Zbc Coltisinitbs’ Xibravs. j G L I /E N0 2 IT1 A: O R, T H E ENGLAND: ^ With Divers REMARKS UPON The Ancient State thereof. By £i)iK. CHAMBERLA 2TY£, Doftor of LAWS. The Eighteenth Edition, with great] Additions and Improvements. In Three PARTS. Startam qtmm nacius e[t hanc ornat. LONDON, I’rinted by T. , for K. Scot, R. ChiftreS, M Gillifiiivcr, and G. Sav/btidge. MDCXCIV. TO THEIR. Moft Excellent Majefties WILLIAM ni. AND MARYll. OF Gmt Britain, France^ and Ireland^ KING and Q^UEEN, Defenders of the Truly Ancient Ca- tholick, and Apoftolick Faith. %is Eighteenth Imprejfion of THE ^(I(ESENr STATE of ENG¬ LAND, is mojl Humbly Ojfered. By Edw. Chamberlayne, Doctor of Laws. THE bookseller TO T HE RE ABE K T H'E . grsatejl part of thk Impref- jion ms wrought off in the Tear and-great care was tak§n that itjwuld be very accurate^ but cxtream nkenefs in fitting fame par- .. iicular Sheets for the Pre/r, hinderd the whole ’till the Tear 94. cam upon us^ which, however it fares witk the Seller,: will prove no fniall Advantage to the Buy-. er 5 for he hath not only all the Improve-. nients which were deftgned for the Tear 93. but the Lifts CorreBed lik^wife by way of Supplement for this Tear 94. fo that he hath all the benefit which could have been , expeBedfi-om Two fever al Editions. 'Twos once refolved to give the Reader a very particular Account of a Booli called. The new State of England, and the pre¬ tended Author of it 5 but the matter is now Jo very Notoriotfs, that there is jto need of any The Preface. anf thing but to give the-Reader an Ac¬ count what Advantages this Book, hath re¬ ceived by this Imprejjion above any heretojbre. The whole hath been very carefully XQ- vifed, and the Method improved ; that which was antiquated is left out, and a great part added as a fuccinU Account of all the Bi(hopricks5 Bromnifts, 377 Buildings, 4^3 Buttery, ***■ Bj-lam, 457 Cadets, H 3 Cambridge, 73* Canon-Law, 454 Carmens-Kates, 708 Carvers to the King, 228 -re lAe /ineen. 267 Cetfrfr, 2** Chairmen to the King, , 2^1^ - To the Queen,. ' 26c r/wJirei/ar, , 15*. *83 Chancery, 282 Chancellor of the E-ichtqMt,. • ,3'*3' A Chamtler}, The TABLE. Page Clmdltrji, ail Cbaflmi in Otdmry, 211, 214 Cbsfpel Roynl, 209,213 -Iff Sf. James’/, ai6 Cbara^Ier, 'io Chelfca Cal/ei^f, 327,678 Cbildnn, 471 Chjrur^ms to Tbiit flUjsIlios, Churcbnrarder,!, 137 Cities, 315 Civil-Law, 453 Clirgy, 34P their P/iviledges, 361 - Revenues, 364 - Beni^cence, 371 Clerk of the Ckfet, 211,213, 16^ Clerks of the Councily 163 —0/ the Crown, - Eftreats, 301 - Green Cloth, 221 ■ -Hamper, 287 - Market, 246, 314 - Patents, 289 - Petty-Bitg, 289 --P/eit/, 301 -- Priv} Seal, 166 - Repons, 2S9 - Signet, 165 - V/orkt, 2.42 C/ira.«f, 1 Clofet-keeper, 217 Coachmen to the King, 246 _ to the llueen, 267 Coachmens rates, 708 CxkandCrper, 226 Cofferer, -20 Collar dap, " 12 Colledges of London, 632 Caftrfge 0/ Heralds, 670 ■—^0/ Phfficians, 66-5 Commiffnntrs of the ^117,345 Commiffaries, 326 Committee «f Council, 163 Commodities, 40 Common-Law, 475 Compring-Houje, 219 Computation, 381 Court of Admiralt)’, 341 -0/ Chancer r, 282 - Common-Pleas, 291 —DwcA^o/Lancaflcr, 308 - Exchequer, 296 - King's-Bcncb, 277 - Martial, 64S Confellionary, 223 Conflables High, 313 — Pttt), 316 Contraulor of the HouPM, - 0 / f/;f r/p’, 3° I Convocation, 138 Conner, _ 314 CoHiici/ Iff Law f3 T'/jfic Jfi*- je/iif/, _ 244 Cupbearers to the King, 228 - totheQjeen, 263 Curfitors Office, 289 CurftoiS, 290 CuAos Brevium, 279,293 Cubiom-houfe, 621 D. Daughters, tlo Deacons, 3)5 Deans, 333 .- and Chapter, i34 The T A B L T. 246 Piclaratm, Delegttles, Diet, pimerfon, Dilferrcrs, Vlvif)”, pjllois Com:non!, Pii'h’, , ^ Uul'csmd DiitchcJIcs, Dulie of Gloccfter, i Dmch) of Lancjftcr, Foot GMtd!, Footmen to the Kim«, _ totbeQocen, Formof ^ rrefentation, 357 —0/' tt Tej}im9tJia/t 3 ^ Foneign O:pofer, Forrejf-Lnn-, Forrejler,^ Fowl, Fruit, sol 695 i6,2'j6 308 E. Gardens, Gardener in Chief, General Ojf ects, Earls. ■ Ecclejiallic.il Courts, _ Government, Ffierrics to the King, _ so the Queen, Efiuire, Ejquircsof the Body, Eiyimn, Ercry, Exchequer, ExcifeOlfici, Exiger.tets, 296, 30i 7 =’ 296 Familijls, Fanattcfs, Filacers, c.\ Fire of Lcntion, Firft-Fruits-Office, Fifh, Fleet Royal, Fleet Broo’;_, Flowers, 0 . 247 GeneralUlir.r”, , r-j Gentlemcnoj the Kings Bed- chamber, ^34 -of the Ch-npei, 715 -llirbin^crs, ~ 9 'i —of the r,ivr-Chamkr,29- Oentlemen Vjhers of the '. rl- O Chamber 10 the King, 231 -to the Qjecn, ctfi Gentlemen 'V(h:rs i.ii/; Hn(- the Krn, 263 Qinirte King, — to the Queen, Genirr, 263 .. '.ent General, 73 _ —E'.c!cfial;ic,tl, 118 _ -Civil, ' 5 ' _ flit ary, 3'7 _i.fLoncton, 53» _Wcfiminftcr, 59® Goiernoursof Forts, 32 ? Green rio'h, * 7 ® Gtcfl'UP- A T. The TABLE. Grcfham CcUed^e, 635 Grooms of the Bed-chmber, 234 —of the great Chamber to the King, 2^-^ • - to the Qgcen, 2^4 —of the FrivyChamber to the King, 233 - to the Sueen, 263 Groom Farriers, 246 Groom Potter, 239 Grooms of the Stables to the Kit’S) 245 • - to the Queen, 265 Groom of the Stole to the Kit’S, 234 - to the Queen, 266 Guardian of the Spiritualities, Vi Guild hall, (519 H. Nalls of Companies, 694 Harbingers, 213 Heralds, 238 Herbs, 41 Horfes, 46 Horfe Guards, 245 Hofpitals, 68^ Houfeof Commons, 188 Houshpepers, 242 Humours, 458 Impropriations, 3 j Independants, 379 InduQion, 3j9 I Inhabitants, 48 I Inns of Court, 654 j -of Chancery, C60 'kn to a Benefice, 359 Kins, 70 - hit Title. ibid. - hit Pitfon, 77 - Office, 79 -- Sup'emacy and Sove- teisntf, ibid. - Potter and Preroga¬ tive, ^ 80 - Dominions, 87 - Strength, £8 -- Patrimony, 90 - RefpeQ, ^ 92 Kings of Arms, 238 Kings Bench, 277 Kins William, 98 Kitchin, 223 Knights, 429 Knights Bannerets, 434 — — of the Bath, ibid. ——Batchelors, ibid, — Baronets, 414 - of the Garter, 429 Knight Harbinger, 239 L 1 Mmtime Fwcf/, gj} 1 MtuqviSct, i’8s, 400 Uiks of the Bed chamber, M>rMet, _ i%6 ^ 266 Marfhtl Famer, 24^ Tiind Parcel ^18 Martial Ijtta, 458 Land Parcel, 3'" ^ r 1' w, ", Lawe, 49 1 Larder, ^-4 14* La,ndrefi to the Kioi, 223 —7-'“'^^""'',’ ^<^4 ^to the Queen, 2^7 Ma^irof the Beagles, 241 453 --»f 237 Lent Sermon,, 212 Mafier Fan^ner, 240 Lieutenant I of Counties, ggo — —^ the Hart and Bnc^ Lieutenancy of London, 595 hounds, _ iWif. Libertine, 'il^t - of the Hsrrurt, tbtd, Linnen, ' 45 - of the Ho,fe to the King, London Bridge, 686 248 —Wad and Gates, 684 - to the Queen, 265 Lord High-Admiral of Zng- -220 land, 157 -o/tfc W-to/e, 237 Lord Almoner, 210,213 - oftheRewU, 237 Lor*/ CrMt chamberlayn of - of tlx Rads, 285 Eneland, *55 - -of the Studs, 245 —Chamberlayn of the King', -of the Tennts-Court, 241 Houfiold, 218,288 Majlers in Chancery, 184 _ —to the Queen, 162 Mayor and Aldermen, 315 Lord High Chancellor of Zng- Meafures, 387 land, '$2iii3 Meffengers inordinary, 239 —Chief Juflice in Eyre, 240 jW/toia, 329 —HighConflableof England, ; Mint, 617 157 I Monarchy, 74 Lords of Parliament, i8l Aloney, 394 Lord Prejident, 154 Monument, 690 Lord High Steward oj Eng- Miiggletonians, 378 land, 151 Mujicians in Ordinary, 140 —oj the King's Hotijhold, 216 LordTteafurer, 153 N- M. Name, I Names, 397 Maids of Hmw, 266 Navy, 336 Manners, 460 Navy-Opee, ^ 344 London Bridge, 686 —Walt and Gates, 684 Lord High-Admiral of Eng- The TABLE. iVoW% o/England, 181,400 Nmterof MaMtanti, 45 Numbering, 384 0 . Officers dove-Statrs, 128 - of the mu, 216 —to the King's Stables, 246 - of ffeRois/, 235,136, 242 - of the Works, 242 Oriers-Holy, 350 Ordination, 355 Organifls, 215 Oxford, 7>2 P., Paget of Honour to the King, Hi - to the llucen, 265 pages of the Frefence Cham¬ ber, 233 Pages of the Back-Stairs to the King, 235 - to the Queen, 264 Page of the Robe t, ibid. PaUaces, 604 Pantry, 222 Papijls, 62,376 Parliament, 167 Pariffies, 3 Paftry, 225 Pauts-School, 630 Pay-MaUer-General of the Land Forces, 325 Peers of England, 400 Their Precedence, 408 Priviledgcs, 400 Revenue, 412 I Srare, 410 Penny Pofl, 707 Phjftcians in Ordinary, 241, 265 Porters, 226 Porter at St. JamesV, 226 Pojl-Officc, 703 Poultry, 124 Prebendaries, j 34 Precedence, IB 9 Prerogative Court, 652 Presbyterians, 3 go Prince of Wales, 110 Prince George of Denmark, «>5 - His Court, 971 TbePrheefs, 114 - Her Court, 274 /’rincf/i Henrietta, 117 Prifons, 685 Private Buildings, 697 Privy Council, 159 Proilors, 645 Protonotaries, 27s, 293 PublickBuildings ef London, 6 CO Purfuivants, 238 Purvey ers, 227 Purveyers to the Kings Sta- blts, 246 —ro the Queens, 265 Quakers, 378 Qiiarter Sejfins, 311 Queen Confort, 106 Queen's Court, 262 l^eenDomager, 107 - her Court, 262 ;■ flaecfi The TABLE. » 3 « 6iz ScMbg-hauje, Scimli, Scnlkn, Secret:iry cf State, - to the Qtteen, 16', Semfflrefs to the Kkg, 2^6 -to the Qiiceii, 266 Simony, Sion CoSedge, Six Clerks in Chancery, - of the Rods, 289 Soil, 59 Solicitor General, 144 - .totheQneen, 263 Son/»/■ England, lio Sficery, 322 Statuei, 687 I Statute-Larv, 456 ’ Striking in the Rjng's Court, 261 Sab-Dean of the Chaj NO L AKD, the better part of ^ ‘ B , the bed Klantl in the whole World, with Scotland, called by ancienc a Writers Albion, White ; fo termed, Mk—■« probably, by the firft ^ifeoverers of it, from its White Clifts {a verbs 07 yC Con], ?0'7n albnit, aK'^o?. Fejl. album.) from whence the Snowy Hills between h'rane'e and Italt are called Alpes. Af¬ terward in the times of Lucretius and Julius C.cfar, Bri¬ tannia, from Britb, which in the Old F. 'i'ijh Tongue figni- fics Painted, (for the fame reafonthat fomeofthem were B after- 2 2:i)C ^jctfut ^tate Part T. afterwards called pii?r, from Painting their Skins in a manner terrible to their Enemies^ was, about goo years after the Incarnation of Chrifl, (by Special Edift of King Egbert, Dcfccnded from the Angles, a People of the Low¬ er Saxony, in whofc Polftdlon the grcatcft Mrt of this Country then was) Named Angle or EngUlmd, thence by the Erench called Angle tetre, by theCer/nanj England, and by the Inhabitants England, CliniafCi J is situated between the Degrees 17. and 2: Longitude, Equal with Brett an) and Normandy, in Erance, and between ■jcand 56 of Northern Latitude, Equal with Flanders, Zealand, Holland, Lower Saxon), and Denmark. > advantageoufly for Traffick to all parts of the World. The Longed Day in the mod Northern part is 17 Hours, 30 Minutes, and the Shorted Day in the mod Southern parts, is almod 8 Hours long. ©imrnfions;.] it is in Length from Berwick to the Lands-End,3Sd Miles, its Diameter from Bern’ictto Ports- rnouth, 370 Miles; in Breadth from Sandwich to theLands- End, 179; in Compafs(by reafon of the many Bays and Promontories) about 1300M. in Shape Triangular; Con¬ tains, by Computation of Mr. Houghton, 39938500 of Acres, 1175951 Houfes, is almod ten times as big as the Viiited Netherlands ; five times as big as the Spanipj Nether¬ lands-, Icfs than all Italy by almod one half, and in Compari- fon of France, is as 30 to 8l. The Yearly Rentofall the Lands in England and Wales, is computed at 7500000, bcfidcs the Rent of Houfes. ©ihifion.] That part of Britain now called England, was, in the time of the Romans, Divided into Britannia prima, Britannia Secunds, and Maxima C.efarienfis, The fird of thefe contained the South part of England, the fccond all that H'ejlern pore now called Wales, and the third the Northern parts beyond Trent. When the Brit.ms had received the Cliridian Faith under King Lucius about the year 180, they divided the fame fforthe better Government Ecclefiadical) into three- Provinces, or Archbidiopricks, m<. the Archbifhoprick cif London, that contained Britannia prima, the Archbifhoprick of Torl^, which contained that part called. Maxima Cffa- rienfis ; and the Archbilhoprick of Caerkon , an ancient Parti. of ENGLAND. 3 great City of Soiiih-Waks upon the River Vike, under which was Britmma Seemda. Afterward the Heathen Sax¬ ons over-running this Country, and dividing it into 7 Kingdoms Ctlic King of Kent being firff Converted to the Chriftian Faith by St. Anjlin, who lived and was buried at Canterbury') the Archiepifcopal Secof Landm was there placed, and the other at Cmkm, was Tranflated to St. David's in Pembrol^c-pAre, and at lad Subjeftedto the See of Canterburt: The North part of England and all Scotland, was put under the Archbifhop of Toi\, and all England divided into Diocefles; and about the year 630, it was, for better Order and Government, diftinguifhed into I’arifhes, by the Care and I’ains of fhmrius Archbifhop of Canterbury, almoft 200 years before it was divided into Counties or Sliires, by King Alfred, by whom alfo thofe Shires, (fo called from the .Saton word Scyre, a Partition or Divifion^ were Subdivided into Hundreds^ which at firfl contained Ten Tythings, and each Tything Ten Families. Ac prefent, England, according to its Ecclefiaflical Ju- risdiftion, is divided firff into two Provinces, or Arch- bifhopricks, Canterbury and Tork^ thefe two Provin¬ ces into 26 Diocell'cs, which arc again divided into 60 Archdeaconries, and thofe into Rural Deaneries, and thole again into Parifhes: of which there is in both Provinces, 9913. hereof 38^5 are Churches impropriate. C H A P. ir. of the Bfhonrich of Engliliul. T KE Archbifiioprick oiCANTERBVRr is a Pro¬ vince containing almoft all the South part of England, from the Rivers Trent and Number-, itsDiocefs only part of Kent, and divers peculiar Churches amidfl other Diocefe. It was Founded by ErWiert the firff Chriflian King of the Kemif) Saxons, Anno Dorn, 596. in the Perfon of Sc, Auftin the firff Apoffle of the Englifi. Valued in the King’s Rooks at 4233 f. 18 a- 8 rf. 35. Chief Scats be- B 2 longing 4 S:ijc IDjefevu State Part I. longing to this See are Limbcth-fiuifit and Crojden Pal- lace, both in Sum}-. The Arclibilhop’s I’alace in Canter- biirj lies in ruins. The Archbifiioprick of T 0 R K'mx Province contain¬ ing the Nirth part of Englami, from Humber, Dee, and Trent; its Diocefs Torljliire and Rottinghamfljire. Was Founded about the Year 651 by E.hvin King of Ntrthum- berland in the Perfon of Paiilimis his Queen Eihelbarga's Chaplain, tlie firfl Apollle in the Northern parts of this Land. The Bifhoprick of J/.-gnftald was taken out of it by King Ecgfrid, and loft back again in ihe Danifi Wars. Value 1000 /. Chief Seat Kilhpilhorp in Torl;jhire. Bifhoprick of LONDON, Founded about the Year 6r6 by Sebert and Ethelbcrt, Kings of the Eaft and Kentiflo Naxons in the Perfon of Melitiis Apoffle of the Eajl Sax- ms. This Diocefs contains Ejfex, Middlefex, and part of Nartfirdfhire, and hath not been altered lince its firfl in- flitution. Value 1117/. 8/. 4cf. Seats London lioufe in Alderfgate-jlreet London, and Fnlbam Hoiife, Middlefex. WINCHESTER, talicn out of the Diocefs of Dor- cefler -That of Dorcefier was a large Eiflioprick whofe See was at Oorcefljr n:ar Oxftrd, Founded by Ifing.'/r or Njn- ^ils, the firfl Chriflian King of the Weft Saxons, about the Ytar 540 in the Perfon of Beriim 01 Birnius an Ita¬ lian Pricfl, who was fucceeded by Agilbert a Frenchman, promoted thereto by Remvail Son of Kingils, who after¬ wards difliking the broken and bad Engiifti of Agilbert ; divided the Bifhoprick into two; one to continue in the See of Dorcefter under Agilbert, and the other he Found¬ ed at IVINC HESTER ibouz the Year ddo in the Per¬ fon of iTina, another Frenchman, but who could fpeak bet¬ ter Englifli. Agilbert difeontented at this divifion, left England, and fo the two Bifliopricks were united again both in the Sec of H'inchejhr. King Ina afterwards ad¬ ded his Conquefis of the Sorth Saxons, and the Bifho¬ prick of Silfet to it; fo it became a vafl Bifhoprick con- tair.ing both Kingdoms of the South and Weft Saxons. But about the Year 704. Ina took out of it the Ei- fhoprick of Sherhine, which was afterwards divided into Parti. of ENGLAND. 5 into the Bilhopricks of WeSs , Rmesbury , Kirton and Boilmnn-, hut Ramesbiirf in Wilt(hire vm reunited to Skrbom in Eifiiop Herman by Edrvard the Confcjfjr. Bod- man was tranflated to St. Germans, and after tliac united with Kirtm, by King Canntiis. /Innayii the Bi- lliopriek of i'eljef was reffored to it for the South Saxons. But (fill WINCHESTER continues a larjeDioccfs contain¬ ing .ftiro and the Kies ofni;/jf, Jcr/cv, GHcrn- /ey and Aldcrna^. Value 38:5/. ■-•s. d. Seats, Ham- ham Calfie in Siirrc), Wolzefei-Hinfe in li'inchelier, Chelfej- liotife in M-ddtefex. InthcYeat 7j;3. DorceCter was again made a Bi(hops See, and its Diocefs taken out 01 Lhchf.eld. LITC HE I ELI), hounded by Ofm King of Northum¬ berland in <.\w I’crfon of Dinwrt a Scotchman. Anno 656. raifed to an Atchbifliopnck by King Ojfa in Adulph. and had Authority over I'/incheJlcr, Hereford (fy-c. But this dig¬ nity of the Sec did not futvivc/fiiid;/.’•, the See was re¬ moved, Anno 1075 to Cktlci^ and by Robert de Limeje}, Anno 1095 to Coventry, the relidencc of many of the fucceeding Eiftiops, on which account it hath now the Title of Litcbfield and Coventry. Out of this Diocefs were taken the Bifhopricks of Wor- cefler and Sidnacefter liy King Ethelrcd, and fcon after Ainu 733. Thofc ofL'kejler and Oorcefier. La(flyby H. 8. that of Chefter, which continues, as well as I'brcejicr. This Biliaoprick of Litchheld and Coventry at prefent contaiis all St.ijfordfhhe, and Darbyjhire, and part of tf'.ir- rricbfliire, and Shropfhire. Value 703 /. s r. a d. Seats Litchfeld-Clofe, and EecIcfltal Cafile in Staffcrdjhire. Sidnacefter, --and Lcieeller became atcerwards united to Dorcejler, and iJorcefler tranflated to Linccln. LINCOLN, begun at Dorcefter by Oxford, and brought hither by Remigb.s (^theSonof a t’ricffj by Order of a Synod at London, which Ordain'd, i'hat the Secs of Bi¬ lhopricks fliould be removed from final! and decayed Towns, to Cities of greater Note and Refort. It con¬ tained then the middle of England, between Thames and Humber-, but Hen. 7. took out of it the ESinioprick of Ely, and Hen, 8. thofc of Oxford and Veterborough. At B 3 this 6 Ebc IDjcfeiit gifatc Part I, this (by bclcnq cu it limlnlJiirc, LekeflerPiire, Hunting- tcnjlire, Bncl^nghninjliire, and part of Hart- fcirdpiue, being il'.e largcft Bllhoprick of England. Va¬ lue 830/. 18 s. I. d. Scats, Kugdcnin Hnntingtonfljire, and Linoln-Palacc in Ihcoln. ELT, taken out of Linctlnfliirc hy Hen. 5. tranflating bitlier //any Bifliop of Bangor-, contains only Cambtidg- yt’/Vc.Value 2134/. 15 Seats Ely-Houfe in H'dborn,Lon¬ don-, Elf-I’al.ice i n £/; -,Wisbicb Cajlle i n lVisbich,CambridgelIiirc. S AKIS BV RT, tranllaccd from Sherborne by thea- forefaid H.rman, in the reign of William the Conqueror-, contains now |{';/.'/ 7 )iiv, and Caitf/.'/re. Value 1367 I, ii s. S d. Scat, Sarisbury Palace in Wilt/hire. EXCESLER, tranllated from Kirton in 'Devonfliire, under,/.eo/i tVw bv Edward the Confeffjr-, which Kirton was taken out of' Sherborne as afore in the Perfon of Adulfh, by Edward the elder. Value f)C6l. 14/. 6 d. Seat, Enter Palace \n Exeter. WE L LS, taken out of Sherborne, and Founded by Edward the elder, Monarch of the Englif) Saxons in A- thelm, afterwards in the reign of William Rufus, the See was removed by John de VtUula to Bath, retaining to this day the Name of Bath and Wells -, contains only Soinerfetjl.ire. Value 527/. 14/. zd. Seats, Wells Pa¬ lace, and Barnwell in Someifetfhire, CHIC HESTE R, lira Founded in Sclfey, by Edil- walch the firff Chrifiian lling of the South Saxons, in Sr, WUftide. tl.e Exileci rtrclibifliop of Totf, afterwards uni¬ ted ro ((bWAyliT, and about the Year 711 divided again and redored to S;![e\, and laflly by virtue of the aforc- mentio.-.cd Synodical l/eeree at London, removed to Chi- ckefter the chief I own of the Diocefs under Eilhop Sti- gand. ft contains only SuJJex. Value 577 /. I a. 3 d. Seat, Ci-.-cieller Palace 'in Suffex. NORWICH, Founded firff ac Dunwich, Anno 6^c. by Sigibert King of tlie E.tji Angles in the Perfon of Pce- Itx a Burgundi.m-, afterwards divided into two Bifliopricks, aiX of Dunn-i:h andE/w/j.rw.Long time after this joined again l>y King Edwin in Aihclf at the See of Elmham ; removed from thence by Bilhop Herfaft in the time of William the Cceykfnr to YVr;V(/,,ind from thence 1086 byEifhop Here- parti. of ENGLAND. 7 bert to Norwcb.la tin’s Dioccfs are Norfoll^, SuffiH;_.\alue 409/. is.-jd. Seats, Kcrrokh Palace and Liidham Hall in AV/o/^. WORCESTEB. was taken o\ii o( Litchfield in the year 679. by Ethelred King of the Mercians, Bcfelas be¬ ing the firfl Bifliop; contains H'orcf/ierjldre, and part of Warreickfhire. Value lo^ol. ns. Stats, H'orceJIer Palace, and Hartlebiit} Cajlle in Warceflerjliin. HEREFORD Dioccfs was Founded Anm dSo. in Bidiop Piitta ■, contains Herefordfhire, and part of SArsf- jhire. Value 768/. loa, lod. Scar, Heiejind palace in Hereford. ROC HESTER, Founded in the Year 6c« by £t/;e/- bert firfl Chriflian King of Kent in the I’crfon cf Sc. jfu- ■ fins-, contains part of /Centonly. Value 558 /• 3 a. 8 d. Seat, Bromley-houfe in Kent, OXFORD, taken out of Lincoln, 1541 by Hen. 8. The firfl Bifhop was Robert Kjng Abbot of Otifney ; con¬ tains Oi/oroyAire. Value 354/. 16 a. 41^. Seat, Cuddef- don in Oxfordfltire. , PETERBOROVGH, taken out of Lincoln likcwife by Hen 8. Its firfl Bifliop was John Chambers, Abbot of Petirboroitgh-, contains Korth.tmptonflme, and Rntlandfhire. Value 414/. 19 a. ltd. Scats, Peterborough Cafik, and Caflor in Northamptonfiire. OLOCESTER, taken out of IForcejfer by Hen. 8. whole firfl Bifhop was John IFabeman, Abbot of Tetd^sbu- ri; canrains Olocefter/hire, Value 315/. 7 a. 2 d. Scat, Olcceller Palace in Glocefter. BRISTOL, Founded by Hen. 8. Paul Bu(h the firfl Bifliop-, contains the City of Brijlol, and County of Dor- ftlhire. Value 383 1, i s. e, d. Scat, Brijhl Palace in Somerfetljiire. L AND A F F, Founded by Dukitius its firfl EiOiop, in the reign of Aurelius Ambrofus. about the Year 450 ; contains Glamorganfhire, Moninouthfhire, Brcclyocl^Odre, and RadnorJIdre. Value 154/. 14 a. id. Sean, Mathein Pa¬ lace in Monmouthfliire, and Landaff Palace in Glamorg.rn- jhire. Sc. DAVIDS. The aforefaid DnirirrHa afterwards up¬ on the Foundation of the Arclibiflioprick of IfiaSilurum 8 SElie State Part I, or Cacrksn in Monmmhflm, was removed thither. His fucreffor in tliis See Sr. Dmit/, got it removed in tlie reign of King Arthur to Minev.r or Mender, call’d after¬ wards in lionour of this Learned and Pious Prelate who fo oppofed and vanquifl-.cd the Pr/jjMn Hcrcfy, Sr. DA¬ VIDS. This Metropolitan Sec was afterwards made fubjcfl to that of Cmterburj-, it contains I’embrotiefliire, C.:rdi^.mjJiinad Melchbom die Earl of Bai/in.;. broolii ; Tiirvc) the Earl of reterbmu^h’i ; Auifthil and cior fk'tl tlic Earl of Ailesb:ir)'s ; [Limes, Lord C.irrere(’s. Kaklljirc, Is in Snlisko-f Diocefs, no Miles circumference; con¬ tains about yxycoo Acres, and 16906 Houfes. The Air isfwcct; ihe Soil plentiful; the whole County is well ftored with Corn,Cattle,Fini,Fowl,Wool!,3nd Wood,efpccir ally Oak; its chief Rivers Tt.wner,//if and/Cetiner, It con¬ tains 140 Parilhes, and 12 Market Towns: The chief in note arc Rendini, ^aMilesfrom LWoi^forCbthand Malt;.4!'. t'itigton, a large Town, hath a Frcc-School v/cll endowed; mnia- 10 ^jcfcut &tatc Part I. for Trouts and Cm wFifli; Newbu) lot Broad- Cloth ; Farendm a Market; WMfor is famous for its Gallic wliicli is one of the King’s Palaces, and the Col¬ lege of the Knights of the Garter lituated Strongly and Pleafantly; of late curioufly adorned by King Charles H. with the excellency of modern Painting and Carving : It hath many other fine Seats, as StvaUowfeld, the Earl of Clarendm'i\ Hamjieai-tifarfial and Ajljton-Parli, the Earl of Craven's-, H'/ghtham , the Earl of Aiitngton's; Hurleji, the Lord Lo-aelace's. Kurhingijiinif^irr, In Lincdn Diacefs, in circumference rgS Miles; con¬ tains about 441000 of Acres, and 18390 of Houfes: The aVir good, the Soil rich; its principal Rivers, Tame, Oafe, audCs/n; its chief Commodities are Corn, Sheep, and Oxen. Buelttnghamjhire Bread and Beef is a Proverb for their goodnefs. It hath rSj Pariflies, and 15 Towns; the moll noted are Buckingham the Shire Town, 44 Miles from London ; Ailsburf ncir a rich Vale; Higb-Wkl^am for good building; Netvport-Pagnal lot Bone-lace; Eaton a Village within a Mile of Windfor, hath a College nobly Endowed, hath a Provoll the Reverend Dr. Zachary Cra- dock, and eight Fellows, befides Chorillers, ire. and a Frce-School new one of the mofl flourilhing in England, where are do King’s Scholars, tauglit and maintained gra¬ tis, and font yearly to the Univerfity as Places become void; Founded by Hen. 6 Its chict Scats arc Bncking- ham-Houfe, and Hhaddon-Houfe, both belonging to the late Duke of Knckingham i Che)nes, Earl of Bedford's-, Ajhdridge, the Earl of Bridge re.net's ; Latimers, Earl of Devon's ; ITing and Ethnp, Earl of Carnarvon's^ (iiiarendon, Earl of Lnckfeld's-, B'iobtn-n and Over-Windendon-Houft, Lord IVhar- CaiubjiDgelTiirf, In the Diccefs of Ef, t30 Miles in circumference; contains about 570C00 Acres, and 17347 Houfes: The Airmoift, the Soil of divers forts; itsprindpal Rivers 0‘tfe, Parti. of ENGLAND. ii Otife, Cam, and Grant-, Its Commodities, Corn mod Ex¬ cellent, Cattle, Fi(h, Fowl, and Saffron; its Manufaffnres Paper and Baskets; "Xht Northern parts is called the Ifle of El)-. The whole contains 1^3 Parilhes, and eight Mar¬ ket Towns; the mod noted are Cambridie the Shire Town, 44 Miles from London, for its noble Univerfity; Ely Billiop’s Seat, for its Minder; b'ewmarl(et, reforted to by the Court for Hunting, Racing, RojJlan for Mault ; Its chief Seats are Thorne) Abby, Earl of «cd/orifs; New- market-Houfe, Earl of Siiffolti's-, Catlidge,lord North lod Grey’s. In the Diocefs of Chefler, 111 Miles in Cir. contains about 72COOO Acres, and 24054 Houfes, is a County Palatine; the Air is wholfomc, the Soil good , the Men called the Chief of Men, are famous for Strength, the Women for Beauty ; the Gentry are here very numerous and eminent for Ancientry, Loyalty and Hofpitality; its Rivers Dec ^t]d Weever-, its Commodities, Corn, Cattle, Cheefc,Fi(h, Fowl,Mctals,Salt andMill-dones ;Contains6K Parilhes,and 13 Towns, the chiefed is the City of Chefler, 140 Miles, from L. peculiar for its Galleries, upon which the whole City is built: Nantrrkh, Middlen'ich, and Northrrkh, for Salt-Pits, Maxfield for Buttons & Congleton for Gloves: Chief Scats are Clifton,ot Roc^Savage,nndFrodsbam-Caftle, E. of Rivers’s -,. Garvsrrorth and Aldjord, E- of Mnatcsflclds ’; Dutton, Ld. Gerard’s-, Dunharn-maJJey, E. of IVarrington's. Cojnloalf, In the Diocefs of Exeter, in Cir. 150 M. contains a- bout 960000 Acres, and 25374 Iloufis: The Air is clear and diarp, the Valleys rich in Corn and Ibidure, and the Hills in Mines of Copper and Tiiin, not with¬ out Gold and Silver: The Men are .‘Strong and Eoiderous, great Wredlers, Healthy, great eaters ot Garlick This County is Enricht likewife by the great number of Filh, crpccially Pilchards, which are taken on thefe Coads; here arc Porcpifccs and Seels; its other Commodities ate 1 2 SCfje ipjffeiit Pjrt I. Frenc/) or Bearded Whear, and other Corn ; Fowl in great abundance, Woodcocks efpccially; the fine Blew Slat, which the FrenchaU Ardiis-, Tranfparcnt Pibbles, iike Diamonds; and formerly Ambcrgreefein confidera- ble quantities: here’s plenty of and Sage, Hyfop and Rqfemary, growing wild on the Sea-CIMs; as alfo Samphire, and Eringo Roots, or Roots of Sea-Holly. It hath many fafe and commodious Ports and Havens, as Falmouth, vafily Spacious, ^c. Tiie Chief Rivers are Tamer, Camel! and Falc. It contains idi Parilhes, and 27 Towns, the Chief is Launftvi, or Lancelhn, 170 Miles from For,don. Its Seats of mofl Note are Clifton, Stotv, Stnn- iuiy, (W/ion and Lanotp, all the E. of Bath's-, Truro and LauhjdrDch,E of Saitnor's-, Btc'and Carlijle, in Cir. 168 Miles; contains about 1040C00 Acres, and 1482'i Houfes: The Airis fharp, the Soil fruitful, the Hills for Feeding, and the Valleys for Corn. It has divers Rivers, the chief is In this County have been found many Rom m An¬ tiquities: Here is Fowl and Filh in great plenty; in the MulTels arc found Pearls; here are great Mines of Copper, and about Nctvland and Kgfu-'ic'lj Black-Lead is found at .'t:e/arici'likewifc, the'only place, fomc fay, for it in Europe. ItennrainsyS Parilhes, and 15 Towns; rheCity Carliflea BilTiops See, has a fine Cathedral Church,Canie, and Trade; 235 lAtks horn London: Codeermouth is noted for Broad- C!oths,i’ erth for Tanners,lf/jife-/fuw« for Coals and Salt,this havitig been a Frontier County to Scotland. The Houfes of the Nobility and Gentry, arc built for the moll part, Caftie vvife; the moft noted arc Grerjlttcb-Capie, and Drum- bugh-Caslle, Duke of NorfoU^s ; Cocl^rttmth-Caflle Duke of Somerfet's-, Noward-Cajlle, Earl of C Nation. Tliis County has abundance of Corn, Cattle, Wood, Saffron, Fowl and Fifh: ’ris of Note like- wife forCIoaths, Stuffs, and Hopps; Here is 415 Parifhes, and 21 Towns; the moft Noted are Colchefter, 43 Miles ^rom London-, a Town of great Antiquity, pretending to have given Birth to Lucius, Helena and Corfiantine the Great, the firft Chriflian King, Emprefs and Emperour in the World : ’Tis now large, and has a great Trade for White Bays, and Oyffers: Chelmsford is the Aflire Town: Harwich is Noted for its Harbour, neareft of any to Holland ; Walden for Saffron. Here, over-againft Graves- ead in fynt, ftands Tilbury-Fott, a ftrong Block-Houfe, upon the Thames. Its Chief Seats are Audlcf-end, a Noble and Royal Palace: Hew-Hatl, late Duke of Albemarle's: Bentlie, Earl of Oxford's-, Chefterford, Earl of Snjfe/il^’s; Copt-H.ill, Earl of Dorfet's ; Lee^ Priery, Earl of Afan- chejlei's-, St. OfitltjEitl of Rivers's-, Haverin^,P.3t\ of Landfefi-, Frd,znA of Litchfield and Coventry, 134 Miles in Circdmferencc; contains about £90000 Acres, and 23284 Houfes. The Air is wholfomc, the Soil fruitful, .though Hilly and Mountainous towards the South and Weft parts, the Inhabitants healthy; Old Parr of this County, lived 152 years, and tfyed Anno 1634. The Rivers Severn, Clum, Rea, Roden, Terne, Tern: Its Commodities are Whear, Barley, Cattle, Wood, Iron, Pit-Coal. It has'170 Parifhes, Part I. of E N G L A N D. 37- and 15 Towns: The Shire-Town is Shrerosbiiry, 114 miles from Lmeton-, a large, neat, populous Town. Ludhivl'K likewife well built. This being a frontier County to Walts, had the mofl Caftles of any in England, which arc now the Houfes of Nobility and Gentry; The chief are, I’epfer-Hill, the Earl of Shrewsbarfs ; Ellepncr , the Earl of Bridge- mter'i -, Stoke Caftle, the Earl of Craven's-, ShtfnalMzn- nor, thcEarlofSt.i^ord’s; High Ercall, md £;fon, Lord Vif- count A/cB’g'irt’s-, Bolfield, Lie, Lord Vifeount ILiyffiowA’s; Clmbnt), lord Herbert oi Cherbmj's. Is in the Diocefs of Bath and Wells-, 104 miles in circum¬ ference; contains about 1075000 Acres, and 446S6 Hon¬ es: Has divers forts of Air and Soil; but for the moft pare this County is very rich in Soil iind Pafturage. Its dirty ways make them fay, Bad for the Rider, good for the Ahider. Its Rivers Severn, Avon, prome, Fairet, torr, and Tone. Its chief Commodities are Corn, Cattle, Lead, Woad for Dyers, and BrijfoLStones. aVfein/rg-Hills were found rich heretofore in Lead, nowin Lapis CaUtminirU. The Oxen in this Country vie with Lanca(hire for the faireft in Eng¬ land. Its chief Manufafturcs are Cloth and Serges. Ac CAedder are the beft and larged Cheefes of England, made by the joint Stock of the whole Parifh. It has 385 Parifhes, and 30 Towns; the chief Briftol, part of which dands in this County, and part in Glmcejhr-fiire: Bath, a City emi¬ nent for its Hot-Bitlis, foveraign in Palfies, Gouts, Rheu- matifmSjWcakncfs of Nerves, and all fcrofulous Didempers: 94 miles from London. Wells, a City noted for its Cathe¬ dral Church ; the Streets well-built and populous. Thefe two Cities jointly arc a Bidiop’s Sec, Tauntm for Cloths; in making of which, 8500 Perfons are here weekly em¬ ploy’d. G/dJe/iAwy for its ancient Abbey; /Wje/fer likewife for Antiquity, Bruton for its fine Church, hVee-Schoo!,. and Hofpital. Chief Scats are Clcvedon-Court, the Earl of Brijkfs-, Bruton Court, Lord 'ViCcount Fity-Harding's Hin¬ ton St. 'George, Court of Wicl;, Kern-Court, Walton, Lord I’mlett's-, Cmington, {.ord Clijj'ora'sSomtrton, Lord , Staveeirs-} 28 &Mtc Part I. 31 Claverton,S\t William Buffett's, 40 Hoglheads of good Wine have been made in one Vintage. Is in the Diocefs of and Cownir;'; 141 mi/csin circumference; contains about 810000 Acres, and 23747 Houfes. The Air is fliarp and healthful; the Soil divers; its Rivers Trent, Churnet, Dive, Blithe, Line, Tean, Sotr, Pin^ Jllanifold. Its chief natural Commodities are Cop¬ per, Lead, Iron, Alabafter, about CaJile Hay, and Pit- Coal, of which they make curious polifhed Uteafils. Its mod confiderable Manufaflure is Nails. Ithasi5o Parifhes, and 18 Towns; the mod eminent are Stafford, the Shire and Aflizc-Town; well-built,has a Free-School; 106 miles from London ; the City of Litchfield, 94 miles from London ; ioyntly withCoveafry, isaBidwp’sSee: Hath a fine Cathe¬ dral-Church; and Burton, a'fimous Bridge. The chief Seats are B/are-Hall, the late ^ke of AlewM/J/e’s; Alton- Cadle, the Earl of Shrewsburf.s-,Mwbormgh, Earl of Bridgemater's-, Stafiord-Czdle, the Earl ol Stafford’s i Thronle}, Earl of Arglafs's-, Drajton-Baffett, Lord Vifcounc We;mouth’s-, C/wr/ey-Cadle, Lord Ferrars's', Stourton- Cadle, Lord SfoHrtim’s; Beaiidefert, Sway-Park, Dray ton, Lord Paget's ; Rolleflon , Lord North and Gref’s ; Ger- rard‘s-Bwnley,Sandon,Willowbridge, LordCerr/iri’s; Ham- fill, Ridmare, Lord Leigh’s-, Dad/ey-Cadle, Himley, Lord Ward's. Suffolk, Is in the DiocefsofAIortvicA, 140 miles in circumference; contains about 995000 Acres, and 34422 Houfes: Its Air eytceedinggood, except towards the Sea; its Soil various; its Rivers Stome, Breton, Deben, Blithe, OrrneH, &c. Its chief Commodities arc Butter exceeding good, and Chcefe in great plenty. Its Manufaflure Woollen and Linen-Cloth. It hath 575 Paridies, and 30 Towns; the chief Jpfmich, 55 miles from London-, large, populous, well-traded,, and cleanly; hath a Frec-School and Library. St.Edmondf- bury is noted for its Frec-School, and themajeftickRuines Part T. of ENGLAND^ 2p of 'ns magnificent Abbey 5 Bfcyey and Buddefdale Free- Schools, of good foundation; Hitdleiih, Lavenbm, and Milden-Had have fine Churches. This County hath above 40 Parks. Its chief Seats are Eivjfon-Hall, Duke of Graf¬ ton's h Chrift-Chnrch in Ipfwkh, Siidkrn-ttiW, Earl Sobm's Lodge, Lord Vifcounc Hereford’s-, Den/Mm-Hall, Lord Vif- count Totfnfliend's-, Toftocl^flace, Lord A'orfi and Cre/sj Broim-HiW, Culford Hall, Lord Cornwallk'u ^urrcp. Is in the Diocefs ollVindefter, 11 1 miles in circumference j- contains about 502000 Acres, and 34218 Houfes. The Air is fweet; the Soil not very fertile towards the middle, but rich in the Skirts. Its Rivers Mole, which runs under-ground a mile, Wmdle, Wey. Its Commodities Corn, Box, Walnuts, and near KyegateFuIlcrs-Earth; it is worth 41/. per Bulhel at the Pitt. , It has i4oPari(hcs, and 9 Towns; thechiefeft aretht-^roughof Souihrtrai\, Guild¬ ford, the Aflize-Town, 25 miles from London. Kin^on has a fine Bridge; atCroyrfsnisthe Archbilhop’s Summer-Palace, a Frce-School and Hofpitalfounded by Archbifhop Whirgift ; near it are Banflead-Doms, frequented for Hunting and Racing. Chief Seats are Richmond, Nonfuch, and Otlandi: Palaces Royal; Albwry and iViryhidge, Duke of Norfol^s ; Wimbleton, Hiitqmkol Carmarthen's-, Rorrhampton, the Earl of Vevonjhire's-, Hurd ante, Earl of Ber^fe/s; Ftanchford, Earl ofPiimoiirlj’s; Ryegate, Earl o( Monmouth's-, Towtihg- gravney. Lord North and Grey's ; Pepper-harrore. Lord Hoi- ik's. At Epfom are celebrated Medicinal Waters; fo like- wife at Dulwich, where is a College and Hofpital for a Ma- fter, 4 Fellows, 12 poor Men and Women^ and as many poor Boys; a Chaplain, School-Mafter, and Ulhcr. Ac Nonfuch is a Vein of Earth fit to make Crucibles. Is in the Diocefs of Chichefter ;' 15 8 miles in circumference; contains about 1140000 Acres, and 21537 Houfo. The Airis thick, yet efleem’d heathful; the Soil rich, the Land low, the ways in Winter deep. It has divers Rivers; but the .0 EljC'pjffcnt &tate Parti, the mod confiderable i; Arm. Its Commodities Corn, Cattcl, Malt, Wool), Wood, Iron, Ciialk, Killi and Fowl; among which, tlie delicate Wheat-ear Bird is peculiar to this County: A Suj^ex Carp, an Arundel Mullet, a Ckkhcjler Lohfier, an Amerley Trout, are famous. Its chief Manu- fadtures are great Guns, and Glafs, Here are j i a Parifhes, and id Tosvns; the chief is Cbichejler, a Bifhop’s See, 50 miles from Bondsn; hath a fine Cathedral Church. Lewii is a large Town, svere the Alfizes arc generally held. Chief Seats are Arundel-Cidk, Duke of Morjo/I^’s; Pemorth place, theDukeofSuwer/jt’s; Buckhurft, Stmeland, Earl of Dor- fet'v, ZoSbrmli, Earl of ThanetCs-, Herjhmticeux, Eari of Suffex'i 5 B.-ir/Ie-Abbey, Coredrey, Poyning!, Lord Vifeount Montague's-, Bridge, Lord Abergavenny's-, Vpp-Parl^, Lord CreyodVarh's-, IJield, Lord//odo’s. cUartoickl^irf, Is in the Diocefs of IVorceller,ind of Liicbfeld and Coventry-, 13s miles in circumference; contains about dyoooo Acres, anJ2i973 Houfes. The Air is excellent, the Soil rich: Its principal River is Avon: Commodities, Corn, Malt, Wooll, Wood, Iron, Coal, and Cheefe. The medicinal Water of li/emen/Mw is purgative with Salt, and adringent with Sugar, it hath 158 I’arilhes, and 17 Towns; the chief is the fair and large City of Coventry, a County of it felf; 74 miles from London ; Warrncl;, the Shire and Af- fize-Town, 68 miles from London-, hath aFrec-School for Youth,and a College for decay’d Gentlemen; Within z miles ofthisTown is a fait and frcili Spring, within an Ell of one another. Cirmiug/wwi is noted for curious Manufaflurcs in Steel, Pollejwortb its School. Chief .‘'catsare A/idcor-Houfe, Earl of Darfei's ; Compton, Earl of Northampton's ; Neiven- ham-padox, Earl of Denbigh's-, Wormleighton, Earl of Sunder- land's-. Combe, Earl of Craven's-, AVivel Grange, Earl of Plimoiith's-, Ellington, Lord ferreri's-, Warm(;;Cafilc, Knomle, Beauchamp-Court, Lord Bro3<;j’<; Stonely, Fletcham- lie.-td, Lord L-:igh's ; IVottinmaiten, Alne-Lodgc, Lord Car¬ rington's. Part I. of E N G L A N D. 51 Isinthc Diocefs of Chejler and Carlt/le-, no miles in circumference j contains about 510000 Acres, and 6505 Houfes. The Air is (harp, the Soil not very good, moun¬ tainous and moory: The South parts are beft. Rivers Eden, Can, Emm, Lon. Its chief Commodity and Manu- faflure is Cloth. Here’s id Parilhes, and 8 Towns the cb\d arc liendall, loi miles from London-, a rich populous Town, hasa Frce-School wcllendowed, and drives a great Trade in Woollen-Cloth, Cortens, Drugets, Serges, Hats, and Stockings. Ejrbji-Lanfdall is a large Town, has a fair Church, Stone-Bride, and good Trade for Cloth: Appleby has a Frec-School and Hofpltal. Chief Seats ate Arn(head~ Toner, and Betbam-Hnll, Earl of Derby's ; AppUby-Cadle, Brongh-Cidk, Broughnm-Cadle-, Pendrngon-CaHle, the Earl Tlimet's -, Wharton-HaW, Lord V/karten's. aUltfliirc, Is in the Diocefs of Saliibnry, 140 miles in,circumfe¬ rence contains about 876000 Arres, and 17093 Houfes. Apleafantand healthful Air and Soil; the Men are War¬ like and hardy : Its Rivers Ifis, Kenner, Avon, IVH/y, and ladder. I« chief Commodities are Sheep, Wool!, Wood-, and choice Rabbets of j4n!wrn-CI)afe. Here’s Knot-Graft, ordinarily 15, fometimes 20 foot long: Its long Knots will fat Swine. The Woollen Manufafture of this County is very great; it has 304 Parilhes, and 23 Towns, befidcs the City of SdUbmp ; 70 Miles from London ; which has one of the fineft Cathedral Churches in tiic World, founded by Ofnald Bifhop thereof, but built by Reger his Succcflbr: It has as many Doors as Months, Windows as Days, and Pillars as Hours in the Year: Its Steeple is the higheft Spire of England: Mod of the Streets of this City have Ri- vulets running all along through them. Near it is the famed Wonder of Stonehenge: the (Irange Caves between iwlyngfon 4nd Bidmington , arc fuppofed to have been the Tombs offome great Warriours. Hendon and Clippen- bum have great Markets. Its chief Seats are Marlbonngh- Haufe, 32 S:i)£ pjefm S>tnte Parti. Houfe, and Al/ington-Houfe, the Duke of Smerfii’s-, Ed- dingtin, the Duke of Bolton's-, Wilton and Fitljlon, or FaU krfdotpn, tlie Earl of Pembroke's-, Chitrleton, the Earl of terki-, Loogleet, Lord W'xkoamWefmoiith's-, lVardoitr-CaHk, hotd Arundel of Wiirdon's-, Dmerlmn, Lord Hollis's, aio^cefferfljirr, Is inWercejier Diocefs-, 130 miles in circumference: contains about jaoooo Acres, and 10634 Houfes: The Airfweec, the Soil rich for Tillage and Paflurage, efpeci- ally the Vale of E-ueflmm. Its Rivers Severn, Avon, Team, &c; Its Commodities, Lampreys. Cheefe, Cyder, Perry, Cherries, Salt. Here are 151 Parifhes, and 11 Towns; the chief is the City of iTorceJIer, H miles fromLendon; a Bi- fhops Sec; has a fine Cathedral Church, and great Cloth- Trade. Sturbridge is noted foir its Free-School and Library, and Idjdderminjler for Stuffs. Chief Scats are Grafton , the Earl of Shrewsbury's-, Lenchwkk., the Earl of Craven's-, Crombe-Cturt, Alesboroiigh, Severn-Stol^, and Fcekenham- Lodge, the Lord Coventr/s. go^kf^irr, Is in Tork Diocefs, gao miles in circumference ; con¬ tains about 3770000 Acres, and i d 6151 Houfes. The Air divers, the Soil generally rich. ’Tis divided into Three Ridings, Eaft, North, and Weft, which is the largeft. Its Rivers Humber the conflux of many. Are, Caldor, Dun, Derwent, Hide, Oufe, Swall, Toure, Warf Tees. Its Commodities Corn, Cartel, fineHorles, Allum, Jett, Lime; Fi(h, Herrings near Scarborough-, Iron about Sheffield-, Goats at Sureby. ItsManufafturcs Cloth, Stockings, Knives, and Spurrs. In the North-Riding is a Traft of Land called Richmondffiire, whofe Hills afford Lead, Copper, and Pit- Coal. Its chief Town Richmond. Here is in all 563 Pa- rifti-Churchcs, with many Chappcls of Eafe, and 49 Towns; the Shire-Town Tori;, 150 miles from London, is the Second City of England, large and beautiful; hath in the middle of it a noble ^tone-Bridge over the River Oufe, all of one huge Arch: Tis enclofed with a ftrong Wall; con- [parti. of ENGLAND. 33 Icontains 50 Churches and Chappcis, hcfidcs a Magnificent lcathedr.il Church; is an Arch-BiHiops See. This City is governed by a Mayor who has the Title of Lord, wliich ; no other Mayor lias but he of Lmdon. Hull, ocherwifc called Kingjion upon Hill, is one of the moff impregnable Fortrefles of England. Sheffield is noted for Smith’s T rade; Kitlmam for three Schools; Firft for Languages, Second forMufick, Third for Writing; Knareibomgh for Medi¬ cinal Waters; Doncajler for knit Waficoats, Gloves, and Stockings; Leeds for Clothiers; Sherimi (or hi free School; PontefmS, Knareskroiigh, anti Ripley for Liquorice; Rip- pm for Clothiers, and Spur-maktrs; Borwghbridge has near it four huge Pyramidal Stones, a Monument of Anti¬ quity. Here are many excellent Harbours, as Scarbirngh, famous likewife for its Medicinal Spaw-Waters; Burling¬ ton, &c. Chief Seats arc Sheffield Mannor, Duke of AV- folhV, H'rcJJel-Ca((k, Duke of Somerfei's-, SUngsbp-Cidk, late Duke of Nemcajl/e's-,''Bolton-Ciflk, and Wo/tiw-Hall, Duke of Bo/fon’s; Thornhil, Marquifs of Hallifax'i-, Kke- ton, Tooi-p-Hali, lFo/d-Hall, Oa^ione-Hall, Ald- warli. Mutton, Hemborough-Rhhcy, Earl of FauH;enberg's-, Aflon, Aiighton, IFa/ea-Mannor, Hardivkk., Lord Connyer’s; £a/A)-Hal|, Lord Bure's ; Aflr, and //etogA-Mannor, Lord IVharron's ; Wheldrahe, Lord Homard of Eferich's 5 Holm ill Spalding-PAoot, and Vialton, Lord Langdale's-, Il'i/ton-Cafllc, Lord Cornrcallis's. WALES 34 Elje pjefeHft &tate Parti ' WALES i> h severally divided into Twelve Counties. ' ainglfft}', ; I S in the Diocefs of Bmgir, go Miles in Circumferenccij contains about 200000 Acres, and 1840 Houfes: As Jfland incompaffed by the /ri/h Sea on all tides but tht: South-End, where it is parted fromCuinamnby the Ri-■ ver Menai. How barren foever it looks, ’tis neverthelefi called The Mother of Wales for the plenty of good Wheat it produces, and here are Mill-Stones ^good ftore^ to grind it. Here, as in Rumneji-Marjlt in lient, and othetj parts of England, are great Timber Trees found lying; along under Ground, black like Ebony, and fit for u(c! when dried in the Sun. Its principal Commodities are.i Corn, Cartel, Filh, and Fowl, It has 74 Parilhes, and^ two Towns; the chief Beaumaurice, 184 Miles froni; Dindon, well built, and a good Harbour for Ships. 53?ccknock=f5irr, j Is in Landaff Diocefs, 106 Miles in Circumference;! contains about 620000 Acres, and 5904 Houfes. Its| Mountains are barren, but its Valleys very Fruitful. Its I principal Commodities arc. Corn, Cattel, Filh, and fome Otter Furr. It hath 61 Parilhes,and 4 Towns; the chief 7ireclenocl(_, 124 Miles from I.onrf(in; at the meeting of the Rivers f/odney and Vsl^. Tis a well built Town where the Afllzcsare kept, and hath a good Trade for Clothing. Its chief Seats are, Criddiotpel-Cidk, and Tretome-Cadle, the Duke of Beaufort's. CTaroiganrf^ire, Is in the Diocefs of St. David's, 94 Miles in Circum¬ ference; contains about 520000 Acres, and 3163 Houfes; A plen- Part I. of E N G L A N D. 35 A pleniiful Country, abounding with Corn, Cattle, Fowl, Filh, and Lead. Here have been found Mines of Silver^ and rhofe pieces of Coin which have the Prince of Witlei'i Arms on them, Three Ojltich Feathers , are of this Silver. It hath 77 Parifhes, and 4 Towns. The Shire and Aflizc Town Cardigan, is pleafantly feated on the River T)iv)e, over whicli it has a fair Stone Bridge. Tis a large populous Town, Walled about and Fortified with alCaftle; hath a fair Church, and is 148 miles from London. CarniartljEn^fliire, Is in the Diocefs of Sc David's, ici Miles in Cir¬ cumference ; contains about 700000 Acres, and 5351 Houfes; not fo Mountainous as other Counties in Wales ; abounds with Corn, Grafs, Cattle, Salmon, Wood, Pit- Coal, and the beft Lead. Here are 87 Parifhes, and 8 Towns. The Shire and Afl'iZe Town is Carmarlirn, upon the River Toroji, with a large Bridge. Here is a Mayor, 2 Sheriffs and Aldermen, all in Scarlet Gowns, with o, ther Enfigns of State, 178 Miles from London. Its Chief Seats are Golden Grose, and Eml)n, the Earl of Carbarfs, Carnarban^f^in’, Is in the Diocefs of Bangor, i to Miles in Circumfe¬ rence; contains about 370000 Acres, and 1765 Houfes; i; very flrong by Nature, with fpiry Hills, the highefl in all Wales ; is plentiful in Cattle, Fowl, Filh, and Wood. It has 68 Parilhes, and 6 Towns, all Havens- Carnatvan is the County Town, 180 Miles from London. l©cnbiglp(5ire. Is in the Diocefs of St. Afaph, Miles in Circumfe¬ rence; contains about 410000 Aere^l and 6398 Houfes, The Eaji part is naturally fruitful, and the Well impro¬ ved with the Afhes of burnt Turf. The Inhabirants are Cheerful ind long Lived. Here is plenty of Rye or A,- mel-Corn, Goats, and Sheep, and near Aftin^/^t/;, of Lead: It hath 57 Pari/jies, and 4 Towns, the chief Denbigh, P a which 3 5 Sljc 5)?crcnt ^tate Rirtl.i which hath a moft impregnable Caftle. This is a Town of good Trade for Tanners and Glovers; U'rexhm has a neat Cliurch and lofty Steeple; fib/r-Cafile, is the Seat of the Earl of Daiiy. Is in the Diocefs of St ylfipb, 82 Miles in Circumfe¬ rence; contains about 160000 Acres, and 3150 Houfes. Its Vall-ys are very fruitful, and its Inhabitants long Lived. The cliief Commodities are fmail Cattle, Butter, Cheefe, J’it Coal, Lead, Mill-Stones, and Honey, with which they make good ftore of Metheglin. It hath 18 Parifiics, and 3 Towns. the Shire Town, is (ofmall that it hath not a Market, yet it hath a noble Caflle, though now ’tis old and Ruinous. Sc Afaph is an anci¬ ent Epifcopal See, upon the River £/ivy, 159 Miles from London. C.yervis is the only Market Town in the Coun¬ ty, every Village being well fiirnilhedof it felf. Sr.lVin- frid'i Well, hard by, is of note for euring Aches, and Lameneffes. Over the head of this Spring is a curious Free-Stone Chappel, 150 Miles from London. C3lamo^gan*fI)irf, Is in landujf Diocefs, ill Miles in Circumference; con¬ tains about ^aoooo Acres, and 9644 Houfes. The Korth part is .Mountainous, the South a fruitful Valley called Tlx GitrdenofVAiles. ItschiefCommoditiesareCorn. andCat- tel. Here arc 118 Pariflies, and 9 Towns. Ltndaff, 116 Miles from £.W:«, the Eifliop’s See, is a City, but fo fmail it hath not a Market. The chief Seats arc, Sivnn- t;e9-C3flle, the Duke of Beaufort's ; Curdijf-Caflle, and Caer- phillyC-idk, the Earl of Pcmbrolte's, Ce)i)-Cafile, the Earl of Leicifter's. At Nemon is a Well which fwclls up when the Sea Ebbs, and finks as the Flood cncrcafes, f®frionftl)5(5iiT, Is in the Diocefs of Bangor, 108 Mile-sin Circumfe¬ rence; contains about 500000 Acres, and 1500 Houfes; jxtrcamly Mountainous, and the Mountains ficepy. Tlie Inliabi- Parti. of ENGLAND. 37" Inhabitants are very Comely. It abounds with Sheep Filh, Fowl, and wrought Cottons, It has 37 Parilhcs, and three Towns. The chief Harlech, 168 Milts from London, of Note heretofore for its ftately Caflle. ^ontgomerp^f^irc. Is in the Diocefs of St. David’s, 94. Miles in Circum¬ ference-, contains about 560000 Acres, and 5660 Houfes. Delightful with many Hills and fruitful Valleys, breeds very good Horfes, and plenty of Goat-. It hath 47 Pa- rilhes, and 6 Towns. A/onrgowery th-; Shire Town, ilo Miles from London, is pleafantly Seated, and hasafirong Caflle. Its chief Seats are Fotvir-Caflle, and Hall, the Marquifs of Ponis's -, Lfjmore-Lodge, and Lifw, Lord Herbert's of Cherbitry. I&tmb^okr(Iiivf, Is in the Diocefs of St. David's, 53 Miles in Circumfe¬ rence; coi'.tains about aacoco Acres, and 4329 Houfes, The Eafi part is very pleafant, and the whole County plentiful in all necelTarics for Life. Part of it is Inhabi¬ ted by Flernwir, placed here by Hen. iji. Their Coun¬ try is called Little England beyond Wales, Here is plenty of Fidi, Fosvl, Pit-Coal, and Marl. It has 45 Parifhes, and 9 Towns; Pembroke the ShireTown, 195 Miles from London, is well Inhabited by Gentlemen and Tradcfmen, Fortified with a Wall and flrong Caflle ; St David's, the Epifcopal Sec, whofe Cathedral-Church was eminent for the highefl Roof in England, was once a City of good ac¬ count, but now fo ruined that it is not a Market Town. - 3Ralinoj>l5irc, Is in the Diocefs of Hereford, 90 Miles in Circumfe¬ rence; contains about 310000 Acres, and gisSHoufe.s; Hath great varieties of Air and Soil, flored with .Woods, Ri¬ vers,and Mcers. Its chief Commodities arc Cheefe 8c Horfes. Ir has 52 Pariflies, and 4 Towns. Radnor theShireTown, ! 19 Miles from London, hath a Caftle. Prejlain is a large, D 3 well- 5$ Eljc ^pjcfcnt @)tace Parti. xvell-built Town, where the Aflizes arc held, ii6 Miles from Loitdolu . Here are in all 25 Cities, 750 great Towns called Mar* itet Towns, 9913 Parilhes, feme of 40 or 50 Miles Circu- it, 6 i Forefts, and about 500 Parks. The Rents of all the Lands in England and Wales is valued at about Sooocco 1 . per annum, and of Houfes a- bout half as much; and the Judicious Sir William Fett] efteems the People and Territories of the King of Engi land to be naturally near as confidcrable for Wealth and Strength as tliofc of Erance, and that a tenth part of the Whole Expence of the King of England's Subjefis, is fuffi- cient to maintain yearly lococo Poor, jrcoo Horfe, 40000 Seamen, and to defray all other Charges of the Government both ordinary and extraordinary if the fame \vere regularly Taxed and Raifed. Polit. Ariih. p. 101. England, without Wales, is divided into fix Circuits, allotted to the 12 Judges to hold AKizes twice a year. It is alfo divided by the King’s Juflices in Eyre of the Foreft, and by the Kings at Arms into AWj and South-, that is, all Counties upon the North and South fide of Trent. CHAP IV. Of its Air, Soil, gnd Commodities. Sir*]) "T’’ H E Air is far more mild and temperate fif X not more healthy) than any part of the Con¬ tinent under the fame Climate. , By reafon of the warm Vapours of the Sea on every fide, and the very often Winds from the huge Wc\lern Sea, the cold in Winter is lefs (harp than in (omc p.arts of France and Italy, which yet arc feated far more Sou¬ therly. And by reafon of the continual ElaRs of Wind from SSa, the very often interpofition of Clouds betwixt the Sun and Earth, and the frequent Showers of Rain, the Heat in Summer is lefs fcorching than in feme parts of the Cpnti- Lrtl. of ENGLAND. 39 Continent that lie much more Ifortlmard, where neither Bain nor Clouds appear for feme Months, and not much Wind felt. As in Summer, the gentle Winds and frequent Show¬ ers, qualifie all violent Heats and Droughts, and make the Day pieafant; fo in Winter iheNights arc moftly fe- fcne and briglir, and the Frofts do only meliorate the Cultivated Soil, and the Snow keeps warm the tender Plants- In a word, here is no neceflity of Stoves in Winter, nor Grotto’s in Summer. ^Oil.] It is blclTed with a very fertile wholfom Soil, I watered abundantly with Springs and Streams, and in di¬ vers parts with great Navigable Rivers; and many more Rivers might ealily be made Navigable; It hath few bar- [ ren Mountains and craggy Rocks, but generally gentle I pleafant Hills rifing with cafy afeents, and fruitful Val- I leys, apt for Corn, Grafs, or Wood. The excellency of [ the Eng/i/J; Soil may be Icarn’d ( as Kurro advifed of I oldj fromihe Complexion of the Inhabitants, whotherc- ] in excel all other Nations; or clfe from the high value j put upon it by the Rom.’.ns and the Saxoits. who looked upon it as fuel) a precious fpot of Ground, that they { thought is worthy to be fenced in, like a Garden-Plat, ' with a mighty Wall, of Fourfeore Miles in length, I'n- ! from Tinmoiith on the German Sea, to Solma^-Frilh on the Iiijl) Sea, and witli a mondrous Dike of Ninety Miles, nil. from the mouth of tite River W)e, to tliar of the River Dee. Lallly, the excellency ot her Soil may alfo be learned from thofe Tranfccndant Eulogies bedowed on licr by Ancient and Modern Writers, who called England, The Granary of the Wedern iVorld, The Seat of Ceres, i^c. That her Valleys arc like Eden, her Hills WktLeb.mon, iter Springs as Pifgah, and her Rivers as Jordan : That (lie is a Paradife of Pieafure, and the Garden ot God. 0 fr- tunala ((yy omnibm terrir he.itior Britannia te omnibw CeeTi ac Soli ditavit Natura : tibi nihil inef qmd vitsof 'endat, ti- bi nihil dee}] qmd vita defideret ; ita m alter 'Orbit extra Oibcm poiu ad delict as human generis videar'ts. “ Oil happy “ and blefled Britain ! above all Countries in the World, “ Nature hath inrich’d thee with all the Bkdings of Hea- “ ven and Earth: Nothing in thee is hurtful to Man’s 0 4 Eife, 40 iCIic JDjcfciit &tatc Part I “ Life, nothing wanting in thee that is definable; infamuc's “ that tliou feemefi another World placed befidcs,or witl> “ out the great World, meerly for the delight and pleafurt “of Mankind. As it it divided from the reft ol the World, fo by reafon of its great abundance of all things nccelTary for the Life of Man, it may, without the Contribution of any part of the World , more eafily fiibfift than any of its Neighbouring Countries. Term f:iii antema b nU, "w ind'tg:^ mercif. Firfi, For wholfom fubfiantial Food, what plenty e- very where is here of Sheep, Oxen, Swine, Fallow-Deer, Coneys and Hares? It wants iiotRed-Deer,Goats, nor Rocs. What abundance are here of Hens, Ducks, Gcefc, Turkeys, Pigeons,' and Larks? Of Partridge, Pheafants, Plovers, Teals, Widgins, Thrufhes, Merles, Field-fares, Oufles,or Black birds, Wild Ducks, Wild-Geefe,CoaI-Geefe, Swans, Peacocks, Buntings, Snipes, Quails, Woodcocks, Lap. wants not Sandling, Knot, Curlew, Eayning, Dot¬ terel, lioe. Cur, Ruff, Maychit, Stint, Sea-Plover, Pewits, Red-fhanl:s, Rails, and Wheat-ears, Herons, Cranes, Bitterns, Bullards, Puffins, God-wits, Heath-Cocks, Moor-pouts or Groufe-Thrufhes, and Thrurtles. Then for Fiffi, what plenty of Salmons,Trouts, Lam- perns, Loches, Gudgeons, Carps, Tenches, Lampreys, Pikes, Perches, Eels, Breems, Roches, Dace, Flounders, Plaice, Shads, Mullets, Kingllones, Dorees? 1 VVhat great abundance of Herrings, which in former times kept thcmfelvcs altogeth.er about Norm), but of late take their rounds about Mid Summer to Satimd, Ju¬ ly to Scarborough in Torl^JJ.ire, afterwards to the Toame! mouth, and fo round about by Ireland back into the AVr/j Seas in ircrediblc Shoals; as on thefe Coafls are Jikewife of Mackrel, Whitings, Cods, Gurnets, Haddocks, Pilrhards, Sprats, Oyflers for goddnefs and number al- moft incredible? We h-avc great plenty likewife of Lobllers, Crabs, Shrimps, Prawns, Miifclcs, Cockles, Efcalops, Cray-filli, ^r. '■ We Part I. of E N G L A N D. ■ Wc want not Soles, Conger, Turbets, Scate, Tliorn- backs, Mades, Smelts, Jyt- How doth England abound with Wheat, Barley, Rye, Pulfe, Beans, and Oats, with excellent Butter and Cheefe, Honey, Safl'ron, and many other choice Commodities for Food,Medicine, and Plcafure > The Fields are fufficiently full of Tares, Vetches, Clovcr- grafs, Hop-Clover, Sanfoil, Raygrafs, Trefoil, Cinquefoil, Hops, Wood, Flax, Hemp, Rape-feed, Lucern, Dant- Flax, Canary-feed, MuRard-feed, {Jye. For Drinks, England abounds with Beer, Ale, Syder, Perry, Metheglin or Mede, Brandy, made cither of Mault or Apples, (frc. Here is great plenty of excellent Fruit. Fields, Woods and Hedges, are (lored with Apples, Pears, Cherries, Plums, Wallnuts, .Small-nuts, ChcRnuts, Filberts, Straw¬ berries, Bullacc, Sloes, Cralrs for Verjuice, Blackberries, Huc'ieberries, Dewberries, Elderberries, Services, and the like. Bur in Orchards ;md Gardens you have for Apples, the Pippin Keniifli, flirlm, Golden Ruffes, Holland, French, Pear-main, Reiner, Deux-ans or John, Queening, Grcen- I'r.g, July-flower, Harvey-Apple, Marigold, Early-ripe fu- iicttings, and Quodlings, and innumcrahlc many cxccHcnt forts for Syder, as Red-ftrcak, Gcnet-Moyle, gjrc. For Pears, tile Summer and Winter Eon-Chretienne, the Bergamot, Poppering, Etcurics, Orange, Greenfield, Windfor, Lording, Mclllrc-Jean, Sugar, Mufque, Catha¬ rine, Warden, and forty others. For Plums, Pear-Plum, Damlons, Damazens, Muffel, Perdrigon, Date, Imperial, St- Julian, Morocco, Great Anthony, Turkey, &c. Cherries ; May Cherries, Kcntifli, Black Cherries, Fle- mifh. Carnation, Morelia, Elack-Dukc, Hcartlib, Corne¬ lians, Black Heart, Morocco, Egrior, (^rc- Peaches: Nutmegg, Ifabella, Newington, Mufeat, Vi¬ olet, Roman, Rambouiller, Crown, Bourdcaux, Malacocon, Mignon, Alberge, Syon, Orleans, (h/c. Apricots divers forts. _ fleSnrines; Murry, Tawncy, Red, Roman, Green, Vellow. Grapes: 42 %\)t State Part J. Graces: Ambois, Burgundian, Corinth, CIufter-Grapcs, Frontinac, Mufcacs, Early-bicw, Raifon, Parflty, fyc. Figt: Scio, White and Purple, Yellow, Dwarf, Blew, lire. ilumces : Earbary, Brunfwick, Portugal. Goofeberriis: Cliryflal, Early-red , Amber, Englilh Yellow, White, Dutch. Corinths all forts, Strao’berries: Common Wood, Englidi Garden, Virgi¬ nian, White Coped, Long, red. Green, Scarlet, Polonian. All forts of Rafpisy AP-ilbeirm, Berberries, Medlars, Seriiices,Suinces, Filberts.