility bills. Columbus, 
 191 1. 36 pp. 
 A detailed comparison of the various clauses; with a short bibliograj^y. 
 
 GiLMORE, E. A. The Wisconsin public utilities act. Green Bag, 
 
 »x, 517-525 (1907). 
 
 A detailed analysis of the provisions of the act. 
 
 PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 171 
 
 Holmes, F. L. Regulation of railroads and public utilities in 
 
 Wisconsin. New York, 191 5. 375 pp. 
 
 A very good annotated summary of the work of the commission. 
 For list of chapters, see p. 104. 
 
 Regulation that regulates. Independent, Ixviii, 905-910 
 
 (1910). 
 
 A popular account of the Wisconsin commission and its work; with 
 portraits of the commissioners. 
 
 HuDNALL, G. H. Public service conmiission law of Wisconsin. 
 Proc., American Political Science Association, iv, 316-323 
 (1907)- 
 
 Johnson, R. V. Workings of Wisconsin commission. Public 
 
 Service, xii, 129-132, 145-146 (191 2). 
 
 Treats chiefly of the benefits resulting, and includes extracts from re- 
 marks of various utility managers. 
 
 King, C. L. Minnesota home rule and Wisconsin regulation. 
 National Municipal Review, iii, 564-572 (1914). 
 
 A reply to Minnesota home rule league's " Regulation of public utilities 
 
 in Wisconsin." 
 A good discussion of the work of the Wisconsin commission, and results 
 
 therefrom. 
 
 Lapp, J. A. Public utilities control. American Political Science 
 Review, i, 626-638 (1907). 
 
 Analysis and comparison of the New York and Wisconsin commission 
 laws. 
 
 Lewis, H. T. Interest and profits in rate regulation: the prac- 
 tice of the Wisconsin railroad commission. Political Science 
 Quarterly, xxvii, 239-259 (1912). 
 A good analysis, with many quotations from cases before the commission. 
 
 Mathews, G. C. Wisconsin water rates. Public Service Regu- 
 lation, i, 33-35 (1912). 
 Discussion of the methods and procedure used. 
 
 Meyes, B. H. State supervision of electric railways in Wiscon- 
 sin. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xxxvii, 160-169 (191 1). 
 Relates to service requirements in particular. 
 
i 
 
 172 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Meyer, B. H. What the Wisconsin utilities commission has 
 done. Concerning Municipal Ownership, iii, 27-28 (1908). 
 Abstract. 
 
 The Wisconsin public utilities commission. (In King, C. L. 
 
 The regulation of municipal utilities. New York, 191 2.) 
 
 296-317. 
 
 Reprinted from Proc., National Conference for Good City Government. 
 
 The Wisconsin public utilities law. Proc., National Con- 
 ference for Good City Government, 1908: 257-268. 
 
 An account of the work of the conmiission and the resulting benefits; 
 with one table. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xxxiii, 103-104 (1909). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Miller, W. E. Ashland water rate decision explained. Engi- 
 neering Record, hod, 805-807 (1915). 
 
 On decisions of the Wisconsin commission refusing to accept 4 per cent 
 as an adequate return, and revising rates. 
 
 Minnesota Home Rule League. Regulation of public utilities in 
 Wisconsin: an analysis of the system and the results. Minne- 
 apolis, 1 914. 46 pp. 
 
 A brief arraignment of the conmiission; unconvincing. 
 For a reply, see C. L. King, " Minnesota home rule and Wisconsin regu- 
 lation." 
 
 Pence, W. D. The functions of a technical staff in public utility 
 regulation. Proc., Indiana Sanitary and Water Supply Asso- 
 ciation, 1913: 114-142. 
 
 Describes the work of the Wisconsin commission's technical staff; in- 
 cludes an outline of the inventory used and of the form of organization. 
 
 Functions of a technical staff in the regulation of public 
 
 utilities. Engineering Record, Ixvii, 260-262 (1913). 
 Abstract. 
 
 The valuation and inspection work of the joint engineering 
 
 staff of the Wisconsin tax and railroad conmiissions. Engi- 
 neering News, Ld, 227-229 (1909). 
 Abstract. 
 
 PUBUC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 173 
 
 Pence, W. D. Valuation by Wisconsin state engineers. Public 
 
 Service Regulation, ii, 127-130 (1913). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Wisconsin service inspection and improvement. Public 
 
 Service Regulation, ii, 167-171 (1913). 
 Abstract. 
 
 The work of the joint engineering staff of the Wisconsin 
 
 tax and raOroad commissions. Journal of the Western So- 
 ciety of Engineers, xiv, 73-100 (1909). 
 
 Discussion: pp. loo-iii. A full account of the organization and work 
 of the engineering department. 
 
 Engineering Record, lix, 10-12, 49-52, 73-75 (1909). 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 RoEMER, J. H. The causes and effects of a public utility com- 
 mission. Public Service, xi, 37-39, 85-88 (191 1). 
 Treats chiefly of the regulation of service by the Wisconsin conmiission. 
 
 Madison, 191 1. 25 pp. 
 
 Certain important provisions of the public utilities law of 
 
 Wisconsin, and the results of their operation. Kansas City ? 
 191 1 ? 20 pp. 
 
 Methods of regulating public utilities. Public Service, 
 
 xvii, 79-82 (1914). 
 
 Some features of state regulation of public utilities. Madi- 
 son, 1909. 25 pp. 
 
 A very general and popular article on regulation and the work of the 
 Wisconsin conmiission. 
 
 Salmon, C. B. Wisconsin public utility law: its operation and 
 
 results. Proc., American Waterworks Association, xxix, 163- 
 
 171 (1909). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 1 71-183. An analysis of the law, by clauses. 
 
 Mimicipal Engineering, xxxvii, 27-31 (1909). 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 The Wisconsin utility law: its benefits and restrictions. 
 
 Proc., Central States Waterworks Association, 191 2: 97-109. 
 Discussion: pp. 109-112. A good elementary account of the commis- 
 sion's work, including a brief analysis of the act. 
 
174 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 m 
 
 SiEFERT, C. A. Unifonn classification. Public Service Regu- 
 lation, i, 285-288 (191 2). 
 
 A description of the water utility accounting under the Wisconsin com- 
 mission. 
 
 Strait, E. N. Wisconsin commission method of rate making. 
 
 Gas Age, xxxv, 263-268 (191 5). 
 
 Describes the " mechanical procedure " by which gas and electric rates 
 are derived. Includes illustrative tables and one chart. 
 
 Watkins, G. p. Electrical rates in the opinions of the Wiscon- 
 sin conunission. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxvii, 373- 
 378 (1913)- 
 
 STATE vs. LOCAL REGULATION 
 
 BowN, C. E. Some defects in the present Pennsylvania statute 
 
 on public utilities. Annals of the American Academy of 
 
 Political and Social Science, liii, 45-54 (1914). 
 
 Asserts that municipalities should have more power, and the right to 
 compete with private plants. 
 
 Dailey, John. State vs, dty control. Public Service Regulation, 
 
 i, 183-184 (1912). 
 
 • 
 
 Downey, E. H. Regulation of urban utilities in Iowa. Iowa 
 City, 191 2. 174 pp. 
 
 Iowa applied history series, i, no. 3. 
 
 The failure of local regulation: pp. 39-51. 
 
 The appropriate organ of state regulation: pp. 52-59. 
 
 An excellent argument for state regulation. 
 
 Eastwood, J. S. The railroad commission and the public. 
 Journal of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxxii, 51-54 (1914). 
 The writer favors state control. 
 
 Eberhart, a. O. Why I believe in state regulation of public 
 service utilities. Public Service, xv, 157-158 (1913). 
 
 Erickson, Halford. The advantages of state regulation. Annals 
 
 of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 
 
 Ivii, 123-162 (1915). 
 
 The writer favors state regulation as being more uniform and because 
 the cities lack the necessary money and facilities. 
 
 PUBUC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 17s 
 
 EsHLEMAN, J. M. State and municipal control of utilities. Pub- 
 lic Service Regulation, i, 587-593 (1912). 
 Abstract. 
 
 State vs, municipal regulations of public utilities. Na- 
 tional Municipal Review, ii, 11-23 (i9i3)* 
 On the combination of state and local regulation in California, favoring 
 state control. 
 
 What regulation must accomplish if it is to be permanent. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science, Ivii, 94-110 (1915). 
 Excellent general discussion. 
 
 Hagenah, W. J. State control versus municipal. Public Service, 
 
 xiv, 21-22 (1913). 
 
 A good popular argument for state conmiissions. 
 
 Hakrison, C. H. The regulation of public utilities. Annals of 
 the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Ivii, 
 
 54-61 (1915). 
 
 Elementary discussion, including the advantages of local regulation. 
 
 Hatton, W. H. Public service commissions. Publications, 
 
 American Economic Association, 3d series, ix, 263-278 (1908). 
 Discussion: pp. 279-309. Refers briefly to the distribution of functions 
 between state and local regulation. 
 
 Proc., American Political Science Association, iv, 
 
 305-315 (1907)- 
 Discussion: pp. 324-335. 
 
 Holmes, F. L. State vs. local control. (In Regulation of 
 
 railroads and public utilities in Wisconsin. New York, 191 5.) 
 
 289-311. 
 
 On the experience of the Wisconsin commissbn, with general discussion; 
 the author favoring state control. 
 
 Jackson, H. D. The public vs. the public service corporation. 
 
 Engineering Magazine, xlix, 402-409 (191 5). 
 
 The writer advocates a combination of state and local controL 
 
 Jones, S. P. The advisability of a state public utilities com- 
 mission for Minnesota. Proc, Minnesota Academy of Social 
 
 Science, vi, 65-77 (191 2). 
 
 The writer favors local commissions for the large cities and a state com- 
 mission having jurisdiction only over rural conmiimities. 
 
176 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Jones, S. P. State vs. local regulation. Annals of the American 
 
 Academy of Political and Social Science, liii, 94-107 (1914). 
 
 Summarizes arguments against state regulation, and briefly refers to 
 the experience in various places. 
 
 What certain cities have accomplished without state regu- 
 lation. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Sdence, Ivii, 72-82 (191 5). 
 
 Argument for local regulation, with brief accounts of the experience in 
 various cities. 
 
 King, C. L. State vs, municipal utility commissions. {In The 
 regulation of municipal utilities. New York, 191 2.) 253- 
 263. 
 
 A good elementary discussion, the conclusion being that state commis- 
 sions are necessary, but that the largest cities should have local com- 
 missions cooperating with them. 
 
 McCuLLOCH, RiCHAM). Local VS, State regulation. Electric 
 Railway Journal, xliv, 694-696 (1914). 
 
 Gives a list of arguments against state regulation, and answers each in 
 turn. 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. The distribution of functions between local 
 and state regulation. Annals of the American Academy of 
 Political and Social Science, Ivii, 163-169 (1915). 
 
 Public service commissions. {In McLaughlin, A. C, 
 
 and Hart, A. B. Cyclopedia of American government. New 
 York, 1914.) iii, 108-110. 
 
 Gives examples of state and local commissions, with very little dis- 
 cussion. 
 
 Merriam, C. E. The case for home rule. Annals of the Ameri- 
 can Academy of Political and Social Science, Ivii, 170-174 
 (1915). 
 
 Meyer, B. H. Advantages of a state public utilities commission. 
 Proc, Minnesota Academy of Social Sdence, vi, 58-64 (191 2). 
 Discussion: pp. 78-87. 
 
 Central utilities commissions and home rule. American 
 
 Political Science Review, v, 374-393 (191 1). 
 A good popular discussion. 
 
 PUBUC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 177 
 
 Potter, Alexander. Obligation of the state to the municipality 
 in matters of public works. Proc, American Society of Mu- 
 nicipal Improvements, 191 5: 343-349. 
 
 The writer believes that the state commissions should have only ad- 
 visory powers over the affairs of cities. 
 
 RoEMER, J. H. Mimicipal regulation of public utilities. Proc., 
 
 National Electric Light Association, 191 5: general session, 
 
 271-283. 
 
 The writer believes that all except purely local matters can best be 
 handled by a state conunission. 
 
 Utility home rule. Public Service, xix, 13-16 (191 5). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Smith, J. A. Effect of state regulation of public utilities upon 
 
 municipal home rule. Annals of the American Academy of 
 
 Political and Social Science, Uii, 85-93 (1914)- 
 Strongly advocates local regulation because of its beneficial effect upon 
 city government, and because of the irresponsibility of state com- 
 missions. 
 
 Municipal vs. state control of public utilities. National 
 
 Municipal Review, iii, 34-43 (1914). 
 
 Arguments against exclusive state control of mimicipal utilities, in- 
 cluding brief discussion of the Washington law. 
 
 Stratton, I. W. State and local regulation in Pennsylvania. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science, Ivii, 175-185 (1915). 
 A criticism of the conunission law. 
 
 Thelen, Max. A Califomia problem. Public Service Regula- 
 tion, i, 662-663 (191 2). 
 
 Discusses question of whether Califomia mimicipalities shoidd delegate 
 lo the state conunission their powers over public utilities. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Local utility departments, franchise bureaus 
 
 and special experts. {In Municipal franchises. New York, 
 
 1911.) ii, 746-763. 
 
 A brief account of the local boards in various cities, with some discussion. 
 
 Municipal home rule and public utility franchises. Na- 
 tional Municipal Review, iii, 13-27 (1914). 
 Report of a committee of the National municipal league. 
 An excellent discussion of the division of functions between state and 
 local conunissions. 
 
178 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Needed changes in the pubUc service laws of 
 New York. UtiUties Magazine, i, no. 2, 14-16 (1915). 
 An exceUent brief discussion of the division of functions between state 
 and local regulation. 
 
 Works, L. R. State vs. municipal regulation of public utilities. 
 
 National Municipal Review, ii, 24-30 (1913). 
 
 Discusses chiefly the division of functions between state and local regu- 
 lation. 
 
 UNIFORM ACCOUNTING 
 
 Allison, LeR. W. Accounting system for electric companies. 
 Power, xxxviii, 697-700 (1913). 
 Outlines of an accounting system based on that prescribed by the New 
 
 Jersey commission, with tables of accounts and explanation. Of 
 
 interest to accountants only. 
 
 A complete accounting system for both large and small 
 
 waterworks properties. Engineering and Contracting, xli, 
 
 77-80 (1914). 
 
 Gives an extended outline of the accounts. 
 
 American Gas Institute. Report of committee on a uniform 
 system of accounts for gas companies, September, 1914. 
 Philadelphia ? 1914. 128 pp. 
 Gives the schedules and classifications of accounts without discussion. 
 
 American Waterworks Association. A discussion of depreciation 
 and a comparison of rates and bookkeeping methods of mu- 
 nicipally and privately owned waterworks. Proc., American 
 Waterworks Association, xxxiii, 325-327 (1912). 
 Brief comments by many different men. 
 
 Bauer, John. The idea of capitalization as applied to public 
 service corporations. Journal of Accountancy, xxii, 1-9 
 (1916). 
 Of accounting interest only. 
 
 Rents in public Utility accounting. Journal of Accountancy, 
 
 XX, 21-27 (1915)- 
 
 Bmtton,J.A. Accounting under utility regulation. Journal of 
 Electricity, Power and Gas, xxx, 330-332, 357-359, 383-385 
 (1913). 
 A detailed, elementary analysis of the different accounts, with diagrams. 
 
 PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 179 
 
 Brockway, W. B. Electric railway accounting: the monthly 
 report, the accounting department and the accoimtant. New 
 York, 1906. 84 pp. 
 An elementary work. 
 
 Cahoon, J. B. Uniform accounting. Proc, National Electric 
 Light Association, 1 900 : 1 80-2 29. 
 
 Classifications of accounts with suggested forms and some discussion; 
 technical. 
 
 Charles, S. A. Meter locations and meter accounts. Proc, 
 
 American Waterworks Association, xxiii, 556-564 (1903). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 565-581. Includes an outline of meter accounts with 
 suggested forms. 
 
 Chase, H. S. Maintenance and depreciation charges in accounts 
 of public service corporations. Journal of Accountancy, iv, 
 
 1-9 (1907). 
 
 On the need for proper and uniform accounts as the basis for compari- 
 sons of municipal and private ownership. 
 
 Standard and uniform reports from public utilities both 
 
 municipally and privately operated. Proc, National Con- 
 ference for Good City Government, 1906: 227-243. 
 
 The writer advocates uniform reports from municipal and private 
 plants all over the country. He suggests the Bureau of the census as 
 the center of the movement. 
 
 Comparative statistics from ten Massachusetts companies, based on the 
 proposed standard schedule, are appended. 
 
 Standard and uniform reports. Mimicipal Journal and 
 
 Engineer, xxi, 566-570 (1906). 
 Reprint. 
 
 CoLDWELL, O. B. Analytical accounting for central station com- 
 panies. Proc, National Electric Light Association, 191 5: 
 accounting session, 1 1 i-i 2 2 . 
 Discussion: pp. 122-127. General, with illustrative forms. 
 
 Davies, H. J. Some accounting features of the Cleveland rail- 
 way company *s franchise. Proc, American Street and In- 
 terurban Railway Accoimtants* Association, 19 10: 125-150. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 150-154. Of accounting interest only; includes many 
 tables. 
 
l8o BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 EDWAia)s, H. M. Electric light accounts and their significance. 
 New York, 1914. 172 pp. 
 A detailed analysis of the accounts; technical. 
 
 Regulated electric light accountmg. Proc, National Elec- 
 tric Light Association, 191 2: vol. ii, 106-137. 
 Discussion: pp. 137-.148. A critical analysis of the accounting system 
 
 prescnbed by the New York commission. Technical. 
 
 Elkins, a. F. Public service accounting. Aera, ii, 1226-1231 
 
 (1914). 
 
 Emery, J. A. Statistical units used in analysis of electric raO- 
 way accounts. Proc, American Electric Railway Account- 
 ants' Association, 1913 : 152-161. 
 Discussion: pp. 161-166. 
 
 ^^^c> American Electric Railway Transportation and 
 TraflSc Association, 1913: 403-412. 
 Discussion: pp. 413-417. The same as above. 
 Erickson, Halford. Importance of uniform accounts and 
 statistics. American Gas Light Journal, xcix, 54-55, 58-50 
 (1913). 
 A good, elementary article. 
 
 FoLWELL, A. P. Standard forms for municipal utiUUes. Proc., 
 
 American Society of Municipal Improvements, 191 2: 54-67! 
 
 Discussion: pp. 67-69. The results of an inquiry as to the reasons a 
 
 standard accounting system was not generaUy used by waterworks 
 
 throughout the country. 
 
 FoRSE, W. H., Jr. Electric railway auditing and accounting. 
 New York, 1908. 157 pp. 
 
 An accounting textbook. 
 
 Improving accounting methods. Aera, ii, 707-713 (1914). 
 
 On the proposed changes in the Interstate commerce commission classi- 
 fication. 
 
 Interline accounting of interurban railways. Proc., Ameri- 
 can Street and Interurban Railway Accountants' Association, 
 190S: 75-92. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 92-107. Of accounting interest only: with sample 
 forms. ^ 
 
 PUBUC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 181 
 
 Foster, H. A. Central station bookkeeping and suggested forms : 
 with an appendix for street railways. New York, 1894. 
 
 139 PP- 
 
 Fuller, C. H. Estimating cost of track construction on a unit 
 
 time basis. Electric Railway Journal, xlvii, 80-84 (1916). 
 Includes suggested forms and illustrative examples. 
 
 Gault, E. D. Accounting system for a small electric railway. 
 Proc., American Electric Railway Accoimtants' Association, 
 191 I : 30-49. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 49-68. A description of the various books and ac- 
 counts. 
 
 George, H. H. Estimating the cost. Electric Railway Journal, 
 xliv, 68-71 (1914). 
 
 On correct accounting for replacements and improvements; with illus- 
 trative forms. 
 
 Gruhl, Edwin. Uniform accounting: its needs and results. 
 (In King, C. L. The regulation of mimicipal utilities. New 
 York, 191 2.) 264-275. 
 A good elementary account. 
 
 Hatfield, H. R. Some neglected phases of accounting. Elec- 
 tric Railway Journal, xlvi, 799-802 (191 5). 
 
 Holmes, F. L. Uniform accounting. (In Regulation of rail- 
 roads and public utilities in Wisconsin. New York, 191 5.) 
 69-78. 
 
 A good elementary discussion of the need for uniform accounting, and 
 of the experience of the Wisconsin commission. 
 
 Humphreys, A. C. Need for uniform accounts. Public Service, 
 
 u> 147-155 (1907)- 
 Reprint. 
 
 The present and growing need for the general adoption of 
 
 a uniform system of records and accoimts. Proc, New Eng- 
 land Association of Gas Engineers, 1907: 147-174. 
 Discussion: pp. 174-187. For a supplementary paper, see his " Depre- 
 dation," Proc., American Gas Institute, ii, 307-353 (1907). 
 
 Johnson, George. Electric lighting accounts. London, 1904. 
 128 pp. 
 
 The Accoimtants' library, vol. xzix. On the books and accounting 
 methods; technical. 
 
i 
 
 ;■ 
 
 :u: 
 
 m, 
 
 182 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 KiTTREDGE, A. O. An ideal system of street railway accounts. 
 Street Railway Journal, xv, 30-32 (1899). 
 Includes a chart iUustrating the proposed system of accounts. 
 
 Lawton, W. H. The new classification of electric railway ex- 
 penses. Journal of Accountancy, vi, 114-122 (1908). 
 Discussion of the Interstate commerce commission classiiftcation. 
 
 McCoLL, Donald. Tramway bookkeeping and accounts. Lon- 
 don, 1902. 226 pp. 
 
 Accountants' library, xv. 
 Includes illustrative fonns. 
 
 Tramway bookkeeping and accounts simplified. London, 
 1907. 44 pp. 
 Accountants' library, xlviii. 
 Elementary and popular. 
 
 Miller, H. C. Applying efficiency standards in central station 
 accounting. Journal of Accountancy, xvi, 432-434 (1913). 
 
 MuLHALL, J. F. J. A few experiences on the examination of 
 waterworks accounts and management. Proc., American 
 Waterworks Association, xxvii, 441-444 (1907). 
 
 Quasi-public corporation accounting and management. 
 Boston, 1905 ? 198 pp. 
 An accounting textbook. 
 
 Waterworks accounting. Journal of the New England 
 Waterworks Association, xix, 395-403 (1905). 
 Extracts from his " Quasi-public accounting and management." 
 
 National Electric Light Association. Standard classification of 
 construction and operating accounts for electric light and 
 power companies. ?, 1912 ? 129 pp. 
 
 Nau, C. H. Uniform systems of accounts for public utilities. 
 Journal of Accountancy, xvii, 412-426 (1914). 
 
 Neal, J. H. Where maintenance ends and depreciation begins. 
 Proc, American Street and Interurban Railway Accountants' 
 Association, 1907: 195-200. 
 Discussion: pp. 200-202. Chiefly of accounting interest; with Ubles. 
 
 PUBUC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 183 
 
 Nutting, H. G. D. An accounting system for small central 
 stations. Electrical Review and Western Electrician, bdv, 
 221-226 (1914). 
 Outline of the accounts, with a number of illustrative forms. 
 
 Patterson, A. R. Organization of the accounting department 
 of an electric railway and light company. Proc, American 
 Street and Interurban Railway Accountants' Association, 
 
 1908: 35-44- 
 Discussion: pp. 44-60. 
 
 Powers, L. G. Governmental regulation of accounting pro- 
 cedure. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, liii, 1 19-127 (1914). 
 
 Elementary argument as to the necessity of uniform accounting for 
 proper regulation. 
 
 RoBSON, H. A. Municipal utilities' accounting. Public Service 
 
 Regulation, ii, 465 (1913). 
 
 Chiefly on the necessity of supervision of the accounts of municipal 
 plants. 
 
 ScHOLEFiELD, J. B. Engineering and accounting: their relation 
 with special reference to public utilities. Journal of the 
 Association of Engineering Societies, lii, 153-164 (1914). 
 On accounting in relation to valuation. 
 
 ScoBELL, E. C. Variations in public service systems of accoimt- 
 
 ing. Proc., National Electric Light Association, 1914: ac- 
 
 coimting session, 188-193. 
 
 A brief r€sum6 of some of the differences in the requirements of different 
 commissions. 
 
 SiEFERT, C. A. Uniform classification. Public Service Regula- 
 tion, i, 285-288 (191 2). 
 
 A description of the water utility accounting under the Wisconsin com- 
 mission. 
 
 Stevens, F.W. Accounting in public service regulation. Annals 
 
 of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 
 
 liii, 128-134 (1914). 
 
 Good elementary discussion of the necessity for imiform accoimting; 
 favors periodical audits. 
 
['.'l 
 
 li: 
 
 t. 
 
 
 W' i, 
 
 • ■< ; 
 
 ;* t. 
 ■ ) ' 
 
 l\ 
 
 184 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Wolff, Mark. Interpretation of waterworks accounts. Journal 
 
 of the American Waterworks Association, iii, 52^556 (1916). 
 
 A thorough study, with iUustrative examples and many suggested forms' 
 
 of accounting interest only. ' 
 
 Young, P. S. Accounting methods of a holding company. Proc., 
 American Street and Interurban Railway Accountants' Asso-' 
 dation, 1908: 107-113. 
 
 The accounting of capital expenditures. Proc., American 
 
 Street and Interurban Railway Accountants' Association, 
 
 1906: 50-57. 
 
 Discussion: 58-79. Brief, with illustrative forms. 
 
 SERVICE REGULATION 
 Abady, Jacques. Suggested testing regulations in the United 
 States: a criticism. American Gas Light Journal, c, 103, 
 106-108 (1914). 
 
 A criticism of Bureau of standards circular no. 32, " Standard regulations 
 for manufactured gas and gas service." 
 
 For a reply, see Rosa and McBride, " Standards for gas service." 
 Blood, W. H., Jr. Improvements in central station service. 
 
 Public Service, x, 173-174 (191 1). 
 
 The gain in twenty years' development of the electrical industry. 
 Cadby, J. N. Regulating the quahty of pubHc utihty service. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of PoHtical and Sodal 
 
 Science, liii, 262-268 (1914). 
 
 A brief description of the Wisconsin commission's practice. 
 
 Standards for gas and electric service. Public Service 
 
 Regulation, ii, 94-99 (1913). 
 
 An outline of proposed changes in the service standards of the Wisconsin 
 commission; with brief discussion. 
 
 Deacon, W. G. The Chicago traction plan. PubUc Service, 
 ™> 165-172 (1912). 
 D^bes municipal control by engineering boards. Discusses the 
 
 history of traction service in Chicago; with a map, charts and 
 
 photographs. 
 
 Dickerman, J. C. Some notes on the regulation of gas service. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, liii, 278-284 (1914). 
 Good, elementary. 
 
 PUBUC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 1 85 
 
 Dickerman, J. C. Standards for gas service: established by 
 public service commissions. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 6, 16- 
 21 (1916). 
 
 Supplementary to U. S. Bureau of standards, " Standards for gas ser- 
 vice " (circular no. 32, 3d edition). Codification of the rules of all 
 commissions. 
 
 Standards of service clauses in street lighting contracts. 
 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 2, 2-7 (1915). 
 
 An elementary discussion of the various contracts now in use. 
 
 DoouTTLE, F. W. Railway operation in Cleveland. Electric 
 Railway Journal, xlvii, 359-364 (1916). 
 
 Elliott, E. L. Indel&nite candle power in municipal contracts. 
 Proc, National Electric Light Association, 1907: vol. i, 246- 
 252. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 263-287. On the misunderstandings caused by in- 
 definite standards in the contracts and the need for greater exactness. 
 
 Emckson, Halford. The advantages of state regulation. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science, Ivii, 123-162 (1915). 
 
 Good service is emphasized as being at least as important as fair rates. 
 Fernald, R. H. Service regulations for gas. Annals of the 
 
 American Academy of Political and Social Science, liii, 26^ 
 
 277 (1914). 
 
 A good elementary analysis of the provisions commonly enforced. 
 FORSTALL, A. E. Concerning gas standards. Public Service, iv, 
 
 12-14 (1908). 
 
 Harris, L.H. Service regulations for electrical utilities. Annals 
 of the American Academy of Political and Sodal Science, liii, 
 285-291 (1914). 
 Good elementary statement of principles. 
 
 Harris, R. W. A method for determining the adequacy of an 
 electric railway system. Trans., American Institute of Elec- 
 trical Engineers, xxix, 1495-1516 (1910). 
 Technical, with tables and charts. 
 
 Holmes, F. L. Standardization of service. {In Regulation of 
 
 railroads and public utilities in Wisconsin. New York, 191 5.) 
 
 57-68. 
 
 A good annotated account of service regulation by the Wisconsin com- 
 mission; very brief. 
 
1 I 
 
 1 « 
 
 1 86 BIBUOGRAPHY OP MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Hunter, C. F. Commission's electrical testing outfit. Public 
 Service Regulation, i, 333-335 (1912). 
 
 Description of the testing equipment of the New York public service 
 commission for the second district, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Ingham, W. B. Theory and practice of the skip-stop. Aera, 
 ill, 1212-1215 (1915). 
 
 King, C. L. Rules regulating water service adopted by state 
 public service commissions. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 9, 
 19-23 (1916). 
 
 Codification of the rules of all commissions. 
 
 Klumpp, J. B. Summary of commission regulations governing 
 gas supply. American Gas Light Journal, dii, 75 (1915). 
 An excellent tabular summary. 
 
 Leonard, C. F. Gas service regulation in New York. Public 
 Service Regulation, i, 455-458 (191 2). 
 
 Description of the testing equipment and methods of the New York 
 public service commission for the second district, illustrated with 
 photographs. 
 
 MacAfee, J. B. A view of the " no-seat-no-fare " proposition. 
 Electric Traction Weekly, vi, 890-892 (1910). 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. The fruits of public regulation in New York. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xxxvii, 170-190 (191 1). 
 On the improved service resulting from the commission. 
 
 Meyer, B. H. State supervision of electric railways in Wiscon- 
 sin. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xxxvii, 160-169 (1911). 
 
 Pence, W. D. The functions of a technical staff in public utility 
 regulation. Proc., Indiana Sanitary and Water Supply Asso- 
 ciation, 1913: I 14-142. 
 
 Describes the work of the Wisconsin commission's technical staflF and in- 
 cludes an outline of the inventory used and of the form of organization. 
 
 Functions of a technical staff in the regulation of public 
 
 utilities. Engineering Record, kvii, 260-262 (1913). 
 Abstract. 
 
 PUBUC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 187 
 
 Pence, W. D. The valuation and inspection work of the joint 
 engineering staff of the Wisconsin tax and railroad commis- 
 sions. Engineering News, bd, 227-229 (1909). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Wisconsin service inspection and improvement. Public 
 
 Service Regulation, ii, 167-171 (1913). 
 Abstract. 
 
 The work of the joint engineering staff of the Wisconsin 
 
 tax and railroad commissions. Journal of the Western So- 
 ciety of Engineers, xiv, 73-100 (1909). 
 
 Discussion: pp. loo-iii. A full account of the organization and work 
 of the engineering department. 
 
 Engineering Record, lix, 10-12, 49-52, 73-75 (1909). 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 Pike, C. W. Service standards for electric light and power com- 
 panies as prescribed by public service commissions. Utilities 
 Magazine, i, no. 5, 21-28 (1916). 
 See revised codification. 
 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 7, 30-40 (1916). 
 
 Revised codification of the rules of all commissions. 
 
 RoEMER, J. H. The causes and effects of a public utility com- 
 mission. Public Service, xi, 37-39, 85-88 (191 1). 
 Treats chiefly of the regulation of service by the Wisconsin commission. 
 
 Madison, 1911. 25 pp. 
 
 Rosa, E. B. The function of research in the regulation of natural 
 
 monopolies. Science, new series, xxxvii, 579-593 (1913). 
 
 An account of the work of the Bureau of standards on service standards 
 for public utilities. 
 
 The government's part in regulation. Public Service, 
 
 xviii, 141-143 (1915)- 
 
 The legal specifications for illuminating gas. Proc., Ameri- 
 can Gas Institute, vii, 223-253 (191 2). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 254-272. Interesting r6sum6 and comment on U. S. 
 Bureau of standards circular no. 32, " State and municipal regulations 
 for the quality, distribution and testing of illuminating gas." 
 
1 88 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Rosa, E. B. Research in the regulation of natural monopolies. 
 Gas Age, xxxiv, 14-17 (1914). 
 
 , and McBride, R. S. Standards for gas service. American 
 
 Gas Light Journal, c, 371-375 (iQM). 
 
 A reply to Jacques Abady, " Suggested testing regulations in the United 
 States: a criticism." 
 
 Shaw, W. A. The development and importance of an adequate 
 
 engineering department for a public service commission. 
 
 Journal of the Western Society of Engineers, xx, 685-693 
 
 (1915). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 693-696. 
 
 The engineering department for a public service commis- 
 sion. American Gas Light Journal, civ, 147-148 (1916). 
 Abstract. 
 
 SmsHEiMER, P. A. Ten rules for service: principles applied by 
 
 the railroad commission of California to the regulation of 
 
 public utility service. Annals of the American Academy of 
 
 Political and Social Science, liii, 292-306 (1914). 
 Good; elementary. 
 
 U. S. Bureau of Standards. Standard methods of gas testing. 
 Washington, 1914. 180 pp. 
 Circular no. 48; first edition. 
 Second edition, 1916, 202 pp. 
 Detailed; technical. 
 
 Standard regulations for manufactured gas and gas service. 
 
 Washington, 1913. 170 pp. 
 
 Circular no. 32; second edition. Superseding "State and municipal 
 
 regulations for the quality, distribution and testing of illuminatmg 
 
 gas." 
 
 Contains suggested regulations, and a review of existing regulations. 
 Technical. 
 
 Standards for electric service. Washington, 1916. 262 pp. 
 
 Circular no. 56; first edition. An excellent classification and tabulation 
 of the various state and municipal regulations; with discussion of 
 proposed standards. Technical. 
 
 Standards for gas service. Washington, 1915. 197 pp. 
 
 Circular no. 32; third edition. Superseding " Standard regulations for 
 
 manufactured gas and gas service." 
 Consists largely of suggested regulations, but includes a summary of 
 
 regulations now in force. Technical. 
 
 PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 189 
 
 U. S. Bureau of Standards. State and municipal regulations for 
 the quality, distribution, and testing of illimndnating gas. 
 Washington, 191 2. 133 pp. 
 
 Circular no. 32 ; first edition. An excellent classification and tabulation. 
 Technical. 
 
 ViTTiNGHOFF, Hans VON. The regulation of the service rendered 
 by gas companies. Stone and Webster Public Service Journal, 
 xi, 266-269 (1912). 
 Brief comment on U. S. Bureau of standards circular no. 32, " State 
 
 and municipal regulations for the quality, distribution and testing 
 
 of illuminating gas." 
 
 Wade, H. T. The national bureau of standards and standards 
 for public utilities. Engineering Magazine, xlix, 240-251 
 (1915). 
 
 Weston, George. Supervising engineers and street raOway 
 service: the value of a board of supervising engineers in se- 
 curing efficient street railway service. Annals of the Ameri- 
 can Academy of Political and Social Science, xxxvii, 191-202 
 (1911). 
 Chiefly historical. 
 
 Witt, Peter. Public favors skip-stop. Aera, iv, 224-227 (1915). 
 Brief account of the plan used by the Cleveland railways. 
 
 Wyman, Bruce. Illegality as an excuse for refusal of public ser- 
 vice. Harvard Law Review, xxiii, 577-589 (1910). 
 An annotated legal study, referring chiefly to railroads. 
 
 CONTROL OF CAPITALIZATION 
 
 Ayres, A..U. Governmental regulation of securities issues. 
 
 Political Science Quarterly, xxviii, 586-592 (1913). 
 
 A good, brief survey of blue-sky legislation and conmiission control of 
 capitalization. 
 
 Brandeis, L. D. Interlocking directorates. Annals of the 
 American Academy of Political and Social Science, Ivii, 45-49 
 (1915)- 
 
 Bullock, C. J. Control of the capitalization of public service 
 corporations in Massachusetts. Publications, American Eco- 
 nomic Association, 3d series, x, 384-415 (1909). 
 Discussion: pp. 415-430. 
 
•4 
 
 
 190 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Calkins, Grosvenor. The Massachusetts and-stock-watering 
 law. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxii, 640-645 (1908). 
 A brief account of the act of 1908. 
 
 Erickson, Halford. Regulation of public utilities: three dis- 
 cussions. Madison, 191 1. 66 pp. 
 
 Government regulation of securities issues: pp. 42-66. 
 Elementary. 
 
 Should government regulate security issues of public util- 
 ities ? Public Service, xiii, 11 5-1 19 (1908). 
 
 EsHLEMAN, J. M. Should the public utilities commission have 
 
 power to control the issuance of securities ? Annals of the 
 
 American Academy of Political and Social Science, liii, 148- 
 
 161 (1914). 
 
 Excellent general account of the desirability of securities regulation and 
 of the arguments as to strict control vs. publicity. 
 
 Ferrin, a. W. Blue sky legislation. Moody's Magazine, xv, 
 221-226 (1913). 
 
 A popular but interesting discussion of the Kansas law; including a 
 proposed model bill. 
 
 Goodrich, J. P. The public welfare and the holding company. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, Ivii, 323-334 (1915). 
 Emphasizes difficulty of regulating securities of holding companies. 
 
 Gray, J. H. Competition and capitalization, as controlled by 
 the Massachusetts gas commission. Quarterly Journal of 
 Economics, xv, 254-276 (1901). 
 
 Heilman, R. E. Commission control of refunding utility se- 
 curities. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 4, 26-30 (191 6). 
 Contains many citations of court and commission decisions. 
 
 The development by commissions of the principles of pub- 
 lic utility capitalization. Journal of Political Economy, 
 xxiii, 888-909 (1915). 
 
 An excellent annotated study, with a brief discussion of the attitude of 
 the various conmiissions on important capitalization problems. 
 
 PUBUC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 191 
 
 Holmes, F.L. Regulation of stocks and bonds. (/» Regulation 
 of railroads and public utilities in Wisconsin. New York, 
 
 191 sO 237-248. 
 
 A good, brief account of the control of capitalization by the Wisconsin 
 commission. 
 
 Mead, E. S. The public service conmiission and the investor. 
 Lippincott*s Monthly Magazine, xc, 764-768 (191 2). 
 A popular discussion of the control of capitalization by the New York 
 
 commissions. 
 
 1'', 
 
 , 1, 
 
 State supervision of security issues. (In Corporation 
 
 finance. New York, 1910.) 72-80. 
 
 Miller, E. T. The Texas stock and bond law and its adminis- 
 tration. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxii, 109-119 
 
 (1907). 
 Newcomb, H. T. Government regulation of railway capitaliza- 
 tion. Railway World, Iv, 188-189, 208-209 (191 1). 
 Treats of railroads only, but is of some interest for other public utilities. 
 
 Potts, C. S. Texas stock and bond law. Annals of the Ameri- 
 can Academy of Political and Social Science, liii, 162-171 
 
 (1914). 
 
 History and discussion. 
 
 Ripley, W. Z. The capitalization of public service corporations. 
 Quarterly Journal of Economics, xv, 106-137 (1900). 
 A thorough, fully annotated study; discusses railroads only, but is of 
 
 some interest for other utilities. There is considerable attention paid 
 
 to practice in Massachusetts. 
 
 Public regulation of railroad issues. American Economic 
 
 Review, iv, 541-564 (iQM)- 
 
 A good, thoroughly annotated discussion. Treats of railroads only, 
 but is of interest for all public utilities. 
 
 State regulation of security issues. (/» Railroads: finance 
 
 and organization. New York, 191 5.) 281-312. 
 A very good discussion, with some historical treatment. 
 
 ScHAPF, Morris. Capitalization of earnings of public service 
 companies. Annals of the American Academy of Political 
 and Social Science, liii, 1 78-181 (1914)- 
 
/ 
 
 
 192 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 SmsHEiMER, P. A. Regulation of pubHc utiUty securities. Jour- 
 nal of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxxiv, 294-296 (1915). 
 Very general; refers especially to California. 
 
 Spencer, A. W. The prevention of stock watering by public 
 service corporations. Journal of Political Economy, xiv, 
 542-552 (1906). 
 
 A good discussion of the principles of the regulation of securities issues 
 and of the practice of the diflferent states. The writer advocates 
 separate state laws applying to public service corporations. 
 
 Thompson, R. A. Method used by the railroad commission of 
 Texas, under the stock and bond law, in valuing raikoad 
 properties. Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, 111, 
 328-345 (1904). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 346-364. A brief, technical description of the methods 
 used m taking the inventory, with illustrative forms and tables. 
 
 Wmghtington, S. R. Taxation of "guaranteed" stock in 
 Massachusetts. Green Bag, xxiv, 8-17 (1912). 
 An account of an attempt of the Boston and Maine railroad to dodge 
 bond taxation by issuing " guaranteed stock." 
 
 JUDICIAL REVIEW OF REGULATION 
 General Works 
 
 Baker, J. N. The limitation of state control over the regulation 
 of rates. Yale Law Journal, xxi, 126-140 (1911). 
 Discusses raihx)ad regulation only, but is of general interest in regard 
 to judicial review. 
 
 Baker, N. D. Discussion of constitutional protection in valua- 
 tion. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3, 215-216 (1916). 
 
 Beale, J. H., and Wyman, Bruce. Judicial review of commis- 
 sion action. (/» Raikoad rate regulation. 2d edition. New 
 York, 1915.) 1021-1077. 
 
 An excellent, annotated legal study. Refers only to the IntersUte 
 commerce conmiission, but is of interest for all public utilities. 
 
 Friedman, H. J. A word about commissions. Harvard Law 
 Review, xxv, 704-716 (1912). 
 
 An excellent discussion of whether commissions are legislative or ju- 
 dicial and of the importance of the decision; with citations. 
 
 PUBUC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 193 
 
 Kerr, W. D. Constitutional protection in valuation. Utilities 
 
 Magazine, i, no. 3, 208-215 (1916). 
 LiNDSLEY, Van Sinderen. Rate regulation of gas and electric 
 
 lightmg. New York, 1906. 165 pp. 
 
 " The object of this little book is to set forth, as concisely as the scope 
 of the subject wiU permit, the legislative acts and decided cases in 
 the several states affecting the business of supplying gas and electric 
 light." 
 
 An excellent study. 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. The conmiissions and the courts. Public Ser- 
 vice, xii, 141-142 (191 2). 
 Good; elementary. 
 
 Judicial review of public regulation. Journal of Political 
 
 Economy, xx, 480-491 (191 2). 
 
 A very good article discussing the variation in practice of the different 
 states, and including an argument against broad review. 
 
 Electric Traction Weekly, viii, 290-291 (1912). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Matthews, Nathan, Jr., and Thompson, W. G. Public service 
 company rates and the fourteenth amendment. Harvard 
 
 Law Review, xv, 249-270 (1901); 353~38i (1902). 
 Discusses railroad rates only, but is an excellent annotated study of 
 decisions as to rate regulation and the extent of judicial review. 
 
 Newcomb, H. T. Constitutionality of the delegations in the in- 
 terstate conmierce law. Railway World, liv, 526-528, 546- 
 
 55o» 566-570 (1910)- 
 
 Discussion limited to railroads, but is of interest in connection with the 
 
 extent of judicial review in general. 
 
 Philadelphia, 1910. 43 pp. 
 
 Reprint. 
 The force and effect of the orders of the Interstate com- 
 merce commission. Harvard Law Review, xxiii, 1 2-29 (1909). 
 Although treating only of railroad regulation, this interesting and 
 thoroughly annotated study is of general interest in connection with 
 the extent of judicial review. 
 
 Pond, O. L. Methods of judicial review in relation to the effec- 
 tiveness of commission control. Annals of the American 
 
 Academy of PoUtical and Social Science, liii, 54-65 (1914)- 
 An excellent annotated classification of the conmiission laws of all states, 
 with discussion. 
 
 ^ 
 
Kl 
 
 S 
 
 ^ 
 
 194 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Pope, Herbert. Municipal contracts and the regulation of 
 
 rates. Harvard Law Review, xvi, 1-21 (1902). 
 
 On the validity and eflFect of contract and franchise provisions as to 
 rates. 
 
 Prouty, C. a. Court protection unsafe. PubUc Service Regu- 
 lation, i, 246-249 (191 2). 
 
 The writer asserts that the legislature must dominate since the courts 
 do not mspire confidence. 
 
 The meaning of the constitutional protection in valuation. 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3, 204-208 (1916). 
 On the extent of judicial review; elementary. 
 
 Smalley, H. S. Railroad rate control. PubHcations, American 
 
 Economic Association, 3d series, vii, 327-473 (1906). 
 
 Excellent article on aU aspects of judicial review. Treats of railroads 
 only, but is of interest for all public utilities. 
 
 Wyer, S. S. Regulation, valuation and depreciation of public 
 utilities. Columbus, 1913. 313 pp. 
 
 Protection of pubHc utilities from adverse legislation: pp. 78-85 
 Requirements of regulation: pp. 86-95. 
 Relief from oppressive legislation: pp. 96-100. 
 Composed largely of quotations from books, articles and cases. 
 Wyman, Bruce. Jurisdictional limitations upon commission 
 action. Harvard Law Review, xxvii, 545-569 (1914). 
 An excellent annotated legal study. 
 
 History 
 
 Adams, A. D. Reasonable rates. Journal of Political Economy, 
 
 ™, 79-97 (1903). 
 
 A very excellent, concise review of aU the United States Supreme Court's 
 decisions on rate regulation, with brief discussion. 
 
 Baker, J.N. Limiting state regulation. PubUc Service Regu- 
 lation, i, 185-190 (1912). 
 
 Abstract of " The limitation of state control over the regulation of rates." 
 
 Barrow, W. M. State railroad commissions and the courts. 
 Freight, vi, 201-207 (1906). 
 
 A discussion of judicial review, with a list of the powers of the various 
 commissions and syllabi of litigated cases. 
 
 PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS 
 
 19s 
 
 Holmes, F. L. Commission and the courts. (In Regulation of 
 
 railroads and public utilities in Wisconsin. New York, 1915.) 
 
 317-344. 
 
 On the history of judicial review in Wisconsin, with many quotations 
 from decisions. 
 
 Johnson, E. R., and Van Metre, T. W. The courts and rail- 
 road regulation. (In Principles of railway transportation. 
 New York, 1916.) 535-563. 
 A brief historical sketch. 
 
 The courts and railway regulation. (In American railway 
 
 transportation. 2d revised edition. New York, 1909.) 386- 
 407. 
 
 (In Elements of transportation. New York, 1909.) 
 
 146-152. 
 
 Ripley, W. Z. The determination of reasonable rates. (In 
 Railroads: finance and organization. New York, 191 5.) 
 
 313-330- 
 
 Interesting as tracing the history of judicial review. 
 
 Sharfman, I. L. The regulation of railway rates. (In Railway 
 
 regulation. Chicago, 191 5.) 87-1 11. 
 
 Outlines the development of rate regulation and of the doctrine of 
 judicial review, pp. 87-100. Includes many quotations from decisions 
 and citations. 
 
h*: 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 197 
 
 ^'i 
 
 11 
 
 i 
 
 ll 
 
 II . 
 
 V. VALUATION 
 
 GENERAL WORKS 
 
 Books 
 
 Darrach, C. G. Valuation of the properties of public utility 
 corporations. Philadelphia, 1913. 61 pp. 
 
 Outlines a proposed theory of valuation. Includes tables and charts; 
 technical. 
 
 Floy, Henry. Valuation of public utility properties. New 
 York, 191 2. 390 pp. 
 
 Ch. i. Introduction. 
 Glossary. 
 
 Public service commissions. 
 Making an appraisal. 
 Structural costs. 
 
 Development expenses, intangible expenses, non-physical costs, 
 
 overhead expenses. 
 Franchises, good will, going value, contracts. 
 Depreciation. 
 
 Appraisals of public utility properties in greater New YoA. 
 X. Examples of important appraisals. 
 A good textbook, chiefly of engineering interest. Includes many quo- 
 tations from other writers and from court and commission cases; also 
 many tables of results of different appraisals. 
 
 u. 
 
 • •• 
 
 m. 
 iv. 
 
 V. 
 
 vi. 
 
 VU. 
 
 • • • 
 
 vm. 
 ix. 
 
 — Value for rate making. New York, 1916. 322 pp. 
 
 Ch. i. Introduction. 
 
 ii. Definitions. 
 
 iii. Fundamentals in valuation. 
 
 iv. Fair value for rate making. 
 
 V. Cost of reproduction. 
 
 vi. Land, paving and water rights, 
 vii. Franchises, working capital and bond discounts, 
 viii. Going value. 
 
 ix. Depreciation. 
 An excellent treatise; discusses both theories and methods with many 
 quotations from other writers and from court and commission cases. 
 Of special interest to engineers; somewhat technical. 
 
 106 
 
 Foster, H. A. Engineering valuation of public utilities and 
 factories. New York, 191 2. 345 pp. 
 
 Ch. i. Value. 
 
 ii. Purposes of valuation. 
 
 iii. Directions for the valuation of tangible property. 
 
 iv. Instructions for valuation. 
 
 V. Forms for use in making a valuation. 
 
 vi. The cost of valuing a property, 
 vii. Value of good will, going concern or going value, 
 viii. Depreciation. 
 
 iz. Amortization. 
 
 X. Handling of depreciation funds. 
 
 zi. Appreciation, 
 xii. Franchise, 
 ziii. Capitalization, 
 ziv. Control of public utilities. 
 XV. Court decisions. 
 A valuable textbook, with more attention to the engineering work of 
 valuation than is usual. Composed largely of quotations from other 
 writers and from court and commission cases. 
 
 Hayes, H. V. Public utilities: their cost new and depredation* 
 
 New York, 1913. 262 pp. 
 
 Ch. i. Property valuations: general considerations, 
 
 ii. Replacement costs of physical property, 
 
 iii. Determination of replacement cost, 
 
 iv. Value as going concern. 
 
 V. Values of good will and franchises. 
 
 vi. Original cost, 
 
 vii. Commercial value, 
 
 viii. The worth of service to the consumer, 
 
 ix. Reserves for depreciation. 
 
 X. Life of plant, 
 
 xi. Depreciation, 
 
 xii. Fair present value: rates, 
 
 ziii. Fair present value: condemnation or sale, 
 
 ziv. General consideration relative to the regulation of public utility 
 undertakings. 
 A good, elementary work on all phases of the subject. 
 
 Public utilities: their fair present value and return. New 
 
 York, 191 5. 207 pp. 
 
 Ch. i. The present controversy. 
 
 ii Ascertainment of fair present value, 
 
 iii. Fair rate of return, 
 
 iv. Replacement cost. 
 
\\\ 
 
 198 
 
 BIBUOGRAPEY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 199 
 
 f> 
 
 Ch. V. Actual original cost. 
 
 vi. Going value. 
 
 vii. Depreciation. 
 Supplementary to his " Public utilities: their cost new and depreciation. 
 A very good, elementary work, considering principles more fully than 
 
 the previous volume. 
 
 Marks, W. D. Practical rate making and appraisement. South 
 
 Hadley, 1914 ? 269 pp. 
 
 Ch. i. General consideration. 
 
 ii. Report upon gas rates and prices for the dty of Spokane, 1913. 
 iii. Report upon the fair and reasonable price of a 6.6 ampere mag- 
 netite arc light per year, Minneapolis, 191 1. 
 iv. Quantity rates for electricity. 
 V. Methods of appraisement, 
 vi. Present value; structural cost of reproduction; original cost; 
 
 structural cost of reduplication, 
 vii. Overhead charges, 
 viii. Depreciation, 
 ix. Comparative appraising, 
 z. Market value; English going value, 
 xi. Franchise value. 
 
 xii. Present value of prospective profits; goodwill; development ex- 
 pense; going value; intangible values; options, 
 xiii. Books and accounts; operating expenses and income, 
 xiv. The law of demand for electricity; reduction of price increases 
 
 profits. 
 XV. Gas sales per capita; verification of law of demand, 
 xvi. The London slicing scale; Marks' dividing scale, 
 xvii. Capitalization, assets and profits of Massachusetts gas com- 
 panies. 
 
 Utilities Magazine. Proceedings of tlie Conference on valuation. 
 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3, 227 pp. 
 
 Criticism of reproduction theory of valuation. J. M. Eshleman. 
 
 Reproduction value vs. fair value. H. F. French. 
 
 Relation of reproduction cost to fair value. Morris Knowles. 
 
 Fallacy of the " reproduction cost " theory in determining the value of 
 
 public utilities. A. B. Du Pont. 
 How to get rid of the reproduction cost theory. G. W. Anderson. 
 Original cost as the chief basis for fair value. £. W. Bemis. 
 Original cost. Halford Erickson. 
 Constitutionality of historical cost method of public utility valuation. 
 
 Alfred Bettman. 
 Theory of franchise values. Alfred Bettman. 
 Principles to be applied in valuing land. H. V. Hayes. 
 Land values under the Minnesota rate case. T. D. O'Brien. 
 
 The measurement of land values. E. W. Doty. 
 
 Principles to be applied in valuation of land used for the purpose of a 
 common carrier. A. E. Helm. 
 
 Discussion of principles to be applied in valuing land. F. W. Stevens. 
 
 The proper treatment of appreciation of land. M. R. Maltbie. 
 
 Depreciation defined. F. P. Steams. 
 
 Court decisions on depreciation. J. H. Goetz. 
 
 Depreciation and its relation to the fair value. Halford Erickson. 
 
 A criticism of theoretical depreciation. J. E. Allison. 
 
 Making depreciation discussion understood. Harry Barker. 
 
 Going value as an element of fair value. Clifford Thome. 
 
 Going value in purchase vs. rate cases. A. M. Fox. 
 
 The problem of unit prices in valuation. M. G. Glaeser. 
 
 Financial aspects of valuation. P. A. Sinsheimer. 
 
 Financial aspects of regulation. R. C. Wood. 
 
 The making and maintenance of priced inventories of public utilities. 
 C. L. Pillsbury. 
 
 Some essentials of appraisal work. F. W. Ballard. 
 
 Codperation in making inventories. R. J. Meigs. 
 
 Valuation by approximation. J. G. Morse. 
 
 Correct valuation of operating and managerial methods. W. N. Polakov. 
 
 Expert (or opinion) testimony in rate valuation cases. J. H. Gray. 
 
 Actual cost. R. H. Whitten. 
 
 Fair value in practice. E. P. Burch. 
 
 Principles as to franchise values. D. F. Wilcox. 
 
 Determining franchise values. H. D. Baldwin. 
 
 Some distinctions between the legal and administrative phases of fran- 
 chise valuation. C. A. McLain. 
 
 The meaning of the constitutional protection in valuation. C. A. 
 Piouty. 
 
 Constitutional protection in valuation. W. D. Kerr. 
 
 Constitutional protection in valuation. N. D. Baker. 
 
 Valuation and the future of public utilities. M. R. Maltbie. 
 
 A very good symposium on many phases of the subject, largely from 
 the public's viewpoint. 
 
 Whitten, R. H. Valuation of public service corporations: legal 
 
 and economic phases of valuation for rate making and public 
 
 purchase. New York, 191 2-1914. 2 vols. 
 
 Ch. i. Purpose of valuation. 
 
 ii. Fair value for rate purposes. 
 
 iii. Market value as a standard for rate purposes, 
 
 iv. Cost of reproduction as a standard of value for rate purposes. 
 
 V. Actual cost as a standard of value for rate purposes, 
 
 vi. Valuation of land, 
 
 vii. Pavement over mains. 
 
 viiL Property donated or acquired without cost. 
 
 ii 
 
m 
 
 200 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Ch. ix. Property constructed out of surplus. 
 X. Unused property, 
 xi. Average price v. present price. 
 Overhead charges. 
 Discount on bonds. 
 Working capital. 
 Piecemeal construction. 
 Adaptation and solidification. 
 Physical depreciation. 
 Cost new v. cost less depreciation. 
 Functional depreciation. 
 Annual depredation allowance. 
 Going concern in purchase cases. 
 Going concern in rate cases. 
 Going concern as the value of a created income. 
 Going value rule of Wisconsin railroad commission. 
 XXV. The theory of going concern value, 
 xxvi. Franchise value in purchase cases. 
 Franchise value in rate cases. 
 Appraisal of franchise value. 
 The theory of franchise value. 
 Rate of return. 
 
 Rules for appraisers in Maine condenmation cases. 
 Bibliography of valuation and depreciation. 
 A very excellent treatise; the standard work on the subject. Each 
 chapter consists of economic and theoretical discussion, together 
 with very full quotations from all important court and commission 
 cases. 
 Volume ii is supplementary to volume i, and contains the decisions 
 from 191 2 to the spring of 1914. The chapter headings in the two 
 volumes are practically identical. 
 
 WooLFOLK, W. G. Appraisal of public utility properties. In- 
 dianapolis ? 191 5 ? 39 pp. 
 
 Method of making the appraisal, with forms; and a brief discussion of 
 valuation in general. 
 
 Wyer, S. S. Regulation, valuation and depreciation of public 
 
 utilities. Coliunbus, 1913. 313 pp. 
 
 An exceUent and comprehensive work, composed very largely of classi- 
 fied quotations from books, articles, and cases. Not very readable, 
 but contains much of interest for both layman and expert. For list 
 of chapters, see p. 8. 
 
 Young, C. G. Logical basis for valuations of interurban street 
 railways. New York, 191 1. 32 pp. 
 Reprint of paper before Central electric railway associatioD. 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 Articles 
 
 201 
 
 xu. 
 xiii. 
 xiv. 
 
 XV. 
 
 xvi. 
 
 xvii. 
 
 xviii. 
 
 xix. 
 
 XX. 
 
 xxi. 
 
 xxii. 
 xxiii. 
 xxiv. 
 
 xxvu. 
 
 xxviii. 
 
 xxix. 
 
 XXX. 
 
 xxxi. 
 xxxii. 
 
 Adams, A. L. Valuation of waterworks. Municipal Journal, 
 xxxii, 942-944 (191 2). 
 Abstract. 
 
 ^— The principles governing the valuation for rate fixing pur- 
 poses of waterworks under private ownership. Journal of 
 the Association of Engineering Societies, xxxvi, 37-56 (1906). 
 A very good general discussion. 
 
 Engineering Record, lii, 153-157 (1905). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Adams, H. C. Valuation of public service industries. Electric 
 Railway Journal, xxxv, 314 (1910). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Valuation of public service utilities. Publications, Ameri- 
 can Economic Association, 3d series, xi, 184-195 (1910). 
 On the reasons why a valuation is necessary. 
 
 Allison, J. E. Ethical and economic elements in public service 
 valuation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxvii, 27-49 
 (1912). 
 
 A very good discussion of all theories of valuation, the writer favoring 
 original cost. 
 
 Almert, Harold. Valuing the property of public utilities. 
 Public Service, xii, 65-66 (191 2). 
 
 Alvord, J. W. Fundamental principles of public utility valu- 
 ation. Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, Ixxix, 
 117-165(1915). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 166-237. An excellent statement of valuation funda- 
 mentals. The writer distinguishes between cost and value, and con- 
 siders various theories of valuation at some length. Includes a list 
 of important legal decisions. 
 
 The necessary elements for waterworks valuation. Engi- 
 neering News, Ixiii, 286-287 (1910). 
 
 Arnold, B. J. Foundation principles in valuation. Electric 
 Railway Journal, xlvi, 713-719, 803-806 (191 5). 
 Abstract. 
 
 ti 
 
202 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 203 
 
 Arnold, B. J. Foundation principles of utility valuation with 
 
 special application to plans for resettlement. Aera, iv, 189- 
 
 214 (1915). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Foundation principles of utility valuation with special 
 
 application to resettlement plans. Proc., American Electric 
 
 Railway Association, 1 91 5: 139-187. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 188-198. An excellent and thorough study of the 
 principles underlying all valuation problems. Includes notes on the 
 franchise resettlements in Chicago, Kansas City and San Francisco, 
 with charts, and a glossary of terms. 
 
 Baldwin, H. DeF. On the valuation of waterworks* special 
 
 franchises. Proc., American Waterworks Association, xxxiii, 
 
 9-43 (1913). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 43-47. The writer discusses valuation methods and 
 
 problems and regards franchise value as based on a return above 
 
 " fair return." 
 
 Barker, Harry. How to appraise water rights. Engineering 
 
 News, Ixxv, 1179-1182 (1916). 
 
 A brief but thorough, semi-technical accoimt. 
 
 BmCKLEY, G. S. Why appraisal is not valuation. Engineering 
 
 Record, Ixxii, 515-517 (1915)- 
 
 Hazard, past profits and probable obsolescence must be taken into ac- 
 count in finding true value. A good analysis. 
 
 Bryan, W. H . The appraisal and depreciation of waterworks and 
 similar properties. Journal of the Association of Engineering 
 
 Societies, xxxix, 336-366 (1907). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 367-381. A very good, concise sunmiary of valuation 
 theories and kinds of depreciation, with discussion. Includes charts 
 and a table of estimated life and depreciation of machinery and plant 
 (pp. 362-365). 
 
 Burdick, C. B. Valuation of waterworks plants. Municipal 
 
 Journal and Engineer, xxiii, 302-304 (1907). 
 
 Elementary. 
 The valuation of waterworks properties. Engineering- 
 Contracting, xxviii, 238-241 (1907). 
 
 Burgess, Philip. Some features of engineering appraisements 
 
 of waterworks properties. Proc, Central States Waterworks 
 
 Association, 1913: 16-23. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 23-31. On valuation problems and methods. 
 
 Burns, C. S. Determination of physical values. Engineering 
 
 Record, lii, 328-329 (1905). 
 
 Emphasizes need of mathematical precision in valuations. Waterworks 
 valuations used for illustration. Technical. 
 
 Butler, Pierce. " Valuation of railway property for purposes 
 of rate regulation." Journal of Political Economy, xxiii, 17- 
 
 zz (1915). 
 
 The writer believes value for rate regulation is the same as for condem- 
 nation, that rates cannot be based on value and that the agency 
 theory is untenable. 
 
 Cooke, M. L. Experts in valuation cases. Utilities Magazine, 
 i, no. 5, 19-20 (1916). 
 
 Includes tables of data from valuation cases, illustrating writer's argu- 
 ments. An attempt to show that the companies' valuations are in- 
 flated. 
 
 CooLEY, M. E. Factors determining a reasonable charge for 
 public utility service. Trans., American Institute of Elec- 
 trical Engineers, xxxii, 2077-2095 (1913). 
 
 Journal of the Western Society of Engineers, xix, i-^ 
 
 17 (1914). 
 
 Public Service, xvi, 45-46, 60-62, 97-98, 129-130 
 
 (1914). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Cory, C. L. Rates for gas service. American Gas Light Journal, 
 xcv, 252-253, 259-263 (191 1). 
 
 Chiefly a popular discussion of valuation problems. 
 
 , Vincent, W. G., Jr., and Norton, W. J. Symposium on 
 
 inventories and appraisals of properties. Trans., American 
 Institute of Electrical Engineers, xxxiv, 2023-2050 (1915). 
 
 Part I, by C. L. Cory (pp. 2023-2030), gives a brief r6simi6of valuation 
 
 theories. 
 Part II, by W. G. Vincent, Jr. (pp. 2031-2040), treats of the method of 
 
 taking the inventory. 
 Part III, by W. J. Norton (pp. 2041-2050), discusses working capital 
 
 Crosby, O. T. Physical valuations. Proc., American Electric 
 Railway Association, 191 1 : 368-382. 
 Discussion: 383-398. Why and when valuations should be made. 
 
204 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 20S 
 
 m 
 
 Druak,J. F. Rates and rate making. Journal of the Association 
 
 of Engineering Societies, 1, 221-233 (1913). 
 
 An elementary discussion of valuation problems and of electric rate 
 making. 
 
 Electrical World. On what basis shall public utilities be valued ? 
 
 Electrical World, Ixvi, 11 25-1 129 (191 5). 
 
 Abstracts of all important papers before Conference on valuation. 
 For the full papers, see Utilities Magazine, " Proceedings of the Con- 
 ference on valuation." 
 
 Erickson, Halford. Making rates for electric plants. Public 
 Service Regulation, i, 579-585 (191 2). 
 
 Elementary. 
 
 Principles of valuation of public utilities. Public Service 
 
 Regulation, i, 294-300, 370-377 (19"). 
 
 A good discussion of various problems and methods. 
 
 Fink, Henry. Valuation of railroad property. Railway Age 
 Gazette, xlv, 587-588, 627-634 (1908). 
 
 Foster, H. A. Purposes of valuation. {In Engineering valu- 
 ation of public utilities and factories. New York, 191 2.) 
 27-32. 
 An account of the various uses to which a valuation can be put. 
 
 Gandolfo, J. H. The valuation of public utility property. 
 Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, Ixxiz, 842-878 
 
 (1915)- 
 
 Discussion: pp. 879-918. An excellent discussion, the writer advocating 
 actual cost as the diief basis of valuation. 
 
 Gillette, H. P. The appraisal of electric properties and the 
 uses to which appraisals may be put. Engineering and Con- 
 tracting, xxxvi, 506-507 (191 1). 
 
 The uses of an appraisal. Electric Railway Journal, 
 
 xxxviii, 948-949 (191 1). 
 
 Brief statement of twelve uses of an appraisal of electrical property, 
 and discussion of the distinctions between the values for different 
 purposes. 
 
 The valuation of waterworks properties. Engineering 
 
 I 
 
 and Contracting, xliii-xlv (1915-1916). 
 
 Inventorying a waterworks plant, xliii, 394-395 (1915). 
 
 Estimating accrued depreciation: inspections and tests vs. life formulas, 
 
 xliii, 486-488. 
 The appraisal of " overhead costs," xliv, 14-18 (1915). 
 Appraisal of reservoir site value, xliv, 80-81. 
 Appraisal of water right values, xliv, 157-158. 
 Appraisal of development cost or going value and franchise value, 
 
 xliv, 258-261. 
 Appraisal of working capital, xliv, 356. 
 Detailed appraisal of a waterworks, xliv, 424-427. 
 Prorating the plant value to different uses, xlv, 9-1 1 (1916). 
 The rate of " fair returns," xlv, 99-100. 
 Some disputed points in waterworks valuation, xlv, 362-363. 
 
 An excellent series of articles on all phases of the subject. 
 
 Graham, D. A. The appraisal of waterworks properties. Engi- 
 neering News, Ixix, 677-678 (1913). 
 Elementary. 
 
 Engineering Record, Ixvii, 532-534 (1913)- 
 
 Public Service, xvi, 57-59 (1914). 
 
 Gruhl, Edwin. Recent tendencies in valuations for rate making 
 
 purposes. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 
 Social Science, liii, 219-237 (1914). 
 
 An excellent review of court and commission attitude, with many quo- 
 tations from the cases. Simunarizes the conclusions. 
 
 Grunsky, C. E. The appraisal of public service properties as 
 
 a basis for the regulation of rates. Trans., American Society 
 
 of Civil Engineers, Ixxv, 770-843 (191 2). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 844-876. A long technical paper, including formulae, 
 tables and charts. The writer attempts to prove that depreciation 
 should not be deducted in valuations, that it should be included in 
 rates, and that there is ordinarily no definite basis for ^* going value " 
 and similar intangibles. 
 
 Guernsey, N. T. Principles of railway valuation. Electric 
 Railway Journal, xlvii, 249-252 (1916). 
 
 Valuation: a common sense view. Aera, iv, 683-697, 
 
 (1916). 
 
 Discussion: (i) From standpoint of a public official. George Weston, 
 698-707. (2) A suggestion for standard definitions. P. J. Kealy, 
 707-710. 
 
 A somewhat elementary general discussion. 
 
i»lii 
 
 til 
 
 !|ii 
 
 .11 
 
 206 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Hayes, H. V. Ascertainment of fair present value. {In Public 
 
 utilities: their present value and return. New York, 1915.) 
 