&c. The Kitchin-Garden affords many excellent Dilhcs, not only of pleafmt Fruit, but of fubffantial Food; as Afparagus, Artichoaks, Alifanders, Beans, Kidney and Lupine Beans of all fortsp Beets,C3bbagc,Cardons,Carrots, Cauler-flcwcrs, Clary, Cucumbers, Endive, Gourds of all forts. Lettuce of all forts, amonglf ’em that deliciousonc of Silefia, thrives here as if it were its Original Soil, Me¬ lons of all forts, Mekins,Parfnips,Pcafe ofall forts. Pota¬ toes, Pompions, Radifh ofall forts, Rochambole,Scirrcts, Scorzonera, Sellery, Savoy, Turnips- Nor doth every common Olitory want Baulm, Bafil, Bales, Borrage, Buglofs, Chervil, Cole-worts, Corn Salad, CrelTes all forts. Fennel, Garlick, Hyfop, Horfc-radidi, Lavender, Leeks, Marjoram, Marigold, Mint, Naflurti- ums. Onions, Parfley, Purdain, Peny-royal; all forts of Pot-herbs, and edible Roots, and Salad; Rofemary, Sage, Savory, Scurvy-grafs, Sliallot, Spinage, Succory, Sorrel, Thyme. The Flower-Garden hath Africans, Alaternus, Agnus Callus, Almond-Trecs, Aloes, Amaranth, Amomum Pli- nii, Anemonies, Arbutus, Auricula’s, Balfamina, Balfamum Mas, Barba Jovis, Belvedere, Bottles, Box, Chalcedon, Candy- uf.s, Canna Ind Caplicum, Carnations, Chami-Iris, Chamika, Ciffus, Cloves, Colchicum, Columbine, Con¬ volvulus, Crocus, Cedrus Libani, Crown Imperial, Cya- iiu<. Cyclamen, Cyprefs, Cytifns, Dafl'odils; Extoics and Ever-greens of innumerable many forts; Foxgloves, French Marigolds, Fraxinclla, Fritillaria, Firrs, Gentia- nclla. Geranium, Gladiolus, Hedyfarum, Hepatica, Holy- Parti. of ENGLAND. 43 hoc, Holly-ftriped, Humble-plant, Honey-fuckles, Hyacinth, jafmines, Iris, Junquills, Larks-fpur, Lentifcus, Lilies, Limon-Trccs, Lupines all forts. Lychnis, Laurels, Lau- rullinus. Laburnums, Marum Syriacum, Marragon, Ma¬ tricaria, Mczerion, Mirabilc Peru, Mufcaris, Mufripula, Myrtils all forts, Nigella, Oleander, Orange-Trees, Olive- Trees, Peonies, PalTion-fiower, PoIyantha;a, Phillyrea, Pinks, Ponigranate, Pomum Amoris, Poppies double, Pyracantha, Platanu:-, Primula, Ranunculus, Rofcs all forts, bcfide the Monthly Rofe, blowing in the midli of Win¬ ter; Sea-Ragwort, Spanidi-Broom, Sena, Stock-gillitlowcrs, Sweet-Scabious, Sweet Sultan, Sweet-Williams, Senfitive- plant, Tragacantha, Tulips, Tuberofc, Valerian, Venus Looking-glafs, Navel-wort, Violets, Wall-flowers, ijc. But many of the Exoticks are houfed in Winter; and if fo, there is fcarce any Plant in the World but will thrive here, witnefsthe Indinn Pig-Tree, bearing ripe Fruit; and many other curious Exotick Plants in thofe two cele¬ brated Phyfick-Gardens, that of the Univerfity of Oxford, and of tlic London Apothecaries in Cbf//ey. The Woods arc not only flock’d with large and dura¬ ble loer Trees and Pollards, Alder, A(h, Beach, Birch, Chellnut, Elm, Oak, Yew, but every where with Medicinal Herbs, which grow plentifully likewife in every Foreft, Lawn, Shaft and Hedge; and what of Pltyfical Druggs the Woods and Fields want, the Good- wifes Garden for the mofl part fupplies. Alchoof, Angelica, Annis, Adders-tongue, Avens. Eetony, Birth-wort, Biftort, Broom, Bryony, Burnet, Brook-lime, Blood wort. Bugle. Chamcmil, Carduus, Centory, Comfrey, Celandine, Cammock, Colts foot, CowHjp-flowers. Cummin. Dane-worr, Dill, Dodder,Drop-wort, Devils-bit. Egrimony, Elder, Epithymum, Eye-biight, Enulacam-. pane. Fennel, Flea-wort, Fumitory, Feather-few. Germander, Gromel. Hellcbor^ Horc-hound, Hartt-tongue. juniper. Ivy. Knee-holm, Knot-'grafs. Lung-wort, Liver-worr, Lily of the Valley. Madder, 44 Sljc pjcfeiit State Part I, Madder, Maidcn-iiair, Mallows, Mclilot, Meffelroeof Oak and Hazel, bcficle clia: on Fruit-Trees, Mug-wort, Moufe-ear. Orris. ' Plantain, Polypody, Pellitory of the Wall, Poppies. Rofa-folis, Rue, Rhubarb. Sc. Johnsworr, Spurge, Saxifrage, Scabious,Seordium. Tormentil, Tanfic. Violets, Vervain. Worm-wood, Wild time, Wood-forrcl. Zedoary, ^c. Now of all cheie things, there is fuch a conffant conti¬ nuance, by reafon of the Clemency of the Climate, tiiat fcarce thclcalf Famine-, which frequcr.teth other Countries, hath been felt in Erjhmi thtfe . oc years. Then for K.-imwir, Engird produerth generally, not only very fine '.Vooll, -.vliK'n ;T!akts our Cloth more lafiing than other Country Cloth, and better tc nditioned againll VVind and Wcatlier; but alfo fu,-'i great abundance of Wooll, that not or.lv all forts, iiom the highert to the lowed, arc cloathcd therewiti:; but fo mucli bath been heretofore rr.T'Vor'ctl hejond the .Sets, that in Honour of the Er.gl’ih Weeii. tiiar then brought fuch plenty of Gold into tiic Tcrriio-i.s of f/ji/ip,furnamed limis, Duke of Burgmdu (where tl'.c Staple for Erglif, y\'oollwas in thofe days kept; i;e inftituied (as fome write) that fa. mous .military 0 ,':icroi tiie ooi.m-n Fleece, at this day in higheft Eflcem with the whole lioufeof Aiiliri.i. ThcV.’ooll of Lemfici-, Cotsvnid, and the Ijle cfU'lghf, when truly Manufaftured by the EngUIJi Clothiers, doili for Softnefs and Finenefs, vie witlulieclioicedSilks; and altho’ Sj'nr.ijJ) Wooll bears a name amongd us, as a thing far fetch'd and deir bought ; yet the Clothiers and Mer¬ chants know that the greatef: part of that Wooll, which when Manufafiur’d they call Sp.tmft Cloth, doth grow in England', and fo abfolutcly neceffary is Engl't(h Wooll to the making of good Cloth, that the French can make no work of their own Wooll, without about one part in three of ours is mix’d with it; fo that the Fable of the Golden Fleece hath its Moral in England, our Fleeces pro¬ ducing fo much Riches to us. This Ipartl. of ENGLAND. 45 I This abundance and chcapnefs of Wooll in England, proceeds not only from the goodncTs of the Soil, but al- I lb from a freedom from Wolves, ami from excclfive Heats and Colds, which in other Countries create a charge of a conftant guarding their Sheep, and houfing them by night, and (ometimes by day alio. And for advancing the [ Manuladures of Cloth,'that nccelfary Eartli, called Fullers j Earth, is no where elfe produced in that abundance and excellency as in England. It wants not Linen for all ufes, at leaf!, not ground I to produce Klax and Hemp, although there hath been ; raucli Linen imported, with much Paper, and fine Paper made of Linen, to the fltame and damage of the Nation. Eut there are lately many Paper-Mills ereSed, and very much fine Paper made in fcveral piacts of Eng- l.trJ-, and the Paper-makers arc Incorporated by a Royal Patent into a Society. The fame incouragement hath alfo the Linen Matiufafture-, and already we have fo much made at home, as we need not fend abroad for any. Ecfidc, there is in England great plenty of cKcelienc Leather for all forts of ufes, infomuch that the poorefl: ■people wear good Shoocs of Leather; whereas in our Neighbouring Countries, the poor generally wear cither Shooes of Wood, or none at all; whilft the pooreft of our labourers have not otsly Shooes, but good flrong Leather Boots too, to preferve ’em from cold when they work in Ditt lies or other wet places. For Building, it wants not Timber nor Iron, Stone nor Slate, nor Ardoife or Blew Slate, Erick nor 'I ilcs. Marble nor Alabaftcr, Mortar nor Lime, Lead nor Giafs. For Firing, either Wood, Sea-Coal, or Pit-Coal, is al- moff every where to be had at rcafonable rates; and alfo Turf. In many places of England, a Horfe-loadof good Sea-Coal is bought for Twopence, and a great Waggon¬ load of Oaken cilliting for a Crown. For Shipping, no where better Oak, no where fuch Knee-Timber, fas they call it) for which four Forefts are Eminentf and Convenient likewife for Portage, vi:^, Netv-Fcrejl in Hainpjhirc, near the Sea, Shiremod on the TrentjDeanontheSevcrn, and Wind fir-Foreji on iheThame's. We 45 Kljc |D?efriit State Part We have likewifc grcac ftore of Iron to nuke ferviceabl(|‘ and durable Guns, Bombs, CarcalTes, and all other lifts.! For Wiir, tor Coach and Waggon, for Travelling-PaJi^ Hunting and Racing, no where fucli plenty of Horfes; a! to fot Plough and l’acl--Carriagi-, infomuch as Mulis anji Aflcs, fo generally made ufe of in France, Iialf,ind .ygaini are utterly defpifed in England. Here are great numbcnj; likcwife of excellent Milk-Gows; every Peafant almolif who rents but ten or twelve Acres of Land, keeps a Horfe or Mare to ride upon, and one or two good Cows to fupply his Family with Milk, Cream, Butter and Clieeft And here it may be of Note to Foreigners, thatGeldingi are ufed more than Stone-Horfes twenty to one, as be- ^ Ing more eafily kept, and not fo fubjeft to Accidents. Here are Dogs of all forts, (izes and ufes, as Mafliffs, Grey-houi.ds, Spaniels for Land and Water, Hounds for Stag, Buck, Fox, Hare and Otter; Terriors, Tumblers, Lurchers, Setting Dogs, Curs, Turn-Spits, little Lap- Dogs, ire. The Bear and Bull-Dog Mafliffs, feem to be ' the boldefl and flrongefl creatures of their fize in the World; one of ’em will encounter fingly a Lyon, Bear, , Bull, or any creature they are fee upon, and not give over to the lafl breath of Life. Our Game-Cocks likewifc arc fo flout and hardy, that if two of’em are well match’d, they both become dying Conquerours, by flaying one anor ther; but it is well known both of Englifl) Cocks and Dogs, that (as if Courage were more natural to ti e Cli¬ mate than to the Creature^ if they arc carried into another Country, after fome confiderable time they degenerate. Cats are here not only very curious to the eye, the Cyprus and Tabby Cais cfpccially, but of great ufe to preferve Houfesand Barns from Rats, Mice, Wce- fcls, and all forts of Vermin, Here are likesvife divers forts of Hanks, as the Faulcon, Lunar, Lanarec, Lanius, Sparrow-hawks, ire. -Moreover, England produceth bcfidcs>.a mighty quanr tity of Tin, Lead and Iron, fome Brafs and Copperas, Copper, and Lapis Calaminaris to make Brafs; much Alum, Salt, Hops, Liquorice, Wax, Talloiv, Coney-Fur.', | Salt-Peter, Madder, and Woad for Dying; all forts of Orafs, Flax, Hemp, ire, and divers other beneficial Com¬ modities. Parti. of ENGLAND. 47 modicics. Ic wants not Mines of Silver, gelding more in their fmall quantities of Oar, and fo richer than thofe of Potofi in the Weft.Mes, whence the King of Spam Lthmoft of his Silver; thofe yielding but one Ounce and half of Silver in one hundred Ounces of Oar ; whereas thefe in Wales, Ccrnsaal, W;irf and the Bilhoprick of Durham, yield ordinarily Six or Eight Ounces per tor. bur thefe lying deep, are hard to come unto, and Workmen dear, which is otherwife in Fo«y?. It wants not Hot Baths, as m Somerfetjhtre, Darhjhire-, and abounds in MdicmlSpriags, as zt.runhridge,Eb(ham, Scarborough, Apop, Ablor., Barnet, Korth^Ha!/, Dtttttdge, Iflwgton, Sellenge. . net. Vineyards have been heretofore common in molt of the Southern and middle parts of England-, and Si/<;r might- be here produced, as ic was oncedefigned by King James the Firit; but a great part of the Natives, prone to Na- vigation, fupplying England at a very cheap rate, with all forts of Wines, Silks, and all other Foreign Commodities, (according to that of an ancient Poet, Q^icfimd amat luxus, quicquid defiderat ufas. Ex te proveniunt, -vel aliunde tibi,) it hath been found far better Husbandry to employ EngKjh Ground rather for producing Wooll, Corn and Cattel, for which it is molt proper. _ . ,. r l- Thouch fome Countries excel England in tome things, yet generally there is no one Country under Heaven, whofe Air is better flored with Birds and Fowls; Seas, Rivers, and Ponds with Fifh j Fields vvith all forts of Corn j the Paflures with Cattel; the Forefts, Parks, W arrens, and Woods, with Wild Eeafts (only for Recreation and Food); the Mines with Metals, Coals, Alabafler, Marble, Free-ftone, and other Minerals; the Country Farms with Hens, Capons, Turkeys, Geefc, Ducks, Peacocks, Dove-houfes, Fifli-Ponds, Coney.Warrens, Pigs, Milk, Fruit, tbc. Where are fewer ravenous and hurtfuhBealts, fewer Venomous Serpents, or Noifome Flies alld Ver¬ min, fewer Droughts, Inundations or Dearths; fewer Un- wholefome Serenes, Peftilential Airs, Tempeftuous Hur. 48 2:()C pjcfciit g)taic Part ], ricanes, Subterranean Fires, Burning Mountains, or Dc- ftruflive Earthquakes ? And altho’ a I’cftiicnce hath lor- merly vifited us once in about twenty years, yet nevet but when the Contagion hath been brought hither from other Countries: God be prais’d, ’tisnow l8 years fince we felt that Calamity, and God grant it may never more return. In a word, where is there a greater abundance of all things ncccffary for Man’s Life, and more efpccial- ly for all kind of Food ? infomuch that it hath been judged , that there is yearly as much Flcdi and Beet confumed in Engt.wd, by over-plentiful Tables, as would ferve three times the Number of People. Add to all this, That being incompalfed with the Sea, and well {urnifhed with Ships, and abundance of commodious and excellent Havens and Ports, it excels for Safety and Security (which is no fmall praife) all the Neigh¬ bouring Cpuntries, if not all the Countries in the World; and needs not much to fear any Nation, but only that which grows Potent in Shipping; for they only can deprive us of our main Security, and of an Illand can make us as a Continent. C H A P. V. Of it: Inh.ibic, lilts, their Numkr, Language, Characier. 3|nlpbitailf5, NG LAt^D hath been pofTefs’d by 11 / five fevera! Nations, and coveted by many more; and no wonder fo fair and rich a Lady (hould have many Lovers, it being a Country (as was faid of the Tree in the midft of Paradife) good ftr Food, pkafm to the E)cs, ,wi to be dejired. Whereas the High¬ lands of Scotland, Bifeav , Sifitrerhnd, and other like Countries, continue ftill in the PolfcnTion of their Aborigines, of the firft that laid claim to them, none fince judging it worth their pairs to difpoffefs them. • The firft Inhabitants in England are believed to be the Britains, defeended . from the Gauls, whofc Languagewas once Part I. cf E N G L A N D. 49 oncealmoft the fame; fuMued after by die Rriuns, who, by rcafon of their troubles nearer home, were conftrained to abandon this Country about 400 years after Chrift: whereupon the Pills, [nhabitants of SarUnJ, invading the Brums, they cal! to their aid the S.ixons, wlio cha¬ fing away the PiSs, foon made tliemfcives Mallcrsof the Briims: but thefc not able to endure the. heavy yoke of the Saxm, after many Battels and attempts to recover their loll liberties and Country, retired, or were driven, fome of them into Brefuigne in France, ((tom whence feme think they firfl camey but mod: of them into the two utmofl Weftern barren and Mountainous parts of this Country, called afterwards by the Saxons, Walifliland, ir- flead of Gaalijhlind-, as the German; dill call Itai},W'ali(ls- land, bccaufe inhabited by the Cifalpine Gauls ^ and the French call our Country of Britains, lie Pais de Gales. The Saxons folely polTefs’d of all the bed parts of this Ille, were for a long time infeded, and for lome time almod (ubdued by the Danes, and afterwards wholly by the Harmans, who drove not out the Saxons, but mixed 1 with them; fo that the Englifli Blood at this day is a mix¬ ture chiefly of Harman and Saxon, not without a tinfturc of Danifl), Romijls, and Brili(l< Blood. ijiumber of ;jnl)abitanfs.] To give the Reader an exaft Account of the Numiicr of People in England, will be very difficult, but a near Conjefture may be thus made. England contains, according to the accurate Calculation of the jutlicious Mr. Houghton, in his Account of the Acres and Houfes, with the Proportional Tax of each County of England at\d Wales, Printed/jnno 1693. 1175051 Houfes. Now allowing to each Hoiife one with another, 6 Perfons, there will be found in all, 7055706 Souls, and amonglt them locoooo ofb'ighting-mcn. All the Souls in France arc computed at 13500000, or at the mod, 15000000, of which 270000 are Church-men, befidcsNuns; the Clergy of England being fcarce 10000. aHjEIE Jlanguagf.] The Erglifh Tongue being at prefent much refined, exceeding Copious, Exprefllve, and Significant, (by reafon of a Liberty taken by the Natives, of borrowing out of all other Languages what ever might conduce thercunto_) is (as their Blood) a Mixture, chiefly fo SCije pjcffMt State Parti, of the old Sitxm) C» Diakd of the Tenlonkk.) and tht Old Nvwm, (a Oialea of tlie French) not without fonit favour of tlie Britnins, Romans and Languages. The Romans poflefling Enitand, caufcd their Tongue, tile Latin, to be generally ufed in this Country. Tile Saxons fuceeeding, introduced their Language wherefoever they feared themrclves- Tlie Normans afterwards getting poireflion of England, caufcd the Norman or French Tongue to be learn’d at School by the Saxsns ; and for a long time, till 36. of Edward the 3d. Laws, Statutes,Pleadings, Sermons, Schools, Writings were in French. Tlie Latin Tongue at prefent is made ufe of in Court- Rolls, Records, Procetfes of Courts, in Charters, Com- milliDns, Patents, Writs, Bonds, and fome Statutes arc ffill kept in that Language. The Names of Shires, Cities, Towns and Villages, Places and Men in England, are generally Saxon ; and fo are moll Nouns Appellative, and a great part of the Verbs. In French, or rather Norman, are (fill written the Com¬ mon Laws, and learnt by young Students thereof; all Reports, Pleadings, all Moors and Law Exercifes, arc svholly French ; Declarations upon Original Writs, and all Records are written in French-, fome old Statutes are ftill in that Tongue: In Parliament, the Affcnt or Dif- fent to Bills, made by the King, Lords or Commons, is in French: Almofl: all our Terms in Hunting, Hawking, Dicing, Dancing, Singing, t^rc. are Rill French. CljarattCt j The Natives of England, by rcafon of the Temperate climate, mild Air,plenty ofwholcfome Food; and the ufe of Beer rather chan Wine; arc commonly Tall and big of Stature, if compared with Southern Nati¬ ons. They arc fair, efpecially the Women, whofe Beauties are iaiiing. Shapes fine, mien agreeable, Air fsyeet and charming. Both Sexes are here well proportion’d in Body, and graceful in Carriage; Grave, well fpoken. Prudent, Modeff, Free, Sincere, Pleafant, Ingenious: The Men arc Strong, Courageous, Warlike, {Eellicofjjimi, faith Bodin the French Politician, Refolute,) Entcrpriling, Con- Rant, not knowing how to fly in Battel; Liberal to Prodigality, Opcn liearted, hard to be Provoked, yet : part I. of ENGLAND. 51 when Exafperated, Stomach-full till Satisfaftion be given, and then they are eafy to be Reconciled: They are Sumptuous and Splendid, great lovers of Hofpitality, Mag¬ nanimous and Beneficent, Learned, Sagacious, Grateful; they are thought to be wanting in Induftry, (excepting Mechanicks, wherein they are of all Nations the greatell Improvers^ Caution, Sufpicion, Craft, Obfequioufnefs, and which is moll of all to be deplored, Contentednefs: but thefe wants are fupply’d by many eminent Qualifica¬ tions, as, Dexterity, Sagacity, Eloquence, Fidelity, Friend- (hip, Publick-fpiritednefs, is’c. The Daringnefs of the Soldier, the Profoundnefs of the Scholar, the Magnificence of the Gentry, the RobuAnefs of the Labourer, are not furpalfed, ifcquall’d,by any peo¬ ple of the World. The Women are Tender, Chafte, Confianr, Prudent, Loyal, InduArious, pafllonately loving to their Relations, efpecially Husbands and Children, even tofondnefs: They are not without Vanity, fefpecially in Cloaths) being changeable in their FaAiions and Furniture,(which is fome- times Prodigal) pretenfions to Satyr, Raillery, and the like; but no Women out do ’em inModeAy, Clemency, : Simplicity, Patience, Charity, Providential Care, Tempe- :■ ranee. Wit, good Humour, Cleanlincfs; and that which Crowns all the rcA, in the finccrity and zeal of Religi- ■ ous Devotion. ; Good Nature is a qualification peculiar to the Englilh, j fo peculiar, that as a Noble Critick obferves, there is no i Word for it in any other Language. The Inhabitants are generally of a warm and elevated j Genius, of brisk and folid parts, apprehenfive and fubtle; luccefsful in finding out new Difeoveries; but moA of all in improving of old, efpecially, as I faid, Mechanicks; there being few Curiofities of Art brought over from be- I yond Sea, but are here improved to a greater height. I Here are the beA Clocks, Watches, Locks, Barometers, !;Thermometers, ^c. The Queen hatha Clock made by Mr. IVatfon, late of Coventry, worth i coo /. in which are. all the Motions of the CoeleAial Bodies. Locks are here j made of Iron and Brafs,of 5o,nay loo/.aLock. Watches ! fo curious, that one part of the Movement of a Repeating E i Watch, p 52 2ni)C p?c[ciu ^‘ate Parti. Watch, comes to 10/ which makes ’em ordinarily 50 or 60 /. a Watch; and yet thcfe prove profitable Mer- chandicc when we fend ’em into Foreign Countries, fo valuable and fo inimitable is the Work. Curious Tele- fcopes, Microfcopes, Profpcftivcs, Mirrors, Spheres, Globes, Charts, Maps, and all forts of Mathematical Inflruments, Dials, Balances, Sea Compatfes, ^c. Why fhbuld I men¬ tion the various Mufical Automia, in which very agreea¬ ble Confort is performed by Clock-work ? the late great improvements in making Glafs; of Pollifhing the infides- of great Iron Guns; of weighing up Ships that are funk ri to the bottom of tiieSea; in Fiibing) as they call it, for Money, loft it may be too years ago; in the new Lacker for Iron, which will endure hard blows, Fire, Spirit of Wine and Aqua-fortis, without damage: And many other noble Inventions and Improvements; as Weaving Silk Stockings; Mills of all forts, .V'orfM’ Tapeftry, Earthen 1 ; Ware of Fulham, Speaking Trumpets, Air Pumps, dipping, of Cloth to keep out wet, making of Lutftring,^c. The Natives will endure long and hard Labour; info- ' much, that after 12 hours hard Work, they will go in the Evening to Foot-ball, Stool ball, Cricket, Prifon-bafe, Wreftling, Cudgel-playing, or fome fuch like vehement Exercife, for their Recreation. They are as long-liv’d generally as the People of any Nation in the World. A Man is not here accounted Old till 'o, nor very Old till 80; ’tis no very entrant- dinary thing to come to 90 - and here arc fcveral who get their livelihood by Handicraft Work, at too and up¬ wards. Not many years ago, 8 Old Men danced a Mot- rice-Dance, all living in one Manour in the W'eft of &|- land,vihok Ages put together, made 8co years; and in the year 1635, dyed Old Farr, Aged 152, who lived in to Reigns. But fueh long Livers were born of healthy Pa¬ rents, and lived temperate lives; whereas on the other fide, by reafon of Intemperance, there is no part of the World wherein People are more fubjeft to die fuddenly. CHAP. [ part I. of ENGLAND. 53 ' C H A P. VI. Of Religion. T H E Cliriflian Religion was Planted in Englond, Tem¬ pore lit feimus (faith Gildis') fmmo Ttbetii Csftrii, which by computation, will fall to be five years before St. Peter came to Rome, and about five years after the death of Chrift. It is alfo affirmed by fome, That immediately after Sr. Stephen's death, and the Jervs difpcrfion, Jofeph of /4ri- matliea, with twelve others, here preach’d and died : That the firfi Fabrick of a Cliriflian Church or Temple in all the World, ms zt ClajienbmhSomerftfliire, thirty one years after Chrifl’s death; but fome better Authorities fpeak of Simon Zelotes and /trijiobulus, mentioned by St. Paul, their preaching the Gofpel here, and Sealing it with their Martyrdom. Afterwards Anno iSo, the Chrinian Faith was here mofl undoubtedly profeffed by publirk Au¬ thority under King Lucius, the firA ChriAian King in the World, and with ChriAianity, no doubt, came in the Epifcopal Government, as may be feen in the Catalogue of Briti/h Bifhops: and it is certain, that at tlie Council of Arles, Anno ^47, there were three Archbithops of Eng- I.intt, nil. of London, To>\, and Caerleon, whereof tile firfl had for his Province under him, the South ■, the fe- cond, all the Kortk ■, and tlie third, all beyond Severn, or the Well part of this Ifland. Under thefe three Archbi- fhops, there were reckoned about that age, twenty eight Bifhops, all which did obferve the CuAoms and Orders of the Creels or E/iffern Churches, and particularly that of Pttjler, different from the' Latin cuAom, or W,J1ern Chur- , ches, notwitliAanding ViSar, BiAiop of Rome Anno 200, had Excommunicated all Churches that did fo 5 nor did they acknowledge Rome to be the Mother of the Britannic^ Church. We were obedient to ChriAianity when we were Arangers to Rome: Britannorum inacceffa Romanis loca ebriSio veto fiibdita, Tertul adv. Jud. cap. 7. And if the Gofpel Was received here fooncr thanin France or Spain, E 5 it 54 2 ri)c ^?ef£nt &tate Part Ip ic is one reafon why we fhould have the Precedence. Britain was then a Patriarchal Jurifdiflion in Subftapee,' though perhaps not in Name, and fo continued, until a- bout the year 5.96, when Auflin the Monk, font hither from Rome by Pope Gregor) the Great, allifted by the Fraud of forty other Monks, and by the Power of the , then Heathen Anglo-Saxon! (who had long before driveo the Britain! into Wale!) and their King Ethelbert, whom he had converted to the Chriftian Faith, conftrained the Britifli Bilhops, here being then but feven, befidcs the ArchbiHiop of Caerleon, to fubmit themfelvcs to the Bilhop of Rome, not without the Maffacre of 1200 Re¬ ligious Perfons at Bangor, who had oppofed the Intro- dudlion of Papal Authority; fo foon began the Bloody Game here in England. After which, by the connivence or condefeenfions of the fuccefiive Saxon^ and R'orman Kings, this Cliurch was in fome things fubjefted to the Bilhop of Rome, as its Patriarch or Primate: But fince _ England hath become one intirc Monarchy, none of our Kings ever lubjcfled themfelves to any Foreign Power, either Spiritual or Temporal, till King' 7 <’^-"’> Perfecuted in the midft of his Barons War by the Pope, religned his Crown to Vondulphu! tlie Pope’s Legate, and took ic again from him as from the Pope: but, (as Sir Thomar Smith faith, from whom 1 have borrowed divers palTagts in this Treatife,) “ that Aft being never ratified by Parlia- “menr, was never of any force to bind this Realm, Com. W. of Eng. pag. 20. However, it could never free it felf from Papal Ufurpation, until fien. 8. by his Royal Au¬ thority, (as he and ail ocher Kings might remove their Chancellors, or other Officers, and difpofe of their Offices to others} did remove the Primacy or Metropolitanfliip from the See of Rome to the Sec of Caimbur) ; as being far more agreeable to civil Policy and Prudence, that fuch a high Power fhould be placed rather in a Subjeft of our own Nation, than in a Sovereign Prince, (for fo is the Pope over feveral Territories in Italr) and he far remote beyond the Seas: which eJeSion of the Pope’s Authority was not done, as in other Nations, by popular | Fury and Faflion, but by the mature deliberate Counfel I ef Godly and Learned Divines Aflemblcd in Convocation, j with I P^rtl. of ENGLAND. with the exprcfs Authority of the King, and ratified by the Three States in Parliament. The minds of Englijh Chtiflians thus delivered from the Spiritual Tyranny of the Bilhop of Rome, and the Dignity of Engliflt Kings from the Spititual Slavery under him, his Son and Succcflbr King Edmrd the Sixth, and (after a direful interval of Queen Marj'i Reign^ Queea Eli^berh of blcfled Memory, and the Clergy, took this occafion more fully to reform the many abufes and errors crept Into the Church, in length of time, by the_ great negligence and corruption of Governours; wherein the wifdom of the £ng///b Reformeisf, had been to be admi¬ red to all Poftcrity, had not the Enemy fowed Sacrilegi¬ ous Tares in this large Field of Reformation, which, fec- ting afido the yet inexpiated Robberies of Church-Ijnds and Goods committed in thofe times by the infatiablc avarice of prevailing Courtiers, was thus in all other re- fpeiSs, Fioufly and Prudently managed. Fitft, left that (as it often happens in indifcrect Pur¬ ges, and where-everonly the People hath been the Refor¬ mer) the good Ihould be taken away with the btid ; care was taken to retain all that could lawfully and conveni¬ ently be retained in the Romifli Liturgy or Mafs-Book, in their Ceremonials and Canons; to takeout all the Gold, and to leave only the Diofs: and it was refolved, not to feparate farther from the Church of Rome in Doftrine or . Difcipline, than that Church had feparated from what flic was in her pureft times. For DoSrine, they embraced, that excellent Counfel of the Prophet, State fuper xiasanti- ijuas, videte tjusnam jit via rella, ambulate in ea ; tliey made a ftand, and took a view of the pureft Primitive Chriftian times, and thence faw which was the right way, and followed that. For tiic Difcipline of this Reformed Church, they confidcred what it was in the pureft times of the firft good Chriftian Emperors; for the times of Perfecution (before Tcmpo.''al Princes embraced the Chriftian Faith) as they were moft excellent times for Dofirine and Man¬ ners; fo very improper and unfit for a Patern or Exam¬ ple of outward Government and Policy. And had this Jufticc, Prudence, and Divine Policy been ufed in our £4 Neigh- 5Ies the Firll, which fome of the Rtndfli Incendiaries endeavour to throw upon the EngBflt Religion; it hath been fufliciently manifclicd, that not one Perfon that was a known Favourer, and Praaicer of i that Religion as now by Law ellablifl.’d in England, was ’•either a Beginner or adive Profecutorof that Rebellion, Ir.or any way an Abetter of that horrid Murther; for i tliat our Religion neither gives fuch Rules, nor ever did ; fet fuch Examples; nor i' deed ran that be truly faid to lie an Aed, either of the Parliament or People of Eng- jW, hut only of a few wretched Mifereants, Sons of i tdbl. that bad no fear of God before their Eyes. In a iKord, here is nothing wanting in order to Salvation; we ! have the word of God, both Old and New Tefiamcnt, in the Vulgar Tongue; the Faith of the Apollles, the Creeds of the Primitive Church . the Articles of the four firft ' General Councils, a Holy Lituray, aiid,due Adminifiration ■ of Sacraments. We teach Faith and Repentance, and the rccelfity of Good Works, and llriaiy exaft the feverity ;of a Holy Life We are taught Obedience to God, to Voe icady to part with all for his fake, to Honour his i n.ofl Holv Name, to Worfiiip him at the mention of his i Manic, to" confefs bis Attributes, and frequent his Ord'h -nances; to bgve Places, Times, Perfor.s, and Revenues, 1 ponfe- 5li El;c State Part I, coiifccraced and fee apai t for the Service and Worfhip o[ onir Great God, Creator of Heaven and Earth. 'We hold a charitable refpefl toward all Chritlians: Wt coiifcfs our Sins to God, and to our Brethren, whonjwt ha>re offended, and to God’s Miniffers and Priefts, ip cafes of Scandal, or of a troubled Confcience; and thej duJy abfolve the Penitent Soul. We have an uninterrup ted fucceffion of Reverend, Learned, and Pious BilhojK, who Ordain Prieffs and Deacons, Confecrate Churches, Confirm the Baptized at a due age, Blefs the People, In- itercede for them, Vifit oft their refpeftive Dioceffes, ta¬ iling care of all Churches, that they be ferved with as g;ood and able Pallors as the fmall maintenance can invite; k eep Hofpitality, as Sc. Paul a'dmonilheth, and Preach as o.ft as necellity requireth- f/idie cnim usque Csncionatonm fMcitas mi olim, neque hfuMum mutiUudo., hoc exigere nidi- m; For now neither that fcarcity of Preachers which wa;s amongfl the Primitive Chrillians, nor multitude of Heathens which dwelt among them, doth feem much to require it; but that rather like good Pilots, who fitting flili at the Helm, fwhile others l.ibour and toil at the Ropes and Sails) they (hould make it their whole bufinefs (by confidering the Winds and Tides, the Rocks anil Shelves, the Seafons and Climates) that the Ship may keep her right courfe, and be fafely brought to her defired Haven. The ARTICLES of the Church 0/England, tuhich mt a fummary of its DoHrine, contain as foUoweth. I. TpHe Unity of thcGodhead, and Trinity of Perfons. JL 1. That the fecond Perfon, The Word was made ftlejh, being in two difiinft Natures, and one undivided JPerfqn, Chriil, very.God, and very Man: who fuffered, was Crucified, dead, and buried ; a Sacrifice to God for original and aftual Sin. g. That he defeended into Hell. 4. That hcarofe again from death, and afeended into Heaven, and fhall return again to Judge ail Men at the laft day. 5. That the Holy Gholl proceedeth froiji the Fathrt and parti. of ENGLAND. 5P and the Son; of the fame Subftance, Majefty, and Glory; I very and Eternal God. 6. That Holy Scripture containeth all tilings necelTary to Salvation nii;. tnefe Books, which are Canonical: Gen. Exod. Lent. Numb. Dear, Jofli. Jiidg. Ruth , i of Sam. 2 of Sam. I of Kings, 2 of Kings, i of Chm. i of dim. I of Efdrits, 2 of Efdras, Efiher, Job, Pfalms, Prov. Ecclef. Cant, four greater Prophets, twelve lels Prophets. • The Apocryphal are to be read for example of Life, and j inrtruftion of Manners, wt. third and fourth of Efdras, j Ttbit, Judith, the reft of Ejlher, Wifdom, Ecckfiaflicus, j Baruch, Song of the three Children, Uiforj of Sufannah, I of Bell and the Dragon, Prayer o/Manafits, firftand fe- cond Book of Macchabees. I That all the Books of the New tefiament as commonly. i received, are Canonical. j 7. That the Old Tefiament doth agree with the Nere, I in offering Eternal Life by the Mediatorlhip of Cirrift: {'That the Old Fathers'look’d farther than on Tranfitory Promifes; and thataltho’ the Ceremonial and ritual Law . doth not (fill bind, yet the Moral Commandments do. 8. That the three Creeds, vii^. of the Apoftles, Kicene, and Athanafm, ought throughly to be believed, and may be warranted out of Scripture. 9. That Original Sin is the corruption of every Man’s Nature, and a continual propcnfity to Evil, deferving God’s wrath. 10. That we can do no good works without the Grace of God by Chrift preventing us. ti. That we arc Juftified only for the Merit of our Lord and Saviour Jefus Chrift by Faith, and not for ,our own works. 12. That good works acceptable to God in Chrift, do, ncceffarily fpring out of a true Faith, which is known by ’em as a Tree by its Fruit. 13. That no works done before the Grace of Chrift and infpiration of his Holy Spirir, are good. 14. That theDoftrinc of Supererogation (to wit, that there arc good works which God hath not commanded) is falfe. 15. That Chrift alone was without Sin, and all of us of¬ fend in many things. 1 C. That 6o 10!cfcitt State Part I, ■ 16- That after Baptifm and the Holy Ghoft receivtii, a Man may fall into deadly Sin, and by the Grace of God may again arife, repent, amend, and be forgiven. ' 17. That fomeare Predetiinated of God to Life Eter. nal by Clirift ; furh are call’d accordingly, and througk Grace, obeying the Call, are juftified fretly. Thatasthe confideration of Predeftination is comfortable and benefi¬ cial to Spiritual Men, fo it is of dangerous concern to Cat- nal Men: And that we muft receive God’s Promifes at they are reveal’d, and acquiefee in his Will as it is de¬ clared in Holy Writ. 18. That no Man can be faved by living up to the Rules of any Law or Seft, but only by the Name of Jefui Chrift. I p. That the Vifilale Church of Chrift is a Corgregati- on of faithful Men, in the which the pure Word of God is preached, and the Sacraments duely miniftred : And that the Church of Rome hath err’d in matters of Faith, as fome other ancient Churches have done. 10. That the Church hath Power to decree Rites and Ccremniiics, anti Authority in Controvcrlics of Faith, yet cannot lawfully ordain any thing contrary to God’s Word, or Expound any one place of Scripture repug¬ nant to another, or enforce any thing to be believed for neceliity of Salvation, befide what is in Holy Writ. 21- Thar General Councils are not to Meet without the Will of Princes; That they may Err, and fometimes have Err’d ; nor have they Authority to ordain any thing as nereifarv to Salvation, but out of Holy Scripture. 11. That the Romi/Zi Doftrines of Purgatory, Pardons, Worfiiip of Images, Rclicks, and Invocation of Saints, cannot be warranted by Srripture,but arc raclier repugnant to the Word of God. That no Man ought to Preach publickly, or admi- nider the Sacraments, unlefs he be lawfully call’d, and fenr thereto bv publick Cl-.urch Authority. at. That Praying or adminiflring the Sacraments in an Unknown Tongue, is repugnant to the Word of God, and the Cullom of the Primitive Church. 2;. That Sacraments ordain’d of ClirifI, arc not only badges or tokens of Chrinianity,buc rather fure Wi nclfcs, and |andtfieftual fignsof Grace, and God’s good-will towards I ui. That the two Sacraments ordain’d of Chtifl, are j Baptifm and the Supper of the Lord •, and that Confir- j tnation, Penance, Orders, Matrimony, and Exrream Un. i ftion, are not Gofpel Sacraments, having no Vifiblc ! Sign or Ceremony in the Gofpel- That the Sacraments 1 were not ordain’tl to be-gazed upon, or carried about in ; proceflion,but for a due ufe, and that they have a whol- : fome efteft only upon worthy receivers, and a quite cen- ; trary to others. 26- That the Unworthinefs of Miniflers make none of ^ Chrift’s Ordinances intffeflual to worthy receivers. [ iy. That Baptifm is a Vifible Sign and Seal of Re¬ generation; and that the Baptifm of young Children is moft agreeable with the inftitution of Chrift. l8. The Sacrament of the Lord’s Supper isto worthy ; Communicants, a partaking of the Body and Blood of j Chrifl: That Tranfiibftantiation cannot be proved by ; Holy Writ, but is repugnant to it: That the Body of Chtifl is given, taken and eaten only after an Heavenly - and Spiritual manner by Faith; and that this Sacrament was not by ChrifTs Ordinance referved, carried about, lifted up or Worfhipped. 29. That the Wicked are not in this Sacrament Parta¬ kers of Chrifl; but rather, to their Condemnation, do eat and drink the Sign of fo great a thing. 30. That the Cup is not to be denyed to the Laity. 31. That the one Oblation of Chrifl, as a propitiation and fatisfafiion for Sin, wasfinifhed upon the Crofs; and that the Pupifli Sacrifices of Malfes were Blafpheraous, 32. That Marriage of Priefls is not unlawful. 33. That the Converfation of Perfons Excommunicated, is to be avoided. 34. That Traditions and Ceremonies are variable, ac¬ cording to the Authority of every particular and Natio¬ nal Church. 3;. That the Second Book of Homilies contains tliac Doftrine which is Godly and wholfome. 36. That the Book of Confecration of Archbifhops and Bifhops, and Ordering of Priefls and Deacons fee forth in the time of Edmrd the Sixth, is Religious and Godly; 62 srOe |p?0ffitc State Part l' Godly; and they that arc Corifccratcd and Ordain’djj.t cording to the fai:;e Rites, are rightly, orderly, and Iaiv.| fully Confecrated and Ordain’d. 37. That the Sovereign Pcrfon in this Realm, is Chitf Govcrnour in this Realm, of all Eflates, in all Caufc, Ecclefiaftical or Civil, according to that only Prerogj. tivc which we fee to have been .given always to all God. ly Princes in Holy Scriptures by God himfelf; That tht Bilhop of Rme hath no JurifdiiSion in England. That the Laws of the Realm may punifli Chriftian Men with Death for heinous Ofiences. That it is lawful for Chri- Rian Men at the Command of the Magifiracc, to wear Weapons, and ferve in the Wars. gS. That the Goods of ChriAians are not common, yet that Alms giving is every Man’s duty, according to his Ability. 39. That as vain and raAi Swearing is forbidden by Chrilf and hisApoAle St. j'umer, fo when thcMagiArate requires, a Man may teftine upon Oath in a Caufe of Faith and Charity, fo it be done in JuAice, Judgment, and Truth. This is the SubAance, or at leaA a faithful Abridgment of the 99 Articles, agreed upon by the Archbifliops and Bilhops of both Provinces, and the svhole Clergy, in the Convocation held at London 1562, for the avoiding of diverhcics of Opinions, and for the EAabliAiing ofConfcnt couching true Religion, with the Afl'ent of Queen Eli- ^^rtietA'of happy Memory, and again confirm’d by the fame Authority Anno Dorn. lyyi. The Articles them- felves at large, with the Learned Annotations ofMr. Ao- gers upon them, is well worth any Man’s perufal. Even fince the beginning of our Reformation, there are fonrie few Families in feveral parts of England, have perfifled in the KomiO) Religion, and are ufually called | Papijls from Papa , the old Title of the Bifhop of I Rome. Againft thefe there are divers fevere Laws Aill in force, but the number of I’apifts in this Kingdom being not confidcrablc, nor their Loyalty for many years laA paA queAionable, thofe Laws have been more rarely put in execution ; bcfides the clemency and gentle ufage ' (hewn jpanl. of ENGLAND. 6 ^ ' ftewn to them liere, may beget in RomiJIi States and IV lematcs abroad, the like gentle treatment of tlicir Protc- liant Subjefts, and of the living witliin their Dominions, And tho’ there be fcveral other Perfwafions in this Nation that diflcr from the Church of England, as Erta- blilhcd by Law, and were liable to fome inconvcninices bccaufe of their Perfuafions, till of late; fuch as Presljie- riant, Indefendents, Anabaptijls, Quakers, and others: Nc- vetthelcfs fince this Happy Revolution, all their Majefties Proteftant Subjefls dilfenfmg from the Church nf England, are by an Aft Primo {juliel. Maria:, exempted from the Penalties of certain Laws therein mentioned. And as it was obfervable, that many- of our Eminent Clergy were inftrumentai and aflive in procuring this Indulgence for their weak Brethren, lo the Clergy in general, to Ihew bow far they are from a Spirit of Perfecution, are fully fiiisfied and pleafed with it, provided the DilTenters will be fo too, and not trouble again the Stream of Unity that (hould now run clear. So that a Free Toleration is , granted te all the Diflenting Protelfants, and none is to k molelled upon any account of his Religion, that takes the Oath of Allegiance to their Prefent Majefties, and fubferibes the Declaration enjoyn’d in an Aft of 30 Cur. 1. Entituled, Art AS fa prevent Papijis from Sitting in either Houfe of Parliament, when rendred to them. There is alfo a Toleration granted to certain other Perfons, DilTenters from the Church of England, who fcruple the taking of an Oath, and the Declaration every fuch Perfon (hall make and fubferibe, is as follows. T A. B. Bo finccrelp p^omife ano folcmnip Ocefare I before taie Part ij atn’3 H Bo Bcdarc tijat no foreign ^^^iiicc, ^tr>| fo«,iE>?Elatc, ^tatf oj potentate, Ijitl), ougljt to; liaDe anp^&otorr, 31 urifDiition, ^iigcrio^itp, $>^f; Ijeminenre, o^ aiiitl)o?itp (£rcleliaffiial spiritual toirijin tltwKfalm. | And they muft fubfcribca Profelllon oftlieirChritliin Belief in thefc Words. I A- B JfaitI) in €>00 tlje Jrafljfr, anOin SlefUjff Cluiff liift eternal ^nii, tlje true ®oD, anJj in tlje ^oip Spirit, one 0oti bleffcD fo^o rber* nio?e; aiio so acknotoleoge tl)e i^olp Sfripturw of tI)e£)ItianiiitictoSCeffamentto begilaenbp W)i> bine Klnfpiration, Touching the /en>!, which by the late llfurp«r were admitted at Aomfon, and fince continued by the bare permiflion of the King, and fufl'ered to hire a private Hoiife, wherein to hold tlieir Syrntgogue ; they are not confiderable either for Number, making not above 8o or (00 Families; or for their Wealth or Abilities,being for the mod part poor and ignorant, to what they are in other Countries. C H A P. VIII. Of Trade. | N Ext to the purity of our Religion, we are mod con¬ fiderable of any Nation in the W'orld, for the vad- nefs and extenfivenefs of our Trade. Trade is either Inland, or Maritime. By our Inland Trade, we appear to have great docks of Money, well divided into many I’urfes. The King’s Exchequer, as in other Countries, dotli not hoard up the greated part; nor is it in the hands only of Nobles and Patcicians, no nor of Merchants and Bankers, much Icfs of Monopolizers and Ufurers; but the generality of Tra¬ ders parti. (l^'EN GLAND. 6 ^ ders find fufficient for their ufe,buying and felling for ready payment, not as formerly at 3, 6 , or 9 Months end, but with ready Money; which hath here a fwift and conftaiic Circulation and which makes all forts of Commodities cheap amongft us, altho’ Money be plentiful; for Men can raife themfelves (with God’s blefling) goodEftates, from the modeft gains of 3 or 4 pir Cent, fooner than they could formerly at 10 and 12 ; becaufe Selling for ready Money, there arc great numbers of Traders who can make 3 or 4, nay, fonie 5 or 6 returns of their Mo¬ ney in a year: a Wooll Stapler, or Corn Merchant, (foV inftanccj can buy 100 pounds-worth of Ware, and fell itagain in two Months time at 3 or 4 per Cent, gain upon the foot of his Account, and can immediately go to Mar¬ ket both with the Principal Money and the Improvement; which if he be induftrious and fortunate enough to return 6 times a year, and continues Trading from 10 years of Age to do, (when it is time you’ll fay to leave off) his tool, will have gain’d liim 6 or 7000/. the Improve¬ ment of another tool, being fufficient to maintain him all that time; and when he hath Traded for himfclf 7 or 8 years, if he Marries a Wife with z or 300 1, he may by juft and righteous dealings, maintain his Family handfomc- ly, and leave an Eflatc to his Wife and Children of 1 oooo /, whereas a Student who hath fpent 500 1. in an Univerfity, is feldom known,befidc his Patrimony and Wife’s Portion, to leave 1000/. behind him. What I fay might eafily be exemplified by cMikrs, D)ers, Tiwner;, Woid- mmgers, Cordwaineri, Vintners, H'ine-Ccopers, Stc. But that which makes us mod confiderable ia the eye of the World is, the wonderful Greatnefs of our A/dritime Trade; for upon all the 3 Articles of Exp:rtiaim, Jranf^r- tatiin, or Re-expirtalkn, and Importation, no Kingdom or State in the World can any ways match us. France pre¬ tends to little more than the firft of thefe; Spain, Italy, and the two Korthern Cmrns, to the firfr and third; Hcl- land only vies with us in the fccond. Firft then for Exp-ortaihn, our Country produces many of the moft fubftantial and neceffary Commodities in tl(e World : as, Corn, Cattle, Cloth, Iren, Lead, Tin, Copper, C'p- peras, Pit-Coal, Alum, Saffron, Stc. Out 66 p?efcHt &tate Partii Our Cm' fometimes prcferves other Countries fromj fiarving; as at prefenc fhllmd and Flanders, Our Horfiil arc the moft ferviceable in tlie World, and highlj' valucii| for their hardinefs, beauty, ftrength, Courage, Goings, oi ail Nations. With Beef, Mutton, Pork, Poultry, Biskeis, we Virtual, not only our own Fleets, but all Forcigren that come and go. Our Iron we Export Manufartur’d in great Guns, Carcaffes, Bombs, Our Cloth is fent to all parts of the World, the lialikl’, the Mediterranean, the EaJ} and Wefl-Indies, &c. • The ManufaSurc of IVooll in Broad-Cloth, Long and Siiort; No'tliern Dozens, Radies, Kerfies, Bays, Serges, Flannel, Pcrpctiiano's, Says,- Stuffs, Frize, Penniftons, Stockings, Caps, Ruggs, &c. Exported; may be compu¬ ted to amount to lococoo /. per Annum. Lead, Tin, and Coals, to the value of 'jcoocoL per Ann. Protligious and almoft incredible is the value likewife of otiicr Goods from Iicncc Exported; vi^. Hops, Flax, Hemp, Hats, Shores, Ale, Beer, Red Herrings, Pilchards, Salmon,0)jlers,S,sffroii, Liquorice, Watches, Ribbands,Tojs, &c. The Veftments, Hats, Shoocs, lIoufliold-ftufF, carried from licncc yearly to America, is computed at zcooco /, I mention not Wool! and Fullers-Earth, becaufe they arc Prohibited. Secondly cur Tranfportation or Re-exportation, to wit, of Commodities brought hither from other Nations, and Exported again, is very confiderablc, and of great ad¬ vantage to the Kingdom for the increafe of our Shipping and Mariners, Money and Credit. And fird,we make great advantage herein by'the Kingdom of Ireland-, enriching that our Nation by buying their Commodities, and our felves by Tranfporting ’em to otiicr Countries, with gain: For the Wooil, Butter, Hides,Tallow, Beef, Herrings,Pilchards, and Salmon, which we Transport from Ireland, being the concerns of our Merchants, and paying Duties to their Hajeflies, have been reckon’d at ’^cooco 1. per Ann. We Tranfport from our Plantations in America, befide what we confume our felves, of Sugar, Indico, Tobacco, Cacao-Nuts, ijc.to dococo/.per .d/in.befidcs in Fini,Pipc- S.aves, Malls, Bever, tf^-c. from Kerv-England and the Northern parts of .tmerica, icocco/. per Ann. ’Twculd krtl. . of ENGLAND. 6 ^ I ’Twould be tedious to enumerate the value of our |Tranfporcarions from and Smden, Spain, Por- hiiptl, the Streights, Turi(iy, Guinnea, &c. Tlie moft conli- idcrable of all is that from the Eajl-hdies, from the firft [beginning of that Trade till now. In its Infancy, vi^. 1613, of Pepper only, befide what we confumed at 'heme, we Traniported in one year to other Countries, jafter it had paid Duty here, to the value of aooooo 1. jand now of lateyears, our Exportation of what we bring 'from thence, after we have fufficicntly fupplied our felves, iliath been computed at 800000 1. per Ann. viz_. in Pepper, ISalt-Petre, Calicoes, Silks, Druggs, Diamonds, Pearls, circ. ; The Third Article of Trade is Importation, the bring¬ ing hither fuch Goods from beyond.-Sea which we con- Turae among out felves, and which is of great advantage do us, when we-dcal with fuch Nations as are willing to [take our home Commodities in exchange for theirs, as jTar^e/, Spain, See. are; for this increafes hill our Ship- iping, encourages Mariners and Merchants, a .d makes Fo- ■reign Princes fet a greater value upon us, than on thofe iIluckflers,who deal with ’em only for Lucres fake: where- |as the Generous Englifl are the greateft confumers of iForeign Commodities of any Nation in the World : and 'yet by the richnefs and excellency of our own produft, we can keep even the Balance of Trade, without impo- vcrilhing our felves, unlefs when we deal with fuch a Nation isFrancc, who in times of profound Peace,ufed to lay into- 'lerablc Impofitions upon EngUp) Commodities, efpecially : our principal one of Woollen Cloth, to difeourage our fend- 'iiig any over thither; whilft at the fame time, we let in mod of their Commodities of a great deal lefs ufe, upon eafy terms; to the great detriment of this Nation, as the Ingenious Mr. Samnel fortrey, in his excellent Difeourfe of Trade, hath made appear; where he tells us, that we yearly Imported from France, almoft 1600000 pounds- worth of Goods, more than the value of what we Expor¬ ted thither; of Silks, Sattins, Taffeta’s, Stufl's, Ar- moylint, Poudefoy’s, Tabbies, Cloths of Gold and Silver, Velvets, Ribbands, Gallowns, Laces, Silk Buttons, to the value of dooooo I. per Annum. Linnen 400000/. per. Ann. Wines 60C000 /. per Ann. Serges and Chalons 1 50000 /. F 1 per 6 S aClje gjcfnit ^tafe Parti, fet/Inn. Hus iioooo 1. per Ann. Hatbands, Fcatheii, Fans, Girdles, Hoods, Masks, Looking-glafles, Watches, Piftures, Medals, Cabinets, Cafes, Bracelets, Tablets, and other Toys, I’jooool. per Ann. Paper ioooool. per Am, Houfhold-ftuft; as Beds, Mattrelfes, Coverlets, Hangings, Fringes, {Vf. looooo 1. per Ann. Brandy, Syder, Vine, gar. Verjuice, jiyc. ioooool. per Ann. Caftle-Spap, Ho. ney, Almonds, Olives, Capers, Prunes, &e.~ ioooool, per Ann. Pins, Needles, Box and Tortois-fliell Combs, i;c. 100001. per Atm. Perfumed and Trim’d Gloves, i oooo /, per Ann. Fine Ironmongers Ware, 40000/. per Annu%\ All which, befldes Salt, Cork, Rofin, and other things to a great value, amount to 2540000/, per Annum. And at the fame time, all the Commodities Exported out of England into France , as Woollen Cloth, Serges, knit Stockings, Lead, Pewter, Alum, Coals, {Jrc. did not amount to above 1000000/. per Annum. So that the Nation was yearly impoverilhed by the French Trade,, 1600000/. per Annum. Thus our Gold and Silver was Exported to fetch from thence Strong Drink, and Frip- . peries, to the debauching and emafculating our Bodies and Minds. For the Toys and Trumperies of other Nations wc like- wife expend great fumms of Money, or lelfen our eft'cfls abroad by Bills of Exchange, and that (which is the greateft Hiame of all to us/ even for bare Freight; fuflet. ingthe//i)//.rndc) M, Flemmings, uai Hamhurghers, to be the common Carriers between us and all parts of die World i a Grievance which Cromreel’s Government (the worft of Times) remedied, by forbidding all Foreigners to Import any thing hither, but each one the produfl of his own Country. Every way we are indeed too lavilh of our Silver and Gold; not only expending great quantities needlefsiy, hut walling it prodigally and irreparably. About 80 years ago, upon examination it was found, that more than Booool. per Ann. was yearly walled here in England in Silver Tread, Purlcs, Spangles, fyc. bolides Go/itutcs or Afts of Parliament, ic hath the main advani. ■ i,f an Ariftocracy, and of a Democracy, and yet free tru-,. ::ie Difadvantages and Evils of cither. It is fuch a Mmrchy, as by mod admirable tempera¬ ment affords very much tc. the Indnftry, Liberty and ffap- pinefs of the Subjeft, and referves enough for the Majefty and Prerogative of any King that will own his People as Subjefts, not as Slaves. It is a Monarchy, that without Interruption hath becR continued almoft looo Years, fand till of late) without any attempt of change of the Government: fo that tci this fort of Government the Englifit feem to be naturally inclined. eiiAP. ^6 • K\)t i^?ef£nc &iacc Part II. CHAP. II. 0/ the King 0/ E N G L A N D, and therein of his Name , Title , Perfon , Office., Supremacy and. Sovereignty, Power and Prerogative, Dominions, Strength, Patrimony, Arms and RefpeO. iRamf.] nr HE KING is called from the Saxm 1 word Konin£ or C)nw£, from Can, inti¬ mating Forcer, or Ken, Knorrledge, wherewith every So¬ vereign fhould erpccially be Inverted. SCitlr.] The Title ancienily of the Saxon King Edgar was, Angtomm Bafilens tfy Dm.-.-.-. s qmtmr Marinm, King or Emperor of the Englijli,3ni ! '.trdof the four Seas, vi\. The Briliffi, German, Iriffi, si'.'! Oeucalidonian Seas-, five Anglmm Bafileus omnhmqiie.heim, Infularmi, Oceanique Britanniam circumjacentis, cmi ,. nmque Nationiim qua infra ea.m incbtduntnr, Imper'ator fy Dominus: Which word Ba- fileus hath an Imperial Signification, it being in the Niw Tefiament applyed to the Roman Emperors. The Modern Title more modert,i5,Dci Cr 4 tM,o/EngIand, Scotland, France Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith. Defender of the Faith, svas anciently ufed by the Kings of England, as appears by fcveral Charters granted to the llniverfity of Oxford-, but in the Year 1521, more affixt, by a Bull from Pope Leo the Tenth, for a Book written by Henry the Eighth againft Luther, in defence of fome Points of the Romill) Religion, but fince continued by Aft of Parliament, for defence of the Ancient, Cacholick and Aportolick Faith- Primogeniius Ecclefia belongs to the Kings of England, becaufe their Predecefibr Lucius was the firft King in the World that embraced Chriftianity. Chriftianiffimus was by the Lateran Council under Pope Julius the Second, conferred on the Kings of England in the Fifth Year of Henry the Eighth, though before ufed -by Henry the Seventh, and fince only by the French King. The Part II. Of ENGLAND. 77 The Title of Grace was firft given to the King about the time of Henry the Fourth j to Henry the Sixth, Excellent Grace-, to Edmard the Fourth, High and Mighty Prince-, to Henry the Seventh, fometimes Grace and lomctimes Highnefs -, to Henry the Eighth, firft Highneft, then Maje- fir, and now Sacred Majefly, after the Cuftom of the Eajlern Emperors, that ufed 'Ajk Baci^a'u. The King of England in his Publick Inftruments and Let¬ ters, ftilcs Himfelf Not, K'e, in the Plural Number, be^ fore King John’s time. Kings ufed the Singular Number ; which Cuftom is ftill feen in tlie end of Writs, Tejie meiyfo apud Weft. In fpeaking to the King is ufed often Cbefides Tour Ma- jejli) Syr, from Cyr, in the Greeks Kuf, an Abbreviation of Kdet&, Dominus, much ufed to the Greek, Emperors; but Syr or Sir, Domine, is now in England become tlie or¬ dinary word to all of better Rank, even from the King to the Gentleman. It was anciently in England given to Lords, afterwards to Knights, and to Clergy-men, prefixe before their Chriftian Names; now in that manner only to Baronets, and Kiiightt of the Bath, and Knights Batche¬ lors-, yet in France, Syr, ot Syre, is referved only for their King. ' ^ . iderfon.] Rex Anglic eji Perfona mixta cum Sacerdote, fay our Lawyers he is as it were a Priefl as well as a King. He is Crown’d, an Honour (faith Guillim') which the Kings of Spain, Portugal, Navarr, and divers other bings have not; at which Coronation he is Anointed with Oyl, (a Cere¬ mony that hath been here in ufe thefe icoo Years,} as the Priefts were at firft, and afterward the Kings of Ifrael, to intimate, that his Perfon is Sacred and Spiritual. Iminguntur Reges (faid Tho. a BecketJ in Capite, etiam peNore fy brachiis, quod Jignificat, Gloriam, San{litatem((x Fortitudinem -, and therefore at the Coronation hath put upon him a Sacerdotal Garment, called the Dalmatica, or Cohbium, and other Prieftly Veils; and before the Refor¬ mation of England, when the Cup in the Lord’s Supper was denied to the Laity, the King, as a Spiritual Perfon, received in both kinds; and he is capable of Spiritual Ju- rifdiftion. The Ring at his Cororation is a Symbol of Fairhfulncfs ; a Bra- 78 Elje pjefcnt @Jate Part II. a Bracelet, Geod Worly, 3 Sceptre, JiiJlice", 3Smrd,Vower or Vengcarxe-, Purple Robes, Reverence or Rlujefty, a Bwrfemj Glor) ; a C/o/ie,Extent of Empire by Sea and Land; the Crefs on ir, Faith. ■ Of thii Sdcrfrf Perfon of t!ie King, of the Life and Safe, tj thereof, the Laws and Cullomsof England are fo tender, that they' have made it f/igh Treafon only to imagine or intend tlie Deatli of the King. And bccaufe by ima¬ gining, or confpiring the Death of tlie King’s Counfcllors, or Great Officers of his Houfhold, the deflruflion of the King hath thereby fometimes enfued, and is ufually aim¬ ed at, (faitli Stat. 5. //. 7.) that alfo was made Felony, to be punifhed with Death, although in all other Capital Cafes, the Rule is. Voluntas non reputabitur pro fallo-, and an Englifi-m.in may not in other Cafes be punifh’d with Death, unlcfs the Afl follow the Intent. The Law of England hath fo high Efteem of the King’s Perfon, that to otfend againft thofe Perfons, and thofc things tliat reprefent his Sacred Pet fin, as to kill feme of the Crown-Officers, or to kill any of the King’s Judges, executing their Office, or to counterfeit the King’s Seals, or his Monies, is made High Treafon-, bccaufe by all thefc the King’s Perfon is reprefented: and High Treafon is, in the Eye of the Law, fo horrid, that befides lois of Life and Honour, Real and Perfonal Efiate of the Criminal, his Heirs alfo are to lofe the fame forever, and to be ranked amongll the Peafantry and Ignoble, till the King lhall plcafc by Aft of Parliament to reliorc them. Efl enim tarn gr.ne crimen (faith BraHon) ut vix permittatur luredibus ifHod vivant. High Trcafon is fo grievous a Crime, that the Law not content with the Life, and Efiate, and Honour of the Criminal, can hardly endure to fee his Heirs fur- vive him. Andnther than Treafon againfi the King’s Perfon fiiall go unpunifh’d, the Innocent in fome Cafes fiiall be puni- fiied: For if an Ideot or Lunatick (who cannot be faid to have any Will, and fo cannot offend) during his Ideocy or Lunacy, fiiall kill, or go about to kill the King, he fiiall be punifhed as a Traytor; and yet being Non compos men¬ tis, the Law holds that he cannot commit Felony or Pe- tit-Treafon, tor other forts of High Treafon. More- Part II. of E N G L A N D. 79 Moreover, for the precious regard of the Perfonofthc King, by an ancient Record it is declared, Jhiim Phjfid^ ought to be adminiftred to Him, without good Warrant, [his V/arrant to be Signed by the Advice of His Council; no other Phyficians but what are mentioned in the Warranr, are to adminifter to Him; the Phyficians to prepare all things with their own Hands, and not hf the Hands of any Apothecary; and to nfe the afliftance only of fuch Chyrurgeons, as are preferibed in the Warrant. He is Pater Patrix , Father of his Country : And fo precious is the Perfin and Life of the Kia^, that every Subjeft is obliged and bound by his Allegiance, to detend His Perfin in His Natural as well as l-olitkk Capacity, with his own Li/e and limbs wherefore the Law faith. That the Life and Member of every Subjefl, is at the Service of the Sovereign. JSDfficr.] The Ci^ce of the lying oi England, in the Laws of King Edrrard the Confejjir, is thus deferibed, I Rex quia Picarius. fiimmi Regis ejl, ad hoe conjliliiitur ut Regnum terrenum popdum Domini, tfi; fuper omnia San- llamEcclefiam ejus leneretur, regat, ip ab inyaiefn defendat ; And (according to the Learned Fortefiue) it is, Pugnare bel/a pputi fui i; eos relUffime judicare, to fight the Battels of his People, and to fee Right and Jufiicc done unto them. Or more particular (as is promifed at the Coronation} to preferve the Rights and Privileges of the Church and Clergy; the Ropal Prerogatives helonging to the Crown, the Laws and Cuftomsof the Realm, to do Juftiee, Love, Mtrev, keep Peace and Unity, ire. ^ilp^cmacv and ^ohrrrisntp.] Whatfoever things arc proper to Supreme Magijlrates, as Oorens, Scepters, Purple Robe, Golden Globe, and Hot) Vitllion, have as long appertained to the King of England, as to any other Prince in Europe ; he holdcth not his Kingdom in Vaffalage, nor leceiveth his InvefturcorInfialment from another: Ac- knowlcdgcth no Superiority to any but God only. Not to the Emperor, for, Omnem potejiatem habet Rex Anglia k Regno fuo quam Imperator vendicat in Imperio', and there¬ fore the Crown of England hath been declared in Parli- mints long ago to be an Imperial Crorrn. f He acknowledgeth only Precedence to tb.e Emperor, 8 o EljeiBjcfntt&taie Part II. Eo qmi Antiqwate Imperium omnin regMfnpnarecrei\tu, Heacknowledgethno Supnimty to the Eifhop oiRtmi, whofe long arrogated Authmr/ in England was, i5'^5. in a full Parliament of the Lords Spiritual as well 3i Tempt, rat, declared null, and the King of England declared to be by ancient Rigjit, in all Caufes, over all Perfons, as mil Ecckfiaftical as Civil, Supreme Govermur. The King hath the Supreme K/gbf of Patronage through all England, called Patronage Paramount, oyer all the Ec- clefiaftical Benefices of England -, fo that if the mean Pa. tron prefent not in due time, nor the Ordinary, nor Me. tropolitan, the Right of Prefencation comes to the King, beyond whom it cannot go. The King is Summus Tolius Eegni AngUcani JiiJiiciarki, Supreme Judge, or Lord Chief Jullice of all England: He is the Fountain from whence all Juftice is derived. He alone hath the Sovereign Power in the Adminiftration of Jufiice, and in the execution of the Latv, and what, foever Power is by him committed to others, thedernier refort is Kill remaining in himfelf, fo that he may fit in any Court, ajid take Cognizance of any Caufe, (as anci¬ ently Kings fate in the Court, now called the Kings Bench-, Henry the Third in liis Court of Exchequer, and Hen¬ ry the Seventh, and King James the Firft, fometimes in the Srar-ebamfer, except in Felonies,Treafons, eiyc. where¬ in the Ring being Plaintiff, and fo Party, he fits not Pcrfonally in Judgment, but doth perform it by Delegates. From the King of England there lies no Appeal in Eccle- fuffical Affairs to the Bilhop of Rome, as it doth in o- ther Principal Kingdoms of Europe-, nor in Civil Affairs to the Emperor, as in fome of the Spaniflt, and other Domi- ons of Chriftendom: nor in either to the People of England, (as fome of late have dreamed) who, in themfelves, or by their Reprefentatives in the Houfe of Commons in Parliament, were ever Subordinate, and never Superiour, nor fo much as Co-ordinate to the King of England. JBotOEr and J^gerogatibE.] The King for the better performance of this great and weighty Office, hath certain Jura Majeliaiis, extraordinary Powers, Pre-eminences, and Privileges inherent in the Crown, called anciently by Lawyers Sacra Sacrorm, ani Flowers of the Crown, but PArtll. of ENGLAND. 8 i but commonly Royal Prerogatives ; whereof fome the King holds bylaw of Nations, others by Common Law, fexccl- Icnt above all Laws in upholdinR a free Monarchy , and conferring the Kings Prerogative) and fome by Statute Law. The King only, and the King alone, by his Royal Pre¬ rogative, hath Power, without Aft of Parliament, to de- cUre War , mal^ Peace, fend and receive Aoibaffadors, mal:c Leagues and Treaties witli any Foreign States, give Commifjvns for levying A/en and/limr by Sea and Land, or for preding Men, if need require, difpofing of all Magazines, Ammunition, Caflies, Fcrircjj'es, Pats, Havens, Ships of War, and Publicli^ Moneys ; appoint the Metal, Weight, Purity and Faltie thereof, and by his Prcclamalion make any Foreign Coyn to be lawful Money of England. By his Royal Prerogative he may of his meet Will and Picafurc, Canvol^, Adjourn, Prorogue, Remove, and Dijfoke Parliaments. May to any Bill pafled by both Houfes of Parli.tment, refufe to give (without rendring any Reafon) ' his dojiil AJfent, without which a Bid is as a Body without a Soul. May at his pleafure incrcafc the Number of the Members of both Houfes, by creating more B.irons, and bellowing Privileges upon any other Towns, to fend Burgejfes to P.trli,tment. Hath alone the Choice and No¬ mination of all Commanders,and other Officers at Land at.d Sea,the choice and nomination of all AUgijlrates,Cotinccdors, and Ofuersof State: of all Bi/hops, and other High Dignities in the Church ; the' bellowing of all Honours, both of higher and/(nrer Mobility of England-, thePower of dcteimining Bernards and Punifbmtnts, cither by pardoning the Offence, or by alleviating or remitting the Punifhmcnc. By his Letters Patent, may ereft new Counties, Vni- verfities, Cities, Boroughs, Colleges, Hofpitals,Schools, Fails, Markets, Courts of Jujiice, ForeJls,Chaces, Free-Warrens,&c. The King, by his Prerogative, hath Pov,er to Enfran- chife an Alien, and make him a Denigpn, whereby he is en¬ abled to purchafe Houfes and Lands, and to bear fome Offices. Hath Power to grant Letters of Mart or Repri- fal, (ogriSK Safe ConditHs, &c. The King, by his Prerogative, hatli liad at all times the Right of Purveyance, or Tre erngrion of all forts of Vifluals near the Court, and to take Hor/es, Carts, Boats, Ships, G for 8 i ffljc ^j£fc«t &tate Part II. for his Carrragcs, at reafonable Rates •, alfo by Proclama¬ tion to fee reafonable Rates and Prices upon F/r/Zi, Fijli^ Fom, Oats, Ha}, 8:c. which His MajeAy Ring Ciar/et li, was pleafed to releafe, and in lieu thereof to accept of fome other recompence. Debts due to the King ate in the firft place to be fans- fied, in cafe of Execut0(hip, and Adminiflratorlhip-, and until the King’s Debtbcfatisfiedjhe may Proteft the Debtor from the Arreft of other Creditors. May DiArein for the whole Debt upon one Tenant, that lioldetli. not the whole Land; may require the Am- Hors Debt of the Heir, tho’ not efpccially bound; is not obliged to demand his Rent as others arc ; may Sue in what Court he plcafc, and DiArein where he liA. No Trodamat'm can be made, but by the King. No I’rctediin for a Defendant to be kept off from a Suit, but by him, and that bccaufe he is aftually in his Service. He only can give Patents, in cafe of Lofles by Fire, ot' otherwife, to receive the Charitable Benevolences of the People-, without which no Man may ask it publickly. No ForcA, Chacc, or Park to be made, nor GaAle to be built, without the King’s Authority. The Sale of his Goods in an open Market, will not take away his property therein, if he hath been defrauded of ’em. Where the King hath granted a Fair, with Toll to be paid, yet his Goods there lhall be exempted from all Toll. No Occiipr.nc} lhall be good againA the King, nor Aiall Entry before him, prejudice him- His Servants in Ordinary are privileged from ferving in any Offices that require their attendance, as Sheriff, Con- Aablc, Church-warden, All Rcaeivers of Money for the King, or Accomptants to him for any of his Revimies, their Perfins, Lands, Goods, Heirs, Executors, Adminifirators, are chargeable for the fame at all times; for, tempits ocemrit Reii. His Debtor hath a kindof PrcrogativeRcmcdy bya Suo minus in the Exchequer,againA all other Debtors, or againA whom they have any caufc of Pcrfonal Aftion; fuppofing that he is thereby tlifablcd to pay the King, and in this I Part II. of ENGLAND. 83 Suir.tlie King's Debtor being Plaintiff, hath fome Privileges above others. In Doubtful Caft, Semper prufmitiir pro Fege. No Statute rcfirainctli the King, except he be cfpcci- ally Named tliercin. Tlie Quality of his Perfon alters the Ddccnc o( Gitve/IJnil, the Rules of Jojnt-Ter.mcj: No Ejhppcl can bind him, nor Judgment Final ifi a ll'rit of Right. Judgments entred againft the King’s Title, arc entred with u Salvo Jure Domini Regis, That if at any time the King’s Council at Law can make out his Title better, that Judgment fhall not prejudice him, which is not permitted to the Subjeft, The King by his Prerogative might have demanded rea- fonable Aid-Mone^ of his Subjefls , to Knight his Elded Son at the Age of Fifteen, and to Marry his Elded Daugh¬ ter at the Age of Seven years: wliich rcafonable Aid is Twenty Shillings for every Knight’s Fee, and as much for 'every Twenty Pounds a year in Sotcage. Moreover, if the King be taken Prifoner, Aid-Money is to be paid by the Subjefts, to fet him at liberty. ■ The King upon reafonable Caufes, Him thereunto mo¬ ving, may proteSl any Man againd Suits at Law, t^e. In all Cafes where the King is Part;, His Officers with an Aneft, by force of a Procefs at Law, may enter, and (if entrance be deniedj may break open the Houfc of any Man, although every Man’s Houfc is faid to be his Cadic, and hath a Privilege to protefl him againd all other Arreds. A Benefice, or Spintual Living, is not juU againd the King by Injlituiion only, without hduSm, although it be fo againd a Subjeft. None but the King can hold a good Plea of falfe Judg¬ ment in the Courts of his Tenants. The King of England, by his Prerogative, is Summus Regni Cuflos, and hath the Cudody of the Perfons and Edates of fuch, as for want of underdanding cannot go¬ vern themfelves, or ferve the King: fo the Perfons and Ellates of Ideots and Luipf^j are in the cudody of the King, that of Idcots-it his own'ult, and that of luaatic^s to the ufe of the next Heir. The King by lus Prerogative, is Vltms Hares Regni, G 1 and 84 %\]t ?)JEtcilt &tnte Part II, and is fas the Great Ocean is of allRivers^ thcRecepracli of all Eflatcs, when no Heir appears; for this cauft, all Elfates for want of Heirs, or by Forfeiture, Rewi or Efdeiit to the King. All Spiritual Benefices war.t of Frefentaiion by the Bilhop or Archbifhop, an lapfed at laft to the King; All Trenfme-Trcme, fthat ii, Mmg, GoW, Silver, pUte or Bvllion, found, and thcOa. ners unknown) belongs to the King; fo all IV.iifs, Stra]!^ (Ffecfr, not granted away by him, or any former King; all Wajie Ground, or Lands recovered from the Sea; I'J Land of Aliens, dying before Naturalization, or Denizj. tion, and all things whereof the property is not knoivu All Gold and Silver Mines, in whofe Ground foever thtj are found; Royal Fijlies, as Whales, Sturgeons, Dolphins, &c. Royal Fowl, as Swans not mark’d, and fwimming at li¬ berty on the River, belong to the King. In the Church, the King’s Prerogative and Power is ex¬ traordinary great. He only hath' the Patronage of ij Bilhoprici{s, none can be chofen but by his Conge cT Ejliu, whom he hath firft nominated; none can be Confecraitd Bilhop, or take polTeffion of the Revenues of the Bifiiop- rick, without the King’s Special Writ or AlTcnt. Hcistlit Guardian, or Nurfing Father of the Church, which oct Kings of England did fo reckon, amongfi their principrl Cares, as in the Three and Twentieth Year of King EJ- ward the Firll, it was alledged in a Pleading, and allow¬ ed. The King hath Power to call a tlaional, or Provinciil S)md ■, and with the Advice and Confent thereof, to make Canons, Orders, Ordinances and Con/titutionf, to introduce, into the Church, what Ceremonies (hall be thought fit; Re¬ form and Correa all Herefies,Schifms, punilh Contempts,&c. and therein and thereby to declare, what Doarines in the Church are fit to be publifhed, orprofelTcd; whatTran- Jlation of the Bible to be allowed. The King hath a Power, not only to Unite, Confolidati, Separate, Enlarge or Contrail the Limits of any old Bijinf- ricl^, or other Ecclefiaflical Benefice-, bucalfo, by His Let¬ ters Patents, may erea nevi,&/h(tprict>s ; as Henry the Eighth did fix at one time; dnd thela't^'Kiag cWex the Martyt intended to do at Sc. Albans, for the Honour of the firfi Martyr of England, and for contraaing the coo large ex- jpartir. of ENGLAND. 8^ licnr of tlic Biflioprick of Lincoln i may alfocrciff new Atch- ‘n'fopiicki, Pntiwchaics, &c- I In the Twenty Eighth of Etknlcih, when the Houfc of 'Commons would have palled Bills touching Eifliops grant- Tog h'licullies, conferring Holt Ottiers, Ecclefiiijlkal Cen- (res, the Oath ExOfficio, Non-Rcfidenct, kc. The Qufcn, itiuch incenfed, forbad them tomtddle tn nrty Eulcftnftical Aftirs, for that it belonged to her PtetoAMhe. The King hath Power to difpcnce with the Riiour of Ecclefiaftical Lstfs ; and with any thing that is only Prohi- 1 timm malum per accitienr, ij non malum in fe. As for a Ballard to be a Priejl, for a Pricjl to hold ttvo Benefices, or to fuccccd his Father in a T.enefice, or to be Kon Refs- ; int, kc. For a Bifl.op to hold a vacant BiJI.'opricli, or o- i ilicr Ecclcfuftical Benefice in CommenJum or hufl. Hath Power to Difpcnce with fome Alls of Parliament, Final Statutes, by Ron abfianre, where himfclf is only concerned; to moderate the Rigour of the Laws according ho Ejuit^ and Corfeience to grant fpecial Privileges and Charterno any Subjeft; to Pardon a Man, by Law Con¬ demned; to Interpret by his Judges, Statutes, and in Cafes not defined by Law, to determine and pal's Sentence. And this is that Ro)al Prerogative, wl-.ich in the Hand of sKing, is a Se-’gier of Gold-, but in the Hands of Subjefls, is a Rod of Iron. This is that Jus Coron.f, a Law that is parcel of the I.nvof the Land ; pattofrhe Common Lara, and contained in it; and hath the precedence of all Laws and Cuflcms of F.ngland ; and therefore void in Law is every Cufiom, J 2 u.t ixaltet fe in Prsrogativam Regit. ■Somcof.thefc Pwogaiitcj, cfpccially ihofc that relate to Jujlice and Peace, are fo elTc.itial to Royalty, that th.cy arc for ever inherent in the Crown, and mal^e the Crown ; they arc like the Sun-hcams in theSun, and as inft parable from it; and therefore it hath bicn held by fome great Lawyers, That a Prerogalive in point of Cnernment, c.in- noc be retrained or bound by /lc7 of Pa'Hament, but it is nnakerablcas the Lawsnfthe Afedesand Petfians: Whcrc- lore the Lords and Commons fRot. Pari. 42 Edtr. 5. Kutnb. 7.) declared. That they could not alicnt in Parli- : ament to any thing that tended to the Diflierifm of tlx I G 3 Ktra Si? S:()e ip?cf£nt @>tr.fe Rirtlli and the Cron-n, whercunto they wcrcfivorn; noj though the King fliould define it. And every King of England, as he is Debhcr Juflhlt, to his People, fo he is in Confcicnce obliged to defend and maintain all the Rights of the Crown in polfelfion, and to endeavour the recovery of thofe, whereof the Crown hath been dif. pofleft ; and when any King hath not Religioufiy obferved his Duty in this Point, it hath proved of very dreadful Confequence. As on the other fide, it much concerns every King of England, to be very careful of the Sub- jefts jufl Liberties, according to that Golden Rule of the beft of Kings, Charles the Firfi, that The King's I'rertga- tine is to def.nd the Peoples Liberties, and the Peoples Li¬ berties ftrengthen the King's Prerogative. The Lares of England \ooking upon the King as Gefi Vicegerent upon Earth, do attribute unto him divers Ex- cellencies not belonging to other Men; fo tHe Law will have no In-.perfelim found in the King; as, no Injnjiki, no Errcr, no Negligence, or Laches, no Infamp, no Stak, or Corruption of Blood ; for by taking of the Crown, ail former, though juft Attainder (and fuch Attainder made by Aft of Parliament) is ipfo fallo purged. No Nonagem Minority, for his Grant of Lands, though held in his AV tnral, not Politick^ Capacity, cannot be avoided by Kin- age. Higher than this, the Law attributeth a kind of Per- betoitr, not to fay Immortality, to the King, Rex Anglic non mrilnr his Death is by Law termed the Demife of the King, becaufe thereby the Kingdom is demifed to a- nother. He is (aid not to be fubjtft to Death, becaufe ly: is 3 Corpration of himfelf, that liveth for ever, all Interregri being in England unknown; the fame moment that one King dies, the next Heir is King fully and abfolutely, without any Coronation, Ceremony, or Aft to be done Ex pojl facto. Moreover, the Lara feemeth to attribute to the King a certain Ubiquity, that the King is in a manner every where, in all his Courts of Jufticc; and therefore cannot be Non- fated (as Lawyers (peak) in all his Palaces, and there- forcall Subjeftsftand bare in the Prefence-Chamber, where- foever the Cb.iir of State is placed, though the King be inany Miles diftant from thence. p^rtll. Df ENGLAND. 87 He hath a kind ot Univerfal Influence over all Iiis Do¬ minions ; every Soul within his Territories may be faid to feel at all times his Power and his Goodnefs, Omnium di- mu RegU vigilia defendit. Omnium otium idm luhr j Om¬ nium di/iciai idiiff indujhij. Omnium vacatmm Kim cccu- i-atw.&c. And yet there are feme things tliat the King of England canml do. Rex Anglu nihil injufle pteji, and the King cannot Divefl himfelf, or his Succelfors, of any part of his Regal Power, Prerogative and Authoritg, irJierent and an- nexi to the Crown- Tiierearc alfo divers things which the King cannot do, Salvo Jure, Salvo Juramento fySalva Confeientia fua-, bc- eaufe by an Oath at his Coronation, and indeed, without any Oath, bythci/iirof Mature, Nations, and of Chrijli- ani.y, he holds himfelf bound (as do all other Chriftian Kings) to proteft and defend his People, to do jufticc, and to fliew Mercy, to preferve Peace and Quieincfs a- mongfl them ; to allow them their jufl Rights and Liber¬ ties; toconfentto the Repealingoi bad Laws, and to the Enafting of good Laws. Two things cfpccially the King of England cannot do without the confent of both Houfes of Parliament, vk, make New Laws, and raife New Taxes, there being fomething of Odium in Iroth of them, the one feeming to diminidi the Subjefis Libem, and the other to infringe his Pioferty, Therefore, that all occafion of Difaf- feflion towards the King, (the r.reatb of our Nojhils, and the Light of our Eyes, as he is ftilcd in Holy Scriptures) might be avoided, it was wifely contrived by our Ancc- (lors, that for both thefe, fliould Petitions and Suptilieations be firfl made by the Subjeft. If the King of Engl-md he in any Foreign Nation, he may Try any of his offending Domefticks fay the Laws of England, faith Fleta ; as in the Cafe of Eng,if am of Negent Thefe, and divers other Prerogatives, rightfully belong, and are enjoy’d by tiie King of England. ] The Ancient Dom/nionr of the Kings of England, were firll Eng/amf, and all the Seas round about Great-Britain, and IreLmd, and all the Ifles adjacent, even to rlje Shores of all the Neighbouring Nations; and our G 4 Law S8 ST&f IDuffiu S>:atc Part II, La»' faitli, Tot Sea is of the Leigcance of the King, asmtH as the Land-, and as a Mark tliircof, all Ship.' of Foreigners have anritnriy demarded lca^:c to Ftfit, and pafs in thefe Seas, and do at this day Lomer their Top-Sails to all the K'ngs Ships of War; and therefore Children born upon thofc Seas (as it fomcrimcsliarh happened) a.-e account, cd Natural born Subjefts of the King of England, and need no Nataralixatm, as others born out of his Domim nts. To England Hcnn the Firfl annexe Normandp, and Hen- ri the Second, heland, being (filed o:'dy Lord of Ireland, till the Three and Thirrierh of //eery the Eighth, although thev had all l\ingh JnrifdiUhn before. L/enrjf the ad. alfoannext the Dukedom of Gupenne and A'jon, the Counties of P-.illou, T.»rrtm,and df.tjn ; Edmard the Firff all Wales, and Edward the Third the Right, though not the P-jftjfm of all France. King Jasnes added Scotland, and (ince that time there have be’cn fiipcraddcd fundry confiderablc I'lantations in A’ncrica. The Dominions of the King of England, arc at this day in pofltffion (befides his juft Bight and Title to the Kirgdom of FranceJiU England, Scotl.tnd and Ireland, Tiirce Kingdoms of large extent, with all the Jjles about ’em, above 40 in Number, fmalland great, wlicrcof feme very rnnfidcrable; and all the .ye.ir adjarent. Moreover, the Iflrndsof jerfo), Oaeirfr, Alderrap, and S'.irF, which arc parcel of the Durrhv of .V'rwndy, bchdcstliofc profitahlc Plantation-. 0; New-Engimd, Virginia, Basbad-iet, fasnada, Florida, Bermndot, Sew Netherlandt, with fevcral ocher I.Oes and Plarcs in thofe Qi^arters, and fomc in the Eaft- Indies, and upon ri ;e Ccafi of Af, tea ; allb upon the North p.artsof A’ne’ka, bvriplir of llrH difeoverv, to Efotiland, Terra Cnterialis, S.'ew-fo,nd land, and to Guiana in the South, the King of Engl.rad hath a L^ogal Right, though rot pojfjfrm. Ecfitics all litefe litngdcms and Countries, there bcitngs ro the preftrt King William thcThird, ma- n-.'co.-tfulcrahle Ccimttits Cio'cs, Towrs, Fores, Seignc- ri.'s, c-'r all which wi.'ldi fccnd to the Heirs of his Eudy, as the Prineip.rhiv cf Orange. ?Dt rn,Tt!).'l Tin- ••hgiuv Power of the King of £ug/.wd, berore the Coivun.ftjon of Satl.md. and lorai Siibjefiion of I Part TI. of E N G L A N D. 89 ; of Irelnnd, which were ufually at enmity witli him , was ; notorioufly known to the World, and fnfiiciemly felt bv ‘ our Neighbour-Nations. What his Strength hath been lince, was never fully tryed in the four lad Reigns; but now, that the I’atliamcnts of all the llirce Kingdoms feetn to vie, which fhall mod readily comply with their Sovereigns ’ Defircs and Defigns, all Eurr.pe begins to be fenfiblc how great the Power of this Monarchy is. And let himbecon- (idered ahdraftly as King on'y of which is like a huge h'ortrefs, or Garrifoircd Town, fenced, not only with . nrongWorks,hcr Port-Towns,with a wide and deep Ditch the Sea, but guarded alfc with excellent Out-work>, the Hrenged and bed built Ships of War in the World; then fo abundantly furnilh’d within with Men and Horfes, with Viftuals and Ammunition, with Clothes and Money, that if all the Potentates of Europe diould confpire, (which God forbid) they could hardly didrefs it, provided it be at Unity in its felf. This for the Defenfive Str-^ngth of the King of EngUnJ ; row for his Offcrjhe Puil’arce-. How formidable mud he be to tile World, when they fhall underdand that the liirg of J'nj’jiir.d is well able, whenever he is willing to railc of En^lijh Ai'cn, Two Hundred Thoufand, and of fej/i/f'Hurfe, Fifty Thoufand, (for fo many, during the late Rebellion if-a-a, were consputed to be in Arms on todi fidcs) yet (wliicli is admirable) fcarcc any mifs of them in any Cite, Town or Village. And when tlicy diall CO (idcr, tile Valiant and Martial Spirit of the En^lijh, their Natural Agility of Ecdv, their Patience, Hardincfs, and .hcdfadrclsis furh, .and their bar of Death fo liiile. that ro \cighbcur-Naiion, upon equal Number and Terms, ftarcedurd ever ab dc Eattlc with them, ciihe-r at Sea or land; When ihcy fhall ccnfidcr, thar for Tranfporting cf anv Armv, the Kir g of ErgLmi hath at command near Two Hundred cxrclluit Ships of War, and can hire Two Hundred dout Merchant Ships, little inferiour to .^Hp'cf War; tlmt he can foon Man the biaic with the I’Ti Sea-'old ers (if not the bed Sea Mariners) in the ''•bole Wo; Id. Aiidtliatformaint.iiningfuclM mighty Fleer, btfirient Money for a com pc lent tim'c may be raifed only. i)'a Land-Tax, and for a long time, by a moderate Ex- so Eljc ^Bicfein S>tatc Part II. cifc, and t'nat upon fucli Commodities only as Naturally occafion Excefs or Luxury, Wantonnefs, IdlcnCfs, Pride,ot Corruption of Manners. When they confider, that the Shippin:; of Eit’land was computed lately by the moft Ingenious S'lrnlUiam Penyat Six Hundred Thoufand Tun, all which, with Forty Tlica- fand (lout and skiifuil Mariners, are wholly at the King's Service when he (lull think fit, for the fafety of his Crown and Dominions to require, or if need be, Imprcfs’cm. In a word, when tlicy lhall confider, that by the moft commodious and advantageous Situation of England, tht King thereof (if he be not wanting to himfclf, orhisSub- jefts wanting to him) mufl be Mailer of the Sea, and that as on Land, whofoever is Mailer of the Field, is alfo fail to be Mailer of every Town, when it Oiall pleafe him: fo lie that is Mailer of the Sea, may be faid, in fome fort, to be Mafter of every Country, at Icaft bordering upon the Sea; for he is at Liberty to begin or end a War, where, when, and upon what Terms he plcafeth, and to cxtciid liis Cenquefis even to the Anttfudes. ^Datrimonp.) King Willwn the Conqueror getting by right of Cbnquell, as fome affirm, all the Lands of England (except Lands belonging to tlie Church, to Me- naileries and Religious Houfes) into his own hands in I)tw;e//i, as Lawyers fpeak, foon beAowed amongfl his Sub-' icfls a great part thereof, referving fome Retribution of Renrs, or Services, or both, to him and his Heirs Kingsof England-, which Refervation is now as it was before the ConqucA, called the Tenure of Lands, tlic rcfl he refer- j-cd to liimfclf in Deincfn, called Cmna Regis Dcmma, Domains, and Sacra Patrimonia, Pradium Domini Regis, Dr- rcUum Dominium, enjas rndhs ejl Author nifi Dens: all o- thcr Lands in England being licid now of fome Superiour, depend mediately or immediately on the Crown -, fo that the King is Lord Paramount, Supreme Landlord of all the Undsof England-, and ail Landed Men are mediately or immediately his Tenants by fome Tenure or other; but the. Lands poffcft by the Crown, being held of none, can efeheat ro none; being Sacred, cannot become Ptofani, arc, or fiiould be permanent and unalienable. And yet they liave been (by Time, the Gift and County of out PjrtH. of ENGLAND. 91 Kings, and fome Ncceditics for die prcfcrvation of die Weal Vublick) Biucli alienated. However, there is ycc left, or was lately, almoft in every County of EngUni, a Firijl, a Park., a Caflic, or Rural Pal,ice belonging to the King; and in divers Counties there are many Parks, Ca- flles or Palaces and Forejls, ftill belonging to His Majcfty, for to receive and diver: Him, when He (hall pleafe in his Royal ProgreRes to vide tliofc parts; A Grandeur not to be parallell’d perhaps by anv King in die whole World. The certain Revenues of the King of En^lanJ, were anciently greater than of any King in Enrage, they enjoying in Domnwrand Fee-Farm Eenfr, almoft enough to difeharge all die ordinary Ejtpences of the Crown, without any TaK or Impoft upon the Subjeft. Upon the happy Reftauration of King Charles the Se¬ cond, the Lords and Commons affembled in Parliament, finding the Crown-Revenues much alienated, and the Crown-charges exceedingly increafed, by reafon of the late vaft Augmentation of the Revenues and ftrength by Sea and Land, of our two next Neighbour-Nations abroad, and of the many Kaftions, Mutinous and Rebellious Spi¬ rits at home, did unanimoudy conclude, that for the Peace and .Security, for the Wealth and Honour of the King and Kingdo.m, it would be necelfary to Settle upon His Majcfty a yearly Revenue of Twelve hundred tlioufand Pounds; and accordingly, with the King’s confenr, at the humble Requeft of the Lords and Commons, there was eflablidicd by Impofts, upon Imported and Exported Goods, upon Liquors drank in Enilaml, and upon Fire- Hearths, which lad branch their prefent Majeflics have been gracioudy pleafed by Aft of Parliament, to Remit, fo much as was judged would bring up the former impaired Crown-Revenue, to the faid Sum. Notwidiftanding which, the whole yearly Revenues of the King of Ene,land, are not above the Tenth par: of the Revenues of his Kingdom; whereas the King of France hath yearly above One hundred and fifty .Millions of Livers, that is,above Eleven Millions of Pounds Sserlkg, a Fourth, part of the whole Revenues of France. And the publick ‘Revenue of the Vnhed Nether¬ lands, coming all out of the SubjtftS'Purlcs, are near Seven Millions of Pounds Sterling^. (12 Klit It'Klfiit State Part II. If this Revenue of our King, be truly prid to the Kingi and brought into the King’s Exchequer (^that great Seai whercinto fo many Rivers and Rivulets empty ihcmfelvcs, and from whence are exhaled by tlic Sun thofe kind Va¬ pours, wherewith it watcreth this whole Land, and wherewith all his Majellics Land and Sea Forces(by whofe vigilance wc fleep quietly in our Beds) are maintained ; and whereby tlo fuhfill the feveral Courts of the King, and Royal Family, (by which the Honour and Splen. dor of this Nation is preferved) the feveral AmbalTadors abroad. Great Officers of the Crown, and Judges at home, i/C.) If this Revenue be truly paid and brought into the Exchequer, it is fure, that in all Europe, there is no one Trcafiiry, that with lefs deceit, or Icfs charge of Officers, proportionably, doth re imburfe the fame. The ordinary Charge of the Government in times of fe- rene and profound Peace, ir-cfiimarcd atSixliundrcd thou- fand Pounds per A'n. htfulescxtraordinary Expcnccs. And the Crown of at prefent is as little in Debt, as perhaps any State of fo great a confideration in the World; the grcatcR Debt upon it, is that which King Charles the Second contradict!, by fliutiing up the Exchequer, where¬ by the Credit of that Bank hath fuflain’d great damage, and many hundreds of Families been almofl undone; but during the Reign of King Charles and King James the Second, ihc liiterdl-Money was duly paid ; and wc mud not doubt, but that Intercfl or Principal will be paid, as foon as wc arc at Peace; for after I'cvcral grave and deliberate Heatings of late on borhfidcs, the King’s Judges and the abicfl Lawyers liave declared, That the Debt is upon the polfelTor of the Crown of England ; and we may aeqaiefee in this, That King (fri/um and Queen dfiry, who profefs to hold the Crown of England upon the 1 itic of Juflicc, will give to others thtir due, as well as claim their own. Krfprit.] In confidera-ion of thefc, and otlier tran- fcendctit Excellencies no King in Chriflendon, nnx other Potentate, receives from his Subjefts more Reverence, Ih- none and Refpell, than the King of E.ngland, All his Peo- plc at thfirfirflAddrcIfes kneel to him; He is at all times ierved upon the Knee; all Perfons (not the Prince, oro- ther. Heir appartm c.xccptcdj ftanri bare in tlie Prcfcncc part II. of ENGLAND. P3 of the King, and in the Prcfence-Chamber, thoi'gh in the King’s abfence, all Men arc not oniy bare, but alfo do, or ought to do Reverence to the Chair of State. Only it was once indulged by Queen the Firft, for fome e- minent Services performed by Henr} Ralcliff, Earl of Suf¬ fix, that fby Patent^ he might at any time be covered in her Prefence; but perhaps in imitation of the like li¬ berty allowed by King Philip her Husband, and other Kings of Spain at this day, to fome of the principal No¬ bility, there called Grandees of Spain. Any thing or Aft done in the King’s Prefence, is pre¬ fumed to be void of all deceit, and evil meaning ; and there¬ fore a Fine levied in the King’s Court, where the King is prefumed to be prefent, doth bind a FemeCmrt, a mar¬ ried Woman, and others, whom ordinarily the Law doth difable to tranfaft. The King’s only Teflimenj of any thing done in his Prefence, is of as high a Nature and Credit, as any Re¬ cord-, and in all Writs fent fol-th for the difpatch of Ju- Aice, he ufeth no other Witnefs but himftlf, vi^. Tejie ineipfo. The Saxon Kings before the Conqueft bare ii^ure, a Crofs Form} between hour Atari lets, Or. Afterwards the Danijh Kings Reigning in England, bare Or, Semi de Harts, Gules, 3 Lions Pajfant Gardant, A^ure. After the ConqucA, the Kings of England bare Two Leopards, born firft by the Conquerour, as Duke of Nor- mand), till the time of Henr} the Second, who in right of his Mother, annext her Paternal Coat, the Lyon of Aqui- tain, which being of the fame Field, Metal, and Form with the Leopards, from thence forward they were joyntly Marlhalled in one Shield, and Blazoned Three Lyons, as at prefent. King Edward the Third, in right of his Mother, claim¬ ing the Crown of France j with the Arms of England quartered the Arms of France, which then were A^ure, Semi-Floreer de-Luces, Or-, afterwards changed to Three Flower-de-Lvces-, whereupon Henry the Fifth of England, caufed the Englifli Arms to be changed likewife. King James upon the Union of England wd Scotland, caufed the Arms of France md E/igfanif to be quartered with Scotland and Ireland, and are thus Blazoned. The 5*4 E!je JDjcfcnt State Part II. Tlic King of England bcarcth for his Sovereign Enfigns Atmitut!, as followeth: In the firft place A^iire, Three Ftower-de Luces, Or-, the Regal Arms of FrMce, quartered with tlic Imperial Zt\. figns of England, vvliicli arc Gules, Three Lpens Pajfant Gar- dar.t in Pale, Ur. In the fccond place, within a Diuble Trejjiire Cemter-jimre de l)S, Or, a Lyon Rampant, Gules, for the Royal Arms of 5rof/nn(/. In the third place, Wt;Mre,an lifh Harp, Or, firinged. Argent, for the Royal Enfigns of Ireland. In the fourth place , as in the firlt. Tlicfe Enfigns Armorial are charged fince the Acceflton of King William to tl'.is Crown, with an Efcutcheon of the Houfc of Najfau, which is Arnre, Semi-Billets, a Lion Rampant, Or, Languid and Armed, Gules \ all within the Garter, the chief Enfign of that moft Honourable Order j above the fame an Helmet, anfwcrable to His Majefiies Sovereign Jurifdiftion; upon the fame a rich Mantle of Cloth of Gold, doubled Ermin, adorned with an Imperial Cram, and fur mounted (or a Creflhy a Lion Pajj'ant Gardant,Crorrn- ed with the like; fupported by a Lion Rampant Gardant, Or, Cromned as the former, and an Unicorn Argent Gorged, with a Croa-n, thereto a Chain affixt, palling between his Fore-legs, and reflex’dover his Back, Or j both (landing upon a Comp.'irtment placed underneath, and in the Table of the Compartment His Majeflics Royal Motto, Diett dj The Supporters ufed before the Union of England and Scotland, were the Dragon and Lion. The Arms of France placed firft, for that France is the greater Kingdom; and becaufe from the firft bearing, thofe Flowers have been always Enfigns of a Kingdom; whereas the Arms of England were originally of Dukedoms, as aforefaid, and probably bccaufe thereby the French might be the more eafily induced to acknowledge the Englijh Title. The Motto upon the Garter, Honi foit qui mal p penfe, that is. Shame be to him that evil thereof thinheth, was firft given by King Edward the Third, the Founder of that Order; and that none might believe his Defign therein was any other than Juft and Honourable, hecaufed thofe words to be wrought in every Garter that he beftowed : Wheic- Part II. d£ ENGLAND. 55 whereof more in the Chapter of the Knights of the Oirlcr. The Motto Dieu mon Droit •, tliat is, God and my Rilk, was firft given by Rktmd the hitft, to intimate, that the King of England holdctli his Empire not in Vaf- fallagc of any Mortal Man, but of God only; and after¬ ward taken up by EdivardtheThird, when he firft claim¬ ed ilic Kingdom of h'rame. This Motto hath been conti¬ nued till the coming in of King William the Third, now Kcigning; who always ufed this following Motto, ^e mak- tkndray, I reill maintain ; and hath commanded, that it lhall henceforth be placed fcmetiines in the place of tlie former Motto; yet that this former Motto fhall be ufed in the Broad Seal, and elfewhere. The Device of a Forf- nllis of a Caftle, yet to be feen in many places, was the Badge or Cognizance of the Beanfon's, Sons of John of daunt, Duke of Lancaller, becaufe they were born at his Callle of Beaufort in France. The White Rtje was the ancient bearing of the Koufe of Jot^, and the Red Rofe that of Lancajler, The Thiftle belongs to Scotland. CHAP. III. Of Succeffm to the Croovn of England, and of the Kings Minority, Incavacitj^and Abfence. T he King of England hath Right to the Crown by In¬ herit ante,mA the Laws and Cuftoms of England. Upon the Death of the King, the next of Kindred, born of Parents in lawful Wedlock, though born out of the Dominions of England, or born of Parents not Subjefis of England, (as by the Law, and many Examples-in the Eng- lijh Hiflories, it doth manifellly appear) is, and is imme¬ diately King, before any Proclamation, Coronation, Publi- taihn, or Confent of Peers or People. Tlie Crown of England defeends frojn Father to Son and his Heirs: for want of Sons, to the Elded Daughter, and her SCIjc p?cfcnt State Part II, her Heirs: for want of Dmghter, to the Brother and hh Heirs: and tor want of Brother, to the Sifter and lier Heirs. The Salique Law, or rather Cuftom of France, hath litre BO more force tlian it had anciently among the Jews, or now in Spain, and other Chriflian Hereditary Kingdoms, Among nrl^s and Barbarians, the French Ciittom is dill, and ever was in ufe. So the King d}ing without IlTue or younger Brothers, it returns to his hldcrt Sifter, whether by the fame or another venture, or for want of fuch, to the next Branch. Ac the Death of every King, die not only the Offices o( the Court, but ail Commiffions granted to the Judges durante bene placito, and of all Juftices of I’eace. fpinogitp.] During the Minority of the King of £.ig. land, whatlbevcr is Enacted in Parliament, he may after¬ wards, at the Age of 24 years, Hevol^e and utterly KhU bv his Letters Fatents, under his Great Seal, and this by Stat. 28 H.8.C. 17. If the King be likely to leave his Crown to an Infant ,' he doth ufually by Teftament, appoint the I’crfon or Per- fons that ffiall have the Tuition of him; and fomecimes for want of fuch appointment, a fiePerfon of the Nobility or Biffiops Is made choice of by the Three States alfemblcd in the Name of the Infant King, who by Nature or Alliance, hath mofl intereflin the prefervation of the Life and Au¬ thority of the Infant, and to whom lead benefit can ac¬ crue by his Death or Diminution i as the Uncle by tlie Mothers fide, if the Crown come by the Father, and fo viceverfa, is made Proteftor: So during the Minority of Edward the Sixth, nis Uncle by the Mothers fide, the Duke ofSomerfet, had the Tuition of him, and was called Pro- teSor ; and when this Rule hath not been obferved Casin the Minority of Edward the Fifth) it hath proved of ill coafcqucncc- 31fafEncc.] If the King be Abfenc upon any J'oreign Expedition,- or ocherwife, (which anciently was very uliial ) the Cuftom was to confiitute a Vicegerent by Com- milfion, under the Great Seal, giving him feveral Titles and Powers, according as the Necelfity of Affairs have required; fometimes he hath been called Lard Warden, or Lord Keeper of the Kingdom, and therewith hath had the |p,rtll. of ENGLAND. 97 I iimml Poiper of a King, as was praftifcd during the ab- i fence ol Edward the Kirft, Second, and Third, and of ! Hmt the H ifih; but /ienry tlie Sixtl), to tlie Title of- i garden or Guardian, added the- Title of Prolcllor of tlie lM(,dm, and of the Church of England, and gave hini fo great I’owcr in his abfence, that he was taniuin non Jiex, fwaying the Sceftir, but not wearing the Crotrn ; execu¬ ting Laws, fummoning Varliamcms under his-own Tejie, as King, and giving his Alftnt to Bills in Parliament, whereby they became as binding as any other Afts. Sometimes during the King’s abfence , the Kingdom hath been committed to the care of feveral Noblemen, and fometimes of Bidiops, as lefs dangerous for attempting any llfurpation of the Crown: fometimes to one Bifhop, as Mert, Archbifliop of Canterbury, was Vicc-Ro) of Eng¬ land for many years; and when Edward the Third was in Plunders, though his Son, then but Nine years old, had the Name of Froref/or, John Stratford, Archbilhopof Can- 'mbmy, was Governour both of the King’s Son, and of the Realm; fo King ffenry the Firfl, during his abfence, (which was fometimes three or four years together) ufually condituted Eiger, that famous Bifhop of Salisbury, folc Governour of the Realm ,.a Man excellently qualified for Government. Ladly, fometimes the Queen, as twice during the ab¬ fence of Henry the Eighth in France. 3^nfapacitp.] if the King of England be Non compot mentis, or by rcafon of an incurable Difeafe , Weaknefs, cr Old Age, becomes uncapable of Governing, then is made a Regent, Proieclor, or Guardian to Govern. King £diMid,the Third being at lad Aged, S'ck and Weak, and, by grief, for the Death of the Blacl;^ Prince, fore broken in Body and Mind, did, of his own Will, create his Fourth Son, John Duke of lancajlcr, Guardian, or Regent of England, CHAP. pjefent ^tate Part II, CHAP. IV. Of the frefcnt King of England > and therein of his Birth, Name, Surname, Genealogy, Arms, Title, Education, Marriage, Exploits, and At- cejfm to the Crown of England. T he King of now Reigning, is WILLIAM the Third of that Name, born at the Hague the iJ of November, 1650. nine days after his Father’s Dcatl^ was Baptized by the Name of William Hem), had for God¬ fathers the Lords Staies-General ol Holland onA Zealand,zoi the States of the Cities of Delft, Leyden, and Amjlerdam. His prefent Majefty is the only Off fpring of WiBim^ Prince of Najfau and of Orange, whofe Father was Fredem{ Henry, Prince of Orange, who was younger Brother to Prince Maurice, and Son to that mod Excellent Willim Prince of Orange, that laid the Foundation of the mod Puiflant Commonwealth of the Vnited Netherlands, and was chief of that mod Ancient and mod Illudrious Honft of Naffitu in Germany, which hath laded near One thou- fand Years, and hath been graced with the Imperial Dig¬ nity, in the Perfon of Adolphus of Najfau, Emperor of Germany Four Iiundred Years ago. His prefent Majcdy is alfo the only Off-fpring of the Royal Princefs Mary, Elded Daughter to Charles the Fitd of that Name, King of Great Britain, and Henrietta Maw, Daughter of King Henry the Great of France ; from which Royal Stock he hath in his Veins fome of all the Royal Blood of Eitrope, and is by his Mother Lineally defended f. om the BritijI), Saxon, Dani(h, Norman, and Seotijlt Eingi and Princes of this Ifland. From the fird Britijb King his prefent Majcdy is reckoned the 141, from the Scotifljtht s t ith, from the Saxon the gSt/a, and from the fird ofthe Normm Line the iSth. So that for Royal Extraftion and long Line of Defcent, his Majedy nosv Reigning excels all the Monarchs of all tlie Chridian, if not of all the whole World, The Part II. of ENGLAND. 99 The prcfcn: King is the Fifth King of Great Britain. At cigli: Years of Age he was fcnc to the Univerfity of Leitlen, and even then was obferved to be of a refer¬ red and tliinking Temper, far beyond thofc of his Age •, and being edecated in all Princely Exercifes, after many appearances and Tokens of furpafling future Bravery, he was in the Year 1672, being then but 22 Years of Age, inve/lcd with the high Title of his Anceflors, vi\. Stadt- hlder, Captain and Adatiral-General of all the Vnited AV‘ therlandi ; all which Country at that junflure of time was julf upon the point of being utterly and irrevocably ru¬ ined and loft, had not his then Highnefs by his great Pro- wefs, refeued all that Country out of the very Jaws of the French King, whom in a few Months his Highnefs dravc quite out of the Vnited Netherlands, and then took infinite pains in changing, reconci!ii:g, and fettling the Magiftrates of feveral Towns and Provinces, with rnoft admirable Succefs. After this, in the Year 1674. the States-Ceneral in confideration of theineftimable Benefits accruing to them by the wife Conduft, undaunted Courage, indefatigable Pains of his Highnefs, and the often hazards of his Life, thought fit to confirm, not only the high Title of Stadt- Mder, or Lord Lieutenant of the Provinces of/fo/Zund and Heflfrieiland in this Prince during his Life, fas his Ance- llors held it) but fettled it likcwife upon the Heirs Male of his Body begotten in lawful Marriage. About Three Years after his Highnefs’s Uncle Charles the Second, King of Great Britain, having taken fpccial notice how his Nephew had fignalized his W'ifdom, Cou¬ rage and Condud upon divers Occafions, more efpecially at the Sieges of Narden and Ban, at the Battels of Senef, Cijfsl, See. invited him over into £iig/o,quafiKhi']@-,il!uJiris-, thofe People making the mofl of that little Greet(_ they had: And fo likewife Mtheling or Atheling, a Patron) mick of Athel, NobilU, As Eadgring was the Son of Eadgar, fo Atheling the Son of a Noble, was afterwards ufed only for the King’s Eldeji Son, yjj' 'cj^o^lal. He is born Duke of Cornwal, and, as to that Dutchy, and all the Lands, Honours, Rents, and great Revenues belonging thereunto, he is upon his Birth-day prefumed, and by Law taken to be of full Age; fo that he may that day Sue for the Livery of the faid Dukedom, and ought of Right to obtain the fame, as if he had been full 21 years of Age. After¬ wards he is created Prince of Wales, whofc Iniejiiinre is performed by the Impofition of a Cap of State, and Co- roneton his Head, as a Token of Principality, and putting into his Hand a l^erge of Gold, the Emblem of Govern¬ ment, and a Ring of Gold on his Finger, to intimate, that he muft be a Husband to his Country, and Father to her Children. Alfo to him is given and granted Let¬ ters Patents, to hold the faid Principality, to him and his Heirs, Kings of England, by which words, the fepara- tion of this Principality is for ever avoided : his Mantle tvhich he wears in Parliament, is once more doubled, or hath one Guard more than a Dtdee's-, his Coronet is of Crojfei and Elower-de-luces, and his Cap of State Indented. Since tlic liappy Reftauration of King Charles the Se¬ cond , it was foiemnly ordered, That the Son and Heir apparent of the Crown of England, fhall ufeand bear his Coronet of Croffes and Flower-de-luces, with one Arch, and m the midft a Ballmd Croft, as hath the Royal Dia¬ dem. Part II. of ENGLAND. m dcm. Tliat the Duke of Tort, and all the iitijnediafe Sons and Brothers of the Kings of England, fliall ufeand bear their Coronets, compofcd of Crops and Floteer-de- lines only, hut all their Sons refpcdiively , having the Title of Dukes, fhall bear and ufc fuch Coronets as other Dukes, who are not of the Royal Family. From the day of his Birth, he is commonly (filed The Fritice of Wales, a Title which is ancient, and was firft given by King Edward the Firft, to his Eldeft Son; for the Welfli Nation, till that time, unwilling to fubmit to the Yoke of Strangers, that King fo ordered, that his S een was delivered of her firft Child in Caernanan Ca¬ ns Wales, and then demanded of the Welfh, as fomc affirm. If they trould be content ro fubjell tbemfekes to one tf their own Nation, that could not fpeak one word o/Eng- liffi, and againjl whofe Life they could take no jujl excepti¬ on. Whereunto when they had readily confented, the King nominated this his new-born Son, and afterwards created him Prince of Wales, and beftowed on him all the Lands, Honours, and Revenues belonging to the faid Principality. The Prince hath ever (ince been (filed Prince of Wales, Duke of /Itjuitain and Cornwal, and Earl of Chefier and Hint, which Earldoms are always conferred upon him hy Letters Patent. Since the Union of England and Scot¬ land, his Title hath been Magnx Britannic Frinceps, but more ordinarily the Prince of Wales. As Eldeft Son to tl'.e Kingof CcorZ/im/, he is Duke of Roihfay, and Senefeha! of Scotland from his Birth. The King of England's, Eldeft Son (fo long as Normandy remain’d in their hands) was always (fil’d Duke of Nor¬ mandy, Anciently the Princes Arms of Wales, whilft they were Soveraigns, hire quarterly Gules, indOr, four Lyons p.ijfant gardant counterchanged. The Arms of the Prince of Wales at this day, dilTcr from thole of the King, only by addition of a Label, of three Points, charged with nine Ttrieaux, and the Device of the Prince is a Coronet, beautified with three Ojhich Feather;, inferibed with Icb dien, which, in file Oam.w, cr Oil SiUon Tongue, is, / ferve, alluding, perh.ips, to iliac in the 112 EIjclDjcrfint &t«(C Part II the Gofpel, Tie Heir, iviUJl Hi Father liveth, t/iffenii not from a Servant. This Device was born at the Battel of Crefj], by John, King cf Bohemia, ferving tltcre' under tlie French King, anti there (lain by Edrrard the 6/«^ Trince, (ince worn bv tlie I’rinces/ of IVales, anti by tltc Vulgar called the Piinces Arms. ©igllifV.] The Prince, in our Law, is reputed as the fame p'erfon with the King, and fo declared by a Statute of Henry the Eiglith, Coriifcat enim Princej'i ffaj our Lawyers) Radiis Regis Patris fui, cenfcsiir ma its- fona cum ipfo. And the Civilians fay , the King’s Eldeft Son may be {filed a King. ^jihilfgEff.] He hath certain Privileges above other Perfons. To imagine tlie Death of the Prince, to violate the Wife of the Prince, is made High Treafon. He hath had Privilege of having a Purveyor, and taking Purveoance as the King. He can retain and qualifie as many Chaplains as he llull pi cafe. ■fethe Prince, at the age of 15, was a certain Aid of Money from all the King’s Tenants, and all that held of him in Capirr, bv KnightS'Service, and Free-Soccage, to make him a Knight. Yet as the Prince in Nature is a dirtinft Perfon from the King -, fo in Lasv alfo, in fome Cafes, he is a Suhjell, iioldeth bis Principalities ai\A Seignories of the King, giveth the fame Refpeft to the King, as other Subjefts do. x\{hrnilCEi.] The Revenues belonging to the Prince, fi'.ice much cf the Lands and Demefns of that Dutcliy have been alienated, are cfpecially out of the Tinn-Mims in Coi nival, which with all other Profits of that Dutch)', amount yearly to the fum of iqcoo /. The Revenues of the Principality of IKr/er, Purvey’d Three Hundred years ago, was above 4680/. yearly ■, a rich Eftate, according to the value of Money in thofe days. At prefent his whole Revenues may amount to about 20000 /. per Annum. Till the Prince camp to be Fourteen years old , all things belonging to the Principality of KWer, were won: PartH. of ENGLAND. 115 to be difpofcd of by Commiffioners, confiding of fome principal Pcrfons of the Clergy and Nobility. CaOetO.] The Cadets, or younger Sons of England, are created (not born) Dukes or Earls, of what Places or Titles the King pleafeth. They have no certain Appanages, as in France, but only what the good pleafurc of the King bedovis upon them. All the Ring’s Sons are Confiliarii natt, by Birch-fight Counfclbirs of State, that fo they may grow up in the weighty affairs in the Kingdom. The Daughters of England are diled Princejfes, the El¬ ded of which had an Aid, or certain Rate of Money paid by every Tenant in Capite, Knights-fertiice and Soccage, to¬ wards her Dowry or Marriage-Portion; and to violate her unmarried, is High Treafon at this day. To all the King’s Children belong the Title of Royal Kkhnefs ; all Subjefls are to be uncovered in their prefence, to kneel when they arc admitted ro kifs their hands, and, at Table, they are Cout of the King’s prefcnce^ fervcd on the Knee. The Children, the Brothers and Sifters of the King, being Plaintiffs, the Summons in the Procefs need not have the folemnity of Fifteen Days, as in Cafe of other Subjefls. All the King’s Sons, Grandfons, Brothers, Uncles, and Kephewsof the King, are by Stat. 3. Hen, 8. to precede others in Engl,end. It is true, the w6rd Grandfon is not there in terminis, but is underdood, fas Sir Edward Cook. holds) by Nephew, which in Latin being Nepos, fignifies aifo, and chiefly, a Grandfon. The Natural, or Illegitimate Sons and Daughters of tlic King, after they are acknowledged by the King, have had here fometimes by Courtefie, as in France, precedence of all the Nobles, under thofe of the Blood Royal. They bear what Surname the King pleafeth to give them, and for Arms, the Arms of England, with a Bajhn, or a Border Gobionne, or fome other mark of lllegisimation. CHAP- Eljc &tate Part 11. 114 CHAP. IX. Of the prefer Piinces and Princefles of the , BLwd ; and fqt of her Royal Highnefs the Princefs ANNE of Denmark. T H E next Heir to the Crown of England is the Princefs Anne, fccond Daughter to the late King, and only Siller to the prefent Queen of England ; was born the 6 th oi Febraaij 1^4. whole Godfather was Gilhert late Lord Archbilhop oiCanterbur), and her Godmothers were .■'tile young Lady Maty, her Siller, now Queen of England, and the Dutcliefs of Monmouth. She had her Education, together with her Royal Sifter the prefent Queen, under the Government of the Honourable Lady Frances I'illiers, Daughter to the Earl of Sufall;,, and Mother to the pte- fent Lord Vifeount VUliers. Tlicir Chaplains and Tutors were the Reverend Doflor Donghry and Doftor Lahe, un¬ der the Direflion and Supcrintendance of my Lord Bilhop of Linden. In the year after aTreaty between Englandani Denmarh^, llie was difpofed of by the care of her Uncle King Charles the Second (who was fo tender of the peace of Gcent Britain, as to Match both his Nieces to Prote- ftant Princes) in Marriage to his Royal Highnefs George Prince of Denma)\, on the i£r/a of July, being St. Annds Day ; by whom her Royal Higlinefs hath had divers Chil¬ dren, the Lady Mary, the Lady Anne, the Duke ofGlocefter, another Lady M.iry, and a Son named George, &c. of which there is only living his Highnefs ITrl/i.™ Duke of Ghcejler. The I'rinccis is a Lady, whofe Perfeflions natural and ac.iuired , are equal to her high Birth: She is of juft Height and Proportions, decorous in Mein, Nolale in Afpect, line and tender in Complexion, and withal bright and healthful. She is quick of Apprchenfion, mild in Difeourfe, and liumble in Addrefs: Governs her C-urt with great Order and Ealinefs, and is her fclf Pjrtll. of ENGLAND. 