 19-80. 
 
 A good, non-technical discussion of the differences in valuation for 
 companies new and old, successful and unsuccessful. 
 
 — — Original cost versus replacement cost as a basis for rate 
 regulation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxvii, 616-629 
 
 (1913)- 
 
 A good discussion; the consideration of both methods being recom- 
 mended. 
 
 Property valuations: general considerations. {In Public 
 
 utilities: their cost new and depreciation. New York, 1913.) 
 1-17. 
 
 Hill, N. S., Jr. Valuation of public utilities. Proc., Municipal 
 Engineers of the City of New York, 1914: 36-67. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 68-167. Includes tabular analyses of all valuation 
 elements. 
 
 Holmes, F. L. Physical valuation of railroads and utilities. 
 {In Regulation of railroads and public utilities in Wisconsin. 
 New York, 1915.) 21-42. 
 
 Discusses the work and theories of the Wisconsin commission, but is a 
 good elementary discussion of valuation in general. 
 
 HoxiE, G. L. Some features of rate fixing for electric public 
 service properties. Journal of Electricity, Power and Gas, 
 xxviii, 397-399 (1912). 
 
 Jackson, D . C. Appraisals of electric light and power properties. 
 Proc, National Electric Light Association, 1914: accounting 
 session, 163-183. 
 Discussion: pp. 184-187. 
 
 James, E. W. The ethical principle in physical valuation for 
 rate making. Popular Science Monthly, boxvi, 153-163 
 
 (1915)- 
 
 A general, non-technical discussion of the need for valuation and valua- 
 tion theories and methods. The writer emphasizes the need for 
 greater recognition of the personal element. 
 
 Jonah, F. G. The valuation of railroads. Journal of the Asso- 
 ciation of Engineering Societies, Hi, 1 21-135 (1914). 
 A general discussion of valuation theories, the purpose of various valua- 
 tions, and the work of the valuation engineer. 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 207 
 
 JuRGENSEN, D. F. Wrong basis for rates. Public Service Regu- 
 lation, i, 699-703 (1912). 
 A criticism of reproduction cost new, favoring " fair value." 
 
 Kers, W. D. Public vs, private ownership. Electric Railway 
 
 Journal, xliv, 723-725 (1914). 
 
 Deals chiefly with the effect of valuations on the municipal ownership 
 movement. 
 
 KiERSTED, Wynkoop. Valuation of waterworks property. 
 Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, xxxviii, 115- 
 
 133 (1897)- 
 
 Discussion: pp. 134-214. A very good, early discussion of the princi- 
 ples and theories of valuation, with illustrative examples. 
 
 McFall, R. J. Railway monopoly and rate regulation. Colum- 
 bia University Studies in History, Economics and Public 
 
 Law, Ixix, 1-223 (1916)- 
 
 Ch. ii. Valuation as a criterion of railway ability. 
 
 Considers railroads only, but chapter ii is of some general interest. 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. Valuation and the future of public utilities. 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3, 218-222 (1916). 
 General but suggestive discussion of the far reaching results of utility 
 valuation. 
 
 Mead, D. W. The arbitration or appraisal of the values of 
 
 public utilities. Proc., American Waterworks Association, 
 
 xxii, 132-140 (1902). 
 
 Includes an elementary discussion of valuation theories and methods. 
 
 Metcalf, Leonakd. Waterworks valuation and fair rates. 
 Public Service, v, 185-188 (1908). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Waterworks valuation and fair rates in the light of the 
 
 Maine supreme court decisions in the Waterville and Bruns- 
 wick cases. Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, 
 
 hdv, 1-74 (1909). 
 
 Discussion : pp. 7 5-1 1 1 . Includes comprehensive tables of the elements 
 of value; and formulae. Technical. 
 
 Nash, L. R. Valuation of public service properties. Stone and 
 Webster Public Service Journal, xi, 241-260 (1912). 
 A good, annotated and somewhat elementary article. 
 
 iii.r> 
 
V : 
 
 208 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Nash, L. R. Valuation of public service properties. Public 
 
 Service, xiv, 53-55, 103-105, 143-145 (1913)- 
 Reprint. 
 
 Electrical Engineer, xlv, 489-491 (1913). 
 
 Nethercut, E. S. Valuation of operating properties. Electric 
 Railway Journal, xxxv, 945-947 (1910). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Electric Traction Weekly, vi, 592-595 (1910). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 RiFENBERiCK, R. B. Something along the line of physical and 
 intangible valuation as covered by recent legislation. Elec- 
 tric Railway Journal, xli, 1163-1167 (1913). 
 Abstract. 
 
 RiGGS, H. E. The valuation of public service corporation prop- 
 erty. Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, bndi, 
 
 17173 (191 1). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 174-3CX). Includes discussion of the various state 
 railroad appraisals; a review of the theories ard methods of valua- 
 tion; and gives forms for inventories. Rather technical. 
 
 Ripley, W. Z. The investor's interest in railroad valuations. 
 Journal of Political Economy, xxiii, 34-48 (191 5). 
 A defense of physical valuation as insuring fair treatment of the investor. 
 
 Physical valuation of railroads. Political Science Quarterly, 
 
 xxix, 569-599 (1914). 
 
 An annotated critical and historical study, of some interest for mu- 
 nicipal utilities. 
 
 Physical valuation: reasonable rates. (In Railroads: 
 
 finance and organization. New York, 1915.) 331-370. 
 A good general discussion of the various theories. Treats of railroads 
 only, but is of general interest. 
 
 RoYCE, F. P. Valuation : a fair return and reasonable capitaliza- 
 tion. Stone and Webster Public Service Journal, ix, 7-25 
 (1911). 
 
 Elementary; with the outlines of a method of financing which will 
 cause securities to approximate actual value. 
 
 Sharfman, I. L. The regulation of railway rates. (/» Railway 
 regulation. Chicago, 1915.) 87-1 11. 
 
 A good elementary account. Includes a discussion of the various the- 
 ories of valuation, with citations of cases (pp. loo-iii). 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 209 
 
 SiLCOCK, E. J. The valuation of waterworks undertakings on 
 transfer to municipal authorities. Surveyor, Municipal and 
 County Engineer, xliii, 921-923 (1913)- 
 
 Stevens, F.W. Mooted principles in valuation. Proc., Ameri- 
 can Electric Railway Association, 1914: 23-39. 
 
 On the " distinctions if any between valuation of the properties of 
 public utilities for purposes of rate making, imposition of service re- 
 quirements, municipal acquisition, issue of capital secunties and 
 taxation." Includes many citations. 
 
 Aera, iv, 335-349 (1914)- 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xliv, 913-915 (1914)- 
 
 Abstract. 
 Thomas, J. J. Depreciation and valuation. Journal of Ac- 
 countancy, xxi, 24-33 (1916). ^ 1 . u 
 A short analysis, from the accountant's standpoint, of valuation the- 
 ories and the depreciation problem. 
 
 Wagner, B.M. Rates for water supply. Journal of the New 
 England Waterworks Association, xxix, 1-48 (1915)- 
 Includes a summary of valuation theories. 
 
 Whitridge, F. W. Official valuations of private property. 
 Publications, American Economic Association, 3d series, xi, 
 
 239-252 (1910). 
 
 Opposes valuations as being unnecessary. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xxxv, 110-112 (1910). 
 
 Abstract. 
 Whitten, R. H. Certain principles of valuation in rate cases. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of PoUtical and Social 
 
 Science, liii, 182-197 (1914). 
 
 An excellent elementary discussion of valuation theones and problems. 
 
 Fair value for rate purposes. Harvard Law Review, xxvii, 
 
 419-436 (1914). 
 
 An exceUent non-technical study of the various theories of valuation 
 
 and their modifications. 
 
 Valuation of public utilities. {In McLaughlin, A. C, 
 
 and Hart, A. B. Cyclopedia of American government. 
 New York, 1914) '^y ^^6. 
 
H 
 
 '..(I 
 
 2IO BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Capitalization, capital values, appraisals and 
 purchase price, (/n Municipal franchises. New York, 1911.) 
 ii, 780-802. 
 
 Includes a brief, popular discussion of valuation theories and problems. 
 WiLGUS, W. J. Physical valuations of railroads. Trans., Ameri- 
 can Society of Civil Engineers, Ixxvii, 203-224 (1914). 
 Discussion: pp. 225-345. A good, somewhat elementary discussion of 
 valuation theories and problems. Treats of railroads only, but is of 
 interest for all public utilities. 
 
 Wilson, C. P. Financing pubUc utilities under state control 
 and service rate and rate of return. Proc, Indiana Gas Asso- 
 ciation, 1916: 35-39. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 39-51. On valuaUon and rate of return. Considers 
 8 to 10 per cent fair. 
 
 WooLFOLK, W. G. Appraisal of public utility properties. 
 
 Canadian Engineer, xxviii, 629-632 (1915). 
 Wyer, S. S. Natural gas valuation. PubUc Service Regulation, 
 
 iii, 195 (1914). 
 
 A brief analysis of the elements and factors to be considered. 
 
 Rate regulation of electric power. Cassier's Magazine, 
 
 XXXV, 402-415 (1909). 
 
 A digest of the Columbus railway and light company case. Interesting 
 as a general discussion of valuation and rate regulation. 
 
 Valuation. {In Regulation, valuation and depreciation 
 
 of public utilities. Columbus, 19 13.) 159-175. 
 Composed largely of classified quotations from books, articles and 
 cases. An excellent, semi-technical treatment of the general subject 
 of valuation; includes tables and a chart. 
 
 Young, C. G. Logical basis for valuations of interurban street 
 railways. Electrical Review and Western Electrician, Iviii, 
 180-181, 231-237 (1911). 
 
 Long abstract of paper before Central electric railway association. A 
 good analysis of the elements and methods of valuation. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xxxvii, 115-118 (191 1). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Electric Traction Weekly, vii, 67-71 (191 1). 
 Engineering News, Ixv, 141-143 (191 1). 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 211 
 
 United States — General 
 
 Floy, Henry. Examples of important appraisals. (In Valu- 
 ation of public utility properties. New York, 191 2.) 333- 
 
 386. 
 
 Composed chiefly of tables, with brief comment. 
 
 Ford, F. R. Valuation of intangible street railway property. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science, xxxvii, 119-141 (1911)- 
 
 On the treatment of intangibles in certain traction valuations. 
 
 Gruhl, Edwin. Recent tendencies in valuations for rate mak- 
 ing purposes. Annals of the American Academy of Political 
 
 and Social Science, liii, 219-237 (1914)- 
 
 An excellent review of court and commission attitude, with many quo- 
 tations from the cases. SimMnarizes the conclusions. 
 
 Heilman, R. E. Development by commissions of the principles 
 of public utility valuation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 
 
 xxviii, 269-291 (1914)- 
 
 An excellent annotated study, with a brief discussion of the attitude of 
 the various commissions on certain important valuation problems. 
 
 Riggs, H. E. The valuation of public service corporation prop- 
 erty. Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, bndi, i- 
 
 173 (1911). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 174-300. Includes discussion of the various state 
 railroad appraisals; rather technical. 
 
 Ripley, W. Z. Physical valuation of railroads. Political Science 
 
 Quarterly, xxix, 569-599 (1914)- 
 
 An annotated critical and historical study, of some interest for mu- 
 nicipal utilities. 
 
 Physical valuation; reasonable rates. (In Railroads: 
 
 finance and organization. New York, 1915.) 33i~370- 
 Whitten, R. H. Valuation of public service corporations: legal 
 
 and economic phases of valuation for rate making and public 
 
 purchase. New York, 1912-1914. 2 vols. 
 
 A very excellent treatise; the standard work on the subject. Each 
 chapter consists of economic and theoretical discussion, together 
 
• 
 
 
 I 
 
 212 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 with very full quotations from all important court and commission 
 
 cases. 
 Volume ii is supplementary to volume i, and contains the decisions 
 
 from 191 2 to the spring of 1914. The chapter headings are practically 
 
 identical. 
 Excellent for an exhaustive account of the legal history of valuation. 
 
 For list of chapters, see p. 199. 
 
 California 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 Arnold, B. J. Foundation principles of utility valuation with 
 
 special application to resettlement plans. Proc., American 
 
 Electric Railway Association, 1 9 1 5 : 1 39-187. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 188-198. Notes on San Francisco traction resettle- 
 ment: pp. 176-178; includes a chart. 
 
 Illinois 
 Chicago 
 
 Arnold, B. J. Foundation principles of utility valuation with 
 
 special application to resettlement plans. Proc., American 
 
 Electric Railway Association, 191 5: 139-187. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 188-198. Notes on Chicago traction resettlement: 
 pp. 169-173; includes charts. 
 
 OssosKi, Sidney. The basis of valuation in case of mimidpal 
 purchase of street railways. Electric Railway Journal, xxxvi, 
 999-1000 (1910). 
 Procedure at Cleveland and Chicago used for illustration. 
 
 Iowa 
 Waterloo 
 
 Marston, a. The valuation for city purchase of the property 
 of the Waterloo (la.) waterworks co. Engineering News, 
 bd, 424-425 (1909). 
 A very brief account, with tables of data. 
 
 # 
 
 Michigan 
 
 WiLLMMS, W. H. Railway capital and values. Railroad Age 
 Gazette, xlvi, 761-762, 805-808, 845-846, 903-905 (1909). 
 On the valuation of Michigan railroads. 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 213 
 
 Missouri 
 Kansas City 
 
 Arnold, B. J. Foundation principles of utility valuation with 
 special application to resettlement plans. Proc, American 
 
 Electric Railway Association, 191 5: 139-187. 
 Discussion: pp. 188-198. Notes on Kansas City traction valuation: 
 pp. 167-168. 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 HuRD, E. C. The organization for and methods and results of 
 physical valuation in Nebraska. Engineering and Contract- 
 ing, xxxvi, 694-696 (1911). 
 
 Engineering and Contracting, xxxviii, 136-138 (191 2). 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 Hansel, Charles. The valuation of railroads in New Jersey. 
 
 Engineering Record, Ixiii, 594-599 (1911)- 
 Discusses the valuation for taxation, with brief reference to the ex- 
 perience of other states. Of some interest for municipal utilities. 
 
 New York 
 New York 
 
 Floy, Henry. Appraisals of public utility properties in greater 
 New York. (In Valuation of pubUc utility properties. New 
 
 York, 191 2.) 218-232. 
 
 Composed largely of the tables of valuation results, taken from the re- 
 ports of the appraisals. 
 
 Ford, F. R. The theory of street railway rate regulation as de- 
 veloped in the Coney Island fare case. Proc, American 
 Street and Interurban Railway Association, 1910: 159-168. 
 Discussion: pp. 169-186. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xxxvi, 752-755 (1910). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Omo 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 OssosKi, Sidney. The basis of valuation in case of municipal 
 
 purchase of street railways. Electric Railway Journal, xxxvi, 
 
 999-1000 (1910). 
 
 Procedure at Cleveland and Chicago used for illustration. 
 
il 
 
 ijiiji' 
 
 1 
 
 It! 
 
 214 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Dearborn, R. H. Physical valuation of electrical properties in 
 
 Oregon. Journal of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxviii, 49- 
 
 SO (1912). 
 
 The valuations made by the Oregon commission are believed by the 
 writer to be uniformly low. 
 
 Texas 
 
 Thompson, R. A. Method used by the Railroad conunission of 
 Texas, under the stock and bond law, in valuing railroad 
 properties. Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, 
 Hi, 328-345 (1904). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 346-364. A brief, technical description of the methods 
 used in taking the inventory, with illustrative forms and tables. 
 
 San Antonio 
 
 Potter, Alexander. An important waterworks rate and ap- 
 praisal investigation. American City, viii, 65-73 (1913)- 
 A popular account of an appraisal made by the writer. 
 
 Washington 
 
 Berglund, Abraham. Valuation of railroads in the state of 
 Washington. Journal of Political Economy, xxi, 332-344 
 
 (1913)- 
 
 An historical account, with tables of results. 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 Holmes, F. L. Physical valuation of railroads and utilities. {In 
 
 Regulation of railroads and public utilities in Wisconsin. 
 
 New York, 1915.) 21-42. 
 
 A good, annotated account of the valuation work and theories of the 
 Wisconsin conmiission. 
 
 Pence, W. D. The functions of a technical staff in public utility 
 regulation. Proc., Indiana Sanitary and Water Supply Asso- 
 ciation, 1913: I 14-142. 
 On the work of the Wisconsin staflf. 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 2IS 
 
 Pence, W. D. Functions of a technical staff in the regulation of 
 public utilities. Engineering Record, Ixvii, 260-262 (1913). 
 Abstract. 
 
 The valuation and inspection work of the joint engineering 
 
 staff of the Wisconsin tax and railroad conmaissions. Engi- 
 neering News, bd, 227-229 (1909). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Valuation by Wisconsin state engineers. Public Service 
 
 Regulation, ii, 127-130 (1913). 
 
 An outline of the organization and work of the Wisconsin tax and rail- 
 road commissions. 
 
 The work of the joint engineering staff of the Wisconsin 
 
 tax and railroad commissions. Journal of the Western Society 
 of Engineers, xiv, 73-100 (1909). 
 
 Discussion: pp. loo-iii. A full account of the organization and work 
 of the engineering department. 
 
 Engineering Record, lix, ia-12, 49-52, 73-75 (1909). 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 THEORIES AND METHODS 
 
 AcHATZ, R. V. The determination of unit prices on material for 
 purposes of valuation of plant. Engineering and Contracting, 
 
 xli, 562-563 (1914). 
 
 Includes tables and charts; technical. A good discussion of various 
 methods. 
 
 Allison, J. E. Ethical and economic elements in public service 
 valuation. Quarterly Joiunal of Economics, xxvii, 27-49 
 (1912). 
 
 A very good discussion of all theories of valuation, the writer favoring 
 original cost. 
 
 Alvord, J. W. Fundamental principles of public utility valu- 
 ation. Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, Ixxix, 
 
 117-165 (1915)- 
 
 Discussion: pp. 166-237. An excellent statement of valuation funda- 
 mentals. The writer distinguishes between cost and value, and con- 
 siders various theories of valuation at some length. Includes a list 
 of important legal decisions. 
 
2l6 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 217 
 
 i 
 
 Anderson, G. W. How to get rid of the reproduction cost 
 theory. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3, 28-36 (191 6). 
 An argument for the use of the actual cost theory, with citations. The 
 
 writer believes that legislative rather than judicial control of rates is 
 
 desirable. 
 
 Bauer, John. Bases of valuation in the control of return on 
 
 public utility investments. American Economic Review, vi, 
 
 568-588 (1916). 
 
 On the need for a definite standard of valuation and the requirements 
 of such a standard. Good, but somewhat academic. 
 
 Valuation of public service properties: actual cost vs. cost 
 
 of reproduction. Political Science Quarterly, xxx, 254-276 
 
 (1915)- 
 
 A somewhat academic general discussion, favoring original cost and the 
 agency theory. 
 
 Beale, J. H., and Wyman, Bruce. Basis of capital charges. 
 
 {In Railroad rate regulation. 2d edition. New York, 191 5.) 
 
 209-249. 
 
 A good legal discussion of the various theories of valuation; thoroughly 
 annotated. 
 
 Bemis, E. W. Original cost as the chief basis for fair value. 
 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3, 36-42 (1916). 
 
 A popular argument, with quotations from reports and decisions. 
 
 Bettman, Alfred. Constitutionality of historical cost method 
 
 of public utility valuation. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3, 46- 
 
 51 (1916). 
 
 A good analysis, with many citations of decisions. 
 
 Clark, J. M. Some neglected phases of rate regulation. Ameri- 
 can Economic Review, iv, 565-574 (1914). 
 A somewhat academic, economic discussion of (i) fluctuating prices and 
 
 the earnings of capital, (2) surplus accumulated out of earnings, and 
 
 (3) betterments and public necessity. 
 
 Cory, C. L., Vincent, W. G., Jr., and Norton, W. J. Sym- 
 posiimi on inventories and appraisals of properties. Trans., 
 American Institute of Electrical Engineers, xxxiv, 2023-2050 
 
 (1915)- 
 
 Part I, by C. L. Cory (pp. 2023-2030), gives a brief r6sum6 of valuation 
 theories. 
 
 Dix, J. F. "Partnerships" vs. "principal and agent" in public 
 utility rate making. Journal of Electricity, Power and Gas, 
 xxxi, 607-609 (1913). 
 
 Dreyfus, E. D. Reckoning with costs of superseded equipment. 
 
 Electrical World, Ixviii, 272-274 (191 6). 
 
 Gives reasons for allowing expenditures for abandoned equipment to 
 
 remain in the capitalization. Includes charts and statements of the 
 
 attitude of various commissions. 
 
 DuPONT, A. B. Fallacy of the " reproduction cost " theory in 
 determining the value of property of public utilities. Util- 
 ities Magazine, i, no. 3, 25-27 (1916). 
 Popular, with hypothetical illustrations. 
 
 Erickson, Halford. Original cost. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 
 
 3, 43-46 (1916). 
 
 An excellent statement of what original cost means, differing somewhat 
 from the usual view. 
 
 EsHLEMAN, J. M. A criticism of the reproduction theory of 
 valuation. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3, 5-12 (191 6). 
 A very good discussion. 
 
 Floy, Henry. Value for rate making. New York, 1916. 322 pp. 
 
 Ch. iv. Fair value for rate making. 
 
 V. Cost of reproduction. 
 A very good discussion of valuation theories, with quotations from de- 
 cisions. Opposes investment cost theory. 
 
 Foster, H. A. Value. {In Engineering valuation of public 
 utilities and factories. New York, 191 2.) 6-26. 
 A good general summary of valuation theories, with quotations from 
 articles and cases. 
 
 French, H. F. Reproduction value vs. fair value. Utilities 
 
 Magazine, i, no. 3, 12-17 (1916). 
 
 A somewhat popular argument against the use of reproduction cost as 
 the sole criterion of value. The writer believes that judgment, with 
 all valuation theories as guides, is the only just method. 
 
 Gandolfo, J. H. The valuation of public utility property. 
 Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, Ixxix, 842-878 
 
 (1915)- 
 
 Discussion : pp. 879-918. An excellent discussion, the writer advocating 
 actual cost as the chief basis of valuation. 
 
wm^\ 
 
 218 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Gillette, H. P. Two conflicting theories of valuation of public 
 service companies. Engineering and Contracting, xxxviii, 
 648-650 (1912). 
 The writer contends that valuation must be based on market value 
 
 (competitive theory) or the amount of the investment (agency theory) ; 
 
 not on a combination of the two. 
 
 Two conflicting theories of valuation. Railway Age 
 
 Gazette, liv, 55-56 (1913). 
 The same. 
 
 Graham, D. A. The appraisal of waterworks properties, with 
 special reference to the reproduction method. Engineering 
 and Contractmg, xxxix, 420-421 (1913). 
 
 Elementary. 
 Gray, J. H. Expert (or opinion) testimony in rate valuation 
 cases: a study in the administration of justice. Utilities 
 Magazine, i, no. 3, 192-204 (1916), 
 
 The regulation of public service corporations: the vagaries 
 
 of valuation. American Economic Review, supplement, iv, 
 18-68 (1914). 
 
 The writer advocates the agency theory and opposes reproduction cost 
 as being unreal and based on estimate. 
 
 Gruhl, Edwin. Recent tendencies m valuations for rate making 
 purposes. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, liii, 219-237 (1914). 
 
 An excellent review of court and commission attitude, with many quo- 
 tations from the cases. Summarizes the conclusions. Favors repro- 
 duction cost less physical depreciation. 
 
 Hayes, H.V. Public utilities: their cost new and depreciation. 
 New York, 1913. 262 pp. 
 
 Ch. ii. Replacement costs of physical property. 
 
 vi. Original cost. 
 
 vii. Commercial value. 
 
 xii. Fair present value: rates. 
 General discussions of the various valuation theories. 
 
 Public utilities: their fair present value and return. New 
 
 York, 1915. 207 pp. 
 
 Ch. ii. Ascertainment of fair present value. 
 
 iv. Replacement cost. 
 
 V. Actual original cost. 
 A somewhat elementary discussion of the various valuation theories. 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 219 
 
 JuRGENSEN, D. F. Misapplication of interest, contingencies, and 
 engineering items for valuing railroads by cost of replacement 
 method. Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies, 
 Ii, 95-101 (1913). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 237-239. A reply to criticism of his " Railroad valua- 
 tion: reproduction cost new as a safe basis for rates." 
 Considers chiefly the Northern Pacific valuation. 
 
 Railroad valuation: reproduction cost new as a sole basis 
 
 for rates. Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies, 
 
 xlix, 204-214 (191 2). 
 
 Discussion: 1, 66-67 (1913)- Refers to railroads only, but is of interest 
 for other utilities because of expressing the views of the Minnesota 
 railroad and warehouse commission. 
 
 Wrong basis for rates. Public Service Regulation, i, 699- 
 
 703 (1912). 
 
 A criticism of reproduction cost new, favoring "fair value." 
 
 Knowles, Morris. Relation of reproduction cost to fair value. 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3, 17-21 (1916). 
 The writer favors actual cost, but considers reproduction cost an ex- 
 ceUent guide. 
 
 Lewis, H. T. Interest and profits in rate regulation: the prac- 
 tice of the Wisconsin railroad commission. Political Science 
 Quarterly, xxvii, 239-259 (191 2). 
 
 A good analysis, with many quotations from cases before the com- 
 mission. 
 
 Mack, E. S. Standards for rate regulation by commission. ?, 
 1908 ? 24 pp. 
 
 A general discussion of legal aspects of valuation and rate regulation, 
 the writer favoring the actual cost theory; annotated. 
 
 Metcalf, Leonard. Lessening cost of valuation of public util- 
 ities. Engineering News, Ixxv, 215 (1916). 
 Abstract. Interesting suggestions for reducing cost of valuations. 
 
 Vincent, W. G., Jr. Present value of public utility properties. 
 Journal of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxxiii, 403-407 (1914). 
 An elementary account of how present value is determined; includes 
 illustrative examples and one chart. 
 
 m 
 
 111 'A\ 
 
 J'' 
 

 IMii'l'^ 
 
 220 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Whitten,R.H. Actual cost. UtiUties Magazine, i, no. 3 ci- 
 
 53 (1916). 
 
 A very good theoretical argument for the use of actual cost. 
 
 I^jstinction between value for tax and rate purposes. Proc., 
 National Tax Association, 1913: 342-350. 
 
 Valuation of pubUc service corporaUons: legal and eco- 
 nomic phases of valuation for rate making and pubUc pur- 
 chase. New York, 191 2-1914. 2 vols. 
 ^^*.!!' ^^^'' ^*l"c ^or rate purposes. 
 
 iii. Market value as a standard for rate purposes. 
 
 iv. Cost of reproduction as a standard of value for rate purposes 
 
 V. Actual cost as a standard of value for rate purposes, 
 xviu. Cost new v. cost less depreciation. 
 
 An excellent economic discussion of valuation theories, with very full 
 quotations from court and commission cases. 
 
 WiLGus,W.J. Physical valuations of railroads. Trans., Ameri- 
 can Society of Civil Engineers, bcxvii, 203-224 (1914). 
 Discussion: pp. 225-345. A good, somewhat elementary discussion of 
 
 valuation theones and problems. Treats of railroads only, but is of 
 
 interest for aU public utiUties. 
 
 Williams, W. H. Valuation of pubhc service corporations. 
 Publications, American Economic Association, 3d series xi 
 196-238 (1910). ' ' 
 
 Cost of reproduction theory is considered somewhat theoreticaUy on 
 pp. 190-216, with numerous quotations from the cases. 
 
 INVENTORIES 
 
 Badger, H. R. Work of valuation of electric railway property 
 Electric Traction Weekly, vi, 197-199 (1910). 
 A good, brief analysis of the necessary organization and work. 
 
 Ballard, F. W. Some essentials of appraisal work. Utilities 
 Magazine, i, no. 3, 179-181 (1916). 
 
 Bu:nr, W. E. Bringing an old waterworks valuation up to date 
 Engineering News, ba, 408-409 (1913). 
 Explanation of the use of index numbers to correct for changes in unit 
 
 Carver, H. E. Continuous inventories: their value and prepa- 
 ration. Electric Railway Journal, xlviii, 1053-1054 (1916). 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 221 
 
 Cory, C. L., Vincent, W. G., Jr., and Norton, W. J. Sym- 
 posium on inventories and appraisals of properties. Trans., 
 American Institute of Electrical Engineers, xxxiv, 2023-2050 
 
 (1915)- 
 
 Part II, by W. G. Vincent, Jr. (pp. 2031-2040), treats of the method of 
 
 taking the inventory. 
 Dickerman, J. C. The determination of unit prices in appraisals 
 for rate making. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 6, 23-25 (1916). 
 A good discussion, with some reference to the practice of various com- 
 missions. 
 Dreyfus, E. D. Appraisement of small electric properties. 
 Electrical Review and Western Electrician, kvi, 433-438, 
 
 500-505 (1915)- 
 
 An excellent discussion of the method of taking the inventory; with 
 suggested forms, symbols and depreciation charts. 
 
 Floy, Henry. Cost of reproduction, (/n Value for rate making. 
 
 New York, 1916.) 100-131. 
 
 Includes a suggestive summary of the elements of reproduction cost 
 (pp. 1 1 2-1 13) and instructions for making the inventory. 
 
 Development expenses, intangible expenses, non-physical 
 
 costs, overhead expenses. {In Valuation of public utility 
 
 properties. New York, 191 2.) 90-128. 
 
 Gives tables showing the classification used in the inventory in the 
 Coney Island cases. 
 
 Valuation of public utility properties. New York, 191 2. 
 
 390 pp. 
 
 Ch. iv. Making an appraisal. 
 
 v. Structural costs. 
 An excellent outline of the work and methods to be used m making an 
 appraisal. Includes charts of unit price fluctuations. 
 
 Ford, F. R. Valuation of intangible street railway property. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science, xxxvii, 119-141 (1911)- 
 Outlines the inventory needed. 
 
 Foster, H. A. Engineering valuation of public utilities and 
 
 factories. New York, 191 2. 345 PP- 
 
 Ch. iii. Directions for the valuation of tangible property. 
 
 iv. Instructions for valuation. 
 
 V. Forms for use in making a valuation. 
 
w 
 
 i 1 
 
 222 BIBUOGRAPEY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 These chapters form an excellent guide for the valuation engineer. 
 
 Chapter iv consists of quotations from the instructions issued by Judge 
 Savage in a Maine case. Chapter v includes a very large number of 
 fonns used by the Wisconsin tax and raibx)ad commissions, with dis- 
 cussion. 
 
 Gillette, H. P. The valuation of waterworks properties. 
 I. Inventorying a waterworks plant. Engineering and Con- 
 tracting, xliii, 394-395 (iQis). 
 A good outline of the inventory and the work of making the appraisal. 
 
 Glaeser, M. G. The problem of unit prices in valuation. Util- 
 ities Magazine, i, no. 3, 161-165 (1916). 
 A good elementary analysis. 
 
 Hayes, H. V. Public utilities: their cost new and depreciation. 
 New York, 1913. 262 pp. 
 Ch. ii. Replacement costs of physical property. 
 
 iii. Determination of replacement cost. 
 Includes some discussion of unit prices and inventory methods. 
 
 Henriques, J. C. Power plant inventory. Electric RaOway 
 Journal, xlvii, 616-618 (1916). 
 Includes suggested forms. 
 
 KuHN, G. W. How to appraise public utility property. Electric 
 Railway Journal, xlviii, 97-100, 315-319 (1916). 
 Includes suggested forms. A good and fairly detaUed account. 
 
 Meigs, R. J. Cooperation in making inventories. Utilities 
 Magazine, i, no. 3, 181-182 (1916). 
 
 Morse, J. G. Valuation by approximation. UtiKties Magazine, 
 
 i, no. 3, 183-187 (191^). 
 
 A very interesting and suggestive article advocating the use of methods 
 smiilar to those of the fire insurance underwriters as being sufficiently 
 accurate in connection with the inevitable assumptions. 
 
 Pence, W. D. The functions of a technical staff in pubUc utiHty 
 regulation. Proc, Indiana Sanitary and Water Supply As- 
 sociation, 1913: I 14-142. 
 
 Describes the work of the Wisconsin commission's technical staff and in- 
 cludes an outline of the inventory used and of the form of organization. 
 
 Functions of a technical staff in the regulation of public 
 
 utilities. Engineering Record, hvii, 260-262 (loi^) 
 Abstract. 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 223 
 
 Pence, W. D. The valuation and inspection work of the joint 
 engineering staff of the Wisconsin tax and railroad commis- 
 sions. Engmeering News, bd, 227-229 (1909). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Valuation by Wisconsin state engineers. Public Service 
 
 Regulation, ii, 127-130 (1913). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Wisconsin service inspection and improvement. Public 
 
 Service Regulation, ii, 167-171 (1913). 
 Abstract. 
 
 The work of the joint engineering staff of the Wisconsin 
 
 tax and railroad commissions. Journal of the Western So- 
 ciety of Engineers, xiv, 73-100 (1909). 
 
 Discussion: pp. loo-iii. A full account of the organization and work 
 of the engineering department. 
 
 Engineering Record, lix, 10-12, 49-52, 73-75 (iQOp)- 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 PiLLSBURY, C. L. The making and maintenance of priced in- 
 ventories of public utilities. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3 , 1 7 1- 
 178 (1916). 
 
 ExceUent; non-technical. 
 
 Priest, G. H. Some notes on the valuation of mains and services. 
 American Gas Light Journal, c, 266-267 (1914)- 
 Discussion: pp. 267-268. Directions for making the appraisal. 
 
 RiGGS, H. E. The valuation of public service corporation prop- 
 erty. Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, Ixxii, i- 
 
 173 (1911). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 174-300. Gives forms for inventories; rather technical. 
 
 ScHREiBER, Martin. The accuracy of appraisals. Aera, i, 247- 
 251 (1912). 
 
 Thompson, R. A. Method used by the Railroad commission of 
 Texas, under the stock and bond law, in valuing railroad 
 properties. Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, 
 
 111, 328-345 (1904). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 346-364. Technical; with illustrative forms and 
 tables. 
 
 
il 
 
 224 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Van Auken, C. L. Making a physical valuation of large termi- 
 nals. Railway Age Gazette, lix, 127-129 (1915). 
 
 Field and office suggestions, with illustrative fonns. Treats of railroads 
 only, but is of interest in connection with traction valuations. 
 
 Wells, W. I. Elements affecting the fair valuation of plant and 
 property. Proc, National Electric Light Association, 191 1: 
 i, 271-283. 
 Discussion: pp. 283-289. A good analysis of valuation elements. 
 
 Whitten, R. H. Average price v. present price. (In Valuation 
 of public service corporations. New York, 1912-1914.) i 
 and ii, ch. xi. 
 
 An excellent economic discussion of unit prices in valuation, with very 
 full quotations from court and commission cases. 
 
 Rules for appraisers in Maine condemnation cases. (In 
 
 Valuation of public service corporations. New York, 191 2- 
 1914.) i, ch. xxxi. 
 
 Quotations from the directions of Judge Savage. 
 
 WooLFOLK, W. G. Appraisal of public utility properties. In- 
 dianapolis ? 191 5 ? 39 pp. 
 Method of making the appraisal, with forms. 
 
 INTANGIBLES 
 
 Abendroth, H. G. Overhead charges in valuation. Aera, iii, 
 354-364 (1914). 
 
 An analysis of the elements; includes a table of percentages used in 
 various appraisals. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xliii, 1434-1436 (1914). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Alvord, J. W. The financial questions in waterworks valuations. 
 Proc, American Waterworks Association, xxii, 142-152 
 (1902). 
 
 A brief discussion of intangible values, franchise value and rate of return. 
 
 Engineering Record, xliv, 30-32 (1902). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 225 
 
 Alvord, J. W. Notes on going value and methods for its com- 
 putation. Proc., American Waterworks Association, xxix, 
 184-208 (1909). 
 Discussion: pp. 208-279. An excellent analysis, with many tables and 
 
 charts. 
 For discussion of this article, see W. H. Bryan's " Going value as an 
 
 element in the appraisal of public utility properties." 
 
 Bauer, John. Going value in connection with a physical ap- 
 praisal in a rate case: the New York rule. Political Science 
 
 Quarterly, xxx, 4^3-475 (iQiS)- 
 
 Gomg value : what it is, how it is to be calculated, and when it should 
 be allowed under the rule in the King's County lighting case. 
 
 Bryan, W. H. Going value as an element in the appraisal of 
 public utility properties. Journal of the Association of En- 
 gineering Societies, xliii, 147-158 (1909). 
 Discussion: pp. 286-288. A very interesting discussion of intangible 
 
 values as considered by the Wisconsin commission, and by J. W. 
 
 Alvord in his " Notes on going value and methods for its computa- 
 
 tion. 
 
 )) 
 
 Journal of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxiv, 31-35 
 
 (1910). 
 
 Reprint. 
 BxjRNS, C. S. The valuation of public utilities. Public Service, 
 
 xi, 117-118 (1911). 
 
 Brief discussion of going value. 
 
 CooLEY, M. E. Overhead charges. Proc, American Electric 
 Railway Accountants' Association ,1911: 1 69- 1 83 . 
 Discussion: pp. 183-197; 191 2: 37-44- A good, rather elementary 
 discussion. 
 
 Cory, C. L., Vincent, W. G., Jr., and Norton, W. J. Sym- 
 posium on inventories and appraisals of properties. Trans., 
 American Institute of Electrical Engineers, xxxiv, 2023-2050 
 
 (1915)- 
 
 Part III, by W. J. Norton (pp. 2041-2050), discusses working capital. 
 
 Erickson, Halford. Principles of valuation of public utilities. 
 Public Service Regulation, i, 294-300, 370-377 (1912). 
 Intangibles: pp. 370-37 7- 
 
226 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Floy, Henry. Cost of reproduction. (In Value for rate making. 
 New York, 1916.) 100-131. 
 
 Includes some discussion of certain intangible elements with suggested 
 percentages. 
 
 Development expenses, intangible expenses, non-physical 
 costs, overhead expenses. {In Valuation of public utility 
 properties. New York, 191 2.) 91-128. 
 A thorough, annotated study, with tables showing the inventory used 
 
 m the Coney Island cases. 
 
 Franchises, good will, going value, contracts. {In Valu- 
 ation of pubKc utiUty properties. New York, 1912.) 129-167. 
 A thorough study, with charts and tables, and many quotations from 
 
 articles and court and commission decisions. 
 
 Franchises, working capital and bond discounts. {In 
 
 Value for rate making. New York, 191 6.) 157-176. 
 Includes quotations from decisions. 
 
 Value for rate making. New York, 1916. 322 pp. 
 
 Ch. vii. Franchises, working capital and bond discounts. 
 
 viii. Going value. 
 An exceUent discussion, with quotations from court and commission 
 decisions. Includes a table of working capital aUowances by different 
 courts and commissions (p. 171), and other tables and charts. 
 
 Ford, F. R. Valuation of intangible street railway property. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xxxvii, 119-141 (1911). 
 Includes elaborate analyses of the intangible elements; outlines the 
 
 inventory needed; and briefly reviews the treatment of intangibles 
 
 m certain traction valuations. 
 
 Foster, H. A. Value of good will, going concern or going value. 
 {In Engineering valuation of public utilities and factories. 
 New York, 191 2.) 133-146. 
 
 An analysis of intangible values, with quotations from articles and 
 cases. 
 
 FowLE, F. F. Going value. Journal of the Western Society of 
 Engineers, xvii, 147-170 (1912). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 177-190. A very good review and discussion of various 
 methods of determining going value. 
 
 Going value of public utilities. Electric Railway Journal, 
 
 xxxviii, 1115-1117 (1911). 
 Abstract. 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 227 
 
 FowLE, F. F. What is going value ? Public Service Regulation, 
 i, 627-636 (1912). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Fox, A. M. Going value in purchase vs. rate cases. Utilities 
 Magazine, i, no. 3, 152-154 (1916). 
 
 Garrison, N. J. Intangible assets of public utilities. Public 
 Service, xii, 105-107 (191 2). 
 
 Gillette, H. P. The appraisal of " overhead costs." Electri- 
 cal World, kvi, 41-43 (1915)- 
 
 The appraisal of water power rights. Engineering and 
 
 Contracting, xxxviii, 624-628 (1912). 
 A discussion of the various theories. 
 
 Development cost or " going value " of public service 
 
 companies. Engineering and Contracting, xxxvii, 708-712 
 
 (1912). 
 
 Abstract of a report by Mr. Gillette, interesting because of a discussion 
 
 of intangible values. 
 (An abstract of another portion of the report is published in xxxvii, 
 
 429-432.) 
 
 Non-physical or going concern values. Annals of the 
 
 American Academy of Political and Social Science, liii, 214- 
 
 218 (1914)- 
 
 Brief, elementary outline of the elements of intangible value. 
 
 Valuations of public service properties. Public Service, x, 
 
 114-116 (1911). 
 
 Emphasizes the importance of development expense in determining the 
 fair rate of return. 
 
 • The valuation of waterworks properties. III. The ap- 
 praisal of " overhead costs." Engineering and Contracting, 
 
 xliv, 14-18 (1915)- 
 
 A good, thorough discussion. 
 
 , V. Appraisal of water right values. Engineering 
 
 and Contracting, xliv, 157-158 (1915)- 
 A good general discussion. 
 
228 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Gillette, H. P. The valuation of waterworks properties. VI. 
 Appraisal of development cost or going value and franchise 
 value. Engineering and Contracting, xliv, 258-261 (191 5) 
 A long analysis, with Ulustrative tables of value by different methods. 
 
 • VII. Appraisal of working capital. Engineering 
 and Contracting, xliv, 356 (1915). 
 
 Hagenah, W. J. Intangible values of electric railways and their 
 
 determination. Public Service, xiii, 213-214, 223-225 (1012) 
 Abstract. o \ ^ /• 
 
 Intangible values of electric railways and their determi- 
 nation from accounts. Proc., American Electric Railway 
 Accountants' Association, 191 2: 60-74. 
 
 A rather general discussion, the writer maintaining that the determi- 
 nation of mtangible values is mainly an accounting problem. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xl, 698-701 (1912). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Harvard Law Review — Notes. The problem of going value. 
 Harvard Law Review, xxvii, 744-745 (1914). 
 An exceUent summary of court decisions, with many citations. 
 
 Hayes, H. V. Going value. {In Public utiUties: their fair 
 present value and return. New York, 1915.) 131-158. 
 A good non-technical discussion. 
 
 Public utilities: their cost new and depreciation. New 
 
 York, 1913. 262 pp. 
 
 Ch. iii. Determination of replacement cost. 
 
 iv. Value as going concern. 
 
 V. Value of good will and franchises. 
 A discussion of intangibles, with some quotations from decisions. 
 
 Heilman, R. E. Some economic aspects of waterworks valu- 
 ation. Journal of the American Waterworks Association, ii 
 538-543 (1915)- 
 
 A brief discussion of the attitude of various commissions towards uoinir 
 value. * * 
 
 Kealy,P.J. Overhead charges in valuation work. Proc., Ameri- 
 can Electric Railway Association, 1916: 172-190. 
 A very thorough study, giving a good analysis of the various elements. 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 229 
 
 Kealy, p. J. Overhead charges in valuation work. Electric 
 
 Railway Journal, xlviii, 762-767 (1916). 
 
 Abstract. 
 Part played by overhead charges in determining valuations. 
 
 Public Service, xxi, 139-140 (1916). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Knowles, Morris. Determination of going value. Public Ser- 
 vice, xiii, 175-177 (1912). 
 A brief description of the various methods; with one chart. 
 
 Lawton, W. H. Depreciation, intangible values and rates. 
 
 Journal of Accountancy, xvii, 325-354 (1914)- 
 
 An excellent article including an analysis of the intangible elements. 
 
 Marks, W. D. Practical rate making and appraisement. South 
 Hadley, 1914 ? 269 pp. 
 
 Overhead charges: pp. 159-162. 
 
 Present value of prospective profits; " good will " ; " development 
 
 expense " ; " going value "; " intangible values " ; options. 
 A very brief general discussion of intangibles. 
 
 Metcalf, Leonard, and Alvord, J. W. The going value of 
 waterworks. Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, 
 
 bndii, 326-355 (1911). .... 
 
 Discussion: pp. 356-391. Thorough treatment of the subject. In- 
 eludes tables and charts. 
 
 Nash, L. R. Recent developments in public service regulation. 
 Stone and Webster Public Service Journal, xv, 132-134 (1914)- 
 Very brief account of current decisions as to intangibles. 
 
 Paine, F. B. H. Preliminary and indirect costs: sometimes 
 called overheads. Stone and Webster Journal, xix, 186-207 
 
 (1916). 
 
 An oudine and discussion; elementary and rather popular. 
 
 RosECRANTZ, C. M. Other elements of value. Proc, Ameri- 
 can Electric Railway Association, 1913: 136-152. 
 A good analysis and historical account of intangibles in valuations for 
 different purposes, with many quotations from court decisions. 
 
 RoYCE, F. P. The going concern value in public service cor- 
 porations. Stone and Webster Public Service Journal, xiv, 
 89-96 (1914)- 
 
230 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 RoYCE, F. P. The going concern value in public service cor- 
 porations. Aera, ii, 475-490 (1913). 
 Reprint. 
 
 Shaad, G. C. Intangible values and their relation to the valu- 
 ation of public utilities. Electrical Review and Western 
 Electrician, bdv, 26-28 (1914). 
 An elementary anal3rsis. 
 
 Storer, S. B. The relation of load factor to the valuation of 
 hydroelectric plants. Trans., American Institute of Electri- 
 cal Engineers, xxv, 139-143 (1906). 
 
 Semi-technical, with charts. The writer states that the value of a hydro- 
 electric plant is due primarily to its earnings. 
 
 Thorne, Clutord. Going value as an element of fair value. 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3, 138-152 (1916). 
 An excellent analysis, including a review of commission decisions. 
 
 Tingley, R. H. Overhead charges in valuation. Railway Age 
 
 Gazette, Iviii, 1247-1248 (1915). 
 
 A very brief discussion of the meaning of overhead and of commission 
 attitude. 
 
 Written, R.H. Valuation of public service corporations: legal 
 and economic phases of valuation for rate making and public 
 purchase. New York, 1912-1914. 2 vols. 
 Ch. viii. Property donated or acquired without cost, 
 ix. Property constructed out of surplus. 
 X. Unused property, 
 xii. Overhead charges, 
 xiii. Discoimt on bonds, 
 xiv. Working capital. 
 XV. Piecemeal construction, 
 xvi. Adaptation and solidification, 
 xxi. Going concern in purchase cases, 
 xxii. Going concern in rate cases, 
 xxiii. Going concern as the value of a created income, 
 xxiv. Going value rule of Wisconsin raihx)ad commission. 
 xxv. The theory of going concern value. 
 Very excellent chapters on the different elements of intangible values. 
 Economic and theoretical discussion, together with very full quota- 
 tions from all important court and conmiission cases. 
 
 Wyer, S. S. Going value and going concern value. {In Regu- 
 lation, valuation and depreciation of public utilities. Colum- 
 bus, 1913.) 176-183. 
 
 Composed largely of classified quotations from books, articles, and cases. 
 A good, semi-technical analysis; includes charts. 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 231 
 
 FRANCHISE VALUE 
 Alvord, J. W. The financial questions in waterworks valuations. 
 Proc., American Waterworks Association, xxii, 142-152 
 
 (1902). 
 
 A brief discussion of intangible values, franchise value and rate of return. 
 
 Engineering Record, xliv, 30-32 (1902). 
 
 Abstract. 
 Baldwin, H. DeF. Determining franchise values. Utilities 
 
 Magazine, i, no. 3, 67-71 (1916). 
 On the valuation of waterworks' special franchises. Proc., 
 
 American Waterworks Association, xxxiii, 9-43 (1913)- 
 
 Discussion: pp. 43-47. The writer regards franchise value as based on 
 a return above " fair return." 
 
 Bettman, Alfred. Theory of franchise values. Utilities Maga- 
 zine, i, no. 3, 74-76 (1916). 
 An interesting discussion. 
 
 Floy, Henry. The engineer's activity in public affairs: public 
 utility commissions and franchise valuation. Trans., Ameri- 
 can Institute of Electrical Engineers, xxvii, 335-353 (iQoS)- 
 Discussion: pp. 3S4"372. 
 
 Franchises, good will, going value, contracts. {In Valua- 
 tion of public utility properties. New York, 191 2.) 129-167. 
 A thorough study, with charts and tables, and many quotations from 
 articles and court and commission decisions. 
 
 Franchises, working capital and bond discounts. {In 
 
 Value for rate making. New York, 1916.) 157-176. 
 
 Franchise value: pp. 157-165. 
 Includes quotations from decisions. 
 
 Foster, H. A. Franchise. {In Engineering valuation of public 
 utilities and factories. New York, 191 2.) 236-251. 
 A good discussion of franchises and their terms, franchise valuation and 
 taxation, with many quotations from court and commission decisions. 
 
 Harvard Law Review — Notes. Valuation of public service 
 franchises. Harvard Law Review, xxviii, 501-505 (1915)- 
 An excellent summary of court decisions, with many citations. 
 
d 
 
 I 
 
 232 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Hayes, H. V. Values of good will and franchises. (In Public 
 utilities: their cost new and depreciation. New York, 1913.) 
 94-101. 
 Includes a very brief discussion of franchise value. 
 
 Hodge, W. H. Concerning franchise values. Public Service, v, 
 111-112 (1908). 
 
 McLain, C. a. Some distinctions between the legal and ad- 
 ministrative phases of franchise valuation. Utilities Maga- 
 zine, i, no. 3, 72-74 (1916). 
 A good analysis. 
 
 Marks, W. D. Franchise value. (In Practical rate making and 
 appraisement. South Hadley, 1914 ?) 184-186. 
 
 Wherry, W. M., Jr. Franchise values. Proc, American Elec- 
 tric Railway Association, 1913: 124-135. 
 
 A good historical treatment of the difference between cost and value of 
 franchise; with quotations from court decisions. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xlii, 781-782 (1913). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Franchise values considered. Aera, ii, 463-474 (1913). 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 Whitten, R. H. Valuation of public service corporations: legal 
 
 and economic phases of valuation for rate making and public 
 
 purchase. New York, 191 2-1914. 2 vols. 
 
 Ch. xrvi. Franchise value in purchase cases, 
 xxvii. Franchise value in rate cases, 
 xxviii. Appraisal of franchise value. 
 xxix. The theory of franchise value. 
 Very excellent economic discussion of franchise value, with very full 
 quotations from court and commission cases. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Principles as to franchise values. Utilities Maga- 
 zine, i, no. 3, 59-67 (1916). 
 
 A good elementary discussion of franchise values for taxation, rate 
 making, condenmation, sale and capitalization. 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 LAND VALUE 
 
 233 
 
 Bemis, E. W. Treatment of land in rate cases. National Mu- 
 nicipal Review, iii, 741-745 (1914). 
 
 Doty, E. T. The measurement of land values. Utilities Maga- 
 zine, i, no. 3, 85-87 (1916). 
 Elementary outline of methods used; with diagrams. 
 
 Floy, Henry. Land, paving and water rights. (In Value for 
 rate making. New York, 1916.) 132-156. 
 An excellent discussion, with quotations from decisions. 
 
 Structural costs. (In Valuation of public utility properties. 
 
 New York, 1912.) 62-90. 
 
 Includes an interesting discussion of real estate valuation, with tables 
 and quotations from articles and decisions. 
 
 Gillette, H. P. The valuation of waterworks properties. IV. 
 Appraisal of reservoir site value. Engineering and Contract- 
 ing, xliv, 80-81 (1915). 
 
 Hayes, H. V. Determination of replacement cost. (In Public 
 utilities: their cost new and depreciation. New York, 1 913.) 
 35-68. 
 
 Includes a brief discussion of land values (pp. 61-68). 
 
 Principles to be applied in valuing land. Utilities Maga- 
 zine, i, no. 3, 77-84 (1916). 
 An excellent elementary statement of principles. 
 
 Helm, A. E. Principles to be applied in valuation of lands used 
 for the purpose of a conmion carrier. Utilities Magazine, i, 
 no. 3, 88-91 (1916). 
 
 Opposes the allowance of unearned increment; includes brief sum- 
 maries of court decisions. 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. The proper treatment of appreciation of land. 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3, 96-97 (1916). 
 
 The writer believes that appreciation should be treated as income to 
 o£fset depreciation. 
 
 O'Brien, T. D. Land values under the Minnesota rate case. 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3, 84-85 (1916). 
 
Ii» 
 
 ji 
 
 234 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OP MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Stevens, F. W. Discussion of principles to be applied in valuing 
 land. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3, 92-96 (1916). 
 Popular discussion with references to court attitude. 
 
 The valuation of railroad right of way. ?, 1914. 3 pam- 
 phlets. 
 Discusses principles as applied to railroads only, but is of some interest 
 
 for other utilities, especially street railways. Many quotations from 
 
 the cases. 
 
 WmTTEN, R. H. Valuation of public service corporations: legal 
 
 and economic phases of valuation for rate making and public 
 
 purchase. New York, 191 2-1914. 2 vols. 
 
 Ch. vi. Valuation of land, 
 vii. Pavement over mains, 
 viii. Property donated or acquired without cost. 
 An excellent economic discussion of land valuation, with very full quo- 
 tations from court and conmiission cases. 
 
 DEPRECIATION 
 
 Allison, J. E. A criticism of theoretical depreciation. Utilities 
 Magazine, i, no. 3, 124-126 (191 6). 
 
 Depreciation. Annals of the American Academy of Politi- 
 cal and Social Science, liii, 198-213 (1914). 
 
 Condensed from " Should pubUc service properties be depreciated to 
 obtain fair value in rate or regulation cases " ; with charts. 
 
 Finding fair value. Public Service Regulation, i, 716-721 
 
 (1912). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Should public service properties be depreciated to obtain 
 
 fair value in rate or regulation cases ? St. Louis, 191 2. 50 pp. 
 
 Report to the St. Louis public service commission. 
 
 Gives methods of computation, with charts and theoretical discussion. 
 
 Non-technical. Opposes depreciation deductions in valuations for 
 
 rate making. 
 
 Alvord, J. W. Depreciation. Proc., American Waterworks As- 
 sociation, xxiii, 473-502 (1903). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 502-511. An analysis of the probable life of various 
 classes of waterworks equipment, with tables, charts and formulae; 
 semi-technical. 
 
 ' ; 
 
 ,19 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 23s 
 
 Alvom), J. W. The depreciation of public utility properties as 
 affecting their valuation and fair return. Trans., American 
 Society of Civil Engineers, kxvii, 788-803 (1914)- 
 Discussion: pp. 804-889. An excellent, semi-technical discussion of 
 depreciation theories and methods. 
 
 American Waterworks Association. A discussion of depreciation 
 and a comparison of rates and bookkeeping methods of mu- 
 nicipally and privately owned waterworks. Proc, American 
 Waterworks Association, xxxiii, 325-327 (1912). 
 Brief comments by many diflferent men. 
 
 Armstrong, C. H. Depreciation and kindred matters. Journal 
 
 of Gas Lighting, Water Supply and Sanitary Improvement, 
 
 cii, 223-225 (1908). 
 
 On the accountancy of depreciation, with illustrative examples. 
 
 Atkinson, A. S. Construction and depreciation. Electric Trac- 
 tion Weekly, v, 919-921 (1909). 
 Refers to street railways. 
 
 Barker, Harry. Side lights on depreciation problems of util- 
 ities. Engineering News, Ixxvi, 1167-1169, 1212-1215 (1916). 
 
 On depreciation in rate making. Includes definitions, methods of com- 
 putation, accoimtancy and discussion. 
 
 Bauer, John. Depreciation and rate control: a question of 
 justice. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxix, 651-659 
 
 (1915)- 
 
 See Young, A. A. Depreciation and rate control. 
 
 Depredation formula of the American society of civil en- 
 gineers. Journal of Accountancy, xx, 104-111 (1915)- 
 Technical. 
 
 BissELL, G. W. The depreciation of electrical properties. Elec- 
 trical Age, xxxvi, 459-461 (1906). 
 
 General discussion, with tables of percentage depreciation of plant and 
 equipment. 
 
 BoNBRiGHT, J. C. Depredation and rate control: a further dis- 
 cussion. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxx, 546-558 
 (1916). 
 See Yoimg, A. A. Depreciation and rate control. 
 
236 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Booth, W. H. Sinking fund charges. Tramway and Railway 
 World, xiii, 349-353 (1903). 
 On the accountancy of depredation and renewals. 
 
 Bryan, W. H. The appraisal and depreciation of waterworks 
 and sunilar properties. Journal of the Association of Engi- 
 neering Societies, xxxix, 336-366 (1907). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 367-381. A very good, concise summary of valuation 
 theories and kinds of depreciation, with discussion. Includes charts 
 and a table of estimated life and depreciation of machinery and plant 
 (pp. 362-365). 
 
 Burns, C. S. Valuation of public utilities. Municipal Journal 
 and Engineer, xxix, 744-746 (1910). 
 A technical article on the derivation of depreciation formulae. 
 
 Chase, H. S. Depredation in waterworks accounts: with 
 reference to uniform reports. Journal of the New England 
 Waterworks Association, xxiv, 305-313 (1910). 
 Discussion: pp. 313-331. 
 
 Maintenance and depredation charges in accounts of 
 
 public service corporations. Journal of Accountancy, iv, 1-9 
 (1907). 
 
 On the need for proper and uniform accounts as the basis for comparisons 
 of munidpal and private ownership. 
 
 Child, R.W. Where a theory fails. Stone and Webster Public 
 Service Journal, viii, 422-426 (191 1). 
 A brief attempt to apply the common sense test to depreciation. 
 
 Claplin, G. E. Depredation accoimting for small companies. 
 Proc, National Electric Light Assodation, 1909: vol. iii, 
 165-175. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 175-182. On the methods of accounting for depre- 
 dation in large and small companies, and their differences. 
 
 Cravaih,J. R. Accounting for depredation. Electrical World, 
 Ixv, 213-215 (1915). 
 
 Cravens, G. W. The depredation and maintenance of electrical 
 
 equipment. Electrical Review and Western Electrician, Ivi 
 
 853-856 (1910). 
 
 A technical discussion of the accountancy (rf depreciation; with for- 
 mulae. 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 237 
 
 Davies, H. G. Fair interest on investment in public utilities. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xliv, 1 287-1 289 (1914)- 
 Answer to J. B. Geijsbeek, " Fair return to public utilities." 
 For a more extended discussion, see article with same title in Journal of 
 Accountancy. 
 
 Journal of Accountancy, xix, 34-45 (iQ^S)- 
 
 Answer to J. B. Geijsbeek, " Fair return to public utilites." 
 With tables and illustrative examples. 
 
 Davis, J. S. Depreciation and rate control: a criticism. Quar- 
 terly Journal of Economics, xxix, 362-378, 388-395 (1915). 
 See Young, A. A., "Depreciation and rate control." 
 
 Delano, F. A. Tbe application of a depredation charge in rail- 
 way accoimting. Journal of Political Economy, xvi, 585-601 
 
 (1908). 
 
 A technical discussion, illustrated with charts, opposing the Interstate 
 
 commerce commission's depreciation charge order. Of some interest 
 
 for all public utilities. 
 
 Dreytus, E. D. Appraisement of small electric properties. 
 Electrical Review and Western Electrician, kvi, 433-438> 
 
 500-505 (1915)- 
 
 An excellent discussion of the method of taking the inventory; with 
 suggested forms, symbols and depreciation charts. 
 
 Duffy, C.N. Depredation. Electric Railway Review, xix, 83- 
 
 84 (1908). 
 
 An analysis of kinds of depreciation. 
 
 Edwaeds, H. M. Accounting for depreciation. Proc., National 
 Electric Light Assodation, 191 1: vol. ii, 179-186. 
 Discussion: pp. 186-199. Semi-technical. 
 
 Erickson, Halford. As to depredation accounting. Public 
 Service Regulation, iii, 305-307 (1914)- 
 
 Depredation. Proc., Central States Waterworks Assod- 
 ation, 191 2: 60-89. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 90-97. Discusses all phases of the question; with 
 tables of data illustrating different methods. 
 
 Madison, Wisconsin, 191 2. 43 pp. 
 
 Reprint. 
 Depredation accounting. American Gas Light Joumal, 
 
 d, 81-85 (1914). 
 
 A technical artide on the accountancy of depreciation, with tables and 
 illustrative examples. 
 

 238 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Emckson, Halford. Depreciation and its relation to the fair 
 value. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3, 112-124 (1916). 
 An excellent discussion, with illustrative examples and tables. 
 
 Depreciation problems. Proc, American Gas Institute, 
 
 ix, 1582-1638 (1914). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 1638-1682. On the financing and accounting of de- 
 preciation, with elaborate illustrative examples and tables. 
 
 Methods of determining life of public utilities. Engineer- 
 ing and Contracting, xxxviii, 448-450 (191 2). 
 Abstract of paper before Central states waterworks association. 
 Treats chiefly of methods of estimatmg life of equipment used by the 
 Wisconsin commission. 
 
 Methods of providing for and recording depreciation. En- 
 gineering and Contracting, xxxviii, 506-511 (1912). 
 
 A technical discussion of the accountancy of depreciation of the Wis- 
 consin commission; with tables. 
 
 A continuation of the abstract entitled " Methods of determining life 
 of public utilities." 
 
 Some facts relating to depreciation and rate making. 
 
 Electrical Review and Western Electrician, bdv, 234-238 
 (1914). 
 
 Some problems of public utility accounting. Electric 
 
 Railway Journal, xliii, 306-307 (1914). 
 
 On the need of more explicit directions from public service commissions 
 concerning the accountancy of depreciation. 
 
 Wisconsin method of depreciation accounting. Gas Age, 
 
 xxxiv, 113-117 (1914). 
 
 Fernie, F. The depredation of underground cables. Electrical 
 Review (London), k, 577-579 (1907). 
 A highly technical study, with illustrative examples; theoretical. 
 
 The obsolescence of electric lighting plant. Electrical Re- 
 view (London), bdii, 516-517 (1908). 
 Technical discussion, with charts. 
 
 Fitting, R. U. Depreciation. Electric Railway Journal, xliv, 
 558-562 (1914). 
 
 An analysis of the kinds of depreciation and a study of the methods of 
 computation; technical, with formulae and illustrative examples. 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 239 
 
 Floy, Henry. Depreciation. {In Valuation of public utility 
 properties. New York, 191 2.) 168-217. 
 A detailed study, with tables and charts; technical. 
 
 {In Value for rate making. New York, 191 6.) 235- 
 
 310. 
 
 An excellent, thorough analysis and discussion of the different theories 
 and methods, with many quotations from court and commission de- 
 cisions. Includes many tables and charts; semi-technical. 
 
 Depreciation as related to electrical properties. Trans., 
 
 American Institute of Electrical Engineers, xxx, 1 267-1309 
 (1911). 
 
 An excellent study of depreciation theories and methods, in valuations 
 and rate making. Includes extended definition of terms, analysis of 
 elements, and a table of " approved rates used in estimating theo- 
 retical depreciation " for various classes of equipment, giving name 
 of authority for each (pp. 1 287-1 291). 
 
 For a criticism, see H. G. D. Nutting, " Depreciation." 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xxxviii, 21-24 (191 1). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Ford, F. R. The treatment of depredation. Electric Railway 
 
 Journal, xxxv, 284-287 (1910). 
 
 Abstract of his " The theory of street railway rate regulation as de- 
 veloped in the Coney Island fare case." 
 
 Public Service, viii, 77-80 (1910). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Treatment of depreciation of street railway properties. 
 
 Engineering-Contracting, xxxiii, 560-562 (1910). 
 Abstract. 
 
 FoRSE, W. H., Jr. Sinking funds. Proc, American Electric 
 Railway Accountants' Association, 1913: 274-278. 
 Discussion: pp. 279-294. Of accounting interest only. 
 
 Aera, ii, 409-413 (1913)- 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 Foster, H. A. Depreciation. {In Engineering valuation of 
 
 public utilities and factories. New York, 191 2.) 147-218. 
 
 An excellent, thorough discussion, including quotations from articles 
 and decisions, formulae and many tables. 
 
m 
 
 ! 
 
 i 
 
 t 
 
 240 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Foster, H. A. Handling of depredation funds. (In Engineer- 
 ing valuation of public utilities and factories. New York, 
 1912.) 226-234. 
 
 On the accountancy of depreciation. Consists largely of quotations 
 from articles and decisions. 
 
 FowLE, F. F. A practical discussion of depreciation. Southern 
 Electrician, xlii, 227-229 (191 1). 
 
 Geijsbeek, J. B. Fair return to public utilities. Journal of 
 
 Accountancy, xvii, 245-263 (1914). 
 
 A detailed analysis, attempting to prove the 50 per cent value theoiy; 
 with charts and illustrative examples. For a criticism, see H. J. 
 Davies, " Fair interest on investment in public utilities." 
 
 Gillette, H. P. A rational method of calculating depreciated 
 
 value. Engineering and Contracting, xliv, 24-27 (1915). 
 
 Discusses the defects in two common depreciation formulae, and de- 
 duces a new formula. Technical. 
 
 The use of depreciation data in rate making and appraisal 
 
 problems. Electrical World, Ix, 927-931 (191 2). 
 
 A good semi-technical study of depreciation theories and accountancy; 
 with formulae. 
 
 Engineering and Contractmg, xxxviii, 476-480 (1912)' 
 
 The same. 
 
 The valuation of waterworks properties. 11. Estimating 
 
 accrued depreciation: inspection and tests €;5. life formulas. 
 
 Engineering and Contracting, xliii, 486-488 (191 5). 
 
 A discussion of average life and depreciation formulae; technical. 
 
 Grant, H. D. Depreciation and reserve accoimts. Journal of 
 Accountancy, ix, 352-357 (1910). 
 Of accounting interest only. 
 
 Gray, H. L. The necessity of depreciation reserves. Railway 
 Age Gazette, xlviii, 1 297-1 298 (1910). 
 Elementary. 
 
 Gruhl, Edwin. Depreciation estimates. Aera, i, 644-653 
 
 (1913)- 
 
 A good article on the necessity of actual data as to variation of life; 
 with charts of the depreciation of various kinds of equipment. 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 241 
 
 Grunsky, C. E. The appraisal of public service properties as a 
 basis for the regulation of rates. Trans., American Society 
 
 of Civil Engineers, Ixxv, 770-843 (191 2). 
 
 Discussion : pp. 844-876. A long tedinical paper, including formulae, 
 tables and charts. The writer attempts to prove that depreciation 
 should not be deducted in valuations and that it should be included 
 in rates. 
 
 Depreciation as an element for consideration in the ap- 
 
 praisal of public service properties. Trans., American So- 
 ciety of Civil Engineers, Ixxix, 727-779 (1915). 
 A thorough discussion of various theories and methods, with charts and 
 
 illustrative examples. The writer opposes depreciation deduction in 
 
 valuations for rate making. 
 
 Hammond, Robert. Depreciation. Journal of the Institution 
 of Electrical Engineers, xxxix, 270-280 (1907). 
 Discussion: pp. 280-301. Considers theory and methods; semi-technical. 
 
 H[aney, L. H. Depreciation and valuation for rate making. 
 
 Journal of Accountancy, xix, 344-355 (19 15). 
 A discussion of fundamental principles and popular misconceptions in 
 the question of depreciation deduction. 
 
 Harshman, C. C. Obsolescence in appraisals for rate making. 
 Engineering News, Ixxvi, 842-843 (1916). 
 
 Haselmann. Depreciation as applicable to electric railwa)rs, 
 Street Railway Journal, xxviii, 1003-1006 (1906). 
 On the methods of depreciation accounting in Europe, with tables. 
 
 Hayes, H. V. Depreciation. (In Public utilities: their fair 
 present value and return. New York, 191 5.) 159-204. 
 A good, non-technical discussion of the various theories and methods, 
 with illustrative examples and tables. 
 
 Public utilities: their cost new and depreciation. New 
 
 York, 1913. 262 pp. 
 Ch. iz. Reserves for depreciation. 
 X. Life of plant, 
 xi. Depreciation. 
 A good, non-technical discussion of the various theories and methods, 
 with illustrative examples and tables. 
 
 Hdcson, L. T. More about sinking fimds: not a deduction from 
 income. Aera, ii, 723-725 (1914). 
 Discussion of W. H. Forse, "Sinking funds." 
 
t? 
 
 242 BIBUOGRAPEY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Holmes, F. L. Depreciation. {In Regulation of railroads and 
 public utilities in Wisconsin. New York, 1915.) 79-95. 
 A good, elementary discussion of the various theories and methods, 
 
 with reference to the practice of the Wisconsin commission. Includes 
 
 tables; non-technical. 
 
 How, Jared. Depreciation as an element in rate making. Jour- 
 nal of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxxvi, 184-185 (1916). 
 Opposes the deduction of theoretical depreciation. 
 
 Humphreys, A. C. Depreciation. Proc., American Gas Insti- 
 tute, ii, 307-353 (1907). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 356-370. Supplementary to his paper before New 
 England association of gas engineers entitled " The present and grow- 
 ing need for the general adoption of a uniform system of records and 
 accounts." 
 
 Notes on the accountancy of depreciation, with conmients and criticism 
 of certain expert testimony and writings. 
 
 Progressive Age, xxv, 688-696 (1907). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Depreciation: estimated and actual. Proc, American 
 
 Gas Institute, viii, part II, 505-530 (1913). 
 Reprinted from Trans., Institution of Gas Engineers. 
 A long and very general discussion. 
 
 Engineering and Contracting, xl, 394-399 (1913). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Journal of Gas Lighting and Water Supply, cxxii, 
 
 991-997 (1913). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Public Service, xv, 127-128, 163-164, 16^170 (1913). 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 243 
 
 Abstract. 
 Public Service Regulation, ii, 430-436(1913). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 In rate fixing by commission, should " depreciation " be 
 
 deducted from plant valuation. Proc., American Gas In- 
 stitute, ix, 1557-1582 (1914). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 1638-1682. A general discussion, including conunents 
 on some of the literature of the subject and on decisions; with illus- 
 trative examples. 
 
 Hurd, E. C. Should depreciation apply ? Public Service Regu- 
 lation, ii, 401-402 (1913). 
 
 Jackson, W. B. Depreciation and reserve funds of electrical 
 properties. Journal of the Western Society of Engineers, xv, 
 
 587-596 (1910). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 596-619. Semi-technical. 
 
 Depredation of electrical properties. Public Service, viii, 
 
 167-171 (1910). 
 Abstract. 
 
 The depreciation problem. Annals of the American Acad- 
 emy of Political and Social Science, xxxvii, 31-42 (1911)- 
 Non-technical discussion of electric railway depreciation and its ac- 
 countancy. 
 
 A discussion of the depreciation problem with particular 
 
 reference to electric railways. Engineering-Contracting, 
 XXXV, 176-178 (1911). 
 James, C. C. Depreciation and value of public utilities. Journal 
 of Accountancy, xxii, 409-416 (1916). 
 On the accountancy of depreciation. 
 
 Jenkins, J. B. Some of the absurdities of the straight line 
 method of determining depreciation. Railway Age Gazette, 
 
 Ix, 357-358 (1916). 
 Technical, with illustrative tables. 
 
 Johnson, George. Depreciation. Electrical Review (London), 
 
 Ixvi, 1048-1050 (1910). 
 
 On the accountancy of depreciation; technical. 
 
 Kealy, p. J. A discussion of depreciation. Engineering and 
 
 Contracting, xliv, 118-123 (1915)- 
 
 Discusses various theories. Technical, with many illustrative charts 
 and tables. 
 
 Klotz, R. G. Pick rational plant units for depreciation accoimt- 
 ing. Engineering News, Ixxv, 23-24 (1916). 
 
 Lawton, W. H. Depreciation accounts. Electrical World, Ixv, 
 
 1678-1679 (1915). 
 
 Depreciation, intangible values and rates. Journal of 
 
 Accountancy, xvii, 325-354 (1914). 
 
 An excellent article including an analysis of the commissions' depred- 
 ation requirements. 
 

 244 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Lawton, W. H. Sinking funds in rate valuations. Journal of 
 Accountancy, xix, 191-197 (1915). 
 Somewhat elementary. 
 
 I ~~" ^^s Age, XXXV, 493-494 (1915). 
 Kepnnt. 
 
 Leake, P. D. Depreciation: a plea for the study and use of 
 better methods. Mechanical Engineering, xx, 117-121, 147- 
 149,179-182(1907). ' 
 
 ^tables^'"'"'"'^'''''^ ""^ depreciation. Discusses various methods; with 
 
 Mack,E.S. Depreciation. Pubhc Service, vii, 42-45 (1909). 
 
 MacRae, T. B. More about sinking funds : not a charge against 
 profits. Aera, ii, 719-723 (1914). 
 Discussion of W. H. Forse, " Sinking funds." 
 
 Marks, W.D. Depreciation. (/« Practical rate making and 
 appraisement. South Hadley, 1 914 ?) 163-177. 
 
 May, G. O. The problem of depreciation. Journal of Account- 
 ancy, XIX, 1-13 (1915). 
 An analysis of the kinds and causes of depreciation. 
 
 Metcalt, Leonaio). Depreciation in waterworks operation. 
 Fubhc Service, x, 82-84, 119-121 (1911). 
 On the importance of fixing rates high enough to include depreciation. 
 
 - Depreciation: in waterworks operation and accounting. 
 Journal of the New England Waterworks Association, xxiv 
 442-462 (1910). ' 
 
 Discussion: pp. 463-472. 
 
 Nash, L. R. Depreciation reserves as affected by property 
 growth. American Economic Review, vi, 69-89 (1916). 
 
 Technical; with formulae, charts and tables. 
 
 Re"ri^ ^^^^^ ^^^ Webster Journal, xviii, 286-306 (1916). 
 
 Neal, J. H. Where maintenance ends and depreciation begins. 
 Proc., American Street and Interurban Railway Accountants' 
 Association, 1907: 195-200. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 200-202. Chiefly of accounting interest; with tables. 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 24s 
 
 Neale, R. E. Depreciation in engineering works. Mechanical 
 
 World, liii, 67-69, 90-91, 114-115 (1913). 
 A highly technical study of elements and theories of depreciation, with 
 tables, fonnulae and charts. 
 
 Neely, F. H. Depreciation of power plant equipment. Power 
 
 and the Engineer, xxx, 1028-1029 (1909). 
 
 Nutting, H. G. D. Depreciation. Electrical World, Iviii, 323- 
 
 324 (1911). 
 
 A criticism of Henry Floy's "Depreciation as related to electrical prop- 
 
 erties. 
 Pfelffer, a. J. J. Tramway depreciation. Tramway and Rail- 
 way World, xxviii, 93-96 (1910). 
 A technical study of depreciation accountancy, with tables and charts; 
 
 English. 
 
 PoMEROY, L. R. Depreciation or valuation of properties. Rail- 
 way Age Gazette, Iv, 274-275 (1913). 
 Technical, with charts and calculations. 
 
 Prosser, R. W. Depreciation in gas plants. American Gas 
 
 Light Journal, Ixxvi, 767-768 (1902). 
 
 The accountancy of depreciation; technical, with formulae and tables. 
 
 Randolph, L. S. The ethics of allowance for depredation. En- 
 gineering Magazine, xxxix, 692-696 (1910). 
 A discussion of the various methods of allowing for depreciation in 
 rates, and their results. 
 
 RiFENBERiCK, R. B. Some illogical theories discussed: the 
 wrong use of the element of depreciation in valuations to 
 control rates. Aera, i, 1038-1045 (1913). 
 
 RoBB, Russell. A problem in the making of rates. Stone and 
 
 Webster Public Service Journal, xvi, 245-250 (191 5). 
 On the inadvisability of reducing rates where a depreciation fund has 
 not been acamiulated in the past; with illustrative examples. 
 
 RoYSE, Daniel. Depreciation in electric railway accounting. 
 Street Railway Journal, xxxi, 687-691 (1908). 
 
 Saliers, E. a. Caring for depreciation. Journal of Accoimt- 
 ancy, xiii, 241-250 (191 2). 
 
 Technical, with formulae. 
 
 Depreciation in theory and practice. Chicago, 1916. 27 pp. 
 
 Largely limited to accounting treatment. 
 
246 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Saliers, E. a. Depreciation in valuations. Journal of Ac- 
 countancy, XV, 106-116 (1913). 
 
 On depreciation in relation to the various valuation theories; with some 
 citations of decisions. 
 
 Principles of depreciation. New York, 1915. 200 pp. 
 
 An elementary textbook, of little interest except for accountants. 
 
 Sealy, Robert. The accounting treatment of depreciation. 
 Proc., American Electric Railway Accountants' Association, 
 1914: 145-162. 
 Discussion: 163-17 1. Technical; includes many citations. 
 
 Shaad, G. C. Determination of depreciation. Public Service, 
 XV, 17-18 (1913)- 
 A brief, elementary review of depreciation theories. 
 
 Smith, C. A. Depreciation and sinking fund. Electric Railway 
 Journal, xl, 122-123 (1912). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Canadian Engineer, xxiii, 299-300 (1912). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Stearns, F. P. Depreciation defined. Utilities Magazine, i, 
 no. 3, loo-ioi (1916). 
 
 Teichmann, Max. Depreciation. Journal of Accountancy, iii, 
 101-105 (1906). 
 
 Thomas, J. J. Depreciation and valuation. Journal of Ac- 
 countancy, xxi, 24-33 (1916). 
 
 A short analysis, from the accountant's standpomt, of valuation theories 
 and the depreciation problem. 
 
 Wallis, R. N. Accounting of depreciation by electric railways. 
 Journal of Accountancy, iv, 10-15 (iQO?)- 
 
 Depreciation as applicable to electric railways. Proc., 
 
 American Street and Interurban Railway Accountants* Asso- 
 ciation, 1906: 168-173. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 173-218. 
 
 Western, R. W. Calculating depreciation. Tramway and 
 Railway World, xxiii, 456 (1908). 
 Technical, with formulae. 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 247 
 
 Whitney, L. N. " Present value " misleading. Public Service 
 Regulation, iii, 346-348 (1914). 
 
 The writer believes that the term " present value " is undesirable; dis- 
 cusses depreciation reserves. 
 
 Whttten, R. H. Depreciation and public service regulation. 
 Engineering News, Ixix, 942-947 (i9i3)« 
 
 An elaboration of suggestions made in his " Valuation of public service 
 corporations." An excellent comparison of four depreciation theories, 
 the uniform mvestment method being advocated. Includes tables 
 and a chart. 
 
 Valuation of public service corporations: legal and eco- 
 
 nomic phases of valuation for rate making and public pur- 
 chase. New York, 191 2-1914. 2 vols. 
 
 Ch. xvii. Physical depreciation. 
 
 xviii. Cost new v. cost less depreciation, 
 xix. Functional depreciation. 
 XX. Annual depreciation allowance. 
 Very excellent economic discussion of the various depreciation theories, 
 with very full quotations from court and commission cases. 
 
 WiLMOT, H. W. Depreciation. Journal of Accountancy, ix, 
 104-113 (1909)- 
 
 Wyer, S. S. Depreciation. {In Regulation, valuation and de- 
 predation of public utilities. Colimibus, 1913.) 101-128. 
 
 Composed largely of classified quotations from books, articles and cases. 
 A thorough treatment of the subject in its legal, economic and ac- 
 counting aspects. Largely technical, with formulae, tables, charts 
 and photographs. 
 
 Yeaman, C. H. Depreciation and reserves for antiquation and 
 obsolescence from an engineering standpoint. Electrical 
 
 Engineer, xl, 46-50 (1907) • 
 
 A detailed technical discussion of depreciation accounting. 
 
 Yellott, O. I. Notes on depreciation. Baltimore ? 1915 ? 
 
 127 pp. 
 
 In re Chesapeake and Potomac telephone company of Baltimore city 
 rate investigation — Public service conmaission of Maryland, case 690, 
 March 8, 1916. 
 
 Unusually clear discussion of the fundamental principles of depreciation, 
 with illustrative examples. 
 
248 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Young, A. A. Depreciation and rate control. Quarterly Journal 
 of Economics, xxviii, 630-663 (1914). 
 
 See also: Depreciation and rate control: 
 
 A criticism. J. S. Davis, xxix, 362-378 (1915). 
 
 A reply. A. A. Young, xxix, 378-387. 
 
 A rejoinder. J. S. Davis, xxix, 388-395. 
 
 Concluding comments. A. A. Yoimg. xxix, 395-400. 
 and: Depreciation and rate control: a question of justice. John Bauer. 
 
 xxix, 651-659. 
 Depreciation and rate control: a further discussion. J. C. Bonbright. 
 
 XXX, 546-548 (1916). 
 
 A very interesting but rather academic discussion. 
 
 VALUE FOR CONDEMNATION AND PURCHASE 
 
 Fox, A. M. Going value in purchase vs. rate cases. Utilities 
 Magazine, i, no. 3, 152-154 (1916). 
 
 Hayes, H. V. Fair present value: condemnation or sale. {In 
 Public utilities: their cost new and depreciation. New York, 
 1913.) 235-243. 
 
 Maguire and Mooney. Compensation for condemnation of 
 
 property. Electrical Review and Western Electrician, Ix, 
 
 709-710 (1912). 
 
 An elementary discussion of when the right of eminent domain may be 
 exercised, and of the resulting cost. 
 
 RosECRANTZ, C. M. Other elements of value. Proc., American 
 
 Electric Railway Association, 1913: 136-152. 
 
 A good analysis and historical account of intangibles in valuations for 
 different purposes, with many quotations from court decisions. 
 
 Aera, ii, 475-49© (1913)- 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 SiLCOCK, E. J. The valuation of waterworks undertakings on 
 transfer to municipal authorities. Surveyor, Municipal and 
 County Engineer, xliii, 921-923 (1913). 
 
 Wagner, B. M. The acquisition of private water plants by 
 municipalities. Journal of the American Waterworks Asso- 
 ciation, ii, 25-41 (191 5). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 582-584. A good account of methods of municipal 
 acquisition and of valuation for condemnation. 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 249 
 
 Whitten, R. H. Valuation of public service corporations: legal 
 
 and economic phases of valuation for rate making and public 
 
 purchase. New York, 191 2-1914. 2 vols. 
 
 Ch. xxi. Going concern in purchase cases, 
 xxvi. Franchise value in purchase cases, 
 xxxi. Rules for appraisers in Maine condemnation cases. 
 
 Excellent on valuation in condemnation and purchase cases; with full 
 quotations from court and commission decisions. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Principles as to franchise values. Utilities 
 
 Magazine, i, no. 3, 59-67 (1916). 
 
 A good elementary discussion of franchise values for taxation, rate 
 making, condemnation, sale and capitalization. 
 
 COURT AND COMMISSION ATTITUDE 
 
 Baker, N. D. Discussion of constitutional protection in valua- 
 tion. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3, 215-216 (1916). 
 
 Bauer, John. Going value in connection with a physical ap- 
 praisal in a rate case: the New York rule. Political Science 
 
 Quarterly, xxx, 463-475 (iQ^S)- 
 
 Going value: what it is, how it is to be calculated, and when it should 
 be allowed under the rule in the King's county lighting case. 
 
 Beale, J. H., and Wyman, Bruce. Basis of capital charges. 
 
 {In Railroad rate regulation. 2d edition. New York, 191 5.) 
 
 209-249. 
 
 A good legal discussion of the various theories of valuation; thoroughly 
 annotated. 
 
 Bettman, Alfred. Constitutionality of historical cost method 
 of public utility valuation. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3, 46-51 
 (1916). 
 A good analysis, with many citations of decisions. 
 
 Bryan, W. H. Going value as an element in the appraisal of 
 public utility properties. Journal of the Association of Engi- 
 neering Societies, xliii, 147-158 (1909)- 
 
 Discussion: pp. 286-288. A very interesting discussion of intangible 
 values as considered by the Wisconsin commission, and by J. W. 
 Alvord in his " Notes on going value and methods for its computa- 
 tion." 
 
2SO BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Bryan, W. H. Going value as an element in the appraisal of 
 public utility properties. Journal of Electricity, Power and 
 Gas, xxiv, 31-35 (1910). 
 Reprint. 
 
 Dreyfus, E. D. Reckoning with costs of superseded equipment. 
 
 Electrical Worid, Ixviii, 272-274 (1916). 
 
 Includes charts, and statements of the attitude of various commissions. 
 Erickson, Halford. Methods of determining life of public 
 
 utilities. Engineering and Contracting, xxxviii, 448-450 
 
 (1912). 
 
 Abstract. Treats chiefly of methods of estimating life of equipment 
 used by the Wisconsin commission. 
 
 Methods of providing for and recording depreciation. En- 
 gineering and Contracting, xxxviii, 506-511 (1912). 
 
 A technical discussion of the accountancy of depreciation of the Wis- 
 consin commission; with tables. 
 
 A continuation of the abstract entitled " Methods of determining life 
 of public utilities." 
 
 Floy, Henry. Depreciation. (/» Value for rate making. New 
 York, 1916.) 235-310. 
 
 Includes many quotations from court and commission decisions, and 
 certain important cases are considered at length. 
 
 Development expenses, intangible expenses, non-ph3rsical 
 
 costs, overhead expenses. {In Valuation of public utility 
 properties. New York, 191 2.) 91-128. 
 
 Gives tables showing the classification used in the inventory in the Gooey 
 Island cases. 
 
 Ford, F. R. The theory of street railway rate regulation as de- 
 veloped in the Coney Island fare case. Proc., American 
 Street and Interurban Railway Association, 1910: 159-168. 
 Discussion: pp. 169-186. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xxxvi, 752-755 (1910). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 FoRSTALL, A. E. A review of recent decisions of public service 
 
 commissions which affect gas companies. Proc., American 
 
 Gas Institute, v, 460-482 (1910). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 482-497- An outline of the principles contamed in 
 various decisions; brief but interesting. 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 251 
 
 FoRSTALL, A. E. A review of recent decisions of public service 
 
 commissions which affect gas companies. American Gas 
 
 Light Journal, xciv, 148-155 (191 1). 
 Reprint. 
 
 Foster, H. A. Court decisions. {In Engineering valuation of 
 public utilities and factories. New York, 1912.) 264-329. 
 Syllabi and quotations from several important valuation cases; ex- 
 ceUent for the layman, and of considerable interest for the engineer. 
 
 Franchise. {In Engineering valuation of public utilities 
 
 and factories. New York, 1912.) 236-251. 
 
 Includes many quotations from court and conmiission decisions. 
 
 Gillette, H. P. Court decisions showing " present value " to 
 be the only value for rate making purposes. Engineering 
 and Contracting, xliii, 302 (191 5). 
 
 GoETZ, J. H. Court decisions on depreciation. Utilities Maga- 
 zine, i, no. 3, 102-112 (1916). 
 An excellent, fully annotated study. 
 
 Gruhl, Edwin. Recent tendencies in valuations for rate 
 making purposes. Annals of the American Academy of 
 Political and Social Science, liii, 219-237 (1914). 
 An exceUent review of court and commission attitude, with many quo- 
 tations from the cases. Summarizes the conclusions. 
 
 Harvard Law Review — Notes. The problem of going value. 
 Harvard Law Review, xxvii, 744-745 (1914). 
 
 An excellent, but very brief, summary of court decisions, with many 
 citations. 
 
 Valuation of property of public service company as basis 
 
 for determining rates. Harvard Law Review, xxv, 379-381 
 
 (1912). 
 
 An excellent summary of court decisions on various points, with many 
 citations. 
 
 Valuation of public service franchises. Harvard Law Re- 
 view, xxviii, 501-505 (1915). 
 
 An excellent brief summary of court decisions, with many citations, 
 Heilman, R. E. Development by commissions of the principles 
 of public utility valuation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 
 xxviii, 269-291 (1914). 
 
 An excellent annotated study, with a brief discussion of the attitude of 
 the various commissions on certain miportant valuation problems. 
 
Ill ; 
 
 252 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Heilman, R. E. Some economic aspects of waterworks valua- 
 tion. Journal of the American Waterworks Association, ii, 
 
 538-543 (1915)- 
 
 On the attitude of various commissions towards going value. 
 
 Helm, A. E. Principles to be applied in valuation of lands used 
 for the purpose of a conunon carrier. Utilities Magazine, i, 
 no. 3, 88-91 (1916). 
 
 Opposes the allowance of unearned increment ; includes brief summaries 
 of court decisions. 
 
 JuRGENSEN, D. F. Misapplication of interest, contingencies and 
 engineering items for valuing railroads by cost of replace- 
 ment method. Journal of the Association of Engineering 
 Societies,. li, 95-101 (1913). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 237-239. A reply to criticism of his " Railroad valua- 
 tion: reproduction cost new as a safe basis for rates." 
 Considers chiefly the Northern Pacific valuation. 
 
 Railroad valuation: reproduction cost new as a sole basis 
 
 for rates. Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies, 
 xlix, 204-214 (191 2). 
 
 Discussion: 1, 66-67 (1913)- Refers to railroads only, but is of interest 
 for other utilities because of expressing the views of the Minnesota 
 railroad and warehouse commission. 
 
 Kerr, W. D. Constitutional protection in valuation. Utilities 
 Magazine, i, no. 3, 208-215 (1916). 
 
 Mack, E. S. Standards for rate regulation by commission. ?, 
 1908 ? 24 pp. 
 
 A general discussion of legal aspects of valuation and rate regulation; 
 annotated. 
 
 Metcalf, Leonard. Waterworks valuation and fair rates. 
 
 Public Service, v, 185-188 (1908). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Waterworks valuation and fair rates in the light of the 
 
 Maine supreme court decisions in the Waterville and Bruns- 
 wick cases. Trans., American Society of Civil Engineers, 
 l»v, 1-74 (1909). 
 Technical. 
 
 VALUATION 
 
 253 
 
 O'Brien, T. D. Land values under the Minnesota rate case. 
 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3, 84-85 (1916). 
 
 A very brief account of the court's conclusions, with quotations from 
 the decision. 
 
 Prouty, C. a. The meaning of the constitutional protection in 
 valuation. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3, 204-208 (1916). 
 
 RosECRANTZ, C. M. Other elements of value. Proc, American 
 
 Electric Railway Association, 1913: 136-152. 
 
 A good analysis and historical account of intangibles in valuations for 
 different purposes, with many quotations from court decisions. 
 
 Aera, ii, 475-490 (1913)- 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 Sharfman, I. L. The regulation of railway rates. {In Railway 
 
 regulation. Chicago, 191 5.) 87-1 11. 
 
 Discusses court attitude toward the various theories of valuation, with 
 citations of cases, pp. loo-iii. 
 
 Stevens, F. W. Mooted principles in valuation. Proc., Ameri- 
 can Electric Railway Association, 1914: 23-39. 
 
 On the " distinctions if any between valuation of the properties of public 
 utilities for purposes of rate making, imposition of service require- 
 ments, municipal acquisition, issue of capital securities and taxa- 
 tion." Includes many citations. 
 
 Aera, iv, 335-349 (iQM). 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xliv, 913-915 (1914)- 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Thomas, P. H. Rate making for public utilities: the Madison 
 
 case. Electric Journal, vii, 560-574 (1910). 
 
 A thorough discussion of the State Journal printing company case be- 
 fore the Wisconsin commission. 
 
 Thorne, Clifford. Going value as an element of fair value. 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 3, 138-152 (1916). 
 An excellent analysis, including a review of conmiission decisions. 
 
 Wherry, W. M., Jr. Franchise values. Proc, American Elec- 
 tric Railway Association, 1913: 124-135. 
 
 A good historical treatment of the difference between cost and value of 
 franchise; with quotations from court decisions. 
 
254 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Whitten, R. H. Valuation of public service corporations: legal 
 and economic phases of valuation for rate making and public 
 purchase. New York, 1912-1914. 2 vols. 
 
 A very exceUent treatise; the standard work on the subject. Each 
 chapter consists of economic and theoretical discussion, together with 
 very full quotations from all important court and commission cases. 
 
 Volume II is supplementary to volume I, and contains the decisions 
 from 191 2 to the spring of 1914. The chapter headings are practically 
 identical. 
 
 For list of chapters, see p. 199. 
 
 Wyer, S. S. Regulation, valuation, and depreciation of public 
 
 utilities. Columbus, 1913. 313 pp. 
 
 Depreciation: pp. 101-128. 
 
 Valuation: pp. 159-175. 
 
 Going value and going concern value: pp. 176-183. 
 
 Composed largely of classified quotations from books, articles and cases. 
 
 VI. RATES 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 United States and Foreign 
 
 Bercovitz, D. Continental systems of charging for current by 
 contract. Electrician, Ixix, 730-732 (1912). 
 
 Abstract. A brief but interesting analysis. 
 
 Francisco, M. J. Municipal ownership vs, private corporations: 
 with legal and editorial opinions, tables, and cost of lights as 
 furnished by private companies and municipal plants, with 
 list of municipal plants that have been sold or abandoned. 
 Containing also a comparison of English and American gas 
 and railway plants. Rutland, 1898. 150 pp. 
 
 United States — General 
 
 Adams, A. D. Cost of municipal vs. private gas. Municipal 
 
 Journal and Engineer, xv, 13-14 (1903). 
 
 Includes an analytical table of the average cost of gas in the private and 
 municipal plants of each state. 
 
 Gas rates in the United States. Municipal Journal and 
 
 Engineer, xiii, 63-65 (1902). 
 
 Meter rents and minimum rates. Electrical World, Iv, 
 
 525-527 (iQio)- 
 
 A brief accoimt of the law in various places — statutory, and court and 
 conmiission decisions. 
 
 Bemis, E. W. The latest electric light reports. {In Municipal 
 monopolies. 4th edition. New York, 1904.) 183-285. 
 Includes tables of rates charged in American cities. 
 
 Cahoon, J. B. Municipal electric lighting opposed. Municipal 
 Afifairs, vi, 636-647 (1902). 
 Includes a table of rates charged in American cities. 
 
 ass 
 
2S6 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Commons, J. R. Municipal electric lighting. Municipal Affairs, 
 i, 631-673 (1897). 
 Includes tables of rates charged in American cities. 
 
 {In Bemis, E. W. Municipal monopolies. 4th 
 
 edition. New York, 1904.) 55-180. 
 Reprint. 
 
 Cooper, M. D. The history and economics of central station 
 
 rate making. Wisconsin Engineer, xv, 107-116 (1910). 
 
 History and discussion of various forms of electric rates; includes many 
 citations of articles. 
 
 Crowell, H. H. Electric lighting rates and depreciation. Mu- 
 nicipal Journal and Engineer, xxiii, 698 (1907). 
 Gives a table of electric rates in fifteen cities. 
 
 DiCKERMAN, J. C. Comparison of electric light and power rates. 
 Power, xlii, 8-15 (1915). 
 
 An exceUent comparative study of the rates in many American cities, 
 with many charts and tables; technical. 
 
 Ford, F. R. Passenger rates and fares in cities with surface 
 
 street railways and elevated railroads or subways. Proc., 
 
 American Electric Railway Association, 191 2: 277-294. 
 
 Memorandum with "Report of the committee on determining the 
 
 proper basis for rates and fares." 
 A valuable study, by cities, with tables of statistics. 
 
 Aera, i, 400-409 (191 2). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xl, 1108-1112 (191 2). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Francisco, M. J. The business of municipalities and private 
 corporations compared: data that proves mimidpal owner- 
 ship waste exceeds corporate profit. Rutland, 1905 ? 136 pp. 
 
 Many plants considered alphabeticaUy by dties; only a sentence or 
 two about each. 
 
 Municipalities w. private corporations: political and busi- 
 ness management. Rutland, 1900. 172 pp. 
 
 " Tables showing cost of lights furnished by private companies and mu- 
 nicipal plants, a list of municipal plants sold or abandoned, experience 
 of municipalities, legal and editorial opinions." 
 
 RATES 
 
 2S7 
 
 GwiNN, D. R. Water rates charged in 375 cities. Proc., Ameri- 
 can Waterworks Association, xxviii, 209-222 (1908). 
 Discussion: pp. 223-238. Tabulated results of a questionnaire. Rates 
 
 of private plants: pp. 216-218; rates of municipal plants: pp. 219- 
 
 222. 
 
 Hatch, A. S. Cost of electric lighting in cities. Municipal En- 
 gineering, xxxi, 201-203 (1906). 
 A tabulation of the rates in many American cities, with some discussion. 
 
 Heim, J. B. Meter rates. Proc., American Waterworks Asso- 
 ciation, xxiv, 251-267 (1904). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 277-289. Includes an elaborate table of waterworks 
 statistics and charges in various American cities. 
 
 KoiNER, C. W. Municipal ownership and operation of electric 
 utilities on the Pacific coast. Proc., American Society of 
 Municipal Improvements, 1914: 347~367- 
 Includes tables of rates and statistics in various cities. 
 
 McGrath, D. J. Long rides for a nickel. Electric Railway 
 Journal, xlviii, 222-225 (1916). 
 
 Maps of the single fare zones in twenty-five typical American cities, 
 with brief discussion. 
 
 Metcalf, Leonard. Private fire protection service charges. 
 Proc., American Waterworks Association, xxxiii, 127-152 
 
 (1913)- 
 
 Discussion : pp. 1 58-190. An account of an investigation supplementing 
 Metcalf, Kuichling and Hawley, "Some fundamental considerations 
 in the determination of a reasonable return for public fire hydrant 
 service." 
 
 , Kuichling, E., and Hawley, W. C. Some fimdamental 
 
 considerations in the determination of a reasonable return 
 for public fire hydrant service. Proc, American Waterworks 
 Association, xxxi, 55-117 (iQi^)- 
 Includes tables of rates charged in different cities. 
 
 Milwaukee Gas Light Company. Prices charged for gas in 
 various cities of the United States from 1885 to 1907, inclu- 
 sive. Milwaukee, 1907 ? 28 pp. 
 An excellent and very complete tabulation. 
 
I) 
 
 258 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Patton, W. a. At what rate can water be profitably sold when 
 pumped against a 300-foot head ? Proc, American Water- 
 works Association, xxiv, 490-496 (1904). 
 A discussion of the rates in various places. 
 
 Rosamond, S. J. What would be a fair basis for fixing water 
 rates for fire and domestic service ? Proc, American Water- 
 works Association, xxv, 132-138 (1905). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 139-150. An analysis of the rates of seventy cities; 
 with large comparative tables of statistics. 
 
 U. S. Bureau of the Census. Street and electric railways, 1907. 
 Washington, 1910. 575 pp. 
 Fares and transfers: pp. 248-252. 
 
 Wagner, B. M. Rates for water supply. Journal of the New 
 
 England Waterworks Association, xxix, 1-48 (1915). 
 
 A very good general article, including an account of water rate history 
 and a discussion of the various forms of rates; with tables. 
 
 Whipple, F. H. The cost of public Hghting. (/« Municipal 
 lighting. Detroit, 1889.) 120-217. 
 Alphabetical, by cities. 
 
 Whitehorne, E. E. The value of the poor man's business. 
 Electrical World, kvii, 201-203 (1916). 
 
 Popular account of the use of controlled flat rates in various cities; 
 illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Wyer, S. S. Reasonableness and legal right of the " minimum 
 charge " in public utility services. Columbus, 1916. 113 pp. 
 Part I. Fundamental principles. 
 
 II. Adjudicated monthly monetary allowances for minimum 
 
 charges. 
 III. Non-adjudicated minimum charges in existing rate schedules. 
 Consists of a brief discussion, largely in the form of quotations from 
 articles and cases, foUowed by tables of minimum charges in different 
 cities. An excellent compilation. 
 
 Pasadena California 
 
 KoiNER, C. W. Pasadena's municipal light and power plant. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, Ivii, 209-227 (191 5). 
 Historical account, with tables of rates charged. 
 
 RATES 
 
 Georgia 
 
 259 
 
 Collier, W. R. The sale of current to municipally owned 
 
 distributing systems by central stations. Electrical Review 
 
 and Western Electrician, Ixvii, 890-893 (191 5). 
 
 Embodies the results of a study in Georgia, illustrated with tables and 
 charts. 
 
 Idaho 
 
 Walker, H. B. Government furnishes cheap electricity. Power, 
 
 xli, 228-229 (1915). 
 
 Electricity sold to small towns in southern Idaho by a government hy- 
 droelectric plant, which forms part of the Minidoka irrigation project. 
 Gives tables of rates charged. 
 
 Illinois 
 Chicago 
 Bemis, E. W. Report upon the price of gas in Chicago for the 
 
 Chicago council committee on gas, oil and electric light. 
 
 Chicago, 1911. 31 pp. 
 
 Includes many tables of statistics. 
 
 Marston, Glenn. Gas rates and politics in Chicago. Public 
 Service, x, 72-74 (1911). 
 
 Mead, D. W. The cost of furnishing water with reference to 
 rates and rate making. Proc, American Waterworks Asso- 
 ciation, XXX, 92-96 (1910). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 96-109. A brief comparison and discussion of the 
 water rates of private and municipal supply in Chicago, 1901-1902; 
 includes tables of statistics. 
 
 Palmer, Ray. Mimicipal lighting rates. Annals of the American 
 Academy of Political and Social Science, Ivii, 33-44 (1915). 
 
 Discussion of how to compare electric lighting rates of different cities; 
 includes tables of electric rates in Chicago, with some discussion. 
 
 Street lighting rates and cost factors. American City, xi, 
 
 462-466 (1914). 
 
 Abstract of his " Municipal lighting rates." 
 
26o BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Iowa 
 Iowa City 
 
 DuNLAP, J. H. The water meter rates of Iowa City. Water and 
 Gas Review, xxvi, 20-23 (1916). 
 
 The results of an investigation for the city council of a proposed rate 
 schedule; with tables. 
 
 Louisiana 
 New Orleans 
 
 Earl, G. G. Water rates. Proc., American Waterworks Asso- 
 ciation, xxxi, 173-189 (1911). 
 Discussion: pp. 189-216. Includes an analysis of rates for New Orleans. 
 
 RATES 
 
 261 
 
 Maryland 
 
 Baltimore 
 
 Burnett, Douglass. Differential gas rates in Baltimore. 
 Age, xxxvii, 137-140 (1916). 
 Semi-technical; with a number of charts. 
 
 Gas 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Adams, A. D. Cost of light in municipal and priyate gas and 
 electric plants. Municipal Engineering, xxiii, 160-164 (1902). 
 A statistical comparison of the cost in Massachusetts. 
 
 Regulation of electric rates in Massachusetts. Electrical 
 
 World and Engineer, xlvi, 391-392, 442-443, 484-486 (1905). 
 
 Gives the facts and rulings in various cases before the commission, with- 
 out discussion. 
 
 Regulation of gas and electric rates in Massachusetts. 
 
 Electrical World and Engineer, xlvi, 310-311, 348-349 (1905). 
 
 Gives the facts and rulings in various gas rate cases before the commis- 
 sion, without discussion. 
 
 Marks, W. D. The cost of electricity. Electrical World, Ivi, 
 265-269 (1910). 
 Supplementary to his " The price of electricity." 
 
 The price of electricity. Electrical World, liv, 555-559 
 
 (1909). 
 
 Includes tables and charts for Massachusetts. 
 
 Boston 
 
 Richards, J. L. The Boston consolidated gas company: its 
 
 relation to the public, its employees, and investors. Annals 
 
 of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 
 
 xxxi, 59-65 (1908). 
 
 A brief historical account; including a table of the prices paid for gas in 
 Boston from 1828 to 1907. 
 
 Holyoke 
 
 TiGHE, J. L. Water consumption, waste and meter rates. 
 
 Proc., American Waterworks Association, xxviii, 69-84 (1907). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 85-103. On the experience of Holyoke; with tables 
 and charts. 
 
 Spencer 
 
 Plattner, William. Spencer's modern street lighting contract. 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 5, 28-29 (iQi^)- 
 
 Worcester 
 
 Marks, W. D. The law of demand for electricity: reduction of 
 price increases profits. {In Practical rate making and ap- 
 praisement. South Hadley, 1914 ?) 200-214. 
 Chiefly an analysis of electric rates in Worcester. 
 
 Michigan 
 
 Detroit 
 
 FuLLERTON, Irwin. Do low fares increase riding ? Electric 
 
 Railway Journal, xliii, 770 (19 14). 
 
 An account of a fare reduction experiment made by the Detroit imited 
 railway company. 
 
 Moore, Charles. Electric lighting in the city of Detroit. Publi- 
 cations, American Economic Association, ii, 539-550 (1888). 
 
 In The relation of modem municipalities to quasi-public works. 
 Historical; includes a table of the charges for street lighting in vari- 
 ous cities. 
 
 (kand Rapids 
 
 Foote, Mark. Is a five cent street car fare equitable ? Public 
 
 Service, ix, 139-141 (1910)- 
 
 Experience in Grand Rapids. 
 
ili; 
 
 262 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 RATES 
 
 263 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Gesell, G. a. Minnesota public utility rates: gas, electric, 
 water. Minneapolis, 19 14. 254 pp. 
 
 University of Minnesota, Current problems, no. 3. 
 By cities, for each service. 
 
 Minneapolis 
 
 Deacon, W. G. Electric rates for Minneapolis. Public Service, 
 V, 107-110 (1908). 
 
 History of the controversy. 
 
 Jones, S. P. Lower gas and electric rates in Minneapolis. 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 5, 29-30 (1916). 
 A very brief account of a current reduction in rates. 
 
 Marks, W. D. Recapitulation of report upon the fair and reason- 
 able price of a 6.6 ampere magnetite arc light per year. {In 
 Practical rate making and appraisement. South Hadley, 
 1914 ?) 60-113. 
 
 A detailed study of street lighting rates in Minneapolis, with tables of 
 statistics. 
 
 St, Paul 
 
 Feurtado, R. S. The fair price of gas at St. Paul. Public Ser- 
 vice, iii, 173-179 (1907)- 
 
 c., r MlSSOUM 
 
 St. Louts 
 
 Eisenmenger, H. E. Graphical analysis of the St. Louis resi- 
 dence rates. Electrical World, lix, 644-645 (191 2). 
 A brief graphical analysis with charts; highly technical and theoretical. 
 
 Spohrer, H. H. Electric rates. Electrical Review and Western 
 
 Electrician, Ix, 747-748 (191 2). 
 
 On a new schedule of electric rates adopted by the Union electric light 
 and power company of St. Louis, with some discussion; technical. 
 
 „, . New York 
 
 Elmtra 
 
 DiVEN, J. M. Special fire protection rates and regulations, 
 
 Elmira, N. Y. Proc., American Waterworks Association, 
 
 xxvii, 460-462 (1907). 
 
 Includes the schedule of rates. 
 
 New York 
 
 Marks, W. D. Quantity rates for electricity. (In Practical 
 rate making and appraisement. South Hadley, 1914 ?) ii4"" 
 
 143- 
 
 Discusses chiefly electric rates in New York City. A detailed study, 
 with many tables and charts. 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 Brashears, W. F. Passing of three cent fares. Public Service, 
 xvii, 101-103 (1914). 
 
 Three cent car fares on trial. Public Service, xiv, 201-204 
 
 (1913)- 
 
 An analysis of the results with tables of statistics. 
 
 Clough, E. B. The truth about Cleveland traction. Public 
 Service, ii, 133-135 (1907)- 
 
 History under Mayor Johnson. 
 
 DooLiTTLE, F. W. The Cleveland experiment. (In Studies in 
 the cost of urban transportation service. New York, 1916.) 
 
 355-438. 
 
 An excellent study of the history of Cleveland traction franchises and 
 fare experiments. 
 
 Toledo 
 
 Deacon, W. G. A three cent car fare test. Public Service, xvi, 
 
 141-142, 157-160 (1914)- 
 
 H. L. Doherty offers to allow Toledo to operate the street railways for 
 one year. 
 
 -, Oregon 
 
 Eugene 
 
 Meyers, Alvin. Eugene, Ore., municipal light and water plant. 
 Mimicipal Engineering, xliv, 427-428 (1913). 
 Includes the schedule of electric rates. 
 
 „, ., . ... Pennsylvania 
 
 Pktladelphta 
 
 DiCKERMAN, J. C. Lower electric rates in Philadelphia. Ameri- 
 can City, xiv, 341-342 (1916). 
 A popular account of litigation before the commission. 
 
 'i' 
 
■ I 
 r;t' 
 
 264 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 RATES 
 
 26s 
 
 U 
 
 Texas 
 
 Paxton, E. T. Public service rates in Texas cities. Austin, 
 
 1915. 141 pp. 
 
 Bulletin of the University of Texas: Municipal research series, no. 10. 
 Tables of rates charged for: water, sewerage, electric light and power, 
 telephone and traction. Arranged by cities, under each service. 
 
 Houston 
 
 Sheldon, P. H. Controversy over electric rates in Houston, 
 
 Texas. Municipal Engineering, xlvii, 275-278 (i9i4)* 
 
 Includes tables. 
 
 5/. Albans ^^^°^^ 
 
 Renner, C. J. The experience of a small city with water meters 
 
 and water rates. American City, xi, 474-478 (1915). 
 
 Illustrated with tables and charts. 
 
 « ^„ Washington 
 
 Seattle 
 
 Ross, J. D. Seattle, Wash., municipal light and power plant. 
 
 Municipal Engineering, xliv, 556-560 (1913). 
 
 Includes the schedule of rates. 
 
 Spokane 
 
 Marks, W. D. Recapitulation of report on gas rates and prices 
 for the city of Spokane. {In Practical rate making and ap- 
 praisement. South Hadley, 1914 ?) 11-59. 
 A detailed study, with tables of statistics. 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 Cravath, J. R. Demand and diversity factors and their influ- 
 ence on rates. Electrical World, Ivi, 567-570 (1910). 
 
 A good discussion, with tables compiled by the Wisconsin commission; 
 semi-technical. 
 
 Holmes, F. L. Regulation of railroads and public utilities in 
 
 Wisconsin. New York, 191 5. 375 pp. 
 
 Ch. X. Making of utility rates. 
 
 xii. Electric, gas and heating utilities, 
 xiv. Water utiUties. 
 
 A good account of the practice of the Wisconsin commission, with many 
 quotations from decisions. 
 
 Mathews, G. C. Wisconsin water rates. Public Service Regu- 
 lation, i, 33-35 (191 2). 
 
 Discussion of the methods and procedure used. 
 
 Miller, W. E. Ashland water rate decision explained. Engi- 
 neering Record, bod, 805-807 (191 5). 
 
 On decisions of the Wisconsin commission refusing to accept 4 per cent 
 as an adequate return, and revising rates. 
 
 Stearns, R. B. The Milwaukee fare case. Proc, American 
 Electric Railway Association, 191 2: 234-244. 
 Discussion of a decision of the Wisconsin commission. 
 
 Watkins, G. p. Electrical rates in the opinions of the Wisconsin 
 commission. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxvii, 373-378 
 
 (1913)- 
 
 Madison 
 
 Heim, J. B. Meter rates. Proc, American Waterworks Associ- 
 ation, xxiv, 251-267 (1904). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 277-289. An account of a rate controversy in Madison; 
 includes an elaborate table of waterworks statistics and charges in 
 various American cities. 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Doolittle, F. W. The Milwaukee experiment. {In Studies in 
 the cost of urban transportation service. New York, 1916.) 
 
 439-467. 
 
 An excellent study of traction franchise and fare history in Milwaukee. 
 
 Miller, W. E. Charges for public water service to private fire 
 protection systems. Proc, American Waterworks Associ- 
 ation, xxxiii, 1 15-125 (1913). 
 A discussion of the charges in Milwaukee. 
 
 Stearns, R. B. 2k>ne system of fares in practice. Electric Rail- 
 way Journal, xlv, 836-838 (191 5). 
 
 A good analysis of the results of six months' operation in Milwaukee, 
 illustrated with two charts. 
 
 Platteville 
 
 Butterworth, W. C. The cost and price of gas in a small city. 
 American Gas Light Journal, cii, 180-183 (191 5). 
 
 An elaborate tabular comparison of the cost and rates for gas in Platte- 
 ville, with some discussion. 
 
266 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 RATES 
 
 267 
 
 Canada 
 
 Bolton, R. P. Cheap electricity in Toronto. Concerning Mu- 
 nicipal Ownership, ix, 8-10 (191 6). 
 Supplementary to " Our interest in Canadian operations." 
 
 Favoritism in rates. Concerning Municipal Ownership, 
 
 viii, 278-281 (1915). 
 
 Supplementary to " Our interest in Canadian operations." 
 
 Christie, A. G. Calgary's municipal power plant. Power, 
 
 xliii, 352-357, 389-390 (1916). 
 
 Chiefly descriptive, but includes brief discussion of rates and operation. 
 Illustrated with diagrams and photographs. 
 
 Robinson, S. C. What would be a proper charge for a service 
 under these conditions ? Proc, American Waterworks Asso- 
 ciation, xxviii, 545-547 (1908). 
 
 A very brief discussion of rates for private fire protection at Walkerville, 
 Ontario. 
 
 Sara, R. A. Another municipal electric plant supplying lighting 
 current at three cents per kw.-hr. Engineering News, bmi, 
 
 655-^556 (1914). 
 
 Brief account of the Winnipeg plant, with tables of rates and operating 
 statistics. 
 
 France 
 
 Dary, Georges. The charges for electrical energy supply in 
 France. Electrical Review (London), bdi, 104 5-1046, 1086 
 (1908). 
 A discussion of the electric rates in various cities. 
 
 « 
 
 Germany 
 
 DeFodor, Etienne. Rates for electricity supply. Trans., 
 International Electrical Congress, ii, 500-512 (1904). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 512-517. General discussion; including rates in Ger- 
 man cities. 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 Clark, W. J. British municipal tramway conditions. Aera, i, 
 658-664 (1913). 
 
 The writer concludes that British tramway fares are but little below 
 ours, and without question unprofitable. 
 
 Davies, F. H. British central station rates. Electrical World, 
 Iv, 628-629 (1910). 
 
 A brief but interesting discussion of the various rates in use in England. 
 
 Rider, J. H. Charges for supply from combined lighting and 
 
 traction stations. Electrical Engineer, new series, xxxvi, 
 
 24-26 (1905). 
 
 An analysis of costs, with tables of rates charged in various English 
 cities. 
 
 Seabrook, a. H. An English central station rate system. 
 
 Electrical World, liv, 919-921 (1909). 
 
 A proposed schedule of electric rates for the Borough of St. Marylebone, 
 with suggested tables of rates and discussion. 
 
 ToppiN, W A. The present tendency of charging for electricity. 
 
 Electrical Review (London), Ix, 945-947 (1907). 
 
 A discussion of the lack of uniformity of rates in English towns, with 
 a tabulation of rates and reasons for the recent changes in each. 
 
 Yerbury, H. E. Equitable charges for tramway supply. Jour- 
 nal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, xliv, 576-600 
 (1910). 
 
 Discussion : pp. 606-663. Includes rate elements, tables of rates charged 
 in Great Britain and charts. 
 
 Tramway and Railway World, xxvii, 108-111 (1910), 
 
 Discussion: pp. 111-112. Abstract. 
 
 Italy 
 
 Semenza, Guido. Methods of charging for electric motive 
 power. Proc., National Electric Light Association, 1907: 
 vol. i, 520-532. 
 On the methods in use in Italy; technical, with formulae and charts. 
 
 RATE SCHEDULES 
 
 General Works 
 
 Adahs, a. D. Meter rents and minimum rates. Electrical 
 
 World, Iv, 525-527 (1910). 
 
 A brief account of the law in various places — statutory, and court and 
 commission decisions. 
 
i 
 
 
 268 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Bauer, John. Returns on public service properties. Political 
 Science Quarterly, xxx, 106-133 (191 s)« 
 
 On rate making principles, railroad rates being emphasized. Mimicipal 
 utility rates are discussed, pp. 107-112. 
 
 Beale, J. H., and Wyman, Bruce. General principles governing 
 compensation. {In Railroad rate regulation. 2d edition. 
 New York, 1915.) 177-208. 
 
 An annotated study of the legal principles underlying schedules of rates 
 as a whole. Refers only to raihx)ads, but is of general interest. 
 
 Blue, F. K. The practical application of the self-adjusting 
 standard for rate fixing. Journal of Electricity, Power and 
 Gas, xxx, 386-389, 403-404 (1913)- 
 
 Supplementary to his " The public and public service corporations." 
 Technical, with a table and illustrative examples. 
 
 The public and public service corporations. Journal of 
 
 Electricity, Power and Gas, xxix, 483-484 (1912). 
 
 Outlines of a proposed method of automatically controlling rate level 
 and rate of return. 
 
 Rate fixing and appraisals: automatically directed method 
 
 of rate fixing and price control. Journal of Electricity, Power 
 
 and Gas, xxix, 500-501 (191 2). 
 
 Supplementary to his " The public and public service corporations." 
 
 Cooley, M. E. Factors determining a reasonable charge for 
 public utility service. Trans., American Institute of Elec- 
 trical Engineers, xxxii, 2077-2095 (1913). 
 
 A general discussion of valuation and other elements used in determining 
 upon a schedule of rates as a whole. 
 
 Journal of the Western Society of Engineers, xix, 
 
 1-17 (1914). 
 
 Public Service, xvi, 45-46, 60-62, 97-98, 12^130 
 
 (1914). 
 Abstract. 
 
 DoHERTY, H. L. Methods of charging for public service. Public 
 Service, x, 9-12 (191 1), 
 
 Erickson, Halford. Some facts relating to depreciation and 
 rate making. Electrical Review and Western Electrician, 
 bdv, 234-238 (1914). 
 Elementary. 
 
 RATES 
 
 269 
 
 FooTE, A. R. Cost of service to users and tax payers. {In 
 Municipal public service industries. Chicago, 1899.) 211- 
 
 247. 
 
 A brief discussion of methods of charging, and comparison of prices. 
 
 Cost of service to users and taxpayers: the only proper 
 
 basis for comparisons between private and municipal owner- 
 ship of water, gas and electric lightmg works. Cincinnati, 
 1897. 100 pp. 
 
 Hamilton, Stacy. A r6sum6 and comparison of rate theories. 
 Journal of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxxiii, 357-361, 384- 
 
 387 (1914)- 
 
 Discussion: pp. 387-394. " Discusses some of the good and bad fea- 
 tures of various rate theories and schedules, particularly as mter- 
 preted in the ligl^t of commission decisions." 
 
 An excellent analysis, with citations for each kind of rate. 
 
 Haney, L. H. Joint costs with especial regard to railways. 
 Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxx, 233-252 (1916). 
 A very theoretical and thorough treatment of the subject, of interest 
 for all public utilities. 
 
 Holmes, F. L. Regulation of railroads and public utilities in 
 Wisconsm. New York, 1915. 375 PP- 
 
 Ch. X. Makmg of utility rates. 
 
 xii. Electric, gas and heating utilities. 
 3dv. Water utilities. 
 
 A good account of the principles of rate making, in the form of a com- 
 mentary on the practice of the Wisconsin commission. 
 
 HoxiE, G. L. Some features of rate fixing for electric public 
 
 service properties. Journal of Electricity, Power and Gas, 
 
 xxviii, 397-399 (1912). 
 Kelsay, G. H. The cost and sale of power by railways. Street 
 
 Railway Journal, xxix, 207-209 (1907)- 
 
 A discussion of the cost factors which should be included, and as to 
 whether the sale of power is desirable; semi-technical. 
 
 The cost and sale of railway power. Electric Railway 
 
 Review, xvii, 126-129 (1907)- 
 
270 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Lawler, J. C. A schedule of rates involving the investment 
 cost of reaching the consumer. Electrical Worid, Ivii, 1562- 
 1565 (1911). 
 
 A technical discussion of the proposed schedule, with illustrative ex- 
 amples and tables. 
 
 Randolph, L. S. The ethics of allowance for depreciation. 
 
 Engineering Magazine, xxxix, 692-696 (1910). 
 
 On the various methods of allowing for depreciation in rates, and their 
 results. 
 
 Rate Research, Chicago, 191 2 — ; weekly. 
 
 Published by the Rate research committee, National electric light asso- 
 ciation. Contains abstracts and comments on decisions and articles. 
 
 Raymond, W. G. Rate making for public utilities. Iowa City, 
 1914. 10 pp. 
 
 State University of Iowa, Extension division bulletin, no. 2. 
 An elementary and popular account of rate making principles. 
 
 Municipal Engineering, xlvi, 520-525 (1914). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Suggestions for public utility rate making. Engineering 
 
 News, Ixxi, 510-512 (1914). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Rice, Frederick, Jr. Are public service charges too low ? 
 Moody's Magazine, iv, 585-587 (1907). 
 
 RiCKARDS, A. E. Purchased power: its advantages versus its 
 cost. Electrical Review and Western Electrician, Ixi, 540-543 
 (1912). 
 
 An attempt to show that the largest customers can be obtained on the 
 basis of service advantages rather than cost. 
 
 Strait, E. N. Wisconsin conmiission method of rate making. 
 Gas Age, xxxv, 263-268 (1915). 
 
 Describes the " mechanical procedure " by which gas and electric rates 
 are derived. Includes illustrative tables and one chart. 
 
 Taussig, F. W. A contribution to the theory of railway rates. 
 
 Quarterly Journal of Economics, v, 438-465 (1891). 
 
 A good, but highly theoretical, article on the influence of jomt costs and 
 value of service on rates. 
 
 RATES 
 
 271 
 
 Taussig, F. W., and Pigou, A. C. Railway rates and joint cost. 
 Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxvii, 535-538 (1913). 
 A continuation of the discussion in Taussig's " Railway rates and joint 
 cost once more." 
 
 Railway rates and joint cost once more. Quarterly Journal 
 
 of Economics, xxvii, 378-384 (191 3). 
 
 A discussion of A. C. Pigou, " Wealth and welfare," and a reply to 
 Pigou 's criticism of Taussig. 
 
 Wilcox, N. T. Some reasons for difference in price for different 
 electric services. Public Service, x, 178-179 (191 1). 
 
 Wyer, S. S. Principles governing cost of utility services. (In 
 
 Regulation, valuation and depreciation of public utilities. 
 
 Columbus, 1913.) 184-202. 
 
 Composed largely of classified quotations from books, articles and 
 cases. A thorough analysis of costs and rates. 
 
 Reasonableness and legal right of the " minimum charge " 
 
 in public utility services. Columbus, 1916. 113 pp. 
 An excellent compilation, including a brief discussion, largely in the 
 form of quotations from articles and cases. 
 
 Electric 
 Abell, H. C. Rates for electric service. Electrical World, Iviii, 
 
 345-347 (1911)- 
 
 An account of the procedure used in an actual case in preparing a sched- 
 ule of electric rates; includes one chart. 
 
 Adams, A. D. Rates for hydroelectric service. Electrical World, 
 
 Iv, 354-356 (1910)- 
 
 A non-technical discussion of the reasons for the very low rates offered 
 by ten companies. 
 
 Allison, J. E. Analysis of the rate calculations for electric 
 light and power. St. Louis ? 191 1 ? 39 pp. 
 Report to St. Louis public service conmiission. 
 Criticism of certain forms of rates. Technical, with formulae and charts. 
 
 Rate calculations for electric light and power. St. Louis ? 
 
 191 1 ? 24 pp. 
 
 Report to St. Louis public service commission. 
 
 An answer to criticisms of his " Analysis of the rate calculations for 
 electric light and power." 
 
272 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Ashley, H. W. Public policy and legal regulation of central 
 station charges. Engineering Magazine, xlvi, 545-546 (1914). 
 A brief arraignment of public utilities for using wholesale electric rates. 
 For a reply, see R. D. De Wolf, " Electric central station rates." 
 
 Public service electric rates. Practical Engineering, xviii, 
 
 877-879 (1914). 
 
 Theories of electric current rate schedules. Engineering 
 
 Magazine, xlviii, 86-88 (1914). 
 
 The writer opposes low wholesale rates as being inequitable on the 
 basis of actual cost. 
 
 See a criticism by C. S. Reid and a defense by H. D. Jackson, under the 
 same title. 
 
 Baker, C. A. The influence of tariffs on electricity supply. 
 
 Electrical Review (London), 1, 458-459, 534-535 (1902). 
 
 A thorough study of the eflfect of the form of electric rates upon the 
 load factor and financial results; with tables of statistics from many 
 English cities. The writer concludes that the flat rate " is the only 
 one at present in general use which may be considered satisfactory 
 all round to both consumer and producer." See reply by J. R. Dick, 
 with same title. 
 
 Barham, a. W. The problem of the small consumer. Electri- 
 cian, Ixxii, 1076-1077 (1914). 
 
 On the form of electric rates desirable for the small consumer; semi- 
 technical. 
 
 Baum, F. G. The best control of public utilities. Trans., Amer- 
 ican Institute of Electrical Engineers, xxxiv, 145-167 (1915). 
 The writer advocates class rates to avoid the appearance of discrimina- 
 tion, and a liberal rate of return to secure extensions. Includes charts 
 and formulae; non-technical. 
 
 Stone and Webster Public Service Journal, xvi, 100- 
 
 iio (1915). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Class rates for light and power systems or territories. 
 
 Trans., American Institute of Electrical Engineers, xxxiv, 
 
 1693-1713 (1915). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 17 14-17 29. The writer advocates uniform rates for 
 each class of service throughout a territory, with a sliding scale 
 for quantity, thus avoiding any appearance of discrimination. Eight 
 diflFerent classes of service are suggested. Technical, with charts and 
 diagrams; very good paper. 
 
 RATES 
 
 273 
 
 Beckjord, W. C. Rates for electric service. Electrical Review 
 and Western Electrician, Ixviii, 1073-1075 (1916). 
 Brief analysis of various forms of rates, with charts and tables. 
 
 Betts, G. W. Legal justification for differential rates. Proc, 
 National Electric Light Association, 1907: vol. i, 189-201. 
 Discussion: pp. 201-205. Citation and discussion of the cases; semi- 
 technical; good. 
 
 Borden, S. W. A safe energy rate for small central stations. 
 Electrical World, Ivi, 869-871 (1910). 
 
 BowDEN, J. H., and Tait, Fred. Equitable charging for the 
 supply of energy by mimicipal electricity undertakings. 
 Electrical Review (London), lix, 323-324 (1906). 
 Includes illustrative examples. 
 
 The standardization of tariffs. Electrician, Ixxiii, 446-448, 
 
 457-458 (1914). 
 
 A detailed outline of a proposed standard method, dispensing with 
 diversity factor and load factor. 
 
 Brandeis, L. D. Central power station rates: a legal opinion. 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. 6, 4-8 (1916). 
 
 Briggs, W. W. Proposed dividend type domestic service rate. 
 Electrical World, Ixviii, 850-853 (1916). 
 Includes tables and a sample schedule. 
 
 BuLLARD, J. E. Rate systems from the central station solicitor's 
 viewpoint. Electrical World, Ix, 1042-1045 (1912). 
 Includes tables and charts. 
 
 BuRNAND, W. E. Low rates and the development of the central 
 station service. Electrical World, lix, 261-263 (1912). 
 
 " A suggested schedule involving central station control of customers' 
 meters, transferring them to a higher rate only at times of extraordi- 
 nary peak loads." 
 
 Burnett, H. R. The costs of electricity supply and their rela- 
 tion to scales of charges. Electrical Engineer, new series, xl, 
 
 9-12 (1907). 
 Technical; with charts. 
 
 Chappelle, C. C. Some problems of rate making. Public Ser- 
 vice, xiv, 57-59 (1913)- 
 
V|#li 
 
 ii 
 
 274 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Collier, W. R. The sale of current to municipally owned dis- 
 tributing systems by central stations. Electrical Review and 
 Western Electrician, Ixvii, 890-893 (191 5). 
 
 Embodies the results of a study in Georgia, illustrated with tables and 
 charts. 
 
 CoNKLiN, L. H. Rates for electric service. Electrical Worid, 
 bdi, 1167 (1913). 
 
 Cooper, M. D. The history and economics of central station 
 rate making. Wisconsin Engineer, xv, 107-116 (1910). 
 Includes many citations of articles. 
 
 Corson, F. H. Industrial power supply from municipal stations. 
 Electrical Review (London), lix, 123-124 (1906). 
 
 A discussion of very low power rates to compete with more modem 
 private plants. 
 
 Cowan, E. W. The price of electricity. Electrician, Ixv, 895- 
 ^97, 932-933 (1910)- 
 
 The writer opposes demand rates, in spite of equity, and believes rates 
 should be adapted to what the traffic will bear; includes charts. 
 
 Crapper, E. H. Methods of charging for electrical energy. 
 Electrician, ix, 330-332 (1903)- 
 
 ElectricalEngineer, new series, xxxiii, II 7-1 24 (1904). 
 
 Cravath, J. R. Demand and diversity factors and their influ- 
 ence on rates. Electrical World, Ivi, 567-570 (1910). 
 
 A good discussion, with tables compiled by the Wisconsin commission; 
 semi-technical. 
 
 Day, Charles. A constructive policy for public service cor- 
 porations. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, Ivii, 83-93 (191 5) • 
 
 Good outline of policies for utility management, including a discussion 
 of the advantages of three-part electric rates. Somewhat elementary. 
 
 De Fodor, Etienne. Rates for electricity supply. Trans., 
 International Electrical Congress, ii, 500-512 (1904). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 512-517. General discussion; including rates in Ger- 
 man cities. 
 
 RATES 
 
 27s 
 
 De Wolf, R. D. Electric central station rates. Engineering 
 
 Magazine, xlvi, 959-961 (1914). 
 
 A brief argument for three-part and wholesale rates. 
 A criticism of H. W. Ashley, " Public policy and legal regulation of 
 central station charges." 
 
 Dick, J. R. The influence of tariffs on electricity supply. Elec- 
 trical Review (London), 1, 673 (1902). 
 A reply to an article by C. A. Baker, with the same title. 
 
 DoHERTY, H. L. Equitable, uniform and competitive rates. 
 
 Proc, National Electric Light Association, 1900: 291-321. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 322-343. An excellent, thorough discussion of various 
 electric rates, with a proposed modified form of electric rate; techni- 
 cal. Includes tables and charts, with illustrative examples. 
 
 The rate question. American Gas Light Journal, Ixxiv, 
 
 171-172 (1901). 
 
 A discussion of flat and meter rates for electricity. 
 
 Dow, Alex. The art of rate making. Electrical World, Ixv, 
 
 17-18 (1915). 
 
 A good elementary article on electric rate schedules as a whole. 
 
 Dreyeus, E. D. Some notes on the large power rate. Electrical 
 Review and Western Electrician, bdv, 419-423 (1914). 
 Semi-technical, with charts. 
 
 Druar, J. F. Rates and rate making. Journal of the Association 
 of Engineering Societies, 1, 221-233 (^9^3)- 
 Elementary. 
 
 Edmondson, W. H. a mechanical computer for electric energy 
 rates. Electrical World, lix, 1391-1392 (191 2). 
 A brief accoimt of a slide rule, with illustrative charts and a cut. 
 
 Einstein, A. C. Central station rate schedules for retail cus- 
 tomers. Electrical World, Ivi, 1077-1079 (1910). 
 A good discussion of hours'-use rates; with illustrative forms. 
 
 Eisenmenger, H. E. The computation of the cost of current. 
 Electrical Review and Western Electrician, Ixv, 335-339 
 
 (1914). 
 
 A theoretical and highly technical study, with charts and formulae. 
 
iil 
 
 276 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 EiSENMENGER, H. E. Graphical analysis of the St. Louis resi- 
 dence rates. Electrical World, lix, 644-645 (1912). 
 Highly technical and theoretical. 
 
 Some geometrical aspects of the three-charge-rate system. 
 Electrical Review and Western Electrician, Iviii, 280-287 
 332-336,384-387(1911). 
 Technical and theoretical; with many diagrams. 
 
 Space representation of central station rates. Electrical 
 World, Iviii, 1126-1132 (1911). 
 
 An analytical and graphical study of central station rates and their 
 
 representation in space by means of points on planes. 
 Highly technical and theoretical; with many diagrams. 
 
 The theoretical basis of the multiple rate system. Elec- 
 trical World, bd, 1085-1091 (1913). 
 
 Ellis, R. L. Rates for electricity. Engineering Magazine, xliii, 
 227-233 (1912). 
 
 A good, non-technical discussion of various forms of electric rates with 
 special consideration of the Hopkinson rate. 
 
 Emckson, Halford. Electric Kghting and power rates. Annals 
 of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, liii 
 238-250 (1914). 
 
 An excellent elementary account of how electric rates are made, with 
 illustrative examples. 
 
 Makmg rates for electric current. Public Service, xi, no- 
 121 (1911). 
 
 Making rates for electric plants. Public Service Regula- 
 tion, i, 579-585 (1912). 
 
 Regulation of public utilities : three discussions. Madison, 
 191 1. 66 pp. 
 
 Rates for electric current: pp. 3-18. 
 
 EssoN, W. B. Principles and profits in electrical supply. Elec- 
 trician, xlviii, 419-421 (1902). 
 
 A reply to Arthur Wright, " Some principles underlying the profitable 
 sale of electnaty." 
 
 The writer beheves the maximum demand method erroneous and pro- 
 poses a substitute. 
 
 RATES 
 
 277 
 
 Fernie, F. Diversity factors. Electrician, bd, 556-557 (1908). 
 Very technical, with formulae and examples. 
 
 FowLE, F. F. Discrimination in central station rates. Engi- 
 neering Magazine, xli, 406-415 (191 1). 
 
 On three-part electric rates, and the desirability of rigid rate regulation. 
 Interesting and non-technical. 
 
 Fowler, C. P. Some fundamental principles underlying the 
 
 sale of electrical energy. Electrical World, 1, 45^-459 (iQO?)' 
 A good, semi-technical discussion, with illustrative examples. 
 
 Gear, H. B. Diversity factor. Trans., American Institute of 
 Electrical Engineers, xxix, 375-384 (19 10). 
 
 Diversity factor in the distribution of electric light and 
 
 power. Journal of the Western Society of Engineers, xv, 
 
 572-581 (1910). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 581-586. A very good technical discussion of the e£fect 
 on costs and operation; with charts and diagrams. 
 
 GiLLE, H. J. Public service corporation rates. Stone and Web- 
 ster Public Service Journal, ii, 740-744 (1908). 
 
 Goldman, O. B. The multiplex cost and rate system. Journal 
 of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxxiv, 526-529 (1915). 
 A highly technical study of cost factors and the development of a rate 
 system based thereon; with formulae. 
 
 Gordon, J. B. An equitable sliding scale for rates of electric 
 power. Engineering News, bdii, 396-397 (1910). 
 Includes formulae, tables and charts. Technical. 
 
 Grambs, W. J. Notes on rate making. Journal of Electricity, 
 Power and Gas, xxv, 229-234 (1910). 
 
 A good elementary discussion of principles; with charts and illustrative 
 examples. 
 
 Hale, R. S. Price of electricity. Electrical Review and Western 
 Electrician, Ivi, 844-846, 896-898 (1910). 
 
 Hanson, A. C. Tariffs for electric motive power. Electrical 
 Review (London), Ix, 701-702 (1907). 
 
 Herrick, C. L. Labor costs and load factor in central station 
 practice. Electrical Review and Western Electrician, lix, 
 423-425 (1911). 
 
278 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 HoADLEY,E.E. Tariff alterations. Electrical Review (London), 
 
 Ixiii, 395-396 (1908). 
 
 The writer favors flat rates for electricity in connection with metal 
 filament lamps. 
 
 HoAG, S. A. A system of rates for electric light and power and 
 its application. Journal of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxv, 
 274-279 (1910). 
 Discusses various forms of electric rates; non-technical. 
 
 Ives, A. S. Factors in rate making. Electrical Worid, Ixv, 655- 
 657, 783-786, 987-989 (191 5). 
 