115 an Illuftrious Example of Piety, Honour, Munificence, Temperance, Abftemioufnefs, and all kind of I’robity, not only in puhlick to all, but to her Lidiesand Women that wait on her in private; (hining always like a true Gem, tlio' it be in the dark. And (that which is above allj fhe isa devout Worfliip- per of God, a frequenter of his Word and Sacraments, and in all refpefts a true Daughter of the Church of E'iUnd. In cafe this Princefs lliould furvivc Prince Crar^e, it was agreed by the Articles of Marriage, thai her Dowry Ikould be 6250 l.SmVwgpsr Annum, and this fccured upon the Bailagc of Wardirgburg, and the Ifland of Febmatn. Prince George, Hereditary Prince of Veninnrk. and A’cr- ira;, &c. fecond Son of Fredericl(^the Third, late King - of Denmarl;, 8ic. and only Brother to this King ChrijUern the Fifth, was born at Copenbugen in /pril 16 ; where liis Royal Highnefswas educated in a Prince-like manner, till the year id-JS. then went to travel into Holland, France, England, and thence into Italy. In the year id/o. came back to Copenhagen, and about threcycars afterwards, be¬ ing twenty years old, he travelled into Germany, and took a view of the two puilTant Armies then encamped near tlie Rhine, whereof one belonged to the Emperor, and the other to the French King. In the year 1673. his Royal Higlinefs ferved in the War againft the Stredcr, and was at the taking of Wifmar. T he next year he commanded a part of the VanijJj Army, at the fignal Battel of Lunden, in Sebonen, againft the King of In the year 1677. he commanded again a part of the Dai.if; Atmy, at the famous Battel of Landsl^oon, where he greatly hazarded his Royal Perfon, and fignalizqdids Valour. .’■.."tiV.'r.- Afterwards his Royal Higlinefs made feveral Voyftgjsdn- 10 Cerw/in;, and continued fome years abroad. - In July \6Z]. he was Married to her Royal .Higlinefs the Princefs Anne, by whom he hath had feveral Sons and Daughters, as aforefaid. By the Articles of Marriage, he is declared to be received as one of the Princes of the P.’ood- Royal of England. All his Officers and Servants to be fro.-n 'imeto time appointed by and with the approbation of II <5 &tate PartE the King of En^torf. His Revenue coming from Dm- mark to be feventy thoufand Crowns yearly, or fcvemeen thoufand five hundred Pounds Sterling , of which ont parr arifes from a Branch of the Cufioms alTigncd for this purpofc, the reft comes from Iiis Highnefs Lands and Demefns out of the Ifle of Fehmarn from the Bail- lages oiWardingburg and , a Revenue in that Country greater than thrice as much in England. His Royal Higlinefs’s Revenue here is Fifty tlioufand pounds^rr annum, paid by the King; fo that the whole amounts yearly to 77500/* Sterling. Prince Gorge hath four Sifters, the firft Married to George the Tliird, Prince Eledor of Saxonj. The fecond to Cimjliern Adolph, Duke of Holftein Sunderburg. The third to the Prinee EleHor Palatine of the Rhine, lately deceafed without Ilfue; and the fourth to the prefent King of Streden, Charles the Eleventh. Of the Viike of Glocefter. H IS Highnefs William Duke of Glocefler, only Son to their Royal Highnelfes, was born at Hampton-Com the noth of Julp, 1689. His Godfathers were his Majclly King William and the Earl of Dorfet, Lord Chamberlain of the King’s Houftiold; and his Godmother Gertrude Mar- chionefs of Hallifax. His Highnefs is a Child offine Shapt and pleafing Features; is very inquifitive and apprehen- five-, hath an apt Memory, a quick Invention, a svonder- fill plenty of words, a becoming bnsknefs, a gracious in- clination to good things, and whatever excellency of pans can render a Child the objed of three Kingdoms hopts. His Governefs is the Right Honourable Barbara, Vifcoun- tefs Fitgharding, Daughter of the aforementioned Lady Frances Villiers, Part II. of ENGLAND. 117 Of the Princefs Henrietta. T H E next Heir Cafeer the aforementioned) to the EniHlfi Crown, was tlie Princefs /Jemieira, youngeft Siller to the late King of England. She was born the lithoijune 1644. at Exerer,during the heat of the late Rebellion •, after the Surrender of Ex- rltr, conveyed to Oxford-, and thence 1646. to London ; whence, with her Governefs, the Lady Dall’ilth, llie cfca. pedinto France was there Educated as became her higli ■ Birth and Quality; but being left wholly to the care and maintenance of the Queen her Mother, at Park, embraced the Romijli Religion. At theageof 16 years, flie came with the Queen-Mo¬ ther into England, and fix months after returning into France, was married to the only Brother of the French King, the Illuftrious Prince PAi/ip, then Duke ot Anjou, till the Death of his Uncle, and now Duke of Orleans, wliofe Revenue is 1100000 Livers Tiwrnoir, befidcs h\i Appanage not yet fetled. This Princefs left Ifliie two Daughters. She was ufually llilcd Madam only, as being the firft Lady in France. She died fuddcnlyin June 1670. The Eldell Sifler is called Madamoifelle only, or fans qtieve, -/jer , bccaufe Ihe is the firft Gentlewoman nl France: She was in December 11S70. niyried to Charles the Second of that Name, King of Spain, and died with¬ out IlTuc. The Younger Siller is called Madamoifelle de Valois-, married to the Duke of Savoy. The next Heir of the Crown of England, is the Princefs Lwifa. only Daughter of Charles Lodomick^, Prinre Pala¬ tine of the R/iine, born in May 165a. and afterwards mar¬ ried to the prefent Duke of Orleans, only Brother to the French King now reigning, by whom her Royal Kighnefs hath divers Children,whcreof the Eldeft is Duke olChartres. The next Heirs to the Crown of England, after the IlTue of the Dutchefs of Orleans, were three French Ladies, Daughters of Prince Edreard, lately deccafed, who was a I 3 younger iiS Jdiel^jefciu &tate Part 11, younger Son of the Queen of Bihemh, wliofc Widov/. tlie Princefs Dowager, Moihcrto the faiti three Ladies,isSifltt to the late Queen of FoU’ul, Daugliter and Co-heir to the laft Duke of Nners in Frmce-, amongft which three Daughters, there was a Revenue of about iioco /. Sterlki a year. The Eldefl of thefe was married ro the Duke d'En gweti, now Prince of Cindc. The other two Daughters died without Iffue- Lad of all is the Princtfs younged Daughter to the Queen of Bohemia, horn at the 13 Ollob. i6;o. and in 1^53. wedded to E-r,eft Au£iille, Duke of Bmf rvkl^ itd Liwetiburg, tilhop of Ofraburg, now Duke of J/ir.over, a.nd prince Eleftor of Briwft»k\, by wliom (lie hath (lx Sens and one Daugliter. Tlie Elded Son, na¬ med George foifairrc^, in the ^car 16S2. married the Lady Sofhia, the Daughter of the Eieftor of Brandenburg. The only Daughter of the Princefs Palatine Sophia, was married to tlie K.icftnral Prince of Brandenburg. The faid Princefs Palatine Sophia, is faid to he a Perfon of the bed Addrefs, aivl mod accomplifli’d Lady in Europe. So tliat of the Blood Paoyal of the Crown of Engl.nd, lineally defeended from King 7 ''''*^* ^''"S C'Mi'/erthe Find,there are (to the Joy of all Loyal //jfrMen) above Twenty Piinccs and Princelfcs row living in llvcra! parts of Europe. C II A p. X. Of Ecd’.JiafFical Government. T H E GovcrrmcPt of England is Ecelepafiiral, Chit, and Militar)-, of which three Articles, I dialkfor Methods fake, fpeak feparattly and didinftly, although in alUe- fpeds tlie Govcrnm.enc is harmcnioufly united and itidi- viilble under one Head, whois Supreme inallCaufes. For among ilic Ecclefiadic.tl Perfons Governing in the Englipi Church, is, tird tlie Kirg of E'-gland, whois, as the Lawyers fay, I’erfma Sacra cfpf mixea cum Sacerdote ; and PjrtlT. of ENGLAND. iip and at his Coronation, by a Solemn Confecration and Unftion, he becomes a Spiritual Perfon, Sacred and Ec- clefiaftical •, for as he hath put upon Idm Coron.t Kcpii, as an Emblem of hisKingfliip and Power in Temporal:-, fo hath he Sro/u SucerdMir, commonly called /ejlH D^lmutica, as a LeMcal Epboil, to fignifie his Power in Spirituals. He is Supreme Governour in all Caufes, and over all Per- fons, Ecclefiaflical as well aCmls is Pairon P.nnKom of all Ecclefiaflical Benefices in Ettglmd, to whom the lafl Appeals in Ecclefiaflical Affairs are made, who alone hath Power to Nominate Perfons for all Bifhopriclt!, and chief Dignities, as Deaneries, and feme of the befl Prebends in the Church. As foon as the Chriflian Faith was, by Authority, re¬ ceived mo England, one of the Clergy was, in every City, and in fomc great Towns Ordained a Eifhop, who hath (to avoid Confufion, which ufually fprings from Equality) a Pre-eminence over the reft of die Clergy within qtr- tain Prccinfts. Afterwards the Bifliops being neceffitated to meet about Publick Afiairs of the Church at Confccrations, Confulia- tions, for remedy of general Diforders, for Audie. ccs Judicial, when the Afiion of any Bifliop fhould be called in CJueflion, or Appeals from Bifhops, ifc. it feemed re- quifite to our Ar.ccflors (according to other Chriflian Churches ever fince the firflAicene CounciQio havc,amongfl a certain number of Bilhops, one to be chitftfl in Autho¬ rity over the roll, from thence named Ai dicfijapus, Arch¬ er Chief Bifhop, whereof we have two in England called Primates, Mesropolitans, or Archbifltops, that is. Chief Bi- fiiops, the one of CMerkrp, the other of Tor(; each of which have, bclides their peculiar Diocefs, a Province confilling of feveral Diocclfes, and therein by Common Law, a Prerogative of proving Wills, and granting Admi- niflrations, where the Perfon dying had Bona troiabilia, that is, above 5/. in divers Diocefles or Jurifdiftions; alfo l»y Grants of feveral Kings, they liavc each one certain Vrivileges, Liberties, aoA I/mmmiiiei in their own States. Under thefe two Archbidiops are 24 Eifhopricks, where¬ of 21 arc reckoned in the Province of Camerinn, and q in the Province of Torl(, all wRich have the Title of 120 W}t l^jcfent &fcite P^rt li. Lords, by reafon of their Baronies annexed to their Ej. fliopricks, and have Precedence over all other Earom, both in Parliament, and in other Affemblies; amongft thefe prefides always the Bilhop of London, who by anci¬ ent Right is accounted Dean of the Epifeopat College of that R-ovince, and by venue thereof, is to fignifie the Plea- Pure of his Metropolitan to all the Bifhops of the Province, to execute his Mandate, to difperfe his Mifllves on all Emergency of Affairs, to prefide in Convocations of Pro¬ vincial Synods, ^c. During the ncceffary abfcnce of the Metropolitan, next to Lennon, in Parliament, precedes DaiWn, and then Winchefler ■, all the reft of the Bifhops take place accor¬ ding to the Seniority of their Confecrations. 1 he Funftion of an Englilh Bifliop confifts in what he may Aft, either by his Epifcop.il Order, or by his Epifcopnl JurifdiHwi. By his Epifeopnl Order he may Ordain ncitcons and Triejh-, he may Dedicate C/jm cAca and B/irying-pto/j may adminifter the Rites and Ceremonies of Confrmatm-, .without wl'.om none of thefe may be done. The JurifMhn of a Bifhop is either Ordinary or Dele¬ gated-, his Ordinary Jnrifdillm is what by the i.aw of the Land belongs to each Bifhop in his own Diocefs; the Delegated is what the King is pleafed to conferr upon him, not as a Bifliop, but as he is a Subjeft, and a con- ftderable Member of the Kingdom. In the Ordinary Jnrifdillm of a Bilhop, as a Bifhop, may bcconfidcred either the Jurifdiftion it felf, or what is inflated in him by the Law of the Land, for the better execution of that Jurifdiftion. The Jurifdiftion it felf is Eftabliftied partly by Statute Law; zs to Lkenfe Phficiani, Chirmgeons, and Sclml-m- flers-, to Unite and Cmfolidate (msli Parifljes to Afijl the Civil'Magiftrates in Execution offome Statutes, concerning Ecclefiaftical Affairs; to compel the payment of tenths and Snbfidies due from the clergy to the King. partly by Common Law, as upon the King’s Writ to certifie the Judges touching Legitimate and Illegitimate 'Births and Marriages, ' [part II. of ENGLAND. 121 And partly by Common and Ealcfiaftical Law together, Its to caufe Wills of the Dcccafcd to be proved, to grant iAdrainiftration of Goods of fuch as die inteftate, to give [order for the gathering and preferring of perilhable [Good', where none is willing to Adminifter, to caufe Ac- irount to he given of Adminillrations, ro collate Benefices, 10grant Infiitutions to Benefices upon Prefentations of Ollier Patrons, to command Indudion to be given, to order the coilefting and prcfci-vrog of the Profits of vacant Benefices, for the ufc ot the SuccelTors, to defend the Francliifes and Libcrdcs of the Church, to vifit their par- licular DiocelTes once in Three Years, and therein to en¬ quire of the Manners, Carnages, Delinquencies, e 5 rc. of Minifiers, of Church Wardens, of the reft of the Pariftii- tner.', and amongft them, cfpecially of thofe that profefs tkmfclves Phyficians, Chiturgeons, School-maflers, Mid- nives; of Wardens of Hofpitals, how they performed tlieir fcvcral Duties and Trufts; alfo of all other profef- (ingChriftianity, and offendingeitheragainftPiety, asby I Elafphemy, Idolatry, Superftitioii, Perjury, Hercfie, Er- ; rots againft the Thirty-nine Articles, Schifm, Conventicles, abfence from Divine Service, unlawful Ahftinencc from the Sacrament; or elfe oftending againft juftice, as the delaying of the Legacies given to the Poor, or pious Ufes, Dilapidations of Buildings, or Goods belonging to the Church ; taking Ufury beyond the Rate allowed by Sta¬ tute, Simony, or by oftending againft Sobriety, as Drunkennefs, Inccft, Adultery, Fornication, filthy speech, tempting of any ones Chaftjty, Clandeftinc Marriages, as for want of thrice publifliing the Bancs, the want of Parents Confent, the want of Witnelfcs, which rauft be above Two, or Marrying in a private place, in an undue time, before fiighc in the Morning, and after Ttyelyc of the Clock in the Day. Now, for the better executing of this Jurifdiftion, tlie law of Englnitd hath furnift.ed the Billiops with a power cf Kalsfmflkd Cer.fun-s, whereof fome may be infiifted hoth upon Lay-men and Church men, as Sul'penfion from cntritig into the Church, or clfc from receiving the Sacra¬ ment, or greater Excommunications, ifyc. Other may be iiiftified only uyonEcdefiaftical Perfens, asSequeftratipn 122 Ep Pjffcnt State Part of their Ecclcfiaftical Profits, Sufpenfioiis, fometimt! Officii, fometimts a Bcneficio, or botli Deprivatin, Vepifition, wiiicli is fometimes Verbal, by Sentenct | nounced againft them, and fometimes Real, by Dcpi tion. Here no c, That of all thefe Cenfurts, Fxcum cation is never to be infiiftcd but only for Conlimat) when a Perfon being duly fummoned, will notapptai appearing, will not obey the Orders of the Eifliop. SlrcIjbit^Op.] Before the coming of the Saxom] Enffiand, the Chtijiian Britain! had three Archhiffitpi, of London, and Caerleon, an ancient great City South-Wales, upon the Stiver't;,be, (asbcfore-mentioni Afterward tlte Archicpifcopal See of London, was by Saxons placed at Canterbur/, for the fake of Aujik Monk, who firft preached the Golpcl there to the / then Saxons, and was there buried. The other ofCaer was tranfiated to St. Davids in Pembrohefiiire, and af wards fubjefted wholly to the See of Camerbur ); f which, all England and Wales reckon but two Arclibiflii Canterbury and Torl^ Canterburp.] The Archbiffiop of Canterbury anciti had Primacy, as well over all Ireland as England, and liflt Bifhops received their Confecrations from him; Ireland hid no other Archbidtop ui.til the year 1152; therelore in the time of the two firfi Herman Kings it declared, That Canterbur) was the Metropolitan Clio of England, Scotland, and Inland, and the Ifies adjaci He wa, therefore fometimes Ailed a Patriarch, (and a triarch was a chief Biffiop over fcveral Kingdoms or Pro ces, as an A chbiflnp is of fcveral Dioceffes) and hadfev Arclibilhops under him; was fometimes called Alri orbit Papa, iy orbit B’ttannki I’ortifex-, and Matters d and Rccor.dcd in Ecckliaflical nflairs, ran thus, Annoi tiffiatus mfiri Prime, Sec-ndo. Stc. He was Lcgatiis ni that is, a perpetual Leganune Pomcr was annext to 1 Archbifhoprick near one ihoufand ycarsago; whereb! other Legate, Nuncio, or Ambajfador from tl’.c Bifiinf Rome could here exerrife any Legmtine Power, witl fpecial Licenfe from the King. He was fo highly rcfpc partll. of ENGLAND. 123 jiroad, tliat in General Councils he was placed before all other Arclibifhops, at the Pope’s right foot. He was at tome fo liiglily honoured by the King of EnnUnd, that ac¬ cording to the prafticc of God’s own People the Jem, itherc Aam was next in Dignity to M’fes, and according to the praftice of mod other CMjlim States, where the Best in Dignity and Authority to the Sovereign, isufually the cliiefeft Perfon of the Clergy, he was accounted the ftcond Perfon in the Kingdom, and named and ranked even before the Princes of the Blood. He enjoyed fome fpecial marks of Royalty, as to be Patron of a Bifhoprick, ps he was of Rochejlcr) to coyn Moneys, to make Knights, and to have the Wardfliip of all thole who hold Lands of him jure fltmimi, (as it is cailedj although they held in Ofne other Lands of the King; a Frincel; Freregatm, even jgainft the King’s Written Prerogative. In an ancient Charter granted by William the Conque¬ ror to Lanfranc, Atchbifhop of Caaterbmg, he is to hold his Lands with the fame freedom, in Vominu fm, (as the words are) as the King holdcth his in Dominio fm, except only in two or three Cafes, and thofc of no great Importance, It is an ancient Privilege of the Sec of Canteriur), that wliercfoever any Manors, or Advowfons, do belong unto that See, that place forthwith becomes exempt from the Ordinary, and is reputed a Peculiar, and of the Diocefsof Carter bury. The Ardlbifhop of Cantcrbiirr, by the favour of our Ring, is judged fit to enjoy ftill divers conftderablc Pre- , eminences. He is P>im.ite oyer all England, and Metropolitan, hatha Super-cmincncy, and fome Power, even over the Archbifliop of Tirb-, hath Power to fummon him to a National Synod, and Arebiepifeepus Eboracenfis venire d.bet mm Epifeopit ftiis, ad nutnm ejus, ut ejns Canonicit difpofitionibus Aediens exijiat. The Archbifliop of Canterbury is at this day Primus par 1 Regni, the firfl Peer of England, and next to the Royal Family to precede not only all Dukes, bur all the great Oiheers of the Crown. At the late folcmn Cornnat'on of King Charles the Se¬ cond, it was exprefiy order’d in doingHomage to the King,, that according to ancient cuftom, the ArcUbilhops and Bifhops 124 srJje ¥ 5 ?Efcnt @)tate Part If. Bifliops rtiojild precede even the Duke of Tort, and ij the Lay-Lords. He is ftilcd by the King, in his Writs direfted to him, Dei gmin Ai-chiepifcopi Cantmienji, and writes himfclf Di- ■uina Provideniia, whereas other Bilhops write DivinaPi,. mijfmr, andheisfaidtobe/nthronerf, when heisinvclieij in the Archbifhoprick. To Crown the King belongs to him, and it Iiath been r.cfolved, that wherefoever the Court 'fliall happen to bt, tile King and Queen are Speciales Dmeftki Pambim mini Ar. Can, and had anciently the Holy Offerings made at the Altar by the King and Queen, wherefoever die Court fhould happen to be, if his Grace were there pre- fent. He hath alfo tlie Power of appointing the ie/j, Preachers. The Bifhop of London is accounted his Provincial Dees, thcBifhopof U'inchefter hii Chancellor, and the Biflioprf Rochefler liis Chaplain. In writing and fpeaking to him, is given the Title of Grace, Cas is to all Dukes) and JHoft Reverend Father (« Cod. He hath the Power of Probate of all Tefiaments, and granting Letters of Adminijlraim, where the Party dy¬ ing had Bona R'otabilia, that is. Five Pounds worth, oi above, out of tlie Diocefs wherein he died; or Ten Pounds worth within the Diocefs of London-, or if die Party dying be a Bilhop, though he have no Goods out of the Diocefs where he died. Alfo to make Wills for all fuch as die intcliarc within his Province, and to Admini- fler their Goods to the Kindred, or to pious Ufes, accor¬ ding to his Difcrction: Which moft tranfeendent Trull and Power, isfo anciently in England belonging to Eilliopj, that the bell Antiquary cannot find the lirA Original thereof. By Stai. 25. Hen. 8. he hath the Honour and Power to grant Licences and Difpenf.uions in all Cafes heretofore fued for in cite Court of Rome, not repugnant to the Law ol God, or the King’s Prerogative ; as to allow a Clerk to hold a Benefice in Commendatn or Truft ; to allow a Son fcoritrary to the Canons) to fucceed his Father immedi¬ ately in a Benefice; to allpw a Clerk rightly qualified, to pjit II. of ENGLAND. 125 hold two Benefices with Cute of Souls; to difpcnfe with I Irregularity contrafted without a Man’s own Default, at by deleft of Body or Birth, or by accidental killing of a Man, to take off the guilt of Simony; to allow a Benefited Clerk, for certain Caufes, to be Kon-refiJent for feme time; to grant Difpenfations to Sick, to Old People, to Women with-Child, to eat Flelhondays whereon it was forbidden; to conffitute Publick Notaries, whofe (ingle Teftimony is as good as the Teftimonies of any two other Perfons. All which aforementioned Lkenca, Di~ (pfams, &c. the faid Archbilh. grants by himfelf, or by his Deputy,called the Mijler of Faculties,in allhisMajenies Dominions, except Scotland and lehnd ; for all the new late Acquifitions to tliis Crown, as Virginia, Kew-England, tar~ itdos, Barmudos, &c. were heretofore added by due Au¬ thority to the Province of CanteriHr/, and put under the Diocefs of London. He hath alfo the Power to grant Lite- w tnitorias, whereby any one that brings his Appeal, may profecute the fame without any Molefiation; to beftow one Dignity or Prebend in any Cathedral Church within his Province, upon every Creation there of a new Bilhop; who is alfo to provide a fufficient Benefice for one of the Chaplains of the Archbifhop, or to maintain him till it be cfeftcd. By the Stat. primo Elix. it is provided. That the Queen, by the advice of the Atchbifliop, might ordain and pu- blifii fuch Rites and Ceremonies, as may be for God’s Glo- ly, for edifying of the Church, and due Reverence of the Sacraments, He hath the Prerogative to confecratea Bifiiop, (though it mull be done in the prefence, and with the amilance of two other Bilhops, as every Bifliop gives Ordination, but ufually with the affiflance of Presbyters) to afiign Coadjx- lirs to infirm Bilhops, to confirm the Eleftion of Bilhops ivithin his Province; to call Provincial Synods according to the Ring’s Writ always direfted to him; to be Moderator in the Synods or Convocations, to give his Suffrage there lall of all; to vilit the whole Province; to appoint a Guardian of the Spiritualities, during the vacancy of any Bilhoprick within his Province, whereby all the Epifcopal Rites of that Diocefs belong to him, all Ecclcliallical Jurif- diftions, as Vifitations, Inllitutions, &c. The 126 anje p?ffeiit PartllJ The Archbifhop may retain and qualific eight CbJ liins, which is two more than any Duke by Statute « allowed to do. The Archbiihop of Canterh-rj liath moreover the Poj. er to hold divers Courts of Judicature, for deciding of Differencts in Ecclefiaftical Affairs, as his Court of AtdxA his Court of Audience, \ns Prerogative Court, and his Court of Peculiars-, all which fhall be handled particularly. Thefeand other Prerogatives and Privileges, the Wif. dom of our firft Reformers thought fit to be retains, and added to the chief Perfon (funder the King^ of tlie Church of England. The next Perfon in the Church ofEngU} is the Archbiihop of Torl^, who was anciently alfoof very hith Repute in this Nation, and had under his Province, | not only divers Bifliopricks in the North of England, bet all the Bifliopricks of Scotland for a long time, until the Year 1470. when Pope Sixtus the hourth created the Bi. fhop of it.Andrexvs, Archbiihop, and Metropolitan of all Scotland- He was alfo Legatus natus, and had the Legantine Office and Authority annex’d to that Archhiflioprick. He hath flill the place and precedence of all Dukes, not of the Royal Blood, and of all great Officers of State,ex¬ cept only the Lord Chancellor; hath the Title of Gract, and APjl Reverend Father in God-, hath the Honour to Crown the and to be her perpetual Chaflain. He is'alfo ftilcd Primate of England, and Metropolitan of his Province, and hath under him tlie Bifliopricks of Tor\, Durham, CarliJIe, CheJIer, and that of the f/le of Mm, only Durham hath a peculiar Jurifdiftion, and in many things is whol y exempt from the Jurifdiftion ofthe Arch- bifliop. He had the Rights of a Count Palatine over Ncxamjlirt in Northumberland -, may quahfie alfo eight Chaplains, and hath within his Province divers other Prerogatives and Privileges, wliich the .Archbifliop of Canteybur;\mh with¬ in his own Province. [TiifliOpSJ. The next in place amongfl the Clergy of England, are the BiHicps, fo called from the Saxon word Bt/cfsp, and that from theCiwt, ’Er'tQKcarQ-, Sfeetthmt, Exphrator, Part II. of ENGLAND. 127 jif/jM/or, vel Superintendms, an Officer among the Hea- ttas, fo called, prjurat pm 6" gmMm, [tifepi ftii™ ckrijUams prieji pmi & vi^ui fpiritmli. All the Eifhops of England are Barons and Peers of the Rtalra; they ate Batons by a threefold manner, (which tannorbe faid of the Lay-Lords) they are Fadal, in re- [irti of Lands and Baronies annex’d to their Bifliopricks} lev are Barons by IVrir, being fummoned by the King’s Writ to Patliament; and they arc created Barons by Pntm, ihich by their Confecration is always exhibited to the Rrrhbilhop. Tb.ey have the Precedence of all Temporal I Eatons under Vifeounts- In Parliament have place in ilicZ^ffer Hwfe, in a double Capacity, not only as Barons, bitas Bidiops-, fur before they were Barons, they had in ill times place in the Great Council of the Kingdom, and t!:ere ever placed on Ring’s Right Hand, not only to give ikir Advice as Judges do, butud tra/landttm^ordinandwn, ibittndHm, dejiniendiim, &c. They have tlie Title of lifi/r, and Right Reverend Fathers. All Bifliops in England have one or two tranfeendenc P/ivilcges, which feem almoft Regal, as in their own Court to judge and pafs Sentence alone by thcmfelves, niihout any Colleague or Allelibr; which is not done in oil'.cr of the King’s Courts; for the Bifliops Courts (tho’ litld by the King’s Authority, Fhinre Magijiratiis fm, ..nd toghall Jurifdiflion in England is inf.parably annexed 10 the Crown, yet) are not accoun ed to be properly ihe King’s Courts, and therefore the Bifliops fend out Writs in their own Names; Fefte the Eilhop, and not in ihc King’s Name; as all the King’s Courts, properly fo cal- ltd, do. Moreover, Bilhops have this other tranfeendenc Pri- tiltgc, to depute their Authority to another, (as the King doth) titlicr to their Bijhops Sujjragans, to their Cbantdvt, to shetr CommiJJdriej, or other Officers, which tone of the King’s Judges may do. All Bifliops have one Privilege above and beyond all Uy-Lords, vit^. That in whatfoever Chriftian Prince’s Dominions they come, their Epifcopal Dignity and Dc- free is acknowledged; and they may, 'qaatcntis Biflsaps, conferr Orders, cf'e. Whereas no Lay-Baron, Vifeounr, Marquifs, 128 State Partu Marquifs, nor Duke, is in Law acknowledged fucli; oj of tire Dominions of the Prince who conferred tlidi Honours. The Laws and Culioms of EngLmd are fo tender of th Honour, Credit, Reputation, and Perfons of BiOiopj, („, Spiritual .Fathers, that none might (without fpeciallj. cenfc from the King firfl obtained] be indifled of aj Crime before any Temporal Judge, Upon fevere Penalty by our Laws, no Man may rjfj Reports, whereby Scandal may arife to the Perfon olaij Bilhop, or Debate and Difeord between them, and tli Commons of England. In Civil Tryals where any Bifhop is Plaintiff or Dcftn. danr, the Bilhop may, as well as any Lay-Lord, chalbji the Array, if one Knight at leafl be not returned of ih Jury, and it fhall be allowed unto him as a Privilege da to his Peerage. In criminal Tryals for Life, allBifhops by Magna Ch. ta, and Stat. 25 Edn>, 3. arc to be Tryed by their Pete, who are Barons, and none under; notwithllandingtk late conceit of fome Lawyers, that becaufe Bilhops imj not be on the criminal Tryals of a Peer, therefore lit not to be Tryed by Peers; for fo neither may Bilhops k Tryed by a common Jury, becaufc they may not be 01 the Tryal of fuch men. Moreover, Noble Women iray not be on the Tryal of Peers, and yet they are to k Tryed by Peers of the Realm; and there is no Ltgil Precedent in England of a Bilhop, remaining a Bilhop, that ever was Tryed for his Life, but by Peers of tht Realm. Anciently indeed, Bilhops were fo exempted, as not at all to be Tryed by Temporal Judges, till afiei Deprivation and Degradation, and then being thereby rcn-l dred no Peers, but common Perfons, they might be Tryed by common Juries. Since the Reformation , the Englifi Protejiant Bij!)^! have been fo conftantly Loyal and True to the Crows, (to the envy of Nonmfirmijls) and fo free from all Ca¬ pital Crimes, that there is yet no Precedent in Engtari for their manner of Tryal for Life. As for that common Alfertion, That m Lords of Parliament are to be Tijei k their Peers, bus fuch as fit there , Ratione Nobilitatis, arl p^rt II. of ENGL AND. i2p lia (tH Lit)'-Lords have place in Parliament for [that Reafint jtisnot only falfe,'but frivolous, in the Judgment of very piany judicious Men. And indeed how abfurd and un- reafonable muft it needs be, Qcc all men judge) that an Archbilhop of Car.terbiir), who is acknowledged to be Primus par Rcgni, (hould be Tryed by a common Jury of Freeholders, when as the meaneft uy-Baron, though created but yefterday, may not be Tryed by any under Barons. In Parliament the Bifiopt and Barons may be prefenc and vote at the Tryal and Arraignment of a Peer of the Realm; only before Sentence of Death, or lofs of Mem¬ ber be pronounced, (that they may have no hand in Blood, no hand in dertroying, but only in faving.) They have, by Canon Law, the Privilege and Injunffion to at> fent themfelvcs, and by Common Law to make Proxies to vote for them. I’rimo Eli^. Cap. z. It is exprefly declared , That all Lords of Parliament (without any exception of Lords Spiritual) fiiould be Tiyed in that particular by their Peers. The Bifiops of England enjoy at this day many other Privileges, as Freedom from Arrefls, Outlawries, Diftrefs ;;r Equitatwam, or in a Journey; Liberty to Hunt in any of the King’s Forefls or Parks, to kill one or two Deer, going from, or coming to the King upon his Order; to have certain Tuns of Wine free from Imports, tlppc. The Perfons of Eifhops may not be feized upon Con- 1 tempt, (as the Perfons of Lay-Lords) but their Tempo¬ ralities may only be feized. Every BiPiop may by Statute-Law qualifie as many Chap¬ lains as a Duke, vk. Six. The Law of Englind attributeth fo very much to the word of a Bi/Bop, that not only in the Tryal of Ballard), the Bifhsps Certificate lhall fuffice, but alfo in the Tryal oiHerefie, which toucheth a Man’s Life: Upon the Biflropi bare Certificate, that any Man hathbeenconviflcd before, him of Herifie, the Secular Power puts him to death without any Tryal by his Peers, till the late Parliaraenr, for fome emergent Caufe, thought fit to alter that Courle. The 130 2 Cl)e pjefcHt 5 &tate Partli, The Perfons of the Spiritual Governours of the Chnrth of EngUnd, are of fuch high and tender RefpeS in tin Eye of tlie Law, that it is thouglit fit to cxatt the fame from a Clergy-man to hisBilhop or Ordinary, as from a Child to his Father, and therefore tnide the OITences of Parricide zni fgi/cjpicii/e equal, wa;.both petty-Treafon. Next to the two Archbifhops of England^ the Bifhop of Undm amoiigft all the Bifhops hath the pre-eminence, EpijeopHs Londinenfn (faith an ancient Record) fpcciili quadar;; dignitnte citerU antepenendar, quia Ecclefu Cantm- enfis Vicanus ej] PrmincialU. Being Bifhop over thefe. perial and Capital City of England, it is by a Stamte of later times exprefly provided , that he fliould have dc preference and precedence of all the Bifhops of England, wliereby he is become, (as heretofore, the Lord Prior of the Orifer of St. John of Jerusalem') Primus Baro Rtgrii, as the Lord Abergaveny is Primus Baronum Laicorum. Next amongfi thole of the Epifiopal College, is the Bifhop of Durham, within the Province of Torl(^, who hath been a Count Palatine fix or feven hundred years; Wlierefore the common Seal of the Bilhoprick hath been of a long time an Armed Knight, holding in one hand a Nailed Saord, and in the other a Church. He hath alfo at this day the Earldom of Sadberg an¬ nexed long ago to the Bilhoprick by the King. In the fifth place, by virtue of the forementioned Statute is the Bifhop of Winchejler reputed anciently Earl of Southampton, and fo Ailed in the Statutes of the Honou¬ rable Order of the Garter, by ffenr; the Eighth; though foon after that Earldom was otherwife difpofed of. After thefe aforenamed,all the other Bifhops take place according to the Seniority of their Confecration, unlefs any Bifhop happen to be made Lord Chancellor, Trca- furer, Privy-Seal, or Secretary of State; which anciently was very ufual, as reputed for their Piety, Learning, An¬ gle Life, Diligence, tfye. far more fit for the Advantage and Service of the King and Kingdom, than any Lay-men: and in fuch a Cafe, a Bifhop being Lord Chancellor, had place next to the Archbilhop of Canterbury, and above the Archbilhopof and being a Secretary of State, had place next to the Bifhop of Winchejler, pjrttt of ENGLAND. 131 Jn ExaB Catalogue of the BISHOTS of England; ranked in their Vroper ORDER. D r. John Ttlhtfat, Lord Archbirtiop of Canterbxr). Dr. John Sharp, Lord Archbifhop of Ter'^ Dr. Henry Compton, Lord Eilhop of London. Dr. Kathanael Crerr, Lord Bifhop of Durham. Dr. Peter Mew, Lord Bilhop of Winehefler. Dr. WiUiam Beau, Lord Bilhop of Landaff. Dr. William Lloyd, Lord Bilhop oiCoventry und Litchfield. Dr. Thomas Smith, Lord Bilhop of Carlifie. Dr. Thomas Sprat, Lord Bilhop of Rochejier. Dr. Jonathan Ttelawny, Lord Bifhop of Exeter. Dr. Thomas Watfon, Lord Billiop of St. Davids, Dr. Gilbert Burnet, Lord EiOiop of Salubury. Dr. Humphry Humphreys, Lord Bifhop of Bangor. Dr. Nicholas Stratford, Lord Bifhop of Chefier. Dr. Edward Stillingfieet, Lord Bilhop of Worcefier, Dr. Simon Fatricl^, Lord Bilhop of Ely. Dr. Gilbert honfide. Lord Bilhop of Hereford, Dr. John Hough, Lord Bilhop of Oxford, Dr. John Moor, Lord Bifhop of Norwich. Dr. Richard Cumberland, Lord Bilhop of Peterborough. Dr. Edward Fowler, Lord Bifhop of GloceOer. Dr. Robert Grove, Lord Bilhop of Chichefler. Dr. Richard Bidder, Lord Bilhop of B.ith and Weds. Dr. John Had, Lord Bifhop of Brilhl. Dr. Thomas Tenifon, Lord Bilhop of Lincoln. Dr. Edward Jones, Lord Bifhop of St. Afaph. Thcfe are all Barons and Peers of the Realm; thefe have place in the Upper Houfe of Parliament, and in the Upper Hw/e of Convocation’, and thefe are the Lords Spiritusl. Next follow the Commonr 5j)irifiiii/,confiHing of Suffragan Eifiiips, Beans, Archdeacons, Prebendaries, ReClors, and Kirurij to whom alio belong divers confidcrablc Ptivilcges. K i - - 132 E!j£ Pjcfcnt &tate Part II For eafing the Bidiop of fome part of his burthen, a' the number of CoriJiiMS waxed great, or tlie Diocefs \n^ large, tlicre were ordained in tlie Primitive Times, chi- epifapi, Suffrugan, or Sitbftdiarj Bifiiops. Accordingly, ij the EngUp) Gl-.urch, of a long time, there have been fucli ordained by the name of Bijhops Suffragans, or Titular Bi- fJnps, who have the Name, Title, Stile, and Dignity tf Bidiop', and (as other Bilhops^ are confecrated by the Archbilhop of the Province, each one to execute fucli Power, Jurifdiflion, and Authority, and receive fuch Pro¬ fits as arc limited in his CommilTion by the Bidiop or Diocefan, whofe Suffragan he is. ' Hjfritg.in Bijhps, by an Aft of Parliament of ffenry the Eighth, dill in force, are to be only of thefe Towns following. The Suffragan Biffiop for the Diocefs of Canterbury, mud be at Diver only; for Tirl^, at Xjlingliam and Hull ; for LonJen, at Colcbefler ; for Durham, at Benvich ; for IWc- chefier, at Guilford, Southampton, and in the Ifle of Wigl.t-, for Lincoln, at Bedford, Leiceffet, Grantham, and Hunting, tin-, for Korrvich, at Thetford and fftv.'clr, for Saliskt;, at Shaftsburp, Melton, and Marlborough-, for Bath and Wells, at Taunton ; for Hereford, at Bridgcmrth ; for Coventry and LitchpiU, iz Shretvsbuiy, (or Bly, az Cambridge-, (or Exe¬ ter, at St. 'Iirmans ; for Carlijle, at Perith. Thefe only to be tlie Secs of Bifliops Suffragans, and no more Suffn- guns allowed, than lo many to lacli Diocefs, as above- mentioned. fii publick Alfcmblies tiiey were to take place next after the I'emporal Peers of the Realm. In the abfence of the Bifliops, imployed oft upon EmbafTies a- broacl, or rchclingat Court, to advife the King, thefe did ufually fupply their places. A Suffragan Bifhtp is made, in cafe the .erchbijhip, or. fome other Bijhp, for the belter Government of his Diccefs defiie the fame; and in fucli cafe, the Bilhop is to prcftiir two able Men for any one place aforenamed, wliereof his Majefty cliufetli one; but we have none now in England of this kind, unlefs the Bidiop of tilt- IJle of Man may be reckon’d one. For fjpply of able and fit Perfons to allid Bidiops, or to make Eilhops, it feemed good to Reverend Antiquity, that in every Diocefs a certain number of the more pru¬ dent pjrfll. 0 f ENGLAND. 153 Ant 30") pious Pjflors flioulH be pluced in a ro%wffman- ncr,at every Cathedral, or EpifcfalSee-, where they might rot only be ready to alTid the Eilliop in certain weighty Cafes, but alfo fit thcmftivc!, by gaining experience (and Icfing by little and little their former familiarity with il;e inferior Country ClcrgyJ for Government and Autho¬ rity of the Church. Accordingly in every Cathedral Church in Eaglani, there arc a certain number of J’reJen- itries, or Camas, and over them a Dean, in Latin, Dccanm, from Asra.-, bccaure anciently fet over ten Canons at the lealit who is fometimes (lilcd Alter Epifeepi Oetthss, (the rrher being the Archdeacon, who thougli a I’resbpter him- fclf is fo named, for his charge over the Deacons,') who are to be guided and direfted by him under the Eidiop. A C.atahgue of all the Trcfer.t D E/I N S its kih the Frovivccs of Canterbury and Yorf;. T>R. Srirht, Dean of St. Afapb, sDr fnes, Dean cf S.rn^or. Dr Lcici, Dean of B'iflol. Dr. Hooper, Dean of Canterbury. Dr. Orahme, Dean of Carlifle, Dr. E'ii, Dean of Chejier. Dr. Mm’ldnr. Dean of Chiclielier. Dr- Aldri^e, Dean of Chrili's-Clmrch in Oxford. Dr. Comber, Dean of Durham. Dr. Spencer, Dean of Ely. Dr. Annefly, Dean of Exeter. Dr. J.W.!, Dean of Gloccjler, Dr. Toler, Dean of Herefn-d. Dr. A.ldifon, Dean of Litchfeld. Dr. Brevint, Dean of Lincoln. Dr. Fitirfax, Dean of Nortrich. Dr. Sherhdi, Dean,of St. P.tuls London. Dr. Freeman, Dean of yeierboronghl Dr. V Vt, Dean of Rocheller. Df. Woadn>.vd, Dean of Salitbury. K 3 Dr, J34 Stlie^jcfciit , Partll, Dr- B.ithurft, Dean of IVcIlt. Dr. Spr,tt, Bidiop of Richelier, Dean of H'ejimkjler. Dr. Wicl^art, Dean of IVimhefter. Dr. Hasliprd, Dean of WMfor. Dr. Tjibot, Dean of IVorcefter. Dr. Wicl(ham, Dean of lor^. Note, That in the Cathedral Churehes of St. Dnii and of Landuff, there never hath been any Dean, btt the Bifhop in cither is Head of the Chapter; and in tkt Bifhop's ahfenre, the Chaitntcr at St David’s, Dr. Ellis,tisi at Landaff, the Arch-dcacon Dr. Bull. Nile alfo. That there arc feme Dcan.s in Ee^lmi, widiout any Jurifdifiion, only for Honour fo fiiled; ts the Dean of the ChappcI Royal, who at prefent is Dr. Henr} Compton, Lord Bifliop of London: The Dean of Rkpm, Ur. Whel: The Dean of Giiernfep, Dr. and all the Deans created by Hen. 8. Moreover, fome Deans there are without any Chapter, yet enjoying certain Jurifdiftions; as the Dean of Crojdcc, the Dean of Battle, the Dean of Bxl^ini, Mr. Edmrii Stern, &c. and Cljaptrr.] Anciently Eilhops did not or¬ dinarily tranfaft matters of moment, fine concilio Frefbui- rorum principaliwn, who were then called Senatcres Ecclefif, a.nd Colleagues of the Bifliops, reprefented in fome fort by our Cathedrals; wh.ereof the Dean and fome of the Prebends, arc upon the Bidiop’sSummons, to aflTifthimin Ordinations, in l>eprivalions, ab Officio Benefich, in Cei- demnation of obflinate Hcretichs, in the great Excommuni¬ cations, and in fuch like weighty Affairs of the Church. Upon the King’s Writ of Conpe d’ ejlire Cas beforc-menri- oned j the Dean and Prebendaries are to Elcft the of that Diocefs. Cathedral and Collegiate Churches arc, as it were, Seminaries, or Seed-plots, whcrcout from tine to time may be chofen fit perfons to govern ihe Chtrch: For having left the Country, and living here in a Society together, they learn Experience; they read Men; they, by little and little, ppt off the Farnili.irijy of the Inferi- Partll. of ENGLAND. i;5 our Country Clergy, and thereby render themfelves more fit to be fct over them in Government. The Dean and Pribindaries, during their required Refidcr.ce in their Ca- tlidral or CoUegiate Churches, arc to keep Hcfpitality, ufon all Feftivals, to read Divinity in their turns, which is noiv turned to Sermons, or Set-Spcechcs in tlie Pulpit; at due time to adminiftcr the Lord’s Supper; to frequent pnblick Divine Service ; to inftruft the Country Clergy, and direft them how, and what to preach, whereby they may bed profit their Auditors : In a word, as they ex- telo'hers in Dignity, and arc therefore filled Prelates ; fo I by their more Eminent Piety and Charity, they arc to be Examples and Patterns to the Inferior Clergy. Inalmofl every Cathedral, or Bidiop’s Sec, there is a Dtan, and divers Prebendaries, or Canrns, whofe number is in fome more, in fome lefs. deans o( the Old Foundations, founded before the Sup- ptellion of Monaftcries, are brought to their Dignities niBchlike Bilhops; the King firfl fending forth his Conge tejlire to the Chapter, they elefting, and the King grant¬ ing bis Royal Aficnt, the Billtop confirms him,- and gives his Mandate to Inflall him. Deans of the New Foundations (upon Suppredion of Mesor Priories, transformed by Men. 8. into Dean and Chapter') are by a fhortcr courfe Inftallcd by Virtue of the King’s Letters Patents, without cither Elcdlion oi Confirmation. ^ Among the Canons or Prfbfn«rrfi- jard be fufficiently bounded or inclofcd, that there be an exaft Terrier of the Glebe Land •, and if any thing be¬ longing to the chnrch be detained, to fue for the fame ; toobferve that all I’arifucners come daily to Divine Ser¬ vice, to require the penalty for abfcncc, to inquire after, to admoniffi, and to prefent to the l■i^l:op fcanrialcus Li¬ vers, to collcft the Chat it)' of rarifl.ioners for tlic poor S'rangers; to declare, and to execute the Orders of tlie hijliep-, to fee that none prefumc to vent his own Cm- ceptions in the Pulpit, unlcls he hath I fpccial Licenfe fo to do. The Church-rvardetts are F.leflcd every Eajler- W'eek, ufually by the Pxr/on and l’mifi kncrs,\i they fo a- gree; 138 ^jcfciit State Part II. gree; if not, then one by the Parfon, and the other by the Paripihners. Tlicre are alfo in greater Paripies joyned with the church-wardens, Tejles Symdales, anciently called Smis- men, now corruptly Sides men, who are to alfifl the Cimeb- wardens in Inquiries into the Lives of inordinate Livers, and in prefenting Men at Vifitations. Laftly, the Sacriflan, corruptly the Sextm or C/e't, who is ordinarily to be chofen by the Parfm only; he ought to be Twenty years old, or above, of good Life, that can Read, Write, and Sing: His Office is to ferve at Church the hrieft, Curate and Church-wardens, CHAP. XL Of EccJeJlafiical Courts of England, attd frf of the Convocation, F O R the Church Legiflative Power, or the making of Ecclepaflical Laws , and confulting for the more weighty Affairs of the Church, the King, by the Advice of his Privy-Council, ufually convokes a National Synod, commonly called the Convocation, which is fummoned in manner following. The King direfleth his Writ to the Archbifhop of each Province, for fummoning all Bipups, Deans, Archdeacons, Cathedrals, and Collegiate Churches, acco'ding to their bell Dilcretion and judgment, aligning them the time and place in the faid Writ; whereupon the Archbifhop of Can- terbur) direfts his Letters to the Bifhop of London, as his Dean Provincial, firfl citing him peremptorily, and then willing him in like manner to rite all the Bipiops, Deant, Archdeacons, Cathedral snd Collegiate Churches, and all the Clergy of his Province to fiich a place, and fuch a day pre- fixt in the Writ, but direfteth withal, that one ProSor fent for each Cathedral and Collegiate Church, and two for the Body of the inferiour Clergy, of each Diocefs, may fuffice. The Bifhop of London, accordingly, direfls his partII. t>f ENGLAND. inters to the Bifhopof every Diocefs of the Province, d- ling them in like manner to appear, and to admonifti the Dims and Archdeacons to appear perfonally; and the Ca- ihtirnls, Collegme Churches, and inferiour Clergy of the Diocefs, to fend their frolhrs to the place •, and at the day appointed, to certifie alfo to the Archbifhop, the Names of all fo fummoned by them. ■ The place where the Convocation of the Clergy in the Province of Citnterbiiry, hath ufually been held, was St. Paafs Church in London , but of later times St. Peter's in K'tjhninfier, in the Chappei of Henry the Seventh, where ibcreis fas in Parliament) a higher and lower Houfe, or a Houle of Lords-Syiritml, and a Houfe of Commons- Sfiritual. The higher Houfe of Convocation in the Province of Cmterhnry, confifis of Twenty Two Bilhops, whereof the Archbifhop is Prefidenr, fitting in a Chair at the upper end of a great Table, and the Billiops on each fide of the fame Iablc,all in their Scarlet Robes and HoodE,the Archbifhop’s Hood Furred with Ermin, the Bifliopswith Minever. The lower Houfe confifis of all the Deans, Archdeacon', one Proftor for every Chapter, and two Profiors for all the Clergy of each Diocefs, in all, 166 perfot s, vir. Twenty Two Deans, Twenty Four Prebendaries, Fifty Four Archdeacons, and Forty Four Clerks reprefenting the Dioccftn Clergy. The firfl day, both Houfes being affembled, the higher ! chufeth a Bi(h.opfor their Prolocutor, and the lower, be- ' ing required by the higher, chufe them a Prolocutor, or Speaker •, which done, they prefent him to the upper Houfe by Two of the Members, whereof One makes a Speech in Latin, and then the Eleft Perfon makes ano¬ ther Speech in Lntln. Laftly, the Archbifhop anfwcrs in Latin, and in the Name of all the Lords, approves of the Perfon. Both Houfes debate and tranfafl only fuch Matters at his Maicfly by Commifiion exprcfly alloweth- In the upper Houfe things at firfl are propofed, and then communicated to the lower Houfe. The Major Voce in each Houfe prevails. Out of Parliament time they ufually aflemble every day about 140 Elje pjcfnit &Mte Part If, about Nine of the Clock, and firft the Junior Bifhop fayj Prayers in Lmin, beginning with the Litun}, and thenfot tlie King, c 5 rc And in the lower Houfe the Prolocutor fajj I’raycrs. In CommcMm arc debated only Matters concerning Re. ligion and the Church, and aforetime', of giving his Maje. iiy afliflance in Money; foras the Laity cannot be Tasej without their own Confenr, fignified by their Reprefen. tatives in Parliament, fo the Clergy could not, till they vo. luntarily refigned that Privilege, be Taxed without theit; own Confent, fignified by their Reprefentatives in Cic- ' The CIcrgv in Convocation miglit anciently, withoui a'king tlie Royal Alfent, and now may, with the Royal Ali'enr, make Canons touching matters of Religion, to bind, not only themfeb'es, but all the Laity, without Con. fent, or Ratification of the Lords and Commons in Par. liament. Till the Rebellion in the Reign of King Cktrles the Firit, the Parliament did not at all meddle in the making of Canons, or in matters Doftriial, or in Tranfiation of Scriptures, or Annotations tltcrcon, only by their Ciril San(f!ioi!s(when they were thereto required)did confirm the R'.fults and Confultations of tlie Clergy, that fo the people miglit he the more calily induced to obey the Or. dinances of tbeir Spiritual Governours. Tl’.c Clergy of EngLind bad anciently their Reprefen- ratives in tnc lower Houfe of Parliament, as appears by that ancient Record, fo prized by the late Lord Coke. ' All die -Members of both Houfes of Convocation hare the fame privileges for tlicmfclvcs, and Menial Servants,a; the Members of Parliament have, and that by Statute. Tile Arciibidiop of Turk, at the fame time holds at Tr^ a Convocation of all his Province in like manner, and by coiifiant corrcfpoiidcnce, doth debate and conclude of the fame matters as arc debated and concluded by the Pro¬ vincial Synod of C.m'iibiir). All SuffriigM [ii(hps, and Dwni, Archienms, Prehinh- riff, Kdhfs, and Tim'!, have Privileges, fome by tlicni. fclves, Olliers by Proxy, or by Reprefentative, to Sit and Vote in tlie lower Houle of ConvocaTm. of ENGLAND. Part II. 141 fht Nams of the Clergy, cr Members of the Lotver Houfc of Convocation. Cantfrbiirp. G Eoree H'f'Hf, D. D. Dean of Car.lerb:iry. _ _I’loaor for tlie Cliapcer. Jolm B.ittele'y, D. D. Archdeacon of Canlerburj. Gi-w Tbnpe, D. D."! for the Clergy. Jolm Cmke, A. M. J 2 , 0110011 . (W;.ira Sberloci, D.D. Dean of Sc. PMs. WiiliMn Stanley, D. D. Prodor for the T", \ Archdeacon 1 Charles Allhn, D.D. y - ' Wiilkm Beveridge, D.D.V John Cole, A. M. J CrCT tf./-W, D.D.]proflor3 f,, cUcffmiiiffEr. Umas Lord Biniop of Roehejler, Dean of IVejlir.wJler. Eireatd Peiling, D. D. Proftor for the Chapter. Richard Busby, D.D. Archdeacon of IVeJtmmjter. SUiiicIjfffcr. __D. D. Dean of W’/n/on. msiarn H.rKkins, D. D. Proftor for tlie Cliaptcr. Vmas ClHtterbiicl’, D.D.'lhrcMcic.UPincheJhr Thomas Sayer, D.D. J of \Surrey. William Ha rrifon, D. clergy. 142 Sn&e State Part II. ferrfo^D. George Benfin, D. D. Dean of I/erefirJ. Thimas Rogers, D. D, Proftor for the Chapter. Samuel Benfon, A. Vi.lRrchdciconJ/Jerefird, of iSahp. William Jahnfon, D. D.l„ „ , , ’ Richard Bulkier, A. M. ?LitcI)fiElo and Cobrnfrp, LjiKelott Addifon, D. D. Dean oi Litchfield. John Widh, D. D. Proftor fpr the Chapter. Lancelott Addifon, D. D.) r Coventry. Francis Afhenhurfl, A. M.(Archdcac. \Darbf. “i Stafford. ( Salop, Barnabas Poole, A. M. ^ Proftors for the John Kimberley, h.Vi. J Clergy. EUolfarrIjamptOn, No Return, . iUo^toicfj. — - -- Fairfax, i). o. Dean of Norroich. Nathanael Hodges, A. M. Proftor for the Chapter. John Conant, D. D. {Norwich. Edward Reynolds, D. D. (.Archdeac. jAtorM- John Spencer, V. D. ( of f Sudbury. Hump. Prideaux, D.D.) ( Suffolk John Conn aid, A. M. 7 . John Eachard, D. V. jProftors for the Clergy, Jlincoln, Darnel Brevint, D.D. Dean of Lincoln. John Inet, A, M. 7 Samuel Fuller, D. D. /Proftors for the Chapter. Thomas Oldjs, L. B. 7 r Lincoln. John Hutton, A. M. | Stow. Byrom Eaton, D. D. j. Archdeac. j Leicefter. John Hamond, D. D. I of 5 Buchs. John Gery, L. D. | j Huntington, John Skelton, A. M. J i. Bedford. Partll. of ENGLAND. 143 ^mu Gardiner, D D."l Clergy. Uett Edwards, B. D.J ?LanOaff. Httirj Bull, D. D. Archdeacon of Landaff. Jonathan Edwards, Prodor for the Chapter. t &■"«»» f« a»ey. Ifaplj. Ceorie Bright, D. D. Dean of St. Afaph. Samuel Davies, L. D. Proftor for the Chapter. Edward Lord Bilhop of St. Afaph, Archdeacon of $t. Afaph. ffilocfffcr. lillliam Jane, D. D. Dean of Olocefter, Prolocutor. Richard Duke, A. M. Proftor for the Chapter. Thomas Hide, D. D. Archdeacon of Ghcejler. 'he Chrgy. (21?. John Spencer, D. D. Dean of Ely. - John Moore, D- D. Proftor for the Chapter. William Saywell, D. D. Archdeacon of Elp. Kocljclfcr. Henry Vlleck_, D. D. Dean of Hochejler. Francis Brevall, D. D. Proftor for the Chapter. Thomas Plume, D. D. Archdeacon of Rochejier. Snije 19?cf£nt &taie 53at!) and aell.fif. R-tlph B-ithurfl, M. D. Dean of Bath and Wells. Richard Bush), D. D. I’roftor for the Chapter. EdxinSandjs, A. M.l . , , r\Vclls. IVilliam Clcmc't, A. M.l a r , Giles Pock), A. M. ^ctErho^oiiglj. Samael Freeman, D, D. Dean of Peterborovgh, John Patrick , A. M. Proftor for the Chapter. Thomas IVoolfeji, D. D. Archdeacon of Northampton, lilattherv Hutton, B. D. 1, i Nathanael Whallep, A.M. Clergy. (cycter- Richard Annejley, D, D. Dean of Exon. • - D. D, Proflor for the Chapter. Edward Lape, D, D. (Exeter. Edward Drew, A. M. ( ArclideaconNcornn’.i/!'. Francis hulwood, D. D.( of \tctnes, miliarn Read, A.U. ) iBanm. John James, D-D. D Thomas long. Senior, B. D./ Clergy. . ©abiDV. John E’dis, D. D. Pr.rccntor. Spencer Lucy, A. M. Proflor for the Chapter. rwmhy Halton, D.D.-x , St. David's. George Owen, D. D. (ArchdesconScarmarthen. Thomas Stainoe, B. D/ of f Timas Ward, L. D. ‘ Wilts. John Tmitier, T>. D, 7 for foe Clergy. Thomas W^iir, D. D. J OTinDfO^ No Return. asango?. John Jones, D. D. Dean of Bangor. “ Robert Foulks, A. M. Proaor for the Chapter. Humphrey Lord Bilhop of Archde.j®"„JfJ>^', Francis Lloyd, A. M. ^ Robert Wynne, A. M. \ pjoftors for the Clergy. John Williams, A. M. / 2Uo?ceC£r. William Talbot, D. D. Dean of Worcejfer. Ralph Battle, A.M. Proaor tor the Chapter Jolm Fleetwood, A. M. Archdeacon of Worcejler. John jepheott, V. D-l pjoftors for the Clergy. Timas Hod^ej A, M-J I4tf JClje &tate Part II. Cl)icI)rIfEr» Francis Hawlcins, D. V. Dean of chkhifitr. Zachary Crarfoc^, D. D. Proftor for the Chapter. Jofias PleydeH, A, yi.lArchdeic.fChichefler. Jofepb Sayer, B. D. j of \lerves. William Levett, D. D- Dean of Brijiol. Stephen Crefpun, A- M. Proftor for the Chapter. John Fielding, D. D. Archdeacon of Dorfet. Clerk to the Lower Houfc of Convocation, John Chafe, N, P. High-Ccmmijfiun Court. N OVV for the Executive Power in Church-matters throughout the Kingdom of England, there hare been provided divers excellent Courts, whereof the high- eft for Criminal Caufes, svas the High Commiffm Court ; for Jurifdiftion whereof, it was enafted prima Elizabeths,. That her Majefty, and Succeflbrs, ftiould have power by Letters Patents, under the Great Seal, to Nominate Com- miflioners to Exercife Jurifdiftion throughout the whole Realm, to vifit, reform, and correll all Errors, Herefet, Schifms, Abufes, and Delinquencies, that may, by an Ec- clefiaftical Power be correfted or reformed. This Court confifted of the higheft Perfons of England in the Church and State, and was the principal Bulwark and Prefervative of the Church of England, againft the Pra- ftices and Affaults of all her Adverfaries, whether Roma- nijis, Puritans, or Atheifls y yet for feme pretended Abufes, the ule thereof was taken away in the feditious Long Parlia- Part II. Df ENGLAND. 147 pjrlumcnc; whereupon followed a Deluge of Errors in Religion, ^po/htc/, Atheifm, BLtfphcny, Saailege, Inceji, Miery., Jmpms Libels, Sebijms, Sec. ail which ib over- whclraed the Manners of English men, and occafioned at Itngrli fo many profefled Aiheijls, that until the re-e(la- blilhmcnt of this, or the like Court, by Afl of Parliament, (without which no fuch thing ought to be donej a Refor¬ mation cannot be eafily hoped for. CoiirP of Delegates. ’ F O R Civil Adairs that concern the Church, the higheft Courtis now the Court of Delegates-, for the Jurif- diftion whereof, it was provided I'j Hen. 8. That it fliall be lawful for any SubicS of England, in cafe of defeft of Julhcc in the Courts of the Archbilhop of Canterb-..ry, to appeal to the King’s Majefly in his Courts of Ch.merf, and that upon fuch Appeal, a CommifTion under the Great Seal (hall be directed to certain perfons particularly defigned for that bufinefs, who are generally one half Clergy and the other Laity; fo that from the higheft Court of the Archbilhop of Canterbury, there lies an Appeal to this Court of Delegates, and beyond this to none other, un- lefs it be to the Houfe of Lords in Parliament. Next to the Court of Delegates, are the Courts of tl e Archbilhop of Canterbury, where any Ecclefiaftical. Suits between any perfons within this Province, may (waving .all Inferiour Courts) be decided. The Court of Arches. A Mongft them the higheft Court is the Court of Arches, r\. fo called from' the Arched Church and Tower of St. Maries in Cheapfide, London , where this Court is wont to be held ; the Judge whereof is called Dean of the Arches, having Jurifdiftion over a Deanery confift- ing of Thirteen Parifhes within London, exempt from tire Jurifdiftion of the Eifhop of London. , Hither arc direfled the Appeals in F.cclefiaftical matters within the Province of Canterbury, To this Court belong divers Advocates, 148 Elje ^Bjcfcnt &tate Part II, all Doftors of tlic Civil Law, Two Regiftcrs, and Tea I’rofiors: The Dean at prefen: is Dr. George Oxendii, Court of Audience. I N the next place, the Arclibidiop of Canterbmj hiili his Court of Audience kept within tlie Archbiffiopls Palace, and medleth with any difference between Pattiti concerning Eledlions and Cnnfccratms of Bifliops, Admifa and Inflicution into Benefces, difpenfing with Banns of Malrimon), &c. Vrerogati-ve Court, T H E next Court is called the Trerogathe Court, which judgeth of Effaces fallen by Will, or by Inteffatesj fo called, becaufe tlie Archbifliopjitre Brerogutivi /«ro ilia vitt: and lately at the Arraignment of the Lord Mohan, Thonm Marquefs of Carmarthen and Lord Prefident of the Coun¬ cil, was made Lord High Steward for that occafion: du¬ ring which Tryal, he fitteth under a Cloth of Eftate, and they that fpeak to him, fay, Maj it fleaje )o:ir Grace, nj Lord High Steward of England- His Commiflion is to pro¬ ceed, Secundum Legem , Confaetiidinem Anglis, He is Sole Judge, yet doth call all the Twelve Judges of the Land to affifl him. Is not Sworn, nor the Lords, who are the Tryer; of the Peer Arraigned. During his Stewardlhip, he bears a White Staff in his hand, and the Tryal being over, openly breaks it-, and fo his Office ends. Cljanccllo^-] Next is the Lord High Chancellsr,^ Siimmus Cancellarius, fo called, becaufe all Patents, Com-*' mijjmt. Warrants, coming from the King, and perufedby him, are Signed, if well; or Cancelled, where amifsj that is, crofs’d out with Lines acrofs likecrofs Barrs, or Latices, called \r\tatin Cancclli', or clfc, becaufe anciently he fate intra Cancellas-, that is, fuch a Partition as mually now feparates the Church from the Chancel. ©ignif!’