 An excellent and comprehensive discussion of various forms of rates 
 and the influence of different factors on costs. Semi-technical, in- 
 cluding tables and suggested forms. 
 
 Jackson, H. D. Discrimination in rates for electricity. Power, 
 xxxix, 462-463 (19 14). 
 
 An interesting discussion of the relation between light and power 
 charges, the writer maintaining that the small lighting consumer is 
 discriminated against. Includes one chart; non-technical. 
 
 Rates for electricity. Engineering Magazine, xliv, 326-334 
 
 (1912). 
 
 A plea for lower lighting rates for the small consumer, based upon 
 alleged inequity of low wholesale rates. With charts; non-technical. 
 
 Theories of electric current rate schedules. Engineering 
 
 Magazine, xlviii, 728-731 (1915). 
 
 A discussion of the articles with the same title by H. W. Ashley and 
 C. S. Reid, the writer defending Ashley's position. 
 
 Kennard, E. G. Comparative costs of gas and electric lighting. 
 Electrical Engineer, new series, xxxix, 540-542, 573-576, 612- 
 615 (1907). 
 A thorough and highly technical study, with many charts and tables. 
 
 Kennedy, S. M. Justification of deviations in rates for electric 
 service. Public Service, xiv, 13-14, 22 (1913). 
 
 KiEFER, P. J. Central station rate making. Power, xlii, 268- 
 270 (1905). 
 
 Analysis of costs and rate making principles, with an illustrative ex- 
 ample; semi-technical. 
 
 RATES 
 
 279 
 
 Knowlton, H. S. Labor costs in central stations. Engineering 
 Magazine, xxxvii, 948-954 (1909). 
 
 An analysis of the working results of nine plants; includes tables and 
 a diart. 
 
 Lackie, W. W. Tariffs for electrical energy, with particular 
 reference to domestic tariffs. Journal of the Institution of 
 Electrical Engineers, xlix, 147-158 (191 2). 
 Technical; theoretical. 
 
 Lawler, J. C. A schedule of rates involving the investment cost 
 of reaching the consiuner. Electrical World, Ivii, 1 562-1 565 
 (1911). 
 
 Lee, C. W. Free signs and flat rates. Proc., National Electric 
 
 Light Association, 1905: vol. i, 351-358. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 355-366. A very good discussion of rates for commer- 
 cial lighting to secure new business. 
 
 Lincoln, P. M. Rates and rate making. Trans., American In- 
 stitute of Electrical Engineers, xxxiv, 2279-2318 (1915). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 2319-2360. Includes an account of the necessity for 
 recognizing load factor. Largely a description of various measuring 
 devices. 
 
 Lloyd, E. W., Howlett, C. A. S., and Waring, J. M. S. Rela- 
 tion of load factor to power costs. Journal of the Western 
 Society of Engineers, xiv, 241-250 (1909). 
 Discussion: pp. 241-250. Technical, with charts. 
 
 MacPherson, H. H. Rates and the use of rates. Electrical 
 World, lii, 746-747 (1908). 
 On the use of flat rates for gas and electricity. 
 
 Marks, W. D. The cost of electricity. Electrical World, Ivi, 
 265-269 (1910). 
 Supplementary to his " The price of electricity." 
 
 The price of electricity. Electrical World, liv, 555-559 
 
 (1909)- 
 
 An interesting technical argument for the use of the Marks sliding scale; 
 includes tables and charts of Massachusetts experience, and formulae. 
 
 if,,- 
 
 '%\ , 
 
m 
 
 280 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Nash, L. R. Demand electric rates as affected by commission 
 regulation. Stone and Webster Public Service Journal, xv, 
 432-437 (1914)- 
 
 Lists, by states, the leading commission cases on the subject with brief 
 r^sumfe. 
 
 Some commercial considerations in central station rate 
 
 making. Boston, 191 5. 14 pp. 
 Non-technical. 
 
 Nicholas, Frederic. Tendencies in central station rate making. 
 Electrical World, Ixvi, 907-909 (191 5). 
 Account of an interview with W. W. Freeman. 
 
 NoRSA, Renzo. Diversity factor and fixed charges. Electrical 
 Review and Western Electrician, lix, 1281-1285 (1911). 
 A very good, semi-technical study. 
 
 Norton, W. J. Approval of demand rates by public service 
 commissions. Electrical Review and Western Electrician, 
 Ixv, 960-961 (1914). 
 States briefly the attitude of the commissions in various states. 
 
 The form of electric rates. Electrical World, bdv, 20 (1914). 
 
 Palmer, Ray. Municipal lighting rates. Annals of the Ameri- 
 can Academy of Political and Social Science, Ivii, 33-44 
 (1915). 
 
 Discussion of how to compare electric lighting rates of different cities; 
 includes tables of electric rates in Chicago, with some discussion. 
 
 Street lighting rates and cost factors. American City, xi, 
 
 462-466 (1914). 
 
 Abstract of his " Municipal lighting rates." 
 
 Perry, F. B. A method for determining rates and prices for 
 
 electric power. Trans., American Society of Mechanical 
 
 Engineers, XXV, 120-133 (1903). 
 
 A very technical discussion of step rates with suggested improvements 
 in power rates. Includes formulae, charts and illustrative examples. 
 
 POLAKOV, W. N. Cost of electricity. Utilities Magazine, i, no. 8, 
 5-9 (1916). 
 An analysis and classification of cost factors; with charts. 
 
 RATES 
 
 281 
 
 Reed, W. E. The cost of arc lighting and general service from 
 mediimi and small municipal or private plants. Trans., 
 American Institute of Electrical Engineers, xxx, 1121-1133 
 (1911). 
 A technical analytical comparison of costs and rates. 
 
 Reid, C. S. Theories of electric current rate schedules. Engi- 
 neering Magazine, xlviii, 392-395 (1914). 
 
 A reply to H. W. Ashley, " Theories of electric current rate schedules." 
 See also H. D. Jackson, " Theories of electric current rate schedules." 
 
 Rider, J. H. Charges for supply from combined lighting and 
 
 traction stations. Electrical Engineer, new series, xxxvi, 24- 
 
 26 (1905). 
 
 An analysis of costs, with tables of rates charged in various English 
 cities. 
 
 Roberts, J. L. Charges for electrical energy. Electrical World, 
 
 1", 747-749 (1908). 
 
 On the " rating " of various consumers; elementary but good. 
 
 Russell, S. A. Electric power supply tariffs. Electrical Review 
 (London), Ixiv, 157-158 (1909). 
 A discussion of principles, with illustrative examples. 
 
 Ryan, W. T. Systems of charging for electrical energy. Engi- 
 neering Magazine, xxxvii, 47-54 (1909). 
 An elementary comparison of nine different systems. 
 
 ScHARPF, M. R. " Low rates to large users." Stone and Web- 
 ster Journal, xviii, 481-484 (1916). 
 
 Seabrook, a. H. An English central station rate system. Elec- 
 trical World, liv, 919-921 (1909). 
 
 A proposed schedule of electric rates for the Borough of St. Marylebone, 
 with suggested tables of rates and discussion. 
 
 Semenza, Gumo. Methods of charging for electric motive 
 power. Proc, National Electric Light Association, 1907: 
 vol. i, 520-532. 
 On the methods in use in Italy; technical, with formulae and charts. 
 
 Sharp, E. E. Equity vs. expediency: a tariff question. Elec- 
 trical Review (London), Ixiv, 698-699 (1909). 
 The writer opposes demand rates and favors two-flat-rate systems. 
 
 
282 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 RATES 
 
 283 
 
 m 
 
 Shawfield, C. E. C. Cheap power supply by municipalities. 
 Electrical Engineer, new series, xxxix, 899 (1907). 
 On electric power rates; semi-technical, with charts. 
 
 Shuster, T. W. Rates and methods of charging. American Gas 
 Light Journal, Ixxviii, 211 (1903). 
 An outline of the various forms of electric rates. 
 
 Sinclair, Alexander. Load factor: its eflFect upon an elec- 
 tricity station. Electrician, Iv, 411-414 (1905). 
 Technical, with charts and tables. 
 
 Sines, H. S. The effect of central station rates on new business. 
 Electrical Review and Western Electrician, Ix, 843-845 (1912). 
 A good, semi-technical discussion; with load curves. 
 
 Snell, J. F. C. Cost of electrical power for industrial purposes. 
 Electrical Review (London), Ixii, 155-158 (1908). 
 Discussion: pp. 158-159, 201-203. Abstract. 
 
 Spencer, C. J. The determination of central station rates. 
 
 Electrical World and Engineer, xl, 813 (1902). 
 
 Discussion of several systems of rates; includes one chart. Very brief 
 and elementary, but good. 
 
 Spohrer, H. H. Electric rates. Electrical Review and Western 
 Electrician, Ix, 747-748 (191 2). 
 
 On a new schedule of electric rates adopted by the Union electric light 
 and power company of St. Louis, with some discussion; technical. 
 
 Storer, S. B. The sale and measurement of electric power. 
 Street Railway Journal, xxvii, 1018-1023 (1906). 
 Technical, with charts. 
 
 SwoBODA, H. O. An analysis of electric cooking. Electrical 
 Review and Western Electrician, box, 670-675 (1916). 
 
 Comprehensive discussion, including analysis of costs and extensive 
 tables relating to the rates charged by companies all over the United 
 States. 
 
 ToppiN, W. A. Supply by meter, or contract ? Electrical Re- 
 view (London), bdv, 403-404 (1909). 
 
 A good elementary discussion of controlled flat rates versus meter rates 
 for the small consumer. 
 
 ToPPiN, W. A. Systems of charging for electricity supply. 
 
 Electrical Engineer, new series, xxxix, 42-44 (1907). 
 
 A discussion of various kinds of rates, with an outline of a suggested 
 form. 
 
 Tweedy, E. F. Central station's load factors. Electrical World, 
 lix, 258-260 (1912). 
 On the desirability of various kinds of loads; with a table and two charts. 
 
 Vesey-Brown, C. S. Electric power tariffs. Cassier's Maga- 
 zine, xxxii, 304-311 (1907). 
 A technical study, with tables and illustrative examples. 
 
 Wallis, L. R. The foresee (4-c) system of charging. Proc., 
 National Electric Light Association, 1901 : 34-50- 
 
 Discussion: pp. 50-51. A good discussion of electric rates, with special 
 attention to the "foresee" (capacity charge and current charge) 
 system. Includes illustrative table and charts. 
 
 For a reply, see Arthur Wright, " Central station tariff system." 
 
 Watkins, G. p. Electrical rates: the load factor and the den- 
 sity factor. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxx, 519-54S 
 (1916). 
 An excellent semi-technical study; with charts. 
 
 Whitehorne, E. E. The value of the poor man's business. 
 
 Electrical World, Ixvii, 201-203 (1916). 
 
 Popular account of the use of controlled flat rates in various cities; 
 illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Wilcox, N. T. Some reasons for differences in price for different 
 services. Proc, National Electric Light Association, 191 1: 
 vol. i, 325-328. 
 Semi-technical. 
 
 Wholesale rates for central station service. Stone and 
 
 Webster Public Service Journal, iv, 241-243 (1909). 
 
 Wright, Arthur. Central station tariff system. Electrical 
 World and Engineer, xxxviii, 60-61 (1901). 
 A reply to L. R. Wallis, " The foresee (4-c) system of charging." 
 
284 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Wright, Arthur. Some principles underiying the profitable 
 sale of electricity. Electrician, xlviii, 347-350, 378-382, 43a- 
 433 (1901-1902). 
 
 Paper before Institution of electrical engineers. 
 
 A thorough, technical discussion of various forms of electric rates with 
 tables and charts. The writer strongly favors the maximum demand 
 method. 
 
 For a reply, see W. B. Esson, " Principles and profits in electrical 
 supply." 
 
 Gas 
 
 BuLLARD, J. E. Gas rates: flat rate unfair to company and 
 
 consumer. American Gas Light Journal, ci, 337-339 (1914). 
 
 A very good discussion of various kinds of rates, with tables and charts; 
 semi-technical. 
 
 Clark, J. M. Rates for public utiKUes. American Economic 
 Review, i, 473-487 (191 1). 
 
 An interesting argument for the use of more scientific rate schedules for 
 gas and telephone service. 
 
 Cory, C. L. Rate fixing and appraisal. Journal of Electricity, 
 Power and Gas, xxix, 382-383, 407-409, 433-434, 463-465 
 (1912). 
 
 Paper before Pacific coast gas association. 
 
 On some of the principles of gas rate making; includes a practical ex- 
 ample and tables. 
 
 For a reply, see A. C. Humphreys, " PubUc service rate making." 
 
 Reasonable gas rates and their determination. Progressive 
 
 Age, XXX, 964-968 (1912). 
 
 Paper before Pacific coast gas association. 
 
 DeFrese, S. E. Equitable gas rates. American Gas Light 
 Journal, c, 353-355 (1914). 
 
 DiCKERMAN, J. C. The cost of producing illuminating gas in 
 American cities, exclusive of returns to capital invested. 
 Utilities Magazine, i, no. i, 10-12 (1915). 
 A table of statistics from 19 cities, and discussion. 
 
 The cost of supplying illuminating gas in the smaUer Ameri- 
 can cities, exclusive of returns to capital invested. UtiUties 
 Magazine, i, no. 2, 19-23 (1915). 
 
 RATES 
 
 28s 
 
 A table of statistics from 74 cities, and discussion. 
 Supplementary to his " Cost of producing illuminating gas in American 
 cities, exclusive of returns to capital invested." 
 
 DoHERTY,H. L. Rates. Proc, National Commercial Gas Asso- 
 ciation, 1910: 297-318. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 319-331. An excellent account of the need for more 
 scientific gas rates and discussion of cost factors. 
 
 Gardiner, W. H., Jr. The making of rates. Progressive Age, 
 xxiv, 381-383 (1906). 
 
 Humphreys, A. C. Public service rate making. American Gas 
 Light Journal, xcix, 209-214 (1913). 
 
 Abstract. A discussion of C. L. Cory, " Reasonable gas rates and their 
 determination." 
 
 Journal of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxxi, 367- 
 
 370(1913). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 371-374. Paper before Pacific coast gas association. 
 A discussion of C. L. Cory, " Reasonable gas rates and their determi- 
 nation." 
 
 Kennard, E. G. Comparative costs of gas and electric lighting. 
 
 Electrical Engineer, new series, xxxix, 540-542, 573-576, 612- 
 
 615(1907). 
 
 A thorough and highly technical study, with many charts and tables. 
 
 Lea, H. I. Elements of gas rate making. Gas Age, xxxiii, 569- 
 
 570 (1914). 
 
 Includes a tabular " analysis of gas sales to general consumer." 
 
 Gas rate making. American Gas Light Journal, c, 3^5-3^7 
 
 (1914). 
 
 A good, elementary discussion, with a table and illustrative examples. 
 
 MacPherson, H. H. Rates and the use of rates. Electrical 
 
 World, lii, 746-747 (1908). 
 
 On the use of flat rates for gas and electricity. 
 
 Miller, A. S. Gas rates. Proc., American Gas Institute, viii, 
 
 part I, 195-201 (1913). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 202-211. A brief and somewhat elementary analysis 
 of cost elements, and a plea for more equitable forms of rates. 
 
 Miller, T. D. The flat rate nuisance. American Gas Light 
 Journal, Ixxvi, 690 (1902). 
 
 ' 
 
286 BIBUOGRAPEY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Wolff, S. E. Rates for industrial purposes. American Gas 
 Light Journal, xcii, 807-809 (1910). 
 
 A good elementary discussion of various forms of gas rates, with illus- 
 trative examples. 
 
 Traction 
 American Electric Railway Association. Report of the com- 
 mittee on determining the proper basis for rates and fares. 
 Proc, American Electric Railway Association, 191 1 : 280. 
 Memoranda by: F. R. Ford, 281-295; C. S. Sergeant, 296-297; 
 W. J. Clark, 297-299; H. G. Bradlee, 300-304; E. E. Foster, 305-309. 
 A very good discussion of various phases of the problem. 
 
 Proc., American Electric Railway Association, 1912: 
 245-246. 
 
 Memoranda by: C. N. Duffy, 246-268; H. G. Bradlee, 269-276: 
 F. R. Ford, 277-294. ^ / » 
 
 A very excellent study. 
 Aera, i, 375 (1912). 
 
 Memoranda by: C. N. Duffy, 376-391; H. G. Bradlee, 392-399; 
 r. K. rord, 400-414. 
 
 Aera, i, 654-655 (1913). 
 
 Memoranda by: C. N. Duffy, 655-658; W. J. Clark, 658-664. 
 Discussion: pp. 664-672. 
 
 Blake, H.W. The problem of the five cent fare. Electric Rail- 
 way Journal, xxxvi, 23-27 (1910). 
 
 On the need for higher fares in New York state; with Ubles and one 
 chart. 
 
 Electric Traction Weekly, vi, 730-734 (1910). 
 
 Bradlee, H. G. Actual figures of existing street railways. Proc., 
 American Electric Railway Association, 191 2 : 269-276. 
 Memorandum with " Report of the committee on determining the 
 proper basis for rates and fares." 
 
 An excellent analysis of costs and operation results, with tables of 
 statistics. 
 
 RATES 
 
 287 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Aera,i, 392-399(1912). 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xl, 1106-1108 (1912). 
 
 Bradlee, H. G. The profitable limit of a five cent fare. Stone 
 
 and Webster Public Service Journal, xi, 389-398 (191 2). 
 
 Paper before American electric railway association, entitled " Actual 
 figures of existing street railways." 
 
 Profitable limit of a five cent street railway fare. Engi- 
 neering News, Ixix, 214-215 (1913). 
 Extracts. 
 
 CoBURN, F. W. The crisis in street railway service. Public Ser- 
 vice, vi, 101-104 (1909). 
 On the need for higher fares. 
 
 Conway, Thomas, Jr. The decreasing financial returns upon 
 urban street railway properties. Annals of the American 
 Academy of Political and Social Science, xxxvii, 14-30 (191 1). 
 Good, non-technical discussion; includes tables of data. 
 
 Davis, G. H. Adjustment of American street car fares. Public 
 Service, xi, 53-55 (191 1). 
 Abstract. 
 
 • The adjustment of American street railway rates to the 
 
 expansion of city areas. Electric Railway Journal, xxxvii, 
 
 210-214 (1911). 
 
 Abstract. Includes a number of tables. 
 
 DooLiTTLE, F. W. Some problems of electric railway industry. 
 Electric Railway Journal, xlvii, 1035-1038 (1916). 
 Considers the effect on the business of changes in fares and costs. 
 
 Studies in the cost of urban transportation service. New 
 
 York, 1 91 6. 467 pp. 
 
 A study made for the Bureau of fare research of the American electric 
 
 railway association. 
 An excellent technical work on the factors affecting cost of service and 
 
 rate of fare on street railways. 
 
 DxjEFY, C. N. The effect of load factor on cost of electric railway 
 passenger service. Aera, i, 655-658 (1913). 
 Technical. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xli, 195-196 (1913). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 <A 
 
288 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Duffy, C. N. A theoretical basis for determining fares on 
 properties having annual gross earnings of from $100,000 to 
 $5,000,000. Proc, American Electric Railway Association, 
 191 2: 246-268. 
 
 Memorandum with " Report of the committee on determining the proper 
 basis for rates and fares." 
 
 A thorough analysis of traction costs and fares; with a hypothetical 
 example and tables. 
 
 Aera, i, 376-391 (191 2). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xl, 1103-1106 (1912). 
 Abstract. 
 
 DuRAND,E.D. Street railway fares in the United States. Amer- 
 ican Monthly Review of Reviews, xxxi, 171-176 (1905). 
 A plea for lower fares in large cities; popular. 
 Answered by H. S. Knowlton in " Street railway fares in large cities." 
 
 Eberle, George. Copper zone vs. nickel zone as a basis of in- 
 terurban rates. Electric Railway Journal, xl, 451-456 (1912). 
 
 Ford, F. R. Passenger rates and fares in cities with surface 
 street railways and elevated railroads or subways. Proc., 
 American Electric Railway Association, 1912: 277-294. 
 
 Memorandum with " Report of the committee on determining the 
 
 proper basis for rates and fares." 
 A valuable study, by cities, with tables of statistics. 
 
 Aera, i, 400-409 (1912). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xl, 1108-1112 (191 2). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 FuLLERTON, Irwin. Do low fares increase riding ? Electric 
 Railway Journal, xliii, 770 (1914). 
 
 Brief account of the results of a fare reduction experiment made by the 
 Detroit united railway company. 
 
 Gruhl, Edwin. The cost of carrying a passenger and the pro- 
 posed work of the bureau of fare research. Proc, American 
 Electric Railway Accountants' Association, 1913: 270-273. 
 
 Hanson, A. C. Tariffs for electric motive power. Electrical 
 Review (London), k, 701-702 (1907). 
 A very popular discussion of various rates. 
 
 RATES 289 
 
 HiLD, F. W. Effect of rate of fare on riding habit. Electric 
 
 Railway Journal, xliii, 229-233 (1914). 
 
 A thorough study of the problem, with data and charts, purporting to 
 prove that the effect of the rate of fare is practically negligible. 
 
 Rate of fare and riding habit. Aera, ii, 806-819 (1914). 
 
 A good study, with charts and data as to the results in various cities. 
 The writer concludes that fares should not be reduced except through 
 the operation of natural forces. 
 
 Knowlton, H. S. Street railway fares in large cities. American 
 
 Monthly Review of Reviews, xxxii, 80-84 (1905). 
 
 An argument against lower fares. Reply to E. F. Durand, " Street rail- 
 way fares in the United States." 
 
 Nash, L. R. Financial problems of electric railways. Stone and 
 Webster Journal, xviii, 441-456 (1916). 
 
 Discusses in elementary form traction operating costs, revenue and 
 fares. 
 
 Richey, a. S. Cost of rush hour service. Aera, ii, 218-222 
 
 (1913)- 
 
 A good, technical analysis, with charts. 
 
 Rider, J. H. Charges for supply from combined lighting and 
 traction stations. Electrical Engineer, new series, xxxvi, 24- 
 26 (1905). 
 
 An analysis of costs, with tables of rates charged in various English 
 cities. 
 
 Seely, C. T. Collection of fares under a zone system. Aera, i, 
 428-430 (1912). 
 
 On the results of a study of methods of checking origin and end of ride 
 made by the South side elevated railroad in Chicago. 
 
 Stearns, R. B. Zone system of fares in practice. Electric Rail- 
 way Journal, xlv, 836-838 (1915). 
 
 A good analysis of the results of six months' operation in Milwaukee; 
 illustrated with two charts. 
 
 Stebbins, Theodore. Interurban railway fares. Proc, Ameri- 
 can Street and Interurban Railway Association, 1907: 260- 
 270. 
 
 An analysis of the effect of different local conditions on the rate of fare. 
 
290 BIBUOGRAPBY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Watkins, G. p. Street railway rates, with especial reference to 
 differentiation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxv, 623- 
 649 (1911). 
 
 An exceUent discussion of the underlying economic principles and their 
 appbcation. *^ 
 
 Yerbury, H. E. Equitable charges for tramway supply. Jour- 
 nal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, xliv, 576-600 
 
 (1910). 
 
 Discussion : pp. 606-663 • Includes rate elements, tables of rates chanjed 
 m Great Bntam and charts. 
 
 Tramway and Railway World, xxvii, 108-111 (1910) 
 Discussion: pp. 111-112. Abstract. 
 
 Water 
 
 Alvord, J. W. Equitable hydrant rentals and better methods 
 for apportioning fire protection cost. Journal of the Ameri- 
 can Waterworks Association, i, 95-102 (1914). 
 A good discussion. 
 
 Bassett, G. B. Water meter rates. Proc, American Water- 
 works Association, xxviii, 61^-627 (1908). 
 
 Technical, with illustrative examples. 
 
 Bemis, E. W. Water meter rates. Engineering Record, xiii, 
 
 An elementary discussion of flat and meter rates. 
 
 Brown, C.C. Water rates and rentals. Municipal Engineering, 
 ^3Kv, 73-78 (1909). 
 
 Burgess, Philip. Water rates. Proc, Central States Water- 
 works Association, 191 2: 113-117. 
 
 A brief discussion of rates and costs. 
 Davis, F. A. W. " ShaU there be a charge for fire lines by water 
 departments and water companies, and shall meters be placed 
 on fire lines ? » Proc, American Waterworks Association, 
 xxiii, 362-367 (1903). 
 
 Earl, G. G. Water rates. Proc, American Waterworks Asso- 
 ciation, xxxi, 173-189 (1911). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 189-216. A somewhat elementary discussion of princi- 
 ples, with an analysis of rates for New Orleans as illustration. 
 
 RATES 
 
 291 
 
 Ericson, John. Waterworks plants and the proper rates for 
 domestic and public service. Proc, American Waterworks 
 Association, xxvii, 295-302 (1907). 
 
 Fuller, G. W. Elements to be considered in fixing water rates. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, liii, 251-261 (19 14). 
 A popular analysis of cost and income elements. 
 
 Jordan, F. C. Making rates for water service. Public Service, 
 », 83-85 (1911). 
 
 Rate making. Municipal Engineering, xl, 319-322 (1911). 
 
 Kimball, F. C. The equity of a minimum charge for metered 
 
 service. Proc, American Waterworks Association, xxiv, 268- 
 
 276 (1904). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 277-289. A good, somewhat elementary discussion. 
 
 Knowles, Morris. Equitable water rates the result of meter- 
 ing. American City, viii, 172-177 (1913). 
 
 , and ScHARTF, M. R. The relation of " out-of-pocket cost " 
 
 to water rate making, with an illustrative example. Engineer- 
 ing and Contracting, xli, 336-338 (1914). 
 
 Ledoux, J. W. Water rates and extensions. Proc, American 
 Waterworks Association, xxx, 193-198 (1910). 
 A brief discussion of fundamental principles; semi-technical. 
 
 Mathews, G. C. Wisconsin water rates. Public Service Regu- 
 lation, i, 33-35 (191 2). 
 Discussion of the methods and procedure used. 
 
 Maury, D.H. Rates for water service. Proc, American Water- 
 works Association, xxvii, 33-39 (1907). 
 Elementary. 
 
 Engineering News, Ivii, 709-710 (1907). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Public Service, vi, 127-128 (1909). 
 
 Metcalf, Leonard. Depreciation in waterworks operation. 
 
 Public Service, x, 82-84, 119-121 (191 1). 
 
 On depreciation in relation to rate making, and the importance of fiTin£ 
 rates high enough to include depreciation. 
 
I 
 
 292 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Metcalf, Leonard. Private fire protection service charges. 
 Proc., American Waterworks Association, xxxiii, 127-152 
 (1913). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 158-190. An account of an investigation supplement- 
 ing Metcalf, Kuichling and Hawley, " Some fundamental considera- 
 tions m the determination of a reasonable return for public fire 
 hydrant service." 
 
 , Kuichling, E., and Hawley, W. C. Some fundamental 
 
 considerations in the determination of a reasonable return 
 for public fire hydrant service. Proc, American Waterworks 
 Association, xxxi, 55-117 (191 1). 
 
 A highly technical study, with formulae, tables and charts. Includes 
 tables of the rates charged in diflFerent cities. 
 
 Miller, J. T. Fire protection: what is the proper basis for 
 charges ? Proc., American Waterworks Association, xxvi, 
 397-400 (1906). 
 
 NouRSE, H. O. Water rates. Proc., American Waterworks 
 Association, xxiii, 143-154 (1903). 
 
 Patton, W. a. At what rate can water be profitably sold when 
 pumped against a 300-foot head ? Proc, American Water- 
 works Association, xxiv, 490-496 (1904). 
 A discussion of the rates in various places. 
 
 Richards, W. H. Meter rates. Journal of the New England 
 Waterworks Association, xxii, 289-294 (1908). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 294-309. A brief argument for the use of meter rates 
 for water, with a table and chart. 
 
 Rosamond, S. J. What would be a fair basis for fixing water 
 rates for fire and domestic service ? Proc, American Water- 
 works Association, xxv, 132-138 (1905). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 139-150. An analysis of the rates of seventy dUes- 
 with large comparative tables of statistics. ' 
 
 Wagner, B. M. Rates for water supply. Journal of the New 
 England Waterworks Association, xxix, 1-48 (1915). 
 
 A very good article, including an account of water rate history and a 
 discussion of the various forms of rates; with tables. 
 
 RATES 
 
 293 
 
 RATE OF RETURN 
 
 Aera. Topical discussion on rate of return on electric railway 
 
 capital. Aera, iv, 711-739 (1916). 
 
 Subject divided into its various elements. J. D. Mortimer. 
 Actual returns in the past. D. J. McGrath. 
 Returns necessary to attract new capital. O. B. Willcox. 
 Limitations of maximum earning capacity. M. C. Brush. 
 Uncertainty of valuation. T. C. Williams. 
 
 An interesting symposium. 
 
 Allison, J. E. Rate of return. Annals of the American Acad- 
 emy of Political and Social Science, liii, 172-177 (1914). 
 Good elementary discussion. 
 
 Stone and Webster Public Service Journal, xvi, 277- 
 
 289 (1915)- 
 
 An amplified reprint of article by same title in Annals of the American 
 Academy of Political and Social Science. 
 
 Alvord, J. W. The financial questions in waterworks valua- 
 tions. Proc, American Waterworks Association, xxii, 142- 
 152 (1902). 
 
 A brief discussion of intangible values, franchise value and rate of 
 return. 
 
 Engineering Record, xliv, 30-32 (1902). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Beale, J. H., and Wyman, Bruce. Rate of return. {In Rail- 
 road rate regulation. 2d edition. New York, 1915.) 250- 
 283. 
 
 A very good legal discussion of rate of return to railroads, of interest 
 for all public utilities; thoroughly annotated. 
 
 Blue, F. K. The regulation of public utilities by competition 
 in the securities market. Journal of Electricity, Power and 
 Gas, XXXV, 39-41, 63-65 (1915). 
 Technical, with formulae and tables. 
 
 Clark, J. M. Some neglected phases of rate regulation. Amer- 
 ican Economic Review, iv, 565-574 (1914). 
 
 A somewhat academic, economic discussion of (i) fluctuating prices 
 and the earnings of capital, (2) surplus accumulated out of earnings, 
 and (3) betterments and public necessity. 
 
 I 
 
294 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Cory, C. L. Rate fixing and appraisal. Journal of Electricity, 
 
 Power and Gas, xxix, 382-383, 407-409, 433-434, 463-465 
 (191 2). 
 
 Includes a brief discussion of the elements of risk and rate of return. 
 
 Crosby, O. T. Automatic rate regulation. Proc., American 
 Electric Railway Association, 191 2: 307-320. 
 
 Interesting plea for more definiteness in the rate of return to be aUowed 
 new enterprises by commissions. 
 
 Dunn, S. O. Shall railway profits be limited ? Journal of Po- 
 litical Economy, xviii, 593-609 (1910). 
 
 An attempt to prove that rates and profits do not vary together. Dis- 
 cusses raibx)ads only, but is of some general interest. 
 
 Erickson, Halford. Regulation and reasonable returns. Elec- 
 trical Review and Western Electrician, bdv, 1296-1300 (1914). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Electrical Worid, bdii, 1477-1479 (1914). 
 
 RATES 
 
 29s 
 
 What should a company earn ? Public Service, xviii, 17-19 
 
 (1915). 
 
 An excellent popular article on the elements of rate of return; theo- 
 retical, with practical application. 
 
 Forest, H. V. Profits in tiie Ughting business. Progressive 
 Age, xxvi, 649-651 (1908). 
 
 Discussion of whether profits from electric lighting have been over- 
 estimated; with tables of statistics. 
 
 Foster, H. A. Capitalization. {In Engineering valuation of 
 
 public utilities and factories. New York, 1912.) 252-258. 
 
 Discusses chiefly the rate of return allowed on the capitalization; with 
 quotations from articles and decisions. 
 
 Gillette, H. P. The valuation of waterworks properties. X. 
 The Rate of " fair return." Engineering and Contracting, 
 xlv, 99-100 (1916). 
 A good discussion. 
 
 Valuations of public service properties. Public Service, x, 
 
 114-116 (1911). 
 
 Emphasizes the importance of development expense in determining the 
 fair rate of return. 
 
 Hayes, H. V. Fair rate of return. {In Public utilities: their 
 fair present value and return. New York, 19 15.) 81-96. 
 A very good, non-technical discussion. 
 
 The worth of service to the consumer. {In Public utilities: 
 
 their cost new and depreciation. New York, 1913.) 125-132. 
 A brief discussion of rate of return, with quotations from decisions. 
 
 Holmes, F. L. Rate of return. {In Regulation of railroads and 
 public utilities in Wisconsin. New York, 191 5.) 43-56. 
 
 Treats chiefly of the attitude of the Wisconsin commission, but is a 
 good elementary discussion of the subject. 
 
 Lewis, H. T. Interest and profits in rate regulation: the prac- 
 tice of the Wisconsin railroad commission. Political Science 
 Quarterly, xxvii, 239-259 (1912). 
 A good analysis, with many quotations from cases before the commission. 
 
 McFall, R. J. Railway monopoly and rate regulation. Co- 
 lumbia University Studies in History, Economics and Public 
 Law, box, 1-223 (1916). 
 Ch. iii. The fair return. 
 Considers railroads only, but chapter iii is of some general interest. 
 
 McGrath, D. J. Actual returns in the past. Aera, iv, 714-722 
 
 (1915)- 
 
 In Topical discussion on rate of return on electric railway capitaL 
 History in Massachusetts, with diagrams. An interesting study. 
 
 Return on Massachusetts investment. Electric Railway 
 
 Journal, xlvii, 256-259 (1916). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Mayer, Joseph. The just value of monopolies and the regula- 
 tion of the prices of their products. Trans., American Society 
 of Civil Engineers, Ixxv, 455-471 (191 2). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 472-502. Includes formulae for determination of 
 profits. Relates chiefly to the rate of return. Theoretical. 
 
 Miller, A. S. Regulation and utility financing. Public Service, 
 xiii, 211-213 (1912). 
 On the effect of a restricted rate of return upon capital. 
 
 Miller, W. E. Ashland water rate decision explained. Engi- 
 neering Record, bod, 805-807 (1915). 
 
 On decisions of the Wisconsin commission refusing to accept 4 per cent, 
 as an adequate return, and revising rates. 
 
1:1 
 
 296 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Mortimer, J. D. Rate of return necessary to attract capital to 
 electric railways. Public Service, xx, 83-84 (1916). 
 An analysis of risk in the electric traction industry. 
 
 Rate of return on railway capital. Electric Railway Jour- 
 nal, xlvii, 253-254 (1916). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Risk as an element of the rate of return on capital in elec- 
 tric traction properties. Aera, i, 759-763 (1913). 
 
 A discussion of the different sources of risk. 
 
 Public Service, xv, 41-42, 46 (1913). 
 
 RATES 
 
 297 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 Sterrett, J. E. The comparative yield on trade and public 
 service investment. American Economic Review, vi, 1-8 
 (1916). 
 An interesting study. 
 
 Whitten, R. H. Rate of return. (In Valuation of public ser- 
 vice corporations. New York, 1912-1914.) i and ii, ch. xxx. 
 
 A very excellent discussion, with many quotations from court and com- 
 mission decisions. 
 
 WiLLCox, O. B. Compedtion with other investments. Electric 
 Railway Journal, xlvii, 260-263 (1916). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Returns necessary to attract new capital. Aera, iv, 723- 
 
 729 (1915). 
 
 In Topical discussion on rate of return on electric railway capital. On 
 the necessity of returns suflSdent to attract new capital. Very 
 general and popular. 
 
 Wilson, C. P. Financing public utilities under state control and 
 service rate and rate of return. Proc, Indiana Gas Associa- 
 tion, 1916: 35-39. 
 
 Discussion: pp. 39-51. On valuation and rate of return. Considers 
 8 to 10 per cent fair. 
 
 WiNSLOW, W. H. A study of the conditions affecting the price 
 at which capital can be secured to develop public utilities. 
 Moody's Magazine, vi, 174-178 (1908). 
 Includes tables of the factors affecting the rate of return. 
 
 WiNSLOW, W. H. What is fair return upon investment ? Pro- 
 gressive Age, xxvii, 685-686 (1909). 
 
 A good, concise analysis of factors affectmg the rate of return; with 
 illustrative tables of the elements of risk and their effect on the rate 
 of return. 
 
 Public Service, vii, 5-7 (1909). 
 
 WooLFOLK, W. G. Appraisal of public utility properties. Cana- 
 dian Engineer, xxviii, 629-632 (1915). 
 Includes a brief discussion of the rate of return. 
 
 Young, C. G. Logical basis for valuations of interurban street 
 
 railways. Electrical Review and Western Electrician, Iviii, 
 
 180-181, 231-237 (1911). 
 
 Long abstract of paper before Central electric railway association. 
 Includes a very good discussion of rate of return. 
 
 Electric Railway Journal, xxxvii, 115-118 (1911). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Electric Traction Weekly, vii, 67-71 (1911). 
 Engineering News, Ixv, 141-143 (1911). 
 
 New York, 1911. 32 pp. 
 
 Reprint of paper before Central electric railway association. 
 
 THE SLIDING SCALE 
 
 Allen, W. S. The gas supply and the public. Municipal Affairs, 
 vi, 656-667 (1902). 
 
 A general discussion of mimicipal ownership, the writer advocating the 
 sliding scale as preferable to municipalization. 
 
 Blue, F. K. The practical application of the self-adjusting 
 standard for rate fixing. Journal of Electricity, Power and 
 Gas, xxx, 386-3S9, 403-404 (1913)- 
 
 Supplementary to his " The public and public service corporations." 
 Technical, with a table and illustrative examples. 
 
 The public and public service corporations. Journal of 
 
 Electricity, Power and Gas, xxix, 483-484 (1912). 
 
 Outlines a proposed method of automatically controlling rate level and 
 rate of return. 
 
298 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Blue, F. K. Rate fixing and appraisals: automatically directed 
 method of rate fixing and price control. Journal of Electric- 
 ity, Power and Gas, xxix, 500-501 (191 2). 
 Supplementary to his " The pubUc and public service corporations." 
 
 Brandeis, L. D. How Boston solved the gas problem. Ameri- 
 can Review of Reviews, xxxvi, 594-598 (1907). 
 On the application of the sliding scale to the Boston gas companies. 
 
 FoRSTALL, A. E. Brief history of gas legislation in Great Britain 
 
 and extracts from acts applying the sliding scale and auction 
 
 clauses. Proc., American Gas Institute, iv, 702-713 (1909). 
 
 Appendix to ** * Sliding scale ' regulations of prices and rates of dividend 
 for gas companies." 
 
 " Sliding scale " regulation of prices and rates of dividend 
 
 for gas companies. Proc., American Gas Institute, iv, 225- 
 
 236 (1909). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 236-241. A good general discussion of the subject. 
 
 American Gas Light Journal, xcii, 156-157 (1910). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 196-197. Abstract. 
 
 GAia)iNER, W. H., Jr. The London sliding scale as a method for 
 the government regulation of public service corporations. ? 
 ? 133 PP- 
 
 Gasell, G. a. Sliding scale gas rates. Public Service Regula- 
 tion, i, 396-398 (1912). 
 
 A popular discussion of the sliding scale as applied in Boston and Great 
 Britain, the writer favoring its use. 
 
 Marks, W. D. The London sliding scale. (In Practical rate 
 making and appraisement. South Hadley, 1914 ?) 227-251. 
 A detailed description and discussion. Semi-technical, with formulae 
 
 Massachusetts Legislature. The London sliding scale of prices 
 
 and dividends as applied to gas companies. Boston, 1906. 
 
 85 pp. 
 
 Report of a special conmiittee to the Massachusetts legislature. 
 
 Matthews, Nathan. Report on the London sliding scale. (In 
 Gardiner, W. H., Jr. The London sliding scale as a method 
 for the government regulation of public service corporations. 
 ?, ?) 23-118. 
 
 RATES 
 
 299 
 
 Peters, J. W. S. A suggested sliding scale of dividends for 
 street railways, determined by quality of service. National 
 Municipal Review, ii, 31-38 (1913). 
 Very interesting and novel; includes illustrative tables. 
 
 Whitten, R. H. Regulation of public service companies in 
 
 Great Britain: with supplemental chapters on the Boston 
 
 sliding scale and Toronto auction sale and maximum dividend 
 
 plans. New York, 1914. 231 pp. 
 
 Reprinted from 1913 annual report of Public service commission for 
 the first district, New York. An excellent study of the sliding scale. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Municipal franchises: a description of the terms 
 and conditions upon which private corporations enjoy special 
 privileges in the streets of American cities. New York, 1910- 
 191 1. 2 vols. 
 The sliding scale, Boston, i, pp. 57-58» 560-564. 
 
 Wrightington, E. N. The sliding scale method of regulating 
 
 public service corporations. Proc, National Conference for 
 
 Good City Government, 1910: 103-108. 
 
 A brief, popular account of the sliding scale and its use by Boston gas 
 companies. 
 
 The sliding scale method of regulation as applied to gas 
 
 companies in Massachusetts. (In King, C. L. The regula- 
 tion of mimicipal utilities. New York, 191 2.) 99-102. 
 Revised reprint. 
 
TAXATION 
 
 301 
 
 VII. TAXATION 
 
 Adams, H. C. Tendencies in railway taxation. Proc., American 
 PoKtical Science Association, i, 224-232 (1904). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 232-249. Considers chiefly intangibles in valuations 
 for taxation. 
 
 Adams, T. S. Valuation of railway property for purposes of 
 
 taxation. Journal of Political Economy, xxiii, 1-16 (1915). 
 
 A discussion from the standpoint of Wisconsm practice and experience. 
 Of some interest for all public utilities. 
 
 Allen, W. S. Taxes on street railway franchises. Forum, 
 xxxii, 355-359 (1901). 
 The writer believes that exemption of the companies from taxation and 
 
 all unnecessary burdens, together with the requirement of low rates 
 
 of fare, is the best policy for all concerned. 
 
 Baldwin, W. W. Railroad taxation. Railway World, lii, 757- 
 760 (1908). 
 
 Abstract of paper before Minnesota academy of social science. 
 
 Taxation of railroad property. Proc., Minnesota Academy 
 
 of Social Science, i, 105-130 (1907). 
 
 A good general analysis and discussion of interest for all public utilities. 
 See also C. B. Miller, " Taxation of raih-oad property." 
 
 Bullock, C.J. Taxation of public utilities. Aera,ii, 1212-1219 
 (1914). 
 
 Cavanaugh, H. B. The federal income tax law as applicable 
 to electric railroad corporations. Electric Railway Journal 
 xlii, 1277-1278 (1913). 
 A brief explanation of the law. 
 
 Coleman, G. S. Special franchise taxation in New York. 
 State and Local Taxation, 1907: 649-654. 
 
 CoNANT, W. B. Street railway obligations to repair and main- 
 tain public ways. Municipal Journal, xl, 509-510 (1916). 
 
 Crocker, Courtenay. Some evils of double taxation. Public 
 Service, ix, 152-154 (1910). 
 
 300 
 
 Curtis, C. E. Taxation of street railways for purposes of revenue 
 and control. Yale Review, viii, 173-201 (1899). 
 
 A good, technical study. Includes tables showing the practice in 
 various cities of the United States and Canada. 
 
 Daniels, W. M. Taxation of raiboad and canal property in 
 New Jersey. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xx, 617-622 
 (1906). 
 History; with discussion of a new law. 
 
 Dewey, D. R. Legal aspects of corporation franchises. (In 
 McLaughlin, A. C, and Hart, A. B. Cyclopedia of Ameri- 
 can government. New York, 1914) ii, 45~48. 
 
 Municipal revenue from street railways. Publications, 
 
 American Economic Association, ii, 551-562 (1888). 
 
 In The relation of modern municipalities to quasi-public works. An 
 analysis of the kinds of revenue in various cities. 
 
 Eastman, F. M. The taxation of public service corporations in 
 Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1905. 46 pp. 
 
 An historical and critical account of state and local taxation, with quo- 
 tations from decisions, tables, and an index. 
 
 Erickson, Halford. Regulation or profit-sharing ? Electric 
 Railway Journal, xliii, 257-262 (1914)- 
 
 Evans, N. W. A history of taxation in Ohio: giving the legis- 
 lation on the subject and a commentary on the methods of 
 providing public revenues. Cincinnati, 1906. 220 pp. 
 
 Tide on the cover, " Who pays your taxes ? " 
 Ch. V. Railroad taxation. 
 
 xiv. Excise and franchise taxation. 
 
 Fay, C. N. The city gets fifty-five per cent. Outlook, xcii, 407- 
 
 413 (1909). 
 
 A very popular account of the Chicago traction settlement, by which 
 55 per cent of gross earnings are paid to the dty. 
 
 Fay, E. p. Assessment and collection of school taxes on property 
 of public service corporations. Proc., New York State Con- 
 ference on Taxation, 191 6: 128-135. 
 
302 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Fletcher, F. N. Should pubHc utiUties be assessed for taxation 
 by public service commissions ? Proc., National Tax Asso- 
 ciation, 1915: 104-111. 
 
 A good discussion. The writer believes that pubHc utilities should be 
 taxed to secure equity and that assessment by the commission is 
 desirable. 
 
 FooTE, A. R. Regulation and taxation of public service cor- 
 porations. Municipal Affairs, vi, 74^764 (1902). 
 The writer beUeves that theoretically pubhc utilities should be free 
 
 from taxation, but that actuaUy a tax on gross earnings is desirable. 
 
 Considers that municipal plants should be taxed and regulated the 
 
 same as private plants. 
 
 Relation of franchise taxation to service rates. State and 
 Local Taxation, 1907: 655-661. 
 
 An excellent study; the conclusion being that a gross earnings tax alone 
 IS advisable until people learn that a low tax, or none, is necessary for 
 low public utility rates. 
 
 Taxation of public service corporations. Proc., National 
 Conference for Good City Government, 1907: 264-268. 
 
 Taxation of railroads in the United States. State and 
 
 Local Taxation, 191 1 : 192-230. 
 
 A thorough discussion of the taxation of all classes of pubUc utilities- 
 with tables. * 
 
 Foster, H. A. Franchise. {In Engineering valuation of pubHc 
 
 utilities and factories. New York, 191 2.) 236-251. 
 
 A good discussion of franchises and taxation, with many quotations 
 from court and commission decisions. 
 
 Foster, Roger. The taxation of the elevated railroads in the 
 dty of New York. New York, 1883. 61 pp. 
 Largely composed of quotations from reports and decisions. 
 
 Friedman, H. G. The taxation of corporations in Massachu- 
 setts. Columbia University Studies in History, Economics 
 and Public Law, xxvii, 405-577 (1907). 
 " Taxation of public service corporations" ; pp. 502-535. 
 
 Gardiner, W. H. PubHc relations and taxation of pubHc ser- 
 vice corporations. State and Local Taxation, 1909: 175-180. 
 
 TAXATION 
 
 303 
 
 Garrison, W. L. EstabHsh principle and let methods evolve. 
 
 Moody's Magazine, u, 504-506 (1906). 
 
 In Mimicipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 
 Brief discussion, advocating single tax instead of mimicipal ownership. 
 
 Gruhl, Edwin. Taxing the utiUties. PubHc Service, xviu, 41- 
 42, 50-51 (1915). 
 
 A popular article opposing utility taxation as being ultimately paid by 
 the consumer. 
 
 Guernsey, N. T. The relation of taxation to service rates. 
 
 State and Local Taxation, 1912: 177-185. 
 
 A good discussion. The writer believes in the taxation of public service 
 corporations, and the inclusion of the taxes in the cost of service in 
 rate regulation. 
 
 PubHc Service, xiv, 216-218 (1913). 
 
 Hall, B. E. Administrative difficulties of the special franchise 
 tax law. Proc, New York State Conference on Taxation, 
 1911: 177-184. 
 On the diflSculties under the New York law. 
 
 Hansel, Charles. The valuation of railroads in New Jersey. 
 
 Engineering Record, bdii, 594-599 (191 1). 
 
 Discusses the valuation for taxation, with brief reference to the experi- 
 ence of other states. Of some interest for municipal utilities. 
 
 Holcomb, a. E. The assessment of pubHc service corporations. 
 
 State and Local Taxation, 191 1: 149-192. 
 
 Appendix: " Extracts from reports of tax conmiissions, writings of 
 economists, and from other sources, upon the subject of the taxation 
 of pubUc service corporations by the gross earnings method, with 
 notes on the constitutionaUty of such a method." 
 
 A very good discussion of all phases of the question, emphasizing the 
 need for administrative improvements. 
 
 PubHc service corporation assessment. PubHc Service, xi, 
 
 115-117, 159-162 (1911). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Howe, F. C. Taxation of quasi-pubHc corporations in the state 
 of Ohio, and the franchise tax. Annals of the American 
 Academy of PoHtical and Social Science, xiv, 157-180 (1899). 
 Treats chiefly of railroad taxation, but includes municipal utiUties also. 
 
304 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Howe, F. C. The taxation of railroads and other public service 
 corporations. Proc, National Conference for Good City Gov- 
 ernment, 1907: 306-316. 
 A good, general discussion; popular. 
 
 Johnson, E. R. Railway taxation. {In American railway trans- 
 portation. 2d revised edition. New York, 1909.) 408-419. 
 
 Looms, H. B. Franchise taxation in Illinois. Municipal Mairs, 
 
 V, 388-400 (1901). 
 
 A popular account, with tables. 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. Taxation of gas, electric supply and tramway 
 undertakings in Great Britain. {In National Civic Federa- 
 tion. Municipal and private operation of public utilities. 
 New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. ii, 516-549. 
 
 The taxation of public service corporations. State and 
 
 Local Taxation, 1908: 477-486. 
 
 An interesting discussion of franchise taxation. 
 
 Miller, C. B. Taxation of railroad property. Proc., Minnesota 
 Academy of Social Science, i, 131-137 (1907). 
 Supplementary to W. W. Baldwin, " Taxation of raikoad property." 
 
 Montgomery, H. E. Government ownership unnecessary. 
 Moody's Magazine, iv, 143-145 (1907). 
 
 Outlines of a suggested plan for regulating all public service corpora- 
 tions through state corporation departments and a graduated tax on 
 net profits. 
 
 Plehn, C. C. a suggestion for a measure of the burden of 
 taxation on street railways. Proc., American Electric Rail- 
 way Accoimtants' Association, 1915: 39-50. 
 Discussion: pp. 50-55. • 
 
 The taxation of franchises in California. National Mu- 
 nicipal Review, i, 337-354 (1912). 
 A good historical and critical account. 
 
 Taxation of public service corporations. State and Local 
 
 Taxation, 1907: 635-648. 
 
 A good discussion of various bases of public utilities taxation. 
 
 TAXATION 
 
 30s 
 
 Pond, O. L. The taxation of corporations. Yale Law Journal, 
 xxiv, 381-390 (1915). 
 Taxation of public utilities: pp. 388-390. 
 
 RowE, L. S. The possibilities and limitations of municipal con- 
 trol. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, 1900: supplement, 9-20. 
 
 Shows that pecuniary return to the city should be subordinated to 
 quality and cost of service. 
 
 Seligman, E. R. a. Taxation of franchise values. Municipal 
 Affairs, vi, 765-773 (1903). 
 
 Shields, R. H. Railroad taxation problems. State and Local 
 Taxation, 1910: 231-241. 
 
 A good discussion of problems in Michigan, with suggested changes. 
 Of interest for all public utilities. 
 
 Railway taxation. State and Local Taxation, 1908: 263- 
 
 269. 
 
 Extracts from paper before Minnesota academy of social science. 
 
 The taxation of corporate property as seen in the taxation 
 
 of Michigan railroads. Proc, Minnesota Academy of Social 
 Science, i, 40-58 (1907). 
 
 An historical account, of some general interest. 
 
 Shortt, Adam. The taxation of public service corporations. 
 State and Local Taxation, 1907: 622-634. 
 On the basis to be used. The writer reconmiends taxation of earnings. 
 
 Snider, G. E. The taxation of the gross receipts of railways in 
 Wisconsin. Publications, American Economic Association, 
 3d series, vii, 521-658 (1906). 
 
 Tripp, G. E. Taxes and licenses. Proc, American Street and 
 Interurban Railway Association, 1910: 274-283. 
 
 On the methods of taxing street railways in use in various parts of the 
 country. 
 
 U. S. Bureau of the Census. Street and electric railways, 1907. 
 Washington, 19 10. 575 pp. 
 Municipal taxation methods: pp. 291-293. 
 
3o6 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 U. S. Interstate Commerce Commission. Railways in the United 
 
 States in 1902. Washington, 1903. 5 vols. 
 
 Pt. V. State taxation of railways and other transportation agencies. 
 
 462 pp. 
 Appendix to sixteenth annual report. 
 
 Valon, Arthur. The rating of water undertakings. Trans., 
 Institution of Waterworks Engineers, xvii, 95-105 (191 2). 
 Discussion: pp. 106-120. 
 
 Whitney, F. N. Centralized assessment of public utilities in 
 New York. Proc, New York State Conference on Taxation, 
 1915: 191-201. 
 
 Whitten, R. H. Distinction between value for tax and rate 
 purposes. Proc, National Tax Association, 1913: 342-350. 
 
 Taxation of corporations in New York, Massachusetts, 
 
 Pennsylvania and New Jersey. New York State Library 
 Bulletin, no. 61: 617-810 (1901). 
 Includes public service companies. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Fundamental planks in a public utility program. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science, Ivii, 8-19 (191 5). 
 
 Maintains that pubhc utilities should not be a source of municipal profit 
 through franchise taxation or compensation. 
 
 American City, xi, 480-485 (1914). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Mimicipal franchises: a description of the terms and con- 
 ditions upon which private corporations enjoy special privi- 
 leges in the streets of American cities. New York, 1910-1911. 
 2 vols. 
 
 Vol. ii, Ch. xxix. Street railway franchises granted for compensation, 
 xliv. Compensation for franchises and taxation of public 
 utility properties. 
 
 A thorough discussion of franchise compensation and taxation, including 
 an account of provisions actually in force. 
 
 Principles as to franchise values. Utilities Magazine, i, 
 
 T^o. 3, 59-67 (1916). 
 
 A good elementary discussion of franchise values for taxation, rate 
 making, condenmation, sale and capitalization. 
 
 TAXATION 
 
 307 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Taxation of public utilities. Annals of the 
 American Academy of Political and Social Science, Iviii, 140- 
 
 148 (1915)- 
 
 An excellent discussion. The writer opposes taxation of public utilities 
 under strict regulation, except as a weapon or to form an amortization 
 fund, because the taxes would be paid in fact by the consumer. 
 
 Williams, Harrison. Assessment of railroads and other public 
 service corporations. Proc, New York State Conference on 
 Taxation, 1911: 185-191. 
 
 A brief discussion of the laws in force in New York state and their 
 results. 
 
 Wrightington, S. R. Taxation of " guaranteed " stock in 
 Massachusetts. Green Bag, xxiv, 8-17 (191 2). 
 An account of an attempt of the Boston and Maine railroad to dodge 
 bond taxation by issuing " guaranteed stock." 
 
VIII. HOLDING COMPANIES 
 
 IX. MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 Ford, F. R. The holding company: its advantages and disad- 
 vantages. Electric Railway Journal, xUii, 23-27 (1914). 
 A good analysis, with tables of statistics. 
 
 Goodrich, J. P. The pubUc welfare and the holding company. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, Ivii, 323-334 (1915). 
 
 Homer, F. T. PubHc advantages of holding compam'es. Annals 
 of the American Academy of PoHtical and Social Science, 
 Ivii, 313-322 (1915). 
 
 The public, the investor and the holding company. (In 
 Y. M. C. A., New York, West Side Branch. Public utiUty 
 economics. New York, 1914.) 11-30. 
 A very good elementary discussion. 
 
 Jenkins, W. C. Public utility holding companies. Public Ser- 
 vice, xvi, 149-152 (1914). 
 A good popular account of their advantages. 
 
 Lee, E. B. The public utility movement: holding, financing 
 and investment companies. Moody's Magazine, xiii, 375- 
 378 (1912). 
 Intended for the investor, but of general interest; elementary. 
 
 Mathewson, C. F. Holding companies and the pubUc welfare. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, Ivii, 305-312 (1915). 
 ExceUent general article, in favor of public utiUty holding companies. 
 
 Mead,E. S. Holding companies. (/« McLaughlin, A. C, and 
 Hart, A. B. Cyclopedia of American government. New 
 York, 1914.) ii, 124. 
 
 306 
 
 GENERAL WORKS 
 
 Books 
 
 Darwin, Leonard. Municipal ownership: four lectures de- 
 livered at Harvard University, 1907. New York, 1907. 
 149 pp. 
 A very good discussion of both sides of the question. 
 
 Municipal trade: the advantages and disadvantages re- 
 sulting from the substitution of representative bodies for 
 private proprietors in the management of industrial under- 
 takings. New York, 1903. 464 pp. 
 
 An excellent analysis, with some discussion of results in Great Britain. 
 Arguments both for and against municipalization are well presented, 
 and the author's main conclusion is that reforms are needed " (i) to 
 more effectually safeguard the consumer and the rate payer when 
 monopolies are managed by private proprietors; (2) to check ex- 
 cessive municipal trading; and (3) to render mimicipal trade as 
 little harmful as possible." 
 
 FooTE, A. R. Cost of service to users and tax payers: the only 
 proper basis for comparisons between private and municipal 
 ownership of water, gas and electric lighting works. Cin- 
 cinnati, 1897. 100 pp. 
 
 Mimicipal public service industries. Chicago, 1899. 337 
 
 pp. 
 
 Powers of municipalities: pp. 89-207. 
 
 Cost of service to users and taxpayers: pp. 211-247. 
 
 Knoop, Douglas. Principles and methods of municipal trading. 
 
 London, 191 2. 409 pp. 
 
 A thorough critical and historical study. The author concludes that 
 there are not sufficient facts available for a general decision, that mu- 
 nicipal trading is in itself imdesirable, but that in some cases it is 
 preferable to abuses by private companies. 
 
 309 
 
3IO BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 National Civic Federation. Municipal and private operation of 
 public utilities. New York, 1907. 3 vols. 
 
 Pt. I, vol. i, General conclusions and reports. 
 
 General conclusions and report to the commission. 
 
 The American municipality. W. L. Fisher. 
 
 The British municipality. F. J. Goodnow. 
 
 The labor report. J. W. Sullivan. 
 
 Labor and politics. J. R. Commons. 
 
 Municipal operation versus private operation of municipal noonopolies: 
 General introduction. Frank Parsons. 
 American conditions. E. W. Bemis. 
 G^ and electricity in Great Britain. M. R. Maltbie. 
 British tramways. Frank Parsons. 
 
 Analysis and interpretation of the information concerning the munici- 
 pal ownership of public utilities. C. L. Edgar and Walton Clark. 
 
 British tramways. W. J. Clark. 
 
 Pt. II, vol. i, Reports of experts: United States. 
 I. Waterworks. 
 
 General history and legislation. J. H. Gray. 
 
 Labor and politics. J. W. Sullivan and J. R. Commons. 
 
 Engineering matters. D. H. Maiuy. 
 
 Finance and accounting. Marwick, Mitchell & Co. 
 II. Gas Works. 
 
 General history and legislation. J. H. Gray. 
 
 Labor and politics. J. R. Commons and J. W. Sullivan. 
 
 Engineering matters. Frederick Burdett and A. E. Forstali. 
 
 Finance and accounting. Marwick, Mitchell & Co. 
 
 The relation of the city of Philadelphia to the gas supply. L. S. 
 Rowe. 
 
 ni. Electricity supply. 
 
 General history and legislation. William Hard and J. H. Gray. 
 
 Labor and politics. J. W. Sullivan and J. R. Commons. 
 
 Engineering matters. Theodore Stebbins and C. E. Phelps, Jr. 
 
 Finance and accounting. Marwick, Mitchell & Co. 
 Supplement. 
 
 Labor and politics. J. R. Conmions and J. W. Sullivan. 
 
 IV. Massachusetts electricity works. A. D. Adams and Charles 
 Prichard. 
 
 Pt. II, vol. ii, Reports of experts: United Kingdom. 
 I. Gas, electricity, and tramways. 
 
 Labor and politics. J. R. Commons and J. W. Sullivan. 
 II. Gas works. 
 
 General history and legislation. M. R. Maltbie. 
 Engineering matters. William Newbigging and J. B. Klumpp. 
 Finance and accounting. E. H. Turner and R. C. James. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 3" 
 
 in. Electricity supply. 
 
 General history and legislation. M. R. Maltbie. 
 Engineering matters. J. B. Klumpp and A. E. Winchester. 
 Finance and accounting. R. C. James and E. H. Turner. 
 
 rV. Street railways. 
 
 General history and legislation. M. R. Maltbie. 
 
 Engineering matters. N. McD. Crawford and J. H. Woodward. 
 
 Finance and accounting. E. H. Turner and R. C. James. 
 
 V. General. 
 
 Taxation of gas, electricity supply and tramway imdertakings. 
 M. R. Maltbie. 
 
 Labor and politics: further answers to schedules. J. R. Com- 
 mons and J. W. Sullivan. 
 
 General remarks upon financial conditions. R. C. James and 
 E. H. Turner. 
 
 Minutes of hearings in London. 
 
 British tramway history. Frank Parsons. 
 
 Articles 
 
 Agar, J. G. The problem of municipal ownership. Mimicipal 
 Affairs, vi, 511-514 (1902). 
 
 American Waterworks Association. A discussion of depreciation 
 and a comparison of rates and bookkeeping methods of 
 municipally and privately owned waterworks. Proc., Amer- 
 ican Waterworks Association, xxxiii, 325-327 (1912). 
 Brief conmients by many different men. 
 
 Ashley, Percy. Municipal policy and state control. Economic 
 Journal, xiii, 11 2-1 20 (1903). 
 On the current municipal ownership situation in Great Britain. 
 
 Baker, M. N. Mimicipal ownership. (In Mimicipal engineer- 
 ing and sanitation. New York, 1902.) 275-281. 
 
 The writer believes that it is a question of expediency rather than of 
 theory. 
 
 Beard, C. A. Municipal ownership. {In American city govern- 
 ment. New York, 191 2.) 218-241. 
 
 A discussion of the theoretical arguments for and against mimicipaliza- 
 tion with a brief account of the results in the United States. 
 
312 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Chase, H. S. Maintenance and depreciation charges in ac- 
 counts of public service corporations. Journal of Account- 
 ancy, iv, 1-9 (1907). 
 
 On the need for proper and uniform accounts as the basis for comparisons 
 of municipal and private ownership. 
 
 Cleveland, F. A. Municipal ownership as a form of govern- 
 mental control. Annals of the American Academy of Politi- 
 cal and Social Science, xxviii, 359-370 (1906). 
 Somewhat academic discussion of conditions necessary for success. 
 
 Collier, W. R. The sale of current to municipally owned dis- 
 tributing systems by central stations. Electrical Review and 
 Western Electrician, kvii, 890-893 (1915). 
 
 Embodies the results of a study in Georgia, illustrated with tables and 
 charts. 
 
 Commons, J. R. Municipal administration of public utilities. 
 Independent, liii, 2633-2636 (1901). 
 
 The writer states that " the vital problem of public ownership is not 
 economical but administrative," and briefly discusses the necessary 
 administrative conditions. 
 
 DiVEN, J. M. How can politics be eliminated from municipal 
 waterworks? Proc, American Waterworks Association, 
 xxvii, 400-410 (1907). 
 Discussion: pp. 411-415. Popular. 
 
 Edgar, C. L., and Clark, Walton. Analyses and interpreta- 
 tion of the information concerning the mimicipal ownership 
 of public utilities collected by the investigators of the National 
 Civic Federation. {In National Civic Federation. Municipal 
 and private operation of public utilities. New York, 1907.) 
 Pt. I, vol. i, 303-443- 
 
 Ely, R. T. Municipal ownership of natural monopolies: with 
 a note on the establishment of a parcels post and the national 
 ownership of the telephone, telegraph and railway. {In 
 Studies in the evolution of industrial society. New York 
 1903.) 225-254. 
 
 An elementary discussion, the writer favoring municipal ownership 
 where the conditions are suitable. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 313 
 
 Fairlie, J. A. Some considerations on municipal ownership of 
 
 public utilities. {In Essays in municipal administration. 
 
 New York, 1908.) 262-274. 
 
 Elementary. The author believes that the decision depends on local 
 conditions, but that the cities should have power to own their utilities. 
 
 Fisher, W. L. The American municipality. {In National Civic 
 
 Federation. Municipal and private operation of public 
 
 utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. I, vol. i, 33-42. 
 
 On the character of municipal government in the United States as 
 effecting the municipal ownership decision. See also F. J. Goodnow, 
 " The British municipality." 
 
 Francisco, M. J. Municipal ownership vs. private corporations: 
 with legal and editorial opinions, tables, and cost of lights as 
 furnished by private companies and mimicipal plants, with 
 list of municipal plants that have been sold or abandoned. 
 Containing also a comparison of English and American gas 
 and raOway plants. Rutland, 1898. 150 pp. 
 
 Garrison, W. L. Establish principle and let methods evolve. 
 
 Moody's Magazine, ii, 504-506 (1906). 
 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 
 Brief discussion, advocating single tax instead of municipal ownership. 
 
 Goodnow, F. J. The British municipality. {In National Civic 
 Federation. Mimicipal and private operation of public util- 
 ities. New York, 1907.) Pt. I, vol. i, 43-59. 
 
 On the character of municipal government in Great Britain as affecting 
 the municipal ownership decision. See also W. L. Fisher, " The 
 American mxmicipality." 
 
 Harrison, John. Municipal trading. Economic Journal, x, 
 251-258 (1900). 
 On municipal trading in Great Britain. 
 
 Humphreys, A. C. Public utilities. Trans., International Engi- 
 neering Congress, 191 5: 482-524, 
 
 Kerr, W. D. Public vs. private ownership. Electric Railway 
 
 Journal, xliv, 723-725 (1914). 
 
 Deals chiefly with the effect of valuations on the municipal ownership 
 movement. 
 
314 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 E^G, C. L. Municipal ownership versus adequate regulation. 
 {In The regulation of municipal utilities. New York, 1912.) 
 
 23-55- 
 
 A good elementary discussion. The writer believes that eventual 
 municipal ownership is desirable but that regulation will be satisfac- 
 tory until this is expedient. 
 
 Lowell, A. L. Municipal trading. {In The government of 
 England. 2d edition. New York, 191 2.) ii, 233-267. 
 A good general discussion, public utilities being treated only incidentally. 
 
 Lyons, B. F. Municipal ownership. Progressive Age, xxiv, 39- 
 46 (1906). 
 
 Discussion of method of studying results of existing municipal plants, 
 with analyses of the results in Wheeling, Manchester and Sheffield 
 for illustration. 
 
 Municipal ownership of gas works. Municipal Engineering, 
 
 [, 49-58 (1906). 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 3IS 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. Municipal ownership. {In McLaughlin, 
 A. C, and Hart, A. B. Cyclopedia of American government. 
 New York, 1914.) ii, 486-487. 
 
 Mateer, R. B. Municipal ownership. Journal of Electricity, 
 
 Power and Gas, xxxi, 344-345 (1913)- 
 
 A statement of some of the conditions which cause municipalization; 
 very brief, but concise. 
 
 Matthews, Nathan. Administrative provisions: management 
 
 of water, gas, electric light and similar municipal enterprises. 
 
 {In Municipal charters. Cambridge, 1914.) 82-89. 
 
 A good discussion of the provisions in the dty charter which make for 
 efficient mimicipal operation of public utilities. 
 
 Metz, H. a. Why municipal service is expensive. Moody's 
 Magazine, ii, 667-671 (1906). 
 
 In Mimidpal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 An argument for public ownership and private operation. 
 