-] He is after the King and Princes of the Blood, in Civil Affairs (there being now no Lord High Steward) the Highejl Perfon in the Kingdom, as the Arcli; bifhop of Canterbury is in Ecclepajlical Aft'airs. -SlffiiT ] His Office is to keep the King’s Great Seal, to Judge, not according to Common Law, as other Civil '. Count part ll- of E N G L A N D. 153 Courts do, but to moderate the Rigour of the Law, and 10 judge according to Equity, Coufckme, or Reafm ; To btdow all Ecclefiaftical Benefices in the Ring’s Gift,.under 2oi. yearly in the King’s Books; and for this, and other Caufc, he was ever, till of late years, a Clergy-man. ®ath,3 His Oath is to do Right to all manner of Peo- pie, Poor and Rich, after the Laws and Cuftoms of the Bealm, and truly to Conn/e/the King; to keep Secret the Kings Counfel, nor fuffer fo far as he may, the Rights of ilie Crown to be Di>nini|/jf, &c. From the time of Hem) the Second, the Chmellors of ioilmi have been ordinarily made of Bifliops, or other Clergy-men Learned in the Civil Laws,till Henry the Eighth, made Chancellor, firfl. Sir Thomas Moor, and after him Timas Aiideley. After whom alfo was made Lord Chan¬ cellor, Sir Richard Rich, Knight, Lord Rich, (a common Lawyer^ who had been firfl the Paid King’s Sollicitor, and afterwards Chancellor of his Court of Augmentation, from whom is defeended the prefent Earl of lEarwfcf^, and Holland-, fince which time there have been fome Eidiops, but mod Lawyers. This High Office is in France durante vita, but here ’tis larante bene flaciio Regis. ^alarp.] The Salary from the King was 848 1 . per dmum, and when tlie Star-Chamber was up, loo/, per Mum more for his Attendance tl'.ere. Crratiou-] The Lord Chancellor and the Lord Keeper are the fame iu Auth'rity, Pon-er, and Precedence, yet they difer in Patent, in Height and Favour of the King; they arc created per Traditionem magni Sigilli fibi per Dominum Rigim, and by taking an Oath, only the Lord Chancellor hath bcfidcs a Patent. The Right Honourable Sir John bummers, late Attor¬ ney-General, is now Lord Keeper of the Great Sea! of England. i(lo;5 9ErEafUlTr.3 The Third Great Officer of tb.e Crown, is the Lord H'tgh Treafurer of England, who re¬ ceives this High Office by delivery of a White Staff to him by tlic King, and holds it durante benirplacito Regis. Anciently he received this Dignity by the delivery of llie Golden Keys of the Treafury. ®atlj .3 154 JElje State Partli ^DatfjO Oath Is little diflerent from that of tlit Lard Cbancclhr. ilDffifeO He is TrffeUus ffjrarti, a Lord by bis Office, under whofe Charge and Government is all the King’s Re¬ venue kept in the Exchequer. He Iiatli alfo tlie Chec[ of ail the Officers any way employed in Collefting Cujims, Tributes, or other Revenues belonging to tlie Crown. He hath the Gift of all the Cujiomers, Comptnlkn, and Searchers in all the Ports of England. He hath the Nomination of the Efeheators in eveiy County, and in fome Cafes, by Statute, is to appoint a Nci- Purer for the length and breadth of Clothes. He, with others joyned in CommilTion with him, ot without, letteth Leafes of all the Lands belonging to the Crown. He giveth Warrants to certain Perfonsof Quality, to have their Wine Cuftom-free. The ancient Annual Salary of tfte Lord High Treafmi of England, was in all 383 Ayr. 8 d, but the late Sahij was 8000 1 . per Annum. This High Office is in the hands of Four Commiflioncr!, hereafter named. i(Lo,i5 ^^fGDCllt-3 The Fourth Great Officer natncii in the Statute 31 8. is the Lord Prefident of the King’s Privy-Council ; an Officer as ancient as King John’s time; was ufually called Confiliarius Capitilis. His Office is to attend upon the King, to propofe bufinefsat Council-Tabic, and then to report to the King the fevcral Tranfaftions there. It hath been always granted by Letters under the Great Seal durante bene phicito. This Office of later times svas grown Obfolete; the hll that had this Honour was the firft Earl of Manchefler-, the Lord Chancellor fupphing that place, till of late thi Earl of Shaftsbury was made Lord Prefident, and fince that tlie Lord P,oberts fitcceeded him, and was created Earl ol Radnor, who was fuccccded by the Marquis of Hallifsit and now by the Marquis of Carmarthen. f.Oli The Fifth, the Lord PrivySed who is a Lord by his Office, under whofe hands pafs all Charters and (iiants of the King, and Pardons Signed b) the Ktng, before they come to the Great Seal of Engktil alfo divers other Matters of Itfs concernment, as for tilt pjrtll. of ENGLAND. 155 payment of Money, ifc. which do not pafs the Orent Sid. He is by his Place of the King’s Privy Council, and was eWef judge of the Court of Reguejls ; and befides his Oath of Priv)-Councellor, takes a particular Oath as Lord Pricy Sul. His Salary was 1500 /. per Annum. His Place, according to Statute, is next to the Lord Pre- fiiut of tlie King’s Courcil. ^Digilitp-3 It is an Office of great Trufi and Slfill, that lie put not his Seal to any Grant without good warrant under the King’s Privy Signer; nor with Warrant,if it be sgainfl Law or Cuftom, until that the King be firft ac¬ quainted. This Great Officer is mentioned in the Statute of : Rich. 1. and then ranked among the chief Perfons of the Realm. The prefent Lord Privy Seal is the Right Honourable the Rarl of l’embrol:e. Note , That anciently the Lord Chancellor, Treafurer, hifdem, and Privy Seal, were generally Clergy-men. Cljamberlain.] The Sixth Great officer of the Crown, is the Lord Great Chamberlain of England, an Officer of great Antiquity, to whom belongs Livery and Lodging in ihe Ring's Court, and certain Fees due from each Arch- bilhop or Bifhop, wliea they do their Homage or Fealty to the King, and from all Peers of the Realm at their .Creation, or doing their Homage or Fealty; and at the Coronation of every King, he is to have Forty Ells of Ctimfin Velvet for h.is own Robes; and on the Coronation- Day, before the King rifech, to bring his Shirt, corf, Wearing- Cloths-, and after the King is by him Apparelled and gone forth, to have his Bed and all furniture of his Bed-Cham- kr for his Fees, and all the King’s Mght.Apparel, and to, carry at the Coronation the Cenf, Gloves, and Linen, to be ufed by the King upon chat oceafion; alfo the Sn-ord and Scabbard, and the Gold to be offered by the King, and the Robe Ro^al and Crown, and to undrefs and attire the King with the Robes Royal, and to'ftrve the King that day before and after Dinner with Water to wa(h his hands, and to have the Bafon and Towels for his Fees, More- 15(5 SCIje pjcfent &tate Part If. ^^orcover, To tliis Great Officer belongs the care of providing all things in the Houfe of Lards, in time of Par. Jiaraent, and to that end he hath an Apartment near rfit LarrCs Haufe. To him belongeth the Government of the whole Palace of Weftminfter: He alfo ilTueth out his Warrants for the preparing, fitting and furnilhingof iVeflininJlcr-flalhginU Caianittians and Tiya/s of Peers in Parliament time. The Gentleman-Vflier of the Blacl^ Rod, the Teotr.an-vjlier and Door-Keepers, are under his Command; He dilpofetli of the Sword of State to what Lord he picafeth, to be carried before tlie King when he comes to the Parliament, and goes on the Right hand of the Smri next to the King’s Perfon, and the Lord-M.nfal on the Left. . Upon all Solemn Occafions, the Keys of Weftminfler-mll and the Keys of the Com of U'ardt and Court of RequeJIs, are delivered to him, This Honour was long enjoyed by tbe Earls of Oxford, from the time of flemy the Kirft, by an Eftate Tapi or It- heritance ; but in theTwo lafl Coronations by the Earlsof Lindfey, and that by an Efiate or Inheritance, from a Daugh¬ ter and Heir General claimed and controverted, but is at prefent enjoyed by Robert Earl of Lindfey. Couffablc.] The Seventh Great Officer is the Lori High Conjlable of England, fo called, fome think, from the Sixon, Cming, by contrafljon King, and Stable, Qnafi Regii Colnmen, for it was anciently written Cnningblabte-, but ra¬ ther from Comes Stabitli, whofe Power and Jurifdiftion ‘ was anciently fo great, that after the Death of Edward Bagot, or Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, 1521, andthelall High Conjlable of England, it was thought too great for any Subjett. But fince, upon occafion of Coronation, (as of that of King Charles the Second was made the late Earl of A'Wr ikimberland) and at folemn Tryals by Combat, (as that which was intended between Rey and Ramfey, 1631. was made Knbert Earl of Lindfey) there is created Pro ilia Pice, rs Lord High Conjlable. His Power and Jurifdiftion is the lame wiili the Earl Marfhal, with whom he fits Judge in the Marfhals Court,and takes place of the Earl Marflsal. Partir. of ENGLAND. 157 (farl ^art^al.] The Eighth Great Officer of the Crown, is' tlie Earl Marjhal of England, fo called from ll»e in the Old Saxon, (i, e.) Horfes, and Schat, Pn- fiHiit. He is an Earl, fome fay, by his Office, whereby he taketh, as the Conftable doth. Cognizance of all that- tets of War and Armi, defermineth Contracts touching heeds of/lrm/,out of the Realm upon Land, and Matters concer¬ ning Wars within the Realm, which cannot be determined by Common Law; and in thefe Matters he is commonly guided by the Civil Law. Note, That anciently he had feveral Courts under him, but hath now only the Mar(lialfea, where he may fit in Judgment againfl Criminals offending within the Verge of the King’s Court. This Office is of great Antiquity in Eng/und, and ancient¬ ly of greater Power than now. Toomas Mombraj Earl of Nottingham, was the firft Earl ibrfhal of England, made fo by Richard the Second. ftnry Duke of Norfollih Earl Marfial of England, and executes that place. lOniiral-] The Ninth and lad Great Officer of the Crown, is the Lord High Admiral of England ■, whofe Truft and Honour is fo great, that this Office hath ufually been given either to fome of the King’s younger Sons, near Kinfman, or to fome one of the higheft and chiefeft of all the Nobility. He is called Admiral from Amir in Arabictt_, and in Greek} that is, Prafellus Marinus, a word borrowed •from the Eaffern Empire, where fuch kind of Compounds were much in requeft, and introduced in England after the Wars in the Holf Land, by King Richard, or, as fome fay, by KingEdn’.trd the Eifft. The Patent of the Lord Admiral did anciently run thus, Angiis, Hibernia, (ly Aqnitania Magnus Admiralluf, but j atprefent thus, Anglia ({y Hiberni.r, ac Dominiorum In- Ivlarum earundem, ICilU Calefn ((y Marchiarum ejufdem, I dmnaniia, Gafeonia, (y Amitanii, Magnus Admirallus fly Prsfettus Generalis Clajfis qy Marium diClorum rcguirum- To the Lord High Admiral of England, is by the King intruded the management of all Martime Affairs, as well in refpeff of Jurifdiftion as ProteSion. He is that High Officer 158 SCIje jpjefcnt &tate Partli, Officer or Magiftratc, to whom is committed the Qovttn. mentof the King’s Navy, with Power of Dccifion in all Cafit Maritmi, as well Civil as Criminal ; of all thingsdont upon, or beyond the Sea, in any part of the World; all things done upon the Sea Coafis, in all Ports and Havens, and upon all Rivers below the firft Bridge next towardsthc Sea. The Lird Admiral imh the Power to Commiffionatc a Vice-Admiral, a Rere-Admiral, and all Sea Captaini-yH Deputies for particular Coajls ; Coroners to view dead Bo¬ dies found on the Sea Coafis, or at Sea ; Commiffioners ot Judges for exercifing Jufiicein the Court of Admiraltj, 10 Imprifon, Rcleafe, fyc. He hath fometimes a Commiffion to beflow Knightid on fuch as (hall deferve it at Sea. To the Lord High Admiral belongs, by Law and Cufloni, all Penalties md Amercements of all TranfgreiTors at Sea, on rhe Sea-(hore, in Ports, and from the firft Bridge on Rivers towards the Sea; alfo the Goods of Pirates, Film, or Capital Faulters. Condemned, Out-lawed, or Horned, Moreover, all Waifs, Strap Goods, WrecliS o{ Sea, Deoiattit, a (hare of all lawful Prizes, Lagon, Flotfon, and fetfon, is our Lawyers term it; that is. Goods lying in the&i, on Ground, Goods floating on the Sea, and Goods call j- way by the Sea on the Shore, not granted to Lords of Mamtors adjoyning to the Sea : All great Fifties, as Stt- Hogs, and other Fifties of extraordinary bignefs called Ropal Fiflies, except only Whales and Sturgeons, This High Office is at prefent executed by Seven Coni' raiffioners, who (hall be hereafter named in due place. CHAP. of ENGLAND. 159 Part II. CHAP. XIII. Of the Privy-Council. T he Piimum Mite of the Civil Government of England, from whence all the inferior Orbs derive iheif Motion, is that Noble, Honourable, and Reverend Afetnbly, called Concilium fecreium, privatum, vel coitti- uem Kegit Comlium, which is a Court of great Antiquity and Honour. Before the latter end of Henry the Third, Qyod provifum fail per Regem iyy Concilium fuiim privatum, figiltoque Regis mfirmatum, procul dubio Legis vigorem habuit, faith Spelmaiu The primitive and ordinary way of Government in Eitilitnd, was by the King and his Frivy-Council, and all our Kings have afted much by it, determining Controverfits of {teat Importance, fometimes touching Lands and Rights between Party and Party, whereof there are very many Prclidents; and the Judges of England, in feme difficult Cafes, were not wont to give Judgment, until they had liill confulied the King, or his Privy-Council. Moreover, the Lords and Commons affembled in Parliament, have oft-times tranfmitted Matters of high Moment to the King and his Privy-Council, as by long Experience, better able tojudge of, and by Secrecy and Expedition, better able 15 tranfaft fome State Afiaits, than all the Lords and Com- Bons together- At prefent the Ki ng and his Privy-Council take Cognifance of few Matters, that may well be deternained by the known laws, and ordinary Courts of Juftace; but only confult for the pu'jlick Good, Honour, Defence, Safety, and Bc- ttSt of the Realm, not medling with Matters that con- Rrn Freeholds, but Matters of Appeal, and fudden E- fflergencies. The Lords of the Privy-Council are, as it were, a part of the King, incorporate with him and his Cares, bearing “pon their Shoulders that great weight, that otherwife Boald lie wholly upon his MajeAy; wherefore of fuch high 166 Elje IDjefent &taie Part H, higli Value and Efteem they have always been, that if j Man did but Arike in the Houfe of a Privy Councellor, oi elfewhere in his Prefcncc, he was grievouAy fined fortlit fame; and to confpirc the Death of any of them, mi made Felony, in any of the King's Servants, within the Checque-Rnll, and to kill one of them was High-Treafon, A Privy-Councellor, though but a Gentleman, (hall hare Preeedence of all Knights, Baronets, and younger Sons o! all Barons and Vifcounts. The SubAance of their Oath, is. That they fliall, ac¬ cording to their Power and Difcreiion, truly, juAly, and evenly counfel and advife the Ring, in all matters to It treated in his MajeAies Council •, That they Aiall keep ft- cret the King's Counfel, By force of this Oath, and the CuAom of the Kh^Jm of England, a Privy-Councellor is made without any Pateii or Grant, and to continue only during the Life of tin King that makes him, nor fo long, unlefs the King pleafctli To his Privy-Councellors, the King of England may de¬ clare, or concetti from them, whatfoever he alone judgnl fit and expedient, qna in re (faith that excellent Sir Vim Smitli) abfolutijfimum eft hoc Regnum Anglis prs Ventim DncatH, ant Lacedumaniornm Principatn. The King, with the Advice of his Privy-Council, doili publifh Proclamations, binding to the Subjeft, provided tint they are not contrary to Statute, or Common Law. The Members of this moA Honourable Council, are fuck, as the King’s own free Will, and meer Motion, fiiallpleife to chufe, and are commonly Men of the higheA Ranki Eminent for EAates, Wifdom, Courage, Integrity, (^t- And becaufe there are few Cafes of Moment fo Temporil, but that they may fome way relate to Spiritual Affiin, therefore according to the general Rules of Policy and Government, which God himfelf ordained amongft kii chofen People the the Privy-Council (as well as tkt great Council of Parliament) is compofed of Spi'iml,>} well as Temporal Perfons, and fome of the principal Bi- Aiops of England , have in all times been chofen by kii MaieAy, to be of his Pavp-Council. They are all to wait on his MajeAy, and at Council- Board to fit in their Order bare headed, when his Majcdy prefidcs. Pirtll. Of ENGL AND. i 6 i At all Debates, the lowell delivers his Opinion firfti that fc he may be th.c more free, and the King lafl of all declares his Judgment, and thereby determines the matter of Debate. The Names of the Right Honourable the Lords and others of His Majeflies m:J( Honourable Privy-Council. H IS Royal Highnefs Prince George of De/imitrt. John Lord Archbifhop of Canterbury. Sir joki Sommers, Knight, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England. Thomas Marquifs of Carmarthen, Lord Prefidcut of the Council Timas Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, Lord Privy Seal. Henry Duke of Norfolk^, Earl-Marfhal of England, Charles Duke of Bolton. IVUliam Duke of Hamilton. Charles Marquifs of Winchejier. Robert Earl of Lindfey, Lord Great Chamberlain of England. William Earl of Vcvonjhire, Lord Steward of Their Ma- jeflics Houlhold. Charles Earl of Dorfet and Middlefex, Lord Chamber- lain of Their Majefties Houlhold. Aubrey Earl of Oxford. William Earl of Bedford. John Earl of Bridgewater. John Earl of Bath. Charles Earl of Maclesfield. Daniel Earl of Nottingham, one of TheirMajeAie 'Prin¬ cipal Secretaries of State. Lawrence Earl of Rochefter, William Earl of Portland, Groom of the Stool to Hit Majcfty. Thomas Earl of Fanlconberg. Charles Earl of Moiwmilh. \62 llljf pjcfcut ^tatj Part 11 , Kal^h Earl of Mintagiie. Rkhayd Earl of Suirhyougli. . Hem) Earl of iVayyin^toii. Richard liarl of Ranehigh. Fyancis Vifcouiu R'ewpiir, Him) Vifco'.rnc Sidnc)^ Lord Licutcnanc of Ireland. Antim) Vifcounc Fanlkjand. Hem) Lord Bilhop of Lnndm. Robert Lord Lcxkgtm. Charles Lord Cornwallis. .Sidnc) Lord Godolphin. Hem) Lord Capel. Thomas Lord Conkgesb). Sir John Trevor, Kt. Speaker of the Houfe of Commoti, Sir Robert Howard, Knight. Thomas IVh.irtoit, Efquire Comptroller of His Majefc Houlliold. Sir John Lowther, Baronet, Vicc-Chamberlain of Hit Majeflics Houfhold. Sir John Trenchard, Knighr, one of Their Majefties Prin¬ cipal Secretaries of State. Richard Hampden, Efq; Chancellor and under-Treafurer of the Exchequer. Sir John Holt, Knight, Lord Chief Juflicc of the Court of King's-Bench. Sir Edward Sepmour, Baronet. Sir Hem) Goodricke, Knight and Baroner, Lieutenara General of Their Majellies Ordnance. Edward RrrJJel, Efqiiire. Hugh Bofcaweit, Efquire. The certain Council Days are Wednefdaps and Eridajsjo the Mornings, except in Parliament, or Term-time, then they are in the Afternoons; and when the Court is at Wir.dfor, his Majefly does for the moft pare, appoint the Council to meet at Hampton-Cmrt on Thmfd.i)s-, but for the more cafy difpatch of Bufinefs, they were thought fit to divide themfclves into divers Banding Committees, thrte whereof to be a Q.mrnm , and to meet as oft as they pleafe; where raa:e, That the Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keeper, Lord Preftdent, Lord I’mp-Seal, and two Secreta¬ ries, are of all Committees. The jjrt II. of ENGLAND. i6j The Lords of tliefe Comtnictees of Council being often juiged by reafon ofSicknefs, or their being out of Town, ihets are appointed by his Majefty in their (leads, and itrefore no certainty of their Lifts. The Names of thefe Committees are The Committee for hteUigmi. The Committee for Ireland. The Committee for Trade, and Foreign Plantations; Ifofor Confideration of the Affairs of the Iflesof Jerfej Gmnfe}, and the little Ifles depending on them. The Clerks of the Council Sir John Nicholas, I Richard Colinge, Efq; Keight of the Bath. Uldiam Blathvrayt, Efq; | WWwn Bridgeman, Efq; There are Tsvo Keepers of the Council-Chamber. Mr. benjamin Colinge.l Salary to each is Mr. Nathanael Cox, f 50 1. per Annum. ACouncilis feldomor never held without thePrefence li one of the Secretaries of State ; of whofe Office and Sjnity, much more confiderable in £ng/nnd than in other iirions, take here this brief Account. The King of England had anciently but one Secretary if State, until about the end of henry the Eighth’s Reign, t was thought fit, that weighty and important Office (hould (difeharged byTwo PerfoDS, both of Equal Authority, ■dhoth ftiled Principal Secretaries of State, inthofedays, «d fome while after, they fate not at Council-Board, but «ing prepared their Bufinefs in a Room adjoyning to ke Council-Chamber, they came in, and flood on either and of the Ring; and nothing was debated at the Table, ®il the Secretaries had gone through with their Propofals. Queen Elizabeth feldom coming to Council, that Me- Mwas altered, and the Two Secretaries took their pla- Privy-CouDcellors, which Dignity they haveretain- Pl 2 ed id4 Eljc TP?erm &tatc Pjnl cd and enjoyed ever fincc i and a Council is feldora otn vcr held without the Prt fence of one of thcmatthckifil Their Employment being of extraordinary Trull ai Multiplicity, renders themmoft confiderable in tbcE) of tlie King, upon whom they attend every day, as Ot cafion requires; and of the Suhjeft alfo, whole Reqaei and Dcfircsareforthe moft part lodged in their Hands, be reprefenttd to the King, and always to makcdifpatrf; thereupon, according to his Majefties Anfwcrs and I regions. As for Foreign Affairs, the Secretaries divide all tl Kingdoms and Katms, which have intercourfe ofBulia with the King of England, into Two grand Proviitt whereof each Secretary taketh One to himfelf, recciii: all Letters and Addrellcs from, and making all Difpaici to the fevcral Princes and States comprehended iviit his own Province. Butin all Matters of Home-concern, whether tlicyi late to the publick, or to particular perfons, both the' crctarics do equally and indifiinflly receive and difpii wha'fotver is brouglit to them, be it for the Church, tl Militia, or p.dvarc Granrs, Pardons, Difpenfations, They have this fpi cial Honour, that if either of thi be a Baron, he raketh place, and hath the Precedence all other Perfons of the fame Degree, though othetii: by tlnir Creation, fome of them might have Rigltttopi cede him; and a K'nigir in like manner, if he liathi other Qualification; hut if above the degree of a to: then he takes place only according to the Seniority his Creation. They have their feveral Lodgings appointed them in the djngs Houfes, as well for their own Accommodation, for their Office,and thofe that attend upon it. Theyhi dfo a very liberal Diet at the King’s Charge, or Boardui ges in lieu of it. And to Ihe w how confiderable their Place is, their ftttld Allowance from the King, in Salary and Penfion, islitilt lefs than TwoTlioufand Pounds Sterling, per «nn«w,to eitli A them. . The Secretaries and Clerks, whom they imploy unJti hem, are wholly at their own choice, and have no do pjrtll. of ENGLAND. pcndance upon any other I'ower or Pcrfons bcfidcsthcm- The Secretaries of State have the Cuftody of that Seal of die King, w hich is properly called the Signer ; the Ufe and Application w hereof, gives Denomination to an Office, con- llantly attending the Court, called the Signet O^ee, where¬ in there are Four Clerks, who wait alternately by Months, jiid prepare fitch things as are to pafs the Signer, in order to the l’rivy-Seal,or Great Seal, vi^. Sir John Kichaln, Knight of the Bath'. John G-runtlet, Efq; Nicholas Maurice, Efq; Sir Williattr trwnbal, Knight. Mr. George Littlejielil, Office-keeper. Thefe have no Fee from the King, but only Diet, which iil’cnfion is ioo / yearly; their Office is in Wire-Hall, ikey wait by Month, each of them Three Months in a Year. One of them always attends the Court wherefo- ever it removes, and by Warrant from the King, or Secre- iitics of State, or Lords of the Council, prepare fucli Ellis or Letters for the King to fign, as not being Matter of Unyarebyany Warrants direfted to them to prepare. In tlitir Office all Grants, cither prepared by the King's Itariicd Council at Law, or by thcmfclves, for the King’s Ihnd, when figncd, are returned, and there tranferibed lyin, and that Tranfeription is carried to one of the I'tincipal Secretaries of State, and fcalcd, and then it is ctllcd a Signet, which is direfied to the Lord Privy-Seal, tad is his Warrant for ifl'uing out a Privy-Seal, upon it, iviiich prepared by the Clerks of that Seal, is fufficient for tlic payment of any Moneys out of the Ex.heqm, and far fcvcral other ufes; but when the Nature of the Grant itquircs the paffing the Great Seal, then the Privy.Seal it an Authority to the Lord Chancellor to pafs the Great Seal, as the Signet was to the Lord Privy-Seal, to affix that Stal to the Grant: But in all Three Offices, fyc. Signer, Ptiyy-Seahand Great Seal, the Grant is tranfetibed. Soall phichpaffes from the King, hath thefe fevtral ways of be- iageonfidered before perfefted. j66 SJje ^tate Partll There are alfo Four Clerks of the Privy-Seal, Sir Chitrla Bickerftajf, Knighf. John Mntthervs, Efq; Tijomas li'atkjns, Efq; John Baron, Efq; Mr. George UnlefieU, Office-keeper. More of their Office is to be feen in Stat. 27. of !ki .; tvorthy to be noted. To this Office fin time when the Court of Requejis'n being) belongs the Sealing of all Commiffions and oik ProcelTcs out of that Court. Moreover, depending on the Secretaries of State, in ancient Office called the Faper-Office, the Keeper whetK liatii in his Charge all the publick Papers, Writings, & tersof State, and Council; all Tetters, Intelligences,Ni gotiations of the King’s publick Minifters abroad, andg nerally all the Papers and Difpatchcs, that pafs throughil! Offices of tlic Two Secretaries of State, which arc fra time to time tranfmitted into this Office, and here rcniiii difpofed by way of a Library, within his Majeflics Pilit oUVhite-M This conllderable Officer hath a Feet: j 6 oI. per annum, payable out of the Exchequer, and ist prefect that very worthy Perfon, Sir Jofeph Williamftii, ft fate one of the Principal Secretaries of State. C H AP' Partir. of ENGLAND. \ 6 ^ \ CHAP. XiV. \(jfthe PylRLUMENT cf ENGLAND, ; ami therein of the Perfon funmor.big. the manner of the Siimmoni, ike Fcrfns fummtned, thar Frivile^esy the Place and Manner of Sitting, the pafing of Stilt in either Hotife, the pajfing of Aits of Parliament, of yldjotirning, Pro- roguing, and DiJJoIving of Parliaments, Scc. B Efore liic Coaquefl, tlie Great Council of tlie King, confining only of the Great Men of the Kingdom, wascalled Magmtm Ctmmtos, or elfe, Prxlatorum Prcce- rjitique Concilium, and by the Saxons, in their own Tongue, Mcki Gcmet, the Great Aflcmbly; after the Conqueft, about tlie beginning of K. Edw. i. fome fay, in the time of Hin, I. it was called by the French word t’arlementm, from ?srkr, to talk together, flill confiding (as divers great Authors affirm) only of the great Men of the Nation, un¬ til the Reign of Ifent) the Third, the Commons alfo were tailed to fit in Parliament; for divers Authors prefume to fay, die firft Writs to be found in Records, fent forth to fummon them, bears date 49/f. 3. above Four Hundred years ago. Yet fome Antiquaries are of opinion, that long before, nothing of moment wheicin the Lives or F.jlaics of the Common People of England were concern¬ ed, ever pafied without their common Confent. None but the King hath Authority to Summon a Parlia¬ ment ; In the King’s abfence out ot the Realm, the Cujios kgni, in the King’s Name, doth fummon a Parliament-, and during the King’s Minority within the Realm, the Fro- tinor Regni doth tlie fame. i No Parliament can begin witbouc tlie King’s Prefence, (ither in Per/™, or by Reprefentatiori in Commijfm, When the King ofEng/imdiswithhis Parliament in time of I’cace, he is then faid to be in ilte heightb of liisRoyaJ M 4 Dignity, 16B Eljc ^pjcicm State Partli, Dignity, as well as when lie is at the Head of his Army, in time of War. There is then fcarcc any thing thattht King.cannot do, his Power cannotbcccnfined forCaufc or Perfons within any bonnds. He can, with the Conrat- rence of his Lords and Commons, abrogate Old Laivs, make New, change Right and Polfellion of private Mo, alter VVeiglits and Meafures, raife Taxes, give Indemnity or Pardon in general, reflore Condemned Petfons anj Families in Blood and Name, legitimate one that is bora illegitimate, baflardize one that is born by Common Lair legitimate; that is to fay, one begotten in Adultery, tk Husband being then within the Four Seas. He can raakt an Infant of full Age, make an Alienor Foreigncran Eiiglifli-mitn, can attaint a Man of Treafon when he is dcjJ, when he is no more a Man, ? 5 rc. In a word, a Parliament's Authority is mofl Abfolutc; a Parliament can do all thit Senittus Populiiff.K Pum.inv could do-, centuriatu Comm ] fru T-iimtiis, it reprefents the whole Kingdom; fo thtt the Consent of the Parliament is prefumed to be the Cob- fent of every Man in England. A Parliament is in manner following: Aboct Forty Days before the Parliament doth alfemblc, tht King ilTues out his Writ, cum Advlfamentn Concilil fur, bikI the Warrant is. Per ijfum Rege-n ^ CKfiliim. Ti’.e King’s Writ (which is a fliort Letter or Epihle) is riireftcd and fent to every particular Perfon of tke Lords Spiritual and Temporal, commanding the Lords Spiritual, in Fide ^ Dilidlme, and the Lords Tcmporil, yer Fidcm iy AHeghmiam, to appear at a certain tiira and place to Treat, and give their Advice in fome certain important Affairs concerning the Church and Srate, tfye. Other VVrits arc fent to the Sheritf of each County, to fummon the People tocleftTwo Knights for each County, Two Citizens for lach City, and one or Two Burgefts for each Burrough,according to Stature,Charter, orCuflcin. In tlicfe FJcifticns, anciently all the people had their ■Votes, and molf Votes carried it; but for avoiding of 'i'umults and Trouble, it was enafted by /kn. 6- Tint i.onellwuid have ..ny Siiti'.age in the Eleflion of Knights of the Shire, but fuch as were Freeholders, did relide pirt II- of EN G L A N D. i6p till the Difcovery of the Gold and Silver in Aimicn, was IS much as 30, or 40 /. now) whence it came to pafs, that the I Nation, that Is never to be neglefted. On the lowcrmoft Wool-Sack, are placed the Clerk of theCrown,now Henry Barker,Efquire', and Clerk of the Par¬ liament,at prefenc John Brown,Efquire-, whereof the former is concerned in all Writs of Parliament, and Pardons in Parliament: the other Records al| things done in Parlia- mcnr, 172 Elie iEijcfcnt &tate Part II. nienr, and fcecperli the Records of the fame. This Cltrk hath alfo Two Clerks under him, who kneel behind the fame Wool-Sack, and write thereon. Without the Bar of the Lords h'aiife, fits the King’s firff Gentleman Vfhn called the Black-Red, from a Black Stall'he carries in hi| Hand, who-is a; prefent Sir Thomas Diippa, under whom is a Teaman Vfher, that waits at the Door within, Mr. Beij. Cahngez Cryer, without, and a Sergeant at Macc, always attending the Lvd Chancellor. When the King is prefent with his Crown on his Head, rone of the Lords are covered. The Judges fland till the King gives them leave to fit. When the King is abfent, the Lords at their Entrance do Reverence to the Chair of State, as is, or Ihould be done by all that enter into the King’s I’refcnce-Chambcr. The Judges then may lit, but may not be covered, till the Chancellor or Keeper fignific unto them the Icaveol the Lords. The King’sCouncil, and Maflersof Chancery fit alfo, but may not be covered at all. The Commons in the Houfe fit promifcuoully, only the Speaker hath a Chair placed in the middle, and the Clerk of that Houfe near him at the Table. They never h.id any Robes fas the Lords ever hadJ, but wear every one what he fanlieth moll, which to Strangers feems very unbecoming the Gravity and Authority of the Great Council of England : And during the Attendance cn Parliament, a Robe, or Grave Vcllment would as well become ihc Honourable Memliers of the Houfe of Com¬ mons, as it doth all ihe Noble Venetlms, both Youngand Old, who have right to fit in the Great Councilat)fewrf, and as it doth the Senators of Rome at this day, fyc. The time of fitting in Parliament, isonany day in the Morning, or before Dinner, only it hath anciently been obferved, not to alfemblc upon lome high Eeftival Days. When the day prefix’d by the King in his Writs of Summons is come, the King ufually cometh in Perfon, with his Crown on his Head, and clothed with his Royal Rohes, declares the caufe of the Summons in a lltort Speech, lea¬ ving the red to the Lvd Clmce'^or, who then rtamis be- Paitll. of ENGLAND. 173 hind his Majcfty; the Commons in the mean timeflanding bare at the Bar of the Lords //bia/e, arc afterwards in the King’s Name, commanded to chufe them a Sptal^r, Cwhich without the King’s Command they may not do} where* upon they, returning to their own Houfe, make choice of one of their own Members, whom afterwards, upon another day, they prtfent to the King; and being appro¬ ved of by his Majefty, fitting in liis Chair, all his Lords, both Spiritual and Temporal, being in their Robes of Scar- kt, he makes a modeft Refufal; which not allowed, he pctitioneth his Majcfty, That the Commons may have, during their Sitting, Firft, A free Accefs to bis MjjeJiy, Secondly, freedom of Speech in their own Houfe, Thirdly, Freedom from Arrefls. They ufed iikewife to pray, That they miiht haie folely the prinilege of punifj'ing their own Mem- ters or other Offenders againji their Houfe and I’rhdeges. Befoieany Affair bcmedled with, all the Members of the Houfe of Commons , take the Oath of Allegiance and Supremacy in the prefcnce of an Officer appointed by the King; but fmee the late Revolution they take the New Oaths appointed by an Att of Parliament, i. Will, is Mary, and of late they are all, after the choice of a Speah.tr, to declare their Opinions againft the Doftrines o(TianfubJ}anliation,Invocation, and Adoration of Saints, and the Sacrifeeofthe Mafs, which Tcft the Lords alfo arc now obliged to take in their Houfe before they can fit and debate upon any Affair. By the Old Manuferipr, called Modus tenendi Parliament turn, it doth appear , That the Houfe of Commoi.s did anciently (as the Houfe of Lords ac this day) confift, t, Ex procu.rniorihus Cleri. i. Militibus Comitatuum. Bur- genfibtis, to wit, of Clergy men, as well as Lay-men; there fate the Prccuralores Cleri , Two for each Dio- cefs, reprefenting all the Clergy-Commons of the Dic- i ctfs, as the Knights of the Shiiedo allthe Lay Com- I monsof the Shire; for it was t’nen judged expedient, 1 that every Frec-man of England, as well Clergy as Laity, 1 fliouhl in paffing of Laws touching. Property , whereunto [ they were to be fubjtft. give their confent perfoiully, or !; immediately by thcmfelve 5 ,or clfe by fome, that by their a Eleflion, (hould immediately undertake for them ; and ji the I 174 SCO? 10 ?cfciit j&tate Part I|, the Words of the Writ for fummoning the Procmtm Ckri, 3S aforefaid, fecm to warrant the fame at this day, Bcfidcs, it is certain by an ancient Record, Thatin the 49fA of Hen, the III. when Writs were fent out for fum. ' moning Knights, Citizens, and Eurgelfcs, there were at the fame time Writs for fummoning the Dean andChaptet of 7 or<;^, to fend Two Prebendaries to the Parliametit ("not Synod) then lield at Winebefier, and probably at tht fame time, to all Deans and Chapters in England, The Power and Privileges of both Honfes of Parliament, are divers and diffinS one from another. The Lords Houfe hatha Power, not only in making and repealing Laws, but nlfo in tralfando^'con/i/inm impendendt, as the words of the Writ are; alfo in judging of Contto- verfies, judging in the Arraignment of any Peer of the Realm, putting Men to their Oaths, efpecially in matters of Importance,as the Corruption of Judges and Magilf rates, in Error, illegal Proceedings in other Courts, in Appeals from Decrees in Chancery, &c. , The Lords that in their Religion conform not to the Church of no longer fit, nor have Suffrage in the Lords Houfe. All the Isords Spiritual and Temporal have this privi¬ lege, That if by reafon of Sicknefs, or other Bufinefs, they cannot appear, they may make their Prmes to Vote in their (lead, after Licence obtained bj; a Letter under the King’s Signet, to be excufed for their Abfence; fo that in every Parliament, every perfon in England, either by himfelf or Proxy, or Reprefentative, is faid to be there, and to have his Suffrage for making or repealing any Law. The Commons have alfo a power in making and repealing Laws, for they alfo have their Negative Voice: and for levying of any Money upon the Subjeft, the Bill beginsin the Commons Houfe, becaufe from them doth arife the greater part of Moneys. The Commons have the privilege to fupplicate and propofe Laws, to impeach publick Delinquents, even the highefl Lords of the Kingdom, both Spiritual and Part II. of ENGLAND. ThtHoufe cf Commoni is the Grand Inquejl of the Realm, fiimmoned from all parts to prefenc publick Grievances and Delinquents to the King and Lords, to be redrcfied and puiiilhedby them; and to this parpofe the Lords fit in ihcir Robes on the Bench covered, as Judges do in o- ilicr Judicatories 5 theyfwear and examine Witnefles, and at length pafs Sentence, whilft the Members of the Cm- miu Hnfi fiand bare at the Bar of the Lords Hmje, produce Witnefles, manage Evidences, ^c. Ante, That although everf Member of the Commons jHoufe be ckofen to ferve for one particular Countp, city, Ur Bmough, yet he ferves for the whole Kingdom, and bis mice it equal to any other, his Porter abfolute to confent It ilijfent, without ever acquainting thofe that fent him, or imanding their Ajfent, as the States General of the United Netherlands are obliged to do in many Cafes. Yet are they to make it their fpecial care to promote the good of that County, City, or Burrough, for which they ferve, and from which heretofore they ufually did receive IndruSions and Direftions concerning their Gtic- nnccs, Wants, ^c. Although the Lords ofParliament are to bear their own tlurges, bccaufe they reptefent there only themfelves; yet ill the Commons, both Lay and Clergy, that is, the Fro- cmiires Cleri, are to have rationabilet Expenfas, (as the Kords of the Writ are) that is, fuch Allowance as the King confidcring the Prizes of all things, fhall judge meet loimpofe upon the People to pay; in the iqth Edw. If. it was Ten Groats for Knights, and Five Groats for Bur- Ecfes; but not long after it was Four Shillings a day for dubbed Knights, and Two Shillings for all other; which in thofe days, as appears by the Prices of all things, was a confiderable Sum, above Twenty times more than ie is now; for not only their Expences were confideted, though that was great, by reafon ofthefuitable Attendance that then every Parliament-Man itad, butalfo their Pains, ilicir Lois of Time, and neceffary negleff of their own f tivaie Atfairs, for the Service of their Country; and when the Counties, Cities, and Burroughs, paid fo dear for their Expences, they were wont to take cate to chufe fuch Men as were bell able, and mod diligent in the fpeedy difpatch 176 SCIje f jcfnit State Part ][ difpatchof Aftairs; by which means, with feme othfr^ more bufinefsin thofe times, was difpatch’d in Parliamsi in a Week, than is now perhaps in Ten: So that thePto. teftions for I’arlianient-Men, and their Servants fromAi, reAs, were not then grievous, when fcarce any Parliamcti or Seffions laAed fo long as One of the Four Terms toj at Weftminfler. The afore-mentioned Expcnces being duly paid, dii caufe all the petty decayed Burroughs of England to bt- come humble Suiters to the King, that they might noth obliged to fend Burgeffes to Parliament; whereby it can¬ to pafs, that divers svere unburgeffed, as it was in pari sular granted to Chipping, or Marl^et-Torritm, upon tlitit Petition; and then the Number of the Common; Hr/p, being fcarce half fo many as at prefent, their Debatesasl Bills were fooner expedited. The manner of Debates of palCng of Bills and Aft, is thus: It is free for any Man of the Parliament, or note! the Parliament, to get a Bill drawn by fome Lawyer, asl give the fame to the Speaker, or Clerk of the ParliamcDt, to beprelented at a time convenient, and this Bill im; be put fii'A, either in tlie Lvds f/oufe, or the Comorar tdoufe. Whatever is propofed for a Law, is firA put ii Writing, and called a Ball, which being read, commotl; after Nine of the Clock, in a full Affembly, it is ciilnt unanimoufly rejefted at firA, or elfe allowed to be de¬ bated ; and then it is committed to a certain number of die Houfe prefently nominated, and called a Committet. Af¬ ter it hath been amended, and Twice read Tsvo feyetd Days in the Houfe, then it is /ngnjjed ; that is, Writtei fair in a Parchment, and read the Third time anothei day; and then the Speufye demandeth, if they will ban it put to thequeAioii, whether a Law or no Law; ifthi major part be for it, then it is w. itten on the Bill by tb Clerk, Soil haille anx commune t, or Soil bailie atix Seigmi retaining Aill, in this, and fome other things about im king Liws, the CuAom of our AnceAors, who weregt nerally skilled in the Erench Tongue. Note, That when the Speal^r finds divers Bills prtf' red to be put to the wfikn, he gives notice the Dap befit p.,rtll. of ENGL AND. 177 jial to miinow he intends to put jnch Bills to the pn$ng, itThird Rending-, and deftres the fpeeial Attendance of ail lit Members. Note alfo, That if a Bill be rejeHid, it cannit be any mre propofed, durh^ that SeIJions. A Bill feht by she Commons up to tlie Lords is ufual (to Hicw their Refpeft^ actendcti with Thirty or Forty of the Member of the Houfe; as they come up to the Lords B.n, the Members that Iiath the Bill, making Three profound Reverences, dclivcreih it to the Lord Chancellor, who, for that purpofe, comes down to the Bar. A Bill fent by the Lords to the Commons, is ufually Pent by fome of the Mailers of Chancery, or other Perfon whofe place is on the Wool-Sacks, (and by none of the Mem¬ bers of the Houfe') and they coming up to the Spe.sker, and bowing Thrice, deliver to him the Bill, after one cE them hatli read the Title, and delired it may be there taken into Confideration ; if afterwards it pafs the Houfe, then it is written on the Bill, Les Communes ont aj/enret;. In MclTages of great Importance, the Lm ds a*ake ufe of One or Two of the Chief Judges to go to the Houfe of Commons, When any one in the Commons Houfe wi^ fpeak to a Bill, he Hands up uncovered, and direfls his Speech only to the Speaher -, then if what he delivers be confuted by another, yet he is not allowed to anfwer again the fame day, left the whole time Ihould be (pent by Two talka¬ tive perfons. Alfo if a Bill be debated in the Houfe, no Man may fpeak to it in one day above once, unlefs the whole Houfe be turned into a Committee,tnd then every Member may reply as oft as he judges it expedient. If any one in either Houfe fpeaks words of Ol'ence to the King’s Majcfty, or to the Houfe, he is called to the Bar, where commonly on his knees he receives a Repre- tnand from the Speal^r, and asking Pardon of the Houfe, he returns to his place, but if the Ollence he very great, be is fent to the Totuer. The Speaher is not allowed to perf.vade or diH'.vade itl paffing of a Bill, but only to make a (liort and plain. Narrative, nor Vote, except the Houfe br equally divided. N After 178 2E^ep?«reHt&tatc PartB. After Dinner the Parliament ordinarily alTcmbles sot, though many times they continue fitting long in the Ai! ternoon, and fometimes after Candlelight. Committees fit after Dinner, where it is allowed 10 fpeak, and reply, as oft as they pleafc. In the Lords Houfe they give their Suffrages or Voitt, beginning at the Puiftie, or lowed Baron, and fo the reft Seriatim, every one anfwering apart, [Content, or Kn Content."] But in this Houfe if the Affirmatives and Ne¬ gatives are equal, femper pr.rfmitnr pro Kegante, the Speii[ir being not allow’d a calling Voice. In the J/onfe of Commons, they Vote by Tea's and AVi altogether; and if it be doubtful, whether is the greater Number, then the Houfe divides, and the Tea’s are togo forth,and the AVs arc to fit dill, (bccaufe thefe are content with their prefent condition, without any fuch addition or alteration of Laws, as the other defire) and fome are appointed to number them: but at a Committee, though it be of the whole Houfe, as is oftentimes, the Tea's go on one fide, and the IVj’son the other, whereby theymaj be difecrnfcl. If a Bill pafs in one Houfe, and being fent to the other Houfe, they demur upon it, then a Conference is demand¬ ed in the Fainted Chamber, where certain deputed Mem¬ bers of each Houfe meet, the Lords fitting covered at a Table, the Commons danding^re with great Refpeft, where the Bufinefs is debated (if they then agree not, that Bufinefs is nulled: but if they agree, then it is at lad brought (with all other Bills which have paffed in both Houfes) to the, King, who comes again with his Crotvn on his Head, and clothed svith his Royal Robes, and being Seated in his Chair of State, and all the Lords in their Robes, the Clerk of the Crosvn reads the Title of each Bill, and as he reads, the Clerk of the Parlia¬ ment, according to his Indruflions from the King, who before hath maturely confidered each Bill, pronounceth the Royal Alfent. If it be a publick Bill, the Anfwer is, Le Ro] le vent,) which gives Life and Birth to that Bill, that was .before but an Embrio. If a private Bill, the An- fiver is, (Soit fait comme il ejl defire. If it be a publick Bill, which the King likes not, then the Anfwer is,) Le part n. of ENGLAND. 179 ifs’Mferit) which is taken for an abfolute denial in a more civil way, and that Bill is wholly nulled. Note, That the King tnithont his Perfinal Prefence, cm, hjCommiffm granted to feme of his Nobles, give his Koyal glut to any Bill that requires hajie. If it be a Bill for Moneys given to his Majefly, then the Anfwer is, (Le Roy remercie fes hyaux Sujets, accepte leur Benevolence, & auft le veut.) The Bill for the King’s General Pardon, hath but one Reading in cither Houfe, for this Reafon, becaufe they niuli take it, as the King will pleafe to give it. When the Bill for the General Pardon is pafled by the King, the Anfweris thus, (r.es Prelats Seigneurs is Communes en ce Parlement ajfembleiau nom de ms vos autres Sujets remer- (ienl tres humblement voire Majejie is prient Dieu vous don- eer en [ante bonne vie is longue. All Afts of Parliament before the Reign of Henry the Seventh , were pafled and enrolled in French, now in Englijh. . Moll of our Ancient Afls of Parliament run in this Stile: The King at the humble Requefi of the Commons, with lie Ajfent of the Prelates, Du\es, Earls, and Barons, hath Crdained, or Enabled. After, it was thus j The Kjng,by the Aivice and Ajfent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and with the Ajfent of the Commons, doth Enabl, Of latter times it hath been thus 5 Be it Enabled by the King's moji Ex- t/knt Majejly, by, and with the Advice and Confent of the herds Spiritual and Temporal, and of the Commons: altTiough the words of the Writ for fummoningthe Commons, ought to be the main Rule} is only ad Confentiendum, and not id Contilium impendendum, as it is in the Writ of the Lords ; and it is evident that the Commons, in the late Long_ Parlia- m, made an advantage, of that for juflifying their Ufur- Pations againll King Charles the Martyr- When thofe things, for which the Parliament was fummoned, have been fuflficiently treated and brought to a conclufion, then the King doth ufually Adjourn, Pro¬ rogue, or Diflblve the Parliament in manner following. , The Adjournments are ufually made in the Lords Houfe, by the lord Chancellor in the King's Name, to what other day the King pleafeth, and alfo to what other place, if N 1 he i8o ffilje ^?£fm &tste Part II he think fit to remove them, as fometimeshath ^endotci and then all things already debated and read, in oneot both Houfes, continue to tlie next meeting in the fame ftate they were in before the Adjournment, and fo naj be refumed. In the like manner the Parliament is Prorogued ; but 1 ; a Prorogation there is a Seflion ended, and then the Bills that were almoft ready in.both Houfes for the Royal Afa, not having it, muft, at the re-adembling of the PatlianKBi, 'X e Spender of the Houfe of Common!, upon Notice ghj ven, That it is the King’s pleafure that Houfe (hall alo Adjourn, doth fay, with the Affent of the Houfe, Hit Houfe ii Adjourned. When the King’s pleafure is to Prorogue or Dijfolve tit Parliament, His Majefty commonly cometh in Perfon, wii his Crown on his Head, fendeth the Bkdi^Rod for alhh Houfe of Commons, to come to the Ear of the Lords H«j!, and after the King’s Anfwer to each Bill fignified, asafotf mentioned. His Majefty ufually makes a folemn Speed, tl’.e Lord Chancellor another, and the Speaker of the Hnj of Commons a Third. Then the Lord Chancettor, by dt fpecial Command of the King, doth pronounce the Parlit- menc Prorogued or Dijfolved. Note, That the King being Head of the Parliamt!/ if his Death doth kippen during the fitting of the Porlii- menc, it is, ipfo faflo, Dijfolved. Anciently, after every Sefm of Parliament, the Bio; commanded every Slieriff to proclaim the fevcral Attvni to caufe them to be duly obierved; yet without thatPp clamation, the Law intended, that every one hatliNoiict byhisReprcfentative,of what istranfafled in Parliament; Of latter times, (ince Printing became common, that Culloa hath been laid afide. Note, Toat the Soveraign’s AlTcnt is never Prajiih the Lords, but always by the Houfe of Commons, bjih mouth of their Speaker. A Catalogue of the. Spiritu.tl Lords of Parliamenthavinj been before inferred, here folioweth a Lift of the Tier.- por.rl Peers ; and, to avoid the Taut.ilogy of another Ci- talogue, the whole A'eW/ir; of England, as even (M/w'i “ tnolt part II. Of ENGLAND. i8r [hofc who are not of Age to (it in- the Lords Houfe-, and jlfo Bnrw#r, not by Marriage, but who have been cre¬ ated fo by Patent, (hall be here fpecified. Note, that Minors and Women are marled n/ith an Aflerisk thus, * having no Suffrage in Parliament. J Catalogue ef the Nobility of England. A Fter his Royal Highnefs Prince Giorgeoi Venmarli, and Norway, Duke of Cumberland, Earl of Kendal, and Baron of Ocliingham, follow the Dukes and Diitcheffes all in their Order. DVKES and VVTCHESSES. * V'Wiam Duke of GhceJIer, Henry Howard, Duke of Norfolk^, Earl of Arundel, Earl- Harlhal of England, &c. Charles Seymor, D. o( Somerfet,zni Earl of Hertford, gee. ’■ Barb'a, Dutchefs of Cleaveland, and Countefs of Sinthampton. * Lovifa de Q^erovalle , Dutchefs of Portfmmth, and Countefs of Farham. * Charles Lenox, D. of Richmond, and Earl of Ufarchr&c. Charles Fit^^-Roy, Duke of Southampton, and Earl' of Chtjler. * Charles Fitg-Roy, D. olGrafton, and Earl of Eujlon, gtc. James Butler, Duke of Ormond, and Earl of Brecknock, and Offory. Henry Somerfet, Duke of Beaufort, ar.d Marquifs of IFijr- ujler, &C. George Fitg-Roy, Duke of Northumberland, and EaroUjCf fonlefraCl, gee. Charles Beuclair, Duke of St. Albons, and Earl of '£f«r- fird, gee. James Fit".James, Duke of Berwick, Earl of Tindal, and Baron of Bofworth, in the County'of Leicefler. Charles Pawlett, Duke of Bolton, Marq-uifs of Winchejler, andEarlof [rt/ij7wc. Charles Schonberg, Duke o; Scl.enberg, N 3 MAR- iSz Part II. JClje |0?£rent State AfARQJJISSES. George Sitville, Marguifs of Hatlifax, Baron Saville of Eland, &c. ‘ William Herbert, Marguifs of Pomt, Sec. Thomas Ofborne, Marguifs of Carmarthen, Lord Prefident pf the Privy-Council, Earl of Danb/, Vifcount Latimer, &c. earls and COVNTESSES. Avhery de Vere, Earl of Oxford, and Lord Bolebec, 8ic. Charles Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, and Lord Funi- Anthony Grey, Earl of Kent. William Stanley, Earl of Derby, and Bar. Strange, See. John Mannours, Earl of Rutland, and Baron Rofs, &c. Theophilus Hajiings, Earl of Huntington, Bar. Hajiings, Sec. William Rujfel, Earl of Bedford, and Bar. Rupl, Sec. Thomas Herbert, Earl of Pembroke and Alontgomery, Lord • rivy-Scal, and Baron Herbert, &c. Francis Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, and Bar. Clinton, Sc. Henry Howard, Earl of Suffolk, and Baron Howard of Walden, Sep. Charles Saevile, Earl of Dorfet and Middlefex, Lord Chamberlain of the Houfhold, and Baron mkhurfl, &c. James Cecil, Earl of Salisbury,md Vifcount Cranborn, Stc. John Cecil, Earl of Exeter, and Bar. Burghley, Sec. John Egerton,E,3t\ oiBridgewater,3nd Vifcount Bracer/, Philip Sidney, Earl of Leicejier, and Vifcount Life, Stc. George Compton, Eurl of Northampton,3nd Bar. Compton,Sec, * Edward Rich, Earl of Warwick, and Holland, and Ba¬ ron ^ch, Sep. William Cavendillt, Earl of Devonjhire, Lord Steward of the King’s Houfhold, and Baron Cavendifh, Sec. ' iBafil Fielding, Earl of Denbigh, and Vifcount Fielding,Sec, '^bn Digby, Earl of Brijlot, and Baron Digby, &c. John Holies, Earl of Clare, and Baron Houghton, &c. Pawlet St. John^ Earl of Bolingbrook,, and Bar. St. John pf Blethfho,Sec. fere Bane,Earl oiWeflmorland, and Baron le (fe Spfticer, ftid Burgherjh, &c. Charles Montague, Earl of Mfpchejler, and Vifcount Man, ^vfle, Sic. ■ • ■ ■ • - Partir. of ENGLAND, i8; Tkmat Hotfard, Earl of Berk^fhire, and Vifcount Ando- vtr, &c. /oAn Shiljicld, Earl of Mdgrave, and Bar. Sheffield, icc. Tbomns Savage, Earl B-iDcrr, and Vifcount Co/c/jf/fer, &c, Robert Bertie, Earl of lind/e^, and Baron Lord Great Chamberlain of England. Henri Mordant, Earl of Peterborough, and Baron Mordant of Purvey, gjc. Thomas Grey, Earl of Stnmford, and Baron Grey of Groby, &c. Charles Finch, Earl of Winchelfey, and Vifcount Maid- Jbne, Sec. Evelin Pierpont, Earl of Kingflon upon Hull, and Vifcount Rewar\, &c. Charles Dormer, Earl of Caernarvon, and Vifc. Afcot, &c. Philip Stanhope, Earl of Chejlerjield, and Bar. Stanhope,Sec. Thomas Tufton, Earl of Thanet, aqd Baron Tufton, &c. William IVentworih, Earl of Stafford, and Vifcount Wentworth, Sec. Robert Spencer, Eatloi Sunderland, and Bar.5|iei7cer, fee. Robert Leal^, Earl of Scarfdak, and Bar. D(iincoi(rr,&c. Edward Miuntague , Earl of Sandwich, and Vifcount Hinebinbroohe, fee. Henry Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, and Vifc. Cernbury, fee, * Algernoon Capel, Earl of Effex, Vifcount .dfali/on, fee. Robert Brudenel, Earl of Cardigan, and Bar. Brudenel, fee. James Anneflcy, Earl of Anglesey, and Bar. Anrtejley, fee. John Granville, Earl of Bath, and Vifc. Lanfdown, fee. Charles Howara, Eir\o( Carlifle, Vifc. dftrper/j, fee. William Craven, Earl of Craven , Vifcount Cr.iven of Vffingten, fee. Thomas Bruce, Earl of Ailesbiiry, and Baron Bruce, fee. Richard Hoyle, Earl of Burlington, and Bar. Clifford, fee. Anthony Affiley Coopir , Earl of Shaftsbury, and .Baton djhley, fee. Edward Henry Lee, Earl of Litchfield, and Vifcount Sitarrendon, fee. Tbomat Leonard, Earl of Suffer, and Bar. Dacres, fee. Lovis de Duras, Earl of Feverjliam, Vifc. Sands, fee. Charles Gerrard, E. of Machlesfield, and Vifc. Brandon, dyyc, Charles Bodville Roberts,E.nl oiRadnor,y\[c. Bodmin, Sec. N 4 William 184 2 El)c jSjtfciu &tate Part II, WUttnm Tafiov, Earl of Tarimuth, Vifc. P^Jloit, &c. George Be''kele), Earl of Berkeley, and Vifc. Diir/ley, &c. D.wiel rinch, Earl* of Kottinghum, Chief Secretary of Stare, and Ear.^FrW; of Dmeniry, Sec. Laurence Hyde, B.it\ of Rochejier, Vifc- H)de, Sec. James Bertie, Earl of Abington, Bar. Norrets, Sec. * Baplijl Noel, Earl of Gainsborough, Vifc. Caapden, Stc. Corners)Parcy, Eetri of Holdernefs, and Bar. Darcy and Afeynel, Sec. Other Windfer, Earl of Plymouth, and Bar. Windfor, Sec. *■ Catherine Sidle/, Countefs of Dorchejier, and Baronefs of Darlington. Francis Ratcliff, Earl of Dcrwentaater,'l\fc. Ratcliff Mi Langley in the County of Cumberland,md Bit.Tyndal. ' Henry Howard, Earl of Stafford, William Bentinck,, Earl of Portland, Vifeount Woodjlock, and Ear. of Cirencefler. Thomas Bettaffife, Earl of Falconberg, and Vifc. Falconberg, Charles Mbrdtnt, Earl of Monmouth, and Vifc. Mordant. Ralph Montague; Earl of Montague, Vifc. Mount Hermir, and Ear. Montague. John Churchil, Earl of Marlborough, and Bar. Churchil. Arthur Herbert, Earl of Torrington, Bar. Herbert of Torbay in the County of Devon. ■Richard Lumley, Earl of .Scarborough, and Vifc. Lumley, Henry Booth, Earl of Warrington, Bar. Velamere. VISCOVNTS. Edward (T Evereiix, Vifeount Hereford. Francis Brown, Vifeount Montague. William Fiennes, Vifeount Say and Seal, Francis Newport, Vifeount Newport. Charles Townfend, Vifeount Townfend, Thomas Thynn, Vifeount Weymouth. Chrifiopher Hatton, Vifeount Hatton. Henry Sidney, Vilcount Sidney. Henry Teherton, Vifeount Longuville. Edw.ird Villiers, Vifeount Villiers, Mailer of the Horfe ro f.'er r-lajclly. pjftll, of ENGLAND. 185 barons and B a R 0 N E S S E S. Curie Nevil, Lord Abergavenny. Jamei Touchet, Lord Audley.’ itiert Bertie, Lord Willoughby ol Earfby. UnWeft, lord delaWare. Chrles Berkley, lord Berkley o{ Berkley. ■Jin. Parker, lordJUorleyandAfonteagle, , , . Retert Shirley, Lord Ferrorr. . Charles Mildmay, lord Fiig-walter, EdwardStoiirton, lord Stoiirton. Ralph Eure, Lord Eure, ' . '. Philip Wharton, lord Wharton,.. . . ■■■:■ BaghWilloughby,- UsrdWiiloughbyoi Parham. Wiam Paget, lord Paget. Pranas Howard, lord Howard p{ Effingham. \Wam North, Lord A and Cry of Rollejlop,. , James Bruges, lord Chandpit. Selert Cary, lord Hunfden. Robert Sidney, lord Sidney o{ Penjhurji. M Petre, Lord Petre. Charles Gerard, Lord Gerard of Gerards Bromley, Henry Arundel, lord Arundel of Wardour, and Count of the Empire. * The Lady Catherine Stewart, Baronefs C/i/ten, See, Chriflopher Roper, Lord Tenham. PmIkeGrevile, Lord Brook- Ford Grey, lord Grey of Wark: John Lovelace, Lord Lovelace. JohnPawkt, Lord Pawlet. William aPfaynard, lord Maynard. ■ TIio. Coventry, lord Coventry. Willi,im Howard, Lord Howard of Efcrick- Charles Mohim, Lord Mahnn. tho. Leigh, Lord Leigh of Stonely. Iko. Jermyn, Lord JermpnofSr.Edmundsbxry, William Byron, Lord Byron. John Faughan, Lord Vaughan. frantK Carrington, Lord Cfirrington, 'See, William Part II, i8(j SCljc pjefcnt fetate , Willkm Widdringm, Lord Widdringtcni EdwaxdWttrd, LordlVard, Jihn Culpepper, Lord Culpepper. Charles Baple, Lord Clifford oiLaneskrough. Robert Lucas, Lord Lucas, Edward Watfon, Lord Rockingham, , Robert Sutton, Lord Lexinton, JHarmaduke Langdale, Lord Langdale. John Berktej, Lord Berkley of Stratton, Charles Granville, Lord Granville. Denzel Holies, Lord Holies. Charles Cornwallis, Lord Cornwallis. IhomasCrew, Lord Crew. John Arundel, Lord Arundel of Trerice. Hugh Clifford, Lord Clifford of Chudleigb. * Sufan Airmine, Bironefsof Bellafffe of Ofgodbj, Peregrine Ofborn, Lord Ofborn of Kiveton. George Carteret, Lord Carteret. John Bennet, Lord Offuljhn. * Wiliam Legg, Lord Dartmouth, *John Stawell, Lord StaweU Prancis North, Lord Guilford, Sidney Godolphin, Lord Godolphin of Rialton. Henry Jermin, Lord Dover. * John Jefferyes, Lord Jefferyes. James Waldgrave, Lord IPaldgrave. Edward Griffin, Lord Griffin. Hugh Cholmondley, Lord Cholmondley, John Affiburnham, Lord Afloburnham. Henry Capel, Lord Capel. William Farmer, Lord Lempfter. Of Temporal Peers of England there ire at prefent 1591 who, with the a6 Bilhops, make in all 193 Lords of Par* liamcnt. [iHunibcr.] Dukes and Dutchcfles-----16 Marquiffcs-- garls and Counteflcs- -3 of ENGLAND. 187 Part II. Vifcounts.- 10 jarons and Baronelles-67 In all-idj Bcfides PeerelTes by Marriage. whereas within Eighty years laft part there was not One Duke, but One Marquifs, about Nineteen Earls, Three or Four Vifcounts, and Forty Lords. Notwithftanding the Order of Precedence in this fore¬ going Catalogue, yet thefe great Offcers following, in refpeftof their Offices, take place before all Dukes not of (lie Blood.Royal. The Lord Chmtlhr, or Lord Keepc of the Great Seal. The Lord Treafiref. The Lord Frejident of the King’s Cowin'/. The Lord Vrivj-Scal. Thefe other great Officers take place alfo, in tefpeft of. theirOffices, above all others of the fame Degree that they •Ihallhappento bcof. ' The Lord Gr-.at Chamberlain of England. Lord High Conflable. The Earl fllarfial of England. The Lord Admiral of England. The Lord Steward of the King’s Honfliild. The Lord CAdwier/iiin of the King’s Houlhold. Note alfo. That the King’s Chief Secretiiry of S'rdre, being of the Degree of a Baron of Parliament, (hall precede all' Bmns, not having any ofthefaid Offices; and if he be a £i(lijp, he (hall precede, and take place ot all ocher Bijhopt^ not having the faid Office. 4 188 Ml)e gjffene &tate partij. Lifi of the Knights, Citizens, and Burgcffes .-of the PARLIAMENT at Weftminfterj;; March 33etlf0?5^ire fends 4 Members of Parliament, viz. T He Honourable Edrvard Rnffel Efqi Thomas Brouvne Efq; Town of Bedford. Thomas Hitterfdon Efq; Thomas Chrijlie Efq; 7Berk0 $. Sir Henry Winchcombe Earoner. Sir Humphrey Fofler Bar. Borough of Nm-Windfor, Sir Charles Porter Kniglit. William 4dderly Efq; Borough of Reading, Sir William Rich Bar. Sir Henry Fane Knighcof tlie Bath. Borough of Wallingford, William Jennens Efq; John Wallis Efq; Borough of Abington. Simm Harcomt Efq; 33 uc 6 j 8 f 14. The Right Honourable Thomas Wharton Efq; Tht Right Honourable Richard Hampden Efq; Town of Bucl^ngham. Sir Richard Temple Knight and Baronet. Alexander Denton Efq; Borough of Chipping Wicomb. Thomas Lems Jun. Efq; Charles Godfrey Efq; Borough of Ayllsbury. Sir Thomas Lee Bar. Simon Mayn Efq; Borough PaitIK of ENGLAND. Borough of Agimndefhm. Edimnd Waller of Bemsfield Efq; Tlie Honourable William Montague Efq; Borough of Wendmer. Un Backrrell Efq; Borough of Great Marm. garnet Chafe Efq; Sir William Whitlocks Knight. damb^togc 6 , Sir Levinus Benner Baronet. Sir Robert Cotton Knight. Univerfity of Cambridge, The Honourable Edmrd Finch Efq; Hint) Bojte Efq; Town of Cambridge. Sir John Cotton Baronet. Oranado Pigott Efq; CljEffcr 4- Sir John Mainwaring Baronet. Sir Robert Cotton Knight and Baronet. City of chejier. Sir Thomas Grojvenor Baronet. Richard Leving E(q;i Co^ntoal 44. The Honourable Francis Roberts Efq; The Right Honourable //ugh Bofeowen Efq; Borough of Dunhhid, alias Launcejlon. Tlie Honourable Bernard Granville Efq; Henr] Lord Hide Borough of Lisleard. Sir Bouchier H'rfl)’Knight of the Bnr^!, and Bar. Emanuel F^per Efq; Borough of Leflmithiel, Sir Bet-ill Grenville Knight. Walter Kendall Efq; Borough of Truro. Sir Henri /tfliurU Baronet. Henry Vincent Efq; i8p Borough 1^10 Part II. Kie j^^ercnt dtate Borough of Bodmin, Sir John Cutler Km. and Baronet, fince dead, KichoUsGljnn Efq-, Borough of fJelfton, Sir John St. Aubh Baronet. Charles Godolfliin Efq; Borough of SaltaPi. NarciJJus Lutteril Efq; JHichatl Hid Efq; Borough of Camelford. ■Ambrofe Manaton Efq; Henrj Manaton Efq; Borough of Port-Higham, alias Wefllov. Edward Seimour Efq; Jonathan trelawn) Efq; Borough of Grampound. John Tanner Efq; John Butler, Efq; Borough of Eajllow. Charles Trelawney Efq; Henry Trelawny Efq; Borough of Peryn. Alexander Pendarvis Efq; Sidny Godolpkin Efq; Borough of Tregony. ^ Sir John Tremaine Knight, Serjeant at Law. Hugh Fortefcue Efq; Borough of Bijjiny. Samuel Travers Efq; Sir Peter Colleton Baronet. Borpugh of St. Ives, James Prade Efq; William Harris Efq; Borough of Powa). Jonathan Raflileigh Efq; Shadrach Vincent Efq; Borough of Sr. Germans. Daniel Elliot Efq; Henry Fleming Efq; Borough of St. Michael. Francis Scobell Efq; Humphrey Courtney Efq; Borough pjrtll. of ENGLAND. Borough of NeifpiiTt. Un Speccot Efq; Jik Mirrit Efq; ^ Borough of Sc. Afao’t, Jofeplitredenham Knighc. 1h Tredenhm Efq; Borough of Kimgm. pirns Fiitford Efq; JtMilm Frideaux Efq; CumbErlanO 6 , Sir Gtorge Fletcher Baronet. cir Un Lonther of White-haven, Bar. City of Carlijle. \ChriJlopher Mufgrave Efq; Ifiliam uwther Efq\ Borough of CocKermmw. Sir Orlando Gee Knighc. SirlfiZ/rerf Larefon Baronet. ©arbp 4. Sir Gilbert Clarhe Knight. Hmj Gilbert Efq; Town of Darbj. The Honourable Anchitel Gray Efq; Mert Wilmote Efq; Bthonl^ire 26 . Francis Courtenay Efq; Samuel Rode Efq; City of Exeter. Sit Edmard Seymour Baronet. Cbiftopher Bale Efq; Borough of Totnes. demy Seymour Efq; Uimas Coljlon Efq; Borough of Plymouth. The Honourable John Greenvide Efq; ]chn Trelamy Efq; Borough of Oalihampton, li'idiam Cary Efq; diary Kortleigh Efq; Jpi Borough ip2 ■ arijefjeffiit&tate Part n, Borougli of Branflable. Sir George Hutchins, Kt. Arthur Champnep Efq; Borough of Plimpton, yohn PoUexfen Efq; Sir Thomas Trevor Knt. Borough of Honiton. Sir WiBiam Drahe Knight and Baronet. Sir Walter Tonge Baronet. Borough of Tavijiock_. ’ The Honourable Robert Rupl Efq; Sir Francis Dral^ Baronet. Borough of AflAurton. Sir Richard Rejnett Knight and Baronet. WiBiam Stawell Efq; Borough of Clifton, Dartmouth and Hardnefs, Sir pfeph Herne Knight. William Ha}ne Efq; Borough of Beralflon. , John Strinfen Efq; ffohn Smith Efq; Borough of Tiverton. Thomas Bere Efq; Sir Anthonji Recife. ©o^fetf^ire 20. Thomas Strangervajs Efq; Thomas Freke Efq; Town of Pole. Sir Nathanael Napper Knight and Baronet. Sir John Trenchard Knight. Borough of Dorcheller, James Gould Efq; Thomas Trenchard Efq; Borougli of Lime Regis. Henry Henly Efq; John Burridge E(q; Borough of Wapmouth. Sir John Morton Baronet. Michail Harvy Efq; Borougli p,irtll. of ENGLAND. Borough of Melcm Regu, Umj Hming Efq; Ttmns Frel^e Efq; Borough of BrUport. Jih MitM Efq; Sir Knight. Borough of Shafton, alias Sbaftskr/’ Sir Matthew Andrews Kniglic. Edward Nicholas Efq; Borough of Wareham. tmmas Erie Efq; Milliam Ohcden Efq; Bo.iough of Corf-Cajile, tkhard Fownes Efq; William Cullifori Efq; ©urljani 4. Sir Robert Eden Bar. William Lambton Efq; City of Durham, Widiam Tempe[l Efq; George Morland Efq; 8 . Sir Francis Majham Bar. John Lemot Honpwood Efq; Borough of Colchejler, Samuel Reynolds Efq; Ifaac Rebow Efq; Borough of Maldon, Sir Thomas Darcy Bar. Charles Montague Efq; Borough of Harwich. Tlie Right Honourable Charles Lord Cheyiit. Sir T.hmas Middleton Knight. (SloucElferf^tre 8. Sir John Guife Bar. Sir Ralph Dutton Bar. City of Gloucefier, Wiliam Cooke Efq; WitiarnTry Efq; O Baraagb iP4 S:i;epj£fcttt&tate Part 11 . Borough of Cirencejier. Rickird Haw Efq; Jahn Haw Efq; Borough of Tewkjl>Kfy- Richard Dawefwell Efq; Sir Francis IVinniniton Rnighc. f crEfo?5n)irE 8. Sir Rolen Croft Bar. Sir Edward Harh Ki.ight of the BofA. City of Hereford, Paul Foley Efq; Henry Cornwall Efq; Borough of Lem}ffcr. Thomas Lord Conyngsby, John Dutton Colt Efq; Borough of Woolly. Robert Price Efq; Timas Foley Jun. Efq; i^rrtfojSf^irE 6. Sir Thomas Poj-e Blount Car. Ralph Freeman Efq; Borough of St. Alhans. Sir Samuel Grimjhn Bar. George Churchill Efq; Borougli of Hertford. Sir William Cowper Bar. Sir Willi an Lemas Bar. l|uiUingtcn(l)irc q. The Honourable Robert Mountague Efq; John DriJen Efq; . Borough of Huntington. The Honourable Sirfw)'l{bit/y, aWas Montague Efq; The Honourable Rich.ird Mountague Efq; IScilt to. Sir John Knatchbull Bar. Sir Thomas Robots Bar. City of Canterbury. Sir WtUiam Honynood Bar. Henry Lee Efq; City part II. of ENGLAND. city of Rschefler. Sir fdfipb iViUiomfon Knight. CM Banks Efq; Borougli of Maidihne. Sir Thomas Tailor Bar. Tbimns Rjda Efq; Borough of Queenbomgh. Sir John Banks Bar. Rsbtst Crawford Efq; JLancaf^ire 14. The Right Honourable cW/er Lord Bjandon Gerrard. The Honourable James Stanlj Efq; Borough of Lancafter. K’sii: Kerb/ Efq; Tkmas Prefton Efq; 'Borough of Prefton in Amomdernejs, SkChriftoplwr Greenfeild Knight. Sir Edward Chifenhal! Knight. Borough of Kerfton. The Honourable George Cholmondelf Efq; John Bennet Efq; Borougli of Wiggan. Sir Richard Slandifti Knight. Piter Shakerl/ Efq; Borough of Clitherce. Aothon/ Parker Efq; Roger Kenyon Efq; Borough of Levemol. The Right Honourable Richard Ld. ColcheHer, Thomas Norris of Speak, Efq; JLeiceffEc 4 - The Right Honourable Bennet Lord Sherrard, Sir Thomas Heftlridge Bar. Borough of Leicefter. Sir Edward Abney Knight. Lawrence Carter Efq; JLincolti 12. The Right Honourable George Yifeount Caftleton. Sir Thomas Hnjfey Bar. City 196 Elie pjtfcut &iatc Partll. city of Lincoln. Sir John Bilks Bar. Sk EdivnrJffaJey Bar. Borough of Bojlon. Sir Wi'Jiim TorI(c Knight. Peregrine Beit) Efq; Borough of Great Grimsb}. Sir Edward Aifcogh Knight. JohnChaflin Efq; Town of Stamford. The Honourable Charles Bertie Efq; William Hyde Efq; Borougli of Grantham. Sir John Broamlotre Bar. Sir Willi.mi Ellis Bar. ^iDClffiT 8. Sir Charles Gerrard Ear. Ralph Harrtcry Efq; City of Wejlminjler. Sir Walter Clarges Bar. Sir Stephen Pox Knight. London. Sir William Pritchard Knight. Sir Samuel Dalhmod Knight. Sir Thomas Vernon Knight. Sir John Fleet Kniglit. f^onmoutl) 3- The Riglir Honourable Charles Lord Marqncfs of WarceJI/r, Ttomat Morgan Efq; Borough of Monmmth. Sir Cktrles Kemeys Knight. iSO’folIi l^. Sir Jacob AUler Knight and Baronet. Sir William Coobe Ear. City of Korwich. Thomas Bhfeild Efq; Hugh Bohenham Efq; 197 of ENGLAND. Town of L)n-RegU. Sir John turner Rnight. dmiel Bedinsfeild Efq; Town of Great tarmom. Garie England Efq; Smel Fxllrr Borough of Thetford. Sir Franck Gn)bon Knight. toftijl May Efq; Borough of Cajllerijing. I Right Honourable Sir Robert Howard Knight. Hubert Walpole Efq; ilio^tljampton 9- Sir St. Andrew St. John Bar. Un Parkhiift Efq; City of Peterborough. Vlilliam Brownlowe Efq; Gilbert Volben Efq; Town of Northampton. Sir Thomas Samuel Bar. Sir William Langham Knight.' Town of Bradley, fh Blencowe Sergeant at Law. The Honourable Henry Mordant Efq; Borough of Higham Ferrers. Thimas Andrews Efq; ilio^tliHmbErlanD 8. V'illiam Fotfier Efq; Philip Bicli-rftaff Efq; Town of Newcaftle n^on Ttne. Sir Ralph Carr Knight. William Carr Efq; Borough of Morpeth. Roger Fenwicli Efq; George Nicholas Efq; Town of Bern>ici^upon Tweed, Sir Francis Blake Knight. Samel Ogle Efq; 03 15)8 %\)e pjeftnt State illottinstjam 8. Sir Scmp ft’w Knight. John White Efo; Town of Nittwgh.m. Charles Hutchiitfin Efq; Richard Slater Efq; n r J Borough of Eajiretford. Jchn Thvahagh Efq; Richard Tajhr Efq} Town of Atwartupon iretit. The Right Honourable William Lord Eland. Sir Franch Meleneux Bar. ©von 9. The Right Honourable Mountague Ld. Norre}S. Sir Robert Jer.kinfon Bar. Univerfity of Oxm. The Honourable Heneage Finch Efq; Sir Thomas Clarges Knight. City of Oxon, The Honourable Hentf Bertie Efq; Sir Edivard Norrets Knight. Borough of Nerv Woodjiocli, Sir Thomas Littleton Bat. Tiiomas Wheate Efq; Borough of Banbury. Sir Robert Daflirrood Knight and Bar. Jftutlano 1 . Pirtll, Sir Toomai Maclyeorth Ear. Rennet Sherrard EH]; ^alop i;. The Honourable Richard Nenport Efq; Edrt'ard K)najion of Oatcly Efq; Town of Salop, The Honourable Andrerv Newport Elq; Richard Mitton Efq; Borough of Bruges, alias Rfidgemrth. Sir William Whitmore Ear. Sir Ediuaid Allan Bar. EorcBtl Partir. Of ENGLAND. Borougli of Lvdlorv. Sjhui Tim Efo; prm'H Liyd E(q-, Borough of fVenloc^. Sir Wtllim Forejier Knight. Cijr^e Weld Efq; Town of Bipips-Cajlle. Williiim Oakelp Efq; Mer Wareiitg Efq; ^omcrfit 18 . Sir Edif^ird PhllUps r.night. Mhamel Palmer Efq; City of Briftol. Sir Richard Hart Knight. Sir Jihn Knight Knight. City of Bath. Sir William Bajfet Knight, Jifeph Langton Efq; City of Wellt. Uvard Barleek) Efq; H)ptm W/ndtam Efq; Borough of Taimton. Eitirard CIj)\ Efq; Jihn Spel{e Efq; Borough of Bridgwater, Sir Francit War Bar. I Kibert Batch Efq; I Borough of Minhead, Jihn Sanford Efq; Alexander Lutterell Efq; BorougK of Itchejler, Sir Edward Windham Bar. Jihn Hunt Efq; Borough of Milborn-Port, Sir Twmat Travell Knight. Sir Charles Carteret Knight. ^outijanipton itf. The Right Honourable Charles Lord Marquefs of Winchejier, Richard piorton Efq; City 200 SEIje ]p2£f£nt &tate City of U'wehejfer. Tlie Right Honourable Willum Lord Fdwltt. Frcdertck_tilne) Efq; Town of Siiiibamptcn. Sir Charles Wyndham Kniglit. ^ Sir Benjamin Nendand Knight. _ Town of Portfmcutb. 1 he Honourable Edtnard R.tJJel Efq; Nicholas Hedger Alderman. Borough of Yarmouth. The Right Honourable Sir John Trei'or Knight. Charles Dmcomk Efq; Borough of Petersfeld. Robert Miche'J Efq; Rickard Holt Efq; t'orougli of Nerrtort, alias Medona. Sir KTJiam Stephens Kniglit. Richard Levefan Efq; Borough of Stockhridge, Richard K'hithcd Efq; dead. Thomas jenoife Jun. Efq; Borougli of Newton, The Rig!;: Honourable Richard Earl of RmUgh, Thomas Done Elq; Borough of Chiili-Church. Francis Gwjn Efq; U'il/iam Enrich Efq; Borough of Whitchwch, The Honourable James Rt'jjel Efq; Ckriflopher Stohs Efq; Borough of Limmingm, Trim Bm rard Efq; 'Tmmas Dore Efq; Borough of Andover. The Honouralile Francis Fawlet of Amport Efq; John I’oUen Efq; ^taffopfi)ir£ to. The Honourable John Grey Efq; V,'alter Ckciwind Efq; pirt II. of ENGLAND. City of Lichfitld, 0irt Burden Efq; RicW Dpt Efqi , , „ . Borough of Stufford. John Chetwkd Efq; Jmntim Cope Efq; Borough of NeiPcajlle under Line, Sir Timas Bellot Bar. Si! John Levefin Comer Bar. Borough of Tamrtorth. Sir Hen-)' Gough Knight. Michael Biddulpb Efq; ^uffolfe 16. Sir Samuel Barnardijlon Bar. Sir Oervas Elwes Bar. Borough of Tpfmich, Sir John Barker Bar. Sir Charles Blois Bar. Borough of Dunmich. Sir Rohert Rich Knight and Bar. John Bence Efq; Borough of Orfofd. Tkmas Glemham Efq; Tbomai Felion Efq; Borough of Alborough. Sir l/cnry Johnfin Knight. ilhllum Johnfin Efq; Borough of Sudbury, J-h Robinfin Efq; Sir Thomas Barnadijlon Bar. Borough of Eye. Henry Poky Efq; 203 Part IF. STljC dtate Borough of Siuthwarli. Anthony Bortyer Efq; John Arnold Efq; Borough of BUchkily. Thomas Howard Efq; Sir Robert Clayton Knighr. Borough of Ryetate. Sir John Parfons Knight. John Parfons Efq; Borough of Guilford. Morgan Randyll Efq; Root Onflow Efq; Borough of Gatton. Sir John Thompfon Bar. Thomas Turgis Efq; Borough of Haflemere. George Rodeney Bridges Efq; Ven^ill Onflow Efq; 20 . Sir John Pelham Ear. Sir William Thomas Bar. City of Chichefter. Sir Thomas Miller Knight. Thomas Ma/ Efq; Borough of Horjham, John Machell Efq; Thomas White Jun. Gent. Borough of Midhurfl, Sir William Morley Knight of the Bath, John Lewl^ner Efq; Borough of Lewes. Tmmas Pelham Efq; Richard Bridger Efq; Borough of Shorehim. Sir Edward Hungerford Knt. of the Bath, John Pery Efq; Borough of Bramler. Dr. Nicholas Barbon. Dr. John Radcliffe. Borough of Stejning- Sir John Fagge Bar. Robert Fagge Efq; Eorougn 20 } partll. of ENGLAND. Borough of Eafi-Grinjled. SMthmaiOi/ke, Bar. Simn Smith Bfq; Borough of AKBife/. inlliam /Horlet Efqj ].tmis Sutler Efq; aUartoicftf^ire 6 . Williitm Sromlejf Efq-, AuJreiP Archer Efq; City of Coventr/, Sichitrd Hipkins Efq; John Strutferd E(c^, Borough of Waraicli, The Right Honourable William Lord Digb). ti’iHiumCilemareZfqi iaiElIroo?lano 4 The Right Honourable Sir John Lowrter, of lonrfier, Bar. Sir Chrijhpher Mufgrave, of Mufgrave, Kt. and Bar. Borough of Apully. The Honourable ttiHiam Cbepni Efq; Charles Eojk Efq; ®liltlfiire j4. The Right Honourable EdmirdVVc. Cmiuty. Sit Walter St. JohnBii. City of Netu Sarum. Tlmui HaJjby Efq; r«m,«F(ffEfq; Borough of [{Wan. Sir Krhurd Grubhum Hera, Knight and Bar. Themas Wyniham, Efq; Borough of DawflioB. Sir CharlesRukighZm^e. Mm ice B}cl(tund Efq; Borough of Hinden. Rebert Hide Efq; The Right Honourable John Lord Vifcount Fit^harditig. Borough of Weftbury. The Honourable Peregrine Bertie Efq; Rif/urd Lerays Efq; ' Bo- Part II. ao.j. STIjj pjcfetit &tate Borough of Nyterbury. WtHim E(q; WtUkm 7rivicfai'i/-fe(c|; B jrougli of Calm. Henry Chivers E(q', William Wyndham Efq; Borougli of the Devixes. Walter Grubb Efq; John Methrvjn Efq; Borough of Chippenbam, Alexander Fiipham Efq; Thmas Talmafli Efq; Borough of Malmesbury, The Hc'ourable GoidirinWhartm Efq; George Booth Efq; Borough oiCriclade, Edmund Webb Efq; Charlei Fox Efq; Borough of Great Bedtrin. The Right Honourable Anthony Vifcount Falkland. Sir Jonathan Raymond Knighc. Borougli of Ludgerfale, Thomas Neale Efq; John Deunf Efq, Borough of Old Sarum. Sir Thomas Mimpejjon Knight. IVilliam Harvey Efq; Borough of Woitton Baffit. Henry St. John E(qj JohnWildman, Jun.Elcp, Borough of Marlebmugh. Sir John Ernie Knight. Sir Georgt Willoughby Knight. ('llo’crfirrnjivr 9 . Sir John Fackjngton Bar, Thomas Foley Efq; City of Worcefter. Sir John Somers Knight, noiv Lord Keeper. Iftiiiam Bromley Efq; Bo, Pat II. of ENGLAND. 105 Borough of Droitmch, The Right Honourable Richard Earl of BeWfflont. Philip Foley Efq; Borough of Evepiam. Sir James Rujhmt Ear. Edward Rud^e Efq; Borough of Bewdley, Henry Herbert Efq; go^&fflire 30- The Right Honourable Tlmat Lord Fairfax. Sir John Kay Bar. City of Tint Robert Waller Efq; Henry Thompfon Efq; Town of KingJIor: upon Hud. John Ramfden Efq; Charles Osborne Efq; Borough of Kiiareiboroiigh. Timas Fox Efq; H'illiam S ccfidale Efq; Borough of Scaresborovgh. FrancU Tl:ornpfon Efq; John HungerfordFicp, Borough of Rippon. Sir Jonathan Jennings Knight. Jonathan Jennings Efq; Borough of Richmond. Sir Afarli Milbank. Bar. Theodore Bathurjl Efq; Borough of Heydon. Henry Guy Efq; Matthew Appleyard Efq; Borough of Boroughbrigg. Sir f/enrrCooifric^Knightand Baronet. Sir Bryan Stapleton Bar. Borough of Malton, Sit William Striclrland Bar. William Palms Efq; Borough of rmafr. Thomas Franljand}ifqi Richard Staines Efq; Bo- 2q6 | 0 ?efcnt &tatc Part II. Borough of AIdkmgh. Sir Michntl Wentmrtb Knighr. Cbriftcphcr Tanl^ed Efq; Borough of Bevehfy. Sir Micbael Warm Knight. WidiamGcc Efq; • Borough of North-ABerton. SirliGdim Robinfin Ear. Sir Thomas Lafcels Efq; Borough of Pmiefrall. The Honourable /ienrp Ditme} Efq; Sir Jobn Bland Bar. BARONS of the Cinque Poits (i6) Port of Hajlings, The Honourable John Beaumont Efq; Peter Gott Efq-, Town of Wincbelfea, Robert Auflen Bar. Samuel Weftcrn Efq; Town of R)e. Sir John Auften Bar. Sir John Darrel Knight. Port of New Rumney, Sir Charles Sidley Bar. John Brewer Efq; Port of Hyeth. Sir Philip Butler Bar. William Brockman Efq; Port of Dover. Thomas Papillon Efq; James ChadwickB.{q\ Port of Sandwich. John Thurbrane Serjeant at Law. Edward Brent Efq; Port of Seafrd. William Campion Efq; /denrjf Pelham Efq; wales Part II. of ENGLAND. WALES (24) ainglEftv 2. The Riglic Honourable Richard Yifcounc Eulkleyt Town of Borvimris tiiimas Bulhleji Efqi 33?ccon. 2. SnRoadand G)i>>n Knight. Town of Brcan. pffcryjccfferp£{qi CarDigan a. Sir Carberj Price Bar. Town of Cardigan. Hcbhr Philips Efq; Carmartijen 2. Sir Rice RuddBzr. Town of Carmarthen. Rickard Vaughan Efq; Carnarban 2. Sir ifilliam Williams of VapalBit. Town of Carnarven. SirKoieit Orcen Knight. IE?Enfap 2. Sir Richard Middleton Bar. Town of Denhy, Eduard Brereton Efq; f'inta. Sir Roger Pulefion Knight. Town of Flint. Tkm.1t Whitley Efq; io8 JElje iDjefcnt &t8i? Partij, (I 5 lamo?gan 2. S4^ymnfelE(q-, Town of Cardiffi. Tho. Miinfel Efq; ^erionetli i. Sir John Wynne Knight and Baronet. jpontgonicrp 2. Edward Vaughan Efq; Town of Mintgmery Trice Demeux Efq; g&tmb^ook 3. Sir Hugh Owen Knight and Baronet. Town of Haverford-We(l. Sir William Wegan Knight. Town of Pembreol^ Arthur Owen Efq; 3 Raono^ 2. JchnJeferysE(qi Town of New Radnor. Robert Harley Efq; In all Five hundred and thirteen ; whereof generally a- bout Two hundred are abfent upon Bufi nefs, or Siek, ^c. CHAP. Part II. of ENGLAND. top C H A P. XV,. Of Vartknlar Gfivernmaits , and frjf of the Ecclcfuf ical, Civil and Military Government of the King's Hoiijliold. T'OR the Ecclefufticil Government ofthe King’s Court, r tliere is firft a Dean of the Chapel-Roial, who is ufually fomc grave, karned Prelate ,cltofcn by the King, and who, as Ikaii, acknowicdgeth no Superior but the King; for as the King’s I’alaccis exempt from all inferiour Temferal Ju- rifdiflian, fois hisCluppd from all Spiritual-, it is called Capella Dvninica, the Ooniain Chappel, is not within the Jurifdiftion or Diocefs of any Bidiop, but as a Regal I’e- culiar exempt and referved to the Vifitation and immediate Government of the King, who is Supreme Ordinary as it were, over all England. By the Dean are chofen all other Officers of the Cha¬ pel, aiV. a Sab Dean, or Prscenter Capelle-, thirty two Gcntlcrhtn of the Chapel, whereof twelve are Priefts, and one of them is ConfcHbrtothe Ring’s Houlhold, whofe Office is to read Prayers every morning to the Family, to vifit the Sick, to examine and prepare Communicants, to inform fuch as defirc advice in any cafe of Conference, or Point of Religion, i;c. The other twenty Gentlemen, commonly called the Cierfir of the Chappel, arc with theaforefaid Prieftsto per¬ form in the Chappel the Office of Divine Service, in Pray¬ ing, Singing, ifyc- One of thefe being well skilled in Mu- fick, is chofen Maffer of the Children, whereof there are twelve in Ordinary, to inflruft them in the Rules and Arc of Mufick, for the Service of the Chappel. Three other of the faid Clcrksare chofen to be Organills, to whom arc joyned upon Sundays, Collar-days, and ocher Holy- days, a Conforc of the King’s Mufick, to make the Chappel Mufick more full and conipleat. There Eljc ^jcfCHt ^tate Part II.' There are moreover four Officers calletl Virgers, from the Silver Rods carried in cheir hands, being a Sergeant, two Tcotiieii, and a Crosm of tlie CliappcI- In die Kinjr’s Chappel thrice every day Prayers are Read, and God’s Service and Worfliip performed with great Decency, O.dcr, and Devotion, and (liould be a Pattern to all other Churches and Ciiappelsof England. The King hath alfo his private Oratory, where fomcof his Chaplains in Ordinary are to read Divine Service to the King on Working Da\s every Morning and every Evening. The Lvd High Almmer is he wiio liilpofeth of the King’s Alms, and for that tile receives (bclidcs other Moneys allowed by the Kini;) all Deodands, brl'.a Eelonm deft to be chat way difpofed- Moreover, the Urd Almmer hath the Privilege to give the King’s Dilh to whatfoever Poor Man he pleafes,chatis, the firft Dihi at Dinner which is fee upon rhe King’s Table, or inl’iead tlicrcof i per diem, [wliich anciently was equivalent to 4 r. now) next he diflribiitcs to twenty font Poor Hen, nominated by rlie Parilliioiicrs of th.e PariOi adjacent to the King’s place of rcfideiice, to each of them ,1 d. in Money, a Twn-pcnny Loaf, ami a Gallon of Peer, or, innead thereof, g .1 in "Money, equally to he divided among them every Morning at Seven of the Clock at the Couic Gate-, and every Poor Man before he receives the Ahin, is to repeat die Creed am! the Loid’s Prayi r in the preicnee of one of die King’s Chaplains, deputed hy the I/rd Ah,:vier to be iin S.,b-.4!iMmr, who alfo is to fcactcr new Coined Two-peiices in the Towns and Places where e many poor Peiihoiiers ■ wives and Children in their f thefe hath a Competency duly ■, there arc diflrihiued aniongft riiirs which the King gives on Codar-days. Pjrt II. of ENGLAND. 11 Gcrcmonp on ^aunop^SCbiirfDap. Moreover, t!ic Court is an eminent Pattern of Ciiarity and Humility to all that fliall fee the performance of that ancient Curtom hy the King and the Queen, on the Thmf- daj before called Mimndy-Thurfdajf, fo called from the Fi rnc/j Mmde, in Latin Spatula, when the King, or his L«d /itmotur firft waflicth the Feet of as many poor men as arc the years bis Maiefty hath Reigned, and then wipes them with a Towel, (according to the Pattern of our Saviour) and then gives to every one of them two Yards and a half of Woollen Cloth to make a Sute of Cloths, and Linen Cloth tor two Shirts, and a pair of Stockings, and a pair of Shooes, three Difhes of Fifh in Wooden Platters, one of Salt Salmon, a fecond of Green Filh, or Cod, a third of Pickle-Herrings, Red-Herrings, and Red- Sprats, a Gallon of Beer, a Quart Bottle of Wine, and Six Penny Loaves of Bread j alfo a Red Leather Purfc, and as many fingle Pence as the King is years Old, and in fuch another Purfe as many Shillings as the King hath Reigned Years. Ihc Queen-Confort alfo doth the like to divers poor Women. In prar.ee, the Aitmefnier is Principal of all Ecclefiafticks of tlic Court, and all Officers of the King’s ChappcI; hercccivcth tlicir Oaths of Allegiance, and himfelf fwcars only to the Ring for that Office ; he hath the difpofiti- on of all Hofpitals, the charge for delivering Prifoners, pardoncil by the King at his coming to the Crown, or at i.is Coronation, or firft entrance into any of his Cities. Under the Lord High Almoner, there is a Sub-Altnoncr, two Tcomen, and two Grooms of the Almonry. Eefides all thefe, the King hath a Clerk of the Clofet, or CoiifclTor to his Majcfty, who is commonly fome Re- vetend, Bifcrcet Divine, extraordinarily efteemed by his Majcfty, whofe Office is to attend at the King’s Right Hand duting Divine Service, to refolvc all Doubts con- ctrning Spiritual Hatters, to wait on his Majcfty in his private Oratory or Clofet, Cljiipiainfi.] 212 %\}t gjfICttt &( 8 te Pjrt II, CljaplaitljS.'J The King hath alfo 48 Chaplains in Ot- dinary, who are ufually eminent Doftors in Divinity, whereof four every Month wait at Court to preach in the Chappcl on Smda)s, and other FcHivals before the King, and in the Morning early on Smdujs before the Houdiold, to read Divine Service before the King, out of Chappel cjiily (as aforementioned,) twice in the King’s private Oratory, to give Thanks at the Table in the CIcrK of the Clofet’s abfence, i^c. In the time of Tenf, according to ancient laudable Cu- Horn, the Divine Service and Preaching is performed in a more foleinn manner. ilfn^&EnnonB.] Anciently in Court there were Sermons in Lent only,and that in the Afternoon,in the open Air, and then only by Bifhops, Deans, and principal Pre¬ bendaries. The Lent Preachers are appointed by the Archbifliop of CMtetbnrf : On the firft Wednefday, called A0:-Wednejditf, in the Morning, begins the Dean of the Chnf'pel to Preach, on each Wednefd’^y after one of his Ma- jefties more eloquent Chnflmns, every h'nday die Dean of (ome Cathedral or Collegiate Cliurch: On the laft Frida;, called Gojd-Friday, is always to Preach the Dean of IVeft- rninjler-, on every Sanday in Lent fonie Bifhop Prcachcth, and on the lad Sunday of Lent, called Palm-Sunday, is to Preach an Archt/ijhp, and upon Eajhr day, the Ltrd Hiih Almoner. €ol!arr=iDapff.] Twelve Days in the Year, being high and principal Kellivals, his Majcfly after Divine Service, attended with his piincipal Nobility, adorned with their Collars of the Garter, together with Ibmc of the Heralds, in their Rich Costs, in a grave foleinn manner at the Altar, Offers a fuinm of Gold to God, in fiyyium fpeciatis Donii- mi, that by his Grace he is King, and holdeth all of him. All Oiferings made at the Holy Altar by the King and Oucen, did anciently belong to the difpofal of the Arch- lidiop of Clintcrburt, if his Grace were prelenr, wherefo- evrr the Court was; hut now to the Dean of the Chappcl, to be didiibuted amongd the Poor. Thofe twelve d.iys arc, Chriflmai, Eajler, Whitfunday, and Ad-Saint.!, called Houfliold-days, upon which the Bi/mt or Gold to be offered, is delivered to the King by the Lord Part II. of ENGLAND. 2,13 Urd Sicmrd, or fomc otlier of tlie principal Officers: tlien Niwyms-day, Trcelfth-da), upon the latter of whichi Giiid, FrM(;encenfe, and Mj:rr/)e, in fcvcral Purfes, are offer¬ ed by the King. Laftly, Candlemas, Annunciation, Af'.enfi- on, Tfinitj-Sunday, St John Baptijl, and ilichaelmas da^. when only Gold is offered. Upon Chriftmas, Eafler, an'd Whitfunda)', hisMajclfyufually receives the Holy Sacrament, none but two or three of the principal Bifhops, and forae of the Royal Family communicating with him. The Gold offered by the King at the Ahar when he re¬ ceives the Sacrament, and upon high Feffivals, is ffill called the Bi^antine, which anciently was a piece of Gold, coined by the Kmperors of Conjiantinopk, in Latin Bit^an- tim. That which was ufed by King James the Fitll,was a piece of Gold, having on the one fide the Pourtraift of the King kneeling before an Altar, with Four Crowns be¬ fore him, and with tin’s Motto circumferibed, Qtcid tetri- hum Domino pro omnibus qua tribuit inihi ? and on the other fide was a Lamb lying by a Lyon, with this Motto, Cor con- nitum ir humiliatum non dcfpicict Deus. Btlongittg to the Cbafpel Royal at White-Hall, are, T H E Dean Henr) Lord Bifhop of London. Board-wages ICO /. per Annum. The Lord Almoner, William Lord Bifhop of Litchjield and Coventry, Clerk of the Clofet to the King, Dr. Thomas Burnet, Mailer of the Charter-Imfe. His Salary 61. i8 r. Clerk of the Clofet to the C^ueen, Dr. William Stanley, Arch-deacon oi London. His Salary 61. ijx. 4^. Sub-Dean, lAr. Battle. His Salary 73/. Sub-Almoner, Vc. Jonathan Blagrave. 61- 18s. Sub-Clerk of the Clofet to tlie King, Dean Wicliart, ^ Sub-Clerk of the Clofet to the Queen, Dr. fferne. The 114 snije^jcfcut ^tate Partii. He Forty Eight Chaplains in OnJinaiy Waiting in their Months. March. Dr. S'mitlt. Mr. \Me. April. Dr. Mills. Mr. Tenmg. Dr. Dmiftar. Dr. fiomcl>. M.iy. Dr. MirttagKi. Dr. Aldtiche. Dr. Salt. Dr. H'aie. Dr. Fiilley. Dr. Sberkek, Dr. Lir.jcrd. Dr. /{ar,e. July. Dr. H.ijcard. Dr. Fain. Mr. Hcsl;eth. Dr. litlbct. Dr. \m.w,s. Dr. ishrmyc. Dr. Kejhit). Mr. Gee. Chanibcr-kccpcr to the September. Dr. Cradoeb- Dr. Mmningbm, Dr. Edwards. Mr. Staino. Oaober. Dr. Dove. Dr. Hickman. Mr. TiiBy. Dr. Cumber. November, Dr. J.tne. Dr. Lilileton. Dr, Menard. December. Dr. Felling. Dr. Fn'eman. Dr. H'kk^irt. Dr. Ro)je. January. Dr. Lamb. Dr. Hmper. Mr. iVigan. Dr. Birch. February. Dr. Fielding. Mr. BMmt. Mr. Fleetwood. Mr. li'bitpcid. hapiains, Mr, William Cook: (ienilt. Part II. ofENGLAND. 215 Gcntkwm of the CHAP P EL Tlic Organifls Three. 1. Dr. inHiam Child. His Salary lool. fer Annum. 2. Dr. Jnhn Blow, Mafter of the Ten Children, for each of whieli he receives 14/. let Annum. Salary lool. 3. Dr. Henry Purjel. The reft of the Gentlemen of the Chappcl, being Twenty, arc as follotvcth ; Jdm Snyer: 1 James Hart. Eiwatd Braddock, Clerk of Andrew Trcbecl;. the Cliccquc. I Stcfhen Crifiian. J.tmes Cobb. I John Gojlin. Patkanael WatIJns. | Morgan Harris. Henry Proft. | Leonard Woodfin. John Gsodgraom 1 Jo/ias Boucher. (ieirge Betienham. j Nathanael Pefiinent. Elaije iVhiie .' 1 Samuel Bentham. Thomas Richardfon. | Alofes Snow, mam Turner. j Their Salary 74 /. each per Annum. The Org.inift and the Sub-Dean the fame. They are great Mafters alfo in the Science of Mufick, and moft cxquifite performers. Clofcr-kccper, Mr. Gilbert Thornbiirih, Salary 5 1, Board- wages 49/. 15 r. Sergeant of tltc Yeftry, Mr. Henry Parlor. Salary 6i. 16s. 10;. Board wages 661. jr. 1 [-• Yeoman, Mr. Atarmaduke Alford. Salary 5 /. Board- wages 49/. lyr. Clpfet-kcepcr for Wages and Bills, in 311,97/. 10 r. per Ann. Serjeant of the Yeftry, Mr. Parlier. 73/. per Ann. I’aid liim for Books, Surplicer, ifyyc. 1 201. per Ann. P 4 Yeoman 216 jSClje pKfcnt State Part II. Yeoman of the Veftry, Mr. AlforJ. 34 /. 15 s. per Ann, Groom of the Vtfiry, Mr. George Wi/ner. 45/, 12s 6d' Bell Kinger, IVillram Stimpfin. i^l- /pr. Board-wa¬ ges ijt. 4t. td. Mitthetv Shell;, Organ-Blower. Board-wages sol. At lbs 'B.oyd Cbappcl of St. J.imcs’a , there is ajjipsed Si.x Vreaclurs, who in their feveral courfes Wait Two Months tigither, as fellows: y'ebr j Fenton. ] Dr-- Bedford. fl!if I Mob. \ ‘jme Tia, j ^Dt. Laris Atlcrkr;. There are likcwife Two ReadingChaplains, whofeduty ft is to read Prayers twice a day in their refpeftive Wait- in’”, on .Y/inrf.yr more paiticul.irly ai Eight of the Clock in the Morning, when the Sacrament is always adminirtred throughout the whole Year j and after it at Ten of the Clock. Mr. fohn Pullen, 1 t i t / < e i Mr Tnom.v, Hnfir y r.ach It /- per /to/w; Salary. Mr. Kkholat l•iips, Clnfer-ktepcr, 30 /. per Ann. Mr, John Rich,udjm, Cliaprcr-k;.'t|)cr, 40 /. per .mm. Salary. Bell-Singcr. 0 / the C.z’il Government of the Kings Court. ['ilcic S-lrlvuVO Of tl;r Eingt? Pciifi;clti.] F ' 0 R the CKil Govamnei.t of the KingT Cour-, the chief Officer is Lord Sicr.nd, called dl'o i.i the time of Jlenr; the Eighth, 7he On-- M.if.er of the Kinfs Unuflio’d, after the i-Venc/j Mode; hu: pritm .tfar/^, and ever liftce, call-;tl, The L.oul Sten aed f lec Uirfs Hajhdd. The Part 11 . of ENGLAND. 117 The State of the King’s Houfe is committed to him, to be ruled and guided by his difcrecion, and all his Com¬ mands in Court to be obeyed and obfervcd. And as his Power is great, fo is his Dignity, State and Honour. The Steward and Treafurer within the King’s Houfe, faith an old Manufcript, Reprefent the State of an Earl. He hath Authority over all Officers and Servants of the King’s Houfe, except thofe of his Majefties Chappel, Cham¬ ber, and Stable, ire. •He, by his Office, without any Commiflion, judgeth of all Difeords, as Treafini, Murthers, Felmies, Bloodflieds, committed in the Court, or within the Verge, which is every way within twelve Miles of the chief Tunnel of the Court, (only London by Charter is exempted) for the Law having an high efteem of the Dignity of the King’s fctlcd Ma’ificn i-'ouje, laid out fuel) a Plot of Ground about bis Houfe, (as a dlaut Pas, or Foot carper, fpread about the King’s Chair of State, that ought to be more cleared and void than ocher places) to be fubjeS to a fpeciaf ex¬ empted ]urifdifiion depending on the King’s Perfon, and Great Officers, that fo where the King comes, there (hould come with him Peace and Order, and an awefulnefs and reverence in rhens hearts: bcfides, it would have been a kind of cclipfmg of the King’s Honour, that where the King was, any Juftice fhould be fought, but immediately from the King's own Officers;) and therefore from very ancient c tries, the JuriGliffion of the Verge hath been ex¬ ecuted by the Lord Steward, with great ceremony, in the nature of a Peculiar Kbgs-Bencb, and that not only with¬ in, but without the King’s Dominions: For fo it is re¬ corded, That one Enrieam of Regent in France, for Heal¬ ing Silver Difhes out of the Houle of Edward the Firft, King of England, then at Paris, (after the matter had been debated in the Council of the Ring of France, touching the Jutifdidiion; .ind ordered, That the King of England lliouid enjoy this Kingly Prerogative of his Houfliold) was rondemned by Sir Robert Vitx:John, then Steward to the Kina of England, and hanged in St. Germane-Fields. ■ .te, riwr CO the Lord Steward belongs at the begin- v f P 1' ments to attend the King’s Perfon, and to ers of the Houfe of Commons, and at the end of Parliaments to adjuft the Parliamentary Es- pences, (^rc- The Lord Steward is a irbite-Staff-Officer, for he in tlie King’s Prefence carricth a White Staff, and at other times going abroad, it is carried by a Kootman bare-headed, 'J'liis White Staff is taken for a Commiffion : at the death of the King, over the Hcarfe made for the King’s Body, he breaketh this Staff, and thereby difehargeth all the Officers. « This eminent Employment is now enjoyed by the Earl of Devoafliire. jlLo^D £l) 3 mbErIain.] The next officer is the b.ri Chamberlain, who hath the overfight of all Officers be- longing to the King’s Clumber, except the Precinft of the ■ King’s Bed-Chamber, which is wholly under the Groom of the Stole ; and ail above Stairs, who are all fworn by him (or his Warrant to the Gentlcmen-uniers) to the King. He hath alfo the overfight of the Officers of the Ward-robe, at all his Majeffies Houfej, and of the removing Ward-rcbes, or of Beds, of the Tents, Revels, Mnficli, Ct- medians. Hunting, and of the MeJJengers, of the Trumfctitt, Drummers, of all Handicrafts, and Artifans retained in the King’s Service Moreover, he hath the overfight of the Sergeants at Arms, of all l'h)ficians, Aprahecaries, cbirurgeons. Barbers, %c. To him al o bclongeth the overfight of the Chaplam, though himfclf be a Lay-man ; contrary in this particubr to the ancient Cufiom of England, and Modern Cuftom of all other Kingdoms, where Ecclcfiafticks arc never under thc_ ordering of Lay-men. Alfo of the Charges of Coronations, Marriages, Untrtes, Cavalcades, funerals, Stc. Of all l-'iirnitiire in the Parlii- menr, and in the Rooms of AddrcU'es to the King, tfre. This Office is now in the Hanils of the Earl of Dorfet. Mod of the above-namtd Offices and Places arc in the Gift and Difpofal of the Lord chamberlain. jpaffer of tl)& ] The third Great Officer of the King’s Court, is the M.ijier of the Harfe, anciently called Comes Stabuli, or Conftable, to whom a higher Imploy- ment and Power was then given. This pjrtll. of ENGLAND. 219 This Great Officer hath now the ordering and difpofal of all the King’s Stables, and Races, or breed of Horfes, and had heretofore of all the Ports of England. He hath alfo the Power of Efcmies and Pages ; over the Footmen, 6 rms, Eiders of the Great Horfes, Farriers, Smiths, Coach- mn, Sadlers, and all ocher Trades working to the King’s Stables; to all whom he for by his Warrant the Awner) givctli an Oath to be true and faithful. He hath the charge of all Lands and Revenues, appoint- I ed for the Kit.g’s breed of Horfes, and for charge of the I Stable, and for Liners, Coaches, Siimpter-Hjrfes, &c. He only hath the Privilege to nuke life of any Horfes, ?3ges, lloot-men, belonging to the King’s ^cables. Ac any folcnio Cavalcade, he rides next behind the King, and leads a Leer Horfe of State. This Great Office is conferred by the prefent King ffdliam npon his Kinfman Der Jlecr Oveifirf_of the Houfe olNaffan. The Accounts of the Stables for Horfe-meat, Livery, Wages, and Board-wages, arc brought by the Avener, be¬ ing chief Clerk of the Avery, to be parted and allowed by the Board of preen-Cloth. Under thefe three Principal Officers of his Majefties Hmilhold, are almort all the other Officers and Servants. Pirll, under the Lord Steward, in the Compting-Hoiife, arc the Ti'eafnrer of the Honfiold. | Two Yeomen. Comntler. j The Cofferers Clert(S,oz ClerJ{S Cofferer. 1 of the Affignment. Miller f the Hotijhold. I Two Glooms. Tiio i lerfs of the Green-Chth. Two Meffengers. Thj clei^s Comptioilers. j It is called the Compting-Houfe, becaufe the Accompts for all (xpenccs of the King’s Hourtiold are there taken d.tilv by the Lord Steward, tlic Treafurer, Comptroller, the Coff.rct, rhe .Ig/Kt of the Houfhold, the two CArfr of the Si em doth, and the two Clerks Comptrollers, who alfo there make Provifion for tlic Houfhold, according to the Liw of cite Land, and make Payments and Orders for the well governing of the Servants of the Hourtiold. In J20 2C!)C ^tate Rirtir. In tlie Compthg-Miufc is the Green-Cloth, which is a Court of Juftice continually fitting in the King’s Hoofe, compofed of the Perfons laft mentioned; whereof the three firft are ufually of the King’s Privy Council. To this Court, being the firft, and moft ancient Court of Eng. land, is committed the charge and overfighc of the King’s Court-Royal, for matters of juilice and Government, svith Authority for maintaining the Peace, within tsvcive Miles difiance wherefoever the Court fiiall be, and within the King’s Houfe , the power of correfling all the Servants therein, that (hall any way offend. It is called the Guen Cloth, of a Green Cloth, where they fit, over whom arc the Arms of the Compting-Houfe, hearing Vert, a Ker, Or, and i Staff Argent Saultkr, fignitying their Power to Reward and Correft, as Perfons for their great Wifdom and Experience, thought fit by his Majefiy, toe.'t- ercife both thefe Funflions in bis Royal Houfe. SCreaflirfr of tlje J^oufe.] The Treafuret of the King’s Houfe in abfcnce of the Lord Steward, hath power with the Comptroller, and other Officers of the Board of Green-Cloth, together with the Steward of the Mar- ffalfea, to hear and determine Treafons, Felonies, and other Crimes, committed within the King’s Palace, and that by Verdift of the King’s Houfiiold, Among the Houfiiold Servants within the Chec\.Roll, if any b found guilty of Felony, no benefit of Clergy is to be allow d him. Anciently this Court might have held Pleas of Freehold alfo Coinpfrollir.] The comptroller's Office, is to control the Am orap.s and Reckoning of the Green-Cloth. Cofferer.] The cofferer is alfo a Principal Officer, hath a fpecial Charge and overfighc of other Officers of the Houfe, for their gootl Demeanor, Enterrainmenr, and Carriage in their Offices, and is to pay the Wages of the King’s Servants, above and below Stairs; anti for Provifi- ons, by the direflion and allowance of the Green-Cloth. fpalffr Of tl)C ipouffioltl.] The next is the Mafier of me Houfiiold, whofc Office is to furvey the Accounts of the Houfe. All Bills of Comptrolment, Varcels and Brievementt, are allotted and allowed by the Clerks Comptrollers, and fum¬ ed iip by the Clerks of the Green-Cloth. The part 11. of ENGLAND. 121 The Cofferer, Mafler of the Houfliold, the Two Clerks of the Green Cloth,zaA Two Clerks Comptrollers, fit in Judg¬ ment with the Lord Steward, Treafurer, and Comptroller in the Court of Verge. A Lift of His Majejlfs HoiijlM Officers , and Servants, attending in the feverai Offices belt,tv Stairs, umltr the Command of William Earl of Devonfliiie, Lord Steward ; together with then KeffeLlive Salaries and Board-wages. 53oart) of (S^fcmCtotl). W illiam t-arlof V:von-f /hire, Lord Steward Vic of their MajeflitsHoulhold) Francis lord Vifcou. Newport, r Treafurer and Cofferer of>a: theHoudiold-J nomas Wharton, Efq; Comp-^^^ Vmas Felton, Efq; Mader of 1 the Houdiold-3 ° Sir U'iltiam Farefter, Kni!;hr,1 Clerk of the Grccn Cloih—J Sir Jamer/•Offer, Knt. Clerk' of the Grccn Cloth-3 Ckntes llpch_, Efq; Clerk\ Compitoller--—" S Clerk Comptroller-- J" 3!cromptii!grl70Uff. Pith) Gainhar,:, Yeoman-- Ciwiles More^an, Yeoman- Oiloert Tbitiibiiigh, Groom- Join Shaw, Groom- John Pike , Clerk- Lewder Siic-maker, Clerk- Hemp Sanpjm, MelTenger-- Wages. Board-wages. 1092 02 06 1092 02 06 439 06 08 435 I? 04 455 13 °4 455 J3 =4 '453 13*04 05 c 02 13 04 02 13 04 02 13 04 C2 13 04 C2 13 04 73 122 JElje f jefcnt ^tate Per IV/rger, J3ahe-iiouff. Robert Mwmng, Efq; Clerk— o6 15 04 Henry Nar>h! and Albert 7 q, i’wn'fsr Yepmen. each-J 5 o Edveard Ball, Groom- 01 13 04 William IValm, Groom-01 13 04 Pantr)’. Richard Walbcr, Genr.-n c8 ci -l George Breivjier, Yeoman, 1 Moutli to the Queen-3 5 °o 00 William Lhgen, Groom—-2 13 04 Thomas Whitmore, Groom - 2 13 04 Charles JiiJlici, Groom'.- 2 13 04 Gcllar. William Perhins, Elqt, Set jam n c8 oji Richard Dalton, Genr_—11 ^3 o 1 James Frontine , Yeoman,) Mouth and Keeper r 5 00 00 of Ice and Snow- ^ Richard Jones, Yeoman-- 5 00 co Francis Clarl;_,Yconun -5 00 co James Hymans, Yeoman,Kicldl . to the King- / ^ PW/ip Lemmon, Yeoman, Field ; , to the Queen--J ’ Charles Walts, Groom-1 13 04 Peter Bcthnne, Gent.-11 08 01 ^ David Lloyd, Yeoman-5 00 oc> Henry Cocki'eidge, Groom—— 2 13 04 John Murray, Groom- 2 13 04 Thomas Jones, Groom--2 13 oj. ^pirrry. jefeph Sumners, lilcp ! |, ,ync I George Bond, Elq; (’ Clerks 3 Cljar.oierp. ^rtmer Fernon, Efq; Arjeanr-ii c 3 01.'- Riehard Toxins, Yiomau—. - 5 co 00 of ENGLAND. 22; Per Anmim, 'ages. Biard-mages, Un m’ms, Yeoman-- mud Tull, Groom- Timas Pave) , Groom-- ?ck miirn , Groom- Confmionarp. ],lm Dmmin, Yeoman- Titer Verawes, Yeoman-- Richard Thurman, Groom- hmge Cwir/wfe, Groom-- Stej.imin Pordage, Gent.- Jcfiat Foidier, Yeoman-- Pftcr Berry, Groom- Ihm-d Reddifli, Groom- Ctrral} Rouycl, Groom-— laimnjcfe- Tik Fetter, Laundrefs of the ! a ' Tableand Houdiold Linncnj’* Ling’s: iD?i«tclitu- , James Clarlm^q-, firft Clerk—‘I'J ^ Vcimas Weih, Efq; zd. Clerk— ‘ ^ //mrv tonTOrtn, Efq-, 5l;ins, Efq; Serjeant— 11 08 148 11 10' Jafper Lifney, Yeoman-' 5 00 oo‘ 45 00 00' John VVtilden, Yeoman- 5 00 00 4’; 00 00 Nicholas Homard, Groom-2 13 04 37 oi o 5 Robert Bray, Groom—--2 13 04 37 od 08 John Campion, Groom- 2 13 04 37 od 08 airatctv. yamer H3//ey, Efq; Serjeant-—.t; 08 01'- 48 Henry Galcoigne, Efq;Joynt ( John Jackfon, El'q; / Clerks / ^ >3 J '.3 Hugh Mayo, Yeoman of the ( 06 08 Salt Stores-/ 5 John Thompfon, Efq;' Clerk- t 5 13 04 73 o£ o 5 Efmy Claris, Yeoman-- 45 00 CO Anthony Scarlet, Groom- 1 13 04 37 60 80 David Davies, Groom-^— ^calDing4)oufr- 2 13 C4 37 06 c 3 James Goodwin, Yeoman- ; OO 00 4; 00 00 John Cranwell, Yeoman- ■ 00 00 4; 00 00 John Thornburgh, Groom-: 13 04 37 06 oS Henry Tori’, Groom--; 13 04 37 c6 08 Part n. ef ENGLAND. ?.2j Per Annum. IVuget. Bmd-wngei. ^affrp- Jhnt) Dure/, Efq; Clerk- 6 13 04 '73 06 o3 PuirkliLamb, Yeoman-5 00 00 45 00 00 Snmuel Bnm, Yeoman-5 00 00 43 00 00 tVMvn Mirriiy, Groom ——“ 2 13 04 S7 06 08 plnmns Suiter, Groorn - 2, 13 04 37 oS ]mes Shefherd, Cliild-2 co 00 33 co 00 Ptbcrt Brand, Sail’ary-man- 30 00 00 Un Heard, Furncr-^ 30 00 00 ^ciillrr}’. Rwert Manlty'Efq-, Clerk- c6 13 04 73 06 08 ■{inmas H.'irdiman,'{eomm - 50000 45 0000 frimcis Fornjier, Yeoman-5 co co 45 co co James Tooth, Groom-- a 13 04 37 06 c8 Samuel Farley, Groom-2 13 04 37 06 c8 Tomas Robinfin, Page-- 2 00 00 33 00 oo Jik Alfop, Page-2 00 co 33 co co James Rodd, Child-2 co 00 33 00 00 J Juab Nightingale, ChWd - 20000 33 coco rbmas Fox, Child- 2 co 00 33 00 00 Two Pan-keepers-—- 60 00 00 Olonh^garD. Mtlrbeyn I'erbinSjEiqi Clerk-6 13 04 7306 c8 Edward Sifliam, Yeoman-5 00 co 45 00 co Jafpar Englilh, Groom-1 '3 “4 31 Leonard f/anncli. Groom-2 13 04 37 06 Iharbingrrs'. MihcwlVhitpeld, Gcrir. mrT^jI og oi'. 48 11 10;. WidiamTozier, thelikc-ii 08 oii q8 ir loj KUham iV.iil, Yeoman-5 00 00 45 co 00 Hugh Jones, Yeoman- 5 00 co 45 00 co Peter Laroach, Yeoman—--5 co co 45 co co James Tye, Yeoman- 5 co on 45 00 00 lii//i.im Yeoman—^— 5 00 00 45 co co ^21iniO!ii:i’P. Ihiims Norris, Yeomjn-.*™^—- 5 00 co 45 00 00 Richard Bennet, Groom -- 2 13 04 37 06 08 E\)t at tijc ©ate, Mdiael /^nifrtEfqi Serjeant-** °° Richard Miller, Yeoman- 5 00 Charles Seager, Yeoman-5 00 Mrm Kinton, Yeoman-- 5 00 John Gibbons, Groom-2 13 James Lmet, Groom——— 2 13 AlahalaleelWyndham, Groom— 2 13 Cartaberst. Harold Mitter, Yeoman.^-5 00 Charles Scoresby, Yeoman-5 00 John Zevenhoien, Yeoman-5 00 Edward Kilmajne, Groom— i 13 Ralph Blachwelt, Groom- z 00 John Vierman. Groom- 2 00 aCail^Cartafefrflf. Henry Gafcoin - Roger Garnham - Andrew Bray - Vaniel Ferrer - — ^DfficErjff Of tljE l|all- Charles Parjons, Marfhal-13 co c William Everal, Daily Waiter— 2 13 John Kemp, Daily Waiter-2 13 Thomas Moody, Daily Waiter— 2 00 ido^tcrat ^t. James’s. Henry Rainsford, Yeoman-—— 5 00 ^arfiialfea Edward Lord Vifcount Villiers,\ Knight-Marjlial -J" John Lejler, Marlhal’s Man- WiUtam Booth, the like- Tmphilus Bujlard, the like- Samuel Birt, the like-^ William Gwatlyn, the like- Matthew Wraight, the like—•—■ CccEt anD Cirpir. iniliam Sawpjon- . . Part II. of ENGLAND. 127 Per Anmm. Wales. Beard-Waies, WitX%t. John Hardefty, Clerk- 6 13 °4 23 06 08 Robert White, Coroner-- 6 ij 04 23 06 o 3 C 3 ^oon)#urbfj>o^s of tlje Hong^darw. Four-10 13 04 cadi. B^Eaa^Kfartrfi. Two-i----4 CO 00 26 00 cO ■ ’ ^Surbew^of- Poulterers,' John Wyber, Richard Wagden. Purveyor olSea-Fidi, francisTncltwell. Purveyor of Frtfii water-Fifh, Snmnel Walton. Linen-Draper, Mattherp Cooper. Wine-Merchant, Wiliam Perkjns. Grocer, Peter La Vigne. Brewer, John England. —At Hampton-Ctmrt, John Grant. Purveyor of Butchers Meat, Jo. Heard. Purveyor of Oyfters, Anne Bridges. I Purveyor of Bacon, John Hillage. I Eraficr, John Smith. Ironmonger, James Ceilings. Pewterer, WilliamTempleman. Tallow-chandler, John Hajlings, l^ote , That the Clerks of the particular OfSces fuccee.i '0 the Acatary, and from thence to the Kitchin, Spiceiy, ot Avery as Vacancies liappcn, and thence to the Board of Green Cloth, in their feveral degrees from the youngeft Clerli Comptroller, &c. to the Cofjerer, and not farther. Hote alfi , Thar in each Office there is a Succeflion from one to another 5 as one of the Children may come to be a Groom, then Teomiin, thero Gentleman, then i’erjeant, as he liappi ns to out-live them ..hove him. They wait upon, and appoint the King’s, Queen’s, and Houfliold Diets every other Montlv, and wait upon Foreign Princes, when his Maiefty gives them Bncettainmcnt. The a Chief -28 JCljcPartn Chief Clerk keeps all the Recorj/r, Lcdgir-Boobyind Papin relating to tliat Office; makes up all Bills, Parcels, and Dcben iircs forSalaiieE, 25 rc-antl I’roviflonsandNcceffaries, iliiiing from the Orliccs of the Pantry, Buttery, and Cellar; iiteps account of, and makes up the remains with fevcral other Duties, which oblige him to conflant Waiting. Tix Second C'krk waits upon the Diet, asahovefaid, and attends tlie King and Queen in tiicir Progrefics,whcn appoin¬ ted bv rlic Cj.ten-Cbth. This Second Clerk waits on all Fo- rcign'Ambafudots and Strangers when the King gives them llntcrrammcnr. Tlicir ■ vifflies, out of their great Bounty and Clemency, allow Board-wages to fuch old Servants as ferved King Ch.idcs the l-irff, and King clmrlts the Second; In the K'ucocn 7. Lariicr g- I’oiiltry t. IMI i. Pafiry i.a- mounting in all to 4^5 f- 3 r. per Anmim ; and to Houlhold Servants that lerved King Charles the Second, and who are now admit: ;d as Supernumerary ; vi^. in the h-.je i. Cellar Ear) i. Scullery Kitchen, Poultry 1. V.-llryz. PitchLr-lmfe 1. Wood-yarA i. Harbinger 1. Lam- nVo' 2. n-dl 9. amounting in all to 543 /. per anm::ti. A Li/d of their jVajefeics Officers anil Ser- •vants in Ordhiarj ahove-jtairs. 1 Ord chamberlain, the Pxighc Honourable Charles Eatl oPDorfet andmiddlefex-, whofe Salary is 10,0 1. mud- Vicc-Chamik’rlain, Sir John Lomiher of Lowthcr, Bar. tjhofe Salary is 661. 13 r. 4 d. Board-Wages 492 /, 15 r. Cup-Bearers, ?\v John yetr.ii lit.' I James Comytin | JamesTyrrilECqs, Their Salaries 33 I 6s,Bd. each per annum. Carvers. iCiIli.:mCh.iinpeinesEfq:, I Jofepb RclJingtonP.i'qi (.lenient SaurJets Efq; I Their Salaries U2I.6 s.Sd. ach per annum- Sewrrs. Part II. Of ENGLAND. 2x9 Sewers. HichiirdSmhhZtij, I Georie Mirl) ^Cqi Rcisn Siiinlclare, Efq; 1 • Their Salaries 33 1.6 s.Z d. cacli per annum, Efquires of the Body. Sir Th. Grantham Kc. 1 Sal. 33 /. 6 s. 8 d. c.icli per William Sidtnham Efq; _f’ annum. Whofe Office is to guard tlie King’s i’erfon by Night, to fet the VVatch, and to give tlicWord, and to hcco good order ill the wliole Hoiife by nightas the Lord Ch.mbcr- Inin, and his other Officers are to do by Day. Gentlemen of the PrivyChamher. Of wlioin thefe things are worthy to be noted, 1. They are to bePerfonsof Birth and Pans. 2. They have formerly had a Salary; but of late none de¬ mands it, ferving for the Honour of the Place. 3. There Number is Pony eight, of which fwilve arc to be in waiting, and relieved every Quarter; Two of them lying every Night in the Privy-Chamber. a- There Priviledges are great in all Places. They are to attend his Majefty wherc-ever he walks or tides, furrounding him as a Guard, as well as accompany¬ ing him; ar.d no Perfon, not priviledged by his immediate waiting, ought to come near tlit King’s Perfen, cjtccpt Pri- vy-Counfcllors, without leave ; for which they are to ail- drefs to any one of the Gentlemen of the Privy-Chamber, tvho fpealis to the Lord Chmkrlain, or \'icc-Chambcil.wi, to ask the King leave for the Party ; then the Gentleman of the Privy-Chamber brings the Party to the Lord Ch.im- lirlain, who prefents him to the King. Cut in abfence of the Lord Chamberliin and Vke-Cham- hirlain, the Gentlemen of the Privy-Chamber reprefent ei¬ ther of them, and do all that belongs to them, and have place in the King’s Barge accortlingly. 5 . The 0.3 ijo Etc State Partll. 5. The Gentlemen of the Privy-Chamber execute the King’s Orders wirhtjut any written Orders > and their Per- | fons are fuffirient Warrants: For Example. In King Hm) the Eiglith’s time. Cardinal Wotljley wasar- relied for High Treafon by a Gentleman of the Privy-Cham- 1 her without any svritten Order: The Cardinal obeyed, faying, Hh Ferfon teas a fuffident Warrant, after the faid Cardinal had refufed to fubmit to the Arreft by a great Lord, and an Orderin Writing. King James the Firft fent a Privy-Counccllor with a Written Order, figiied and fcaled with the King’sownScal, alfo a Ring from the King’s Finger, commanding the Lord Chancellor to deliver the Broad-Seal of England to that No- j ble Lord to carry to the King. But the King fent a Gentleman of the Privy-Chamber i haflily to follow that Lord, forefeeing what would happen, This Gentleman coming to the Lord C/ranre/Zor, told him, He came from the King, to lyom if hU Lordfliip haddelhmi the Eroad-Seal to that Lord, on fuch Orders and Tokensas j above. The Lord c/ranceffor made Anfwer, A'a, nor ctwWfc trith Safet) obey, but would carry it himfelf to the King- The Gentleman of the Privy-Chamber then ufed thefe Words: | Mji Lord Chancellor, I command your Lordfliif, in the Kitig'i Vame, to deliver the Broad-Seal of Ertgknd unto, me, tocint] it to the l\ing. The Lord C/wnre//or asked him who he was? Hcanfive- pcd, A Gentleman of his Matejiys moll Honourable Privj- chamber. The Lord Chancellor faid, Sir, your Ferfon is a fuficim Warrant, and I obey. And his Lordihip delivered him the Broad.Seal, taking the Company to witnefs, that he had obeyed and done his Duty, fyc. 6 . Out of this Society are fometimes chofen Envoys to Foreign Princes: And Six of thefe accompany the Mate of the Ceremonies to receive all EmbafTadors from Crown¬ ed Heads. 7. Thefe Gentlemen, ferving at their own Charges, ate gratified by Marks of the King’s Favour, as opportunity offers. of ENGLAND. 231 Part II- Forty Eight Gentlemen of His Majefifs mofl Ho- miraOle FrivfChamher, in Ordinary, Viz. The Right Honourable tlie Earl of MomtaUxander. The Right Honourable the Lord Vifcounc Buitavant, •Sir IViiriam fdatrardKc. Sir Purbecli Temple Kt. Sir John Momn Bar. Sir Prmds Larvley Bar. Robert KiHigrem Kt, Sir Thomas 0?le Kt. Ryiiam Killigyew Efq; Sir iralter Plnnliet Kt. Sir Robert Barkliam Sir. Charles Nicol. Eyre Efq; Sit Robert Bacon Bar. Sir James Caldvell Bar. Sir Edaard Evelin Bar. Sir Matthetv Andrews Bar. Sir James Chamberlayn Bar. Sir Philip CooreKt. Sir IVilliamH'aller Kt. SirTho. Grantham Kt. Sirlho. Nevil Sir- The Sort.Arsimr AnneJIeyEfq, John Small Efq; Gentleman-Ufliers of ! Sir Robert Nappier Kr. Henry Cromwell Efq; Sir Francis Vincenr Kt. Sir James Clarkllr. Sir John Watton Kt. Sir Thomas Fieri Kt. Henry Killigrew Efq; Charles Killigrew Efq; Sir Charles Rawleigh Kt. Colonel Ttppin. Sir John AjlsfeldSt- Sir James Ajlry Kt. John Lemst Honywood Efq; Richard Courtney Efq; Roger Whitley Efq; Thomas Waller Efq; Sir William Langhorne Bar. Sir John Clayton Kt. John Foulke Efq; John Spicer Efq; Francis Brown Efq, Too. yyheatSfq^ Sir BenjaminTitchburn. Sir Thomas yUfeman Kc. Colonel Dbanck. the Privy-Chamber. Sir EdwardSutton Ear. I Efq; Sir John Elloways Kt. 1 Spencer Gerrard Elq; Their Salary 30 /. Board-wages 50/. each per *<""«'«• In the Prefence Chamber, Gentlemen-Uniers, Daily ^^ a- tets in Ordinary are four; whereof the confiderable Office of B/acf; Rod ; and m titne of Parhamenc h to attend every day the Lord’s' Houfe, and is alfo of Q.4 2 J3 E!j£ |)jEf£nt &tate Part II. the mod Honourable Order of the Crtr/er. In the Houle of Lords he Iiaih a Seat without the Bar •, and when the King will command the Houfe of Commons to attend him in the Houfe of Lords, he always fends the BLicI^ R^d, who is (o called from a Black Start'which he hears in his Hand. To his Curtody alfo are Delinquents committed by f he Lords; and he is employed in fitting up the Lords Houfe before the fitting of Parliament, and afterward for intro¬ ducing Lords into that Houfe. The Four Gentlemen llflicrs daily Waiters. Sir r/jowftrDH/prf Knight, Gentleman Uflier, Daily Waiter, and Black Rod. Fleamoi Sliefpard Efq; o David Mitchel Efq; r > 3 ° each per annum, Francii Aflcn Efq; J Mr. Jeremiah Chaplain, Aflirtant. Chamber-keeper, Mrs. C/.irfate Part If. One Yeoman of the Removing Wardrobe, Peter Jiume, Efq; whofe Salary is 220 1 . per Annum. Two Grooms of the Wardrobe, Jotmthm Chaife, and 7?;omr» Iii;Ar Efquires: each 130 1 . per Aiiwtm. ' Three Pages of the Wardrobe. Mr. Michtiel Bullow. v Mr. Chrijlopher Smith > Each 100 /. per Annum. Mr. liendal Hern, 3 The Salary of thtTeomnn was aoo/.of each Groom icol. and of each Page 100 Marks; To all thefe together wercal. lowed Six Diflics each Meal. All Moveables belonging to this Wardrobe arc at length divided into three Parts; wliereoE the Yeoman hath one for his own ufe, the Grooms another, and the Pages the third Part. Keeper of the Private Armory, Mmfieur Peirce Guemnde Beauliuiffsn ■, whofe Salary is 13 /. 