 MiCHAELis, G. V. S. Is municipal ownership a dream ? Moody's 
 Magazine, ii, 538-541 (1906). 
 In Mimicipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 On the question of whether we are ready for municipal ownership as yet. 
 
 Moody's Magazine. Municipal ownership and operation: sym- 
 posium. Moody's Magazine, ii, 500-544, 639-674 (1906). 
 Cause of municipal ownership agitation. E. W. Burdett. 
 Establish principle and let methods evolve. W. L. Garrison. 
 Cleveland's street railway problems. H. T. Newcomb. 
 Municipal ownership in Cleveland. F. C. Howe. 
 Municipal ownership a delusion. Henry Clews. 
 Municipal ownership a business problem. Calvm Tomkins. 
 Municipal ownership uneconomic. W. W. Freeman. 
 Municipal ownership in Chicago. E. F. Dunne. 
 Municipal ownership always a failure. T. C. Martin. 
 Public service should be free. L. F. C. Garvin. 
 Great Britain's lesson. H. R. Meyer. 
 The political principle of public ownership. L. F. Post. 
 Is municipal ownership a dream ? G. V. S. Michaelis. 
 Reasons for municipal ownership. John Ford. 
 Public interest demands public ownership. Frank Parsons. 
 Municipal ownership costly and dangerous. Arthur Williams. 
 Municipal ownership for all public utilities. T. L. Johnson. 
 Glasgow and its municipal tramways. E. W. Hamlen. 
 Municipal ownership to purify politics. D. F. Wilcox. 
 Omaha's experience. E. W. Mayo. 
 Municipal ownership would stop corruption. W. P. Hill. 
 Why municipal service is expensive. H. A. Metz. 
 Standard reports and imiform accounting. Harvey Chase* 
 
 Moore, C. E. Experience with a municipal gas plant. Public 
 Service, ii, 51-52 (1907). 
 
 History of municipal ownership in Santa Clara, with conclusions as to 
 the general desirability of municipal ownership. 
 
 Parsons, Frank. The legal aspects of monopoly. {In Bemis, 
 E. W. Municipal monopolies. 4th edition. New York, 
 1904.) 425-501- 
 
 A good, annotated discussion of the right of cities to engage in business, 
 to compete with private plants, to take property by condemnation, 
 to prevent the use of injurious business methods and to regulate 
 rates and service. 
 
 • Municipal operation versus private operation of mimicipal 
 
 monopolies: general introduction. {In National Civic Feder- 
 ation. Municipal and private operation of public utilities. 
 New York, 1907.) Pt. I, vol. i, 1 13-122. 
 
 Pearson, George. Municipal trading. Electrical Engineer, 
 new series, xxiii, 753-757 (1899). 
 
 The writer tabulates and discusses the arguments for and against mu- 
 nicipal ownership, the conclusions favoring municipalization. 
 
3i6 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 317 
 
 Perrine, F. a. C. Validity of electric light comparisons. {In 
 Bemis, E. W. Municipal monopolies. 4th edition, New 
 York, 1904.) 286-296. 
 
 Appendix to E. W. Bemis, " The latest electric light reports." 
 Includes two charts. 
 
 Post, L. F. The political principle of public ownership. Moody's 
 Magazine, ii, 535-537 (1906). 
 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 An argument for private management of private functions and public 
 management of public functions. 
 
 Randolph, C. F. Municipal ownership of public utilities. Yale 
 Law Journal, xxii, 355-382, 461-489 (1913)- 
 An excellent and readable work on municipal ownership and the law. 
 
 RowE, L. S. Fundamental principles involved in municipal 
 ownership. {In Problems of city government. New York, 
 1908.) 271-280. 
 
 The conclusion is that the desirability of municipal ownership depends 
 on local conditions. 
 
 Municipal ownership and operation: the value of foreign ex- 
 perience. American Journal of Sociology, xii, 241-253 (1906). 
 
 Considers the results abroad of interest and as offering valuable lessons, 
 but not of great weight in making the final decision here, because of 
 different conditions. Favors municipal ownership. 
 
 The same article, with the omission of a few paragraphs, b printed in 
 the Proc., National Conference for Good City Government. 
 
 {In Problems of city government. New York, 1908.) 
 
 33<>-349- 
 Reprint. 
 
 Proc., National Conference for Good City Govern- 
 ment, 1906: 280-290. 
 
 Shepard, E. M. City owning and leasing. Municipal Affairs, 
 vi, 714-720 (1902). 
 Rapid transit. 
 
 Shepardson, G. D. Why some municipal electric plants do not 
 pay better. Electrical Review, xxxvii, 37, 52-55 (1900). 
 
 Discusses argiunents for and against municipalization and conditions 
 necessary for success. 
 
 Shepardson, G. D. Why some municipal electric plants do not 
 pay better. Electrical Review and Western Electrician, 
 xxxvii, 3752-3755 (1900). 
 
 Municipal Engineering, xix, 103-108 (1900). 
 
 Shibley, G. H. Referendum and initiative in relation to mu- 
 nicipal ownership. Municipal Affairs, vi, 781-786 (1902). 
 
 Under majority rule through the initiative and referendum, the writer 
 advocates municipal ownership. 
 
 Simpson, J. Municipal powers re. lighting plants. Municipal 
 Journal, xxxviii, 880-883 (1915). 
 
 A brief review of court decisions as to the powers of the municipality 
 with reference to municipal ownership of electric lighting. 
 
 Taussig, F. W. Public ownership and public control. {In 
 Principles of Economics, New York, 1913.) 397-418. 
 Elementary; very good. 
 
 TiEDEMAN, C. G. Government ownership of public utilities: 
 from the standpoint of constitutional limitations. Harvard 
 Law Review, xvi, 476-490 (1903). 
 
 TiGHE, J. L. Municipal water supply revenue. Journal of the 
 
 New England Waterworks Association, xviii, 352-387 (1904). 
 
 An argument against using profits from mimidpal enterprises to relieve 
 taxation. 
 
 ToMKiNS, Calvin. Municipal ownership a business problem. 
 
 Moody's Magazine, ii, 517-519 (1906). 
 
 In Mimicipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 The writer believes that economic considerations should govern the 
 decision. 
 
 Wagner, B. M. The acquisition of private water plants by 
 municipalities. Journal of the American Waterworks Asso- 
 ciation, ii, 25-41 (191 5). 
 
 Discussion : pp. 582-584. A good brief account of methods of municipal 
 acquisition and of valuation for condenmation. 
 
 Warner, C. A. What's wrong with municipal ownership ? 
 
 Journal of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxxiii, 504-506 (1914). 
 
 A popular analysis of the weak points in municipal ownership, with 
 suggested remedies. 
 
fiii 
 
 !«l 
 
 ^lim 
 
 318 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Whinery, Samuel. Municipal ownership. {In Municipal 
 public works: their inception, construction and manage- 
 ment. New York, 1903.) 189-218. 
 
 A good elementary discussion; the writer believes that a general de- 
 cision cannot be made as yet. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. The control of public utiUties. {In The Ameri- 
 can city: a problem in democracy. New York, 191 1.) 52-90. 
 A very good elementary discussion. The writer favors municipal owner- 
 ship as a theory, but believes proper franchise control to be better 
 for the present. 
 
 Effects of state regulation upon the municipal ownership 
 
 movement. Annals of the American Academy of Political 
 and Social Science, liii, 71-84 (1914). 
 An excellent discussion. 
 
 Fundamental planks in a public utility program. Annals 
 
 of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 
 Ivii, 8-19 (1915). 
 
 Maintains that preparation should be made for ultimate municipal owner- 
 ship (pp. 16-19). 
 
 American City, xi, 480-485 (1914). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Public utility advice from the public point of view. Ameri- 
 can City, viii, 264-266 (1913). 
 Advice to the cities in preparation for ultimate municipal ownership. 
 
 Wiles, C. W. Ownership of public utilities. Proc., American 
 Waterworks Association, xxviii, 501-504 (1908). 
 
 Willcox, W. F. Methods of determining the economic pro- 
 ductivity of municipal enterprises. American Journal of 
 Sociology, ii, 378-391 (1896). 
 
 Winchester, A. E. South Norwalk's municipal electric works. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, Ivii, 228-245 (1915)- 
 Historical, with comparison of the private and municipal plants. Some 
 
 general discussion of municipal ownership. Believes that success 
 
 depends on local conditions. 
 
 Woodward, Park. Municipal ownership. Proc., American 
 Waterworks Association, xxx, 123-127 (1910). 
 A very brief review of arguments for and against, the conclusion being 
 that municipal ownership freed from politics is desirable. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 IN FAVOR 
 
 319 
 
 Adams, A. D. Cause and results of municipal gas plants. Mu- 
 nicipal Affairs, vi, 648-655 (1902). 
 
 Cost of mimicipal vs. private gas. Municipal Journal and 
 
 Engineer, xv, 13-14 (1903). 
 
 The writer asserts that municipal plants are more economically managed 
 than private. Includes an analytical table of the average cost of gas 
 in the private and municipal plants of each state. 
 
 Adams, H. C. Municipal ownership and corrupt politics. Out- 
 look, Ixx, 726-727 (1902). 
 
 A popular article in favor of municipal ownership of street railways. 
 The writer believes that the decision in regard to government owner- 
 ship of railways and municipal ownership of street railways is not 
 necessarily the same. 
 
 Baker, M. N. Waterworks. {In Bemis, E. W. Municipal 
 
 monopolies. 4th edition. New York, 1904.) 3-52. 
 
 A thorough comparative and critical study of municipal and private 
 operation of waterworks in the United States, and an analysis of the 
 arguments for and against municipalization. The writer favors mu- 
 nicipal ownership; includes many tables of statistics. 
 
 Bemis, E. W., and Ingram, F. F. How the people should ac- 
 quire public utilities: a criticism of Mr. Brown's paper. 
 Arena, xxxiv, 45-47 (1905). 
 
 A good criticism of W. R. Brown, " Mimidpal ownership and league 
 organization " by two advocates of municipalization. 
 
 Municipal monopolies. New York, 1899. 4th edition, 
 
 1904. 691 pp. 
 
 Waterworks. M. N. Baker. 
 
 Municipal electric lighting. J. R. Commons. 
 
 The latest electric light reports. E. W. Bemis. 
 
 Appendix: validity of electric light comparisons. F. A. C. Perrine. 
 
 The telephone. Frank Parsons. 
 
 Municipal franchises in New York. Max West. 
 
 Legal a^3ects of monopoly. Frank Parsons. 
 
 Street railways. E. W. Bemis. 
 
 Gas. £. W. Bemis. 
 
 Regulation or ownership. £. W. Bemis. 
 
 A very good symposiiun favoring municipal ownership; now somewhat 
 out of date. 
 
^^1' iWi 
 
 pm 
 
 
 320 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Bemis, E. W. Municipal ownership of gas in the U. S. 
 PubKcations, American Economic Association, vi, 295-471 
 (1891). 
 
 Extensive study, with many tables of data and some discussion. 
 
 Regulation or ownership. {In Municipal monopolies. 4th 
 
 edition. New York, 1904.) 631-680. 
 
 A general historical review and analysis, the conclusion being in favor of 
 municipal ownership. 
 
 Brown, G. S. Municipal ownership of public utilities. North 
 American Review, clxxxii, 701-708 (1906). 
 
 Brown, W. R, Municipal ownership and league organization. 
 Arena, xxxiii, 377-382 (1905). 
 
 The writer offers a unique solution of the municipal ownership problem. 
 He advocates (i) municipal purchase with amortization of the cost 
 through reduced interest charges, (2) the formation of an interstate 
 city league to give moral and statistical aid, and (3) necessary changes 
 of existing laws. 
 
 For a reply, see E. W. Bemis and F. F. Ingram, " How the people should 
 acquu-e pubhc utihties: a criticism of Mr. Brown's paper." 
 
 Burns, John. Municipal ownership a blessing. Independent, 
 Ix, 44^452 (1906). 
 
 Commons, J. R. Municipal electric Ughting. Municipal Aflfairs, 
 h 631-673 (1897). 
 
 A thorough comparative and critical study of municipal and private 
 operation of electric hghting plants in the United States. Includes 
 many tables of statistics of operation and of rates. The writer favors 
 miuucipal ownership. 
 
 (^« Bemis, E. W. Municipal monopoHes. 4th 
 edition. New York, 1904.) 55-180. 
 Reprint. 
 
 Grosser, Robert. Why I beUeve in municipal ownership. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, Ivii, 282-292 (191 5). 
 
 Cutting, R. F. Public ownership and social conscience. Mu- 
 nicipal Affairs, iv, 3-12 (1900). 
 
 The writer believes that as municipal ownership promotes good govern- 
 ment, it is better not to wait for good government before adopting it. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 321 
 
 Donald, Robert. The case for municipal trading. Contem- 
 porary Review, Ixxxiii, 485-500, 623-639 (1903). 
 
 An answer to various arguments against municipal ownership in Great 
 Britain, with an analysis of results. Includes tables of statistics. 
 
 Municipal trading: a defense. Contemporary Review, 
 
 Ixxviii, 227-240 (1900). 
 
 A reply to J. L. Avebury, " Municipal trading." Answers each argu- 
 ment in turn. 
 
 The principles of municipal ownership. Outlook, Ixxxii, 
 
 504-511 (1906). 
 
 Recent attacks on municipal ownership in Great Britain. 
 
 Municipal Affairs, vi, 579-613 (1902). 
 
 Historical and critical analysis, in answer to attacks on municipal owner- 
 ship, which the writer asserts are stimulated by people interested in 
 the companies. Includes many tables of statistics. 
 
 Ely, R. T. Municipal ownership of natural monopolies. North 
 
 American Review, clxxii, 445-455 (1901). 
 
 A good argument for municipal ownership in general. The writer 
 opposes the view that the desirability must be separately decided for 
 each city. He believes that even though our municipal governments 
 at present may be incapable of properly operating the utilities, mu- 
 nicipalization would itself bring about better conditions. 
 
 Ford, John. Reasons for municipal ownership. Moody's 
 Magazine, ii, 542-544 (1906). 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 
 FouLKE, W. D. Conservation in municipalities. Proc., National 
 Conference for Good City Government, 19 10: 12-21. 
 
 Garvin, L. F. C. Public service should be free. Moody's 
 Magazine, ii, 530-531 (1906). 
 
 In Mimicipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 Favors single tax and municipal ownership. 
 
 Gladden, Washington. Public service companies and city 
 
 governments. Outlook, Ixvi, 502-508 (1900). 
 
 The writer advocates municipal ownership to lessen corruption. Al- 
 though not a panacea, he believes that through municipal ownership 
 runs the path of least resistance to better government. 
 
322 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL VTIUTIES 
 
 Grout, E. M. New York City should own the gas supply. Mu- 
 nicipal Affairs, i, 225-244 (1897). 
 A popular study. 
 
 For a reply, see A. R. Foote, " No government should operate an in- 
 dustry." *^ 
 
 Harrison, C. H. The regulation of public utilities. Annals of 
 the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Ivii, 
 54-61 (1915). 
 
 Hatton, T. C. Municipal ownership of water supplies. Proc, 
 American Society of Municipal Improvements, 1904: 137- 
 141. 
 
 Hill, W. P. Municipal ownership would stop corruption. 
 Moody's Magazine, ii, 662-667 (1906). 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 
 Howe, F. C. The case for municipal ownership. Proc, Ameri- 
 can Political Science Association, ii, 89-104 (1905). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 113-125. Advocates municipal ownership for govern- 
 mental rather than economic reasons. 
 
 Publications, American Economic Association, 3d 
 series, vii, 113-132 (1906). 
 
 The way out: municipal ownership. {In The city: the 
 hope of democracy. New York, 1906.) 113-135. 
 
 Ingram, F. F. Municipal ownership and operation versus private 
 ownership or control. Arena, xxxi, 458-463 (1904). 
 
 The writer beheves that regulation is a failure and that city ownership 
 and leasmg is worse than private ownership. 
 
 Should the people or the corporations light our cities ? 
 Arena, xxx, 392-400 (1903). 
 
 An arg^ent for municipal ownership, illustrated by a comparison of 
 municipal and private management in Detroit. 
 
 James, E. J. The relation of the modem municipality to the 
 gas supply. PubKcations, American Economic Association 
 i, 54-122 (1886). ' 
 
 A thorough, but early study of the gas industry in various countries 
 and Its municipalization. * 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 323 
 
 Johnson, T. L. Municipal ownership for all public utilities. 
 
 Moody's Magazine, ii, 649-651 (1906). 
 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 Asserts that municipal ownership would purify politics and give better 
 and cheaper service. 
 
 King, C. L. Municipal ownership versus adequate regulation. 
 {In The regulation of municipal utilities. New York, 191 2.) 
 
 23-55- 
 
 A good elementary discussion. The writer believes that eventual mu- 
 nicipal ownership is desirable but that regulation will be satisfactory 
 until this is expedient. 
 
 Municipal ownership vs. regulation. New Republic, i, 12-14 
 
 (1914). 
 
 A report of the conclusions of the Conference of American mayors, and 
 a popular statement of the reasons for the tendency towards mu- 
 nicipalization. 
 
 Leber, 0. H. Ownership of municipal monopolies. Municipal 
 Journal and Engineer, xvii, 14-16 (1904). 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. a tale of two cities: water supply in London 
 and Philadelphia. Municipal Affairs, iii, 193-214 (1899). 
 
 An historical and comparative study of the private supply in London, 
 and the municipal supply in Philadelphia, favoring municipal owner- 
 ship; includes tables of statistics. 
 
 Martin, John. Business thrift in American and European 
 
 dries, especially with respect to franchises. Proc., National 
 
 Conference for Good City Government, 1905: 154-169. 
 
 A popular discussion of mimicipal ownership experience in various 
 places, the writer favoring municipalization. 
 
 Mateer, R. B. Mimicipal ownership. Journal of Electricity, 
 
 Power and Gas, xxxi, 344-345 (1913). 
 
 A statement of some of the conditions which cause municipalizarion; 
 very brief and concise. 
 
 National Civic Federation. Shall the government own and 
 operate the railroads, the telegraph and telephone systems ? 
 Shall the municipalities own their utilities ? Affirmative side. 
 New York, 191 5. 108 pp. 
 
'■!! 
 
 I 
 
 'ti! 
 
 324 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Parker, F. W. Municipal ownership and graft. World Today, 
 ix, 721-724 (1905). 
 
 Parsons, Frank. City ownership and operation of street rail- 
 ways. Arena, xxv, 198-209 (1901). 
 
 An interesting popular argument for public ownership, in the form of 
 questions and answers. 
 
 , and Roberts, F. H. H. Municipal ownership debated. 
 
 Public Service, i, 67-75 (1906). 
 
 Papers before League of American municipalities. 
 
 " For." Frank Parsons, pp. 68-72. 
 
 " Against." F. H. H. Roberts, pp. 72-75. 
 
 Public interest demands public ownership. Moody's 
 
 Magazine, ii, 639-643 (1906). 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 Opposes use of public streets for private gain, and asserts that private 
 ownership of utilities causes corruption. 
 
 Public ownership. {In The city for the people. Phila- 
 delphia, 1900 ?) 17-254. 
 
 An arraignment of the public service corporations for alleged abuses 
 and corruption, and an argument for municipal ownership. Includes 
 many quotations from other writers and some statistics; very popular 
 in style. 
 
 Arena, xxix, 1 18-124 (1903). 
 
 A popular argument for municipal ownership, including a list of ten 
 reasons for great economies effected thereby. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 32s 
 
 .f' 
 
 Public ownership and low rates. Annals of the American 
 
 Academy of Political and Social Science, xxiv, 361-363 (1904). 
 
 Attempt to prove that public ownership tends to lower rates. Theoreti- 
 cal; with one chart. 
 
 Potts, A. F. A successful substitute for municipal ownership. 
 Municipal Engineering, xiv, 181-187 (1898). 
 An account of the Consumers' gas trust of Indianapolis. 
 
 American Monthly Review of Reviews, xx, 576-578 
 
 (1899). 
 
 Priestly, C. H. Municipal ownership of water undertakings. 
 Trans., British Association of Waterworks Engineers, x, 
 114-121 (1905). 
 Discussion: pp. 122-136. 
 
 RosEWATER, Victor. The case for municipal ownership of 
 electric lighting. Municipal Affairs, vi, 622-635 (1902). 
 
 RowE, L. S. Municipal ownership and operation: the value of 
 foreign experience. American Journal of Sociology, xii, 241- 
 
 253 (1906)- 
 
 Considers the results abroad of interest and as offering valuable lessons, 
 
 but not of great weight in making the final decision here, because of 
 
 different conditions. Favors municipal ownership. 
 The same article, with the omission of a few paragraphs, is printed in 
 
 the Proc., National Conference for Good City Government. 
 
 (In Problems of city government. New York, 1908.) 
 
 330^349- 
 Reprint. 
 
 Proc., National Conference for Good City Govern- 
 ment, 1906: 280-290. 
 
 RoYSE, C. A. Will public ownership increase or diminish politi- 
 cal corruption ? Arena, xxxviii, 373-384 (1907). 
 
 An historical sketch of political corruption in England from the earliest 
 times. The writer concludes that public ownership of monopolies will 
 decrease corruption. 
 
 Shaw, G. B. The common sense of municipal trading. London, 
 1908. 120 pp. 
 A very interesting argument for mimidpal socialism. 
 
 Shepard, E. M. City owning and leasing. Municipal Affairs, 
 vi, 714-720 (1902). 
 Rapid transit. 
 
 SmBLEY, G. H. Referendum and initiative in relation to mu- 
 nicipal ownership. Municipal Affairs, vi, 781-786 (1902). 
 
 Under majority rule through the initiative and referendimi, the writer 
 advocates municipal ownership. 
 
 Thompson, CD. Municipal ownership. {In National Civic 
 Federation. Shall the government own and operate the 
 railroads, etc. Affirmative side. New York, 191 5.) 71-108. 
 
 Warner, J. DeW. Should greater New York operate its street 
 railways ? Yes. Municipal Affairs, i, 421-457 (1897). 
 A popular, annotated study. 
 
 im 
 
■ 
 
 I 
 
 !:ii 
 
 m;: 
 
 326 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Municipal ownership. {In Municipal franchises. 
 New York, 191 1.) ii, 803-809. 
 
 Municipal ownership to purify politics. Moody's Maga- 
 
 zine, ii, 655-658 (1906). 
 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 
 Zangerle, J. A. The larger view of municipal ownership. 
 Cleveland, 1906 ? 67 pp. 
 An attempt to " divert public sentiment from the dollar view." 
 
 ZuEBLiN, Charles. Municipal ownership. {In American mu- 
 nicipal progress. Revised edition. New York, 191 6.) 359- 
 
 375- 
 
 OPPOSED 
 
 Agar, J. G. Shall American cities municipalize ? Value of 
 
 foreign experience as a guide. Municipal Affairs, iv, 13-23 
 
 (1900). 
 
 A popular description of municipal ownership in England and Germany, 
 and a comi>arison with American conditions. Opposes municipal 
 ownership in America for the present. 
 
 Allen, W. S. The gas supply and the public. Municipal 
 Affairs, vi, 656-667 (1902). 
 The writer advocates the sliding scale as preferable to municipalization. 
 
 Some problems of public ownership. North American Re- 
 
 view, cxcvii, 8r-2i (1913). 
 
 An interesting, popular discussion, the writer favoring proper regulation 
 instead of municipal ownership, based on logic and experience. 
 
 AvEBURY, J. L. The effect of municipal trading on private 
 enterprise. {In On municipal and national trading. New 
 York, 1907.) 
 
 A popular argument against municipal ownership, with many quotations 
 from other writers. 
 
 Municipal trading. Contemporary Review, Ixxviii, 28-37 
 
 (1900). 
 
 On current legislation; discusses public utilities only incidentally. 
 For a reply, see Robert Donald, " Municipal trading: a defense." 
 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 327 
 
 ' 
 
 Blake, H. W. Contrast between company and municipal owner- 
 ship and management of public utilities. Street Railway 
 Journal, xxvi, 28-31 (1905)- 
 
 Considers the results of municipal ownership in Great Britain, and ap- 
 plies them to conditions in the United States. 
 
 Bond, Walter. Municipal trading. Fortnightly Review, Ixxii 
 (new series, Ixvi), 669-682 (1899). 
 On " the fallacious arguments " for municipal trading. 
 
 Bourne, Jonathan, Jr. Evils of government ownership. Proc, 
 American Electric Railway Association, 1915: 114-120. 
 Discriminations and politics. 
 
 Aera, iv, 177-183 (1915)- 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 BowKER, R. R. Public control, ownership or operation of mu- 
 nicipal franchises? With especial reference to electric 
 lighting. Municipal Affairs, i, 605-630 (1897). 
 Includes a discussion of the results of municipal ownership in various 
 cities, United Sutes and foreign. 
 
 Brown, W. H. Public ownership and popular government. 
 
 American Journal of Sociology, xii, 328-340 (1906). 
 
 The writer believes the municipal ownership movement is due to 
 dissatisfaction with the conduct of the private companies, and re- 
 sentment against large aggregations of capital. Advocates proper 
 regulation as the best solution of the problem. 
 
 BuRDETT, E. W. The agitation for municipal ownership in the 
 United States: its origin, meaning and proper treatment. 
 Proc., National Electric Light Association, 1906; vol. i, 
 
 537-555- 
 
 The writer believes it due very largely to resentment against abuses of 
 great wealth and corporate facilities. After an analysis of municipal 
 ownership results in Great Britain, which he considers less successful 
 than commonly thought, he concludes that success there would not 
 mean success here. 
 
 Cause of municipal ownership agitation. Moody's Mag- 
 azine, ii, 501-503 (1906). 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: S5rmposium. 
 
h\k 
 
 328 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 BURDETT, E. W. Municipal ownership in Great Britain. Jour- 
 nal of Political Economy, xiv, 257-314 (1906). 
 An exceUent and thorough study of results, with tables of statistics, 
 rhe wnter concludes that as a whole municipal ownership there has 
 not been successful, and that success would not mean similar results 
 in this country because of diflFerent conditions. These conditions are 
 also analyzed, and there is a good summary. 
 
 Municipal ownership in the United States. Inter-Nation, 
 n. s. no. 3, 44-60 (1906). 
 
 Cahoon, J. B. A business argument against municipal owner- 
 ship. City Government, vii, 78-80 (1899). 
 
 Municipal electric lighting opposed. Municipal Affairs 
 VI, 636-647 (1902). ' 
 
 A critical analysis of results in the United States; with a table of sta- 
 tistics. 
 
 Clark, W. J. The figures in the case. Public Service, iv. 80- 
 94(1908). 
 
 Relates chiefly to municipal ownership in Great Britain. 
 
 Municipal ownership in Great Britain and in the United 
 States. Proc, American Street and Interurban Railway 
 Association, 1907: 271-284. 
 
 A comparison of English and American street railways, with analysis 
 of results. The conclusions are strongly in favor of private operaUon. 
 
 Clews, Henry. Municipal ownership a delusion. Moody's 
 Magazine, ii, 515-516 (1906). 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 
 Cravath, J. R. The municipal ownership of electric light plants. 
 
 World Today, xii, 374-379 (1907). 
 
 A very good popular discussion, the conclusion being that private 
 ownership is preferable for the present and municipal ownership 
 eventually. *^ 
 
 Daniels, W. M. Municipal ownership. Proc, American Po- 
 litical Science Association, ii, 105-113 (1905). 
 Discussion: pp. 113-125. The writer beheves that the desirability of 
 mumapal ownership is not proved; and that economic considerations 
 are of great importance in making a decision. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 329 
 
 Daniels, W. M. Municipal ownership. Publications, American 
 
 Economic Association, 3d series, vii, 133-143 (1906). 
 
 Advocates franchise taxation and compensation instead of municipal 
 ownership. 
 
 Davies, D. H. The cost of municipal enterprise. Journal of 
 
 the Society of Arts, xlvii, 224-237 (1899). 
 
 An argument against municipal ownership because of increasing mu- 
 nicipal indebtedness, and answers to various arguments; includes 
 tables and charts. 
 
 The cost of municipal trading. Journal of the Society of 
 
 Arts, Ii, 189-203 (1903). 
 
 DoHERTY, H. L. Some features of municipal ownership. Ameri- 
 can Gas Light Journal, Ixxix, 684-688 (1903). 
 
 A discussion of arguments for and against municipalization, the writer 
 considering municipal ownership largely a fad, prompted by dislike 
 for all corporations. 
 
 FooTE, A. R. Municipal ownership problem solved. Moody's 
 Magazine, iii, 720-726 (1907). 
 Regulation is stated to be the solution. 
 
 No government should operate an industry. Municipal 
 
 Affairs, i, 245-289 (1897). 
 
 A reply to E. M. Grout, " New York City should own the gas supply." 
 
 Francis, V. H. Why municipal plants are failures. Public 
 Service, xiii, 27-32 (1912). 
 
 Francisco, M. J. Municipal ownership: its fallacy, with legal 
 and editorial opinions, tables and cost of lights as furnished 
 by private companies and municipal plants. Rutland, 1893. 
 104 pp. 
 
 Freeman, W. W. Municipal ownership uneconomic. Moody's 
 Magazine, ii, 520-521 (1906). 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 
 Gaskill, D. L. Causes of failures in municipal lighting. Con- 
 cerning Municipal Ownership, iii, 215-218, 235-238 (1908). 
 
 Public Service, v, 88-90 (1908). 
 
 
 
330 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 GoNDEN, H. J. Regulation vs. municipal ownership. Public 
 Service, iii, 105-107 (1907). 
 
 Robbing Peter. Public Service, xvii, 37-38 (1914). 
 
 Discusses concealment in municipal plant reports. 
 
 GuYOT, Yves. Where and why public ownership has failed. 
 New York, 1914. 459 pp. 
 
 Book I. Public and private trading operations. 
 
 n. Financial results of government and municipal ownership. 
 
 III. Administrative results. 
 
 IV. Political and social consequence of public operation. 
 
 Hamlen, E. W. Glasgow and its municipal tramways. Moody's 
 Magazine, ii, 652-655 (1906). 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 A brief comparison of Glasgow and Boston traction, favoring private 
 ownership. 
 
 HiGGiNS, E. E. Municipal and private management of street 
 railways: a study of results and possibilities. Municipal 
 Affairs, i, 458-490 (1897). 
 
 A long, popular discussion, with tables and diagrams. The writer is 
 strongly opposed to municipal ownership, and favors profit sharing 
 and other contractual regulations. 
 
 Hill, J. W. Municipal ownership of public utilities. Proc., 
 Central States Waterworks Association, 1907: 16-32. 
 Discussion: pp. 32-33. 
 
 Engineering News, Iviii, 380-381 (1907). 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 331 
 
 World Today, xii, 621-625 (1907). 
 
 Hunter, W. R. Municipal ownership of utilities. Public Ser- 
 vice, i, 23-25 (1906). 
 
 Hutchinson, R. W., Jr. The quesUon of municipal ownership. 
 Public Service, ii, 87-89 (1907). 
 
 Jones, C. L. American municipal services from the standpoint 
 
 of the entrepreneur. Annals of the American Academy of 
 
 Political and Social Science, xxviii, 371-384 (1906). 
 
 Academic discussion of both sides of the question, the writer favoring 
 private ownership under proper restrictions. 
 
 Kent, C. A. Suggestions for and against municipal ownership 
 of public utilities. Publications of the Michigan Political 
 Science Association, v, 349-370 (1904). 
 Discussion: pp. 371-388. 
 
 LocKWOOD, H. A. Are our municipalities to become business 
 corporations ? Concerning Municipal Ownership, iii, 47-52 
 (1908). 
 
 Marston, Glenn. The fallacies of municipal ownership. Public 
 Service, xiv, 107-108, 147-149, 187-188 (1913). 
 
 Guarding against municipal plant agitation. Electrical 
 
 Review and Western Electrician, bdx, 632-633 (1916). 
 
 A discussion of alleged causes of the municipal ownership agitation; 
 
 with suggested remedies. 
 See also his " Poor service causes mimicipal ownership." 
 
 Poor service causes municipal ownership. Electrical Re- 
 
 view and Western Electrician, bdx, 806-807 (1916). 
 
 Martin, T. C. Municipal ownership always a failure. Moody's 
 Magazine, ii, 526-529 (1906). 
 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 Includes a table of statistics^ 
 
 Meyer, H. R. Great Britain's lesson. Moody's Magazine, ii, 
 532-534 (1906). 
 
 In Mimicipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 The writer asserts that lack of corruption in England is not a valid 
 argument, for there was none before municipalization. 
 
 National Civic Federation. Shall the government own and 
 operate the railroads, the telegraph and telephone systems ? 
 Shall the municipalities own their utilities ? Negative side. 
 New York, 1915. 119 pp. 
 
 Owen, Mark. Why mimicipal ownership cannot be financially 
 profitable. Concerning Municipal Ownership, vi, 176-180 
 
 (1913)- 
 Parsons, Frank, and Roberts, F. H. H. Municipal owner- 
 ship debated. Public Service, i, 67-75 (1906). 
 
 Bapers before League of American municipalities. 
 
 " For." Frank Parsons, pp. 68-72. 
 
 " Against.'' F. H. H. Roberts, pp. 72-75. 
 
332 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Porter, R. P. The dangers of municipal ownership. New York, 
 
 1907- 356 pp. 
 
 An historical study of municipal ownership in Great Britain, with 
 application of the conclusion to conditions in the United States. 
 
 The dangers of municipal trading. London, 1907. 320 pp. 
 
 An EngKsh reprint of " The dangers of municipal ownership," with 
 two additional chapters. 
 
 European and American methods and results compared. 
 
 Municipal Affairs, vi, 539-578 (1902). 
 
 A popular historical discussion and comparison of municipal ownership 
 in Great Britain and private ownership m the United States; with 
 tables of data. 
 
 Municipal trading: European and American methods and 
 
 results compared — the views of an advocate of private owner- 
 ship of all public utilities. Municipal Journal and Engineer, 
 xiv, 222-224, 269-273; XV, 4-8 (1903). 
 
 RosECRANTZ, C. M. Some limitations and objections to mu- 
 nicipal ownership. Annals of the American Academy of 
 Political and Social Science, Ivii, 254-273 (1915). 
 
 Defense of the companies, and good summary of arguments for private 
 ownership. 
 
 Sells, E. W. Corporate management compared with govern- 
 ment control. Concerning Municipal Ownership, iii, 107- 
 108 (1908). 
 
 The writer states that in his experience as an accountant he has gener- 
 ally found company management economical and municipal manage- 
 ment the reverse. 
 
 Simmons, F. G. Private versus municipal ownership. Public 
 Service, i, 87-90 (1906). 
 
 Sloan, H. M. Municipal ownership and operation of street 
 railways. Street Railway Review, xii, 211-213 (1902). 
 
 Standrod, D. W. a utility conunissioner's view of municipal 
 ownership. Public Service, xv, 151-152 (1913). 
 
 Sullivan, J. W. City transit systems: municipal vs. company 
 ownership and operation. {In National Civic Federation. 
 Shall the government own and operate the railroads, etc. 
 Negative side. New York, 191 5.) ioa-119. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 333 
 
 Sullivan, J. W. Municipalization or a just regulation? A 
 plea for the facts. {In National Civic Federation. Shall the 
 government own and operate the railroads, etc. Negative 
 side. New York, 191 5.) 60-75. 
 
 Thurber, F. B. Some arguments against municipal ownership. 
 North American Review, clxxxii, 853-860 (1906). 
 
 TowLER, W. G. Socialism in local government. New York, 
 
 1909- 336 pp. 
 
 A popular study of the increase in municipal socialism in Great Britain, 
 the writer oppo^ng municipal trading. 
 
 Tyng, L. H. Private vs. public operation of gas companies. 
 Moody's Magazine, iv, 244-247 (1907). 
 
 A very popular argument for private operation because of greater 
 initiative and efficiency. 
 
 Webster, W. A. American principles in business and politics. 
 Concerning Municipal Ownership, iii, 67-70 (1908). 
 
 Williams, Arthur. Municipal ownership costly and dangerous. 
 Moody's Magazine, ii, 643-649 (1906). 
 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 Experience in various places shows that private operation is cheaper 
 and there is less political danger. 
 
 Municipal ownership of public utilities. {In Y. M. C. A., 
 
 New York, West Side Branch. Public utility economics. 
 
 New York, 19 14.) 31-44. 
 
 A very popular argument against municipal ownership, with brief 
 reference to the alleged unsuccessful results in different places. 
 
 WoRTHiNGTON, Thomas. Regulation vs. municipal ownership. 
 Public Service, xvi, 23-25 (1914). 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 United States and Foreign 
 
 Agar, J. G. Shall American cities municipalize ? Value of 
 foreign experience as a guide. Municipal Affairs, iv, 13-23 
 (1900). 
 
 A popular description of municipal ownership in England and Germany, 
 and a comparison with American conditions. Opposes municipal 
 ownership in America for the present. 
 
 I 
 
334 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 American Academy of Political and Social Science. Municipal 
 ownership and municipal franchises. Annals of the American 
 Academy of Political and Social Science, xxvii, no. i (1906). 
 258 pp. 
 
 Glasgow's experience with municipal ownership and operation. Robert 
 
 Crawford. 
 The water, gas and electric light supply of London. Percy Ashley. 
 Municipal ownership and operation of street railways in Germany. 
 
 L. S. Rowe. 
 
 Transportation facilities and street railway traffic in London. Lynden 
 
 Macassey. 
 The movement for municipal ownership in Chicago. H. S. Grosser. 
 Street railway franchises in Massachusetts. W. S. Allen. 
 The gas, electric light, water and street railway services in New York 
 
 City. R. G. Monroe. 
 Madrid: its government and municipal services. C. L. Jones. 
 The problems of city government from the administrative point of view. 
 
 J. A. Fairlie. 
 Home rule charter movements in Missouri. J. W. S. Peters. 
 Baltimore under its new charter. William Reynolds. 
 Significance of the recent reform movement in Philadelphia. F. S. 
 
 Edmonds. 
 Municipal progress, 1904-1905. C. R. Woodruff. 
 The relation of the Amaican mimicipalities to the gas and electric 
 
 light service. Symposium. 
 Constitutional limitations relating to cities and their affau^. R. W. 
 
 Skinner, Jr. 
 
 Baker, N. D. Mimidpal ownership. Annals of the American 
 Academy of Political and Social Science, Ivii, 188-193 (1915). 
 
 States that municipal ownership in Europe was undertaken primarily 
 to lessen taxation; in the United States because of abuses by the 
 companies. 
 
 Bemis, E. W. Gas. {In Municipal monopolies. 4th edition. 
 New York, 1904.) 587-628. 
 
 An historical sketch of private and municipal ownership in various 
 cities of the United States and Great Britain. 
 
 Street railways. {In Municipal monopolies. 4th edition. 
 
 New York, 1904.) 505-583. 
 
 Public ownership in America: 565-569. 
 British experience: 569-583. 
 
 An extensive historical study. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 335 
 
 BowKER, R. R. Public control, ownership or operation of mu- 
 nicipal franchises ? With especial reference to electric light- 
 ing. Municipal Affairs, i, 605-630 (1897). 
 Includes a discussion of the results of municipal ownership m various 
 cities, United States and foreign. 
 
 Clark, W. J. Public utilities here and abroad. Aera, iii, 451- 
 
 464 (1914). 
 
 A general survey of utility development, with tables of statistics. 
 
 Commons, J. R. Labor and municipal politics. {In Labor and 
 administration. New York, 1913.) 158-194. 
 A reprint of his " Labor and politics." 
 
 Labor and politics. {In National Civic Federation. Mu- 
 nicipal and private operation of public utiKties. New York, 
 1907.) Pt. I, vol. i, 88-112. 
 On the eflFect of mimicipal ownership on labor conditions and politics 
 
 in Great Britain and the United States. 
 See also J. W. SulUvan, " The labor report." 
 
 Curtis, C. E. Street railways and their relation to the public. 
 Yale Review, vi, 17-36 (1897). 
 
 A very good, early review of comparative franchise and mimicipal 
 ownership history in the United States, Canada and Great Britain. 
 
 Fairlie, J. A. Essays in municipal administration. New York, 
 
 1908. 374 pp. 
 
 Ch. viii. Recent legislation on mimicipal functions in the United States, 
 xi. Municipal electric lighting in Detroit. 
 XV. Municipal activities in Great Britain, 
 xvi. Municipal conditions in some European cities, 
 xvii. Mimicipal government in Vienna, 
 rviii. Municipal government in Italy. 
 Includes discussion of municipal ownership in various cities of Europe 
 and America. 
 
 Mimicipal improvements. {In Municipal administration. 
 
 New York, 1901.) 225-313. 
 
 Waterworks, public lighting and urban transportation, 270-300. 
 
 Municipal ownership, 310-313. 
 
 A very general and elementary historical treatment. 
 
 Francisco, M. J. Municipal ownership vs. private corporations : 
 with legal and editorial opinions, tables and cost of lights as 
 
336 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 furnished by private companies and municipal plants, with 
 list of municipal plants that have been sold or abandoned. 
 Containing also a comparison of EngUsh and American gas 
 and railway plants. RuUand, 1898. 150 pp. 
 
 HowE,F.C. Municipal ownership in Europe. (/« The modem 
 city and its problems. New York, 1915.) 176-193. 
 
 Mum'cipal ownership: the testimony of foreign experience. 
 Annals of the American Academy of PoUtical and Social 
 Science, Ivii, 194-208 (1915). 
 
 Discusses munidpaJ ownership in Great Britain and Germany especiaUy. 
 favors municipal ownership here. 
 
 (^« National Civic Federation. Shall the government 
 
 own and operate the railroads, etc. Affirmative side. New 
 York, 1915.) 31-48. 
 
 Martin, John. Business thrift in American and European 
 aties, especially with respect to franchises. Proc, National 
 Conference for Good City Government. 1905: 154-169. 
 
 Porter, R. P. Municipal trading. Engineering, kxiv, 39(^-394 
 (1902). 
 
 A comparison of municipal ownership in the United States and Great 
 Jontam. 
 
 Municipal trading: European and American methods and 
 results compared — the views of an advocate of private 
 ownership of all public utilities. Municipal Journal and 
 Engineer, xiv, 222-224, 269-273; xv, 4-8 (1903). 
 
 RoBBiNS, Hayes. PubHc ownership versus pubhc control. 
 American Journal of Sociology, x, 787-813 (1905). 
 A discussion and comparison of the results m Great Britain and the 
 United States. The street railway systems of Glasgow and Boston 
 
 re^ti^ ^^ ^' ^^''^' ^^"''^'^ ^"""^^^ ownership under 
 
 RowE, L. S. The relation of the city to public utilities. {In 
 Problems of city government. New York, 1908.) 208-240. 
 A good elementary discussion, including an historical comparison of 
 mumcipal and pnvate plants (pp. 218-231), and tables of statisUcs. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 337 
 
 Sullivan, J. W. The labor report. {In National Civic Federa- 
 tion. Municipal and private operation of public utilities. 
 New York, 1907.) Ft. I, vol. i, 60-87. 
 
 On the effect of municipal ownership on labor conditions and politics in 
 
 Great Britain and the United States. 
 See also J. R. Commons, " Labor and politics." 
 
 Municipal and private operation of public utilities: relative 
 
 to the labor report of the National civic federation committee 
 on public ownership and operation. New York, 1908. 128 
 
 pp. 
 
 A reply to criticism of his " The labor report." 
 
 Williams, Arthur. Municipal ownership costly and dangerous. 
 Moody's Magazine, ii, 643-649 (1906). 
 
 In Mimicipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 Experience in various places shows that private operation is cheaper 
 and there is less political danger. 
 
 Municipal ownership of public utilities. {In Y. M. C. A., 
 
 New York, West Side Branch. Public utility economics. 
 New York, 1914) 3i~44- 
 
 Includes brief reference to the alleged unsuccessful results in different 
 places. 
 
 United States — General 
 
 Adams, A. D. Cost of municipal vs. private gas. Municipal 
 
 Journal and Engineer, xv, 13-14 (1903)- 
 
 Includes an analytical table of the average cost of gas m the private and 
 mimicipal plants of each state. 
 
 Gas rates in the United States. Municipal Journal and 
 
 Engineer, xiii, 63-65 (1902). 
 
 Adams, H. C. Relation of municipal government to public 
 works in the United States. Publications, American Eco- 
 nomic Association, ii, 507-532 (1888). 
 
 In The relation of modern municipalities to quasi-public works. 
 Report of an investigation of municipal ownership of gas; includes 
 a table of prices charged. 
 
338 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 American Academy of PoUtical and Social Science. The relation 
 of the municipality to the water supply: a symposium. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science, xxx, 557-592 (1907). 
 For contents see p. 29. 
 
 Baker, M. N. Municipal ownership and operation of water- 
 works. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, Ivii, 279-281 (1915). 
 
 Waterworks. {In Bemis, E. W. Municipal monopolies. 
 
 4th edition. New York, 1904.) 3-52. 
 
 A thorough comparative and critical study of municipal and private 
 operation of waterworks in the United States. The writer favors 
 municipal ownership; includes many tables of statistics. 
 
 Beard, C. A. Municipal ownership. (/« American city govern- 
 ment. New York, 191 2.) 218-241. 
 
 Bemis, E. W. The latest electric hght reports. {In Municipal 
 monopolies. 4th edition. New York, 1904.) 183-285. 
 A thorough statistical comparison of municipal and private operation, 
 
 the writer favoring municipal ownership. Includes many tables of 
 
 statistics of operation and of rates. 
 
 Municipal operation vs. private operation of municipal 
 
 monopolies: United States. {In National Civic Federation. 
 Municipal and private operation of public utilities. New 
 York, 1907.) Pt. I, vol. i, 122-185. 
 
 An extended analysis of the results of municipal operation. The writer 
 concludes that it is conclusively demonstrated that the municipal 
 plants have done far better for taxpayer and consumer than have the 
 private plants. 
 
 Mimicipal ownership of gas in the U. S. Publications, 
 
 American Economic Association, vi, 295-471 (1891). 
 
 Extensive study of results, with many tables of data and some dis- 
 cussion. 
 
 Bradford, E. S. Municipal electric lighting. Madison, 1906. 
 22 pp. 
 
 Wisconsin free Hbrary commission, Comparative l^islation bulletin 
 no. 5. 
 
 Includes statistics of municipal electric plants in various places. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 339 
 
 Bradford, E. S. Municipal electric lighting. Municipal Journal 
 
 and Engineer, xxiii, 213-217 (1907)- 
 
 Review of statistics and conditions in the United States; including the 
 
 relative increase in municipal and private plants; with references 
 
 and tables of statistics. 
 
 Municipal gas lighting. Madison, 1906. 18 pp. 
 
 Wisconsin free library conmiission. Comparative legislation bulletin 
 
 no. 8. 
 Includes statistics of mimicipal gas plants in various cities. 
 
 BuRDETT, Frederick, and Forstall, A. E. Engineering mat- 
 ters: United States gas works. {In National Civic Federa- 
 tion. Municipal and private operation of public utilities. 
 New York, 1907.) Pt. 11, vol. i, 537-567- 
 
 Cahoon, J. B. Municipal electric lighting opposed. Municipal 
 
 Affairs, vi, 636-647 (1902). 
 
 A critical analysis of the results of mimicipal operation in the United 
 States; with a table of statistics. 
 
 Commons, J. R., and Sullivan, J. W. Labor and politics: 
 United States gas works. {In National Civic Federation. 
 Municipal and private operation of public utilities. New 
 York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 490-536. 
 
 Labor and politics: United States water, gas and 
 
 electricity. {In National Civic Federation. Municipal and 
 private operation of public utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. 
 II, vol. i, 885-907. 
 
 Municipal electric lighting. Municipal Affairs, i, 631-673 
 
 (1897). 
 
 A thorough comparative and critical study of municipal and private 
 operation in the United States. Includes many tables of statistics of 
 operation and of rates. The writer favors municipal ownership. 
 
 {In Bemis, E. W. Municipal monopolies. 4th 
 
 edition. New York, 1904-) 55-180. 
 Reprint. 
 
 DuKAND, E. D. Street railway franchises, public regulation and 
 public ownership in the United States of America. Royal 
 Conunission on London Traffic, iv, 593-609 (1906). 
 Comprehensive discussion and tabulation of the laws of various states. 
 
■'' 'r 
 
 i!. 
 
 liiht; 
 
 
 M 
 
 m 
 
 
 fill'. 
 
 340 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Fairlie, J. A. Recent extensions of municipal functions in the 
 United States. Annals of the American Academy of Political 
 and Social Science, xxv, 299-310 (1905). 
 
 Municipal ownership: pp. 304-308. Brief account of recent municipal 
 ownership and franchise history in the United States. Includes 
 tables of the geographical distribution of municipal and private 
 water and electric plants. 
 
 Recent legislation on municipal functions in the United 
 
 States. {In Essays in municipal administration. New York, 
 1908.) 145-163. 
 
 Municipal ownership: pp. 152-158. Revised reprint. 
 
 Francisco, M. J. The business of mumapalities and private 
 corporations compared: data that proves municipal owner- 
 ship waste exceeds corporate profit. Rutland, 1905 ? 136 pp. 
 
 Many plants considered alphabeticaUy by cities; only a sentence or 
 two about each. 
 
 Municipalities vs. private corporations: political and busi- 
 ness management. Rutland, 1900. 172 pp. 
 *' Tables showing cost of lights furnished by private companies and 
 municipal plants, a list of municipal plants sold or abandoned, ex- 
 perience of municipalities, legal and editorial opinions." 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 341 
 
 Municipal ownership: its fallacy, with legal and editorial 
 opinions, tables and cost of lights as furnished by private 
 companies and municipal plants. Rutland, 1893. 104 pp. 
 Arranged by cities, with only a few sentences about each. 
 
 GoNDEN, H. J. Robbing Peter. Public Service, xvii, 37-38 
 (1914). 
 Discusses conceahnent in municipal plant reports. 
 
 Gray, J. H. General history and legislation: United States gas 
 works. (In National Civic Federation. Municipal and pri- 
 vate operation of public utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. 11, 
 vol. i, 426-489. 
 
 General history and legislation: United States waterworks. 
 
 (In National Civic Federation. Municipal and private opera- 
 tion of public utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 
 1-135. 
 
 GwiNN, D. R. Water rates charged in 375 cities. Proc, Ameri- 
 can Waterworks Association, xxviii, 209-222 (1908). 
 
 Discussion: 223-238. Tabulated results of a questionnaire. 
 Rates of private plants: pp. 216-218; rates of municipal plants: pp. 
 219-222. 
 
 Hard, William, and Gray, J. H. General history and legisla- 
 tion: United States electricity works. (In National Civic 
 Federation. Municipal and private operation of public util- 
 ities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 665-748. 
 Considers Chicago, Detroit and South Norwalk only. 
 
 Haskins, C. W., and Johnson, J. F. The recent history of mu- 
 nicipal ownership in the United States. Municipal Affairs, 
 
 vi, 524-538 (1903)- 
 
 A general historical sketch. The writers conclude that the insufficient 
 
 and controversial evidence makes a general decision impossible at 
 
 present. 
 
 Henderson, C. R. Competitive waterworks. Proc, American 
 
 Waterworks Association, xxviii, 519-524 (1908). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 525-527. A brief account of competition by municipal 
 plants in various cities, with discussion of the cause and results. 
 
 Howe, F. C. Municipal ownership in America. (In The modem 
 city and its problems. New York, 191 5.) 165-175. 
 
 KoiNER, C. W. Municipal ownership and operation of electric 
 
 utilities on the Pacific coast. Proc, American Society of 
 
 Municipal Improvements, 1914: 347-367. 
 
 A brief discussion of the plants and operating results in various western 
 cities; includes tables. 
 
 Marston, Glenn. Facts on municipal ownership in 268 towns 
 and cities. Chicago, 191 5. 32 pp. 
 Alphabetical by cities; only a few sentences about each city. 
 
 The fallacies of municipal ownership. Public Service, xiv, 
 
 107-108, 147-149, 187-188 (1913)- 
 
 A popular argument against municipal ownership, with brief discussion 
 of the results in various places. 
 
 200 municipal ownership failures. Chicago, 191 2 ? 29 pp. 
 
 Arranged by cities, with only a sentence about each. 
 
342 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Marwick, Mitchell and CoBn»ANY. Financial matters: United 
 States electricity works. {In National Civic Federation. 
 Municipal and private operation of public utilities. New 
 York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 803-844. 
 Considers Allegheny, Chicago, Detroit and South Norwalk only. 
 
 Financial matters: United States waterworks. {In 
 
 National Civic Federation. Municipal and private opera- 
 tion of public utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 
 353-425. 
 
 Maury, D. H. Engineering matters: United States waterworks. 
 {In National Civic Federation. Municipal and private 
 operation of public utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 
 159-352. 
 
 RosEWATER, Victor. Mum'cipal ownership of electric lighting. 
 
 Independent, Iv, 93-96 (1903). 
 
 A brief but interesting account of the growth of the municipal owner- 
 ship movement in the United States; with one table of statistics. 
 The writer favors mimicipalization. 
 
 Stebbins, Theodore, and Phelps, C. E., Jr. Engineering 
 matters: United States electricity works. {In National 
 Civic Federation. Municipal and private operation of 
 pubUc utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 759-802. 
 Considers Allegheny, Chicago, Detroit and South Norwalk only. 
 
 Sullivan, J. W., and CoimoNS, J. R. Labor and politics; 
 United States waterworks. {In National Civic Federation. 
 Municipal and private operation of public utilities. New 
 York, 1907.) Pt. n, vol. i, 136-158. 
 
 U. S. Bureau of the Census. Street and electric railways, 1902. 
 Washington, 1905. 439 pp. 
 Franchises, public regulation and public ownership: pp. 126-148. 
 
 Street and electric railways, 1907. Washington, 1910. 
 
 575 pp. 
 
 Foreign tramways and electric railways: pp. 300-323. 
 
 Warner, G.E. Public ownership of lighting plant. City Govern- 
 ment, vi, 50-52 (1899). 
 On municipal ownership history in Rochester and elsewhere. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 343 
 
 Whipple, F. H. The cost of public lighting. {In Municipal 
 lighting. Detroit, 1889.) 120-217. 
 Alphabetical, by cities. 
 
 The ownership of central stations. {In Municipal lighting. 
 
 Detroit, 1889.) 80-106. 
 Alphabetical by cities. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Street railway resettlements and negotiations 
 for municipal ownership. National Munidi>al Review, iii, 
 
 745-751 (1914). 
 
 Alabama 
 Birmingham 
 
 Gordon, F. G. R. Municipal ownership in Birmingham. Con- 
 cerning Municipal Ownership, ix, 174-175 (iQi^)- 
 
 California 
 
 Whittlesey, J. T. The success of municipal lighting plants in 
 CaUfomia. Pacific Municipalities, xxvii, 701-712 (1913); 
 xxviii, 5-16 (1914). 
 
 Alameda 
 
 GoLDSWORTHY, A. D. Municipal electric lighting in Alameda, 
 
 California. American City, xi, 144-146 (1914)- 
 
 Brief description, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Kahn, J. B. Alameda municipal electric light plant. Journal of 
 Electricity, Power and Gas, xxxi, 455-460 (1913)- 
 History and description, with photographs and statistics. 
 
 Glendale 
 
 Allison, LeR. W. Glendale municipal electric lighting plant. 
 
 Power, xlii, 60-61 (1915). 
 
 A very brief account of the plant and its operating results. 
 
 Palo Alto 
 
 Byxbee, J. F., Jr. Experience with the diesel-engine in the mu- 
 nicipal power plant of Palo Alto, Calif. Engineering and 
 Contracting, xlv, 44-47 (191 6). 
 Engineering description, with one photograph. 
 
344 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 34S 
 
 Pasadena 
 
 Cakr, W. J. Does municipal ownership pay ? Pasadena's suc- 
 cess in municipal ownership and certain aspects of the enter- 
 prise. Pacific Municipalities, xxvii, 142-145 (1913). 
 
 KoiNER, C. W. Pasadena's municipal light and power plant. 
 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science, Ivii, 209-227 (191 5). 
 
 Historical account, with tables of rates charged. Favors municipal 
 ownership. 
 
 Slavin, Matthew. Municipal electricity in Pasadena. Public 
 Service, viii, 105-108 (1910). 
 
 Riverside 
 
 Backstrand, C. F. Riverside's municipal power plant. Journal 
 
 of Electricity, Power and Gas, xxx, 153-155 (1913). 
 
 Engineering description, with photographs. 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 Baldwin, A. S. Shall San Francisco municipalize its water 
 
 supply ? Municipal Affairs, iv, 317-328 (1900). 
 
 A popular analysis, opposing municipal ownership under the existing 
 cirounstances. 
 
 Cleary, a. J. Municipal street railways. Engineering News, 
 Ixxiii, 320-324 (1915). 
 
 In a series of articles entided " The municipal engineering works of 
 
 San Francisco." 
 A good description, illustrated with photographs and diagrams, and 
 
 including some statistics. 
 
 San Francisco's new municipal street railways. Engineer- 
 ing News, Ixxii, 1020-1022 (1914). 
 An engineering description, illustrated with a photograph and map. 
 
 Ost, p. J. The municipal railways of San Francisco. Journal of 
 Electricity, Power and Gas, xxxiii, 333-340 (1914). 
 Description, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Walcott, E. a. The municipal railways of San Francisco. 
 
 National Municipal Review, iii, 554-556 (1914). 
 
 A brief analysis of results, the writer concluding that the undertaking 
 has been a success. 
 
 
 San Francisco — continued. 
 
 ZuEBLiN, Charles. Municipal railway regulation. {In Ameri- 
 can municipal progress. Revised edition. New York, 191 6.) 
 
 30-54. 
 
 San Francisco's municipal railway: pp. 52-54. 
 
 Brief historical sketch; very popular. 
 
 Santa Clara 
 
 Moore, C. E. Experience with a municipal gas plant. Public 
 Service, ii, 51-52 (1907). 
 
 History of municipal ownership in Santa Clara, with conclusions as to 
 the general desirability of municipal ownership. 
 
 Connecticut 
 Norwich 
 Jensen, M. E. Experiment conducted at Norwich, Conn. New 
 
 England Magazine, n.s., xxxv, 338-342 (1906). 
 
 Description of the municipal plant, and analysis of results. 
 
 South Norwalk 
 
 Winchester, A. E. South Norwalk's municipal electric works. 
 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 
 
 Science, Ivii, 228-245 (1915)- 
 
 Historical, with comparison of the private and munic^>al plants. Be- 
 lieves that success depends on local conditions. 
 
 Wallingford 
 
 Pierce, A. L. Municipal lighting in Wallingford, Conn. Mu- 
 nicipal Affairs, vi, 820-823 (1903). 
 Very brief historical sketch, with analysis of results. 
 
 Florida 
 Jacksonville 
 Austin, C. C. Jacksonville municipal power plant. Power, 
 
 xxxvii, 622-624 (1913). 
 
 Description, with photographs and diagrams. 
 
 Barrs, J. M. Municipal ownership in Jacksonville, Florida. 
 
 Proc, National Conference for Good City Government, 1906: 
 
 257-265. 
 
 An analysis of the results of operation, the writer favoring municipal 
 ownership. • 
 
346 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 Jacksonville — continued. 
 
 Deacon, W.G. The truth about JacksonviUe. Public Service 
 xvi, 113-117 (1914). ' 
 
 Experience with the municipal electric plant; includes one photograph. 
 Gordon, F. G. R. The Jacksonville municipal electric lighting 
 plant. Concerning Municipal Ownership, ix, 153-155 (1016) 
 Analysis of results. ^o \ y /• 
 
 WoRTHiNGTON, Thomas. Regulation vs, municipal ownerehip. 
 Public Service, xvi, 23-25 (1914). 
 
 A popular argument against municipal ownership, with brief reference 
 to the mumapal plants of Jacksonville. 
 
 Georgia 
 Collier, W. R. The sale of current to municipally owned dis- 
 tnbuting systems by central stations. Electrical Review and 
 Western Electrician, Ixvii, 890-893 (1915). 
 
 ^Sr ^^ '^"^^^ ""^ ^ ^^""^^ ^ ^'^' ^"^^^^^^ ^ith tables and 
 Atlanta 
 
 Beck, H. C. Atlanta's municipal waterworks. Public Service 
 
 u, 137-140 (1907). 
 
 A statistical analysis of results. 
 Quitman 
 
 Crowell, F. B. Quitman municipal water and light plant 
 Power, xliii, 786-787 (1916). 
 Description, with photographs and tables. 
 
 Idaho 
 
 Walker, H.B. Government furnishes cheap electricity Power 
 
 xli, 228-229 (1915). ' 
 
 Elec^dty sold to small towns in southern Idaho by a government 
 
 hydroelectric plant which forms part of the Middokf SS 
 
 project. Gives tables of rates charged. ^<^^u , 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Illinois Bureau of Labor Statistics. Report, 1898. Springfield 
 1899. 271pp. '^ ^ ' 
 
 Private and municipal ownership of pubUc works: pp. 3-41. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 347 
 
 Norton, W. J. Illinois public utility conmiission law and mu- 
 nicipal ownership law: with annotations, marginal notes and 
 index digest. Chicago, 19 13. 200 pp. 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Commons, J. R. Economic and social factors in Chicago mu- 
 nicipal lighting. Municipal Affairs, vi, 109-115 (1902). 
 
 An historical analysis, with conclusions favorable to mimidpal owner- 
 ship; includes tables of statistics. 
 
 Darrow, C. S. The Chicago traction question. International 
 
 Quarterly, xii, 13-22 (1905). 
 
 History of street railways in Chicago, and of the municipal ownership 
 movement. 
 
 Dunne, E. F. Municipal ownership in Chicago. Moody's 
 
 Magazine, ii, 522-526 (1906). 
 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposiimi. 
 Popular, historical accoimt of the attempt to municipalize traction in 
 Chicago. Favors mimicipal ownership. 
 
 Ellicott, E. B. Chicago's experience with municipal lighting. 
 Mimicipal Affairs, vi, 815-820 (1903). 
 Popular historical and analytical treatment. 
 
 Chicago's lighting plant: its progress under municipal 
 
 ownership. Mimicipal Engineering, xx, 33-35 (1901). 
 
 Abstract. An accoimt of the results of municipal ownership in Chicago; 
 the writer favoring municipalization. 
 
 Municipal electric lighting in Chicago. Engineering Record, 
 
 xliii, 176-180 (1901). 
 
 Brief abstract of a report of thirteen years* operation. 
 
 The Robert A. Waller municipal lighting plant. Journal of 
 
 the Western Society of Engineers, v, 566-569 (1900). 
 Discussion: pp. 569-570. A brief engineering description. 
 
 Thirteen years' experience with municipal street lighting 
 
 at Chicago, 111. Engineering News, xlv, 317 (1901). 
 Very brief abstract of a report of thirteen years' operation. 
 
 Fairlie, J. A. The Chicago street railways: a supplementary 
 note. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxii, 476-479 (1908). 
 Supplementary to " The street railway question in Chicago." 
 
ii 
 
 348 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Chicago — continued. 
 
 Fairlie, J. A. The street railway question in Chicago. Quar- 
 terly Journal of Economics, xxi, 370-403 (1907). 
 A thorough historical study. 
 
 (^« Essays in municipal administration. New York 
 1908.) 230-261. ' 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 Grosser, H. S. The movement for municipal ownership in 
 Chicago. Annals of the American Academy of PoUtical and 
 Social Science, xxvii, 72-90 (1906). 
 Some detailed historical account. 
 
 Heilman, R. E. Chicago traction: a study of the efforts of the 
 pubhc to secure good service. PubUcations, American Eco- 
 nomic Association, 3d series, ix, 313-443 (1908). 
 
 Thorough historical study of the history of Chicago traction, franchises, 
 and the muniapal ownership movement. 
 
 Mead, D. W. The cost of furnishing water with reference to 
 rates and rate making. Proc., American Waterworks Associ- 
 ation, XXX, 92-96 (1910). 
 
 Discussion: pp. 96-109. A brief comparison and discussion of the 
 water rates of private and municipal supply in Chicago, 1901-1902: 
 mcludes tables of statistics. 6 » V"* *yo2, 
 
 Galena 
 
 Thompson, H. A. Galena's experience with ownership. Public 
 Service, v, 91-92 (1908). 
 
 Galesburg 
 
 Hodge, W. H. Ownership that does not pay. PubHc Service 
 iv, 99-104 (1908). ' 
 
 Description and analysis of results; with photographs. 
 
 Peoria 
 
 Pemy, H. S. a city that sold its waterworks. Public Service 
 iv, 21 (1908). ' 
 
 ^^Si^^^""""^ "^^^"^ ""^ ^^^ ^^^ "^"^^ municipal and private 
 
 Springfield 
 
 Smith, J. E. Experiments at Springfield, 111. PubUc Service i 
 104-106 (1906). ' ' 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 Indiana 
 
 349 
 
 Gordon, F. G. R. Municipal ownership failures in Indiana. 
 Concerning Municipal Ownership, ix, 127-128 (1916). 
 Madison, Marion and Muncie. 
 
 Fort Wayne 
 
 Williams, F. H. Fort Wayne's municipal lighting plant. Mu- 
 nicipal Journal and Engineer, xxvi, 285-289 (1909). 
 A description, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Indianapolis 
 
 PoTTS, A. F. A successful substitute for municipal ownership. 
 
 Municipal Engineering, xiv, 181-187 (1898). 
 
 An account of the Consumers' gas trust of Indianapolis. 
 
 American Monthly Review of Reviews, xx, 576-578 
 
 (1899). 
 
 Knightstown 
 
 Sutton, W. E. Ownership in a small community. Public Ser- 
 vice, iii, 133-134(1907)- 
 
 On municipal ownership of electric light and waterworks plants in 
 Knightstown. 
 
 Logansport 
 
 Gardiner, H. M. Discord in municipal ownership. Public Ser- 
 vice, V, 40-41 (1908). 
 Current history. 
 
 Electric plant of Logansport, Ind. Public Service, ii, 77- 
 
 80 (1907). 
 
 A brief sketch of municipal ownership history. 
 
 LoFTUS, D. J. Logansport, Indiana, electric light department. 
 Proc., National Conference for Good City Government, 1906: 
 
 254-256. 
 
 Very brief historical sketch. 
 
 lOWA 
 
 Cedar Rapids 
 
 Lazell, F. J. Municipalizing a water plant. Public Service, 
 
 iii, 135-136 (1907). 
 
,■ r 
 
 3 SO BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Dubuque 
 
 McLean, Charles. Dubuque's public ownership predicament. 
 Public Service, i, 53-54 (1906). 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Marston, a. The valuation for city purchase of the property of 
 
 the Waterloo (la.) waterworks co. Engineering News, bd, 
 
 424-425 (1909). 
 
 Includes tables of data. 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Kansas City 
 
 Morgan, P. W. Municipal water and light plant of Kansas 
 City, Kansas. Municipal Engineering, xlviii, 284-285 (1915). 
 History and some discussion; illustrated with photographs. 
 
 WooTAN, J. B. Kansas City, Kansas, m. o. Hght plant is crowd- 
 ing Cleveland as prize failure. Public Service, xx, 38-40 
 (1916). 
 
 Analysis of operating results. 
 Sylvan Grove 
 
 Seng, A. W. Selling water at a profit. Municipal Engineering 
 xliv, 580-582 (1913). 
 
 A description of the Sylvan Grove municipal water and light plant. 
 
 Topeka 
 
 Smucker, L. L. Topeka's unsuccessful lighting plant. Public 
 Service, i, 79-80 (1906). 
 
 Kentucky 
 Henderson 
 
 Danneitell, G. W. Gas ownership in a Kentucky city. PubKc 
 Service, iii, 77-79 (1907). 
 
 Louisiana 
 Donaldsonville 
 
 IvENS, E. M. Donaldsonville, La., electric Hght and waterworks 
 plant. Power, xxxix, 432-435 (1914). 
 An engineering description, illustrated with photographs and diagrams. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 3SI 
 
 New Orleans 
 
 Dodge, L. A. The public belt railroad of New Orieans. Ameri- 
 can City, V, 328-331 (191 1). 
 A brief account with one photograph. 
 
 Opelousas 
 
 Jones, A. C. Light and water plant of Opelousas, Louisiana. 
 Municipal Engineering, xlvii, 202-206 (1914)- 
 A popular historical account of operation and management difficulties; 
 with one photograph. 
 
 Opelousas' municipal lighting plant. Power, xli, 41-42 
 
 (1915)- 
 
 Description of the plant, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Adams, A. D. Cost of light in municipal and private gas and 
 electric plants. Mimicipal Engineering, xxiii, 160-164 (1902). 
 A statistical comparison of the cost in Massachusetts. 
 
 Equipment and operation of municipal electric light plants 
 
 in Massachusetts. Municipal Engineering, xxiii, 434-43^ 
 
 (1902). 
 
 An historical statistical study. 
 
 Investments and earnings of municipal electric plants. 
 
 Municipal Engineering, xxiv, 344-348 (1903). 
 
 A comparison of municipal and private plants in Massachusetts, with 
 tables of statistics. 
 
 , and Pritchard, C. F. Massachusetts electricity works. 
 
 {In National Civic Federation. Municipal and private opera- 
 tion of public utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 
 909-1213. 
 
 Municipal gas and electric plants in Massachusetts. Jour- 
 nal of Political Economy, x, 214-229 (1902). 
 Historical and analytical treatment; with tables. 
 Political Science Quarterly, xvii, 247-255 (1902). 
 
 Attleborough 
 
 Beckhakd, Bruno. Attleborough, an object lesson. Arena, xl, 
 
 100-104 (1908). 
 
 A popular article, composed chiefly of quotations from the current 
 reports. 
 
352 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Boston 
 
 CoNANT, W. B. Municipal water plant derives income from 
 
 water power. Municipal Engineering, xlix, 117 (1915). 
 
 An account of the sale of power from the Sudbury station of the Boston 
 metropohtan waterworks. 
 
 WiNSLOw, WiLLARD. Boston's new subway. Municipal Affairs, 
 V, 427-432 (1901). 
 
 Holyoke 
 
 Adams, A. D. The Holyoke case. Quarterly Journal of Eco- 
 nomics, xvii, 643-668 (1903). 
 
 The writer asserts that municipal ownership was forced on Holyoke by 
 a court decision, and that as a result an unreasonably high purchase 
 pnce was paid. 
 
 Marston, Glenn. Holyoke's municipal Ughting finances. Con- 
 cerning Municipal Ownership, iii, 87-89 (1908). 
 
 North Brookfield 
 
 Powell, F. W. Two experiments in public ownership of steam 
 
 railroads. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxiii, 137-150 
 
 (1908). 
 
 Troy, N. Y., and North Brookfield, Mass. 
 
 The writer stetes that the first was a faUure; the second a success. 
 
 Taunton 
 
 Adams, A. D. The largest municipal electric plant in New Eng- 
 
 land. Electrical Review and Western Electrician, xlvi ^6^- 
 367 (1905). ^ ^ 
 
 Engineering description, illustrated with photographs and diagrams. 
 
 Detroit 
 
 MicracAN 
 
 BEias, E. W. Detroit's efforts to own her street railways. Mu- 
 nicipal Affairs, iii, 473-49© (1899). 
 
 Daly, W. M. Pubhc Hghting plant of Detroit, Mich. Proc., 
 American Society of Municipal Improvements, 1907: 100- 
 "5- 
 A brief historical sketch and analysis of results. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 353 
 
 Detroit — continued. 
 
 Fairlie, J. A. Mimicipal electric lighting in Detroit. Municipal 
 
 Affairs, iv, 606-613 (1900). 
 
 Brief statistical analysis and comparison with other cities, favorable to 
 municipal ownership under the existing conditions. 
 
 (Jn Essays in mimicipal administration. New York, 
 
 1908.) 219-229. 
 Revised reprint. 
 
 Ingram, F. F. Municipal lighting in Detroit. Municipal Af- 
 fairs, vi, 823-825 (1903). 
 
 Municipal operation in Detroit. Proc, National Con- 
 ference for Good City Government, 1906: 249-253. 
 Brief analyst" '^^ the results of the municipal lighting plant, the writer 
 favoring miuiicipalization. 
 
 Should the people or the corporations light our cities ? 
 
 Arena, xxx, 392-400 (1903). 
 An argument for municipal ownership, illustrated by a comparison of 
 municipal and private management in Detroit. 
 
 LoCKWOOD, J. E. Analysis of municipal electric lighting in 
 Detroit. Municipal Affairs, vi, 825-834 (1903)- 
 A detailed statistical analysis, the conclusions being favorable to mu- 
 nicipal ownership. 
 
 Wilson, Thomas. Detroit's municipal lighting plant. Power, 
 
 xl, 832-835 (1914). 
 
 A description of the plant, with an historical sketch and operating 
 statistics; illustrated with a photograph and diagram. 
 
 Grand Rapids 
 
 FooTE, Mark. Grand Rapids' mimicipal water plant. Public 
 
 Service, ii, 37-40 (1907). 
 
 An historical sketch; the writer opposes municipal ownership. 
 
 Grand Rapids to quit city lighting. Public Service, ii, 
 
 136-137 (1907)- 
 
 A brief historical sketch. 
 
 Kalamazoo 
 
 Wilson, Thomas. Kalamazoo mimicipal plant. Power, xli, 
 
 218-224 (1915). 
 
 An engineering description of the municipal street lighting plant, with 
 photographs and diagrams. 
 

 • « 
 
 -' 1 
 
 »" 
 
 354 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 YpsUanti 
 
 Hatch, W. B. A successful fight for a municipal gas plant. 
 Amencan City, xii, 49-52 (1915). 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Gessell, G. a. Minnesota public utility rates: gas, electric, 
 
 water. Minneapolis, 1914. 254 pp. 
 
 University of Minnesota, Current problems, no. 3. 
 
 Lists aties under municipal ownership: pp. 1-4. 
 Duluth 
 
 Case, L. N. Municipal operation in Duluth, Minn. Proc, 
 National Conference for Good City Government, 1906: 244- 
 248. 
 
 A brief discussion of the history and results of operation of the municipal 
 water and gas plants, the writer favoring municipal ownership. 
 
 Missouri 
 Kansas City 
 
 Keith, John. Kansas City's waterworks fiasco. Public Service 
 
 h 77-79 (1906). 
 
 A brief historical sketch, under private and municipal ownership. 
 St, Louis 
 
 Beckhard, Bruno. Municipal Ughting in St. Louis. Arena, 
 xxxix, 470-472 (1908). 
 A very brief historical sketch. 
 
 Casey, C.C. Municipal Kghting at St. Louis. Municipal Jour- 
 nal and Engineer, xxiv, 209-211 (1908). 
 A description of the plants, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Nebraska 
 Fremont 
 
 Bremers, H. J., Jr. Municipal light and water plant at Fremont, 
 Neb. Municipal Engineering, kv, 119-121 (1913). 
 A description of the plant, with one photograph. 
 
 Omaha 
 
 Mayo,E.W. Omaha's experience. Moody's Magazine, ii, 659- 
 662 (1906). 
 
 ^Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 History of municipal ownership and accompanying Htigation: opposes 
 mimicipalization. f*-~-- 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 New York 
 
 3SS 
 
 Cawcroft, Ernest. The constitutional convention and New 
 York's fiscal policy. Moody's Magazine, xviii, 183-186 
 
 (1915)- 
 
 On the municipal powers and constitutional changes needed in New 
 York state to aid municipal ownership. 
 
 Camden 
 
 Phelps, L. F. Municipal lighting plant operated by oil engine. 
 Municipal Engineering, xliv, 311-312 (1913). 
 
 New York 
 
 Blake, A. D. New York City's power problem. Power, xxxviii, 
 286-290 (1913). 
 
 A description of the Hall of records power plant, which supplies a group 
 of municipal buildings; illustrated with photographs and a diagram. 
 
 CoLER, B. S. Shall New York own its subways ? New York's 
 
 debts and assets. Outlook, Ixxix, 934-938 (1905). 
 
 An account of the financial obstacles to constructing great public works, 
 
 with suggestions for overcoming them; popular. 
 See also R. F. Cutting, " Shall New York own its subways ? " 
 
 Cutting, R. F. Shall New York own its subways ? A calm view 
 of the rapid transit situation. Outlook, Ixxix, 931-934 (1905). 
 
 A brief historical sketch of the building of the New York subways, and 
 a consideration of the possibility of municipal operation of future 
 subways; popular. 
 
 See also B. S. Coler, " Shall New York own its subways ? " 
 
 FooTE, A. R. No government should operate an industry. Mu- 
 nicipal Affairs, i, 245-289 (1897). 
 A reply to E. M. Grout, " New York City should own the gas supply." 
 
 Grout, E. M. New York City should own the gas supply. Mu- 
 nicipal Affairs, i, 225-244 (1897). 
 
 A popular study. 
 
 For a reply, see A. R. Foote, " No government should operate an in- 
 dustry." 
 
 Seabury, Samuel. Mimicipal ownership and operation of 
 public utilities in New York City. New York, 1905 ? 202 pp. 
 Historical, by kind of utility. 
 
 
•n 
 
 356 BIBUOGRAPBY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 New York — continued. 
 
 Warner, J. DeW. Should greater New York operate its street 
 
 railways ? Yes. Municipal Affairs, i, 421-457 (1897). 
 
 A popular, annotated study. 
 
 Whitney, E.B. PubUc ownership in New York. International 
 Quarterly, xii, 1-12 (1905). 
 
 History of the movement for municipal street railways in New York. 
 Rochester 
 Cutler, J. G. Municipal control of public service corporations. 
 
 Proc, National Conference for Good City Government, 1906: 
 
 291-297. 
 
 Warner, G. E. Public ownership of lighting plant. City Govern- 
 ment, vi, 50-52 (1899). 
 On municipal ownership history in Rochester and elsewhere. 
 
 Syracuse 
 
 Hamilton, J. H. Syracuse water supply. Municipal Affairs, 
 iv, 60-70 (1900). 
 
 History under private and municipal management, favoring municipal 
 ownership. 
 
 Hill, W. R. City ownership of water supply. Municipal Affairs, 
 
 vi, 730-737 (1903). 
 
 An historical account of the Syracuse waterworks under municipal and 
 private operation. 
 
 Troy 
 
 Powell, F. W. Two experiments in public ownership of steam 
 railroads. Quarterly Journal of Economics, xxiii, 137-150 
 
 (1908). 
 
 Troy, N. Y., and North Brookfield, Mass. 
 
 The writer states that the first was a failure; the second a success. 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Public Service PubUshing Company. Complete reports on mu- 
 nicipally owned utility plants in the state of Ohio. Chicago, 
 1914. II pamphlets. 
 
 A series of very brief reports, each considering separately the plants in 
 a number of cities. Includes balance sheets and some statistics. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 357 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 Ballard, F. W. The Cleveland municipal lighting plant. Util- 
 ities Magazine, i, no. 6, 9-16 (1916). 
 History and analysis of results. 
 
 The design and operation of the Cleveland municipal elec- 
 tric light plant. Trans., American Society of Mechanical 
 
 Engineers, xxxvi, 649-676 (1914)- 
 
 Discussion: pp. 676-691. Includes photographs, tables and charts. 
 
 Howe, F. C. Municipal ownership in Cleveland. Moody's 
 Magazine, ii, 51 1-5 14 (1906). 
 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 Traction history in Cleveland under Mayor Johnson. There is agitation 
 only, because of no state provision for municipal ownership. 
 
 Newcomb, H. T. Cleveland's street railway problems. Moody's 
 Magazine, ii, 507-510 (1906). 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: s3rmposiimi. 
 
 Springborn, W. J. Municipal electric lighting plants for Cleve- 
 land, Ohio. Municipal Engineering, xlvi, 14-15 (1914)- 
 On the results of operation of the plants. 
 
 Municipal ownership of water plants. Proc., Central 
 
 States Waterworks Association, 1913: 31-42. 
 
 Williams, A. D. Cleveland municipal electric plants. Power, 
 
 xxxviii, 740-742 (1913). 
 
 A description, illustrated with photographs and diagrams. 
 
 Wilson, H. W. Three cent light in Cleveland. New York, 
 
 1914. II pp. 
 
 History and analysis of results of municipal ownership in Cleveland. 
 
 WooTAN, J. B. The truth about Cleveland. Public Service, xx, 
 
 102-103, 105 (1916). 
 
 Statistical analysis of the results of the municipal electric plant. 
 
 Columbus 
 
 Hodge, W. H. Columbus: a city in the dark. Public Service, 
 
 i, 91-94 (1906). 
 
 Description of the mimidpal street lighting in Columbus. 
 
 Wilson, Thomas. City and state power plants at Coliunbus, 
 Ohio. Power, xlii, 322-326 (19 15). 
 A description of the various power plants, illustrated with photographs. 
 
p 
 
 i? 
 
 3S8 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Egbert, H. McC. Failure of municipal gas plant. Public Ser- 
 vice, i, 15-16 (1906). 
 
 Newark 
 
 Deacon, W. G. The pubUc utiKties of Newark, Ohio. Public 
 Service, xiv, 5-10 (1913). 
 
 History and description of the service, municipal and private; illus- 
 trated with photographs. 
 
 Troy 
 
 Pool, L. A. Municipal lighting plant of Troy, Ohio. Municipal 
 Engineering, xliv, 197-201 (1913). 
 
 A description, with brief comment on financial results; illustrated with 
 photographs. 
 
 Oklahoma 
 
 BozELL, H. V. Data on municipal plant operation in Oklahoma. 
 ?, 1916. 85 pp. 
 Alphabetical, by cities. 
 
 Oregon 
 Eugene 
 
 Marston, Glenn. Failure of municipal plants at Eugene, Ore. 
 
 Public Service, xv, 63-65 (1913). 
 
 A popular analysis, the writer asserting that faulty accounting conceals 
 the conditions; illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Meyers, Alvin. Eugene, Ore., municipal light and water plant. 
 Municipal Engineering, xliv, 427-428 (1913). 
 A description of the plant, with schedule of rates. 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Hicks, T. L. The Philadelphia gas works under private opera- 
 tion. World Today, xiii, 1037-1040 (1907). 
 
 A very brief, popular summary of the history of the Philadelphia gas 
 plant under mimicipal and private operation. 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. A tale of two cities: water supply in London 
 and Philadelphia. Municipal Affairs, iii, 193-214 (1899). 
 An historical and comparative study of the private supply in London, 
 and the municipal supply in Philadelphia, favoring municipal owner- 
 ship; includes tables of statistics. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 359 
 
 H|l 
 
 Philadelphia — continued. 
 
 RoBBiNS, Hayes. Philadelphia and its gas works: an instance 
 
 of the advantages resulting from substituting private for 
 
 municipal control of a public utility. World Today, vii, 
 
 1536-1542 (1904). 
 
 Illustrated with photographs; good. 
 
 Rogers, J. I. Municipal gas in Philadelphia. Municipal Af- 
 fairs, i, 730-744 (1897). 
 
 A popular historical account, answering the claim of the leasing com- 
 pany that the municipal operation was ineflSdent. Includes tables of 
 statistics. 
 
 RowE, L. S. The municipality and the gas supply, as illustrated 
 by the experience of Philadelphia. Annals of the American 
 Academy of Political and Social Science, xi, 301-323 (1898). 
 
 Historical, opposing the lease of the municipal gas plant to a private 
 company. Includes tables of statistics. 
 
 {In Problems of city government. New York, 1908.) 
 
 241-270. 
 
 A good historical account of mimicipal and private ownership of gas 
 in Philadelphia; includes tables of statistics. 
 
 The relation of the dty of Philadelphia to the gas supply. 
 
 {In National Civic Federation. Municipal and private 
 operation of public utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. i, 
 588-664. 
 
 Speirs, F. W. The Philadelphia gas lease. Munidpai Affairs, 
 
 i, 718-729 (1897). 
 
 A popular account of the lease of the municipal plant, which the writer 
 claims was due to poUtics, not to failure of municipal operation. 
 
 Street railway system of Philadelphia: its history and 
 
 present conditions. Johns Hopkins University Studies in 
 Historical and Political Science, xv, 93-215 (1897). 
 Mimicipal ownership: pp. 83-91. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F. Municipal franchises: a description of the terms 
 and conditions upon which private corporations enjoy special 
 privileges in the streets of American cities. New York, 1910- 
 1911. 2 vols. 
 On the lease of the Philadelphia municipal gas plant, see i, pp. 566-572. 
 
36o 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Philadelphia — continued. 
 
 Woodruff, C. R. The Philadelphia gas works: a modern in- 
 stance. American Journal of Sociology, iii, 601-613 (1898). 
 
 A popular account of the lease of the municipal gas plant, and the 
 political measures employed. 
 
 Recent street railway legislation in Pennsylvania and 
 
 Philadelphia. Municipal Affairs, v, 419-426 (1901). 
 Brief account of current legislative corruption. 
 
 Tarentum 
 
 Hudson, Leo. An interesting example of direct competition 
 between publicly and privately owned waterworks plants in 
 Tarentimi, Pa. Engineering and Contracting, xliv, 162-163 
 
 (1915)- 
 
 South Dakota 
 Brookings 
 SoRENG, E. M. Cost figures from Brookings, S. D. Electrical 
 
 World, bdi, 1321 (1913). 
 
 A description of the mimicipal electric light plant, illustrated with 
 photographs. 
 
 Tennessee 
 Nashville 
 
 Head, J. M. One mayor's experience. Proc., National Con- 
 ference for Good City Government, 1906: 269-276. 
 
 A popular accoimt of the agitation for mimicipal ownership in Nashville 
 and of its effects, the writer favoring municipalization. 
 
 Watson, C. C. Nashville's deteriorated waterworks. Public 
 Service, iii, 101-103 (1907). 
 Description and history, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Texas 
 
 Terrell 
 
 Kelley, Edward. Operating a central station against mu- 
 nicipal competition. Public Service, xv, 33-36 (1913). 
 
 Vermont 
 Burlington 
 Makston, Glenn. Municipal electric competition, Burlington, 
 
 Vt. Public Service, vi, 69-70 (1909). 
 
 Description, with photographs and some discussion. 
 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 361 
 
 Burlington — continued. 
 
 Marston, Glenn. Municipal ownership in Burlington, Ver- 
 mont. Concerning Municipal Ownership, iv, 71-72 (1909). 
 An analysis of results of operation of the municipal electric light plant. 
 
 St. Albans 
 
 Renner, C. J. The experience of a small city with water meters 
 
 and water rates. American City, xi, 474-478 (1915). 
 
 Illustrated with tables and charts. 
 
 ViRGINLA 
 
 Danville 
 
 Rogers, W. O. Danville municipal lighting plant. Power, 
 
 xliii, 572-577 (1916). 
 
 Engineering description, with photographs, diagrams and tables. 
 
 Richmond 
 
 WooTAN, J. B. Richmond street lighting plant. Public Service, 
 
 xxi, 170-173 (1916). 
 
 An analysis of results. 
 
 Washington 
 Seattle 
 
 Deacon, W. G. Toll of pohtics. PubUc Service, xvii, 71-72, 
 82 (1914). 
 A popular discussion of results of municipal electric lighting in Seatde. 
 
 Grambs, W. J. The inefficiency of municipal ownership. Stone 
 and Webster Public Service Journal, xvii, 321-348 (1915). 
 History and analysis of mimidpal ownership in Seattle. 
 
 KiDSTON, W. L. Seattle municipal lighting plant. Power, xli, 
 182-185 (1915). 
 An engineering description, with photographs and diagrams. 
 
 Marston, Glenn. Electric rates in Seattle, Wash. Public Ser- 
 vice, XV, 27-30 (1913). 
 
 An analysis of the results of operation of the municipal electric plant, 
 with charts. 
 
 Seattle, Wash., municipal electric plant. Public Service, 
 
 xvi, 63-66 (1914). 
 
 Reply to criticism of his previous article. 
 
362 
 
 BIBUOGRAPHY OP MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 363 
 
 Seattle — continued. 
 
 Parker, A. M. The first municipal street railway in America. 
 Independent, Ix, 1153-1157 (1906). 
 
 A brief description of the West Seattle municipal railway; illustrated 
 with photographs. 
 
 Ross, J. D. The municipal lighting plant at Seattle, Wash. 
 Municipal Engineering, xlv, 464-467 (1913). 
 A brief description, with a diagram and photograph. 
 
 Seattle, Wash., municipal light and power plant. Municipal 
 
 Engineering, xliv, 556-560 (1913). 
 
 A description of the plant and its operation, with tables of rates charged; 
 iUustrated with a photograph and chart. 
 
 Spokane 
 
 Marston, Glenn. Spokane, Wash., waterworks heavy loser. 
 
 Public Service, xv, 101-103 (1913). 
 
 A brief analysis of the results of municipal operation. 
 Tacoma 
 Richards, R. H. Tacoma's Nisqually River development. 
 
 Electrical World, hdi, 227-229 (1913). 
 
 An engineering description of the mimicipal hydroelectric station, illus- 
 trated with photographs. 
 
 West Virginia 
 Wheeling 
 
 Deacon, W. G. Sale of Wheeling gas plant urged. Public Ser- 
 vice, vi, 115-117 (1909). 
 
 Lyons, B. F. Municipal ownership. Progressive Age, xxiv, 39- 
 
 46 (1906). 
 
 Discussion of method of studying results of existing mimidpal plants, 
 with analyses of the results in Wheeling, Manchester and Sheffield 
 for illustration. 
 
 Municipal ownership of gas works. Municipal Engineer- 
 ing, XXX, 49-58 (1906). 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 Larson, C. M. State regulation of municipally owned plants. 
 
 Journal of the American Waterworks Association, ii, 515-537 
 
 (1915)- 
 
 On the benefits of regulation, especially as to service. Illustrated by 
 results in Wisconsin; with tables of statistics. 
 
 Chippewa Falls 
 
 Gordon, F. G. R. Chippewa Falls defeats mimicipal ownership. 
 Concerning Municipal Ownership, ix, 103-105 (1916). 
 
 Madison 
 
 Heim,* J. B. Municipal ownership of waterworks. Municipal 
 
 Engineering, xvii, 87-90 (1899). 
 
 History of the municipal waterworks of Madison. 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Bernhard, F. H. Milwaukee's new municipal lighting system. 
 
 Mimicipal Journal, xl, 645-648, 683-685 (1916). 
 Engineering description, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 Austria 
 
 Fairlie, J. A. Municipal government in Vienna. (In Essays in 
 municipal administration. New York, 1908.) 316-329. 
 Discusses municipal ownership briefly (pp. 323-329). 
 
 Belgium 
 
 WmsLOW, A. A. City ownership of street cars in Li6ge. U. S. 
 Consular Reports, Ixv, no. 246, 332-334 (1901). 
 A brief account of the dty purchase and leasing of the tramways. 
 
 Canada 
 
 Beecher, H. W. Kamloops' steam turbine power plant. Mu- 
 nicipal Journal, xxxvii, 592-594 (1914). 
 An engineering description, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 BoLTON, R. P. Cheap electricity in Toronto. Concerning Mu- 
 nicipal Ownership, ix, 8-10 (191 6). 
 Supplementary to " Our interest in Canadian operations." 
 
 Favoritism in rates. Concerning Municipal Ownership, 
 
 viii, 278-281 (1915). 
 
 Supplementary to " Our interest in Canadian operations." 
 
 The financial methods of the power commission. Concern- 
 ing Municipal Ownership, viii, 230-233 (191 5). 
 Supplementary to " Our interest in Canadian operations." 
 
 General results of public operation in Ontario. Concerning 
 
 Municipal Ownership, ix, 62-63 (^Q^^). 
 Supplementary to ** Our interest in Canadian operations. 
 
•l 
 
 Wf 
 
 364 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTILITIES 
 
 Bolton, R. P. Government electric railways. Concerning Mu- 
 nicipal Ownership, viii, 254-257 (1915). 
 Supplementary to " Our interest in Canadian operations." 
 
 Our interest in Canadian operations. Concerning Mu- 
 nicipal Ownership, viii, 206-209 (1915)- 
 On the hydroelectric power commission of Ontario. 
 
 Chace, W. G. Winnipeg municipal electric system. Engineer- 
 ing News, Ixviii, 12-20 (191 2). 
 Engineering description, with diagrams and photographs. 
 
 Christie, A. G. Calgary's municipal power plant. Power, 
 
 xliii, 352-357, 389-390 (1916). 
 
 Chiefly descriptive, but includes brief discussion of rates and operation. 
 Illustrated with diagrams and photographs. 
 
 Lethbridge municipal power plant. Power, xliii, 462-466 
 
 (1916). 
 
 Description, with photographs, tables and a diagram. 
 
 Municipal electrical utilities of western Canada. Power, 
 
 xliii, 378-381 (1916). 
 
 A brief survey of equipment and itemized production costs, including 
 tables and conclusions from investigation. 
 
 Municipal power plant at Medicine Hat. Power, xliii, 
 
 138-142 (1916). 
 
 Description, with photographs, diagrams and Ubles. 
 
 Municipal power plant operated by Saskatoon, Canada. 
 
 Power, xliii, 606-609 (191 6). 
 
 Engineering description, with photographs, tables and a diagram. 
 
 Regina municipal power plant. Power, xlii, 776-781 
 
 (1915)- 
 
 Engineering description, illustrated with photographs and diagrams. 
 
 Gordon, F. G. R. The seamy side of a famous municipal enter- 
 prise. Concerning Municipal Ownership, ix, 30-32 (1916). 
 Analysis of results in Winnipeg. 
 
 The truth about Calgary. Concerning Municipal Owner- 
 ship, ix, 6 (1916). 
 
 Analysis of the results of the various mimidpal enterprises. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 36s 
 
 Hardenburg, W. E. Calgary's municipal street railway. Mu- 
 nicipal Journal, xxxix, 395-397 (1915)- 
 
 A description and discussion of operating results, illustrated with 
 photographs. 
 
 HocKEN, H. C. The hydroelectric system in Toronto. Annals 
 
 of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 
 
 Ivii, 246-253 (1915)- 
 HoLLOWAY, W. R. Municipal ownership in Canada. U.S. 
 
 Consular Reports, Ixxv, no. 285, 971-972 (1904)- 
 
 Current statistics on municipal ownership in Canada. 
 
 MacLean, a. Municipal ownership in Edmonton. Proc, 
 American Waterworks Association, xxix, 593*597 (1909)- 
 Discussion: pp. 597-608. An outline of the municipal activities of 
 Edmonton. 
 
 Melling, H. T. Operating costs for mimicipal gas engine plant. 
 Power, xliv, 13-14 (191 6). 
 
 Description of plant and operation at Edmonton, illustrated with two 
 photographs. 
 
 Sara, R. A. Another municipal electric plant supplying lighting 
 current at 3 cents per kw.-hr., Engineering News, Ixxii, 655- 
 
 656 (1914). 
 
 An account of the Winnipeg plant, with tables of rates and operating 
 statistics. 
 
 France 
 
 HoLCOMBE, A. N. The electric lighting system of Paris. Politi- 
 cal Science Quarterly, xxvi, 122-132 (1911)- 
 A good historical account of the municipal and private plants. 
 
 Leroy-Beaulieu, Paul. Public ownership in France. North 
 American Review, cxcvii, 295-311 (1913)- 
 An historical analysis and discussion of various government industries 
 
 in France, railroads and public utilities being included; opposes 
 
 public ownership. 
 
 Whttten, R. H. The Paris subway system: with special refer- 
 ence to franchise terms and conditions. Engineering News, 
 
 Ixv, 70-75 (1911)- 
 
 An excellent description; includes a map. 
 
",t 
 
 366 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Germany 
 
 Barnes, C. E. Municipal tramways in Cologne. U. S. Consu- 
 lar Reports, Ixviii, no. 258, 369-370 (1902). 
 
 A very brief account of the municipal purchase and operation of the 
 tramways. 
 
 Bassett, E. M. Municipal ownership of public utilities in Ger- 
 many. American City, viii, 364-366 (1913). 
 Abstract. 
 
 Brooks, R. C. The municipal gas works in Berlin. Yale Re- 
 view, xiv, 361-373; XV, 24-39 (1906). 
 Detailed historical study; with tables of data. 
 
 Municipalization of the Berlin electric works. Quarterly 
 
 Journal of Economics, xxx, 188-194 (1915). 
 
 Brief historical account of the plant under private ownership, and of 
 its recent municipal purchase. 
 
 Dawson, W. H. Trading enterprises. {In Municipal life and 
 government in Germany. London, 1914.) 208-259. 
 
 A brief historical description of the various municipal trading enter- 
 prises, public utilities being treated only incidentally. 
 
 DuBois, J. T. Municipal electric light and power in Germany. 
 U. S. Consular Reports, Ixvi, no. 211, 546 (1898). 
 A very brief list of cities in which the municipality owns, has built or 
 leases the gas and electric plants. Of historical interest only. 
 
 Fairue, J. A. Municipal conditions in some European cities. 
 {In Essays in municipal administration. New York, 1908.) 
 303-315- 
 Historical sketches of utility conditions in various German cities. 
 
 Heyn, E. T. The municipal ownership of street railways in 
 Germany. American Monthly Review of Reviews, xxxv, 
 329-333 (1907). 
 
 Recent history of mimidpal ownership in Germany. Mu- 
 nicipal Affairs, vi, 614-621 (1903). 
 
 Howe, F. C. Socializing the means of transit. {In European 
 cities at work. New York, 1913.) 177-188. 
 A very popular account of municipal ownership of traction in Germany. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 367 
 
 James, E. J. Municipal gas and electricity in a typical German 
 city — Halle, A/S. Municipal Affairs, iv, 574-594 (1900). 
 History and analysis, with tables of data. 
 
 Meyer, H. R. Municipal ownership in Germany. Journal of 
 
 Political Economy, xiv, 553-567 (1906). 
 
 An annotated historical study, with tables of statistics. Street railways 
 and electric lighting are discussed separately. 
 
 RowE, L. S. Municipal ownership and operation of street rail- 
 ways in Germany. Annals of the American Academy of 
 Political and Social Science, xxvii, 37-65 (1906). 
 Good critical and historical account, with tables of statistics. 
 
 {In Problems of city government. New York, 1908.) 
 
 281-329. 
 Reprint. 
 
 Tawney, R. H. Municipal enterprise in (jermany. Economic 
 Review, xx, 423-437 (1910). 
 
 A good economic analysis; with tables of statistics. 
 
 YouNGMAN, Anna. Frankfort-on-the-Main: a study in Prus- 
 sian communal finance. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 
 xxvii, 150-201, 329-372 (1913). 
 Public utilities are discussed on pp. 332-343. 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 Alden, Percy. Municipal ownership. {In Democratic England. 
 New York, 191 2.) 192-214. 
 
 Ashley, Percy. The water, gas and electric light supply of 
 
 London. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 
 Social Science, xxvii, 20-36 (1906). 
 
 Historical account, each class of utiUties treated separately; brief 
 account of miuiicipalization; tables of data. 
 
 AvEBURY, J. L. On municipal and national trading. New York, 
 
 1907. 177 pp. 
 
 Discusses loss and profit from municipal public utility operation, pp. 
 73-89. The writer opposes municipalization. 
 
 Balmforth, Owen. The progress of mimidpal government. 
 Westminster Review, clxxi, 272-280 (1909). 
 
f: 
 
 i 
 
 il 
 
 '■^i ' II 
 
 nn 'v.. 
 
 I\ 
 
 368 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Bell, Sir James, and Paton, James. Glasgow: its municipal 
 organization and administration. Glasgow, 1896. 426 pp. 
 Ch. V. Public lighting. 
 
 xxvi. Corporation gas and electricity, 
 xxviii. The corporation tramways. 
 
 History and description of the services. 
 
 Bellamy, C. R. Public transportation: with special reference 
 
 to Liverpool tramways. Municipal Affairs, vi, 706-711 
 
 (1902). 
 
 An historical account, with tables of statistics. Concludes that mu- 
 nicipal ownership has been successful. 
 
 Bemis, E. W. Street railways. {In Municipal monopolies. 
 
 4th edition. New York, 1904.) 505-583. 
 
 An extensive historical study. The history of municipal ownership in 
 Great Britain is described by cities, pp. 569-583. 
 
 Blake, H. W. Contrast between company and mimidpal owner- 
 ship and management of public utilities. Street Railway 
 Journal, xxvi, 28-31 (1905). 
 
 Considers the results of municipal ownership in Great Britain, and 
 applies them to conditions in the United States. 
 
 Boyle, James. Municipal socialism in England. Municipal 
 Journal and Engineer, xiv, 267-269 (1903). 
 
 Municipal socialism in Great Britain. U. S. Consular Re- 
 ports, bdx, no. 262, 375-385 (1902). 
 
 An accoimt of the municipal enterprises in various cities, public util- 
 ities being discussed only incidentally. 
 
 Municipal Affairs, vi, 268-274 (1902). 
 
 Reprint. 
 
 Mimidpal Journal and Engineer, xii, 244-245; xiii, 
 
 9-10 (1902). 
 
 A discussion of municipal trading in Liverpool, public utilities being 
 treated only incidentally. 
 
 British Board of Trade. The financial position of tramway un- 
 dertakings: owned and worked by municipal corporations 
 as indicated by the tramway and light railways return of the 
 board of trade for 1908-1909. Tramway and Railway World, 
 xxvii, 185-188 (1910). 
 An analysis of English municipal ownership statistics; with tables. 
 
 ^r\ 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 369 
 
 Brooks, Sydney. Public ownership abroad. Concerning Mu- 
 nicipal Ownership, vi, 229-231 (1913); vii, 157-160, 181-183 
 (1914). 
 
 BuRDETT, E. W. The agitation for municipal ownership in the 
 United States: its origin, meaning and proper treatment. 
 Proc., National Electric Light Association, 1906: vol. i, 537- 
 
 555- 
 
 Includes an analysis of results of municipal ownership in Great Britain, 
 which the writer believes less successful than conmionly thought. 
 
 Municipal ownership in Great Britain. Journal of Political 
 
 Economy, xiv, 257-314 (1906). 
 
 An excellent and thorough study of results, with tables of statistics. 
 The writer concludes that as a whole mimicipal ownership there has 
 not been successful, and that success would not mean similar results 
 in this coimtry because of different conditions. 
 
 CmsHOLM, Samuel. Municipal enterprises. Glasgow, 1901. 
 70 pp. 
 Descriptive. 
 
 Clark, W. J. British mimicipal tramway conditions. Aera, i, 
 658-664 (1913). 
 
 The writer concludes that British tramway fares are but little below 
 ours, and without question unprofitable. 
 
 British tramways. {In National Civic Federation. Mu- 
 nicipal and private operation of public utilities. New York, 
 1907.) Pt. I, vol. i, 444-476. 
 A study of conditions and results of operation. 
 
 The figures in the case. Public Service, iv, 89-94 (1908). 
 
 Municipal ownership in Great Britain and in the United 
 
 States. Proc, American Street and Interurban Railway 
 
 Association, 1907: 271-284. 
 
 A comparison of English and American street railways, with analysis of 
 results. The conclusions are strongly in favor of private operation. 
 
 Commons, J. R., and Sullivan, J. W. Labor and politics: 
 British gas, electric supply and tramways. {In National 
 Civic Federation. Municipal and private operation of public 
 utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. ii, 550-627. 
 
370 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL VTIUTIES 
 
 Commons, J. R., and Sullivan, J. W. Labor and politics: gas, 
 electric supply and tramways. (In National Civic Federa- 
 tion. Municipal and private operation of public utilities. 
 New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. ii, 1-112. 
 
 Crawford, N. McD., and Woodward, J. H. Engineering 
 matters: British tramways, (/n National Civic Federation. 
 Municipal and private operation of public utilities. New 
 York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. ii, 453-474- 
 
 Crawford, Robert. Glasgow's experience with municipal 
 ownership and operation. Annals of the American Academy 
 of Political and Social Science, xxvii, 1-19 (1906). 
 
 Good descriptive, historical and critical account. 
 
 Daniels, C. N. Municipal ownership in Shefl5eld. U. S. Con- 
 sular Reports, no. 294, 64-67 (1905). 
 A brief statistical analysis. 
 
 Darwin, Leonard. Municipal trade: the advantages and dis- 
 advantages resulting from the substitution of representative 
 bodies for private proprietors in the management of indus- 
 trial undertakings. New York, 1903. 464 pp. 
 
 An excellent analysis, with some discussion of results in Great Britain. 
 Includes a few tables of statistics. 
 
 Donald, Robert. The case for municipal trading. Contem- 
 porary Review, kxxiii, 485-500, 623-639 (1903). 
 An answer to various arguments against municipal ownership in Great 
 Britain, with an analysis of results. Includes tables of statistics. 
 
 Recent attacks on municipal ownership in Great Britain. 
 
 Municipal Affairs, vi, 579-613 (1902). 
 
 Historical and critical analysis, in answer to attacks on municipal owner- 
 ship, which the writer asserts are stimulated by people interested in 
 the companies. Includes many tables of statistics. 
 
 Street railways in British towns: municipal systems com- 
 pared with company enterprises. Municipal Affairs, iv, 31- 
 39 (1900). 
 
 A popular comparison of Enghsh municipal and private tramway opera- 
 tion, the conclusion being favorable to municipal ownership under 
 British conditions of local government. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 371 
 
 Donald, Robert. Success of municipal ownership in Great 
 Britain. Street Railway Journal, xxi, 30-35» 72-76 (1903)- 
 An answer to statements by certain opponents of municipal ownership, 
 with illustrative statistics. 
 
 Fairlie, J. A. Municipal activities in Great Britain. {In Es- 
 says in municipal administration. New York, 1908.) 287- 
 
 302. 
 
 An historical discussion of municipal ownership in various cities. 
 
 Glasgow (Corporation). Handbook on the municipal enter- 
 prises. Glasgow, 1904. 147 pp. 
 
 Gas: pp. 1 1 2-1 14. 
 
 Water: pp. 114-119- 
 
 Electricity: pp. 120-124. 
 
 Tramways: pp. 125-129. 
 
 On the history and present status of municipal ownership in Glasgow. 
 
 Gordon, F. G. R. Street railways of Boston vs. the tramways of 
 Glasgow. Concerning Municipal Ownership, viii, 201-204 
 
 (1915)- 
 
 The writer opposes municipalization. 
 
 GuYOT, Yves. Where and why public ownership has failed. 
 
 New York, 1914. 459 PP- 
 
 Operation of gas and electricity in the United Kingdom: pp. 127-135. 
 
 Tramways in Great Briuin: pp. 136-150. 
 
 Hale, R. S. Municipal ownership in England: the British 
 problem considered from an American viewpoint. Cassier's 
 Magazine, xxxii, 3-11, 178-185, 237-249 (1907)- 
 An analysis of the results of municipal ownership of various utilities. 
 
 The writer concludes that the municipal enterprises in England are 
 
 well run but with little initiative. 
 
 Hamlen,E.W. Glasgow and its municipal tramways. Moody's 
 Magazine, ii, 652-655 (1906). 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 A brief comparison of Glasgow and Boston traction, favoring private 
 ownership. 
 
 Hamm, W. C. City-owned street cars. U. S. Consular Reports, 
 no. 286, 121-125 (1904). 
 
 A brief historical sketch and description of the tramways in Hull, illus- 
 trated with photographs. 
 
n 
 
 372 BIBUOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Hamm, W. C. City-owned street cars. Engineering Record. 1. 
 173-176(1904). 
 
 Howe, F C. The British city: the beginnings of democracy. 
 New York, 1907. 370 pp. 
 
 Ch. vi. The growth and extent of municipal trading, 
 vii. The cities and the tramways, 
 viii. The gas supply, 
 ix. The electricity supply. 
 
 ^r!»^^f ''^ ¥.«^ S'^t* '"P"'*^ ^'^•^y "f the history and manage- 
 ment of munjcipal utilities in Great Britain. The writer favors mu- 
 nicipal ownership. 
 
 ^^Does municipal ownership pay? (/n The city: the hope 
 of democracy. New York, 1906.) 136-157. 
 A popular analysis of the results of municipal ownership in Great Britain 
 
 the wnter favonng municipalization. Includes some tables of statist 
 
 European cities at work. New York, 1913. 370 pp. 
 
 Municipal ownership of the gas supply: pp. 328-333 
 Municipal transit in Great Britain: pp. 334-344. 
 
 Municipal ownership in Great Britam. Bulletin of the 
 Bureau of Labor, no. 62, 1-123 (1906). 
 
 A thorough historical study and analysis; good. The writer favors mu- 
 nicipalization. 
 
 James, R. C, and Turner, E. H. General remarks upon finan- 
 
 aal conditions. (/« National Civic Federation. Municipal 
 
 and pnvate operation of pubUc utiHties. New York 1007) 
 Pt. n, vol. ii, 628H547. ' ^^'' 
 
 KLraPP, J. B., and Winchester, A. E. Engineering matters: 
 British electricity supply works. {In National Civic Federa- 
 tion. Municipal and private operation of public utiUties 
 New York, 1907.) Pt. H, vol. ii, 292-382. 
 
 Knoop, Douglas. Principles and metiiods of municipal trading. 
 London, 191 2. 409 pp. 
 A thorough, critical and historical study. 
 
 Lo^LL, A. L. Municipal trading. (/« The government of 
 England. 2d edition. New York, 1912.) 11,233-267 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 373 
 
 Lyons, B. F. Municipal ownership. Progressive Age, xxiv, 39- 
 46 (1906). 
 
 Discussion of method of studying results of existing mimicipal plants, 
 with analyses of the results in Wheeling, Manchester and Sheffield 
 for illustration. 
 
 Municipal ownership of gas works. Mimicipal Engineering, 
 
 XXX, 49-58 (1906). 
 
 McKerrow, H. G. Some results in municipal ownership in 
 Great Britain. Arena, xxxvii, 387-395 (1907). 
 A popular analysis of mimicipal ownership results in Great Britain. 
 
 For a reply, see Frank Parsons, " Mr. McKerrow^s argument against 
 
 municipal ownership." 
 
 Mahin, F. W. Nottingham municipal tramway. U. S. Con- 
 sular Reports, Ixxiv, no. 280, 82 (1904). 
 
 On the results of operation; the writer considers municipal operation 
 highly successful. 
 
 Maltbie, M. R. Gas lighting in Great Britain. Mimicipal 
 
 Affairs, iv, 538-573 (1900)- 
 
 A good historical study and analysis. Concludes that municipal owner- 
 ship has been more successful than private. 
 
 General history and legislation: British electricity supply 
 
 works. (In National Civic Federation. Municipal and pri- 
 vate operation of public utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, 
 vol. ii, 248-291. 
 
 General history and legislation: British gas works. (In 
 
 National Civic Federation. Municipal and private operation 
 of public UtiUties. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. ii, 113-161. 
 
 General history and legislation: British tramways. (In 
 
 National Civic Federation. Municipal and private opera- 
 tion of public UtiUties. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. u, 
 
 383-452. 
 
 Glasgow's municipal tramways. Municipal Affairs, iv, 
 
 40-59 (1900). 
 
 A brief description and analysis, with tables of statistics. 
 
 Municipal and private management of gas and electricity 
 
 in Great Britain. (In National Civic Federation. Mimicipal 
 
~li 
 
 u 
 
 I 
 
 374 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 and private operation of public utilities. New York 1007) 
 Pt. I, vol. i, 185-261. ' ' 
 
 A detailed analysis of results. 
 
 Marston, Glenn. Municipal ownership in England. Public 
 Service, xii, 45-46, 87-88, 187-188, 235-236 (1912). 
 General discussion, and history by cities. The writer concludes that 
 
 municipal plants m England as a rule are failures both financiaUy 
 
 and as to service. 
 
 Mawdesley, R. T. Municipal electricity supply at Johannes- 
 burg. Electrical Review (London), baviii, 89-91, loo-ioi 
 153-155, 165-166 (1916). 
 An engineering description, with photographs, diagrams and tables. 
 
 Meyer, H. R. Great Britain's lesson. Moody's Magazine ii 
 532-534(1906). ' ' 
 
 In Municipal ownership and operation: symposium. 
 The wnter asserts that lack of corruption in England is not a valid argu- 
 ment, for there was none before municipalization. 
 
 Municipal ownership in Great Britain. New York, 1906 
 340 pp. 
 
 An historical and critical study. The author favore private ownership. 
 
 Journal of Political Economy, idii, 481-505 (1905). 
 An historical and analytical study, with tables of statistics. The writer 
 
 oppo^s municipal ownership. Summary of several chapters of his 
 
 book by the same title. 
 
 Public Service, xxi, 8^-91 (1916). 
 A brief selection from his book of the same title. 
 
 MiNSHALL, T. H. London's electrical future. Fortnightly Re- 
 view, bcDdx (new series, bGodii), 498-511 (1908). 
 The history of the electrical supply of London, and its municipalization. 
 
 Newbigging, William, and Klumpp, J. B. Engineering mat- 
 ters: British gas works. {In National Civic Federation. 
 Municipal and private operation of pubKc utiUtes. New 
 York, 1907.) Pt. n, vol. ii, 162-207. 
 
 Owen, Mark. PubUc ownership and the increase of taxation 
 in Great Britain. Concerning Municipal Ownership, vi 152- 
 156 (1913)- 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 375 
 
 Parsons, Frank. British tramway history. {In National Civic 
 Federation. Municipal and private operation of public util- 
 ities. New York, 1907.) Pt. II, vol. ii, 699-747. 
 
 British tramways. {In National Civic Federation. Mu- 
 nicipal and private operation of public utilities. New York, 
 1907.) Pt. I, vol. i, 261-302. 
 A detailed analysis of the results of operation. 
 
 Glasgow's great record; a complete history of the pioneer 
 
 experiment in municipal ownership of street car service in 
 
 Great Britain. Arena, xxxii, 461-472 (1904). 
 
 A popular accoimt, with tables of statistics; favors municipal owner- 
 ship. 
 
 Mr. McKerrow's argument against mimicipal ownership. 
 
 Arena, xxxvii, 396-400 (1907). 
 
 A reply to H. G. McKerrow, " Some results in municipal ownership in 
 Great Britain." 
 
 Pearson, George. Municipal trading. Electrical Engineer, 
 new series, xxiii, 753-757 (1899). 
 
 An historical account and analysis with tables of statistics. The writer 
 favors municipal ownership. 
 
 Perkins, F. C. Municipal electric railways at Wellington, New 
 Zealand. Electrical Review, xlix, 247-250 (1906). 
 A description, illustrated with photographs. 
 
 PoicERENE, W. R. Observations on tramways in Great Britain. 
 Electric Traction Weekly, vi, 1303-1307, 1333-1334, 1363- 
 1365 (1910). 
 
 Part I describes the Glasgow system, part II the Liverpool system, and 
 part III the Manchester and Belfast systems. An interesting study 
 and discussion. 
 
 Porter, R. P. The dangers of municipal ownership. New York, 
 1907- 356 pp. 
 
 An historical study of municipal ownership in Great Britain, with appli- 
 cation of the conclusion to conditions in the United States. 
 
 The dangers of municipal trading. London, 1907. 320 pp. 
 
 An English reprint of " The dangers of municipal ownership," with 
 two additional chapters. 
 
•I 
 
 376 BIBUOGRAPEY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 Porter, R. P. European and American methods and results 
 compared. Municipal Affairs, vi, 539-578 (1902). 
 A popular historical discussion and comparison of municipal ownership 
 in Great Britain and private ownership in the United States; with 
 tables of data. The writer strongly advocates private ownership. 
 
 Failure of municipal ownership in England. Street Railway 
 
 Journal, xx, 153-158, 310-314 (1902). 
 
 RoYSE, C. A. Will public ownership increase or diminish politi- 
 cal corruption ? Arena, xxxviii, 373-384 (1907). 
 An historical sketch of political corruption in England from the earliest 
 times. The writer concludes that public ownership of monopolies will 
 decrease corruption. 
 
 Smithson, R. A. Municipal operation of tramways: some points 
 of a conmiittee's policy. Tramway and Railway World, 1906: 
 339-341. 
 Discussion: pp. 341-347- On the municipal street railways of Leeds. 
 
 Taylor, Benjamin. Municipal Glasgow. North American Re- 
 view, clxxxiv, 590-603 (1907). 
 
 A popular analysis of the good and bad points of the different municipal 
 activities. The writer states that " the more * municipalizing ' it be- 
 comes, the more its (tax) rates grow." 
 
 The municipal ownership of tramways in the United King- 
 dom. Cassier's Magazine, xvi, 381-388 (1899). 
 
 A popular analysis of municipal operation in various cities, with tables 
 of statistics. The writer favors private ownership. 
 
 TowLER, W. G. Socialism in local government. New York, 
 
 1909- 336 pp. 
 
 A popular study of the increase in municipal socialism in Great Britain, 
 the writer opposing mimicipal trading. 
 
 Turner, E. H., and James, R. C. Financial matters: British 
 gas works. {In National Civic Federation. Municipal and 
 private operation of public utilities. New York, 1907.) 
 Pt. n, vol. ii, 208-247. 
 
 Financial matters: British tramways. {In National 
 
 Civic Federation. Municipal and private operation of public 
 utilities. New York, 1907.) Pt H, vol. ii, 475-515. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
 
 377 
 
 Williams, E. E. How London loses by municipal ownership. 
 North American Review, clxxxiii, 729-736 (1906). 
 
 Wilson, Alexander. Presidential address: Institution of gas 
 engineers, annual meeting, June, 1911. Journal of Gas 
 Lighting, Water Supply and Sanitary Improvement, adv, 
 
 725-734(19")- 
 
 A very good historical sketch of the Glasgow gas works under private 
 
 and municipal management, and an engineering description of the 
 
 plant. Includes diagrams and tables of statistics. 
 
 Italy 
 
 Bachi, Riccardo. Public gas works in Italy. Mimicipal Af- 
 fairs, iv, 595-<^5 (1900)- 
 A brief historical account, various cities being discussed separately. 
 
 Fairlte, J. A. Municipal government in Italy. {In Essays in 
 
 municipal administration. New York, 1908.) 330-349. 
 
 Includes a very brief discussion of public utilities and municipal owner- 
 ship in various cities. 
 
 Magrini, Effren. Milan street railways. Municipal Affairs, 
 
 vi, 116-123 (1902). 
 
 A description of the Milan system of municipal ownership and private 
 operation, which is asserted to be a success. Includes tables of sta- 
 tistics. 
 
 Japan 
 
 Katagiri, Yosmo. Municipal electric road of Osaka. Municipal 
 
 Journal and Engineer, xxvi, 1 71-173 (1909). 
 
 A brief description of the only municipal street railway in Japan; illus- 
 trated with a map and photographs. 
 
 Sweden 
 
 Andreason, E. Substation of Stockholm mimicipal S3rstem. 
 
 Electrical World, bd, 1305-1308 (1913). 
 
 Description of plant and operating features, illustrated with photo- 
 graphs. 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 LiEBERKNECHT, A. Development of Zurich tramways. U. S. 
 Consular Reports, Ixv, no. 245, 236-237 (1901). 
 
378 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUNICIPAL UTIUTIES 
 
 REGULATION OF MUNICIPAL PLANTS 
 
 Baker, M. N. Municipal ownership and operation of water- 
 works. Annals of the American Academy of Political and 
 Social Science, Ivii, 279-281 (1915). 
 Favors state supervision of municipal water plants. 
 
 Erickson, Halford. The advantages of state regulation. An- 
 nals of the American Academy of Political and Sodal Science, 
 Ivii, 123-162 (1915). 
 
 The writer believes that municipally owned plants need regulation as 
 much as do private. 
 
 FooTE, A. R. Regulation and taxation of public service cor- 
 porations. Mimicipal Aflfairs, vi, 749-764 (1902). 
 
 The writer believes that municipal plants should be regulated and taxed 
 the same as private plants. 
 
 Holmes, F. L. State control of municipally owned plants. (In 
 Regulation of railroads and public utilities in Wisconsin. 
 New York, 1915.) 277-288. 
 On the experience of the Wisconsin commission. 
 
 King, C. L. Municipal ownership versus adequate regulation. 
 (In The regulation of municipal utilities. New York, 191 2.) 
 
 23-55- 
 
 The writer believes that municipal plants should be regulated and that 
 the expense of regulation will be no less than under private ownership. 
 
 Larson, C. M. State regulation of municipally owned plants. 
 Journal of the American Waterworks Association, ii, 515-537 
 (1915)- 
 
 On the benefits of regulation, especially as to service. Illustrated by 
 results in Wisconsin, with tables of statistics. 
 
 Smith, J. A. Effect of state regulation of public utilities upon 
 municipal home rule. Annals of the American Academy of 
 Political and Sodal Science, liii, 85-93 (1914)' 
 Opposes state regulation of municipal plants. 
 
 INDEX 
 
INDEX 
 
 Abady, Jacques, Suggested testing regu- 
 lations, 184. 
 
 Abell, H. C, Difl5cult problems commis- 
 sions are endeavoring to solve, 9; Rates 
 for electric service, 271. 
 
 Abendroth, H. G., Overhead charges m 
 valuation, 224. 
 
 Accounting for depreciation, su Depre- 
 dation. 
 
 Accounting, uniform, lySff. 
 
 Achatz, R. v., Determination of unit 
 prices on material, 215. 
 
 AcKerman, J. W., Municipal electrical 
 conduit system of the city of Auburn, 
 82. 
 
 Actual cost, su Valuation, theories and 
 meUiods. 
 
 Adams, A. D., Cause and results of munic- 
 ipal gas plants, 319; Cost of light in 
 municipsd and private gas and electric 
 plants, 6s, 260, 351 ; Cost of municipal 
 w. private gas, 28, 255, 3i9».337; 
 Eqmpment and operation of municipal 
 electric light plants in Massachusetts, 
 65, 351; First electric light plant in 
 Boston, 68; Gas rates in the United 
 States, 28, 255, 337; Gas vs. electric- 
 ity, 22, 6*5 ; The Holyoke case, 70, 352; 
 Investments and earnings of munic- 
 ipal electric plants, 65, 351; A large 
 lighting load in a small town, 70; 
 Largest municipal electric plant in 
 New England, 71, 352; Meter rents 
 and minimum rates, 28, 255, 267; 
 Municipal gas and electric plants in 
 Massachusetts, 65, 351; The New 
 York and Massachusetts conmiissions 
 of gas and electricity, 65, 78, 162, 163; 
 Rates for hydroelectric service, 271; 
 Reasonable rates, 28, 194; Regulation 
 of gas and electric rates in Massa- 
 chusetts, 65, 162, 260; Street lighting 
 contracts, 127. 
 
 Adams, A. D., and Pritchard, C. F., 
 Massachusetts electricity works, 65, 
 
 351. 
 
 Adams, A. L., Principles governing the 
 valuation of waterworks, 201; Valua- 
 tion of waterworks, 201. 
 
 Adams, H. C, Municipal ownership and 
 corrupt politics, 319; Relation of 
 
 mimicipal government to public works, 
 28, 337; Tendencies in railway taxa- 
 tion, 300; Valuation of public service 
 utilities, 201. 
 
 Adams, T. S., Valuation of railway prop- 
 erty for purposes of taxation, loi, 300. 
 
 Aera, Topical discussion on rate of return, 
 
 293. 
 
 Agar, J. G., Problem of municipal owner- 
 ship, 311; ShallAmericancities munic- 
 ipal? 22, 326, 333. . 
 
 Agency theory, see Valuation, theones 
 and methods. 
 
 Akron, Ohio, 88. 
 
 Alabama, 47, 343* 
 
 Alameda, California, 48, 343- 
 
 Alden, Percy, Municipal ownership, 114, 
 367. 
 
 Allen, W. S., The gas supply and the 
 public, 297, 326; Some problems of 
 public ownership, 326; Street railway 
 franchises in Mas«uJiusetts, 66, 137; 
 Street railways, development of, in 
 Ma^achusetts, 66; Taxes on street 
 railway franchises, 300. 
 
 Allison, J. E., A criticism of theoretical 
 depreciation, 234; Depreciation, 234; 
 Etnical and economic elements in pub- 
 lic service valuation, 201, 215; Finding 
 fair value, 234; Rate calculations for 
 electric light and power, 271; Rate of 
 return, 293; Should public service 
 properties be depreciated ? 234; Work 
 of public service commissions, 147* 
 
 Allison, LeR. W., Accounting system for 
 electric companies, 178; Glendale 
 municipal electric lighting plant, 48, 
 343. 
 
 AUnert, Harold, Public utility regulation 
 from the standpoint of the public and 
 the eng^eer, 9; Valuing the property 
 of public utilities, 201. 
 Alvord, J. W., A cooperative waterworks 
 franchise, 59, 137; Depreciation, 234; 
 Depreciation of public utility proper- 
 ties, 23s; Equitable hydrant rentals, 
 290; Financial questions in water- 
 works valuations, 224, 231, 293; Fun- 
 damental principles of valuation, 201, 
 215; Necessary elements for water- 
 works valuation, 201 ; Notes on going 
 
 38X 
 
»f» 
 
 382 
 
 INDEX 
 
 iiiil 
 
 'fflnfll 
 
 PS 
 
 >^ue Mid methods for its computation, 
 225. See also, MttcRli, Leonard. 
 
 Social Science, Control of municipal 
 pubhc service corporations, 3, ^; 
 Electric railway transportation, 3 
 Mumcipal ownership and municip^i 
 franchises, 132 334; Public policies 
 as to mumcipal utUities, 4; Relation 
 Of Annencan mumcipalities to the eas 
 and electnc light supply, 29; Relation 
 of the mumcipahty to the water 
 
 ^^'n^A ''*'' '^*">- of 
 American Economic Association, Com- 
 mittee on Public Finance, Relation of 
 ww^"" ™"^"P^^«s to quasi-public 
 
 "^1^4 ^^^^""^ ?^^*y Association, 
 Report of committee on determining 
 the proper basis for rates and fares, 
 
 American Gas Imtitute, Report of com- 
 mittee on a uniform system of accounts 
 tor gas companies, 178. 
 p^S^*"" Society of Civil Engineers 
 Bibliography on valuation of public 
 utihties, 17. fMuux. 
 
 American Waterworks Association, Dis- 
 cussion of depreciation and a compari- 
 son of rates and bookkeeping methods 
 of municipally and privately owned 
 waterworks, 178, 235,311. 
 
 i^!^°' ?' ^^ "^^ ^° get rid of the 
 
 reproducUon cost theory, 216 
 Anderson, William, The work of public 
 
 service commissions, 78, 163 
 Andreason, E., Substation of Stockholm 
 
 mumcipal system, 126, 377. 
 Ar^^nts against municipal ownership, 
 
 Arguments for municipal ownership. 
 
 Arkwright, P. S., Length of franchise, 144 
 A^strong, C. H., Depreciation aTd 
 
 kmdred matters, 235. 
 Arnold, B J., City transportation: sub- 
 ways and railroad terminals, 54; Foun- 
 dation prmciples of utility valuation 
 49, 54, 76, 134, 135, 139, 201, aoa, 212,' 
 213, franchise and legal matters, 40. 
 134; Report on the Chicago transl)©?- 
 tation problem, 55; Report on the 
 transportation facilities of San Fran- 
 asco, 49; Report on legal and franchise 
 A^nM b' San Francisco, 49, 134. 
 
 fnl^'r- J" ^^?"°«' «• B' and Wes- 
 ton, George, Phases in the develop- 
 ment of the street railways of Chicagb 
 55, 13s, 161. ^' 
 
 Ashley H. W PubHc poUcy and legal 
 regulation of central station chaiSs. 
 272; Public service electric rates, 2^2 
 Theones of electnc current rate sched- 
 
 Ashley, Percy, Municipal policy and state 
 con^l, 311; Water, gas and electric 
 light supply of London, 114, 367. 
 
 Atkinson, A. S., Construction a!nd de- 
 preciation, 235. "^ 
 
 aH^I^' Georgia, 52, 346. 
 
 AtUeborough, Massachusetts, 68, «i 
 
 Auburn, New York, 82. 
 
 Austin, C C, Jacksonville municipal 
 power plant, 52, 345. ^ 
 
 Austria, 109, 363. 
 
 Avebury, J. L., Effect of municipal trad- 
 ing on private enterprise, 326; Munic- 
 ipal trading 326; On municipal and 
 national tradmg, 115, 367. *^ 
 
 Aylesworth, M. H., Franchises and pub- 
 hc welfare, 127. ^ 
 
 Ayres, A. U., Governmental regulation 
 of securities issues, 189. 
 
 INDEX 
 
 383 
 
 Bachi, Riccardo, Public gas works in 
 _ Italy, 125,377. 
 
 Backstrand, C. F., Riverside's municipal 
 power plant, 49, 344. *^ 
 
 Badger, H. R., Work of valuation of elec- 
 
 Tj u ^^^y property, 220. 
 
 Baker, C. A., Influence of tariflFs on elec- 
 tnaty supply, 272. 
 
 \9a.^'' Monopolies and Uie people. 
 30; What shaU we do witii mumapal 
 monopohes ? 9. *^ 
 
 Baker, J N., Limitation of state control 
 over tiie regulation of rates, 192; 
 Limiting state regulation, 194. 
 Baker, M. N., Municipal franchises and 
 contracts, 127; Municipal ownership. 
 311; Mumcipal ownership and opera- 
 tion of waterworks, 30, 338, 378; 
 R^^aterworks, 30, 319, 338. 
 Baker, N. D, Discussion of constitu- 
 tional protection in valuation, 192. 
 249;. Municipal ownership, 22, 234. 
 Baldwm A. S., ShaU San FJanciU mu- 
 
 mcipalize its water supply ? co xaa 
 Baldwin, H. deF., DeterSng^frk^Sise 
 values 231; Valuation of waterworks' 
 special franchises, 202, 231. 
 Baldwin, R. N., St. Louis pubUc service 
 
 commission, 77, 163. 
 Baldwin, W. W., Railroad taxation, 300; 
 
 BaUaSTw'^n^^'^P"^?"^^'^^*- 
 a % r-' I^esign and operation of 
 
 the Cleveland municipal electric light 
 
 plant, ^, 357; Some essentials of 
 
 appraisal work, 220. 
 
 Balmforth, Owen, Progress of municipal 
 
 government, 115, 367. 
 Baltimore, Maryland, 64, 260. 
 Bard, E. F., Street rjiilways of Chicago, 
 
 55- 
 
 Barham, A. W., The problem of the small 
 consumer, 272. 
 
 Barker, Harry, How to appraise water 
 rights, 202; Side lights on depreciation 
 problems, 235. 
 
 Barnes, C. £., Municipal tramways in 
 Cologne, 113, 366. 
 
 Barrow, W. M., State railroad commis- 
 sions and the courts, 30, 194. 
 
 Barrs, J. M., Municipal ownership in 
 Jacksonville, 52, 345. 
 
 Bassett, E. M., Municipal ownership of 
 public utilities in Germany, 113, 366; 
 Rapid transportation in the world's 
 great cities, 22. 
 
 Bassett, G. B., Water meter rates, 290. 
 
 Battey, C. T., Electric freight in Massa- 
 chusetts, 66. 
 
 Bauer, John, Control of return on public 
 utility investments, 9, 147; Bases of 
 valuation in the control of return on 
 public utility investments, 216; De- 
 preciation and rate control, 235; De- 
 preciation formula of the American 
 society of civil engineers, 235; Going 
 value in connection with a physical 
 appraisal: the New York rule, 225, 
 249; The idea of capitalization as ap- 
 plied to public service corporations, 
 178; Rents in public utility account- 
 ing, 178; Returns on public service 
 properties, 268; Valuation of public 
 service properties: actual cost vs. cost 
 of reproduction, 216. 
 
 Baum, F. G., The best control of pub- 
 lic utilities, 10, 272; Class rates for 
 light and power systems or territories, 
 272. 
 
 Beale, J. H., and Wyman, Bruce, Basis 
 of capital charges, 216, 249; General 
 principles governing comi)ensation, 
 268; Judicial review of commission 
 action, 192; Railroad rate regulation, 
 22, 147; Rate of return, 293. 
 
 Beard, C. A., Commissions in American 
 government, 147; Franchises and 
 public utilities, 30, 132; Municipal 
 ownership, 30, 311, 338. 
 
 Beck, H. C, Atlanta's municipal water- 
 works, 52, 346. 
 
 Beckhard, Bruno, Attieborough, an 
 object lesson, 68, 35 1 ; Municipal light- 
 ing in St. Louis, 77, 354. 
 
 Beckjord, W. C, Rates for electric ser- 
 vice, 273. 
 
 Beecher, H. W., Kamloops* steam tur- 
 bine power plant, 109, 363. 
 
 Belfast, Ireland, 375. 
 
 Belgium, 109, 363. 
 
 Bell, Sir James, and Paton, James, Glas- 
 gow: its municipal organization and 
 administration, 115, 368. 
 
 Bellamy, C. R., Public transportation: 
 with special reference to Liverpool 
 tramways, 115, 368. 
 
 Bemis, E. W., Cleveland, 88; Cleveland 
 street railway settiement, 88, 141; 
 Detroit's efforts to own her street niil- 
 ways, 71, 352; Franchise situation and 
 the referendum in Cleveland, 89, 141; 
 Gas, 22, 334; Latest electric light re- 
 ports, 30, 255, 338; Municipal monop- 
 olies, 319; Municipal operation vs. 
 private op)eration of municipal monop- 
 olies, 31, 338; Municipal ownership of 
 gas, 31, 320, 338; Original cost as the 
 chief basis for fair value, 216; Regula- 
 tion or ownership, 320; Report upon 
 the price of gas in Chicago, 55, 259; 
 Some present day issues of public 
 utility regulation, 10, 153; Street rail- 
 way settiement in CleveUind, 89, 141; 
 Street railways, 23, 334, 368; Treat- 
 ment of land in rate cases, 233; Water 
 meter rates, 290. 
 
 Bemis, E. W., and Ingram, F. F., How 
 the people should acquire public util- 
 ities, 319. 
 
 Bennett, C. G., Illinois utilities commis- 
 sion and the waterworks companies, 
 SS, 160. 
 
 Bercovitz, D., Continental systems of 
 charging for current by contract, 23, 
 
 255. 
 
 Bergen, Frank, Restrictive legislation 
 against public service corporations in 
 New Jersey, 78. 
 
 Berglund, Abraham, Valuation of rail- 
 roads in the state of Washington, 99, 
 214. 
 
 Berlin, Germany, 113, 366. 
 
 Bemhard, F. H., Milwaukee's new mu- 
 nicipal lighting system, 108, 363. 
 
 Bettman, Alfred, Constitutionality of 
 historical cost method, 216, 249; 
 Theory of franchise values, 231. 
 
 Betts, G. W., Legal justification for 
 differential rates, 273. 
 
 Betts, Philander, Organization of a pub- 
 lic service commission, 147. 
 
 Bibliographies, i7ff. 
 
 Biette, L., The metropolitan system of 
 Paris, 112. 
 
 Binckley, G. S., Why appraisal is not 
 valuation, 202. 
 
384 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Birmingham, Alabama, 47, 343. 
 BisseU, G. W., Depredation of electrical 
 properties, 235. 
 
 Blake, A. D., New York City's power 
 problem, %i, 355. •" ^ 
 
 Blake, H. W., Contrast between com- 
 pany and municipal ownership, iic 
 327, 368; Problem of the five-cent 
 fare, 78, 286. 
 
 Blood W. H., Jr., Improvements in 
 central staUon service, 23, 184. 
 
 ,'r^j.^'.^'*^^^^ application of the 
 self-adjusting standard for rate fixing 
 268, 298; Public and public service 
 corporations, 268; Rate fixing and 
 •PJP'^s, 268; Regulation of pubUc 
 utihUes by competition in the securi- 
 ties market, 293. 
 