6r. 8d. Board-wages 26 f. 13 r. 4 if. per Annum. Surveyor of the Chamber a^ti Dreffer, Mr. George Welling- ton : at 11 /, 8 r. i d per An. Houfe-keeper at White-H.tll, Mr. Robert Beddorvi Board, wages ■; s. a Day while the Court refides there. Ac Kenfington,Simon de Brienne Efq;Board-wage5 the fame. Theater-Keeper at White-Had, Mr. JobnChrrk.: Salary 30 /. per Annum- Two Gallery-Keepers, Mr. Richard Campion, Mr. Widinin Patplet ; 3 s. each per Diem. Under the Mafier of the Robes, is. Clerk of the Robes and Wardrobes, Mr. James Gibbons ■, whofe Salary is ido /. per A.:num. One Yeoman, Mr- Johnvan Baarfenburg-, Sal. 95/, Three Grooms, Mr. Benjamin Dralge, Mr. Gilbert Spencer, and Mr. Philip Frerine ; each at 77 /. d r. 8 d. per Annum. One Page, Mr. Edruard Bland-, at 1 31 . per Annum. Onc Bruflicr, Mr. P.ttric\}Villiams-, at 40/. per Annum. SmUrekfMrs.J.mJi'eland ; at 2wl. per Annum, Body Part II. of ENGLAND. 137 Body Laundrefs, Mrs. Xnne Her Sal. 20/. Board- wages 199/. fer Searcher, Mrs. Edith CoUedge ■, siico 1. per Annum. Keeper of the Wardrobe at IWire-flliff, Daniel CliildE^qs at?/.a day. Keeper of the (landing Wardrobe at Kenfingtm, Simon de Efienne Efq; at 7 s a day. Necell'ary-Woman, Joanna Veriit ; at 6c 1. per Annum. Treafurcr pf tlie Chamber, the Honourable Edward Ruf- /clEfq; His Salary 3iql. i s. ^d. Comptroller of the Chamber, Hugh Chidley Efq; Salary 150/ per Annum. Auditor of ti'.e Chamber, R. Richards L L. D. Mailer of the jtwcl-houfe, Sir Francis Larvlep,Knighii His Board'wages 400 l.per Annum. Other Ofheers, Mr. John Brideli Mr. John Gilbert, Mr. Philip Endel, Mr. Thomas Vyner. ^ilHreof Cfrcmonirff,] The office of Maftcr of the Ceremonies was Inftituted by King James the Eirfl, for the more Honourable Reception of Ambaffadors and Stran¬ gers of Qiiality, now held by Sir Charles Cotterel, junior, Knight, whole Father, Sir Charles Cotterel, executed the fame in the time of King Charles the Firft, during the Ci¬ vil,Wars ; In confideration whereof, and of his having fol¬ lowed his late Majelly’s Fortune abroad, till his happy Rc- flauration, he was plcafed, as a Mark of his Favour, and of the faid Office, to put about his Neck fthc day before his Coronation} a Chain of Gold, with a Medal under the Crown of England, having on the one fide an Emblem of Peace, with King James's Motto, Beati Facifei ; and on the other an Emblem of War, with Dieu Mon Droit ; which Mark is to continue to his SucccKors; His Salary is 2 :01. per /innum. auc f@arfi;al.] The Affidantand Mar- fii.il of '.he Cere monies IS his Officer, for the more ealie per¬ formance of the faid Services, and is to aft nothing but by his Direftions •, His Salary is too 1. per Annum. Mr. Richard la Bach, 2;8 %he |p?tfm&(atc Partli ^EralO 0 .] Amongft his Majefty’s Servants in Ordinirj are to be reckoned Three Kingjo/ Arms. Six Heralds., or Dukes of Arms. Four PHrfuivaitrs, The Three King’s of Arms, Sir Thomas St. George Knight, Garter. Sir Henry St. George Knight, Clarmcmx. Sir John Dugdale Knight, Norroy. The Six Heralds, or Dukes of Arms are thefe j 'Robert D/iwni/ZiEfq; Tork; Henry Dethicli Efq; Richmond. , Francit Bmghitl Efq; Somerfet. V Gregory King Efq. Lancajler. ' Charles Mawfon Efq; Chejler, Pierce Mandnit Efq; Windfor. Their Salaries 26/. J^s. 41. per Annum each. Herald. Tlie Four Purjukants are thefe, vig. John Gibbon Gent. Elervmanlle. LamenceCromp Gem. Portcubice. Peter Le Neve Gent. Rouge Croix. Hugh Clopton Gent. Rouge Dragon. Their Salaries 10/. each per Annum. Sergeants at Arms. John TemplerEfq-, George Latrfon Efq; Toomas Charnock Efq; Benjamw Gregg Efq; Thomas Payne Efq; Toomas Shirley Efq; E^und WtUiamfon Efq; Philip Ryly Efq; Thomas Tulfe Efq; Their Salary loo l.eaehferAnnum. See partU. of ENGL AND. See more concerning thefe in'the CoJledge of Heralds in tlie Supplement about tlie City of Lor,dm. Groom-Porter, thomas Kettle Efq; Salary 2/. 13 r.4 Board-wages 127/. 15 1. . The Office of Groom-Porter, is to fee the Kings Lodg¬ ings furnilhed with Tables, Chairs, Stools, Firing; to pro¬ vide Cards, Dice, Jjrc. to decide Difputesariling?.t Cards, Dice, Bowlings, {ire. Malier of the Revels, fle/iry His Salary to/. {aAnmm: Whole Office is to order all things concerning Comedies and Mafques at Court. His Yeoman, Mr. Harris ; 46 /. iis.Sd. KnightdlarbiDger, SimonSmithEfqi His Salary looi.per Aoom. Gentlemen-Harbingers. MelTengers in Ordinary. Mr. Gesrge Bromwich, Mr. John Loggins, Mr. Philip Maddox, Mr. Henry Legal. Mr. Tho. Smith. Mr. Tho. Beal;. Ni. Henry Evans. Mr. James Kitfm,. Mr. George Codins. Mr. Ralfh Toung. Mr. Simon Chapman. Mr. William Sharp. Mr. Samuel Cool^ Mr. FivracK Clarl^ Mr. Edrvard Gibbs. b\c, Stephen Gythini’ j-Clerksofthe Check. 240 , sttjepjcu Mr. Peter Kewljn. Mr. Wim Stittm. Mr. George Frjii Mr. John Jones. Mr. Rhbard Po}(ie, Sen; Mr. George Shipfn/e. Their Salaries 49/. m)e J3jcfent &tate Part IL l)n. I Mr. Charles Marife. ffon. Mr. Peter Marifeo. ; 1 Mr. Richard Hopkins. I Mr. Richard Po)ke, Jun. Mr. Charles Couchman. Mr. Tho. Nealyn. Salaries 49 I.ts-6 d. each per Annum. teflenger to the Frefs, Mr.Robert Stephens-, His Salary 50 1. per Annum. The Muftek. Muficians in Ordinary are divers, ivhercof Dr. Sm®«, is Mafter: His Salary is 200/. per Annum. Mr. John Banifler. I Mr. Edmund Ph-^er. Mr. William Ckjton. Mr. Henry Eacclcs. Mr. William Halt. \ Mr. George Bingham. Mr. Robert C.vr. ■ Mr. Robert Strong. Mr. Robert King. 1 Mr. Alexander de la Jure. Mr. Henry Heal. Mr. Francis Crufe. Mr. Edrs’.rrd Hooton. Mr. Kich.trd Len-is. Mr. Frederick Stepkjns. Mr. Charles Coleman. Mr. Chrijlian Stepkins. 1 Mr. Daniel Short. Mr. The.opb;his Fitg_. 1 Mr-Tljo. Clayton. Mr. John Lenton. 1 Mr. Mirgan Harris. Mr. Solomon Eacetes. I Mr- John Mrfdy, Indru- Mr. Charles Powel. \ ment-makcr, and Keeper. Their Salary each 40 /. per Annum. MiHer Falconer, Charles Duke oi St. Albans i His Salary 1500 /. per Annum. Serjeant of the Hawks, William Rujftl Efq; Sal. f}6l' per Annum. Mafter of the Hart and Euckhounds, Jamesde Gajlii- tty Eh]-, who for himftlf and Huntfmen is allowed 2341 per Annum. Lord Chief Juftice in Eyre, Lord Lovelace. Forefter, Robert Earl of Lindfer. Maficrof the Farriers, Chrijhpher Tanked Ekqy Partli. of ENGLAND. Mafterof theiEeagles, ttif. JameiWalfiinbami Keeper of Audleyend Park, Mr David Rabinfin, Ranger of St. Jamis's Park, John Earl ofBatb. Ranger of Hide Park, Edward Vifcount l^iBiert, ■ MafteroftheTenni/Coarf, Captain flew; K/Kerr. Mafterofthe Barges^ Hi.Warner-, Sal.50/. Phj/icmi in Ordinary to his Majefty’sPerfon. Dt. John Hutton. ."1 To each,SaIaryis40o/,;er Vi. Walter Harrit. J Board-wages 10/.aday. Sir Knight. > Dr. Charles Frasier. f Salary each 300 A Dr. Chrijlian Harrel. ^ PhjJlcian to the Houfhold. Dr. Thomai Goodman. Sal, 200 /. Apothecaries. Mr. John Chafe, tool. "I „ , . , Vii,AbrahamRtttermond^ool.^ Board-wages Apotliecary to the Houfhold, Mr. John Soamt. Sal. 500 1, Cbirurieons. Serjeant Chirurgeon, William vanLoenECq;, Sal. 335/. Board-wages 140 /. per Annum. David Elder, Second Chirurgeon: Sal. 300/. Board* wages 127 /, 15 s.per Annum. Thomas Gardner E(qi Chirurgeon of the Houlhold; Salary 280/. Board-wages 100per l!on’d° *’’5 Majefty’s Servants in Ordinary ararec* Principal Painter, Sir Godfrey KntSerKt. too 1. per An, One PoetLaureat, Mr. NatbanaelTate.ioo Lper An. One Hydrographer, Mr. John Seller. One Library Keeper, Henry Thynn Efqi 200 /. per An. n One _94i ..’JClje fjcfciu &tau Part .II. One Cofmographcr. •' One Geographer. O.ne Publick Notary. ■ Houfe^keepcr of the Palace a cH'e/ImwJfer, Vln.’i’hkprl Yeoman Ulher of the Houfc of Peers, Benjamin Co- Huge Efq; Wardrobe-keeper at Hampton Come, famei MeniotE(er Amih. ■ . John WiiKgr/dgf, Kettle-Drum. Williitm'Shore, ) - ' J Jofc/miliarnt. ) "piereare in all Sixteen Trumpets in Ordinary,the lad of which is in the Power of tlie Sergeant to place in whom he pleafetli, either his Servant or his Son. Each of the Sixteen Trumpets and Kettic-Dfuin have 5 r. a Day. Of the Military Government of the Kings Court. Of the Gentlemen Penjioners, A t home within the King’s Houfe it is thought fit, that the King’s Perfon (hoald have a Guard both above and below Stairs. R 4 In 348 SElje fjefcnt State Part II, In the Prefence-chamber therefore wait the Honourable Band of Gentlemen-Penfmers, firft Inftituted by King finij the Seventh, and chofen ufually, in all times fince, out Of thebeftand mod ancient Families oi England, not only for a faithful Guard to the King’s Perfon, but to beas aNutr fery to breed up hopeful Gentlemen, and fit them for Em¬ ployments both Civil and Military, as well abroad as at home, as Deputies of Ireland, Ambalfadors in Foreign Parts, Counfellors of State, Captains of the Guard, Go- vernoursof Places, and Commanders in the Wars both by Land and Sea; of all which there have been Examples, as George Lord Hmfdon, Captain of the Penfionets, at the Death of Queen Elizabeth, intimated in a Letter to King James theFirft, before he came to England. Their Office is to attend the King’s Perfon with their Pole-Axes to and from his Chappcl-Royal, and to receive him in cIk Prefence-Chamber, or coming out of his Privy- Lodgings ; as alfoat all great Solemnities, as Coronatm, St. George’s Feaji, Pnblic^ Audiences of Ambajfadors, at the King’s going to Parliament, and at their Funerals. They arc Forty in number, and each obliged to keep Three Double Horfes and a Servant, wlioislikewife to be armed, and fo are properly a Troop of Guards, and have accordingly been muflcr’d by their' own Officers i but this I aft part of Duty to which they are fwoyn, his Majefly doth difpenfe withal during his Pleafure. They have ever been commanded by a. Nobleman, or a Knight of the mod Noble Order cf the Garter, as their Captain, a Lieutenant, a Standardrbearer, and a Clerk of pf the Cheque, who are at prefent as followcth- jhe Officers and Gentlemen of the Band of lenfmers. T he Right Honourable John Lor 4 Lovelace, Captain; whofc Salary is icoo /, per /Innum. Hcmy Heringkam Efq; Lieutenant;Sal. soo /. Bouchicr Fare Efq; Standard-bearer; Sal- goo /. Rober t Manley Efq; Clerk of the Cheque; Sal. 150/. fk 149 part II. ThmM ^^ 4 ’ JhrahamClarkEtqi Gtegm il^eftcomb Efq; imer Bakef Efq; S]:GerrardFltetKoiidKnt. Vmiel Vmo” E(qi TJwmd* C/urfrfEfq; SirI’/io.ir'i>iM'"'Bar. Charles Turner Efq; William Resale} Efq; AbrahamCmterF.(c^, Amb Secl^am Efq; Charles Monk_F.{Wi Tkmm Orme Efq; JohnTidcombe Efq; Charles Norm Efq; Thi. Boteler E(qi rho.P}rkeE(qi Paul Colton Efq; Alexander Barham Efq; of ENGLAND. Edward Wroth Efq; HenrrPagetECqi Philip Reeves Eiqi , . John Grub Efq; Tho. Frecketon Efq; Hem) Bowjer Efq; Thomas M [grave Efq; Henri Lenny Efq; Henry Piirefoy Efq; Nich, Arnold Efq; Sir Charles Vmphreville Kt. William Spencer Efq; Tbo. Lloyd Efq; Sterty Knyveton Efq; Siepben A/hion Efq-, Cujribfq; John Champartie Efq; Andrews Efq, Two Vacanciei. Fee to of thefe ICO /. yearly. Their Pay-Ma(ler is William Smith Efq; George Shipway, Gentleman-Harbinger, to provide lodg¬ ing for them, and to affift the Clerk of the Cheque in bis abfence,a5 his Deputy ; his Fee 70/. yearly. All the Band and Officers arefwornby theClerkof the Cheque (except the Captain,) for which he hath a Fee of 5/. lOJ. The Band wait half at a time quarterly, hat on Chrijl- mot-day, Eajler-da), Whit [unday, All-Saints, St. George's FeaJ}, the c'oronaihn days ; and on extraordinary Occafions they are all obliged to give their Attendance under the Pe¬ nalty of the Cheque. They have the Honour likewife to carry up the King’s Dinner on the Days of his Coronation, and at S:. George's Feajl, at which times his Majefty ufually confers the Ho¬ nour ofKnighthood onTwofuch Gentlemen of the Band that the Captain doth prefent. . Their ordinary Arms arc Gilt Pole-axes- Their 250 State Partlr. Tlieir Arms'on Horfeback'-in timeof Warj .arV'CuiraiTr ers Arms with Sword and Piftols- " ' ' Their Standard born in timeof War, is, Croji Gnh in a Field Argent. . ' Of the Yeoman of the Guard. A Gain, iiuhe firft Room above Staits, called the Gml Chamber, attend tlie Teaman of the Guard of his Ahji. Jlyi Bod ); wl’.ereof there were wont! to be two liundted. and fifty Men of the heft Quality, under Gentry, and of larger Stature than ordinary , (for every one of them was to be fix Foot high.) There are at prefent one hun¬ dred Yeomen in daily waiting, and feventy more not in waiting; andasanyoneof the hundred fhali die, his place is to be fill'd up out of the Seventy. Thefe wear Scatlet Coats down to the Usee, and Scarlet Breeches, both richly guarded with black Velvet, and rich Badges upon their Coats, before and behind. Moreover, Black Velvet round broad-crowned Caps, (according to the Mode ufed in the Reign of f/enry Vllt.) with Ribbands of the King’s Colour; One half of them ot late bear in their Hands Harquebuzes, and the other half Partizans, with large Swords by thtit fides. They have Wages and Diet allowed them. Tltejt Office is to wait upon the King in his ftanding Houfes, For¬ ty by Day,and Twenty to watch by Night; about the Ci¬ ty; to wait upon the King’s Petfon abroad by Water or Land. The Officers of the Yeoman of his Majeftfs Guards, arc, Harks Z3 t\ o( Manchebler, Captain ; Sal. 10001. TiowirfrAto/Efq; Lieutenant; Sal. joo/. Robert Sayers Efq; Enfign; Sal. goo /. Charles Villiers Efq; Clerk of the Cheque; Sal. 150/. of ENGLAND. Oeorie Dawmt Efq; ^Exempts or Un Bkf. Efq; C Corporals. RkhiirdVphm(q-, > TiieirSalary ijT/. each. Yeoman of the Guard. 25 r Dmble Bmli. Jtbtt Milmrd. Robeit Stone. Thomas Bannijler. James Morgan, Thomas Mead, pkilit) IfWw. John Gojfe. Hear) Crool^J- TTiSir)' IVood Sen, Hennas Colche. Anthonf Beddingjicld, Richard Ro)Jhn. John Inge. John Warner. IVilliam Tonn. Samuel Pearce, Andrew Clearer, William Antram. Rarthobmetv Fitlman. John Lambert. Hugh Bowen, Edward Baugh. Thomas Carpenter, ^Robert Kidrrell. Thomas Thaclnnan, Philip Andrews. Richard Palmer. Thomas Patter. William Lawler. William Green. Roger Bowden, John D)'fon, George BHtltsw, ' - William Mays. Nicholas f/awlginr. Francis Shippery. John Webjier. James Wocljlon, Willtam Croft. Aiarmadulep Spicer. Anthony Brown, J.tmes Chamberlayne, Branch Bernard. Thomas Werret. George Omon. John Struclg. John }\irton. William Atley. Benjamin Clark, Thomas Collins. Elias Bayley. Benjamin Potter, George'Dawt. John Roberts. John Lane, Adam Dunkerley. Thomas Fletcher, John Sayers ', John Sherlock: Jof. Colliers. William Way. Jo. Heybourne. Henry Wood Jun, . James Stone. Robert Bridgeforth, Wil- 15a Willttm Ctok- Samuel Clark, Jo.Smy.. V/ilUam \Vhattej. John Scorer. Thomm Scot, tbomat Worth, Tbomof Pell, Richard Tarrant, WUliam Baker. Jeremy tbroaits. Francis Brome, John Webb. Ednoard Goodman, Thomas Roberts. gjeftnt ^tate Part ll. Jof.AJiley. Abraham Slorey. John HoUindon. Wtlliam Wheatley. Nathanael Gammock, William Kendrick; Tobias Cox. John Doufe. John Pulleitt. John White, David Barnham. Jo- Carpenter. Allen Wotten. Thomas Robinfon. Thomas Cooper. Chamber-Keepers. Thomas Smith. I Roger Jackfon. John Wells. I ffenryTtfon. Of the Troops of the Hou^iold: And frji of the Horfe-Guards. T H E Guards of Horfe, which the Spaniards call Guiti- dasdeaCavalloy the French, Guards du Corps', tht Germans, Liebguardy and we Life Guard: That is, tht Guards of the King’s Body do confift of Eight hund’td Horfe-men, well armed and equipped; and are for the ntoli part Reformed Officers, and young Gentlemen of very con- fiderable Families, who arc there made fit for Miliuty Commands. They are divided into Four Troops; w^. pait II. of ENGLAND. the FIRST Troop ofm Majefy's Horfe-GuarJs commanded bj the Earl of SCARBOROUGH. Captain. T he Honorable C«r^e) Cholmmdls}, >LieutcnanK ]h Staples, ■' Tlie Hon. Charles Batler,- Cmt Marten, - JinBapnes, Mknji Marian, Jehn Goddard, Tmai Chemx, il —Cornet. --Guidon. Exempts. ^ JehnWefl, T Samuel IVells, C H'illiam Barns, f James Chamberlain, J Ambrife Lecte, T Andrew Corbet, ( c Ha^h Beheathland.T Geer^e Short. ) Brigadiers.- Lieutenant- Colonels. Major. Major. -----Two. 60 Private Men. The Second Troop of his Majejifs Horfe-GmJs Commanded hy J.lmcs Duke of Ormonc), Captain. T Wj.Lord Fntrfat, 1 Lewis Billingfle), J Lieutenants A Colonel. Lieutenant- Colonels. Tsmiel Hmxe) Tlio. Smith,— ihcodoretsitgier, Thomas Pultene^, fames Butler, fames Cornaude, John lOalkadine, 1 fohnPetiey. V Eliaos^ar Burgis. \ Leonard Holmden, ■ -Guidon 11 ' Major) .III Exempts"^ o ^Captains. S Lieutenants. Adrian Fulgham, John Dentj/, Rjehard Colliiis, Sub Brigadiers. Cornets. Wei- parcll. ofENGLAND. Timm Wildgwfe.,- /mhonj 'Rufhje,— Trumpeters- ;Kettle Drummer— 196 Private Men. .—^chaplain- -Adjutant- —Chirurgeon- -Pour. ___One. ,y CommiffioD. Kkhnrd.Witrmg, 1 lieutenants. I Captains. Jordav. S _'_ Sergeants---- '^ 71 _Two. Corporals--- Drummers--- ' _^Ywo. Hautbois-' 60 Private Men. Third Troop of Hat Commanded by Richard Lord Vtfe. Cokhefter, j^i^ttonComptonj "JLieute- arMomejo OgUby, J pants; T A Colonel. „ Lieutenant- P 1 Colonels. Tkmas Butler. -Cornet. eburks Villiers - - --Guidon.. Kii'/wm MouUm, 1 Benjamin Monger, John Peachy, Captain Debellaiix, ifaiibov Whitfield, ' ^ Exempts. ) Uilthm IMms, ( lUmrSnary, ( Chinks Williams, > Brigadiers. > Raymond Hsnsberg,. 1 U'illiam Taylor, \ Brands Savage, ( ■ Sub^Brigadiers, John Wood, J g [Major, [a I Majors • il ' U ^CaptainSi •g 1 Lieutenants.' E . ■ . - 5I •S Cornets. .. 1 Kach 150 1 . per Annum. Edmrd Lloyd Efq; Gentlemen-Ulhers Quarter-Waiters. William olds ECqi 1 Simon Archer E(c]\ Thomas Paltocl;E(cp, 1 Robert BorresTSc);, Their Salaries 75 /. each per Annum. Grooms of the Privy-Chamber. nomas Herbert Etqy I Terr; Efq; John Marfli Efq; j Thomas Marfltal Efq; Their Salaries 60 t. each per Annum. S 4 Page:' Part II. ?(54 STfje &tate Pages of the Prefcncc. Mr. Bernard Cites. ") Their Salaries 40 1. each per An. Mr. Abraham Ksmp. J num. Page of the Robes. j Mr. John Kettle ; His Sal. 5c I, per Annum. Pages of the Back Stairs. Kr.John Jones. [ Mr. Hainnet Kjrl^. Kt. Peter van Leruen. tflr. Ricliard Bradlej. Mr. Daniel Piilfe. ■ | Mr. James Worthington. TheirSalarySo/. eachpcr/Jnnwn. Grooms of the Great Chamber. Mr. Randolph .‘Iparrotf. j Mr. John Wilfen. Mr, William Snow. Mr. Matthew Ctarl^ Mr. Rowland Pierce. Mr. Simon Douglas. Mr. John Hears. ( Mr. Anthony Dagky. Tlieir Salary 40 I. each per Annum. Porter of the Back-Stairs, Mr. David HartU ■, His Salary 40 /. per Annum. MaHer of the Barges, Mr. Chrijiopher Hi!!-, 7cl. Tivcmy four Warermen to be paid by theMalfer; for earliMan^y 2S-6 d. per Annum. Chamber-keeper to the Maids of Honour: Mr. John Tim¬ ber tey. Sal. til.per Annum Chamber-keeper to the Bed Chamber-Women, Mr. Ro¬ bert AJi'.ey. Chamber-keeper to the Gentlemen-Waitcis, Mr. Peter Berr). Tieaffrcr and Receiver 'General, Edward NicholasElcp, Sal. yo ; per Annul!. Ptin- pact 11. of ENGLAND. aEach 500/.Sal Bridies, Countefs of Plmuth. Ann, Countefs of Scnrhormih. J Maids of Honour. Mrs. Sfe»’. ^^atlurt Morrard. 1 Mrs. Henrietta Villiers. Mx%. l^fary Commn. Mss, Elizabeth Mhm. Mrs. AnnGranviPe. \ Mrs. Mary Berk/le}- Each 200 /. per Annum. Bed-Chamber V/omen. Mrs.i 4 nn VanGolfiein, Privy-Purfe : Her Salary i\ool- per Annum. Mrs. Mary Jeffon. I Mrs. Rachel Wyndham. Mrs. Vmihy Cajon. Mrs. Martha Lockhart. Mrs. Aines VyyJ). | Their Salary aeo /. each per Annum. Semftrtfi, Mrs- Virothy Ireland, Col. ■ Dim, ASta chcr>4o /. Laun-. rar»«- »f ENGLAND. 2 S, taundrefs, Mrs. ElKoheth imhwgton, for her fclf and '^''Neceffary Women Three, Alice Wheeler, - Wtoi, ^"NeSryWomat w^hePrfv7ch>^ Room, Ann Dneri, 30 1 . CHAP. XVII. Of the Queen Dowagers Court. Officers and ^erMnts belmging to her Afajelly the iineen Domger. E Arlof Fei'erfiam, Lord Chamberlain. ■ Efqf Vice-Chamberlain. Sir Richard Reeling, Principal Secretary. Gcntlcmen-U/hers of the Privy-Chamber. Owrg! Porter Efq; Charles KiiligreivEfqi Mr. thmus Sands. Mr. Charles Arundel. Gentlcmen-Ufliers Daily-Waiters. Si: Edward Wood. I George Slaughter ECqi Vavid Mead Efq; | Charles Rogers Efq; Grooms of the Privy-Chamber. yir.Anthon}Vane. 1 lAs. Andrew Galway. Mr. John Walthew. Mr. Zachariah Burgeiis. Mr. James Windebanh^ 1 Gentlemen-Udiers Quarter-Waiters. Mr. James Bagnel. 1 Mr. Thomas Wkitgrave. bit. John Maxreetl. j Kr. John Richards. Pages adS Snije pjcftnc &tate PartH.' Pages of the Prefencc. Kr. ffugh Smith. I Ur.HHgh Jmes. Mr. Rtbert HiSiird. J ’Mr. Danid Elmer. Phyfician, Ferdinandi Mender^. . Apothecary, Mr. Rebert Lightfint. Chirurgeon, Mr. Ifaac Amy. Pages of the Back-Stairs. Mr- Richard Stepkeai, Se¬ nior. Mr. Richard Stephens,-Jiin. Mr. Theady Kennedy. Mr. James Clarke. Mr. John Baptijia de Is Mr. Jtthn Pereira. Mr. William Marrey. Mr./oin Martin. Officers belonging to the Robes. Sir Chriftopher Mufgrave, Mafter of the Robes. William Hemingtm Efq; Sergeant of the Robes. Mr. David Rordand, Yeoman of the Robes. Mr. Tnorp Groom, Shoomaker. Grooms of the Great Chamber. Mr. James Thackham. | Mr- ^Hare. Mr. Robert White. Mr.- Povey. Mr- Jenkin. 1 Mr. John Wilfon, Porter at the Great Gate. Mr. William Jahnfon, Porter at the Bact 5 M/Vr. Mr. Thomas Apprice, Under Houfe-keeper. Mr. Charles Regers, Keeper of tlie Wardrobe. Mr. Udier, Gardiner itSomerjet-Houfe. Mr. William Sanders, Maflerof the Bows. Mr. Joel George, Mafter of the Barge, And Twenty four Watermen. Countefi pa(t II. of ENGLAND. 169 Countcfsof Arlington, Groom of the Stole, and Lady of the Robes. The Queen’s DreCers, LadyBe/Zing. I LadyTalie. Lady fracier. Mrs. WinefrealvinMam. Lady Crmmer. I Mrs. Mir/ Crane. Donna Maria de Quintana f Donna Luiza de Vaimeedos. > Portugal Ladies. Bonni Francifea del^afeonceltos. j Lady Wjch. I Mrs. Philippa Temple, Mrs. Ann/toper. Kn. HannahCar). Lady Sa/ers, Drcfler, Mn. JaneWiddrington, Lauudrefs and Starcher. 1 ' Mrs. Barbara Anna deCalvaert, Semflrefs. Mr. niam Tardley, Clerk oftlie Kitchen. Mr. Thomas Fenne, Yeoman of the Bakclioufe and Pantry. • Mr. Edward Cane, Yeoman of the Ewry. Mr. John Rufhy, Gentleman of the Buttery and Cellar. Mr. Jofeph Beaumont, Yeoman of the Confeflionary and Chandlery. Mr. Edward Smith, Mafler-Cook. Mr. Emanuel Mix, Yeoman of the Kitchen. - Goard, Child of the Kitchen. Robert Fifher, Yeoilianofthe Scullery. Mrs. Mary Leigh, Table-Laundrcfs. Dankl Weeks, Scourer. Ttvo Turn-broachci. Eccif 270 jEC^e gjtfent&rate Parb;ii, Ecclejiafiical Verfins belonging to the Queen Dowager's Chafftl- ' L ord Almoner, Cardinal Hmard of Wr/o/t Mr. Pado de AlmdaD Almoners. Mr. Emnnutl Diax,- j Confcflbr, Father Chrtjlopher de Roi^ano. Father Hudleftone, 1 chaplains. Viiher Michael Ferre]ira,S Three Portugctl Francifcitn Friirs, called AfTftbiijQit* And a Lay Brother. Mr. James Martin, j Mr. Nicholas iCenne(/y,ychappel-Boy5. Mr. H'illiam Ho!l)mm,> Mr. John Baftifta Draghy, Organift. Mr. Timothr de Faria, Mr. James Read, \ yirgers. Nix. MthonjFexnanderj S Officers and Servants belonging to Her Majefyi Stables. IR John Arundel, Mailer of the Horfe. Robert Sabers Efq; 1 Richard ForrlerEfqi ). Equerries. Mr. John Car). ( ‘ Mr. Edward Widdrin^lon, J m.Thornas Sands, Page of Honour; Footmen Ten. Coachmen Four. GrooiM PAft II. of ENGL AND. 171 Grooms Two. Chair-men Six. Richard Salmm, Potter of the Water-Houfe. Officers of the ^een Dcnvager's Revenue. R obert Lord Ferrers, High Steward. George, Marquifs of Halliftx, Chancellor and Keeper ofhcrMajefty’s Great Seal. Herrc) Fredericl^ th)rtee, Efq-,.Treafurer and Receiver Ge¬ neral. S\c James Butler, Attorney-General. William Finch, Efq; Sollldtor-General, and Surveyor- General. ; j/eraldKmefman, Efq; Auditor-General. Mr.flirWiWarnor, Clerk of the Council, and Regifter of the Court of Chancery. IFilliam Knight Efq-, Keeper of the Council-Chamber. Kt. Samuel Hemming, Meflcnger of the Revenue. Mr. Samuel Finnes, another Meflenger of the Revenue. CHAP- 271 EljefjcfentJSitate Part II. CHAP. xvm. the Court or family of bis Royal Highnefs, George, Hereditary Prince of Denmark and Norway, and of the Goths and Vandals, Duke o/Schlei- wick, Holftein, Storniar, Dithmarfti , and Cumberland, Earl of Oldenburg, Delman- horft, and Kendal,- o/ Workingham, Knight of the mcfi Noble Order of the Garter, and one of their Majefiiesnsofi Honourable Privy Council. Ojjicers and Servants rrith their RefpeHive Salaries per Annum. G Entleman of the Bed- Chamber, and Groom of the Stole, Right Honourable John Lord Berkley ; his Fee per Amm P° ivy’-Purfe, and Mafter of the Robes, Der Heu de PlejI- fen, zoo 1 . per Annum. Grooms of tlie Bcd-Cliambcr. Charles Scarborough p.(cp, zoo 1 . per Annum. Charles Churchill E(q^ mol. George Churchill Efq; 2oo 1 . Thomas Maule P.{cp, zool. Pages of the Back Stairs. Mr. Peter Laroach 70 /. Kr. Daniel Crohare ■, yo I. ^ ' Yeoman of the Robes and Barber, Mr. Car fen Buckhoui 40 /. and do 1 . Treafurer of the Houicand Revenue, and Comptrolkt of the Honfe, Sir Benjamin Bathurll ; 200 1 . partIL Df ENGLAND. 173 Secretary, tdmri Griffith Efb; 100 per Annum. Secretary of the Foreign Affairs,- Fic^ Efgj 200/. Inftruftcrof hisRoyalHighnefs in tlie Englijh Tongue, Dr. Edtvnrd Chmberlayne. Phyfician, Sir Charles Scarborough. Chaplain, Dr. Mecken. Counfellor at Law to his Royal Highnefs, nomai Gentleman-Uilier, Colonel EdmundK'ebb ■, tool. Attorney at Law,lf'///Mm£t 4 r;c^Erq;'l Salary to each Sollicitor, Thomas Webb, jun. Efq; j ao 1. Captain of the Arms, Mr. Timothy Sebale ; i oo /. Groom of tlie Prefence, Mr-ifa/ter Symans 5324 Groom of the Prcfence eifr.Mr. Cuftof, Sal. 50/. Clerk of the Kitchen, Mr. /ohn Harleer ; 100 /. Yeoman^ of the Wine and Beer-Cellar, Mr. Tmmas.Paf’ Yeoman of the Wardrobe, Mr. SamuelOttvay ; 50 /. Yeoman of the Scullery, Mr. Tho. Pafniore-, 50 /. Semdrefs and Laundrefs to the Body, Mrs. Dorothy Cooper 5 icol. Laundrefs for the Table, Mrs. Catharine 100 /, Necchary Woman, Mrs. Mary Dowg/a/r i 46/. Ojlicers and Servants belonging to the Stables. Aff Ader of the Hotfe, the Right Honourable Bafil Earl of iVI Denbigh ; for his Horfes Literies, his Grooms, and footmens Liveries, fye/m allipfrylnnHm^449/. igr. 41/. Equerries, Connor 0 Brien Efq; and Monfieur St. Kemy ; and for Horfes’Liveries, Lodgings, ^c, 208'/. each, is Clerk of tlie Stables, Michael Studholm Efq; and for Li¬ veries, tJ-c. 110/. T Pages J74 &Wte Part II, Pages of Honour, Richard Harrijm Efq; and- Hid Efq; and for Liveries, ^c. 154 /. Yeoman-Riders, Mr. Laurence Saint Le, and Mr. Ttimih} Schale ; and for Liveries 111 /. each, is 241 /. Mr. John Miter, Overfcer of the Scabies; g6l, Lelefe Sander, his AtTiftant; 50 /. Charles Cabin, Taylor; tool. Two Coachmen at 36 /. each, is 72 /. and for Linen and Trimming, lo/. ar. Two Poftiliionsand Helpers; 72 /. Six Footmen at gd /. each, is 260 1. Linen and Trimming each, 5 1. i r.is 30 1, 6 s, Six Grooms at 30 /. each, is 180 t. Two Chairmen, at 36/.each, isyil. For Linen and Trimming-Money toeach, 3 /. ar. 6d, is d /. 5 /. beret Kiri^, Dog-Keeper; 100/. Mafter Cook, Mr. Ro^erWtbbs, 50 /. Second Cook; 40 /. Turn-Broaches,Scourer, ifyc. altogether dg/. 17 r. 6d, Confeftioner, Mr. Gewge Gmihorfe, The Commi^oners of hk Rojal f/ighnefs’s Revenue, arc, Sir Benjamin Bathurft Knight.} Piomas Maule, ECq-, teach 2001. per An. 6col, Edraard Griffith Efq; ■' Clerk to the Commiffioners, Mr. John Lang. The Court or Family of her Royal Highnefs the Princefs ANN c/.Denmark. L Adyofthe Bed-chamber and Groom of the Stole, the Right Honourable Sarah Countefs of Marlborough: Her Fee per Annum is 400 /. • Ladies of the Bed-chamber, the Lady Fretchevide, and the Lady Charlotte Beierrfood: Fee 200 /, each per Annum, is 400 /, Maids Part n. of ENGLAND. *75 Maids of Honour. Mrs. W^eniwarth ,. I Mrs. de VkI(, Ac 200 1. each is 800 per Mrs. I/abeSa Wentmrth, Annum. Mrs. Ann South, 1 Dreffers. Mrs. Elionor BuJ}-, too 1. )Mrs. Beatrice Danvers-, loo /. I Mrs. Margarer Fielding ; 90 /. .Mrsii^^nerfiJ Cooper-, 90/. In all 3 So /. t Mother of the Maids, Mrs. Jane Cooper tool. Semftrcfs and Searcher, Mrs.Amie Rainsford-, 40/. laundrefs to the Body, Mrs. £/i^. Atljnjon ; 80 /. per Am Chaplains. br. John Tounger. Dr. William Grahme, Dean of Carlifle. Clofet-keeper, Mr. Humphry Watljns -,2^1. Pages bf the Back-Stairs. Mr. Henry Langton -, 601: Mr. Edmard Broun-, 60 1. Mr. John Bonin-, 601. Nr. John Forjier-, 601. « Gentleman-Ulher^ Colonel HenrySandys ; 76 /. Genclcmen-Waitersi Mr. Roger Cooper ; 56 /. Nr. Philip Leech -, ^61. fieccflary.Woman, Mrs. Fhyften ; 30 U T 2 6f~ Paitll. O^ars and Servants belonging to the Stables, M After of the Horfe, tlie Riglic Honourable Lord Vifcounc Fit^-karding ; and for his HorfesLivencs j Equerry, Hugh Chudleigh Efq; and for ditto, 128/. 1 Eight Footmen at 36/. each,and 5/. ir. for Linen,246/,./, Tliree Coachmen at 56 /• each, i d8 /. ^ Three Popionsat ditto; 1681- Two Grooms at 30/. each, 60 /. Two Chair-men; and lor Liveries, 78 1 . 6 /. Hts Higbnefs Prince William p/Glocefters Servants. T Ady Governefs, the Right Honourable Vifeonn- I , (cfs Fit^-harding-, a^oo 1.pet Annum. Wet-Nurfe, Mrs. Ljdia Packs 8° . Dry-Nurfe, Mrs. flliOicent Fofier, deceas d 80/. who e Place is now fupplyed>y thefirft Rocker, Mrs. EhtaM Aikmfon, 3 ol. Katharine Dura}n’,-;ol. ailhe other Three Rockers.^ Mrs. .dnnLemcn; 70/. ' lnri.DorothrWanley,'!ol. Laundrefsand Semftrefs, Mrs. Elkabeth Jones ■,'^201. Nectirary-Woman, Mrs. Mar) Hutchenfon Chaplain, Mr. mr. I'jgeof tlic Back-Stairs, Mr. Hent) Walters', 60 I- Cook, Mr. Hent) Doivle ; 40 /• Coachman, John Beth.im ; 56 /. Riding-Groom, James Betham-, 40 /. Another Coachman. Two Kfotmen. Two I’oftillions. Part II. of ENGLAND. 277 « CHAP. XIX. Of the Civil Government of England in the re- futlive Courts of Judicature ; and firf of the Court of Jujlice called the KING’S BENCH. F or the Execution of Laws, after the Houfe of Lords inlParliament, the higheft Court in Eo^land, at Common law, litheKins's-Bench, fo called, bccaufe anciently the Eingfometimes there fat in Perfon on a high Bench, and his Judges on a low Bench at his Feet, to whom the Ju¬ dicature belongs in the abfence of the King- In this Court are handled the Pleas of the Crown, all things that concern the lofs of Life or Member of any Subjeft; for then the King is concerned, bccaufe tlie Life and Limbs of the SubjeS belong only to the King ; fothat the Pleas hcreare between the King and tlieSubjeft. Here are handled all Treafons, Felonics,_breach of Peace, Dp- preflion, Mifgovernment, jSre. This Court, moreover, hath power to examine and correft ail Errors infaSo, and injure, of all the Judges and Juftices of England in their Judgments and Proceedings; and this, not only in Pleas of the Crown, but in all Pleas Real, Perfonal, and Mix’d, except only in the Exchequer. In this High Court (it commonly Four Grave, Reverend Judges, whereof the firA is Ailed the Lord Chief jujlice oi the King's-Bench, and is created not by Patent, but by a mart Writ thus: A.B. JUiliti, falutem. Sciatic quod con- pitmmus vos JuJliciarium Capiialem, ad Placita co¬ ran nobis tenenda, quam dk fe bene gejferis. Tejle mehfo a- pki WeAm. ThereA of the Judges of the Bjng's-Bench hold their' Places by Letters Patents in thefe Words; Rex omnibus ad qmsprafentes literapervenetint,falutem. Sciatic quod conjii- luimus dileclum fdelem A.B. Militem, tiniim JuJliciari- omm, ad Placita coram nobis tenenda, dHrantebene placito no- h. Tejle, See. j 78 ffilje^jefent&tate Part II, Thefc Tudees, and all the Officers belonging to tliii Court, have all Salaries from the King, and the chin pf them have Robes and Liveries out of the gtea^Ward- '°^In this Court all young Lawyers that have been called to the Bar, ate allowed to plead and Praaife. This Court may grant Prohibitions w both Ecclefianical and Temporal, within their Bognds and ^“Thrjifrifdiaion of this Court is eth to all England ; is more uncontroulable than any oihct Court, (for the Law prefumes, that the King is always Sergeant of the Degree of the Coif; ieant at Law, who, upon taking this High Degree, li bbliged to wear a L^wn Coif under his Cap, foreret ^ '^The Turifdiftionof this UrdCifief JaJlite is very gre« ‘ pvcr allEnglanrf, and even in Parliament time, the Lord! fJmerimesNvaving their o«d P<»ver, have direaed ta to fend his Warrant to feize Perfons fufpeScd of Capiiil Crimes. A Lift of the feveral Officers of his Majefiffi CoHrt«/King’s-Bench. T Ord Chief Jullice, Sir John Holt Knight. - The other Juftices arc, Sir WiUiam Dolben. Sir wmiam Gregor}. Sir Oiles Eyre. Part II. Df ENGLAND. ayt, Clerks of the Crorons Office. Clerk of the Crown, Sir Smuel /tjlrejr, a Cap Of¬ ficer, fits covered in Court: His Secondary is Si;m liar- mn Efq; There are feveral Entring Clerks, who have Counties aflignedthem, and ufually are Attorneys for Defendants, profecuted at the Suit of the King ; vix. Mr. Ribert Sejltard, Clerk of Mr. H'idiam Eyre. the Rules. Mr. Robert H’intciir. Ur. Richard Morion. ^ Mr .William Leighton. Mr. JdmWeekley. ' Mr. EirrardCrook- Mr. John Co:k: Mr- George Weekley. ■ Mr. Lionel fiwffiaw. Mr. Rene,.ill Broten. Mr. Rice Fowkes. Tlicfc are Officers for Life. The Prolonotary's Office. . Protonotaries, Rorctdhd Holt Efq; Mr. Edvard Col- man Gent. Cap Officers : Their Sceondary is Richard AJIon Gent. Mr. Thomat Brcmfield, Clerk of the Signet. Mr. Robc’t Warier, Clerk of the Remembrances Mr. FrancU Thacker, Clerk of the Ba)les and Pojleat. And note. That all Clerks of the Plea fide, are Clerks to the Protonotaries. Cujios Brevium's Office. CnBat Breviam Rccordorm, Thomas Ooodmn Efq; and Simon Fo«%r,Efq; both Cap-Officcrs-,who arc hkewife Clerks of the Efibincs, and Warrants of Attorney. The Clerks of which Office for fealing Records of Rifi Prk<, for the fe- vcral Circuits and Cities, are, Mr. John Todd. 1 Mr. J.imes Hooton. Mr. John Hollyman. | Mr. Thomas Goldinge. Mr. Thornes Maydwelt, j Mr. William Tnlleji T 4 Depu- 28o EHje ISjJftnt 6tate Part Uj Deputy Clerks of the Treafury, Mr. Hm) Boult, Clerk of the Inner Treafury, Mr. lH//Mm 7 i(ffy,Clerkof the Out¬ ward Treafury. All thefc are Officers for Life. Two Book^kmts, who curry the Records into Court, Marfhal or Keeper of tlte/Crn^V-Benr/rPrifon, is Wihim Briggs Efq;his Deputy is Mr. — — Sherwin. 1 he Clerk of the Papers, is Mr. John Ltint. Clerks of the Papers on the Plca-fide,Mr. Giles clerk^mi Mr. Robert Stone. Clerk of the Rules, Mr. Robert Pugh. Clerk of the Declarations, Mr. Thomas Bromjield. Thefe are alfo Officers for Life. Deputy-Clerk of the Rules Mr. Picturing. Clerk of the Errors, Mr. EdwwrdColemtn. Deputy-Clerk, Mr Boult, Sealer of Writs, Mr. Pepit. A Head Cryer, Two under Cryers, Two Ulhers, and Four Tip-ftavcs. Then there areFilazers for the feveral Counties of Eng¬ land, whofe Office is in this Court, to make out all Procefs upon Oririnal Writs, Aftions Perfonal and mix’d: They are thefc that follow j vi^. The flames of the Filazers are thefe. Sit James Fuller Bar JohnTrye Efq; Mr. Robert H jihgs, Mr, Trmas Statham, Cumberland. 1 Northumberland. •< Nettinghamjhire.' I Rutland. \ Suffolk.,^. I Warwickfhire, ^London, JMiddlefex, and 7 Glocefterpire, Berkfhire. Verbyfiire. Mr, part II. of E Mr. 7 «ta Hx.OmgeWMdlon, Mr. WittiM Tn’fford, Ut.iiidhm Hafiings, Mr. Jonnthm RavenhW, m.nio'ninBathurfi, Mr. Jchn Bnrfuitig, Mr John Smith, Mt.mrjOodd, Mr. Philip Hodges, MrMHiomU^tttrey, Mr. Philip Veny, Mr. Samuel Porter, Mr. John Withers, Mr. John Ayres, Mr. Henry Ewen, Mr. William Bennet. James Woodhoufe Efq; Mr. IVilliam Ofbirn, NGLAND. a8,- Devonjhire, Tort(_^ire, Ejjex, Herefordjhire, , Hertfordjhire, Kent, Lincolnjhire. Monmoutbjim, Oxfordfhire. Somerfetfjiire. Stafford(lme, I'Bedfordfliire. Biicl^nghamfliire, ,! Dorfetfhire. I Hmingtonfliire, KorfoUi. 1 Northamptonfhire, j Leicejlerfliire. Southamptonfime, ^ Wefimorlandi Worcefierjhire, City of Coventry, City of Tcrki ‘ City of Exeter. City of Lincoln, City of Sorsnicb. City of Lichfield, City ofWorcefler, Town and County of Pool. Sujfex, mitfhire. City ofCanterbury, City of Briftol City of Glocefier. Town of Nottingham, Shropfliire. f Town of Kjngfion npon HuO. Of 282 JCfje gjeftnt &tate part li. Of the High Court of CHANCERY. N Ext to the King’s-Bench in WeUmmjier-HuU, is wife. ly placed this High Court, to mitigate the Rigourof that; it IS Curia CancemU ; becaufe, as fome think, the Judge of this Court fate anciently intrt CanceSos, or U- rices, as the Eaft end of our Churches, being feparated^tr Cancellos, from the*Body of the Churcli, as peculiarly be. longing to the Prieft, were thence called Chancels. This Courtis the Officina JuJlitU, the Womb of allosr Fundamental Laws, the Fountain of all our Proceedings inlaw, theOrignalof all other Courts. It is asancient as the Civility of the Nation, though perhaps by another Name. This Court proceeds, either Ordinarily, according to the Lasvs, Statutes, and Cuftoms of the Nation, and in Lath, granting out Writs Mandatory and Remedial: Writs of Grace; or elfe according to Equity and Confcience, and by Englijh Bill: So that the Chancery hath Two Courts in one; the Equitable part is by Bills, Anfwers, and Decrees, to examine Frauds, Combinations, Trufts, Secret Ufesijirr. to moderate the Rigour of the Laws, and refeue Men out of the Hands of their OpprelTors: To relieve a Man, efpe- cially in Three things, w^. againft Cheats, unfotiunitc Accidents, and Breaches of Trufl. Out of this Court arc iffued out Writs, or Summons for Parliaments, Edifts, Proclamations, Chatters, Proie- dlions, Safe-condufts, Writs of Moderata Mifericordh, when any Perfon hath been amerced too high, and for a reafoni- ble part of Goods for Widows and Orphans, Patents for Sheriffs, Writs of Certior/iri to remove Records andFalfe Judgments in Infcrionr Courts, Writs of Audita Qtferela,itti Scire facial; Here arefealed andinrolled Letters Patents, Treaties and Leagues with Foreign Princes, Deeds between Party arid Party, touching their Lands and Ellates, or Purchafers taking Recognizances, and malting of Extents upon Statutes and Recognizances for Payment of Money, or fecuringof ContraSs, Writs Remedial orMagi(lcrial,Com- milfioDS paftll. of ENGLAND. 28; milfions of Appeal, 0)er and Terminer, &c. The Court of Common Pkiti, which are betwixt Subjea and Subjeft, hath its Original and Commitfions from the Chancery, and can- rot hold Pleas without it. For the Laiine part of this Court, are the Twen¬ ty Four Cwfitors ; and for the Eng/iji part, are the Six Clerks. The Court of Equity, that proceeds not according to Law, is no Court of Record, and therefore binds only the Perfon, not his Lands or Goods. ClianCEllO^.] The Judge of this Court, is the Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England. He is here the Sole Judge, whereas in other Courts there are three or four Judges: but he may, and doth often, iii eafesof greater weight and difficulty, in cafes of Law, call fomc of the other Judges to his AlTrilance; and there-i fore it is faid, this Office may be difcharged by one that is no profelfed Lawyer,a5 it was almoff always anciently ;'and fo of later times by Sir Chriftopher Hatton, and after by Doftor Williams, Bilhop of Lincoln, to their great Praifc and Commendation. This is the higheft Office in England ihit a Lay-man it capable of: and the Chancellor, under the King, if, Magi, flratum omnium Antiftes, Chief of all Magiftrates. Anciently the Lord Chancellor had fometimes his Vice- chancellor, commonly^ealled Keeper of the Great Seal, but of later times they differ only in Name. In France, he that is made Chancellor, is durante vita, his Place cannot be taken away, although the Seals may. It is faid there, that he is fo to attend to the foie Inte- rell of the King and People, that he muft not be fenlible of any Relations, or other Confideration; and therefore may not put himfelf in Mourning, neither for his own Father,nor for the King himfelf. Chancellors have been in England, as the Learned Sir William Dugdale finds, as foon as Chriftianity was embraced by the Saxons. ’ The Chancellor is faid to be Keeper of the King’s Con- fcience, to judge fecimdum aputtt & bonum, according to E^ijity and Confciencc; He is to moderate the ti yMovt a84 anije fJ^cfcitc gitate Part If. xa,oy, the Exaft Rigour and Letter of the Law. where- unto other Judges are ftriftly tycd; for the Princes ot thisRealm (in imitation of the KING of King’s, govem- ino the World by JuUke and Merg) have ercfted twoSu- preme Tribunals together, at the upper end of Weflmmjler- Hall, one of Juflice, wherein nothing but the Arid Letter of the Law is obferved; and the other of M'rg, wherein the Rigour of the Law is tempered with the fweetnefs of Equity, which is nothing elfe but Merg qualifying the Sharpnels of Juftke. Tips Court being a Court of Confcience, the lefs it is perplexed with the Quirks of Lawyers, the more it is mided by Confcience and Equity; and therefore in all former times, the Judges of this Court were chofen out of the Clergy, able Divines, who by their Skill in the Law of God, and of Nations, werebeft able to judge ac¬ cording to Moderation and Equity, and moft willing to ex¬ ecute accordingly, alfo thought fitteft to difpofe of the King’s Spiritual Benefices. Befides, when this High Ofiice was given to Bilhops and Clergy-men, and thereby Wealth, and a Publick Spirit ufually conjoyned : What great publick Ads of Pi- ety and Charity were done by tliem for this Nation? To mention only in Oxford-, What Noble and Rich Founda¬ tions are Cbrijl-Chmh, Magdaletti, Kew-Colledge, and Mtr- m-Colledge I All founded by Bilhops that were Chancel- The manner of proceeding in this Court, is much like that in the Courts of the Civil-Law, the Adions by Bill or Plaint, the Witnefles examined, in private, the De¬ crees in Eiigli(l> or Latin, not in French. No Jury of Twelve Men, but all Sentences given by the Judge of the ^°The Judge of this Court, is the Right Honourable Sir John Somers, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of &g- land. S&a.tUve of CljanCErp.J The Chancellor, or Lord Keeper, hath Twelve Alhllants, anciently , called Clerm, CicihjOi JHagijiriCancelkrii, bccaufc they were ufually all part II. of ENGLAND. 185 in Holy Ordcrs.andDoftorsof Laws; for Mailer and Do- flors were anciently the fame, as at this day, a DoSor in the Arts, is called Afo^i/fer inArtibm-, and fometimes they were cal led Conrfjwow, i^allcr of tlje 3&OII0.] The firll of thefe is the Mujier of the RoHs: in Latin , Saemum Scrinmm Ma- gi/ier, fo called from the Chappel wherein the Rolls are kept: It is a Place of great Dignity, and is in the Gift of the King, cither for Life, or during his MajcAy’s Pleafure ; and this Officer hath, fwe Offeii, the Gift of thofe confiderable Offices of the Six Clerks in Chancery, hath the keeping of the Rolls, hath all the Houfe of the Converted Jews, now called the RolU ; and, in the abfence of the Chancellor, hears Catifcs there, and makes Orders^ by Virtue of a Commiflion, with Two Mafters, and that Jure Officii. When he fits in the Lords Houfe in Parliament, he fits next to the Lord Chief Juftice of England, upon the fecond VVooll-fack. One Reafon why the Mailers of Chancery were ever Chiliani, may be, becaufe for all Caufes almoft imagi¬ nable, lome Law, or Cafe conformable thereunto, may be fetched, by a good Civilian, out of that Law of Laws, called the Civil-Larv. Another may be, becaufe the Chan¬ cery, more ancient than any other Court of England, (for all Original Writs and Commiffions whereupon the other Courts do ground all their Proceedings, proceed from thence) hath probably been taken from the Civil-Law, as divers Points of Proceedings, not ufed in Common-Law Courts, as the Defendants anfwcring to the Bill, and fome- timts to the Interrogatories upon Oath, though to the ac- cufing of a Man’s felf in divers matters damageable and pe¬ nal ; the whole matter of Publication, the Depofmon of WitnelTes upon Interrogatories, and in perpetuam ret tnemoriam, the Term and ufe of Final Decree, and ma¬ ny other Points differing from the Common-Iau’, and whol¬ ly agreeing with the Civil-Law. This Court is always open, whereas all the others arc fiiut, but only in Term-time; fo that if any Man be wrong¬ fully imprifoned in the Vacation time,out of theTerm,the Lord aStf ne ipjcrcm&tftte Part it Lord Chancellor may grant his Writ oi meat Corpm; and do him Juftice according to Law: Soliktwife may this Court grant Prohibitions in time of Vacation, as well as in Term-time. A Lifi of the jeveral Officers belonging to the High Court of Chancery. L ord Keeper of the great Seal of England, the Right Ho¬ nourable Sir John Somers, ^ The Honourable'Sir John Trevor Knight, Mafter of the Rolls: whofe Secretary is Mr. John Ra«’lhfon. There are Twelve Mailers of Chancery, whereof the MU fler of the Rolls is one, the reft are thefe following. Sir Lacon William Child. Sir John Hotleins. Sir John Franklin, Sir Adam Oat ley. Sir Robert Regard. John Edejhwry, L L. D. Sn Miles Cook. Roger Meredith Efq; John Methmyn Efq; Samuel /Cfc^^fq; Richard Motford Efq; The Salary of thefe Mailers in Chancery, is One tiuii- dred Pounds to each of them, paid out of the Exche¬ quer qaircerly, bcfides Robe-Money. Thefe Mailers do fit at Weftminfier-fiatl with the Lord Chancellor, ot Lord Keeper, Three at a time in Term-time, and Two at a time out of Term, when the Lord Keeper fits to hear Caufes at his own Houfe. And to thefe Mailers the Lord Keeper docs often refer the further hearing of many Part II. of ENGLAND. 187 Caufes, {Srt. Furchcrmore, thty have a publick Office, where one or more ot them do conftaotly attend to take Affidavits, ^rc. The Houfe founded at firft for the Converted Jen’r, was, after their Expulfion out of England, annex’d for ever to the Office of MaOcrof the Rolfs, where he hath the Cu- flodyof all Charters, Patents, Commiflions, Deeds, Recog¬ nizances, which being made up in Rolls of Parchment, cave occafion for that Name. At prefent tiiere are kept ail the Rolls fince the begin- ning of Richard the Third: The reft are kept in the Tower of London. In his Gift arc, befides the Six Clerks Office, the Offi¬ ces of the Examiners, Three of the Clerks of the Petti- Bag, and the Six Clerks of the Rolls Chappel, where the Rolls are kept. (Eltrit of tlir Croton.] Next is the Clerk of the Crown, Henry Barl:er Efq; This Office is of hi^h Im¬ portance-, he is cither by nimfelf, or Deputy, continually to attend the Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keeper, for fpecial Matters of State, and hatha Place in the higher Houfe of Parliament: He makes all Writs for Eleflion of Members of Parliamenc, fitting in the Parliament, upon Warrant di- refted to him upon the Death or Removal of any Member; andalfoCommiflionsof O^er and rerminer, Gaoj-delivery, Commiffions of Peace, and many other Commidionsdiftri- butingjudice to his Majefty’s Subjefts: Which Office is esccuted by Mr. Milton, as a Deputy. Protonotary of this Court, is Corftelow Snow, Efq; This Office is chiefly to expedite Commidions for Embaffies. It is executed by a Deputy. Clerk of Ae Hamper, ot Hanaper, fometimcftiled War¬ den of the Hanaper: whofe Office is to receive all the Mo¬ ney due to the King for the Seals of Charters, Patents, Com- midions, and Writs, and to attend the Keeper of the Seal daily inTetm-time,andatall times of Sealing, with Leather Bags now, (but anciently probably with Hampers] wherein ate put all fealed Chariers, Patents, i/c, and then thoft Bags, delivered to the Comptrollerof the Hamper. This Office is now enjoyed by Hemp Seymour, Eiq, and executed by a 288 ffific pjefent &tate Part Ii_ Deputy, Edward Seymour Efq; and his Clerk is GeargiCa. file Gent. Warden of tlie fleet, or Keeper of the Fleet Prifin, h an Otficer very confiderablc. He is to nke care of the Prifoners there, who are commonly fuch as are fent thither from this Court, for Contempt to the King or his Laws, or fuch as will not pay their Debts, ire. The Place is now executed by- Fox. Efq;. Serjeant at Arms, is Thomai Charnock, Efq’, whofe Office is to bear a Gilt Mace before the Lord Chancellor or Keeper, for the time being. Six Clerks are Officers of great Account, next in degree to the Twelve Mailers in Chweery, wliofe Office is to inroll Commiffions, Pardons, Patents, Warrants, iyc. that ate paired the Great Seal. They were anciently Clerici, mi afterwards forfeited their Places, if they did marry, tillby Aft of Parliament, in the time of Henry the Eighth, they were allowed to take Wives. They are alfo Attorneys for Plaintills and Defendants,iD Caufes depending in this Court. The prefent Six Clerks, are. Sir Robert Mtrjham Kt. I Richard Garth Efq-, Shem Bridges, Efq; Bafil Herne Efq; Littleton Powel Elq-, \ TnomasClutterhuc\El(^, Who keep their feveral Offices at a place called the Sii Clerks Office in Chancery-lane, and conllantly keep Commons together in Term-time. Under the afore.named Six Clerks, there are Sixty o. ther Clerks. 7.r<. Ten to each of the Six Clerks, and who, with their Under-Clerks, difpatch the Bulinefs of that Of¬ fice. Some of thefe Sixty do feverally get four, five, or fix Hundred PoundsperAmam, or more. Examiners in Ch.incery there are Two, William Emtt- ton Efq; and Ralph Hmgh Efq;. Their Office is to examine the Witnelfcs on their Oaths in any Suit on both Tides. This Office alfo is executed at the Rolls. Clerks Part II. of ENGLAND. iSp clerks of the in CA.incfr> are three, AamPen~ gty Efq; Jcfe /<'*"' Daw/ing /«n. Efq; Tliey are under the Mafter of the Rolls: Their Office is to make all Patents for Cuftomers, Comptrollers, all Coa^e iEJIires, firft Summonsof Nobility,Clergy, Knights, Citi¬ zens and Eurgcffes to Parliament, fyc. The Six Clerks of the Rails Chappel, are, Samuel Kil- Iwgmrih, Hemy H'arfin, Thomas Lawton, John Woodfard,\ftl- Ham Grimes, Efquircs, and Mr. John Horjeman. The Subpxna Office is to IlTue out Writs, to fummon Petfons to appear in Chancer), This Office is in the Hands of Sir LLenr) Vane, and exe¬ cuted by ills Deputy, Mr. Nicholas Ilooh., Clerk of the Patents, or Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of England, is Sir Richard. Pigot Knight, and executed byaDcputy, Thomas Bi-oof^Etq;. This Office was erefled 16 Jacobi frimi. The Principal Rcgifter of the Court of Chancery, is the Earl of Dncr ; under whom are Deputy Regiders, vi^. George Edwards E(q, Carew Guidalt Gem. Regiflrers for tht Rolls, m, Edward Goldefbirmigh Gent. Rich Price Gent. This Office is ftept at Sjinands Inn in Char.cer;-lane. Clerk of the Reports, Keeper of the Old Book, and of one of tlieEniry Bcoks, Richard Bon.fordGtm. Keeper of one other Entry Book, Henry Daoenifh, Gent. The Office for filing all Affidavits in the fame Court of Chancery is an Office granted by Letters Patent; of which Olhfc Samuel Pointer Efq; is Mafier; and his Deputy is Mr- Roger Williams. This Office is now kept at S)monds-Inn \n Chancery-lane. Curfitors Office in the Chancery, is to make out Original Writs; they were anciently called C/cri« de curfir. Of thefc there are Twenty four, wh.creof each one hath certain Counties and Cities allotted to him, into which they make out fucli Original Wrirs as are required. Theft- Clerks are a Corporation of thcmfelvcs, whofe Names follow. 290 Elje The K.mes'i>f tbt Curfitors arethefe, \Ohn «(n^er/orrfEfq-,Principal, Mr. Un lion{ins, for Unco/n. Mr. Fr^ci, KtH- ‘or Cambndic and Ghcefler. . Mr. 7o/jn Rono/i/i, for Smtbamfton and Parwrct Mr. Henry AUrtin, for London and Middlefex. Mr. Charles Piciering, for ^''^r/o/^and C«m6y/W. Mr. H'iffwm f/arA, for Dor/cr, mthrnberlrmd and AfiTM- file upon Tine. Mr. John Paget, for Somerset. . , Mr. IffW-im Fijh, for London and Mtdilejex. l,lr. John Shorthofe, for Kent. Mr. 7ofo Hijfey, for Leicefierini Cmrrall. Mr. Stephen Terry, for Snrry and Salop. P.\r. Henry Cafar, for London and Middlefex. Mr. Robert Hart, fod Oxon and Rutland Mr. Jeremy Hale, for Wilts and Stafford. Mr. Richard Plumpton, for Bedford an4 Bucks, m William Wycliff, ^orSaScxandJVtgorn. Ur. Henry Thornicroft, for Hertfordand Derby. Mr. Andrem Gillingham, for HereM and Monmouth. tl\t. Richard. Kelfon, for Suffolk.and Hunttngton. Who execute thefe Offices by themfelvcs, or by their Ct- ^“thc General Office of the Curfitors is kept near Lmki- That for London and Middlefex, at Symonds-Inn in Chanmj. ^ '"secretary of the Prefentation of Spiritual Benefices, Alii0tm Part II. of ENGLAND. 19 s Alienation Office. T Here is alfo an Office called the Ofee, where- unto all Writs of Covenants and Entry, whereupon Fines are levyed and Recoveries fuffered, are carried to have Fines for Alienation fet and paid thereupon. This Of¬ fices executed by three Commiflioners, Peregrine Bertie Efq; f JmuSmJerfmEfq-, > who fee thefc Fines.^ William Olanvile Efq; i Mr. Timm Daiv/cn, Mafter in 'Clmcer)i. Mr. Bernard Halfpenny,CkrV of the Enrollmentt. Mr. SklyJai IVbital^r, Receiver. Mr. Thomas Webb, Clerk of the Entries. Mr C. Brooli, Porter. In all are counted Seventy two Officers under the Lord Cliancellor, or Lord Keeper. The Court of Common-Pleas. T he next Court for Execution of Laws, is the Court of Ommon-Pleas, fo called, beCaufe there arc debated the ufual Pleas between Subjeft and SubjeS. Some fiy, tliisCourt, as well as other Courts, wasac firfl held in the King’s Houfc, wherefoever he rcfided; but by the Statute M.m Charta, it was ordained. That this Court ffiould not be Ambulatory, but be lield at a certain Place, and that hath been ever (ince in Weftminjier-Hall. . None but Sergeants at Lam may Plead in this Court, and fo many of them as the King flwll appoint, are bound by Oailuo affift all that have any Caufc depending jn that Court. 292 EliefjefcRt&tate ■ Part II. Note, Tliat Serjca.its may alfo plead in all otiicr Courts, as all other Barriftcrb may. . This Court may grant Prohibitions, as the Court of the Kine’j-Btnch doth. . The Chief Judge in this Court, is called the Lord Chief Tuftice of the Common-Pkm, or of the Commsn.BencA.hold. eth his Place by Letters Patent, qum dm je bene jejjmr, and fodoihe other Inferior Judges of this Court, whereof there “'^ln°tir2rt lllCivil Caufes, Real and Perfonal, areufu- ally trved, according to the flria Rule of the Law. Real Aaionsare pleadable in no other Court, nor Fines Real Actions are pieauauic m ...... levied, or Recoveries fuffered, but only at^tlm CoutMt ... ..ecovtries luncrcu, uu. u...j . .. WefltrMer, at a JudgesChamber, at the Affizes, or by fpe- cial Commifllon out of Chitr.cer). c u- r The King allows to the Lord Chief Juflice of this Court, a Fee, Rewaid, Robes, and Two Tun of Wine as is done to the Lord Chief JuAice of the other Bench; alfo to the other Judges of this Court; and to Four Serjeants is allowed Fees, Reward, and Robes to each one. In the iiriandiarhof EdrnardlM. there were Eight Judges belonging to the Commim-F/Mr; at other times Se¬ ven, Sis and Five ; and fo in the time of Henry VI. and Edward IV. but (ince ufually but Four as at this day. Before the Reign of queen Mary, thefe, and the reft of the Twelve Judges rode upon Mules, and not upon Hot- fes, as they now do in great State, at the beginning of the Term. A Lifi of the feveral Officers belonging to his Ms- jefifs Court of Common-Pleas. T he Honourable Sir George TreiyKt. Lord Chief Juflice. Sir Edward Nevill- Sir John Powel. Sir Thomas Rooksby- Thefe are the prefent Judges of that Tribunal, PartII. of ENGLAND. 295 Then there is an officer called, Cuflos Breiium, cheFirft CIcrkol the Court, wliofe Office is to receive and keep all Writs returnable in that Court, to receive of the I’ro- tonotaries all the Records of Nifi Frim, called rojh'j- He hoHeth. his Place by Patent from the King, and hath the Giftof the Second Proronotaries Place, and cf the Clerk of the Juries. The Lady A(b\wh this Office, the fworn Mailer is IP/Z/mw Thurfbi Efqi and the Office is executed by Mr. jf/rph Titles, the Secondary thereof. There are Three Protonotaries, a Word compounded of Creei^and Lntin, (fuch with the Ancients were ufual ) and fignifies the firll Notaries'; they are Chief Clerks of this Court, and by their Office, are to enter and inroll all Declarations, Pleadings f'which the F'tk\ers did for¬ merly promifcnoull) do) Aflazes, Judgments and Aftions; to make out Judicial Writs, for all Coun¬ ties, except Monmmh. Thefe confiderablc Offices arc in the Hands of John Efq; Thmns irinfmi Efq; \fill\am Tempejl Efq; In ivhofe Offices all the Attorneys of the Court of Com- imn-Fleiii do enter their Caufes; each of the faid Proto- notaries hath a Secondary, wliolc Office is to draw up the Rules of Court, and to do other Matters relating to the Bu- lincfs of the Court. Thcfc Secondaries arc commoidy the ancientcll andablcll Clerks or Attorneys of •he court, and at prefent are, Mr. Rkkmi Cook, Mr. Kicholm Ml, and Mr. George iTa/f^er, iheChirographer (alfoftom Two Crerl^ Words, fignifying to acknowledge a Debt, by fetting ones Hand) is an Officer, whoengrollcth Fines acknow- ledged, ifyic. He holdcth his Place alfo by Patent, art! is at prefent FrimcU Lane Efq; in Trull for Montague Drake Efqi 'vlio doth execute it by a Deputy, Mr. John Stater, who is Secondary thereof. 1 n this Office there arc fcveral Clerks, who have their fcveral Counties allotted them, and for which they arc to engrofs the Fines levied of Lands in their ' refpefiive Divifions. The prefent Qerks arc, ^ SClje^jcfcut ^tate Part 11. 194 Mr. Robert Love. I Mr. John T)ra\t. Kt. RobertBtirJ. j Vit, MkbaelGlydd. Mr. Thomts Newman. Mr. Jofefh Bifeoe. Mr. Peter Storer. 