 Blue sky legislation, see Capitalization 
 control of. ' 
 
 Bolton, R. P., Cheap electricity in To- 
 ronto, no, 266, 363; Favoritism in 
 rates 110, 266, 363; Financial meth- 
 ods of Uie power commission, 1 10, x6v 
 General results of pubUc operation in 
 Ontano, no, 363; Government electric 
 railways, no, 364; Our interest in 
 Canadian operations, no, 364. 
 
 Bonbnght, J. C, Depreciation and rate 
 control, 235, 
 
 Bond Walter, Municipal trading, 327. 
 Bookkeepmg, see Accounting, uniform. 
 
 ^*l«!n' ^- .^r ^ ^^^ ^^"^'Sy rate for 
 small central stations, 273. 
 
 Boston, Massachusetts, 68, 69, 70, 138. 
 261, 352. / » o > 
 
 Boston sUding scale, see SUding scale, 
 lioume, Jonatiian, Jr., Evils of govern- 
 ment ownership, 327. 
 
 Bowden, J. H., Standardization of tariffs 
 273. ' 
 
 Bowden, J. H., and Tait, Fred, Equi- 
 table chargmg for tiie supply of energy 
 by mumcipal electricity undertaking, 
 
 Bowker R. R., The piracy of public 
 franchises, 83, 139; Public control, 
 ownership or operation of municipal 
 franchises, 23, 327, 335; State publica- 
 tions, 17. 
 
 Bowman, H. M., State railroad commis- 
 sions, 31, 153. 
 
 Bown, C. E., Some defects in the present 
 Pennsylvania statute on public utili- 
 ties, 93, 167, 174. 
 
 Boyle, James, Municipal socialism in 
 i-ngland, 115, 368; Municipal social- 
 ism m Great Britain, 115, 368. 
 
 BozcD, H. v., Data on municipal plant 
 operation m Oklahoma, 93, 358. 
 
 Bradford, E. S., Municipal electric light- 
 ««» 31, 338; Muniapal gas %h2ng, 
 3'» 339* 
 
 Bradlee, H. G., Actual figures of exist- 
 ing street railways, 286; Profitable 
 Imut of a five-cent fare, 287. 
 
 Brady, A. W., Some phases of the fran- 
 chise question, 127, 144. 
 
 Brady, J. E., Gas franchises and priv- 
 ileges, 127. 
 
 Brandeis, L. D., Central power station 
 rates, 273; Experience of Massa- 
 chusetts in street railways, 66; How 
 B<Kton solved the gas problem, 68, 
 298; Interiocking directorates, 189. 
 Brashears, W. F., Denver waterworks 
 controversy, 51; New York City's 
 subway crisis, 83; Passing of three- 
 cent fares, 89, 263; Thiee-cent car 
 fares on trial, 89, 263. 
 Braxton, A. C, Virginia state corporation 
 
 commission, 99, 168. 
 Breen, I. R., A municipal franchise b a 
 valuable asset and should be so treated. 
 127. * 
 
 Bremers, H. J., Jr., Mum'cipal light and 
 
 water plant at Fremont, 77, 354. 
 Bnggs, W. W., Proposed dividend type 
 
 domestic service rate, 273. 
 Bntish Board of Trade, The financial 
 
 position of tramway undertakings, 1 15, 
 
 368. 
 
 Britton, J. A., Accounting under utility 
 
 J regulation, 178. 
 
 Brockway, W. B., Electric raflway ac- 
 counting, 179. 
 Brookings, South Dakota, 97, 360. 
 Brooklyn Public Library, Books on 
 
 municipal ownership, 17. 
 Brooks, R. C, The municii>al gas works 
 in Berlm, n3, 366; Municipalization 
 of the Berhn electric works, 113, 366. 
 
 Brooks, Sydney, Public ownership 
 abroad, 116, 369. 
 
 Brown, C. C, How a private gas com- 
 pany at Indianapolis is controlled in 
 the pubUc interest, 60, 137; A modem 
 mumcipal franchise, 60, 133, 137; 
 5ome new provisions in a proposed 
 franchise, 60, 137; Water rates and 
 rentals, 290. 
 
 Brown, W. H., Public ownerehip and 
 popular government, 327. 
 
 Brown, W. R., Municipal ownership and 
 league organization, 320. 
 
 Brudre, Henry, Public utilities regulation 
 m New York, 78, 164. 
 
 Brush, M. C, A great city system, 68. 
 
 INDEX 
 
 38s 
 
 Bryan, W. H., Appraisal and depreciation 
 of waterworks, 202, 236; Going value 
 as an element in the appraisal of public 
 utility properties, 102, 169, 225, 24p. 
 
 Bryce, James, The Philadelphia gas nng, 
 
 Buffalo, New York, 82. 
 
 Bullard, J. E., Gas rates: flat rate unfair 
 to company and consumer, 284; Rate 
 systems from the central station solic- 
 itor's viewpoint, 273. 
 
 Bullock, C. J., Control of the capitaliza- 
 tion of public service corporations in 
 Massachusetts, 66, 189; Taxation of 
 public utilities, 300. 
 
 Burdett, E. W., The agitation for munic- 
 ipal ownership in the United States, 
 116, 327, 369; Cause of municipal 
 ownership agitation, 327; Municipal 
 ownershn) in Great Britain, xi6, 328, 
 369; Municipal ownership in the 
 United States, 328. 
 
 Burdett, Frederick, and Forstall, A. E., 
 Engineering matters: United States 
 gas works, 31, 339. 
 
 Burdick, C. B., Viduation of waterworks 
 plants, 202. 
 
 Burdick, R. H., Performance of diesel- 
 engine plants in Texas, 97. 
 
 Bureau of Railway Economics, List of 
 references on valuation of railways, 18; 
 Railway economics: a collective cata- 
 logue of books, 18. 
 
 Bureau of Standards, see U. S. Bureau of 
 Standards. 
 
 Bureau of the Census, see U. S. Bureau 
 of the Census. 
 
 Burgess, Philip, Points of difference in 
 waterworks franchises, 127; Some fea- 
 tures of engineering appraisements of 
 waterworks properties, 202; Water 
 rates, 290. 
 
 Burlington, Vermont, 99, 360, 361. 
 
 Bumand, W. E., Low rates and the de- 
 velopment of the central station ser- 
 vice, 273. 
 
 Burnett, Douglass, Differential gas rates 
 in Baltimore, 64, 260. 
 
 Burnett, H. R., The costs of electricity 
 supply and their relation to charges, 
 
 273. 
 Bums, C. S., Determination of physical 
 
 values, 203; Viduation of public utili- 
 ties, 225, 236. 
 
 Bums, John, Municipal ownership a 
 blessing, 320. 
 
 Busby, L. A., Regulation of public utili- 
 ties, 10, 147, 148. 
 
 BuUer, J. A., Milwaukee, 108; Street 
 railway problem in Milwaukee, 109. 
 
 Butier, Pierce, Valuation of railway prop- 
 erty for purposes of rate regulation, 
 203. 
 
 Butt, W. E., Bringing an old waterworks 
 valuation up to date, 220. 
 
 Butterworth, W. C, Cost and price of 
 gas in a small city, 109, 265. 
 
 Byxbee, J. F., Jr., Experience with the 
 diesel-engine in the municipal power 
 plant of Palo Alto, 48, 343. 
 
 Cadby, J. N., Regulating the quality of 
 public utility service, 102, 169, 184; 
 Standards for gas and electric service, 
 102, 169, 184. 
 
 Cahoon, J. B., A business argument 
 against municipal ownership, 328; 
 Municipal electric lighting oppc«ed, 
 31, 255, 328, 339; State control of 
 corporations, 10; Uniform accounting, 
 179. 
 
 Calgary, Canada, no, in, 266, 364, 365. 
 
 California, 47, 48, 49. 5©, "34, 158, i59, 
 213, 258, 343, 344, 345- 
 
 Calkins, Grosvenor, Massachusetts anti- 
 stock watering law, 66, 190. 
 
 Camden, New York, 82, 355. 
 
 Canada, 109, no, in, 112, 144, 266, 
 
 363, 364, 365- 
 
 Cannon, L. A., Electric franchises, no, 
 144. 
 
 Capitalization, control of, 189 ff . 
 
 Carr, W. J., Does municipal ownership 
 pay ? 49, 344. 
 
 Carver, H. E., Continuous inventones, 
 220. 
 
 Case, L. N., Municipal operation in 
 Duluth, 75, 3S4. 
 
 Casey, C. C, Municipal lighting at 
 St. Louis, 77, 354. 
 
 Cavanaugh, H. B., Federal income tax 
 law as applicable to electric railroads, 
 300. 
 
 Cawcroft, Ernest, The constitutional 
 convention and New York's fiscal 
 policy, 79, 355. 
 
 Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 62, 349. 
 
 Chace, W. G., Winnipeg municipal elec- 
 tric system, no, 364. 
 
 Chappelle, C. C, Some problems of rate 
 making, 273. 
 
 Charles, S. A., Meter locations and meter 
 accounts, 179. 
 
 Chase, H. S., Depreciation in water- 
 works accounts, 236; Maintenance 
 and depreciation char^, 179, 236, 
 312; Standard and uniform reports, 
 179. 
 
 Chicago, Illinois, 54 ff., 135,136,161, 212, 
 
 2S9, 347, 348. 
 
386 
 
 INDEX 
 
 .';fl 
 
 vli' 
 
 Child, R. W., Where a theory fafls, 236. 
 
 Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, 108, 363? 
 
 Chisholm, Samuel, Municipal enter- 
 pnses, 116,369. 
 
 Chnstie, A. G., Calgary's municipal 
 power plant, no, 266, 364; Leth- 
 bndge municipal power plant, no, 
 364; Mumcipal electrical utilities of 
 western Canada, no, 364; Municipal 
 power plant at Medicine Hat, iii, 
 364; Municipal power plant operated 
 by Saskatoon, in; Regina municipal 
 powerplant,ni,364. 
 
 Cmcmnati, Ohio, 88. 
 
 Claflin, G. E., Depreciation accounting 
 for small companies, 236. 
 
 *^ j' F' ^'' ^^^^^ railroad commissions 
 and how they may be made eflTective, 
 32, 148, 153. 
 
 Q^' Jc ^'' ^*^^^ ^^^ P"^^^c utilities, 
 284; Some neglected phases of rate 
 regulation, 216, 293. 
 
 Clark, Walton, see Edgar, C. L. 
 
 Clark, W. J., British municipal tramway 
 conditions, n6, 266, 369; British 
 tramways, n6, 369; The figures in the 
 case, 328, 369; Municipal ownership 
 m Great Britain and United States 
 32,116,328,369; Public utaities here 
 and abroad, 23, 335. 
 
 Class rates, see Rate schedules. 
 
 Cleary, A. J., Municipal street railways, 
 50, 344; San Francisco's new munici- 
 pal street railways, 50, 344. 
 
 Cleveland, F. A., Municipal ownership 
 as a form of governmental control, ^12. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio, 88, 89, 90, 91, 141, 142, 
 
 ^143, 213, 357. 
 
 Clews, Henry, Municipal ownership a 
 delusion, 328. 
 
 Clough, E. B., Truth about Cleveland 
 traction, 89, 263. 
 
 Cobleigh, C. F., Early electric railway 
 experiments in Kansas City, 76 
 
 Cobum, F. W., The crisis in street rail- 
 way service, 287. 
 
 ColdweU, O. B., Analytical accounting 
 for central station companies, 179 
 
 Coleman, G. S., Special franchise taxa- 
 tion m New York, 79, 300. 
 
 Coler, B. S., ShaU New York own its sub- 
 ways ? 83, 355. 
 
 Collier, W. R., The sale of current to 
 mumcipally owned distributing sys- 
 tems, 52, 259, 274, 312, 346. 
 
 Co ogne, Germany, n3, 366. 
 
 Colorado, 51, 134, 160. 
 
 Columbus, Ohio, 92, 357. 
 
 Commission attitude as to valuation 
 249 ff. 
 
 Commissioners, qualifications of, see 
 Public service commissions: General 
 works. 
 
 Commissions, public service, see Public 
 service commissions. 
 
 Commissions, public utility, see Public 
 ser\ice commissions. 
 
 Commons, J. R., Economic and social 
 factors in Chicago municipal lighting, 
 55. 347; Labor and politics, 23, 33c; 
 La Follette railroad law in Wisconsin^ 
 102 169; Municipal administration of 
 public utilities, 312; Municipal elec- 
 tee hghUng, 32 256, 320, 339; Wis- 
 consm public utilities law, 102, 169. 
 
 Commons, J. R., and SuUivan, J. W.. 
 Labor and politics: British gas, elec- 
 tric supply and tramways, n7, 369, 
 Gas, electnc supply and tramways, 
 37o> U. S. gas works, 32, 339. 
 
 Conant, W. B., Municipal water plant 
 denves income from water power, 68, 
 352;^ Street railway obligations to 
 repair and maintain public ways, 300. 
 
 Conat, M. L., List of periodical publica- 
 tions relating to municipal affairs, 18. 
 
 Condemnation and purchase, 248, 249. 
 
 Conference of American Mayors, Pro- 
 ceedings of, 4. 
 
 Conference on valuation, Proceedings 
 ^ of, 198, 199. * 
 
 Conklm, L. H., Rates for electric service. 
 
 274. ' 
 
 Connecticut, 51, 345. 
 
 Contracts, see Franchises. 
 
 Coiitrol of capitalization, see Capitaliza- 
 tion, control of. 
 
 Conway, Thomas, Jr., The decreasing 
 tmancial returns upon urban street rail- 
 way properties, 287. 
 
 Cooke, M. L., Experts in valuation cases. 
 203. ' 
 
 Cooley, M. E., Factors determining a 
 reasonable charge for public utility ser- 
 vice, 203, 268; Overhead charges, 225. 
 
 Cooper H. S., Franchises, 127; Special 
 pnvilege, 127. 
 
 Cooper, M. D., History and economics 
 of central station rate makinir 2c6 
 
 274. "«v^^, 5 , 
 
 Corson, F. H., Industrial power supply 
 
 from municipal stations, 274. 
 Coiy, C. L., Rate fixing and appraisal, 
 
 284, 294; Rates for gas service, 203: 
 
 Reasonable gas rates and their deter- 
 
 mmation, 284. 
 Coiy, C. L., Vincent, W. G., Jr., and 
 
 Norton, W. J., Symposium on inven- 
 
 tones and appraisals, 203, 216, 221. 
 
 225. 
 
 INDEX 
 
 387 
 
 Court attitude as to valuatioii, 249 ff. 
 
 Court review, see Judicial review. 
 
 Cost of reproduction, see Valuation, 
 theories and methods. 
 
 Costs and Rates, see Rate schedules. 
 
 Cowan, E. W., The price of electricity, 
 274. 
 
 Crapper, E. H., Methods of charging for 
 electrical energy, 274. 
 
 Cravath, J. R., Accounting for deprecia- 
 tion, 236; Demand and diversity 
 factors and their influence on rates, 
 102, 169, 264, 274; Municipal owner- 
 ship of electric light plants, 328. 
 
 Cravens, G. W., Depreciation and main- 
 tenance of electrical equipment, 236. 
 
 Crawford, N. McD., and Woodward, 
 J. H., Engineering matters: British 
 tramways, 117, 370. 
 
 Crawford, Robert, Glasgow's experience 
 with municipal ownership and opera- 
 tion, 117,370. 
 
 Crawfordsville, Indiana, 60, 137. 
 
 Crocker, Courtenay, Some evils of double 
 taxation, 300. 
 
 Crosby, O. T., Automatic rate regula- 
 tion, 294; Physical valuations, 203; 
 Public policies and public utilities, 10, 
 148. 
 
 Grosser, Robert, Why I believe in munic- 
 ipal ownership, 320. 
 
 Crowell, F. B., Quitman municipal water 
 and light plant, 53, 346. 
 
 Crowell, H. H., Electric lighting rates 
 and depreciation, 32, 256. 
 
 Crowley, J. C, Control helps utilities, 
 102, 169. 
 
 Curtis, C. E., Street railways and their 
 relation to the public, 23, 132, 335; 
 Taxation of street railways for pur- 
 poses of revenue and control, 32, in, 
 301. 
 
 Curtis, W. J., Local public utilities, 5. 
 
 Cutier, J. G., Municipal control of public 
 
 service corporations, 86, 356. 
 Cutting, R. F., Public ownership and 
 socisd conscience, 3 20; Shall New York 
 own its subways ? 83, 355. 
 
 Dailey, John, State vs. city control, 174. 
 
 Daly, W. M., Public lighting plant of 
 Detroit, 71, 352. 
 
 Daniels, C. N., Municipal ownership m 
 Sheffield, 117, 370. 
 
 Daniels, W. M., Law that has teeth, 78, 
 163; Municipal ownership, 328; Taxa- 
 tion of railroad and canal property in 
 New Jersey, 301. 
 
 Dannettell, G. W., Gas ownership in a 
 Kentucky city, 63, 350. 
 
 Danville, Virginia, 99, 361. 
 
 Darrach, C. G., Valuation of properties 
 of public utility corporations, 196. 
 
 Darrow, C. S., The Chicago traction 
 question, 55, 347. 
 
 Darwin, Leonard, Municipal ownership, 
 309; Municipal trade, 117, 309, 370. 
 
 Dary, Georges, Charges for electrical 
 energy supply in France, 112, 266. 
 
 Davies, D. H., Cost of municipal enter- 
 prise, 329; Cost of municipal trading, 
 
 329- 
 Davies, F. H., British central station 
 
 rates, 117, 267. 
 
 Davies, H. G., Fair interest on invest- 
 ment, 237. 
 
 Davies, H. J., Some accounting features 
 of the Cleveland railway company's 
 franchise, 89, 141, 179, 
 
 Davis, F. A. W., Shall there be a charge 
 for fire lines ? 290. 
 
 Davis, G. H., Adjustment of American 
 street car fares, 287. 
 
 Davis, J. S., Depreciation and rate con- 
 trol, 237. 
 
 Davis, R. K., Street railway situation in 
 Detroit, 72, 138. 
 
 Dawes, R. C., Regulation by commission, 
 148; Regulation of utility corpora- 
 tions, 148. 
 
 Dawson, W. H., Trading enterprises, 
 113,366. 
 
 Day, Charles, Constructive policy for 
 public service corporations, 10, 274. 
 
 Deacon, W. G., The Chicago traction 
 plan, 55, 184; A city's lost honor, 51; 
 Detroit's politics halts development, 
 72; Electric rates for Minneapolis, 75, 
 262; Public utilities of Newark, 92, 
 358; Sale of Wheeling gas plant urged, 
 loi, 362; A three-cent car fare test, 
 92, 263; Toll of politics, 100, 361; 
 Truth about Jacksonville, 52, 346. 
 
 Dearborn, R. H., Physical valuation of 
 electrical properties in Oregon, 93, 214. 
 
 DeFodor, Etienne, Rates for electricity 
 supply, 113, 266, 274. 
 
 DeFrese, S. E., Equitable gas rates, 284. 
 
 DeGonzega, A., Detroit's street railway 
 problem, 72. 
 
 Delano, F. A., Application of a deprecia- 
 tion charge in railway accoimting, 237. 
 
 Demand rates, see Electric rates. 
 
 Denver, Colorado, 51, 134. 
 
 Depreciation, 234 flf. 
 
 Des Moines, Iowa, 62. 
 
 Detroit, Michigan, 71, 72, 73. 138, 261, 
 
 35a, 353- 
 Detroit Public Library, Municipal af- 
 fairs, 18. 
 
388 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Development expenses, see Intangibles. 
 
 Dewey, D. R., Legal aspects of corpora- 
 tion franchises, 128, 301; Municipal 
 revenue from street railways, 301. 
 
 DeWolf, R. D., Electric central staUon 
 rates, 275. 
 
 Dick, J. R., Influences of tariffs on elec- 
 tricity supply, 275. 
 
 Dickerman, J. C, Comparison of electric 
 light and power rates, 32, 256; Cost of 
 producing illuminating gas in Ameri- 
 can cities, 33, 284; Cost of supplying 
 illuminating gas in the smaller Ameri- 
 can cities, T,s, 284; Determination of 
 unit price in appraisals, 221; Lower 
 electric rates in Philadelphia, 94, 263; 
 Some notes on the regulation of gas 
 service, 184; Standards for gas ser- 
 ^ce, 33, 153, 185; Standards of service 
 clauses in street lighting contracts, 128, 
 185. 
 
 Dickey, C. H., Obligations imposed by 
 the possession of a franchise, 1 28. 
 
 Differential rates, see Rate schedules. 
 
 Diven, J. M., How can politics be elimi- 
 nated from mimicipal waterworks ? 
 312; Special fire protection rates, 
 Elmira, 82, 262. 
 
 Diversity factors, see Electric rates. 
 
 Dix, J. F., Partnership vs. principal and 
 agent in public utility rate making, 
 217. 
 
 Dixon, F. H., Recent railroad commis- 
 sion legislation, 33, 153; State rail- 
 road control, 61, 161. 
 Dodge, L. A., Public belt railroad of New 
 
 Orleans, 63, 351. 
 Doherty, H. L., Equitable, uniform and 
 competitive rates, 275; Methods of 
 charging, 268; The rate question, 275; 
 Rates, 18, 285; Some features of 
 municipal ownership, 329; State regu- 
 lation of lighting enterprises, 33, 154. 
 Donald, Robert, The case for municipal 
 trading, 117, 321, 370; Municipal 
 trading: a defense, 321; Principles of 
 municipal ownership, 321; Recent 
 attacks on municipal ownership in 
 Great Britain, 117, 321, 370; Street 
 railways in British town, 118, 370; 
 Success of municipal ownership in 
 Great Britain, 118, 371. 
 Donaldson ville, Louisiana, 63, 350. 
 DoolitUe, F. W., The Cleveland experi- 
 ment, 89, 142, 263; The Milwaukee 
 experiment, 109, 144, 265; Railway 
 operation in Cleveland, 89, 185; Some 
 problems of electric railway industry, 
 287; Studies in the cost of urban 
 transportation service, 287. 
 
 Doty, E. T., Measurement of land values, 
 
 233- 
 Douglass, S. M., Regulation and the 
 
 public, 10. 
 Dow, Alex., Art of rate making, 275. 
 Downey, E. H., Regulation of urban 
 
 utiliUes in Iowa 5, ^3, 63, 161, 174. 
 Dreher, H. W., Effect of utility regula- 
 tions upon the banks, 102, 169. 
 Dreyfus, E. D., Appraisement of small 
 electric properties, 221, 237; Reckon- 
 mg with costs of superseded equip- 
 ment, 217, 250; Some notes on tife 
 large power rate, 275. 
 Druar, J. F., Rates and rate making, 204, 
 
 275- 
 DuBois, J. T., Municipal electric light 
 
 and power in Germany, 113, 366. 
 Dubuque, Iowa, 62, 350. 
 Duffy, C. N., Cleveland railway situa- 
 faon, 89, 142; Depreciation, 237; 
 Economics of the Cleveland railway 
 situation, 90, 142; Effect of load factor 
 on cost of electric railway service, 287- 
 Electric UtiliUes, 11; FaUure of threc^ 
 cent car fares, 90; Theoretical basis 
 for determining fares, 288. 
 Duluth, Minnesota, 75, 354. 
 Duncan, C. S., Paternalism of pubUc 
 
 service commissions, 148. 
 Duncan, T. C, Purposes and methods of 
 
 the Indiana utility act, 60, 161. 
 Dunkel, J. H., The municipality and the 
 
 company, 128. 
 Dunlap, J. H., The water meter rates of 
 
 Iowa City, 62, 260. 
 Dunn, S. O., Fair regulation of railroads, 
 148; Shall railway profits be limited ? 
 294; The sUte nulway commissions. 
 33,148,154. 
 Dunne, E. F., Municipal ownership in 
 Chicago, 55, 347, 
 
 Dupont, A. B., Fallacy of the reprxxluc- 
 tion cost theory, 217. 
 
 Dm^d, E. D., Street raOway fares, 288: 
 Street railway franchises, public regu- 
 lation and public ownerslup, 33, 133, 
 339*, 
 
 Duration of franchise, see Length of 
 term, franchise. 
 
 Earl, G. G., Water rates, 64, 260, 290. 
 
 Eastman, F. M., Taxation of public ser- 
 vice corp)orations in Pennsylvania ox 
 301. ' ^* 
 
 Eastman, J. B., The public utiUties com- 
 missions of Massachusetts, 66. 162. 
 See also Woods, R. A. 
 
 Eastwood, J. S., The railroad commis- 
 sion and the public, 47, 158, 174. 
 
 INDEX 
 
 389 
 
 Eberhart, A. 0., Why I believe in state 
 
 regulation, 174. 
 Eberle, George, Copper zone vs. nickel 
 cone as a basis of interurban rates, 288. 
 Edgar, C. L., and Clark, Walton, Anal- 
 yses of the information concerning 
 municipal ownership collected by the 
 National Civic Federation, 312. 
 
 Edmondson, W. H., A mechanical com- 
 puter for electric energy rates, 275. 
 
 Edmonton, Canada, iii, 365. 
 
 Edwards, H. M., Accounting for depre- 
 ciation, 237; Electric light accounts 
 and their significance, 180; Regulated 
 electric light accounting, 79, 164, 180. 
 
 Egbert, H. McC, Failure of municipal 
 gas plant, 92, 358. 
 
 Einstein, A. C., Central station rate 
 schedules for retail customers, 275. 
 
 Eisenmenger, H. E., Computation of the 
 cost of current, 275; Graphical anal- 
 ysis of the St. Louis residence rates, 
 77, 262, 276; Some geometrical aspects 
 of the three-charge-rate system, 276; 
 Space representation of central station 
 rates, 276; Theoretical basis of the 
 multiple rate system, 276. 
 
 Electrical World, On what basis shall 
 public utilities be valued ? 204. 
 
 Electric rates, 271 ff. 
 
 Elkins, A. F., Public service accounting, 
 180. 
 
 Ellicott, E. B., Chicago's experience 
 with municipal lighting, 56, 347; 
 Chicago's lighting plant, 56, 347; 
 Municip>al electric lighting in Chicago, 
 56, 347; Robert A. Waller municipal 
 lighting plant, 56, 347; Thirteen 
 years' experience with municipal 
 street lightmg at Chicago, 56, 347. 
 
 Elliott, E. L., Indefinite candle power in 
 municipal contracts, 128, 185. 
 
 Ellis, R. L., Rates for electricity, 276. 
 
 Elmira, New York, 82, 262. 
 
 Ely, R. T., Municipal ownership of 
 natural monopolies, 312, 321. 
 
 Emery, J. A., Statistical units used in 
 analysis of electric railway accounts, 
 180. 
 
 Engineering Index, 18. 
 
 Engineering Index Annual, 18. 
 
 England, see Great Britain. 
 
 Erickson, Halford, Advantages of state 
 regulation, 11, 144, i74, 185, 378; As 
 to depreciation accounting, 237; De- 
 preciation, 237; Depreciation account- 
 ing, 237; Depreciation and its relation 
 to the fair value, 238; Depreciation 
 problems, 238; Electric lighting and 
 power rates, 276; Importance of uni- 
 
 form accounts and statistics, 180; 
 Indeterminate franchise or permit, 
 
 102, 143, 145; Making rates for elec- 
 tric current, 276; Making rates for 
 electric plants, 204, 276; Methods of 
 determining life, 103, 169, 238, 250; 
 Methods of providing for and record- 
 ing depreciation, 103, 170, 238, 250; 
 Original cost, 217; Principles of valua- 
 tion, 204, 225; Rates and rate making 
 under the Wisconsin law, 103, 170; 
 Regulation and reasonable returns, 
 294; Regulation of public utilities, 
 190, 276; Regulation of public utili- 
 ties in Wisconsin, 11, 103, 170; Regu- 
 lation of utilities by commission, 11, 
 
 103, 170; Regulation or profit-shar- 
 ing ? 148, 301 ; Should government 
 regulate security issues ? 190; Some 
 facts relating to depreciation and rate 
 making, 238, 268; Some problems of 
 public utility accounting, 238; What 
 should a company earn ? 294; Wis- 
 consin method of depreciation ac- 
 counting, 103, 170, 238. 
 
 Erickson, John, Waterworks plants and 
 the proper rates for domestic and 
 public service, 291. 
 
 Esch, Fred., Utility law variations, 47, 
 
 103, 159, 170. 
 Eshleman, J. M., Criticism of the repro- 
 duction theory, 217; Regulation fun- 
 damentals, 11; Should the commission 
 have power to control the issuance of 
 securities ? 190; State vs. municipal 
 regulations of public utilities, 47, 159, 
 175; What regulation must accom- 
 plish if it is to be permanent, 11, 148, 
 
 175. 
 
 Esson, W. B., Principles and profits in 
 electrical supply, 276. 
 
 Eugene, Oregon, 93, 263, 358. 
 
 Evans, N. W., History of taxation in 
 Ohio, 301. 
 
 Ewing, M. C, Recall of commissioners 
 illogical, 149. 
 
 Expert testimony, see Valuation, the- 
 ories and methods. 
 
 Fairchild, A. W., Review of recent legis- 
 lation in Wisconsin, 103, 170. 
 
 Fairlie, J. A., Chicago street railways, 
 56, 135, 347; Essa}^ in municipal 
 administration, 23, 24, 335; Municip>al 
 activities in Great Britain, 24, 118, 
 371; Municipal conditions in some 
 European cities, 113, 366; Municipal 
 electric lighting in Detroit, 72, 353; 
 Municipal government in Italy, 125, 
 377, in Vienna, 109, 363; Municipal 
 
390 
 
 INDEX 
 
 i»'i 
 
 !((! 
 
 
 improvements, 24, 335; Public utility 
 legislation in Illinois, 53, 160; Recent 
 extensions of municipal functions, 34, 
 i33>34o; Recent legislation on munici- 
 pal functions, 34, 133, 340; Some con- 
 siderations on municipal ownership, 
 313; Street railway question in Chicago, 
 56,135,348. 
 Fair value, see Valuation, theories and 
 
 methods. 
 Fares, street car, 286 flf. 
 Fay, C. N., City gets fifty-five per cent, 
 
 56, i35» 301- 
 Fay, E. P., Assessment and collection of 
 school taxes on public service corpora- 
 tions, 79, 301. 
 Fenkell, G. H., Description of Detroit 
 
 waterworks, 72. 
 Ferguson, Maxwell, State regulation of 
 
 railroads in the south, 34, 154. 
 Femald, R. H., Service regulations for 
 
 gas, 185. 
 Femie, F., Depreciation of underground 
 cables, 238; Diversity factors, 277; 
 Obsolescence of electric lighting plant, 
 238. 
 Ferrin, A. W., Blue sky legislation, 63, 
 
 190. 
 Feurtado, R. S., Fair price of gas at St. 
 
 Paul, 76, 262. 
 Feustel, R. M., Some aspects of the work 
 of the Illinois utilities commission, 53, 
 160. 
 Finance forum, see Y. M. C. A., N. Y. 
 
 West Side Branch. 
 Fink, Henry, Valuation of railroad prop- 
 erty, 204. 
 Fire hydrant rates, see Water rates. 
 Fisher, W. L., The American munici- 
 pality, 313. 
 Fitting, R. N., Depreciation, 238. 
 Flat rates, see Rate schedules. 
 Fleming, H. B., see Arnold, B. J. 
 Fletcher, F. N., Should public utilities 
 be assessed for taxation by commis- 
 sions ? 302. 
 Florida, 52, 345, 346. 
 Floy, Henry, Appraisals of public utility 
 properties in greater New York, 83, 
 213; Cost of reproduction, 221, 226; 
 Depreciation, 239, 250; Depreciation 
 as related to electrical properties, 239; 
 Development expenses, intangible ex- 
 penses, non-physical costs, overhead 
 expenses, 221, 226, 250; Engineer's 
 activity in public affairs, 149, 231; 
 Examples of important appraisals, 34, 
 211; Franchises, good will, going 
 value, contracts, 226, 231; Franchises, 
 working capital and bond discounts. 
 
 226, 231; Indefinite obligations in 
 municipal contracts, 128; Land, pav- 
 ing and water rights, 233; Public ser- 
 vice commissions, ^4, 154; Structural 
 costs, 233; ValuaUon of public utility 
 properties, 196, 221; Value for rate 
 making, 196, 217, 226. 
 
 Folwell, A. P., Standard forms for munic- 
 ipal utilities, 180. 
 
 Foote, A. R., Cost of service to users and 
 tax payers, 269, 309; Economic as- 
 
 S«ts of municipal franchises, 128; 
 ow should the franchise question be 
 settled? 128; Municipal ownership 
 problem solved, 11, 329; Municipal 
 public service industries, 6, 309; No 
 government should operate an indus- 
 tO',.83» 329, 355; Non-taxation of 
 service companies, 149; Regulation 
 and taxation of public service corpora- 
 tions, 302, 378; Regulation of public 
 utihties, 79, 104, 164, 170; Relation 
 of franchise taxation to rates, 302; 
 Taxation of public service corpora- 
 tions, ^02; Taxation of railroads in 
 the United States, 302. 
 Foote, Mark, Grand Rapids' municipal 
 water plant, 73, 353; Grand Rapids 
 to quit city lighting, 73, 353; Is a 
 five-cent street car fare equitable ? 73, 
 261. 
 
 Ford, F. R., Holding company, advan- 
 tage and disadvantages, 34, 308; Pas- 
 senger rates and fares in cities, 34, 
 256, 288; Theory of street railway 
 rate regulation as developed in the 
 Coney Island fare case, 79, 213, 250; 
 Treatment of depreciation, 239; Valu- 
 ation of intangible street railway 
 property, 35, 211, 221, 226. 
 Ford, H. J., Baltimore, 64. 
 Ford, John, Reasons for municipal 
 
 ownership, 321. 
 Forest, H. V., Profits in the lighting 
 
 business, 294. 
 Forrest, J. D., New plan for the control 
 
 of quasi-public works, 11, 60. 
 Forse, W. H., Jr., Electric raUway audit- 
 ing and accounting, j8o; Improving 
 accounting methods, 180; Interline 
 accounting of interurban railways, 
 180; Sinking funds, 239. 
 Forstall, A. E., Brief history of gas legis- 
 lation in Great Britain, 1 18, 298; Con- 
 cerning gas standards, 185; Review 
 of recent decisions of commissions, 
 250; Sliding scale regulation of prices 
 and rates of dividend, 298. See also 
 Burdett, Frederick. 
 Fort Wayne, Indiana, 60, 349. 
 
 INDEX 
 
 391 
 
 Foster, H. A., Capitalization, 294; Cen- 
 tral station bookkeeping, 181; Con- 
 trol of public utilities, 149; Court 
 decisions, 251; Depreciation, 239; 
 Engineering valuation of public utili- 
 ties and factories, 18, 197, 221; Fran- 
 chise, 128, 145, 231, 251, 302; Hand- 
 ling of depreciation funds, 240; Pur- 
 poses of valuation, 204; Value, 217; 
 Value of good will, going concern or 
 going value, 226. 
 
 Foster, Roger, Taxation of elevated rail- 
 roads in New York, 83, 302. 
 
 Foulke, W. D., Public service should be 
 free, 321. 
 
 Fowle, F. F., Discrimination in central 
 station rates, 277; Going value, 226; 
 Practical discussion of depreciation, 
 240. 
 
 Fowler, C. P., Some fundamental prin- 
 ciples underlying the sale of electrical 
 energy, 277. 
 
 Fox, A. M., Going value in purchase vs. 
 rate cases, 227, 248. 
 
 France, 112, 113, 144, 266, 365. 
 
 Franchises, i27ff. 
 
 General works, 127. 
 History: United States and Foreign, 
 132; United States— general, 132; Cali- 
 fornia, 134; Colorado, 134; Illinois, 135; 
 Indiana, 137; Iowa, 137; Massachu- 
 setts, 137; Michigan, 138; Minnesota, 
 138; Missouri, 139; New York, 139; 
 Ohio, 141; Pennsylvania, 143; Wis- 
 consin, 143; Canada, 144; France, 144. 
 Length of term, 144. 
 
 Franchise value, 231, 232. 
 
 Francis, G. B., Electric railways in the 
 Ohio valley, 87; Street railway system 
 of Providence, 97. 
 
 Francis, V. H., Why municipal plants 
 are failures, 329. 
 
 Francisco, M. J., Business of munici- 
 palities and private corporations com- 
 pared, 35, 256, 340; Municipalities 
 vs. private corporations, 35, 256, 340; 
 Municipal ownership: its fallacy, 35, 
 320, 340; Municipal ownership vs. 
 pnvate corporations, 24, 255,313,335. 
 
 Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany, 114, 
 
 367. 
 Freeman, W. W., Mumcipal ownership 
 
 uneconomic, 329. 
 
 Fremont, Nebraska, 77, 354. 
 
 French, H. F., Reproduction value vs. 
 fair value, 217. 
 
 French, H. J., Laying foundation for new 
 commission, 53, 160. 
 
 Friedman, H. G., Taxation of corpora- 
 tions in Massachusetts, 66, 302. 
 
 Friedman, H. J., A word about commis- 
 sions, 149, 192. 
 
 Frost, H. H., Description of Akron water- 
 works plant, 88. 
 
 Fuller, Cf. H., Estimating cost of track 
 construction, 181. 
 
 Fuller, G. W., Elements to be considered 
 in fixing water rates, 291. 
 
 Fullerton, Irwin, Do low fares increase 
 riding ? 72, 261, 288. 
 
 Galena, Illinois, 59, 348. 
 
 Galesburg, Illinois, 59, 348. 
 
 Galloway, J. D., Is utility regulation on 
 the right basis ? 1 2. 
 
 Gandolpho, J. H., Valuation of public 
 utility property, 12, 204, 217. 
 
 Gardiner, H. M., Discord in municipal 
 ownership, 61, 349; Electric plant of 
 Logansport, 61, 349. 
 
 Gardmer, W. H., Public relations and 
 taxation, 302. 
 
 Gardiner, W. H., Jr., London sliding 
 scale as a method for regulation, 118, 
 298; The making of rates, 285. 
 
 Garges, D. E., Washington, D. C., 52. 
 
 Garrison, N. J., Intangible assets of 
 public utilities, 227. 
 
 Garrison, W. L., Establish principle and 
 let methods evolve, 303, 313. 
 
 Garvin, L. F. C, Public service should 
 be free, 321. 
 
 Gasell, G. A., Sliding scale gas rates, 298. 
 
 Gaskill, D. L., Causes of failures in 
 municipal lighting, 329; Ohio's public 
 utility law's weakness, 87, 167; Rela- 
 tion of electric ligh t companies to munic- 
 ipalities from a legal standpoint, 128. 
 
 Gas rates, 284 ff. 
 
 Gates, A. J., Catalogue of technical 
 periodicals, 18. 
 
 Gault, E. D., Accounting system for 
 sdmlII electric railway, 181. 
 
 Gaynor, W. J., New York's subway 
 policy, 83. 
 
 Gear, H. B., Diversity factor in the dis- 
 tribution of electric light and power, 
 277. 
 
 Geijsbeek, J. B., Fair return to public 
 utilities, 240. 
 
 General works, 3 fif. 
 
 Books, 3; articles, 9; bibliographies, 
 
 17. 
 Gentry, R. G., Denver's famous street 
 
 lighting, 51. 
 George, H. H., Estimating the cost, 181. 
 Georgia, 52, 53, 259, 346. 
 Germany, X13, ii4» 266, 366, 367. 
 Gessell, G. A., Minnesota public utility 
 
 rates: gas, electric, water, 74, 262, 354. 
 
 ) 
 
fi 
 
 392 
 
 INDEX 
 
 
 Gille, H. J., Public service corporation 
 rates, 277. 
 
 Gillette, H. P., Appraisal of electric prop- 
 erties, 204; Appraisal of overhead 
 costs, 227; Appraisal of water power 
 rights, 227; Court decisions showing 
 present value to be the only value for 
 rate making purposes, 251; Develop- 
 ment cost or going value, 227; Non- 
 physical or going concern values, 227; 
 Rational method of calculating de- 
 preciated value, 240; Two conOicting 
 theories of valuation, 218; Use of de- 
 preciation data, 240; Uses of an ap- 
 praisal, 204; Valuation of public 
 service properties, 227, 294; Valua- 
 tion of waterworks properties, 204: 
 I. Inventorying a waterworks plant, 
 222, II. Estimating accrued deprecia- 
 tion, 240, III. Appraisal of overhead 
 costs, 227, IV. Of reservoir site value, 
 233, V. Of water right values, 227, 
 VI. Of development cost, 228, VII. Of 
 working capital, 228, X. Rate of fair 
 return, 294. 
 
 Gilmore, E. A., Wisconsin public utilities 
 act, 104, 170. 
 
 Gladden, Washington, Public service 
 companies and city governments, 321. 
 
 Glaeser, M. G., Problem of unit prices in 
 valuation, 222. 
 
 Glasgow (corporation), Handbook on the 
 municipal enterprises, 118, 371. 
 
 Glasgow, Scotland, 115, 117, 118, 119, 
 121, 123, 124, 125, 3M, 370, 371, 373, 
 375, 376, 377. 
 
 Glendale, California, 48, 343. 
 
 Goetz, J. H., Court decisions on deprecia- 
 tion, 251. 
 
 Going concern value, see Intangibles. 
 
 Going value, see Intangibles. 
 
 Goldman, O. B., Multiplex cost and rate 
 system, 277. 
 
 Goldsworth, A. D., Municipal electric 
 lighting in Alameda, 48, 343. 
 
 Gonden, H. J., Gas at less than cost, 74; 
 Regulation vs. municipal ownership, 
 330; Robbing Peter, 35, 330, 340. 
 
 Goodnow, F. J.,The British municipality, 
 313; Powers of municipalities respect- 
 ing public works, 24. 
 
 Goodrich, J. P., The public welfare and 
 the holding company, 61, 190, 308. 
 
 Good will, see Intangibles. 
 
 Gordon, F. G. R., Chippewa FaUs defeats 
 municipal ownership, 108, 363; Jack- 
 sonville municipal electric lighting 
 plant, 52, 346; Municipal ownership 
 failures in Indiana, 60, 349; Municipal 
 ownership in Birminghain, 47, 343; 
 
 Seamy side of a famous municipal 
 enterprise, in, 364; Street railways 
 of Boston vs. tramways of Glasgow, 24, 
 371; The truth about Calgary, in, 
 364. 
 
 Gordon, J. B., Equitable sliding scale for 
 rates of electric power, 277. 
 
 Graham, D. A., Application of theories 
 of regulation to management, 12; ap- 
 praisal of waterworks properties, 205, 
 218. 
 
 Grambs, W. J., The inefl5ciency of munic- 
 ipal ownership, 100, 361; Notes on 
 rate making, 277. 
 
 Grand Rapids, Michigan, 73, 74, 261, 
 353- 
 
 Grant, G. R., New York public service 
 commission for the second district, 79, 
 164. 
 
 Grant, H. D., Depreciation and reserve 
 accounts, 240. 
 
 Gray, H. L., Necessity of depreciation 
 reserves, 240. 
 
 Gray, J. H., Competition and capitaliza- 
 tion as controlled by the Massa- 
 chusetts gas commission, 66, 162, 190; 
 Control of quasi-public enterprises, 
 68; Difficulties of control, 67; Expert 
 testimony in rate valuation cases, 218; 
 Gas commission of Massachusetts, 67, 
 162; General history and legislation: 
 United States gas works, 35, 340, 
 United States waterworks, 35, 340; 
 Public service commissions, 12, 35, 
 154; Regulation of public service 
 corporations, 218. See also Hard, 
 William. 
 
 Great Barrington, Massachusetts, 70. 
 
 Great Britain, 114 ff., 266, 267, 367 flf. 
 
 Gross, Murray, San Francisco, 50. 
 
 Grosser, H. S., Chicago, 56; Movement 
 for municipal ownership in Chicago, 
 56, 348. 
 
 Grout, E. M., New York City should own 
 the gas supply, 84, 322, 355. 
 
 Gruhl, Edwin, Cost of carrying a pas- 
 senger, 288; Depreciation estimates, 
 240; Policies of regulating bodies, 35, 
 154; Recent tendencies in valuations, 
 36, 205, 211, 218, 251; Taxing the 
 utilities, 303; Uniform accounting, 
 181. 
 
 Grimsky, C. E., Appraisal of public ser- 
 vice properties, 205, 241; Depreciation 
 as an element in appraisal, 241. 
 
 Guernsey, N. T., Pnnciples of railway 
 valuation, 205; Regulation of munici- 
 pal utilities, 149; Relation of taxation 
 to rates, 303; Utility regulation, 149; 
 Valuation: a common sense view, 205. 
 
 INDEX 
 
 393 
 
 Guyot, Yves, Where and why public 
 ownership has failed, 118, 330, 371. 
 
 Gwinn, D. R., Water rates charged in 
 375 cities, 36, 257, 341. 
 
 Hagenah, W. J., Development of the 
 true function of the commission, 36, 
 154; Intangible values of electric rail- 
 ways, 228; State control vs. municipal, 
 175- 
 
 Hale, R. S., Municipal ownership in Eng- 
 land, 118,371; Price of electricity, 277. 
 
 Hall, B. E., Administrative difficulties of 
 the special franchise tax law, 79, 303. 
 
 Halle, Germany, 114, 367. 
 
 Hamilton, J. H., Syracuse water supply, 
 87, 356. 
 
 Hamilton, Ohio, 92, 258. 
 
 Hamilton, Stacy, R6sum6 and compari- 
 son of rate theories, 269. 
 
 Hamlen, E. W., Glasgow and its munic- 
 ipal tramways, 69, 119, 330, 371. 
 
 Hamm, W. C, City-owned street cars, 
 
 "9,371,372. 
 
 Hammond, Robert, Depreciation, 241. 
 
 Haney, L. H., Depreciation and valua- 
 tion, 241; Joint costs, 269; Railway 
 regulation in Texas, 98, 168. 
 
 Hanna, J. R., Des Moines' street railway 
 franchise, 62, 137. 
 
 Hansel, Charles, Valuation of railroads 
 in New Jersey, 78, 213, 303. 
 
 Hanson, A. C, Tariffs for electric motive 
 power, 277, 288. 
 
 Hard, William, and Gray, J. H., General 
 histoiy and legislation: United States 
 electricity works, 34, 36. 
 
 Hardenbui]^, W. E., Calgary's municipal 
 street railways, in, 365. 
 
 Harris, L. H., Service regulations for 
 electrical utilities, 185. 
 
 Harris, R. W., Method for determining 
 the adequacy of an electric railway 
 system, 185. 
 
 Harrison, C. H., Regulation of public 
 utilities, 12,175,322. 
 
 Harrison, John, Municipal trading, 313. 
 
 Harshman, C. C, Obsolescence in ap- 
 praisal for rate making, 241. 
 
 Hart, A. B., see McLoughlin, A. C. 
 
 Hartwell, E. M., Boston, 69. 
 
 Harvard Law Review — Notes, Prob- 
 lem of going value, 228, 251; Valua- 
 tion of property of public service 
 company, 251; Valuation of public 
 service franchises, 231, 251. 
 
 Harzfeld, J. A., Utilities commission of 
 Kansas City, 76, 163. 
 
 Haselmann, Depreciation as applicable 
 to electric railways, 241. 
 
 Haskins, C. W., and Johnson, J. F., Re- 
 cent history of municipal owneiship, 
 36, 341. 
 
 Hasse, A. R., Index of economic material 
 in documents of the states, 18. 
 
 Hatch, A. S., Cost of electric lighting, 
 36, 257. 
 
 Hatch, J. N., Development of the electric 
 railway, 24. 
 
 Hatch, W. B., Successful fight for a 
 municipal gas plant, 74, 354. 
 
 Hatfield, H. R., Some neglected phases 
 of accounting, 181. 
 
 Hatton, T. C, Municiptal ownership of 
 water supplies, 322. 
 
 Hatton, W. H., Public service commis- 
 sions, 12, 175. 
 
 Hawley, W. C., see Metcalf, Leonard. 
 
 Hay, David, see Mott, Basil. 
 
 Hayden, J. C, Street railway situation 
 in Detroit, 72. 
 
 Hayden, W. S., Street railway situation 
 in Cleveland, 90, 142. 
 
 Hayes, H. V., Ascertainment of fair pres- 
 ent value, 206; Depreciation, 241; 
 Determination of replacement cost, 
 233; Fair present value, 248; Fair 
 rate of return, 295; Going value, 228; 
 Original cost versus replacement cost, 
 206; Principles to be applied in valuing 
 land, 233; Property valuations, 206; 
 Public's financial interest in public 
 utilities, 149; Public utilities: their 
 cost new and depreciation, 197, 218, 
 222, 228, 241, fair present value and re- 
 turn, 197, 218; Vdues of good will and 
 franchises, 232; Worth of service, 295. 
 
 Head, J. M., One mayor's experience, 97, 
 360. 
 
 Heilman, R. E., Chicago subway prob- 
 lem, 57, 13s; Chicago traction, 57, 
 135, 348; Commission control of re- 
 fimding utility securities, 36, 154, 190; 
 Development by commissions of the 
 principles of capitalization, 36, 154, 
 190, of valuation, 37, 155, 211, 251; 
 Some economic aspects of waterworks 
 valuation, 37, 228, 252. 
 
 Heim, J. B., Meter rates, 37, 108, 257, 
 265; Municipal ownership of water- 
 works, 108, 363. 
 
 Helm, A. E., Principles to be applied in 
 valuation of lands, 233, 252. 
 
 Henderson, C. R., Competitive water- 
 works, 37, 341. 
 
 Henderson, Kentucky, 63, 350. 
 
 Henriques, J. C, Power plsuit inventory, 
 222. 
 
 Herrick, C. L., Labor costs and load 
 factor, 277. 
 
394 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Heyn, E. T., The municipal ownership of 
 
 street railways in Germany, 113, 366; 
 
 Recent history of municipal ownership 
 
 in Germany, 114, 366. 
 
 Hicks, T. L., Philadelphia gas works 
 
 under private operation, 94, 358. 
 Higgins, E. E., Municipal and private 
 management of street railways, 129, 
 330. 
 Hild, F. W., EflFect of rate of fare on rid- 
 ing habit, 289. 
 Hill, J. W., Municipal ownership of 
 
 pubUc utilities, 330. 
 Hill, N. S., Jr., Valuation of public 
 
 utilities, 206. 
 Hill, W. P., Municipal ownership would 
 
 stop corruption, 322. 
 Hill, W. R., City ownership of water 
 
 supply, 87, 356. 
 Hills, A. S., Origin, growth and work of 
 
 commissions, 37, 155. 
 Historical cost, see Valuation, theories 
 
 and methods. 
 History of utilities and of regulation, 22fiF. 
 United States and foreign, 22; 
 United States — general, 28; Ala- 
 bama, 47; California, 47; Colorado, 
 51; Connecticut, 51; District of 
 Columbia, 52; Florida, 52; Georgia, 
 52; Idaho, S3; Illinois, 53; Indiana, 
 60; Iowa, 61; Kansas, 63; Kentucky, 
 63; Louisiana, 63; Maryland, 64; 
 Massachusetts, 65; Michigan, 71; 
 Minnesota, 74; Missouri, 76; Ne- 
 braska, 77; New Jersey, 78; New 
 York, 78; Ohio, 87; Oklahoma, 93; 
 Oregon, 93; Pennsylvania, 93; Rhode 
 Island, 97; South Dakota, 97; Ten- 
 nessee, 97; Texas, 97; Vermont, 98; 
 Viiginia, 99; Washington, 99; West 
 Virginia, loi; Wisconsin, loi; Aus- 
 tria, 109; Belgium, 109; Canada, 109; 
 France, 112; Germany, 113; Great 
 Britain, 114; Italy, 125; Japan, 126; 
 Spain, 126; Sweden, 126; Switzerland, 
 126. 
 
 Hixson, L. T., More about sinking funds, 
 241. 
 
 Hoadley, E. E., Tariff alterations, 278. 
 
 Hoag, S. A., System of rates for electric 
 light and power, 278. 
 
 Hocken, H. C, Hydroelectric system in 
 Toronto, ni, 365. 
 
 Hodge, W. H., Columbus: a city in the 
 dark, 92, 357; Commonwealth Edison 
 Company, 57; Concerning franchise 
 values, 232; Long term franchise 
 grants, 145; Ownership that does not 
 pay» S9» 348; Public service of Omaha, 
 77; Three-cent traction service, 90. 
 
 Hodgkins, H. C, Franchises of public 
 
 utiliUes, «7, 133, 155. 
 Holcomb, A. E., Assessment of public 
 service corporations, 303; Pubhc ser- 
 vice corporation assessment, 303. 
 Holcombe, A. N., Electric lighting sys- 
 tem of Paris, 112, 365. 
 Holding companies, 308. See also Cap- 
 italization, control of. 
 Holland, Michigan, 74. 
 HoUoway, W. R., Municipal ownership 
 
 in Canada, iii, 365. 
 Holmes, F. L., Commissions and the 
 courts, 195; Depreciation, 242; In- 
 determinate permit and convenience 
 and necessity laws, 143, 145; Physical 
 valuation of railroads and utilities, 
 206, 214; Rate of return, 295; Regu- 
 lation of railroads and public utilities 
 in Wisconsin, 6, 104, 149, 171, 264, 
 269; Regulation of stocks and bonds, 
 191; Regulation that regulates, 104, 
 171; Standardization of service, 185: 
 State control of municipally owned 
 plants, 378; State vs. local control, 
 17s; Uniform accounting, 181. 
 Holyoke, Massachusetts, 70, 261, 352. 
 Homer, F. T., Public advantages of hold- 
 ing companies, 308; The public, the 
 investor and the holding company, 308. 
 Hotchkiss, W. E., Chicago traction, 57, 
 136; Recent phases of Chicago's trans- 
 portation problem, 57, 136. 
 Houston, Texas, 98, 264. 
 How, Jared, Depreciation as an element 
 
 in rate making, 242. 
 Howe, F. C, The British city: the begin- 
 ning of democracy, 1 19, 372; Case for . 
 municipal ownership, 322; City and 
 the public service corporation, 37 
 Does municipal ownership pay ? 119, 
 372; European cities at work, 119, 
 372; Municipal ownership in Ainerica, 
 37, 341, in Cleveland, 90, 357, in 
 Europe, 24, 336, in Great Britain, 119, 
 372; Municipal ownership: the testi- 
 mony of foreign experience, 24, 336; 
 Socializing the means of transit, 114, 
 366; Taxation of quasi-public cor- 
 porations in Ohio, 87, 303; Taxation 
 of railroads and other public service 
 corporations, 304; The way out: 
 municipal ownership, 322. 
 Howland, H. J., A year of government by 
 
 commission, 79, 164. 
 Howlett, C. A. S., see Lloyd, E. W. 
 Hoxie, G. L., Some features of rate fixing 
 
 for electric properties, 206, 269. 
 Hudnall, G. H., Public service commis- 
 sion law of Wisconsin, 104, 171. 
 
 INDEX 
 
 39S 
 
 Hudson, Leo, Example of competition 
 between publicly and privately owned 
 waterworks, 96. 
 
 Huebner, G. G., Five years of railroad 
 regulation, 38, 155. 
 
 Huggins, W. L., State regulation of pub- 
 lic utilities, 25, 155. 
 
 Hull, England, 119, 371. 
 
 Humphreys, A. C., Depreciation, 242; 
 Depreciation: estimated and actual, 
 242; Engineer's part in regulation, 
 149; Need for uniform accounts, 181; 
 Present and growing need for uniform 
 system of records and accounts, 181; 
 Public service rate making, 285; Pub- 
 lic utilities, 313; Qualifications of a 
 commissioner, 149; In rate fixing by 
 commission should depreciation be 
 deducted, 242; Reform and regulation, 
 
 ISO. 
 Humphreys, C. J. R., Development of 
 the public utilities commission, 38, 
 
 Hungerford, Edward, Rapid transit in 
 
 Boston and vicinity, 69. 
 Hunter, C. F., Commission's electrical 
 
 testing outfit, 80, 164, 186. 
 Hunter, W. R., Municipal ownership of 
 
 utilities, 330. 
 Hurd, E. C., Organization for and results 
 
 of physical valuation in Nebraska, 77, 
 
 213; Should depreciation apply ? 242. 
 Hutchinson, R. W., Jr., Question of 
 
 municipal ownership, 330. 
 
 Idaho, S3, 259, 346. 
 
 Illinois, 53 ff., i^S, 136, I37» 160, 161, 
 aia, 259, 346, 347, 348- 
 
 Illinois Bureau of Labor Statistics, Re- 
 port, 53, 346. 
 
 Indeterminate pemut, see Length of 
 term, franchise. 
 
 Indiana, 60, 61, 137, 161, 349. 
 
 Indianapolis, Indiana, 60, 61, 137, 349. 
 
 Industrial Arts Index, 18. 
 
 Ingham, W. B., Theory and practice of 
 the skifHstop, 186. 
 
 Ingram, F. F., Municipal lighting, De- 
 troit, 72, 3S3; Municipal operation in 
 Detroit, 72, 353; Mumdpal ownership 
 and ^)eration vs. private ownership, 
 322; Should the people or the corpora- 
 tions light our cities, 72, 322, 353. See 
 also Bemis, £. W. 
 
 Insull, Samuel, Some comments on pub- 
 lic utility commissions, 150. 
 
 Intangibles, 224 fF. 
 
 Interstate Commerce Commission, see 
 U. S. Interstate Commerce Commis- 
 UOD. 
 
 Inventories, 22off. 
 
 Iowa, 61, 62, 137, 161, 212, 260, 349, 350. 
 
 Iowa City, Iowa, 62, 260. 
 
 Ireland, see Great Britain. 
 
 Italy, 125, 126, 267, 377. 
 
 Ivens, E. M., Donaldsonville electric 
 
 light and waterworks plant, 63, 350. 
 Ives, A. S., Factors in rate making, 278. 
 Ivins, W. M., and Mason, H. G., Control 
 
 of public utilities, 80, 164. 
 
 Jackson, D. C, Appraisals of electric 
 light and power properties, 206; Equi- 
 table rate making by public service 
 companies, 12; Equitable rates for 
 public service, 12. 
 
 Jackson, H. D., Discrimination in rates 
 for electricity, 278; Public vs. the pub- 
 lic service corporation, 150, 175; Rates 
 for electricity, 278; Theories of electric 
 current rate schedules, 278. 
 
 Jackson, W. B., Depreciation and reserve 
 fund of electrical properties, 243; De- 
 preciation of electrical properties, 243; 
 Depreciation problem, 243; Discus- 
 sion of the depreciation problem, 243. 
 
 Jacksonville, Florida, 52, 345, 346. 
 
 James, C. C, Depreciation and value of 
 public utilities, 243. 
 
 James, E. J., Municipal gas and electric- 
 ity in Halle, 114,367; Relation of munic- 
 ipality to the gas supply, 25, 322. 
 
 James, E. W., Ethical principle in physi- 
 cal valuation, 206. 
 
 James, R. C, and Turner, E. H., General 
 remarks upon financial conditions, 119, 
 372. See also Turner, E. H. 
 
 Japan, 126, 377. 
 
 Jeckell, J. A., Supply of cheap electrical 
 energy for industrial purposes, 119. 
 
 Jenkins, J. B., Absurdities of the straight 
 line method of determining depreda- 
 tion, 243. 
 
 Jenkins, W. C, Des Moines' utilities, 62; 
 Public utilities of Cincinnati, 88, of 
 St. Louis, 77; Public utility holding 
 companies, 308; Unusual traction 
 conditions in Pittsburgh, 96. 
 
 Jenson, M. £., Experiment conducted at 
 Norwich, 51, 345. 
 
 Joems, W. G., Duluth, 75. 
 
 Johannesburg, Transvaal, 122, 374. 
 
 Johnson, E. R., American railway trans- 
 portation, 38; Courts and railway 
 regulation, 195; Elements of transpor- 
 tation, 38; Principles of governmental 
 regulation, 150; Public regulation of 
 street railway transportation, 13, 25; 
 Railway regulation by the states, 38, 
 155; Railway taxation, 304; Regulation 
 
396 
 
 INDEX 
 
 of railways by the American state gov- 
 ernments, 38, 156; Trend of govern- 
 mental regulation of railroads, 39. 
 
 Johnson, E. R., and Van Metre, T. W., 
 Courts and railroad regulation, 195; 
 Regulation of railways by the Ameri- 
 can state governments, 38, 155. 
 
 Johnson, George, Depreciation, 243; 
 Electric lighting accounts, 181. 
 
 Johnson, J. F., see Haskins, C. W. 
 
 Johnson, R. V., Workings of Wisconsin 
 conunission, 104, 171. 
 
 Johnson, T. L., Municipal ownership for 
 all public utilities, 323. 
 
 Jonah, F. G., Valuation of railroads, 206. 
 
 Jones, A. C, Light and water plant of 
 Opelousas, 64, 351 ; Opelousas's munic- 
 ipal lighting plMit, 64, 351. 
 
 Jones, C. L., American municipal services 
 from the standpoint of the entrepre- 
 neur, 330; Madrid, its government and 
 municipal services, 126. 
 
 Jones, S. P., Advisability of a state com- 
 mission for Minnesota, 74, 163, 175; 
 Lower gas and electric rates in Minne- 
 apolis, 75, 262; Municipal gas settle- 
 ment, 75, 138; State vs. local regula- 
 tion, 176; What certain cities have 
 accomplished without state regulation, 
 39, 176. 
 
 Jones, W. H., Public services of Indian- 
 apolis, 61. 
 
 Jordan, F. C, Rate making, 291; Mak- 
 ing rates for water service, 291. 
 Judicial Review, 192 flf. 
 
 General works, 192; History, 194. 
 Jueigensen, D. F., Misapplication of 
 interest, contingencies, and engineer- 
 ing items, 219, 252; Railroad valua- 
 tion: reproduction cost new as a sole 
 basis for rates, 219, 252; Wrong basis 
 for rates, 207, 219. 
 
 Kahn, J. B., Alameda municipal electric 
 light plant, 48, 343. 
 
 K alamazoo, Michigan, 74, 353. 
 
 Kamloop, Canada, 109, 363. 
 
 Kansas, 63, 350. 
 
 Kansas City, Kansas, 63, 350. 
 
 Kansas City, Missouri, 76, 139, 163, 213, 
 354.. . 
 
 Katagiri, Yoshio, Municipal electric 
 road of Osaka, 126, 377. 
 
 Kealy, P. J., Discussion of depreciation, 
 243; Municipal cooperation in public 
 utility management, 13, 129; Over- 
 head charges in valuation work, 228, 
 229; Provisions of the Kansas City 
 franchise, 76, 139; Part played by 
 overhead charges, 229. 
 
 Keith, John, Kansas City's waterworks 
 fiasco, 76, 354. 
 
 Kelly, Edward, Operating a central 
 station against municipal competition. 
 98, 360. *^ 
 
 Kelsay, G. H., Cost and sale of power by 
 railways, 269. 
 
 Kennard, E. G., Comparative costs of 
 gas and electric lighting, 278, 285. 
 
 Kennedy, J. S., New York public service 
 commissions, 80, 164. 
 
 Kennedy, S. M., Justification of devia- 
 tions m electric rates, 278. 
 
 Kent, C. A., Suggestions for and against 
 municipal ownership, 331. 
 
 Kentucky, 63, 350. 
 
 Kerr, W. D., Constitutional protection in 
 valuation, 193, 252; Future regulation 
 of public utilities, 13; Public vs. private 
 ownership, 207, 313; Qualifications 
 needed for public utilities commis- 
 sioners, 39, 150, 156. 
 
 Kidston, W. L., Seattle municipal light- 
 ing plant, 100, 361. 
 
 Kiefer, P. J., Central station rate making, 
 278. 
 
 Kiersted, Wynkoop, Influence of state 
 regulation upon economy and effi- 
 ciency, 13; Valuation of waterworks 
 property, 207. 
 
 Kimball, F. C, Equity of a minimum 
 charge for metered service, 291. 
 
 King, C. L,, Franchise essentials, 129; 
 History of the government of Denver, 
 51, 134; Minnesota home rule and 
 Wisconsin regulation, 105, 171; Munic- 
 ipal ownership vs. adequate regulation, 
 314, 323. 378; Need for public utility 
 commissions, 13, 150; Need for regu- 
 lation, 13, 39; Public regulation of gas 
 lighting, 13; Regulation of municipal 
 utilities, 6; Rules regulating water 
 service adopted by commissions, 39, 
 156, 186; State vs. municipal utihty 
 commissions, 176. 
 
 Kittredge, A. O., Ideal system of street 
 railway accounts, 182. 
 
 Klotz, R. G., Pick rational plant units 
 for depreciation accounting, 243. 
 
 Klumpp, J. B., Summary of commission 
 regulations governing gas supply, 39, 
 156; Summary of commission regula- 
 tions in New York, 186. See also 
 Newbigging, William. 
 
 Klumpp, J. B., and Winchester, A. E., 
 Engineering matters: British electric- 
 ity supply works, 120, 372. 
 
 Knightstown, Indiana, 61, 349. 
 
 Knoop, Douglas, Principles and methods 
 of municipal trading, 120, 309, 372. 
 
 INDEX 
 
 397 
 
 Knowles, Morris, Determination of going 
 value, 229; Equitable water rates the 
 result of metering, 291; Relation of 
 reproduction cost to fair value, 219; 
 State regulation of public utilities, 13, 
 150. 
 
 Knowles, Morris, and Scharff, M. A., 
 Relation of " out-of-jxxrket cost " 
 to water rate making, 291. 
 
 Knowlton, H. S., Labor costs in central 
 stations, 279; Street railway fares in 
 large cities, 289. 
 
 Koiner, C. W., Municipal ownership of 
 electric utilities on the Pacific Coast, 
 39> 257» 341; Pasadena's municipal 
 light and power plant, 49, 258, 344. 
 
 Kuhn, G. W., How to appraise public 
 utility property, 222. 
 
 Kuichling, E., see Metcalf, Leonard. 
 
 Lackie, W. W., Tariffs for electrical 
 energy, 279. 
 
 Lake Forest, Illinois, 59, 137. 
 
 Lakey, F. E., Providence, 97. 
 
 Lamb, L. A., Status of the Chicago trac- 
 tion problem, 57. 
 
 Land value, 233, 234. 
 
 Lang, A. E., Toledo street railway situa- 
 tion, 92. 
 
 Lapp, J. A., Public utilities-control, 80, 
 105, 164, 171. 
 
 Larson, C. M., State regulation of munic- 
 ipally owned plants, 105, 362, 378. 
 
 Lawler, J. C, Schedule of rates involving 
 investment cost of reaching the con- 
 sumer, 270, 279. 
 
 Lawton, W. H., Depreciation accounts, 
 243; Depreciation, intangible values 
 and rates, 150, 229, 243; New classi- 
 fication of electric railway expense, 
 182; Sinking funds in rate valuations, 
 244. 
 
 Lazell, F. J., Municipalizing a water 
 plant, 62, 349. 
 
 Lea, H. I., Elements of gas rate making, 
 285; Gas rate making, 285. 
 
 Leake, P. D., Depreciation, 244. 
 
 Leake, Paul, Street railway situation in 
 Detroit, 73, 138. 
 
 Leber, O. H., Ownership of municipal 
 monopolies, 323. 
 
 Ledoux, J. W., Water rates and exten- 
 sions, 291. 
 
 Lee, C. W., Free si^ and flat rates, 279. 
 
 Lee, E. B., Pubhc utility movement: 
 holding companies, 308, commissions, 
 
 39, 156. 
 Lee, G. A., Regulation of public service 
 
 utilities, 150. 
 Leeds, England, 124, 376. 
 
 Legal aspects of regulation, see Judicial 
 
 review. 
 Length of term, franchise, 144 ff. 
 Leonard, C. F., Gas service regulation in 
 
 New York, 80, 165, 186. 
 Leroy-Beaulieu, PauJ, Public ownership 
 
 in France, 112, 365. 
 Lethbridge, Canada, no, 364. 
 Lewis, C. T., Duration of franchises, 145; 
 
 How should public service corporations 
 
 be controlled ? 13. 
 Lewis, E. O., Philadelphia's relation to 
 
 rapid transit company, 94, 143. 
 Lewis, H. T., Interest and profits in rate 
 
 regulation, 105, 171, 219, 295 
 Library of Congress, see U. S. Library of 
 
 Congress. 
 Liebemecht, A., Development of Zurich 
 
 tramways, 126, 377. 
 Li^ge, Belgium, 109, 363. 
 Lighting rates, see Electric rates. 
 Lincoln, P. M., Rates and rate making, 
 
 279. 
 Lindsley, Van Sinderen, Rate regulation 
 
 of gas and electric lighting, 7, 193. 
 Liverpool, England, 115, 368, 375. 
 Lloyd, E. W., Howlett, C. A. S., and 
 
 Waring, J. M. S., Relation of load 
 
 factor to power costs, 279. 
 Local regulation, see State vs. local regu- 
 lation. 
 Lockwood, H. A., Are our municipalities 
 
 to become business corporations ? 331. 
 Lockwood, J. E., Analysis of municipal 
 
 lighting in Detroit, 73, 353. 
 Loftus, D. J., Logansport electric light 
 
 department, 61, 349. 
 Logansport, Indiana, 61, 349. 
 London, England, 114, iiS, 120, 121, 122, 
 
 124, 125, a67, 367, 374, 377- 
 London sliding scale, see Sliding scale. 
 Loomis, H. B., Franchise taxation in 
 
 Dlinois, 53, 304. 
 Los Angeles, California, 48, 159. 
 Louisiana, 63, 64, 260, 350, 351. 
 Loveland, H. D., How commissions re- 
 gard utilities, 150. 
 Lowell, A. L., Municipal trading, 120, 
 
 314, 372. 
 Lowrie, S. G., Public utility problems in 
 
 Cincinnati, 88. 
 Lubbock, John, see Avebury, J. L. 
 Lyons, B. F., Municipal ownership, loi, 
 
 120, 314, 362, 373, of gas works, loi, 
 
 120, 314, 362, 373. 
 
 MacAfee, J. B., Result of further legisla- 
 tive regulation of electric railways, 39; 
 View of the no-seat no-fare proposi- 
 tion, 186. 
 
i 
 
 398 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Macassey, Lynden, Transportation facili- 
 ties and street railway traflfic in Lon- 
 don, 120. 
 McBride, R. S., see Rosa, E. B. 
 McClellan, William, Diverted efforts of 
 
 commissions, 80, 165. 
 McColl, Donald, Tramway bookkeeping 
 
 and accounts, 182. 
 McCulloch, Richard, Local vs. state 
 regulation, 176; Present tendency of 
 regulation, 40, 150, 156. 
 McFall, R. J., Railway monopoly and 
 
 rate regulation, 207, 295. 
 McGrath, D. J., Actual returns in the 
 past, 67, 295; Long rides for a nickel, 
 40, 257; Return on Massachusetts in- 
 vestment, 67, 295. 
 Mack, E. S., Depreciation, 244; Stand- 
 ards for rate regulation by conmiission, 
 219, 252. 
 McKay, E. P., The Oklahoma conmiis- 
 sion, 93, 167. 
 McKerrow, H. G., Some results in munic- 
 ipal ownership in Great Britain, 120, 
 373-. 
 McLain, C. A., Some distinctions be- 
 tween the legal and administrative 
 phases of franchise valuation, 232. 
 McLain, F. D., Street railways of Phila- 
 delphia, 95, 143. 
 MacLean, A., Municipal ownership in 
 
 Edmonton, 11, 365. 
 McLean, Charles, Dubuque's public 
 
 ownership predicament, 62, 350. 
 McLean, Geoi^ge, Theory of public 
 
 utility franchises, 129. 
 McLean, S. J., Railway rate regulation in 
 Canada, iii; State regulation of rail- 
 ways, 40, 156. 
 McLaughlin, A. C, and Hart, A. B., 
 Cyclopedia of American government, 7. 
 McLaughlin, J. J., New Orieans, 64. 
 McMath, T. B., Description of the street 
 
 railway system, 61. 
 MacPherson, H. H., Rates and the use 
 
 of rates, 279, 285. 
 MacRae, T. B., More about sinking 
 
 fimds, 244. 
 McReynolds, T. C, State supervision of 
 
 public utilities, 60, 151, 161. 
 Madison, Wisconsin, 108, 265, 363. 
 Madrid, Spain, 126. 
 
 Magiini, Effren, Milan street railways, 
 ^ "5,377. 
 Magruder, F. A., Recent administration 
 
 in Viiginia, 99, 168. 
 Maguire and Mooney, Compensation for 
 
 condenmation of property, 248. 
 Mahin, F. W., Nottingham municipal 
 tramway, 120, 373. 
 
 Ml 
 
 Maltbie, M. R., Analysis of the rapid 
 transit contracts between New York 
 and the Interborough, 84, 139; Cen- 
 tury of franchise history, 84, 139; 
 Commissions and the courts, 193: 
 Distribution of functions between local 
 and state regulation, 176; Franchises 
 of electrical corporations in New York, 
 140; Fruits of public regulation in 
 New York, 80, 165, 186; Gas lighting 
 in Great Britain, 120, 373; Genend 
 history and legislation: British elec- 
 tricity supply works, 120, 373, British 
 gas works, 1 2 1 , 1 73 ; British tramways, 
 121, 173; Glasgow's municipal tram- 
 ways, 121, 373; Judicial review of 
 regulati<5n, 193; Municipal functions, 
 25; Municipal and private manage- 
 ment in Great Britain, 121, 373; 
 Municipal ownership, 314; Proper 
 treatment of appreciation of land, 233; 
 Public service commissions, 40, 151, 
 156, 176; Public service corporations, 
 14; A rapid transit policy for Greater 
 New York, 84, 140, 166; Report on 
 the indeterminate franchise, 25, 132, 
 145; Street railways of Chicago, 57; 
 A tale of two cities: water supply in 
 London and Philadelphia, 121, 323, 
 358; Taxation of gas, electric supply 
 and tramway undertakings in Great 
 Britain, 121, 304; Taxation of public 
 service corporations, 304; Valuation 
 and future of public utilities, 207. 
 Manchester, England, 120, 373, 375. 
 Market value, see Valuation, theories 
 
 and methods. 
 Marks, W. D., Capitalization, assets, and 
 profits of Massachusetts gas com- 
 panies, 67; Cost of electricity, 67, 260, 
 279; Depreciation, 244; Franchise 
 value, 232; Law of demand for elec- 
 tricity, 71, 261; London sliding scale, 
 298; Practical rate making and ap- 
 praisement, 198, 229; Price of elec- 
 tricity, 67, 260, 279; Quantity rates for 
 electricity, 84, 263; Recapitulation of 
 report on gas rates for Spokane, 101, 
 264; Recapitulation of report upon the 
 fair price of magnetite arc lignts, 75, 
 262. 
 Marston, A., Valuation for city purchase 
 of the Waterloo waterworks, 62, 212, 
 350. 
 Marston, Glenn, Electric rates in Seattle, 
 100, 361; Facts on municipal owner- 
 ship in 268 towns, 40, 341; Failure of 
 mimicipal plants at Eugene, 93, 358; 
 Fallacies of municipal owner^p, 40, 
 33if 341; Gas rates and politics in 
 
 INDEX 
 
 399 
 
 Chicago, 57, 259; Guarding against 
 municipal plant agitation, 331; Hol- 
 yoke*s municipal lighting finances, 70, 
 352; Municipal electric competition, 
 Burlington, 99, 360; Municipal owner- 
 ship in Burlington, 99, 361; Municipal 
 ownership in England, 121, 374; Poor 
 service causes municipal ownership, 
 331; Seattle municipal electric plant, 
 100, 361; Spokane waterworks heavy 
 loser, loi, 362; 200 municipal owner- 
 ship failures, 40, 341; Vermont public 
 utilities bill, 98, 168. 
 
 Martin, John, Business thrift in Ameri- 
 can and European cities, 25, 323, 336. 
 
 Martin, T. C, Electric lighting, 14; Elec- 
 tric railroads, 40; Municipal owner- 
 ship always a failure, 331. 
 
 Marwick, Mitchell & Co., Financial mat- 
 ters: United States electricity works, 
 40, 342, United States waterworks, 41, 
 
 342. 
 Maryland, 64, 260. 
 
 Mason, H. G., see Ivins, W. M. 
 
 Massachusetts, 65 ff., 137, 138, 162, 163, 
 360, 261, 351, 352. 
 
 Massachusetts Legislature, London slid- 
 ing scale of prices and dividends, 121, 
 298. 
 
 Mateer, R. B., Municipal ownership, 314, 
 
 323. 
 
 Mathews, G. C, Wisconsin water rates, 
 105, 171, 265, 291. 
 
 Mathewson, C. F., Holding companies 
 and the public welfare, 308; Some 
 legal aspects of regulation, 14. 
 
 Matthews, Nathan, Administrative pro- 
 visions, 314; Municipal charters, 7; 
 Relations with public service corpora- 
 tions, 129; Report on the London 
 sliding scale, 122, 298. 
 
 Matthews, Nathan, Jr., and Thompson, 
 W. G., Public service company rates 
 and the fourteenth amendment, 193. 
 
 Maury, D. H., Engineering matters: 
 United States waterworks, 41, 342; 
 Rates for water service, 291. 
 
 Mawdesley, R. T., Municipal electricity 
 supply at Johannesburg, 122, 374. 
 
 May, G. O., Problems of depreciation, 
 
 244. 
 
 May, M. B., Cincinnati, 88. 
 
 Mayer, Joseph, Just value of monopolies 
 and the regulation of their prices, 295. 
 
 Mayfield, A. U., Public services of Den- 
 ver, 51. 
 
 Mayo, E. W., Omaha's experience, 78, 
 
 354- 
 Mayors, American, conference of, 4. 
 Mead, D. W., Arbitration or appraisal. 
 
 207; Cost of furnishing water with 
 reference to rates, 57, 259, 348. 
 
 Mead, E. S., Financial aspects of cor- 
 poration franchises, 129; Holding com- 
 panies, 308; Public service conunission 
 and the investor, 80, 165, 191; State 
 supervision of security issues, 191. 
 
 Medicine Hat, Canada, iii, 364. 
 
 Meigs, R. J., Cooperation in making in- 
 ventories, 222. 
 
 Melling, H. T., Operating costs for 
 municipal gas-engine plant, 112, 365. 
 
 Merriam, C. E., Case for home rule, 176. 
 
 Metcalf , Leonard, Depreciation in water- 
 works operation, 244, 291; Lessening 
 cost of valuation, 219; Private fire 
 protection service charges, 41, 257, 
 29 2 ; Public utility commissions should 
 regulate, not operate, 151; W^ater- 
 works valuation and fair rates, 18, 207, 
 252. 
 
 Metcalf, Leonard, and Alvord, J. W., 
 Going value of waterworks, 229. 
 
 Metcalf, Leonard, Kuichling, E., and 
 Hawley, W. C, Some considerations 
 in the determination of a reasonable 
 return for fire hydrant service, 41, 257, 
 292. 
 
 Meter rates, see Rate schedules. 
 
 Metz, H. A., Why municipal service is 
 expensive, 314. 
 
 Meyer, B. H., Advantages of a state 
 commission, 151, 176; Central utilities 
 commission and home rule, 14, 176; 
 State supervision of electric raflways 
 in Wisconsin, 105, 171, 186; What the 
 Wisconsin commission has done, 105, 
 172;^ Wisconsin public utilities com- 
 mission, 105, 172; Wisconsin public 
 utilities law, 105, 172. 
 
 Meyer, H. R., Great Britain's lesson, 
 122, 331, 374; Municipal ownership in 
 Germany, 114, 376; Municipal owner- 
 ship in Great Britain, 122, 374. 
 
 Meyers, Alvin, Eugene municipal light 
 and water plant, 93, 263, 358. 
 
 Michaelis, G. V. S., Is municipal owner- 
 ship a dream ? 314. 
 
 Michigan, 73, 73, 74, 138, aia, a6i, 35a, 
 
 353, 354. 
 Milan, Italy, 125, 377. 
 
 Miller, A. S., Gas rates, 285; Public ser- 
 vice commission, 14; Regulation and 
 utility financing, 295. 
 
 Miller, C. B., Taxation of railroad prop- 
 erty, 304. 
 
 Miller, £. T., Texas stock and bond law, 
 191. 
 
 Miller, H. C, Applying efficiency stand- 
 ards in central station accounting, 182. 
 
400 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Miller, J. T., Fire protection : what is the 
 proper basis for charges, 292. 
 
 Miller, T. D., Flat rate nuisance, 285. 
 
 Miller, W. E., Ashland water rate decision 
 explained, 106, 172, 265, 295; Charees 
 for public water service to private fire 
 protection systems, 109, 265; In- 
 dividuality of public utilities, 106. 
 
 Millis, H. A., Present street railway 
 situation in Chicago, 58, 136. 
 
 Milwaukee Gas Li^ht Company, Prices 
 charged for gas m various cities, 41, 
 257. 
 
 Milwaukee, Wisconsm, 108, 109, 144, 
 265, 363. 
 
 Minimum rates, see Rate schedules. 
 
 Minneapolis, Minnesota, 75, 138, 262. 
 
 Minnesota, 74, 75, 76, 138, 163, 262, 
 354- 
 
 Minnesota Home Rule League, Regula- 
 tion of public utilities in Wisconsin, 
 106, 172. 
 
 Minshall, T. H., London's electrical 
 future, 122, 374. 
 
 Missouri 76, 77, 139, 163, 213, 262, 354. 
 
 Mohler, C. K., Public utility regulation 
 by Los Angeles, 48, 159. 
 
 Monroe, R. G., City of New York, 84; 
 Gas, electric light, water and street 
 railway services in New York City, 85. 
 
 Montgomery, H. E., Government owner- 
 ship unnecessary, 14, 304. 
 
 Montony, L. G., Ninety-sixth street 
 power station of the Metropolitan 
 street railway comp>any, 85. 
 
 Moody's Magazine, Municipal owner- 
 ship and operation: symposium, 315. 
 
 Mooney, see Maguire. 
 
 Moore, Charles, Electric lighting in De- 
 troit, 41, 73, 261. 
 
 Moore, C. E., Experience with a munic- 
 ipal gas plant, 50, 315, 345. 
 
 Moore, L. E., Cambridge subway, 69. 
 
 Morgan, P. W., Municipal water and 
 light plant of Kansas City, 63, 350. 
 
 Morgan, W. O., Indeterminate permit as 
 a satisfactory franchise, 106, 144, 145. 
 
 Morgan, W. S., see PoUock, H. M. 
 
 Morse, J. D., Valuation by approxima- 
 tion, 222. 
 
 Mortiiner, J. D., Is regulation by com- 
 mission a permanent part of our 
 economic scheme ? 14; Rate of re- 
 turn necessary to attract capital, 296; 
 Rate of return on railway capital, 296; 
 Risk as an element of the rate of re- 
 turn, 296; Wisconsin indeterminate 
 permit law, 106, 144, 145. 
 
 Mott, Basil, and Hay, David, Under- 
 ground railways in Great Britain, 122. 
 
 MuUhall, J. F. J., Experiences on the ex- 
 amination of waterworks accounts, 
 182; Quasi-public corporation account- 
 ing and management, 182; Water- 
 works accounting, 182. 
 Munagle, F. J., Kansas City sctUement, 
 
 76, 139. 
 Municipal Engineering, Arguments on 
 
 mumcipal ownership, 19. 
 Municipal Index, 19. 
 Municipal Ownership, 309 ff. 
 
 General works: txx>lu, 309; articles, 
 311; In favor, ^19; Oppceed, 326. 
 
 History: Umted Stotes and foreign, 
 333; United Sutes — general, 337; 
 Alabama, 343; California, 343; Con- 
 necticut, 34s; Florida, 34s; Georgia, 
 346; Idaho, 346; Illinois, 346; Indi- 
 ana, 349; Iowa, 349; Kansas, 350; 
 Kentucky, 350; Louisiana, 350; Mas- 
 sachusetts, 351; Michigan, 352; Min- 
 nesota, 354; Missouri, 354; Nebraska, 
 354; New York, 355; Ohio, 356; 
 Oklahoma, 358; Oregon, 358; Penn- 
 sylvania, 358; South Dakota, 360; 
 Tennessee, 360; Texas, 360; Vermont, 
 360; Virginia, 361; Washington, 361; 
 West Virginia, 362; Wisconsin, 362; 
 Austria, 363; Belgium, 363; Canada, 
 363; France, 365; Germany, 366; 
 Great Britain, 367; Italy, 377; Japan, 
 377; Sweden, 377; Switzerland, 377. 
 Regulation of municipal plants, 378. 
 
 Municipal plants, regulaUon of, 378. 
 
 Munro, W. B., Bibliography of munic- 
 ipal government, 19. 
 
 Munson, C. LaR., Pennsylvania public 
 service law, 93, 167; Public service 
 company law of Pennsylvania, 93, 167. 
 
 Murphy, T. J., Franchise grants in New 
 York City. 
 
 Myers, G. L., Persoimel of public service 
 commissions, 151. 
 
 Myers, Gustavus, History of public 
 franchises in New York City, 85, 140. 
 
 INDEX 
 
 401 
 
 Nash, L. R., CleveUnd railway situation, 
 
 go, 142; Commission regulation of 
 usiness, 14; Demand electric rates as 
 affected by commission regulation, 
 280; Depreciation reserves as affected 
 by property growth, 244; Develop- 
 ment of commission regulation, 41, 
 15.7; Financial problems of electric 
 railways, 289; Recent developments 
 in regulation, 229; Some commercial 
 consideration in rate nuiking, 280; 
 Valuation of public service properties, 
 207. 
 
 Nashville, Tennessee, 97, 360. 
 
 National Association of Railway Com- 
 missioners, References on valuation, 19. 
 
 National Civic Federation, Commbsion 
 regulation of public utilities, 41, 157; 
 Draft bill for the regulation of public 
 utilities, 42, 151, 157; Municipal and 
 private operation of public utilities, 
 310; Shall the Government own and 
 operate the railroads, the telegraph 
 and telephone systems ? Affirmative 
 side, 323, Negative side, 331. 
 
 National Electric Light Association, 
 Standard classification of accounts, 
 182. 
 
 National Municipal Review, 19. 
 
 Nau, C. H., Uniform systems of accounts 
 for public utilities, 182. 
 
 Neal, J. H., Where maintenance ends and 
 depreciation begins, 182, 244. 
 
 Neale, R. E., Depreciation in engineering 
 works, 245. 
 
 Nebraska, 77, 78, 213, 354. 
 
 Neeley, F. H., Depreciation of power 
 plant equipment, 245. 
 
 Nethercut, £. S., Valuation of operating 
 properties, 208. 
 
 Newark, Ohio, 92, 358. 
 
 Newbigging, William, Kalamazoo situa- 
 tion, 74. 
 
 Newbigging, William, and Kiumpp, J. B., 
 Engineering matters: British gas 
 works, 122, 374. 
 
 Newcomb, H. T., Cleveland's street 
 railway problems, 90, 357; Con- 
 stitutionality of the delegations in the 
 interstate commerce law, 193; Force 
 and effect of the orders of the inter- 
 state commerce commission, 193; 
 Government regulation of railway 
 capitalization, 191. 
 
 New Jersey, 78, 163, 213. 
 
 New Orleans, Louisiana, 63, 64, 260, 351. 
 
 New York, 78 ff., 139, 140, 141, 163 ff., 
 213, 262, 263, 355, 356. 
 
 New York, New York, 83 ff., 139, 140, 
 141, 163 ff., 213, 263, 355, 356. 
 
 New York Public Library, Mumcipal 
 reference notes, 19. 
 
 New Zealand, see Great Britain. 
 
 Nicholas, Frederic, Tendencies in central 
 station rate making, 280. 
 
 Nichols, H. P., Progress in methods of 
 granting franchises in New York City, 
 140. 
 
 Non-physical values, su Intangibles. 
 
 Norman, O. E., Factors involved in 
 establishing service, charge and rate of 
 return, 14. 
 
 Norsa, Renzo, Diversity factor and fixed 
 charges, 280. 
 
 North Brookfield, Massachusetts, 70, 
 
 352- 
 Norton, W. J., Approval of demand rates 
 
 by commissions, 42, 157, 280; Effects 
 of the indeterminate franchise, 42, 
 145, 157; Form of electric rates, 280; 
 Illinois commission law and municipal 
 ownership law, 54, 160, 347; State 
 regulation, 42, 151, 157; Two epochs 
 of rate regulation, 151. Su also 
 Cory, C. L. 
 
 Norwich, Coimecticut, 51, 345. 
 
 Nottingham, England, 120, 373. 
 
 Nourse, H. O., Water rates, 292. 
 
 Nutting, H. G. D., Accounting system 
 for small central stations, 183; De- 
 preciation, 245; Is regulation failing ? 
 42, 152, 157. 
 
 O'Brien, T. D., Land values under the 
 Minnesota rate case, 233, 253. 
 
 Obsolescence, see Depreciation. 
 
 Ohio, 87 ff., 141, 142, 143, 167, 213, 263, 
 356, 357, 358. 
 
 Oklahoma, 93, 167, 358. 
 
 Omaha, Nebraska, 77, 78, 354. 
 
 Ontario, Canada, no, 266, 363, 364. 
 
 Opelousas, Louisiana, 64, 351. 
 
 Oregon, 93, 214, 263, 358. 
 
 Original cost, see Valuation, theories and 
 methods. 
 
 Osaka, Japan, 126, 377. 
 
 Osborne, R. S., Public service: its legal 
 history, 26. 
 
 Osborne, T. M., New York public service 
 commission, 81, 165; Public service 
 commission law of New York, 81, 165; 
 Public utility law of New York, 81, 
 165. 
 
 Ossoski, Sidney, Basis of valuation in 
 case of municipal purchase, 58, 90, 212, 
 213; Chicago plan of street railway 
 supervision, 58, 136. 
 
 Ost, P. J., Municipal railways of San 
 Francisco, 50, 344. 
 
 Overhead costs, see Intangibles. 
 
 Owen, Mark, Public ownership and in- 
 crease of taxation in Great Britain, 
 122, 374; Why municipal ownership 
 cannot be financially profitable, 331. 
 
 Paine, F. B. H., Preliminary and indirect 
 
 costs, 229. 
 Palmer, Ray, Municipal lighting rates, 
 
 58, 259, 280; Street lighting rates and 
 
 cost factors, 58, 259, 280. 
 Palo Alto, California, 48, 343. 
 Paris, France, 112, 113, 144, 365. 
 Parker, A. M., First municipal street 
 
 railway in America, 100, 362. 
 
402 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Parker, F. W., Municipal ownership and 
 graft, 324. 
 
 Parsons, Frank, British tramways, 123, 
 375; British tramway history, 123, 
 375; City ownership and operation of 
 street railways, 324; Glasgow's great 
 record, 123, 375; Legal aspects of 
 monopoly, 15, 315; Mr. McKerrow's 
 argument against municipal owner- 
 ship, 123, 375; Municipal operation 
 w. private operation, 315; Public inter- 
 est demands public ownership, 324; 
 Public ownership, 42, 324; Public 
 ownership and low rates, 324. 
 
 Parsons, Frank, and Roberts, F. H. H., 
 Municipal ownership debated, 324, 
 
 331- 
 Parsons, W. B., Undergroimd railways in 
 
 the United States, 42. 
 Pasadena, California, 49, 258, 344. 
 Patterson, A. R., Organization of the 
 
 accounting department of an electric 
 
 railway and light company, 183. 
 Patton, James, see Bell, Sir James. 
 Patton, W. A., At what rate can water 
 
 be profitably sold, 42, 258, 292. 
 Paxton, E. T., Public service rates in 
 
 Texas cities, 98, 264. 
 Pearson, George, Municipal trading, 123, 
 
 315,375. 
 Pence, W. D., Certain provisions of the 
 
 public utilities law of Wisconsin, 173; 
 Functions of a technical staff in regu- 
 lation, X06, 172, 186, 214, 215, 222; 
 Methods of regulating public utilities, 
 173; Some features of state regulation, 
 173; Valuation and inspection work of 
 the Wisconsin tax and railroad com- 
 missions, 106, 172, 187, 215, 223; Val- 
 uation by Wisconsin state engineers, 
 io7> 173, 215, 223; Wisconsin service 
 inspection and improvement, 107, 173, 
 187, 223; Work of the joint engineer- 
 ing Stan of the Wisconsin tax and rail- 
 road commissions, 107, 173, 187, 215, 
 223. 
 Pennsylvania, 93 ff., 143, 167, 168, 263, 
 
 358, 359, 360. 
 Peoria, Illinois, 59, 348. 
 
 Perkins, F. C, Municipal electric rail- 
 ways at Wellington, 123, 375. 
 
 Permit, indeterminate, see Length of 
 term, franchise. 
 
 Perrine, F. A. C, Validity of electric 
 light comparisons, 316. 
 
 Perry, F. B., Method for determining 
 rates and prices for electric power, 
 280. 
 
 Perry, H. S., City that sold its water- 
 works, 59, 348. 
 
 Peters, J. W. S., Kansas City franchise 
 fight, 76, 139; Suggested sliding scale 
 of dividends for street railways, 129, 
 299. See also Wilcox, D. F. 
 
 Peters, J. W. S., and Wilcox, D. F., Out- 
 line of a model street railway franchise, 
 129. 
 
 Pfeiffer, A. J. J., Tramway depreciation, 
 
 245- 
 
 Phelps, C. E., Jr., see Stebbins, Theodore. 
 
 Phelps, L. F., Municipal lighting plant 
 operated by oil engine, 82, 355. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 94, 95, 96, 
 143, a63, 358, 359, 360. 
 
 Physical valuation, see Valuation. 
 
 Pierce, A. L., Municipal lighting in Wal- 
 lingford, 51, 345. 
 
 Pigou, A. C, see Taussig, F. W. 
 
 Pike, C. W., Service standards prescribed 
 by commissions, 43, 157, 187. 
 
 Pillsbury, C. L., Making and mainte- 
 nance of priced inventories, 223. 
 
 Pinanski, A. E., Street railway system of 
 metropolitan Boston, 69, 138. 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 96. 
 
 Platteville, Wisconsin, 109, 265. 
 
 Plattner, William, Spencer's modem 
 street lighting contract, 71, 261. 
 
 Plehn, C. C., Suggestion for a measure of 
 the burden of taxation on street rail- 
 ways, 304; Taxation of franchises in 
 California, 47, 134, 304; Taxation of 
 
 Sublic service corporations, 304. 
 ikov, W. N., Cost of electricity, 280. 
 
 Pollock, H. M., Public service commis- 
 sions of the state of New York, 81,152, 
 165. 
 
 Pollock, H. M., and Morgan, W. S., Con- 
 trol of municipal public service cor- 
 porations, 15, 375. 
 
 Pomerene, W. R., Observations on tram- 
 ways in Great Britain, 375. 
 
 Pomeroy, L. R., Depreciation or valua- 
 tion of properties, 245. 
 
 Pond, O. L., Methods of judicial review, 
 193; Taxation of corporations, 305. 
 
 Pool, L. A., Municipal lighting plant of 
 Troy, 92, 358. 
 
 Pope, Herbert, Municipal contracts and 
 regulation of rates, 130, 194. 
 
 Porter, R. P., Dangers of municipal 
 ownership, 123, 332, 375; Dangers of 
 municipal trading, 123, 3^2, 375: 
 European and American methods and 
 results comfiared, 26, 332, 376; Fail- 
 ure of municipal ownership in England, 
 123, 376; Municipal traaing, 26, 332, 
 336. 
 
 Post, L. F., Political principle of public 
 ownership, 3x6. 
 
 INDEX 
 
 403 
 
 Potter, Alexander, Important water- 
 works rate and appraisal investigation, 
 98, 214; Obligation of the state to the 
 municipality, 177* 
 
 Potts, A. F., Successful substitute for 
 municipal ownership, 324. 
 
 Potts, C. S., Texas stock and bond law, 
 98, 191. 
 
 Powell, F. W., Two experiments in pubhc 
 ownership of steam railroads, 70, 87, 
 
 352,356. . 
 
 Power rates, see Electric rates. 
 
 Powers, L. G., Governmental regulation 
 of accounting procedure, 183. 
 
 Present value, see Valuation, theones 
 and methods. 
 
 Priest, G. H., Some notes on the valua- 
 tion of mains and services, 223. 
 
 Priestly, C. H., Municipal ownership of 
 water undertakings, 324. 
 
 Pritchard, C. F., see Adams, A. D. 
 
 Prosser, R. W., Depreciation in gas 
 plants, 245. . 
 
 Prouty, C. A., Court protection unsafe, 
 152, 194; Meaning of the constitu- 
 tional protection in valuation, 194, 
 
 253. 
 
 Providence, Rhode Island, 97. 
 
 Public Service Commissions, i47ff. 
 General works, 147. 
 History: commissions in general, 
 153; California, 158; Colorado, 160; 
 Illinois, 160; Indiana, 161; Iowa, 161; 
 Massachusetts, 162; Minnesota, 163; 
 Missouri, 163; New Jersey, 163; New 
 York, 163; Ohio, 167; Oklahoma, 167; 
 Pennsylvania, 167; Texas, 168; Ver- 
 mont, 168; Virginia, 168; Washing- 
 ton, 168; West Viiginia, 168; Wis- 
 consin, 169. 
 
 State vs. local regulation, 174; Uni- 
 form accounting, 178; Service regu- 
 lation, 184; Control of capitalization, 
 
 189. 
 
 Judicial review of regulation: gen- 
 eral works, 192, history, 194. 
 
 Public Service Publishing Company, 
 Complete reports on muniapally 
 owned plants m Ohio, 87, 356. 
 
 Purchase, Value for, see Condemnation 
 and purchase. 
 
 Qualifications of commissioners, see 
 Public service commissions: General 
 works. 
 
 Quebec, Canada, no, 144. 
 
 Quitman, Georgia, 53, 346. 
 
 RadclifiF, C. A., PubUc utiUty act of Ohio, 
 87, 167. 
 
 Railroad commissions, see Public service 
 commissions. 
 
 Randolph, C. F., Municipal ownership 
 of public utilities, 316. 
 
 Randolph, L. S., Ethics of allowance for 
 depreciation, 245, 270. 
 
 Rate level, see Rate schedules. 
 
 Rate of return, 293 ff. 
 
 Rate Research, 270. 
 
 Rates, 25s flf. , , 
 
 History: United States and for- 
 eign, 255; United States — general, 
 255; California, 258; Georgia, 259; 
 Idaho, 259; Illinois, 259; Iowa, 260; 
 Louisiana, 260; Maryland, 260; Mas- 
 sachusetts, 260; Michigan, 261; Min- 
 nesota, 262; Missouri, 262; New 
 York, 262; Ohio, 263; Oregon, 263; 
 Pennsylvania, 263; Texas, 264; Ver- 
 mont, 264; Washington, 264; Wis- 
 consm, 264; Canada, 266; France, 
 266; Germany, 266; Great Britain, 
 266; Italy, 267. 
 
 Rate schedules: General works, 267, 
 electric, 271, gas, 284, traction, 286, 
 water, 290. 
 Rate of return, 293; The sliding 
 
 scale, 297. 
 Rate schedules, 267 ff. 
 
 General works, 267; electric, 271; 
 
 gas, 284; traction, 286; water, 290. 
 Rate theories, see Rate schedules. 
 Raymond, W. G., Rate making for public 
 
 utilities, 270; Suggestions for rate 
 
 making, 270. 
 Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature, 
 
 19. 
 Reed, W. E., Cost of arc lightmg, 281. 
 Regina, Canada, in, 364. 
 Regulation, history of, see History of 
 
 public utilities and of regulation. 
 Regulation of municipal plants, 378. 
 Reid, C. S., Theories of electric current 
 
 rate schedules, 281. 
 Renner, C. J., Experience with water 
 
 meters and water rates, 99, 264, 361. 
 Reproduction cost, see Valuation, the- 
 ories and methods. 
 Return, rate of, 293 ff. 
 Rex, Frederick, Chicago, 58. 
 Reynolds, J. B., Civic bibliography for 
 
 greater New York, 19. 
 Rhode Island, 97. 
 Rice, Frederick, Jr., Are pubhc service 
 
 charges too low ? 270. 
 Richards, J. L., Boston consolidated gas 
 
 company, 69, 261; History of the gas 
 
 industry of Boston, 69. 
 Richards, R. H., Tacoma's NisquaUy 
 
 River development, loi, 362. 
 
404 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Richards, W. H., Meter rates, 292. 
 Richardson, A. C, Buflfalo, 82. 
 Richey, A. S., Cost of rush-hour service. 
 289. ' 
 
 Richmond, Vir^ginia, 99, 361. 
 
 ^ckards, A. E., Purchased power, 270. 
 
 Kider, J. H., Charges for supply from 
 combmed Ughting and traction sta- 
 tions, 123, 267, 281, 289. 
 
 Rifenbenck, R. B., Something along the 
 Ime of physical and intangible valua- 
 tion, 208, 245. 
 
 Riggs, H. E., Valuation of public ser- 
 vice corporation property, 43, 208. 
 211, 223. 
 
 Ringe, H. R., Philadelphia, 95. 
 
 Rinthff, G. L., Springfield's street rail- 
 way franchise, 92, 143. 
 
 Ripley, W. Z., CapitalizaUon of pubUc 
 service corporations, 67, 191; Deter- 
 mination of reasonable rates, 195; In- 
 vestor's interest in valuations, 208; 
 Physical valuation of railroads, 43 
 208, 211; Physical valuation: rea- 
 sonable rates, 43, 208, 211; PubUc 
 regulation of railroad issues, 191 ; State 
 regulation of security issues, 191. 
 
 Riverside, California, 49, 344. 
 
 Robb, Russell, A problem in the making 
 of rates, 245. 
 
 Robbins, Hayes, Philadelphia and its gas 
 works, 95, 359; Public ownership w. 
 public control, 26, 336. 
 
 Roberts, F. H. H., see Parsons, Frank. 
 
 Roberts, J. L., Charges for electrical 
 energy, 281. 
 
 Roberts, W. H., An auxiliary hydro- 
 power plant, 88. 
 
 Robinson, Clifton, Tramways of the 
 world, 26. 
 
 Robinson, M. H., The pubUc utiUties 
 commission, 54, 160. 
 
 Robinson, S. C, What would be a proper 
 charge under these conditions ? 112 
 266. 
 
 Robson, H. A., Municipal utiliti'es' ac- 
 counting, 183. 
 
 Rochester, New York, 86, 356. 
 
 Roemer, J. H., Causes and effects of a 
 commission, 107, 187; Certain impor- 
 tant provisions of the public utilities 
 law of Wisconsin, 107, 152; Com- 
 mission control of public utilities, 15; 
 Methods of regulating utilities, 107: 
 Municipal regulation of utilities, 177; 
 Regulation of public utilities, 15; Some 
 features of state regulation, 7. 107- 
 UtiUty home rule, 17?. ' ^' ^' 
 
 R<^rs, J. I., Municipal gas in Phila- 
 delphia, 95, 359. 
 
 Rogers, W. O., DanviUe municipal light- 
 
 ^ mg, 99, 361. 
 
 Rosa, E. B., Function of research m regu- 
 lation, 187; Government's part in 
 regulation, 187; Legal specifications 
 for illuminating gas, 187; Research in 
 the regulation of natural monopolies, 
 loo. 
 
 Rosa, E. B., and McBride, R. S., Stond- 
 
 ards for gas service, 188. 
 Rosarnond, S. J., What would be a fair 
 
 basis for fixing water rates, 43, 258, 
 
 292. 
 
 Rosecrantz, C. M., Other elements of 
 value, 229, 248, 253; Some limitations 
 and objections to municipal ownership, 
 332. 
 Rosewater, Victor, The case for munic- 
 ipal ownership of electric lighting, 325; 
 Municipal ownership of electric light- 
 ing, 43, 342. 
 
 R<»s, J. D., Municipal lighting plant at 
 Seattie, 100, 362; Seattic municipal 
 light and power plant, 100, 264, 362. 
 
 Kowe, L. S., Fundamental principles in- 
 volved in municipal ownership, 316; 
 Municipality and the gas supplv, 95, 
 3.59; Municipal ownership and opera- 
 tion: the value of foreign experience, 
 "4, 316, 325, 367; Possibihties and 
 limitations of municipal control, 152, 
 305; Problems of city government, 7; 
 Relation of the dty to public utilities, 
 
 ^ IS, 26, 130, 146, 336. 
 
 Royce, F. P., The business of local public 
 service companies, 15; Commission 
 control of public service corporations, 
 15; , Going concern value m public 
 service corporations, 230; Present 
 day regulation, 15; Valuation: a fair 
 return and reasonable capitalization. 
 208. 
 
 Royse, C. A., WUl pubUc ownership in- 
 crease or diminish political corruption, 
 
 „ "4, 325, ^76. 
 
 Royse, Darnel, Depreciation in electric 
 railway accountiiig, 245. 
 
 Russell, S. A., Electric power supply 
 tariffs, 281. ^ ^^^ 
 
 Ryan, W. T., Systems of charging for 
 electrical energy, 281. 
 
 St. Albans, Vermont, 99, 264, 361. 
 
 bt. Louis, Missouri, 77, 163, 262, 354. 
 
 bt. Paul, Mmnesota, 76, 262. 
 
 Saliers, E. A., Caring for deprecia- 
 tion, 254; Depreciation in theory and 
 practice, 245; Depreciation in valua- 
 tions, 246; Principles of depreciation. 
 246. 
 
 INDEX 
 
 40s 
 
 Salmon, C. B., Wisconsin public utility 
 'law, 107, 173. 
 
 San Antonio, Texas, 98, 214. 
 
 San Francisco, California, 49, 50, 134, 
 212, 344, 345. 
 
 Santa Clara, California, 50, 345. 
 
 Sara, R. A., Another municipal plant 
 supplying current at three cents, 112, 
 266, 365. 
 
 Saskatoon, Canada, in, 364. 
 
 Schaff, Morris, Capitalization of earn- 
 ings, 191. 
 
 Scharff, M. R., Low rates to large users, 
 281. iSee a/50 Knowles, Morris. 
 
 Schedules, rate, see Rate schedules. 
 
 Scholefield, J. B., Engineering and ac- 
 counting, 183. 
 
 Schrieber, Martin, The accuracy of ap- 
 praisals, 223. 
 
 Scnussler, Hermann, San Francisco's 
 water supply, 50. 
 
 Scobell, E. C., Variations in public ser- 
 vice systems of accounting, 43, 157, 
 183. 
 
 ScoUand, see Great Britain. 
 
 Scovell, C. H., Report on the commis- 
 sions in Massachusetts, 67, 162. 
 
 Seabrook, A. H., An English central sta- 
 tion rate system, 124, 267, 281. 
 
 Seabury, Samuel, Municipal ownership 
 and operation in New York City, 85, 
 
 355- 
 
 Sealy, Robert, Accounting treatment of 
 depreciation, 246. 
 
 Seattle, Washington, 100, 264, 361, 362. 
 
 Securities issues, regulation of, see Capi- 
 talization, control of. 
 
 Seely, C. T., Collection of fares under a 
 zone system, 289. 
 
 Selignian, E. R. A., Taxation of fran- 
 cmse values, 305. 
 
 Sells, E. W., Corporate management 
 compared with government control, 
 
 332. 
 Semenza, Guido, Methods of charging for 
 
 electric motive power, 126, 267, 281. 
 
 Seng, A. W., Selling water at a profit, 63, 
 
 350- 
 
 Service inspection, see Service regula- 
 tion. 
 
 Service regulation, 184 ff. 
 
 Shaad, G. C, Determination of depre- 
 ciation, 246; Intangible values and 
 their relation to valuation, 230. 
 
 Shariman, I. L., Commission regulation 
 of public utilities, 43, 158; Problem of 
 regulation, 16; Railway regulation, 8; 
 Regulation by the States, 44, 158; 
 Regulation of railway rates, 195, 208, 
 
 253- 
 
 Sharp, E. E., Equity vs. expediency, 281. 
 
 Shaw, G. B., The common sense of 
 municipal trading, 325. 
 
 Shaw, W. A., Development and impor- 
 tance of an engineering department, 
 x88. 
 
 Shawfield, C. E. C, Cheap power supply 
 by municipalities, 282. 
 
 Sheffield, England, 117, 120, 370, 373. 
 
 Sheldon, P. H., Controversy over elec- 
 tric rates in Houston, 98, 264. 
 
 Shepard, E. M., City owning and leasing, 
 316, 325. 
 
 Shepardson, G. D., Why some municipal 
 electric plants do not pay better, 316. 
 
 Sherman, S. A., Providence, 97. 
 
 Shibley, G. H., Referendum and initia- 
 tive in relation to municipal ownership, 
 
 317,325- 
 Shields, R. H., Railroad taxation prob- 
 lems, 71, 305; Taxation of corporate 
 property of Michigan railroads, 71, 
 
 305- 
 Shortt, Adam, Taxation of public service 
 
 corporations, 305. 
 Shuster, T. W., Rates and methods of 
 
 charging, 282. 
 Sidlo, T. L., Cleveland invalidity clause, 
 
 90, 142; Consolidation of public 
 
 utilities in Ohio, 88. 
 Siefert, C. A., Uniform classification, 108, 
 
 174, 183- 
 
 Sikes, G. C, Chicago's struggle for free- 
 dom from traction rule, 58, 136; 
 Question of franchises, 146; Relation 
 of Chicago to public service corpora- 
 tions, 58. 
 
 Silcock, E. J., Valuation of waterworks 
 undertakings, 209, 248. 
 
 Simmons, F. G., Private vs. municipal 
 ownership, 332. 
 
 Simpson, J., Municipal powers re-light- 
 ing plants, 317. 
 
 Sinclair, Alexander, Load factor, 282. 
 
 Sines, H. S., Effect of central station 
 rates on new business, 282. 
 
 Sinsheimer, P. A., Regulation of securi- 
 ties, 192; Ten rules for service, 16, 47, 
 159, 188. 
 
 Skip-stop, see Service regulation. 
 
 Slavin, Matthew, Municipal electricity 
 in Pasadena, 49, 344. 
 
 Sliding Scale, 118, 121, 122, 125, 397, 298, 
 299. 
 
 Sloan, H. M., Municipal ownership and 
 operation of street railways, 332. 
 
 Smalley, H. S., Railroad rate control, 
 194. 
 
 Smith, C. A., Depreciation and sinking 
 fund, 246. 
 

 406 
 
 INDEX 
 
 
 Simth, E. B., Street raUway legislation in 
 
 mnois, 54. 
 Smith, J. A., Effect of state regulation 
 
 upon municipal home rule, 177, 378; 
 
 Mumapal vs. state control, 100, 168. 
 
 177; Seattle, 100. 
 Smith, J. E., Experiments at Springfield. 
 
 59, 348. 
 Smithson, R. A., Municipal operation of 
 
 tramways, 124, 376. 
 Smucker, L. L., Topeka's unsuccessful 
 
 lighting plant, 63, 350. 
 bneU, J. F. C, Cost of electrical power 
 
 for mdustrialpurposes, 282. 
 Snider, G. E., Taxation of the gross re- 
 ceipts of railways in Wisconsin, 108. 
 
 305. 
 Soreng, E. M., Cost figures for Brook- 
 
 mgs, 97, 360. 
 
 South Norwalk, Connecticut, 51, 34s. 
 
 Spain, 126. 
 
 Special IJbraries, 19. 
 
 Speirs, F. W., Philadelphia gas lease, 95, 
 
 359; Regulation of cost and quality of 
 
 service, 16; Street railway system of 
 
 Philadelphia, 96, 359. 
 bpencer, A. W., Prevention of stock 
 
 watenng, 44, 192; Should public 
 
 franchises be treated as corporate 
 
 property ? 130. 
 Spencer, C. J., Determination of central 
 
 station rates, 282. 
 Spencer, Massachusetts, 71, 261. 
 Spohrer, H. H., Electric rates, 77, 262, 
 
 282. 
 
 Spokane, Washington, loi, 264, 362. 
 Sprague, F. J., Growth of electric rail- 
 ways, 26. 
 
 Springbom, W. J., Municipal electric 
 bghtmg plants for Cleveland, 91, 357; 
 Municipal ownership of water plants, 
 
 ^91,357. 
 
 Springfield, Dlinois, 59, 348. 
 
 oprrngbeld, Ohio, 92, 143. 
 
 Staley, D. H., Colorado in litigation, 51 
 160. * 
 
 Standrod, D. W., A utility commissioner's 
 view of municipal ownership, 332. 
 
 State vs. local regulation, i74flf. 
 
 Steams, F. P., Depreciation defined, 
 246. 
 
 Steams, R. B., Milwaukee fare case, 265; 
 Zone system of fares in practice, 100. 
 265,289. ^' 
 
 Stebbins, Theodore, Intemrban railway 
 
 fares, 289. 
 Stebbins, Theodore, and Phelps, C. 
 
 E., Jr., Engineering matters: U. S. 
 
 electndty works, 44, 342. 
 Step rates, see Rate schedules. 
 
 Sterrett, J. E., Comparative yield on 
 trade and public service investment. 
 296. ^ 
 
 Stevens, F. E., Qeveland, 91. 
 
 Stevens, F. W., Accounting in public ser- 
 vice regulation, 183; Discussion of 
 pnnciples in valuing land, 234: 
 Mooted principles in valuation, 209 
 
 253; Valuation of right of way, 234. * 
 Stockholm, Sweden, 126, 377. 
 
 Stone & Webster Library, Current litera- 
 ture references, 20. 
 
 Storer, S. B., Relation of load factor to 
 valuation of hydroelectric plants, 230; 
 Sale and measurement of electric 
 power, 282. 
 
 Stowe, L. B., Public service companies 
 and the people, 81, 165. 
 
 Strait, E. N., Wisconsin commission 
 method of rate making, 108, 174, 270. 
 
 Stratton, I. W., State and local regula- 
 tion in Pennsylvania, 94, 167, 177. 
 
 Street car fares, see Fares, street car. 
 
 Sullivan, J. W., City transit systems, 
 li^'* . J^^ J*bor report, 26, 337; 
 Mumapal and private operation of 
 pubUc utilities, 27, 337; Municipali- 
 zation or a just regulation, 333. See , 
 also Commons, J. R. 
 
 SuUivan, J. W., and Commons, J. R., 
 Labor and politics: U. S. Waterworks, 
 
 ^ 44, 342. 
 
 Sutton, W. E., Ownership in a small com- 
 munity, 61, 349. 
 
 Sweden, 126,377. 
 
 Switzerland, 126, 377. 
 
 Swoboda, H. V., An analysis of electric 
 
 cooking, 282. 
 Sylvan Grove, Kansas, 63, 350. 
 Syracuse, New York, 87, 356. 
 
 INDEX 
 
 407 
 
 Tacoma, Washington, 101, 362. 
 
 Tait, Fred, see Bowden, J. H. 
 
 Tarentum, Pennsylvania, 96, 360. 
 
 Taunton, Massachusetts, 71, 352. 
 
 Taussig, F. W., Contribution to the 
 theory of railway rates, 270; Public 
 ownership and public control, 16, 317; 
 Railway rates and joint cost once 
 more, 271. 
 
 Taussig, F. W., and Pigou, A. C, Rail- 
 way rates and joint cost, 271. 
 
 Tawney, R. H., Municipal enterprise in 
 Germany, 114, 367. 
 
 Taxation, 300 flf. 
 
 Taylor, A. M., Philadelphia's transit 
 problem, 95; Solution of a city's tran- 
 sit problem, 96. 
 
 Taylor, Benjamin, Municipal Glasgow, 
 '24, 376; Municipal ownership of 
 
 \ 
 
 tramways in the United Kingdom, 1 24, 
 576. 
 
 Teichmann, Max, Depreciation, 246. 
 
 Tendencies in valuation, 249 ff. 
 
 Tener, J. K., Need for a public utilities 
 bill in Pennsylvania, 94, 167. 
 
 Tennessee, 97, 360. 
 
 Term, length of, franchise, 144 ff. 
 
 Terrell, Texas, 98, 360. 
 
 Texas, 97, 98, 168, 214, 264, 360. 
 
 Thelen, Max, A California problem, 47, 
 159, 177; California's new law, 48, 
 159; Public utility regulation in Cali- 
 fornia, 48, 159; Report on leading rail- 
 road and public service commissions, 
 44, 158. 
 
 Thomas, J. J., Depreciation and valua- 
 tion, 209, 246. 
 
 Thomas, P. H., Rate making for public 
 utilities, 253. 
 
 Thompson, C. D., Municipal ownership, 
 
 325. 
 
 Thompson, H. A., Galena's experience 
 with ownership, 59, 348. 
 
 Thompson, R. A., Method used by the 
 railroad commission of Texas in valu- 
 ing railroads, 98, 192, 214, 223. 
 
 Thompson, W. G., see Matthews, Na- 
 than, Jr. 
 
 Thome, Clifford, Going value as an ele- 
 ment of fair value, 230, 253. 
 
 Thurber, T. B., Some arguments against 
 municipal ownership, 333. 
 
 Tiedeman, C. G., Government ownership 
 of public utilities, 317. 
 
 Tighe, J. L., Municipal water supply 
 revenue, 317; Water consumption, 
 waste and meter rates, 70, 261. 
 
 Tmgley, C. L. S., Present tendency of 
 public utility laws and regulations, 44, 
 54, 158, 160. 
 
 Tingley, R. H., Overhead chaiges in 
 valuation, 230. 
 
 Tokio, Japan, 126. 
 
 Toledo, Ohio, 92, 263. 
 
 Tohnan, E. B., Chioigo's traction ques- 
 tion, 58, 136. 
 
 Tomkms, Calvin, Municipal ownership, a 
 business problem, 317. 
 
 Topeka, Kansas, 63, 350. 
 
 Toppin, W. A., Present tendency of 
 charging for electricity, 124, 267; 
 Sui^ly by meter or contract, 282; 
 Systems of charging for electricity 
 supply, 283. 
 
 Toronto, Canada, xio, iii, 112, zas, 
 »W, 363, 365. 
 
 Towler, W. G., Socialism in local govem- 
 ment, 124, 333, 376. 
 
 Traction fares, 286 ff. 
 
 Transvaal, 122, 374. 
 
 Trinkle, W. N., Public service company 
 law of Pennsylvania, 94, 167. 
 
 Tripp, G. E., Taxes and licenses, 305. 
 
 Troy, New York, 87, 356. 
 
 Troy, Ohio, 92, 358. 
 
 Tsukmnoto, C., Hydroelectric power 
 from snow clad Fujiyama, 126. 
 
 Turner, E. H., see James, R. C. 
 
 Turner, E. H., and James, R. C, Finan- 
 cial matters: British gas works, 124, 
 376, British tramways, 124, 376. 
 
 Tweedy, E. F., Central stations' load 
 factors, 283. 
 
 Tyng, L. H., Private vs. public operation 
 of gas companies, 333. 
 
 Uniform accounting, see Accounting, 
 uniform. 
 
 United Kingdom, see Great Britain. 
 
 United States, aSff., 132, 133, 134, 
 I53ff., an, 212, 255 ff., 337 ff. 
 
 Umted States and foreign, 22 ff., 132, 
 255, 333 ff. 
 
 U. S. Bureau of the Census, Central 
 light and power stations, 44, 45, 133; 
 Street and electric railways, 27, 45, 
 
 ,^ 133, 258, 305, 342. 
 
 U. S. Bureau of Standards, Standaiti 
 methodsofgas testing, 188; Standard 
 regulations for manufactured gas, 45, 
 188; Standards for electric service, 45, 
 188; Standards for gas service, 45, 
 188; State and municipal regulations 
 for illuminating gas, 45, 189. 
 
 U. S. Interstate Commerce Commission, 
 Railways in the United States in 1902, 
 45, 158, 306. 
 
 U. S. Library of Congress, List of 
 bibliographies on regulation, 20; List 
 of books relating to railroads, 20; 
 list of recent references on public ser- 
 vice rates, 20; List of references on 
 inunicipal ownership, 20; Monthly 
 list of state publications, 20; Select 
 list of books on municipal affairs, 20, 
 on railroads in foreign countries, 20; 
 Select list of references on municipal 
 franchises, 20, on municipal ownership 
 20, on public service commissions, 20, 
 on public service rates, 21, on the 
 valuation and capitalization of rail- 
 rcMids, 21. 
 
 Utilities Magazine, Proceedings of the 
 conference on valuation, 198. 
 
 Vail, T. N., PubUc utiUties and public 
 policy, 152; State control of public 
 utility companies, 152; Wages subject 
 for r^ulation, 152. 
 
4o8 
 
 INDEX 
 
 INDEX 
 
 409 
 
 ■ 4 
 
 Valon, Arthur, The rating of water 
 
 undertakings, 306. 
 Valuation, 196 ff. 
 
 General works: books, 196, articles, 
 
 30I. 
 
 History: United States — general, 
 211; California, 212; Illinois, 212; 
 Iowa, 212; Michigan, 212; Missouri, 
 213; Nebraska, 213; New Jersey, 213; 
 New York, 213; Ohio, 213; Oregon, 
 214; Texas, 214; Washington, 214; 
 Wisconsin, 214. 
 
 Theories and methods, 215; In- 
 ventories, 220; Intangibles, 224; 
 Franchise value, 231; Land value, 
 ^^Z'y Depreciation, 234; Condemna- 
 tion and purchase, 248; Court and 
 commission attitude, 249. 
 
 Van Auken, C. L., Making a valuation of 
 laige terminals, 224. 
 
 Van Metre, T. W., see Johnson, E. R. 
 
 Vermont, 98, 99, 168, 264, 360, 361. 
 
 Vesey-Brown, C. S., Electric power 
 tariffs, 283. 
 
 Vienna, Austria, 109, 363. 
 
 Vincent, W. G., Jr., Present value of 
 public utility properties, 219. See 
 also Cory, C. L. 
 
 Virginia, 99, 168, 361. 
 
 Vittin^hofT, Hans von. Regulation of the 
 service rendered by gas companies, 
 189. 
 
 Wade, H. T., National bureau of Stand- 
 ards and standards for public utilities. 
 189. 
 
 Wagner, B. M., Acquisition of private 
 water plants by municipalities, 248, 
 317; Rates for water supply, 46, 209, 
 258, 292. 
 
 Wagner, H. A., Public service and the 
 consumer, 16. 
 
 Walcott, E. A., Municipal railways of 
 San Frandsco, 50, 344. 
 
 Walker, H. B., Government furnishes 
 cheap elecuidty, 53, 259, 346. 
 
 Walkerville, Canada, iii, 266. 
 
 Wallingford, Connecticut, 51, 345. 
 
 Wallis, L. R., The foresee system of 
 charging, 283. 
 
 WaJlis, R. N., Accounting of depreda- 
 tion by electric railways, 246; De- 
 preciation as applicable to electric 
 railways, 246. 
 
 Waring, J. M. S., see Lloyd, E. W. 
 
 Warner, C. A., What is wrong with 
 munidpal ownership ? 317. 
 
 Warner, G. E., Public ownership of 
 lighting plant, 46, 86, 342, 356. 
 
 Warner, J. DeW., Should greater New 
 
 York operate its street railways ? 85, 
 
 325,356. 
 Warren, B. W., The state and the street 
 
 railway, 68, 163. 
 Washington, 99, 100, 101, 168, 214, 264, 
 
 361, 362. 
 Washington, D. C, 52. 
 
 Watered stock, see Capitalization, con- 
 trol of. 
 Waterloo, Iowa, 62, 212, 350. 
 Water rates, 290 ff. 
 
 Watkins, G. P., Electrical rates in the 
 opinions of the Wisconsin commission, 
 108, 174, 265; Electrical rates: load 
 factor and density factor, 283; Street 
 railway rates, 290. 
 Watson, C. C, Nashville's deteriorated 
 
 waterworks, 97, 360. 
 Webster, W. A., American principles in 
 
 business and politics, 333. 
 Wellington, New Zealand, 123, 374. 
 Wells, W. I., Elements affecting fair 
 
 valuation, 224. 
 West, Max, Franchises of greater New 
 York, 85, 140; Munidpal franchises in 
 New York, 85, 140. 
 Western, R. W., Calculatmg deprecia- 
 tion, 246. 
 Weston, C. V., Street railway franchises, 
 
 130- 
 Weston, George, Supervising engineers 
 and street railway service, 58, 189. 
 See also Arnold, B. J. 
 West Virginia, loi, 168, 362. 
 Wetterer, C. F. W., Desirability of in- 
 determinate instead of fixed term 
 franchises, 146. 
 Wheeling, West Virginia, 101, 362. 
 Wherry, W. M., Jr., Four public utility 
 laws analyzed, 54, 60, 94, 101, 161, i68; 
 Franchise values, 232, 253. 
 Whinery, Samuel, Munidpal ownership, 
 318; Quasi-public corporations ana 
 their control, 130, 146. 
 Whipple, F. H., Cost of public lighting, 
 46, 253, 343; Ownership of central 
 stations, 46, 343. 
 Whitehome, E. E., Value of the poor 
 
 man's business, 46, 258, 283. 
 Whitfield, J. B., PubUc utiUty corpora- 
 tions in general, 16; Rights and duties 
 of public service corporations, 16. 
 Whitney, E. B., Public ownership in 
 
 New York, 86, 356. 
 Whitney, F. N., Centralized assessment 
 of public utilities in New York, 81, 306. 
 Whitney, L. N., Present value mislead- 
 ing, 247. 
 Whitney, T. H., Cooperation between 
 I companies, commissions and public, 
 
 152; New York City public service 
 commission, 81, 166; New York 
 public utilities, 81, 166; Public service 
 commissions act of New York, 81, 166. 
 
 Whitridge, F. W., Official valuations of 
 private property, 209. 
 
 ^^tten, R. H., Actual cost, 220; 
 Average price vs. present price, 224; 
 Bibliography of valuation and depre- 
 ciation, 21; Boston sliding scale plan, 
 69; Certain principles of valuation, 
 209; Depreciation and regulation, 
 247; Distinction between value for 
 tax and rate purposes, 220, 306; Fair 
 value for rate purposes, 209; Paris 
 subway system, 113, 144, 365; Public 
 service conmiission situation in New 
 York, 82; Rate of return, 296; Regu- 
 lation of public service companies in 
 Great Britain, 125, 299; Rules for 
 appraisers in Maine condemnation 
 cases, 224; Supervision of street rail- 
 ways in England and Prussia, 27; 
 Taxation of corporations, 46, 306; 
 Toronto auction sale and maximum 
 dividend system, 112; Valuation of 
 public service corporations, 199, 211, 
 220, 230, 232, 234, 247, 249, 254; 
 Valuation of public utilities, 209; 
 Work of the commission for the first 
 district. New York, 81, 166. 
 
 Whittlesey, J. T., Success of municipal 
 lighting plants in California, 48, 343. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F., Capitalization, capital, 
 values, appraisals and purchase price, 
 210; Control of public service corpora- 
 tions in Detroit, 73, 138; Control of 
 public utilities, 130, 146, 318; Crisis 
 m public service regulation in New 
 York, 82, 152, 166; Detroit, 73; Ef- 
 fects of state regulation upon munic- 
 
 - ipal ownership movement, 46, 152, 
 158, 318; Elements of a constructive 
 franchise policy, 86, 130, 140; Fran- 
 chise provisions in commission char- 
 ters, 130; Fundamental planks in a 
 public utility program, 16, 306, 318; 
 Grand Rapids, 74; How the Chicago 
 and Cleveland street railway settie- 
 ments are working out, 59, 91, 136, 
 142; How to make a study of local 
 utility franchises, 131; Local utility 
 departments, franchise bureaus^ ipid 
 special experts, 177; Miimpapblis \^ 
 setUement ordinances, 75, 138; Munic- 
 ipal franchises, 46, 69, 96^ 131, 134,. 
 299. 306, 359; MunidjAl hddkCk M^ 
 and franchises, 146, 177; Muhidflja 
 ownership, 326; Needed changes in 
 the pubhc service laws of New Ytrk, 
 
 82, 166, 178; New York subway con- 
 tracts, 86, 141; Principles as to fran- 
 chise values, 232, 249, 306; Problems 
 of transit in cities, 17; Public service 
 commission situation in New York, 
 166; Public utility advice, 318; Reg- 
 ulation of municipal utilities, 140; 
 Report upon proposed standard form 
 of franchise, 86, 141; Street railway 
 franchises in greater New York, 86, 
 141; Street railway resettiements, 46, 
 343; Street railway settiement fran- 
 chises of Chicago and Cleveland, 59, 
 91, 136, 143; Supervision of local 
 utilities by state commissions, 153; 
 Taxation of public utilities, 307; 
 What a street railway franchise should 
 contain, 132. See also Peters, J. W. S. 
 
 Wilcox, D. F., and Peters, J. W. S., Sug- 
 gestions for a model street railway 
 franchise, 132. 
 
 Wilcox, N. T., Some reasons for dif- 
 ference in price, 271, 283; Wholesale 
 rates for central station service, 283. 
 
 Wiles, C. W., Ownership of public utili- 
 ties, 318. 
 
 Wilgus, W. J., Ph3rsical valuations of 
 railroads, 210, 220. 
 
 Wilkie, J. E., Sidelights on London tram- 
 ways, 125. 
 
 Willcox, O. B., Competition with other 
 investments, 296; Returns necessary 
 to attract new capital, 296; Meth- 
 ods of determining the economic pro- 
 ductivity of munidpal enterprises, 
 318. 
 
 Williams, A. D., Cleveland munidpal 
 electric plants, 357. 
 
 Williams, Arthur, Municipal ownership 
 costiy and dangerous, 27, 333, 337; 
 Munidpal ownership of public utilities, 
 
 27, 333» 337. 
 
 Williams, E. E., How London loses by 
 munidpal ownership, 125, 377. 
 
 Williams, F. H., Fort Wayne's munidpal 
 lighting plant, 60, 349. 
 
 Williams, Harrison, Assessment of rail- 
 roads, 82, 307. 
 
 Williams, W. H., Railway capital and 
 values, 71, 212; Valuation of public 
 service corporations, 220. 
 
 Willis, H. E., Proper relation between 
 
 • bi^iC od^i^igs aad the state, 17. 
 
 ^Wilindt; H* iV;, De^)reciation, 247. 
 
 t^ilsbn,' Alexander, Presidential address: 
 
 . . Jqstitution of gas engineers, 125, 377. 
 
 .WiUfoV, C*.' P.,* Firiaitcing public utilities 
 
 * . Ui^^P slaie contrdl, 210, 296. 
 
 Wilson, H: W., Thrte-cent light in Cleve- 
 
 . land, 9ir. M3j 357. 
 
 
 * * 
 
 • < » 
 
 I : 
 
-^i 
 
 410 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Wilson Thomas, City and state power 
 plants at Columbus, 92, 357; Detroit's 
 muniapal lighting plant, 73, 353; 
 Kakmazoo municipal plant, 74, 353 
 
 Wmchester A. E., South N^i^iSc's 
 municipal electric works, si. «i8 ^c 
 See also Klumpp, J. B ^ ' ^^' 
 
 Wimiipeg, Canada, 110, in, 112, a66, 
 3^4, wC. ' » I 
 
 Winslow, A. A., City ownership of street 
 railways m Lidge, 100. x6\ 
 
 Winslow, W.H.,'a st^dfof the condi- 
 tions affectmg the price at which capi- 
 tal can be secured, 296; What is fair 
 return ? 297. 
 
 Winslow, Waiard, Boston's new subway 
 70,352. •^' 
 
 W^consin, loaflf. 143, 144, ^^q 
 215, a64, 265, 36a, 363. 
 
 Witt^ Peter, Public favors skip-stop, 91, 
 
 WolflF, Mark, Interpretation of water- 
 works accounts, 184. 
 
 Wolff, S. E., Rates for industrial pur- 
 poses, 286. ^ 
 
 Wolff, Solomon, Public service corpora- 
 tions of New Orleans, 64. 
 
 Wood, A. E., Ubor problem of municipal 
 utihties, 153. *^ 
 
 Woodruff, C R , Philadelphia gas works, 
 96, 360; Philadelphia street railway 
 franchises 96, 143; Recent street rail- 
 way legislaUon in Pennsylvania, 94 
 96,360. ^^' 
 
 Woods, R. A., and Eastman, J. B., Bos- 
 ton franchise contest, 70, 138. 
 Woodward, J^ H, see Crawford, N. McD. 
 Woodward, Park, Municipal ownership, 
 
 Woolfolk, W. G, Appraisal of pubUc 
 utihty properties, 200, 210, 224, 297. 
 
 Wootan, J B Kansas City m. o light 
 plant a failure, 63, 350; Richmond 
 
 ^\ Jif^^"?^ P^^' 99, 361; Truth 
 about Cleveland, 91, 357. 
 
 Worcester, Massachusetts, 71, 261. 
 
 ^orks, L. R., Board of public utiUties of 
 fos Angeles, 48, 159; Stete vs. munic- 
 ipal regulation, 178. 
 
 Worthinpton, Thomas, Regulation w. 
 
 Wnght, Artiiur, Central station tariff 
 
 system 283; Some prinviplefi'.uiider^ 
 
 fi!r^ prof tabJe ^ale of electricity, 
 
 Wng^t demand rate, see Electric rates. 
 
 wngnt, H. C, Development of transit 
 cpndt)! m New York City, 86, 141. 
 
 Wnghtmgton, E. N., SUding scale 
 method of regulation, 70, 299. 
 
 Wnghtington, S. R., Taxation of guar- 
 anteed stock in Massachusetts. 68. 
 192, 307. 
 
 Wyer, S. S., Depreciation, 247; Going 
 value and going concern value, 230: 
 Governmental power to regulate, 17; 
 Natural gas valuation, 210; Prin- 
 ciples governing cost, 271; Rate reg- 
 ulation of electiic power, 17, 210: 
 Reasonableness and legal right of the 
 mmimum charge, 258, 271; Regula- 
 tion, valuation and depreciation, 8. 
 194, 200, 254; Valuation, 210. 
 
 Wyman, Bruce, Illegality as an excuse 
 for refusal of pubhc service, 189; 
 Judicial limitations upon commis- 
 sion action, 194; State control of 
 pubhc utilities, 17, 27. See also 
 Beale, J. H. 
 
 Yeaman, C. H., Depreciation and re- 
 serves for antiquation and obsolescence 
 247. ' 
 
 YeUott, O. I., Notes on depreciation. 
 
 247. ' 
 
 Yerbury, H. E., Equitoble chaiges for 
 
 tramway supply, 125, 267, 290. 
 Young, A. A., Depreciation and rate 
 
 control, 248. 
 Young, C. G., Logical basis for valua- 
 tions of interurban street railways. 
 
 200, 210, 297. 
 Young, P. S., Accounting methods of a 
 
 holdmg company, 154; Accounting of 
 
 capital expenditures, 184. 
 Youn^an, Anna, Frankfort-on-the- 
 
 Main, 114, 367. 
 Y. M. C. A., New York, West Side 
 
 Branch, Public utility economics, 9. 
 Ypsilanti, Michigan, 74, 354. 
 
 Zangerle, J. A., The larger view of munic- 
 ipal ownership, 326. 
 
 Zone fare system, see Fares, street car. 
 
 Zuebbn, Charles, Municipal ownership, 
 326; Municipal railway regulation. 
 
 ^ 47) 50, 345. 
 
 Zurich, Switzerland, 126, 377. 
 
PUNTED AT 
 HAAVAEO UNIVZXSITy PRESS 
 CAMBUDGE. MASS.. U. 8. A. 
 
Ill 
 
 ••>» r 
 
 t\ « 
 
 fY)^H OfifUk^ 
 
 f 
 
 NEH 
 
 JUL! 
 
 S1994 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 JUL 3 1 1942 
 
END OF 
 TITLE