1 Mr. Nathanael Lkrbert. John Dral^e Efq; Regiftcrof the Fine Office, wTiofe faid Office is the only proper Place for fearching for Fine;, they not being perteft till they are brought thither and Recorded. _ , Mr. Thomar Bml{et, Clerk of the Proclamations. All thefc Protonotaries and Chirographer aforementio¬ ned, fit in the Court, crowned with black round Caps, ac¬ cording to the Mode, immediately before the Invention ot Hats, which was fincc the beginning of the Reign of Queen pitabeth. Moreover, they are all fwotii, and have their Offices for Life, as a Frec-hold. There are in this Court Three Officers unfworn, and hold their Places dnrante beneflacilo. 1. OneClcrkofthe Treafury, Mr. Edward Mills, ivlio hath the Charge of keeping the Records of this Court, and makes opt all Records of Nifi Pr 'm , and divers otlier rhings. This Offjee is in the Gift of the Lord Chief Juftice. 2. Mr. Edward Mills, Clerk of the Enrollments of Fines and Recoveries, who is, by Statute, under the Three Puifne Judges of this Court, and removeable at their Plea- fure. Note, that the Enrollment of the Fines, and Reco¬ veries, or any part thereof, by Stat. 13 Eliz. Chap. 5. isof as good Force and Validity in Law, to all Intents and Purpofes, forfo much of any of them fo enrolled, as the fame being extant and remaining, were, or ought by Law to be : The general negleft whereof in this Kingdom hath occafioned many Law Suits, and hath proved in procefs of time exceeding dangerous to many Mens E- jffates. 3. The Clerk of the Outlawries, Mr. Charles Franklin,who makes out the Writs of Capias Vtlegatum, (after the Par¬ ties are returned Out-lawed) in the Name of thcKing’sAt* tOfncy,\vhofc Deputy he b, pro tempore. Partll. of ENGLAND. ' 2pj ' Time are Five Clerks, or Officers mere, 1. Clerk of the King’s Silver, Henry Ludhxv Efq; unto whom every Fine, or Final Agreement upon Sale of Land Is brought, alter it hath been with the CujforSrewHvr, and who makesan Entry of what Money is to be paid for the King’s ufe. executed by a Deputy, Mr. Arden. 2. Clerk of the Warrants, Wiliiam Eaft Efq; exe¬ cuted by a Deputy, Mr. Robert Fiffi, whoentrethall War¬ rants of Attorney, for Plaintiff and Defendant, and enrol- leih all Deeds acknowledged before any of the Judges of this Court. 3. Clerk of the Juries, Mr. Simffon, who maketh out the Writs, called Habeas Corfm, and Dejlringas Jurato- rum, for appearance of the Jury, either in this Court, or at the Alfizes in the Country, executed by rMr. Hambden, his Deputy. 4. Clerk of the Eflbins, or Excufes for lawful Caufe of Abfence, Fir. William Hall. 3. Clerk of the Siiperfedeas, Jonathan Perry Efq; which is held by Patent. But before King James the Firft’s time the Writs of Superfedeai were made by the Exi- genter. fn this Court are alfo Filazers for the feveral Counties of EngLmd, fo called from the French, Fil, .l^hread, bc- caufe they file their Writs.' Thcfe make ouVall Procefs upon Original Writs, and do many other things too long tohe here fet down; of thefe there are Fourteenth;;. An.lrert) Philips Efq; who hath London, Middlefex Hunting- ton, and Cambridgejlire. The reft of th6,Countics are di¬ vided amongft thefe that follow. Thomas Stringer Efq; Mr. Richard Spicer. Jonathan Hodgjon Efq; ■ Richard Midlemore Efq; George Liddal Efq; Charles Sheppard Efq, Mr. Henry Dottjn, Mr. Gisy Puller. Mr. John Carpenter. Mr. Bartholomew Canter, Mr. Thomas Herbert. Mr. Francii Child, Mr. John Farrington. Mr. Nathanael Ryder, Mr.Jof.Tates,{or the life of Mr. Lawrence Alcock, V 4 who 396 SE|)£ &tat£ Part I[. who is Protonotary, Filazcr, and Exigcnterof Mnmmih, by Patent; the reft in the Gift of the Lord Chief Jufticc, ' and hold for Life. , There are alfo Four Exigentcrs, whofe Office is to make all Exigents and Proclamations in all Aftions, where Pro- cefs of Outlawry doth lie. This Writ is called an Exi¬ gent, becaufeitexadeth the Party; that is, requirethhis appearance to anfwer the Law, and lies againft a Tranfgrcf- j for of the Law, that cannot be found, nor any of his Goods •within the County: So that after Summons by the Slicrif at five fcveral County Courts; if he appears not he is I Outlawed. The Four Exigenters at prefent are, m ■ Charles j Nr.’Korcliffe. '■ Mr. Thomas Goiidge. j And Mr. John Farringim. All in the Gift of the Lord Chief Jufiice, and are for j Life. 1 There are alfo belonging to this Court Four Cryers, and a Porter. ! Of the Court of Exchequer. T he next Court of Execution of Laws, is that called ihe Exchequer ■, fo called, as fome think, from a Che. quer-wrought-Carpet, covering the great Table in that Court, as the Court of Greeti'Cloth in the King’s Houfe, is fo called from the Green Carpet , or elfc from the French Word Efehequier, a Chefs-Board, becaufe the Accomp- tants in that Office were wont toufe fuch Boards in their Calculation. Here are tryed all Caufes which belong to the King’s Treafury or Revenue, as touching Accompts, Disburfements, Cufioms, and all .Fines impofed upon any Man. In this Court may fit, The Lord Treafurer, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Lord chief Baron, and Three other Learned Judges, called £«rew of the Exchequer, alfo one other Curfitir Baron. . ■ ™ 197 pjftll. of ENGLAND. 7he prefent Bams are, Sk Bokrt Atkjns, Knight of the Bath, Lord Chief Ba¬ ron of the Exchequer, late Speaker of the Houfe of Lords. Sk Nicholas LetcImmKt. , Sk JohnTarton Kc. C Barons. Sic John Porael Kc. J George Bradbury Efq; Curfitor Baron. EuttheTwo firft feldom fit, and thefe fire lad feldom fail; Thefirft of thefe five, is the principal Judge of this Court, and anfwcrs the Bar of the Barriflers, who direft their Speech to him, takes Recognizances for the King’s Debts, e^f. It is an Office of high Honour and Profit; he is filled Lord Chief Baron ; is created by Letters Patent, to hold this Dignity, Unam din fe bene gcjferit, wherein he liatli a fixed Eftate; for the Law intends this'an Efiate for Life; He alone, withouttheothcrBarons,fitsatC«iW- ^ii//the Afternoon in Term time, upon Nifi Prim in Lon¬ don ; takes Audits, Accompts, Recognizances, Prefenta- tions of Offices, and many other things of Importance. In thcabfenccof the Lord CWt/ Baron, the other Three Barons fupply his place, according to their Seniority ; but the fifth is faid to be the Curfitor of the Court, and ad- minifters the Oath to the Shcrifts, under-Sheriffs, Bay- lifis. Searchers, Surveyors, fyc. of the Cufiom-Houfe, but is no Itinerant Judge, nor counted one of the Twelve Judges, In the £ic/jeyi('r are held Two Courts, one of the Law, another of Equitr. All Judicial Proceedings according to Law, are Coram Baroniiusj but the Court of Equity, held in the Exche¬ quer-Chamber, is Coram Thefaurario, Cancellarh jjr Baro- rilus. This Court had its beginning, primo Phil ^ Mar. The Authority of this Court is of Original Jurifdiflion, ivithoutany CoramilTion. 198 l^jcfciu State Part II. Note alfo. That all the other forementioned Couns were not Inllitutcd by any Statute or written Law, but have their Original from the ancient Cuftom of the King. ^°For a long time after the Conquefi, there fat in the&. cheauer both Spiritual and Temporal Barons of the Realm; and in later times there fat in their Places others that were no Peers of the Realm, yetailed Baron;, qmubi{edtre[>. lebant Barnes, becaufc Barons ufed to fit All the Twelve Judges belonging, to thefe high Tri- bubals, (it in Robes and Square Caps, like Doftors of Di. vinity ; bccaufe (as fome fay ) they were anciently iBoft commonly Clergy-men and Doflorf, BilhopsorPtc- J Lili cf the feveral Officers belonging to his Mi- jefiys Court of Exchequer. gniielSiins’jS 3£lememb?ancEi’0 SDffice. fnl wl In vvhofe Office are Eight fworn Cltiksi whereof Thomas HaffEfq; 1 The Two Secondaries. George Wats Efqj J The reft arc, Mr. Ftamis Butler- Mr. Gabriel Armiger. \,\r.WidiamBathurji. Tn this Office are entred the States of all the AccompS concerning the King’s Revenue, fidies, and all Aids granted to the King m Pariwro^^^ part II. of E N G L A N D. 199 and all other Accompts of whac Nature focvcr, except Sheriffiand Bayliffs Accompts; and aUo Accompts for Mo- nevs imprefled.to any Pcrfon to perform Service for the King concerning the King’s Revenue, either certain or cafual, all Securities, either by Bonds or Recognizances, to the King's Majelly by Accomptants and Officers, for the faithful exercifmg of their Offices, and many of his Debts are taken here. All Proceedings upon any Statute by In¬ formation for Cullom, Excifes, or any other Penal Law. All Proceedings upon the faid Bonds or Recognizances, or any other Bonds taken in the Ring’s Name, by Officers anpoinicd thereunto, under the Great Seal of EngW, and tranfmitted hither for Recovery thereof, are properly in this Office i from whence ilTue forth Procefs, to caufe all Accomptants to come in and Account. In the Court of Exckimr, there being a Court of Equity, all Proceedings touching the fame, arc in this Office; with many other things concerning the King’s Revenue. This Office is in the Ring’s Gift. SfljE SEvcafurcr’^f Kfnicmbjancet’si Office. Nest is the Lord Treafurer’s Remembrancer ^ Leonard DiggrEfq-, whole Office is to make Procefs againftall She¬ riffs, Receivers, Bayliffs, for their Accompts, andm> ny other things of moment, as Ellreat Rules, i;c. All Charters and Letters Patent, whereupon any Rents are referved to the King, arc tranferibed and fent into this Office by the Clerk of the Petty-Bag, totheendfuch Mo- neysasare thereby payable to his Majefly, maybe tranf- raitted to the Clerk of the Pipe ; and Procefs made to re¬ cover the fame by the Comptroller of the Pipe. Out of this Office Procefs iffues to levy the ao /. per Month, due froml’opifli Recufants, when convifted ; and alfotofeize the Two Thirds of their Lands, when Schedules thereof are made by the Clerk- of the Pipe, and tranfmitted hi¬ ther. Out of this Office Procefs is alfo made to levy the King’s Pec-Farm Rents, tic- When the Auditors of the Revenue have made Sche¬ dules of fuch Arrears, and tranfmitted them to tlie Re¬ membrancer, the States of allimprcfl Accompts", and 0- thcrgreat Accompts; and otlicr Accompts whatfoever are alfci ;oo EIjc Pjcfent State Pan ir. alfo cntredinto this Office, as well as in the Office of the Kings Remembrmcir. In this Office there were heretofore Twelve fworn Clerks, whereof the Two fiift were cal¬ led Secondaries; and whofc Names are now George BUc\; wett, and Jokn Tajleure Efquires. This is alfo in the King’s Gift Clerli^of the Pipe, is the Honourable Robert Rnffel All Accompts which pafsthe Remembrancer’s Office,ate brought to the Office of the Clerk of the Pipe, and re¬ main there, to the end, that if there be any determined Debt due by any Accomp'-ant, or any other Perfon in any fui-h Accompt, the fame may be drawn down into the great Roll of the Pipe, or the Pipes thereof, and by the Comp¬ troller of the Pipe taken into his Roll, ’vcrbittim with the great Roll; and Procefs may be made by him for the reco¬ very thereof by a Writ, called the Summons of the Pipe; which is in the nature of a Levare Facins. And if upon Summons of the Pipe, a iVieW/be returned by the Sheriff then a Schedule is made of fuch Debts as are Kkhiled, and fent to the Treafurer’s Remembrancer, who makes a long Writ, and annexes the lame to it; which WwKi Capiat, Fieri Facial, & extem/i Facial. All Tallies, which vouch the Payments contained in fneh Accompts, are examined and allowed by the chief Se¬ condary in the Pipe, and remain for ever after in this Office. All Accompts of Sheriffe and Bayliffs, are made up by ■ the Clerks of the Pipe, and he gives them, and all the other Accompts before-mentioned, their Qaietas ejf,incafetheit Accompts be even. The Clerk of the Pipe makes Leafes of the King’s Lands, and extended Lands, when he is warranted foro do by the Lord Treafurer and Chancellor of the Exchequer, or Lords Commiffioners of the Treafury. And thefe Leafes are fometimes direfted to be made under the Great Seal, but for the molf part pafs the Exchequer. He hath under him Eight Attorneys, whereof theTwofirIf are Secondaries, Part II. Of ENGLAND. 501 miter Wdinger Efq; Sc-1 Mr. Simen Miifpnve. condary, and firft At- Mr. Charles Milburn. torney.! 1 Mr- ■f’crcr Frorttle. Tin. Co/eE, Chancellor, jjT.es Lt^hlburn Hfq; Vice Chancellor. Etreard AVfAey Efq; Atrorney-General. Chech Cerrard Efq; Clerk of the Dutch,. Sir John E!«es Knight, Receiver-General. John Efqj Auditor for the Sorth. TM u le (}io! Efq; Auditor for the South. Mr. RenU’mn A,l 4 r. Deputy Clerk. Me. John Buier, Deputy Regifter. Mr. RickirdHfunds, i Atcorneys. Mr. Thomas Apoton, f r i v Mr. Richard H4b.tnds, Deputy Auditor of the Roitc _ _Ulher. M.-. Abr.iham Milk’, Melfenger. This Court is kept at Wejlminfler, by the Lower Es- All the f-.rementioned Courts of Hi«ture « #• vinder are opened Four times a Year, called the fotr ETfrmS.I E“fler Term, which beginneth always & Seventeenth Day after Eafier, and laActh Twenty Days. I IT. of E N G L A N D. ;qp Trinit/ Tirm begins the ^th day after Trinii) Sunday, and ^ Ijftcth 20 days. , Michaekas Term, began heretofore a little after that i Fcag, but now by a late Statute, begins the 23d of OSeber, I and lafteth 37 days. ' Lagly, Hilary Term, begins now ten days after St. Hilc- : ry, ortiie ayrf of Jamary, and lafteth Twenty one days: i TheFourTcrms in all continue 105 days; from whence i mud be deduSed about twenty Sundays and Holydays, wherein the Courts fit.not; fo that in one fourth part of ' the year, and that in one City, all confidcrable Caufes i of the arcateft part of England, are fully decided andde- ' termnied: whereas in Foreign Parts the Courts of Juftice are open alhheYcar, except High Holydays, and Harveft time, and thatin all great Cities. This may feem there- fore ftrange to all Foreigners, till they know that the ; have always been given more to Pcaceablcnefs, and ‘ Indudry than other People ; and that rather than go fo I fir 3i London, and be at fo great Charges with Attorneys, ' and Lawyers, tin y will cither refer their Differences to ; the Arbitration of their ParifhPriefts; who do. Drought . to think it a principal part of their Duty to reconcile Dif- ; ferences within their Parifties, or to the Arbitration|of ho- ! neft Neighbours; or elfe are content to fubmit their Dif¬ ferences to Tryal before the judges of Afi^es, called alfo ; Judices in Eire, or the Itinerant Jndget. ) Ajjirei are held twice a year, vit;. after the end of I/i/ary : Term, and alter the end of Trinity Term, the Twelve Judges, I two by two, ride feveral Circuits, and at the principal Town J of every County, lit to hear and determine all Caufes of lef- i fer moment, both Civ Hand Criminal, a moft excellent wife ! Conflitution, begun by King Henry the Second, Anno 11 j 6 , j "ho at firft divided England into Six Circuits (not the fame jthrtarenowj and to each Circuit allotted Three Judges. I Wall! aifo is divided into Two Circuits, North a d South 'Ml-, for which arc defigned in like manner. Two Ser¬ geants at Law five each Circuit. Thefe Judges give Judg¬ ment of the Pleas of the Crown, and all Common Pleas within thofe Counties, difpatching ordinarily, in Two or Three Days, all Controverlies in-a County, that are grown iio llfue in the forementioned Courts at London, between ?io 2Elje gKfnu &tate PartH. riaintiffs and Defendants, and tliat by their Peers, a Jury of Twelve Men, « wimtu, out of the Ncighbonrhood whereaboi)'- he bufinefs lies, So that twice a year in England and mala, Juftice may be Paid to be rightly and fpccdily adminiftred even at our own Doors. Of the Govern-,nait of Counties, &c. H Aving given a brief Account of the Civil Government of all in general, next (hall be-defefibed the particular Government of Counties, Hundreds, Cities, Bo¬ roughs and Villages. 3 iuSireS Of tI)C JSracc.] For the Civil Government of all Counties, tl'.c King makes choice of fome of the Nobility, Clergy, Gentry, Lawyers, Men of Worth and Farts, who have their iifua! Rcfidence in the County •, fo ma¬ ny ashisMajefty plcafcth,to keep the Peace of the County, and thefe, by Commidion undenhe Great Seal, are called Jujlicesof the Peace, zt. firfl flilcd Wardens of the Peace, mi ifuch of them whom the King doth more particularly confide in or refpeft, are called Jiiflices of the Qjiim', from thefe Words in the CommilTionj Qiiorum A. B. mm effe vo/miis that is, fome Bufmefsof more Importance may not be tranfafted without the Prcfence or Concur¬ rence of one of them. One of the Principal Jufliccs of Peace, and Siiorm,i5 by the Lord Chancellor made Ciijlas Rotulertmt, fo called, becaufe he hath the Cuflody of the Rolls, or Records of the SelTions, and is to bring them to each Quarter Scf- lions. The Original of Jufliccs of the Peace is from the firft year of Edward the Third. Their Office is to call before them, examine, and com¬ mit to Prifon all Thieves, Murderers, wamfring Rogues, thefe that hold Confpiracio, Riois, and almoft all other Delinquencies that may occ.ifion the Breach of Peace and Quiet to the King’s Subjeffs, to commit all fucli to Prifon, as eitlicr cannot, or by Law are not to be bailed; that is. Partll. of ENGLAND. ' cannot be fet at Liberty by Sureties (taken for tbeir ap¬ pearance at a place and rime certain) and to fee them brought forth indue timetoTryal. Slliarffr^^cirionsf.] Every Quarter, or Three Months, the Juliiccs meet acthe^-hief, or Shire Town, where the Grand Inquefl, or Jury of the County is fummoned to appear, who upon Oath arc to enquire of all Traitors, He- reticks. Thieves, Murtherers,Money-Coyners, Rioters, eJrc. Thofe that appear to be guilty, arc by the faid Jufti- ces committed toPrifon, robe tryed at the nest Aflizes, when the Judges at Wefiminfler come their Circuits afore¬ mentioned. For the Execution of Laws in every Coun- ty, "except Weftmorland and Durham, the King every Mi- ciuclmm Term nominates for each County a Sheriff, that is, i Reeved the Shire, Prapfim, or Prtfellus Comitatus, a Governour or Guardian of the County; for tlK- Words of the Patent are, Commifimus tibi cujhdiam Comitarus no- frideN. The Sheriffi Office is to execute the King’s Mandate!, and all Writs directed to him, out of the King’s Courts, to impannel Juries, to bring Caufes and Criminals to Tryal, to fee the Sentences both in Civil and Criminal Ali'.tirs ex¬ ecuted, to wait on, and guard the Itinerant Judges twice a year, lb long as they continue within the County, which at the Affizes is performed with great Pomp,Splcndour, Feaft- ing, ify-c. In order to the better executing of his Office, the Sheriff hath Attendant his Under-Shcrift, divers Clerks, Stewards of Courts, BayhfFs of Hundreds, Conftables, Gaolers, Sergeants or Beadles; befides a gallant Train of Servants in rich Liveries, all on Horfe-backat the Recepti¬ on of the Judges.' He was anciently chofen as Knights of the Shire arc; but to avoid Tumults it is now thus ; Every Year, about the beginning of Nwember, the Judges Itinerant nominate Six fit Men of each County ; ihatis, Knights or Efquircs of good Eftates; out of thefe the Lord Chancellor, Treafurcr, Privy Counccllors, and Twelve Judges aflembic in the Exchequer-Chamber, and X 4 fworn, 511 Cliefjcfettt^tate Partll. fworn, make choke of Three ; of which the King liim- fdf after chufeih One to he S' ei if (or that year only, tho’ heretofore it was for many years, anti fomctimes Heredi¬ tary; as ar this day to the Cliff^rai, who, by Defeentfrom Kaiertrfer/pf, are Sheriffs Hereditary of the County of ffertwAW, by Charter from King Jo/wi. Kurthctmorc, the Sherilk Office is tocolleftall publick Prrfir, Ciifloms, Taxes of the County, all bines, Diflttf- fes and Amerciaments, and to bring them into the King’s Exchequer, or Treafury at Eon,/on, or elfewhere, as the King fhall apooint: To fupprefs Riots, execute Writs, fc- cure Prifoners, diftrain for Debts, empaiinel Juries, at- tend the iudges, fee the execution of Malefadors, proteft them fromtiie Jnfults of Ey-lianders, return Knights and Burgeffes for Parliament, (^rr. , .1 c n- The Sheriff of each County hath a double Funftion;, Firfl, Miniflcrial, to execute all Procefles and Precepts of the Courts of Law, and to make Returns of the fame ; SeconrilY, Judicial, whereby he hath Authority to hod Two fcveral Courts ofdiftina Nature, the One called the Shrift'^ rnrn, which ire holdeth in fevcral places in the Countv. enquiring of all Criminal Offences againft the Commdi Law, not prohibited by any Sratute ; the other, railed the Coant; Conn, wherein he hears and determines Ciril Caufesof the County under Forty Shillings, which anrientlvwas aconfiderableSum; fothac by the great Ml of Moneys now, the Sheriff’s Authority in that part is much He kfald to he the Life of Juffice, of the Law, and of the Countv, for no Suit begins, and noProccfsis lerved but by liim • ‘then, no Execution of the Law but by nim Lklv, he is the chief Confcrvacor of the Peace in the whole County. Every County being fubdivided imo Hun¬ dreds, (fo called at firft cither for containing an Hundred Houfc‘ or an Hundred Men bound to find ArmsJ or Warenrakts, fo called from coueliing a Weapon, when they fworc Allegiance (as tlie manner at this day is m .sw/den, at their Solemn Weddings, for the chief Wit- ntfks to lay all th.cir Hands upon a Launce or Pike,J cverv fuel) Wapentake or Hundred, hath commonly a Eaililf, a very ancient Cfiicer, but now of Imall Autlicritv; Part II. 'of ENGLAND. alfo officers called High-Conftables, firft ordained by 'b* Statue of Winchejler, i^Ed. i. for the Confervation o‘ Peace,and view of Armour; theydifperfe Warrants and Orders of the Juftices of the Peace to each Petty Con- ilable. A Lijl of the Sheriffs appointed by His Majefiy for the Tear i63 13 13 13 13 13 13 '3 )3 Part III, j Numbers 780 780 780 7S0 780 780 780 7 So 780 780 780 780 780 780 780 5 ° 5® 150 60 60 k Part n. of ENGLAND. regiments. Troops and ICompaDiesJ 3xt Nambei of pd Meoi kuhcWeJl-Indies - VHich foot Guards, by the Duke of BrMurg -- Toul-^l 3 *So i6 12 IZ 12 703 l%66 840 On the Scotch Eftablijliment. I Troops and Companies. C olonel Conmgham'i --- Another - Numbers of pri. Mem %6o 360 7Zoj FOOT. Troops and Companies. Numbers of pri. Men. Colonel. ~-Uli Total-' 26 I 700 .700 1400 On the Irifli Efiablijiment. ■horse. ^Olonel _ Troops [Numbers and of CbmpaDi«.pri. Meti 6 I 300 3 12 SCljc ^jefcat ^tritc REGIMENTS. | Trojs. DRAGOONS. Companies. C olonel W)m -8 Colonel Ecklin'i. - ' 8 Total-. i6 Part II, I ( Numbers pn.Mcn. FOOT. Troops jNumbets and I of Companies.' pti.Men. C olonel Stemrt. - Sir John Harmon - Colonel Hamilton. - Sir Henry Bellafyfe. -- -- Colonel Coote. - Earl of Drogheda - Colonel Row---- Colonel 5 f. Johns. - Colonel Mchelhirn. - Colonel Crer^/jron,-^^- Total- '3 13 13 13 13 »3 13 13 J3_ 130 6 p 6^0 650 650 650 650 650' djo dje 650. 6550 GENERAL OFFICERS. jj^ltke Schonberg, General of thcHorfc. Lieutenant-Generals. Earl of ottford. Monfieur Auverqnerqne. Earl of Portland. Iho, Talmajh. Major-Generals. ComdeNajfan. Monficnr Zttlejlem. Sir Henry Bellafyje. Duke of Ormond. Earl of Scarborough. Lord Colchejhr. Colonel/a Mehniere. Brigadier Generals. Colonel Churchil, Col, yillkrs. of ENGLAND. Part II. Col. Ltvifan. Monfeur De L Ejtiin£. Col. Ramfey. Prince of fiejfi- Col. Bonm. BijekveScback. Tkmm Erie, Col. Epiiiier. Col. Lumley. Sir UividCcUiitr, Lord Cuts. Co\. Per dmundoffujlin r-? For the Danijli Forces. Duke of [Virtewkri, Lieutenant-General. Marquifs de la Fm(l, Major-General. MonficurD’E^foger. 1 Brigadier-Generals. Colonel D'Ahefelt. J The reft of his Majefty’s eftablidied Forces that arc in conftant Pay, being Non-Regimented Companies, aredif- pofed of into fevcral Garifons ; the Names of which are as follow. Scrtric^, whereof Brigadier Levifon is Governour, and Colonel Rupert Billwpfley Lieutenant-Governour. There are Thirteen Companies always do Duty in this Ga- tifon. Cnrlijle, F.arl of CarliJIe, Governour. Three Companies do Duty here. Cheflir, Colonel Roger Kirby, Governour. Here are Five Companies do Duty in this Garifon. Djwr,and Cinque-Ports,Henry Vifeount i'rVncy,Governour. One Company at Dover. Gravefend, and Tilbury, Colonel Se/myn, Governour, and Colonel St. Claire, Lieutenant Governour. Five Compa¬ nies do Duty here. Guernfey, Lord Vifeount Hatton, Governour, and Cap¬ tain Alix, Deputy-Governour. Here are Six Cornpanies. H:ly Jjland, Brigadier Levifon, Governour, Dependant onBenricl;. V' ' Hull, and the Blocliimfe, Marquifs of Camartheti,.Go- vernour, the Honourable Charles Osborn Efq; Lieuten'ant-Go- vernour. Eight Companies do Duty here. - ■ llurj} Cafic, Major Holmes, Governour. 314 snijE ^jefcnt &tate Part ll Jnfey Ipnd, Lord Jemyn, Governour; Captainajr*, Lieutenant Govctnour. Seven Companies here. LanJguardForr, Admiral Ki%e«’, Governour, and Cap. tain fjanm, Licutenant-Governour. One Company does Duty here. Sc. dftwt Cape, Sir Jofeph Tredenhm, Governour. There is One Company of the neighbouring Inhabitants to repair thither by Cuftdm, whenever there (hall be Occa- j lion of Service: And the CaAle is kept by his Majehy's I Gunners. ! PendemkCape, Earl of Bath, Governour, and Cap. tain iPaddon, Deputy-Governour. Here is One Com- pany. Plimouth, and St. VkhUsJpni, ^rlof Bath, Gover- nour, and Major Huik., Lieutenant-Governour. Here arc in thisGarifon in all Eleven Companies. Pettjmmth, Lieutenant-General Tu/nMjft, Governour, and Colonel Gibfm, Deputy-Governour. There are in all Twen. ty three Companies of Foot, and Two Troops of Dta- j goons, which do Duty in thisGarifon. i SandomCape, Governour. Sheernifs, Colonel Men Ctaiapd, Governour, and Co. lonel Bjng, Depucy-Go' ernour j and Tliree Companies. ) SciU} ljUnd, EarlotSuth, Governour, Captain GcMpVa, Lieutenant-Governour. Two Companies always in Srif; Ifland, and Four Gunners only. TinmmthCaPe, Colonel FiaierJ. Governour. Two Com¬ panies there. Tower of London, wherein are always Eight Companits at conftantDuty, Roben Lord Lwac, Governour, Coloocl Farwell, Lieutenant-Governour. Here are alfo many Gun- tiers, and a Company of Miners, Captain Pits. VpnorCaflte, One Independant Company, Captain Mj- mrs, Governour and Captain. Ifle of Wight, Lord cuts, Governour. Here are Four Companies which do Duty at Cowts, Sandhant Fort, Wef' Taruioutb, Md Carkbrooke, WindfotCaPe, Duke ofjVer/oI^Conftable, Captain m Lieutenant-Governour. There is a Company of Invalids, confiding of One hundred and fifty, with proper Officetv dcci Duty thercr and at Hamfttn Court, There arc Eight Partll. of ENGLAND, Companies more during his Majefly’s Refidence in the Summer; alfo fcveral Troopsof Horfe attending thcrea- boue, befides the Detachment of his Majefty’s Guards of Horfe- amh-Tur’nmth, Four Gunners; and tlierc are many oihcr Gunners in all other his Majefly’s Garifons and Ca¬ dies, to the number fometimes of Twenty or Thirty in a Place. Caflie, Mr. Furvlet, Goyernour. Four Gunners. The Pay of the Field and Staff Officers of Foot,per tliem, is as follows, vi^. 1. s. d. The Colonel as Colonel- The Lieutenant-Colonel as 1 _ Lieutenant'Colonel J — The Major as Major- The Captain- The Chaplain-,---- The Adjutant- TheChyrurgeon--— His Mate--- Lieutenant- ■ -—» - Quarter-Maflcr and Marlhal,"! __ executed by one Perfon J 00 °° 00 04 00 DO 03 00 00 04 00 The Pay of One of tliefe Companies of Foot-Guards, when in Lmdon, or attending the Kingy per diem, is as fol- loiveth, A Captain^————-i-00 t4 00 An Enfign- do 05 00 A Serjeant-00 01 06 A Corporal and Drummer, each-00 01 00 A Private Soldier, or Sentinel-00 00 ro The firft General Officer is the Pay-Maftcr-General of ail the Land-Forces, theRiglit Honourable Jlic/wrd Earl of Kmkugh-, whofe Principal Clerks are, Major hgrm, and Mr. Roger Hem,viho is alfo Surveyor of the Guards. y 3 Mr. 326 ®je f jefnit J&tatc Part 11 . Mr. Auditor of the Mufter-Rolls. Mr. Abbot, Clerk of the Books, who have fcveral Clerks under them. The CommilTary-General of the Mullers, is the Right Honourable fienr} Earl of Suffolk,, by Patent under the Great Seal of Eng W. Next under him is David Cratvford Efq; Deputy Comif- fary-Gcneral, bv CommilTion from their Majefiics, con- Hantly reliding in London, keeps his Office at the Horfe- Guards at White-Hall, and gives from time to time fuch Orders to the Deputy CommilTaries as their Majeftics Str- vicc requires. There are Eight Deputy-Commilfaries, who have their Commiffions from the CommilTary-General; and the fcve¬ ral Counties in England and Walts are divided into Eight Circuits, and each CommilTary is to take care to mullerall fuch Forces as at any time comes into hisCi.'cuit: Immeili- atcly after each Muller is taken, the faid Dcputy-Comraiffa- rics make a Return of all theii*Rolls upon Oath to the laid David Cravfard Efq; who keeps one Roll of each Troop and Company as a Record in his Office: Another Roll is dcRvcrcdtothePay-Mafler-Gcneral, and another to the Commillioncrs of Accompts, appointed by Ad of Parlia¬ ment, all upon Oath, and ligned by the Coinmiliary, who niuflcrs them; andfigned alfoby twoCommiffion-Olficets of each Troop or Company, and the Mayor or chief Magi- flrate where each Troop or Company quarters. Thefe have theif diflind Circuits in the Country, for mullering the Forces which lie in the fcveral Garlh ns. The Secretary at War, is Williani Uathieait Efq; whole chief Clerks are Mr. Adamde Cardonnel,-3nd Mr. MelTengerto the Secretary is Mr.r/wrj?(W- Thefe Three confiderable Offices are kept atthcHorle- Guard. The Judge-Advocate, is George Clarke Efq; In theHorfe-Guards, each Troop has an Adjutant. The Mardial of the Horfe-Guards, is Mr. Smith. The Chyrurgeon-Gcneralof all their Majellies Force, is Monfieur Van Loan. 4 Part Til. of ENGLAND. Place thic betn-een ■il6 ati(l-i2y A W of the New-raifed Forces, with the Names of their Chief Commanders. Earl of MaccUfeU’s. Earl of Arrm'i. Colonel IVinifttfi. D R J G 0 0 NS. Lord dmhigh'’i. Colonel Leigii’s. Colonel IfWs from Ireland. Total, Troops Numbers and of Companies. Pri. Men, 6 354 6 354 1 354 1 1 io 5 i Troops ^Numbers and cf Companies. Pri, Men. 8 480 8 480 8 480 . 24 I 1440 foot. Colonel Gibfo»''i. Colonel Faringreti’i- Colonel Northcofs. . Colonel RifelioT Barbadces. _ Total! 44 2 % Troops and Companies '3 Numbers of Pri. Men. 7S0 780 780 500 SDlje^OjcfnuJ&ttite PartlH Captain PnWs for yWM-l i | lOO Captain V/em%. ? for j i I lOO Captain I i I Total—1 3 hoo Come from Irelanil. Troops I and Companies. Sir Hemy Bellajiis. Brigadier Stuarfs. Colonel Coot\ Colonel Rcivs. Total— 13 13 J3 51 Numben of Pri. Men. 780 780 780 780 3110 Raifing for Ire W. | Troops and Companies. Numbeis of Pri. Men. Colonel Coiirtbop’s. Lord Charhmnt’s. Lord Momitjofs. Sir Richard Atkins's. 13 13 13 n 1 650 650 650 6^0 Total— 1 52 1600 Captain Robinfoti, Provoft-Marflial- General, and 24 Men. aW OfENGLAND. 317 Pait If- J 0 of tk Commijfton and Warrant Officers and Slants belonging to the B.oj/al Hofpital at Chelfea. A Governour. A Major. Two Chaplains. A Phyfician. A Secretary. A Clerk. A Steward. A Comptroler. A Clerk of the Works. A Chyrurgeon. An Apothecary. ADeputy-Trcafurcr. An Under-Clerk of the Works. A Chyrurgeon’s Mate. A Wardiobe-keeperj and Comptroler tQ the Coal-Yard. A Malicr-Cook. A Second-Cook. A Scullery-Man. Three Under Cooks. A Mailer Butler. Three Under-Butlers. A Mader-Baker. Three Under-Bakers. A Sexton. An Ulhcr of the Hall. A Yeoman of the Coal-Yard. .. . A Porter. Two Sweepers; 3i 8 tfljegjefent&tate A Barber. A Canal-keeper. Part II, An Houfe-keeper. receive a x. each: : and Cloaths. NineEnfigns. ^ Diec and Cloathes. Sh?H»S} te&Sfc w«' s«ldte»».h «• n’hi“oS»S. Thirty two Corporals, ! At i o d. each per Week. Soldto, ,. !d.«HF Week. Allthefeare aSually maintained, as above-faid, ssk''- in the Hofpital. of ENGL AND. part II. A 0 of the prefent Numhers of Super 'anniidted ani Vifabled Out-Venfwnen belongingto tbe^ Roj[- al Hofpieal at Chelka. \ ■r\)ur Gentlemen of the Horfc-Guards, under full allow-' f ances of is. 6 d- per diem. Three Light Horfc, under allowance of i s. per diem. Fifteen Serjeants and Corporals, part under allowance of ji d, and part 7 d.per diem. Thirty private Soldiers, at 4 d. each > and for Cloaths I d. each per diem. Thirty (is Gentlemen of thcHorfc-Guards, and Corporals of Light-Horfe, under allowance of 12 d. per diem, tjjl Va¬ cancies happen. Twenty fix Light-Horfe, which receive only 6 d, each per diem till Vacancies happen. Twenty one private Soldiers, at full allowance of 5 i. per dim. Seventy fix Dmi and others, at 5 d. each per diem, till Vacancies happen. Of the Standing Militia, or Trained Bands. B Elides the forementioned Forces, there is a Standing- Militia by Land, of all England, fettled in the King, to be Governed, and Ordered, and Enlarged from time to time, as his Majelly (hall fee occafion. They are at pre- fent computed to be 200000 Horfe and Foot. For the management of thefe (landing Land Forces, the King himfelf makes choice of divers of the princi¬ pal Peers of this Kingdom, and by Commilllon creates them [Lord Lieutenants of the feveral Counties of England, j with power to Arm, Array, and Form into Companies, j Troops, and Regiments, to Conduft (upon occafion of j Rebellion or Invafion) and Employ the Men fo Armed, I within the Counties and Places for which the faid Lords | 3 rc CommilTionatcd, or into any other County, as the I King (hall give Order, to give Commilltons to Colonels, yjo -Srije gjcftiit &(nte Part II., or otlier CommilTionaccd Officers, to prcfcnc to tlie King the Names of the Deputy Lieutenants, who have, in the abfcncc of the Lord Lieutenant, the fame power; (and thefe are to be of the prime Gentry of the County ^ to charge any Perfon in the County with Horfe, Hotfe- men, and Arms, or Foot Soldiers and Arms, within the faid County proportionably to their Eftates, with limi. ration. That no Perfon be charged with a Horfe, unicfs he hath 500/. yearly Revenue, or 6ooo/- perfonal E- (late; no Perfon can be charged with a Foot Soldier, unicfs he hath 50/. yearly Revenue, or 6cfo /.perfonal Eflate; thofe that have meaner Eftates are tojoynTwo o'r Three together, to find a Horfe and Horfeman, ora Foot Soldier. The forementioned Horfe and Foot are to mufier once oV twice a Year, and each Horfeman, during the time of the Muftcr, to be allowed him, from whom he ferves, 2 s. a Day, and each Foot Soldier 12 d. aDay. A Lifl of the Names of the Lords, and ctkrs His Ma)esiys Lieutenants of the feveral Conn- ■ ties and Places ovitbin the Kingdom of England, and Dominion of Wales, put in Alpbaktical Order. Berks,Nor-t Sarrer, and > Henrj DuReof Norfolk- City of Norrrid',* Bucks, JobnEzvloiBridgemter, Cbejime, aod \ garl of IPhningfon. C\t\ ofCbeJler,S , f Warden of the Cinque-Ports, LordVifcount S/dney. Corurral, De--.w,aadljj,„ £3^) ofg,,,/;. CmbMTod\Sit John Lorrtlmof 2'" Wellmorknd, S chamberlain of his Majefty s Houftwld^^ part 11, of ENGLAND. ^31 Deifiy,ancl Wtinilimjliire, WtUimn Earl of DfuJn^jzVe, Lord Srcwaril of his Majefly’s Houlhold,. Dorfet, John Earl of Brijliil. D/iriam, and \ Ejf] of Scarlomeh. mtkmberlMd,J Ejfex, Aubrey Earlof Ox/oid. Af. and 5. Gbuc, ffereford L Charles Zid of Macclesfield. Monimiith. andC ■■ - City of Briflol, ) Hsrefordjhire, Charles Earl of Shrewsbvry. '/{mtinimfiiire, Charles Earl of Manchefler. Kent, and City'l Earl cfWeftmorland, and olCanierbury, f Henry Vifcounr Sidney. LarxiUcr, Charles Lord Brandon. Lekefierfiire, John ZasloCRutland. Aliidlefex, William Earl of Bedford, in the Minority of the Lord Riijfet. h'otihamftonjhire, Charles Earl of Monmouth, j Ox;n, yrtmerEarlofdtogrfon. Rutland, Bennet Lord Sherard. I Salop, Francis Vifeount Newport. I Seinejetfljire, James Duke of Ormond. , ! ■ I ^taffordfiire, William Lord Paget. Skjjbllf, Charles Lord Carnwallis. > Suff/x, Charles Earl of Dorfet and Middlefex. Ttreer and Hamlets, Robert Lord Lucas. ' K'arwicl:, George Earl of Northampton. Wilts,Tmmas Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery. of ! City^o^rori^’ Marquifs of Carmarthen. For furnifhing Ammunition, and other neceflaries, I the Lord Lieutenant, or Deputy Lieutenant may levy I every Year one fontthfiart (if they judge it expedient) ., 2 ffilie ^?cf£nt fetate Part n. of each Man’s Proportion in the Tax of 70000 i. a Month upon the whole Kingdom 5 and'in the cafe of marching fj aSnft an Enemy, they have Power to cjk tmj | Manfo charged, to allow each Soldier one Months Pay, which the Kmgis after to repay,befbre they may be charg. ^ ed with another Months Pay. -.t, Ainnc, ' Thefe Forces are always in readinels, with all things ne- celTary, at the beat of Drum, or Sound of Trumpet, to ap. pear Wr, and be compleat with Men, Hotfe^and Arms;, .afd are at certain times,Trained and Difciplincd, that they become able, skilful, and ufeful Soldiers. [ Thefe are to be commanded only within the Kingdom,fot i theSecurityof the King and Kingdom. , Subfetvient in the (landing MhiM, to the Lord-tieme. pant and Deputy-Lieutenant, are the Juftices of the Peace reverv County, whoupon all Occafions, according to the orders of theirkperiors, are to fend their Warrants to the High-ConClableofthe Hundred, or Petty-Conftaalc of the Parifh, &c. !l3faC0niS.l Forthebetterfeenringof the KingJora from Foreign Invafion, * of more anon;) there are upon certain Eminent Place ot , all Parts of England high Poles ereOed, whereon are faft- | nk Pitch Barrels, to be fired .byNmh^ hv Dav. thereby to give notice in few Hours to tlie wnoic KingdL of the approaching Invafi^uns: J; habitants in Arms make hafte to he Sea-Coa(b. Thele are called Beaunt, from the Saxin Word Beacon, or Beamn, to (hew by a Sign. In all times of Danger fome are let to but Inland Caftles generally have b«ndemoli(hed inl at times, or wittingly fullered to decay, that to J. might be no Shelter, to Invaders no Stay, nor to he n dedany Refuge in Flight; and 09 ''' 5 ^“'"'^/'’rhirh is may not be any lingring War again in England, which > SiegreateftMifery and Calamity that can ever happen . Nation. Part II. ofENGLilND. ;;3 In 1588. upon Expeftation of the Spavfb Amidu, ftiled InuMciWf, there went forth from the Queen Commiflions to nuirterin all Parts of £nj/ One of them, thereby to exprefs, that they ackowledge the Sovereignty of the Britifli Seal to belong to the Ring of Englard, ac¬ cording to an Ordinance made at Haftingi in Sujfex, by Jelm King of Eng/and, about Four hundred and fifty Years ago; Hiliories mention a great Fleet of JiiHw Cffar, a Fleet of the aforementioned King Edgar, confifting of Three Thoufand Six hundred Sail ; a Fleet of LewU, Son to Tii/i), King of Franee, of Six hundred Sail, that arri¬ ved at Sandivich, to afllft the Erglifi Barons againfl King John : But thofe doubtlcfs were but as fo many Cottages to Caftics, in refpeft of the prefent Ships of War. ftnryVIII- in the fifth Year of his Reign, built a Ship, then accounted the greatcfl that ever had been feen in Eng¬ land, and named it Henr) Grace de Dien, or the Great Hem }; itwasof toco Tun. In the Eightli Year of King James the Firft, was built by the Londonet r a Ship of 1200 Tun, and called Tgr: Trader hc/saft ■, which being loft in the Eafl-Indies, King Jamei canfed another to be built of i <)oo Tun; which being given to Prince Hem} was by him named the Prince. King Charles the Martyr, perceiving the great cncreafe of Shipping in out Neighbour-Nations, and that the Sove¬ reignty of thefe Seas was like to be difputed, amongft o- ther Great Ships of VVar, built one greater than any Ship of War, either in England, or in any Country of Enrope, and named it The Royal Soveraign. Eefides her we have now many br.ive Firft and Second Rate Ships; and even oitr Third Rates are now built fo large and ftrong, that they may engage fingly with a Firft Rate Ship of any other Nation. The Charges of building a Ship of the Firft Rate, toge¬ ther with Guns, Tackle, and Rigging (beftdes Viftuiiling) ■doth ordinarily amount ro about 62300 /. Thufc of low- tr Rates proportionably. To Si6 Part 111 To the Navy Royalof Eni^ requlrestem I Here follomth a Lijl of the greatefi ^ Shivs of War, -whereof Their Mpeihes^ Jdoth at conjili; together with tie iates, Tuns! Men, and Guns, of mofi of tbea according to the ufiial Ef imate sf eretn are m -, eluded the Thirty New Sht^s, built by AH if parliament. Firft Fates, Ships Names. S T. Andrew. Btittannia. Royal Charles. London. Royal Sovereign. Royal William. ViSory. 780 too 730 9^ 815 »0" 780 100 780 IOC Third Rates. Second Rates. Ships Names. Albemarle. Duke Dutchefs. St. George. Men. Guns. 660 po| £So 90 660 90 710 96 Royal Katharine. 54° 82 St- Michael. 6^° 9" Neptune. 9° OUery. <5*5° 9° Sandwich. 660 go Vanguaid. 660 90 Ships Names. \ Berwick. Burford, Breda. [ Boyne. Captain. . Cambridge. Cornwal. Devonihire. Defiance. I Dunkirk. Dreadnought. Edgar. J S: Expedition. Elizabeth, Grafton. Hope. Hampton-Court. 4S0 7 “ 460 70 380 (A 490 8a 460 70 420 70 490 80 490 8a 400 27° 51] 3d5 64 445 71 460 70 4do 70 4do 7 !> 460 70 460 7 “ I ■460 7 « EcKi i>arc II. of ENGLAND. 537 ^fen. Guns. Ships Names. Men. GunS‘ Kenc. 460 70 Greenwich 280 54 Hamplhire. . 220 40 LyoD. 270 52 King'-finier. 220 40 Moock. 270 52 Mordant. 200 40 Mary. 280 54 Newcaflle. 280 54 Monmouth. 320 58 Norwich. 200 42 ■•Mountague. 62 Oxford. 28o .54 Northumberland, 4^ 70 Referve. 200 42 Royal Oak. 470 74 Ruby. 200 42 Plymouth. 34® do Tygcr. 200 42 Rellauration. 70 Tyger, Pri^e. Woolwich. 40 Refolution. 345 do 240 4d Rupert. 6d Rocheftcr 230 48 Ruflel. 49° 80 Carlifle. 355 do Sterling Caftle. 4io 70 Portland. 230 48 Suffolk. 460 7° Winchefter 355 do Swiftfure. 420 70 Southampton. 230 48 Warfpighc. 420 70 Falmouth. 230 48 York. 340 do Dartmouth, 230 48 Humber. 450 80 Weymouth. 48 Norfolk. 49° 80 Medway. 355 do Suffex. 490 Fourth Rates. Ships Nnmn. Men. G, 80 Fifth Rates. Ships Names, Men. Guns. Affurancc. 180 42 Advice. 42 Adventure. 190 44 AmdopcJo be fold, loo 42 Conception,PnXe. 115 32 Afliftance. 230 48 Charles Galley, 32 Sr. Albans. 280 5° Dolphin. H5 2d Bonadventure. 230 48 Experiment. i'5 Briftol. 42 Faulcon. 150 36 Crown. 230 240 48 Guernfey. 28 Chatham. 44 Guardland. 130 3° Ctnturion. 230 200 48 James Galley. Ido 32 Chefter. 42 Mary Galley, 160 34 Dragon. 185 4° Mermaid. II5 32 Deptford. 280 5° Nonfuch. 150 36 Dover. 230 48 Pearl. 130 30 Forefight. 230 48 Z Pern- Ships }inmcs. Pcmbrook- Play, Priie. Portfmouth- Richmond. Sapphire. Shcernefs. Sweephakes. Sokladoes, Virgin, Pci^c. FinJIsips. Ships F.tma. dfrn. Guns Charles. lo ^ Cigneer, -5 8 / Etna. 4 ) 8 Sixth Rates. Ships Names. Men. Guns, St. Albans, Pritcc, 90 18 Difeuvery. 3 ) Difpatch. 35 '',oodwin,Pri;e. 35 6 Gernoon Packer .-I'oC. Boat. W !’• Greyhound. 75 16 Henry, i’ri^e- 7 ° ^14 julian, Pyi\e. 65 16 Lark. 7 ° Lark,Wgge/! Pri^e. jEllcpjctcut Sum , Pavtll. hi fen. Guns. I 115 3a ,3-, 30] Ts >35 ' 3 - 135 3 - i°o 4- iSo 4^ 135 32 Eagle. Flame. Griffin. Hunter. Hawk. Lightning Owners Love. Sc. Paul. Roebuck. Rofe. Speedwell. Scrumbolo. Vulture. Vulcan. Vcft'viiiS. St Vincent.. Machine. Jofeph. Grefccnt. Fortune. j 'Sr. Martin, Prize. 100 74 'Soldadocs. 75 >6 Sally Rofe. ' 80 ij Swift. 80 10 Shark. 30 Wild. Rupert, Pii^e. Pearl, Prize- Diligence Erigan. Spy Brigantine. Adventure, Prize- 85 18 . S12G. ^5 \ 6P. 75 i3 85 >3 r6P, ;6P. laf. Weffds Men. Oms. Salamander. Pheenix. Fire-Drake. Part II- Bomb-Vejfil’- GranadO' Serpent. Mortar. Albrougli. Eaglet Hind, Providence. Quaker. Of ENGLAND. Marygold. Nonfuch. .Sophia. Supply. TranCporter. Unity Horfcboac. Unity. Smacks, Royal Efcape. Little London. Shccrnefs. Flemifh Longboat. Hulks. Charlotte. 3 ° Cleaveland. Fubbs. 4° Henrietta. 30 Ifabella. 45 Ifie of Wight. 6 Jemmy. 5 Kitchen Bomb. 30 Katharine. 30 Marline. 30 Monmouth. 40 Mary. 30 Navy. 35 Vortfmouth Sloop. £0 Quinborough. 4 Poezdyke. 3 5 Hcyes. Delight. Lighter. 8 Arms of Horne. Arms of Rotterdam. II French Ruby. 8 Sr. George. > 10 Two Tow-Boats. 4 Leopard, Puntoon. //'ernt Cadiz. 8 Plymouth. 10 Tow Engine. 8 Magdalen, Priie. 8 St. David. 8 16 BK Store-Ship. Men. Guns, Canterbury. .35 ft Succefs. LFifth Katharine, 30 4 part II. 340 %\}t ^jefent &tate The management of all the Naval affairs of E«g/(ind was very anciently committed to Three l^rds AdmmU of England-, One for the North, another for the South, and the third for the Weft divifion. Afterwards it was intrufted folely in One, and Richard rundel was the firft foie Admiral of Englmd that we read of. At prefent the Admiralty of England \i in CommifliOD, and the prefent Commifiionets thereof are, Lord FaulkJand, Mr. Prieftman, Col. Auhii) I Rob-Rich Sir John Lowthcr, Secretary, /amer Sof/jeme, Efq; They Sit at the Admiralty Boufe at Wcflmkfler, adjoining The Lord High-Admiral Hath under him many Offi¬ cers of high and low Condition; fome at Sea, others at Und; fome ofaMilitary, fomeofa Civil Capacity; fome Judicial, others Minifterial. So that the Dominion and iurisdiftion of the Sea may juftly be ^ed anojer commonwealth, or Ringdomapart; /n Afar//»nt ilegw dijlinlla, idque jure gentium, ficnt in artda Terra, (mh Bd- dus, thatleLed Oracle of the Civil Law : And the Lord High Admiral of ffngtorfmay fitly be ftilcd, or at caff reputed,as a Vice-roy of the Maritime Kingdom of Engtai There is not any Vice-Admiral of England now ; tnat Office was lately enjoyed by the Lord Torrington, who held it by Patent Durante beneplactio 01 the King, ai^ was Lieutenant of the Admiralty, Navies, and Seas of Enehmd, with wages and Fee of lo s. per diem, and 10 . ff/Monthfor i6 Men to each of them, accounting 28 his Place, appoint in divers parts of the Kingdom hi feveral Pice-Admirals, with their Judges ^arffiah by Patent, under the Great Seal of the high Court of Admi rally. Thefc Vice-Admirals and Judges do exotoifc Ju- ritai^B in Matwrae afeirs wnbiu their fcvetal Limn , Partll. of ENGLAND. 34, and in afe any Perfon be aggrieved by any Sentence or Interlocutory Decree that hath the force of a definitive Sentence, he may appeal to the high Court of Admiralty- The l^ice-Jiimiralties of And Names of the fe- England and Wales. Si •vnal Vice-Admirals. C Ornml North parts. Cotttwal South parts. Ckjler, City and Coun-"? tyof the fame. j Dewtifhire Dotfet, and Town and") County of Foil. f Durhm Eifhoprich,, ^ Norihumbcrlan^ and> Newcajlk, i Gbcefier, Kent, UiKoln, and Aqms Aninjlis. Lancitller. Ktufolh,. SnJJex. SoMhamptatijOt I{awpjbire,\ andthel/le of Wight, j Somerfet, and City, and^ County of Brijlnl. J Tcrh_- Wales South parts. Wales North parts. Sir Jonath, Molefmrth, Knt. Sit JonathanTrelamey, Bar. Charles Lord Brant/on. George Cmtne/, Efq; AnthonpEztlof Shafts bury. Earl of Scarborough. Kdmard Cary, Efq; Sir John Cni/e, Bar. Henry Lord VifcountSii/nfi. George Vifeount Caftkton. Charles Lord Brandon, Sir Henry Hobbard, Bar. Sir Thomas Allen, Bar. Sir John Pelham, Bar. Marquifs of Wincloefter. Sir Edurard Phillips, Knt. The Earl of Carbery. Sir Will, li'illiams. Baronet. Court of aihmiraltp. For tranfafling of Maritime Aftairs, the Lord High Ad¬ miral hath Courts of his own, whereof that at London is the Principal or Supreme, where all Procefs and Proceed¬ ings run in his Name, and not in the Kings, as it doth in 341 JClje ]pjcfcnt &tate Part li. in all Common Law Courts. In this Court, ufijally cal. led the Com of Admiralty, he hath a Lieutenant called Judge of the Admiralty, who is commonly fome learned Dr. of tlie Civil Law, and is at prefent Sir Charier Hed¬ ges, Knight. The proceedings in this Court, in all Civil Matters,' is according to the Civil Law, bccaufe the Sea is without the Limits of the Common Law, but under the Admirals Jurifdiftion, therefore the Civil Law only fall Common Lawfecluded) is madcufeof, and by Libel they proceed to the Aflion, the Plaintiff giving caution to profecute the Suir, and to pay what fhall be judged againft him, if he fail in the Suit; the Defendant on the contrary, fecuring the Plaintiff, by fufficient furcty of caution, as the Judge fhall think meet, that he will appear in judg¬ ment, and pay that which fliall be judged againfl him, and that he will ratifie and allow all that his | Pro- flor fliall do in his Name, whereby the Clients are well affured to obtain that which by Law (hall be judged to them, let the caufe fall on which fide foever. In ihc Admiralty Cotsn of England ufe is made not on¬ ly of the Civil Laws, but the Laws of Rhodes and Oleron, whereof the former is an Ifland in the Mediterranean Sea, about 20 miles diftant from the Continent of Afia Mi¬ nor, and is now under the Turk, the ancient Inhabitants whereof, by their mighty Trade and Power at Sea, grew fo expert in the Regulation of all Maritime matters and differences, and their determinations therein were eftcem- ed fo Jufl and Equitable, that their Laws in fuch affairs have ever (ince beer, obferved for Oracles. Tliofc Laws were long ago incorporated into the Volumes of the Civil Law; and tile Homans, who gave Laws to other Nations, and excelled all Nations in making of good Laws, yet for their Sea Affairs referred all Debates and Contrq- verfics to the judgment of thefe Rhodian Laws.' Oleron is an Ifland anciently belonging to the Crown of England, feared in the Bay of /tquitain, not far from the mouth of the Garonne, where our famous Warriour King Richard the Firft, caufed to be compiled fuch ex¬ cellent Laws for Sea matters, that in the Ocean Sea, Weflv/ard, they Iiad almoft as much repute as the Rhodi- Partll ofENGLA-ND. 345 on Laws in tile Meditenaman, and thefe Laws were cal¬ led lo Koo/4’(j/cren. King EdiVitrdUl. (^who firrt creSed this Court of Ad- mhal'y, asfome hold) made at (luinhmih, 11^75. vxry excellent Conlliiutions concerning Maritime Afiairs, and many Statutes and Ordinances have been made by other Princes and People,as at Rmi,Pif^fieim,y,.vjeii!es,liiirceh- iM, and Me(fwit, yet that Fragment of the Rkduw Law Hill extant, with the Comments thereon by the old ju- ris Confults, inferred in the P.wdells, and the conAttu- tions made by the Eowm Emperors, contained in the Code, and in the Novcllcs, hill holds the pre-eminence. The CuAoms and former Decrees of the En^lijh Come of Admiralty arc there of force for deciding of Con- trovcrlics. Under this Court there is alio a Court of Eqiiit) for determining Differences between Merchants. In Ciiminal Affairs, which is commonly about I’irMj, the proceeding in this Court was by Accufation and In¬ formation, according to the Civil Law, by a Man’s own Confeflion, or Eye Witneffes, found guilty before he could be Condemned; but that being found inconve¬ nient, there were Two Statutes made by Hen VIII. that Criminal ASiiirs (hould be tried by WitnelTes and a Ju¬ ry, and this by fpecial Conimiirion of the King to the Lord Admiral, wherein fomc of the Judges of the Realm are ever Coiiimillionerf, and theTryal, according to the Lawsof EniUnd, direffed by thofc Statutes. Between the Common Law of England and the Admi¬ ralty, there feems to be divifnm Imperium-, for in the Sea, fo far as the Low-Watec-mark is obferved, that is counted lnfi-,1 Corpm Comitmiii ad’iacenl'n , ami Caufes thence arifmg arc determinable by the Common Laws; yet when the Sea is full tlie Admiral hath jurifdiftion there alfo (fo long .is the Sea flows) over Matters done between the Low Water-mark and the Land, as appears ill Sir Henry Coiifl.iWe’sCafe. 5 Repnt, Cofx. P. icy. For Regulating ami Ordering their Majeflics Navies, Ships of tVar, ami Forces hy Sea, fee tliofe excellent Articles and Orders in Sim. 13. Car. II. Cap. 9. Of JClje f jefent ^tate Part II. of the N A V y*0 F F I C E where the whole Bi'finefs concerning the Kings NAVY- R O Y A L managed. T H E management of the Navy-Royal under the Lord HIGH ADMIRAL of EnglmJ, isentrufted with the principal Officers and CommilTioners of the Navy. The Principal Officers are Four. BCrrafurer.] The firfl is the Honourable Edmrd Rnjjel, Efq; Treafurcr of the Navy, whofe office is to receive out of the Exchequer by Warrant from the lord Treafurer of England, or Lords Commiffioners exe¬ cuting that place, and to pay all charges of the Navy, by Warrant from the principal Officers of the Navy; for which he had formerly a Salary of 220/. 13 a. 4 if. pet ydw«m,befides3 d.yerpound out ofall Moneys paid by him; but hath now an Honourable allowance certain from his Majefly in lieu thereof, v/;^. 3000 /. per Annum , and Boo/, per Annum more for his Inftruments. Cafhier Anthsn) Stephens, Efq; Paymaffer, George Dod- dington, Efq; Comptroller.] The Second is the Comptroller of the Navy, Sir Richard Hadinii, whofe Office is to attend andcomptrolall Payments of Wages, to know the Market Sates of all Stores belonging to Shipping, to examine and audit all Treafurers, Viftuallers, and Store-keepers Ac- compts,e 5 rc. His Salary is 500/. yearly. &Urt)cpo,l.] The third is the Surveyor of the Navy, Edmund Bummer Efq; whofe Office is generally to know the State of all Stores, and fee the Wac.ts fupplycd, to Purvey the Hulls,Mafl5,and Yardt,and cflimate the value of Repairs bylndetturc; to charge all Boatfwains and Carpenters of their MajeAies Navy, with what Stores they receive y and at the end of each Voyage, to Hate and audit their Ac- part II. of ENGLAND. 34.5 counts; his Salary is 500 /. per Annum. Hk Afljflant is Mr. Dnnid Purser, Clerfi Of The fourth is Clerk of the Afls, c'hurler Sar^ijin Efq-, whofe Office is'to record all Orders, ContraSs, Bills, Warrants, and other Eufinelfes tranfafted by the Principal Officers and Commiffioners of the Navy, ai the Salary of ^ool. per Annum. His Affiftanc is Mr. K'iW- m Vale ; Sal. 300 /. per Annum. The Cmmijfioneri of the Kuvy, Firft is Samuel Pett Efg; who executes that pare of the Comptroller of the Navy’s Duty, which relates to the Coraptrolling of the Viftuallers Accompts ; Salary is 500 / per Annum. His Affiftant, Mr. Timm Colebp ; his Sal. 300 /. per Annum, Thomas Wilffiaw Efq; who executes another parr of the faid Comptrollers Duty, relating to the Comptrol of the Accompts of the Store-keepers of the feveralYards; hi yearly Sal. is 500 1. Venn'u Lydetal Efq; Comptroller of the Treafurer’s Ac- compt; his Salary ^001. per Annum. Bcr.jamk TitweB’e//Efq; who refides at Portfmouth, and has the care of managing of their Majeftics Navy at that Port; his Sil ^001. per Annum- Sir Edraard Gregor)', who refides at Chatham, and has the fame Charge of Aftairs in the King’s Yard there; his Sal. 500 /, per Annum. Other Commiffioners of the Navy are. Sir George Roo^ Knight, John Hill Efq; Sir Chudejly Shcrvel Knight,- Greenhill Efq; which lad attends at Plymouth- ; Salary to each 500 /. per Annum. The aforefaid Principal Officers and Commiffioners, do hold their Offices by Patent under the Great Seal of Eng¬ land. And fince the great encreafe of their Majeftics 34^ mje gjcfent &tafe Part 11. owedbytheKing.fortliedifpatdiof the Bufinef},of the Navy, under their refpeftive Managements. [Commiffionrrff foj (iilittuaUing tljeiliaijp.] The viaualling of their Majedies Navy hatli formerly been undertaken byContraft, but is now managed by Com- milTion, and cntruftcd to T/:omf PipiUm Efq; I Huitiphrcji Ayles Efq; Simm Mm Efq; Fielding Efq; JdnAgeTpfq-, 1 with the yearly Salary of 400 l.per Annum each. Cafliicr, Philip PapillimZitp, Sil.^oo l.per Annum. garOjEf.] There are belonging to their Majedies Na¬ vy,’fix great Yards, vi^. Chnthnm, Deptford, Woolmkh, PortfmoMli, Sheernefr, and Plimouth, where their Majedies Royal Ships are laid up in Harbour ; which Yardsare fit¬ ted with feveral Docks, Wharfs, Lanches and graving places, for the Building, Repairing, and Cleaning of their Majedies Ships, and therein are lodged great quantities of Timber, Mads, Planks, Anchors, and other Materials. There are alfo convenient Store-houfes in each Yard, in which are laid up vad quantities of Cables, Rigging, Sails, Blocks, and all other forts of Stores, needful for their Ma- jediesNavy Royal. In thefe Yards are employed divers Officers, the Principal whereof, with their Yearly Salaries, are as At Chatham. rr Sal; Clerk of the Cheque, Jeremy Gregory. Store-keeper, Baldwin Duppa. SampfonBowrne. j^ader Attendants .• each Tmmas Jennings, y Mader Shipwright, Robert Lee. ■ ..TA (William Bagwett. HisAffidants, Clerk of the Survey, C/wr/erF;Wr, Mader Calker, Robert Shortis. part II. of ENGLAND. Dcpcford. Clerk of the Cheque, Jofeph Fomei. Store-keeper, Francit Hifier. Mafter Attendant, John Btnbord. Mailer Shipwright, Fiflier Harding. HisAffiftant, John Miller. Clerk of the Survey, iViltiam Dormer. Woolwich. Clerk of the Cheque, Abraham Tilghman. Store-keeper, Robert Smith. Matter Attendant, Edirard Alford. Matter Shipwright John Latvrence, His Attiftant, William Bond. Clerk of the Survey, John Pelham. Portfmouth. Clerk the of Cheque, Dan. Grahm. Store-keeper, William Cooper. Mafter Attendant, Udmnnd Barret. Mafter Shipwright, William Stigant. His Attiftant, Thomas Podd. Clerk of the Survey, Johntippits. Sheernefs. Clerk of the Cheque, Bichard Hale. Store-keeper, John Daniel. Mafter Attendant-, Abraham Potter. Mafter Shipwright, Zachary Medbmy. Clerk of the Survey, John Philips. Plymouth. Clerk of the Cheque, John Addis. Store-keeper, Richard Gafelee. Mafter Attendant, Thomas Tollard. Mafter Shipwright, Elias Waffe. His Afllllant. ■ Clerk of the Survey, Rich.trd Lee. Mafter Calker, Henry Deal. 147 iSi 305 124 133 C70 II4 195 259 124 i 5 r 055 101 115 ijt 131 odi mte, That the Charges of the Clerks and Inftruments, are included in the Salaries before-mentioned. ■ ■ The 348 PartD, The King hath alfo another Yard at mrwich, which is chiefly made ufe of in the times of fome great Sea- War. and there are alfo Officers to take care of theStore- Befides the aforementioned Yards, his Maiefty hath di¬ vers great Rope-Yards, as itWoolmch Chaiham^^^^^ ?5rc. wlierein are made Cables, and all forts of Cordage for **'Au'the fafd Officers, and whole Navy-Office, are govern¬ ed by the Lord High-Admiral of £ng/W. . , All the other Under Officers, as well thofe in thefeveral Yards, as thofe belonging to any of their Majcftics^ hold their Places by Warrant from the Lord High Admiral, durante ieneplacite. ril geargf Cljarge of tf)e iliab})] The ordinary Charge of their Majefties Navy for a Year, in times of Peace, continuing m Harbour, isfo well regulated, that it amounts to fcarce “ all Charges of Building of Ships, &c, and befides the fa¬ ting forth of Fleets, which even at the time svhen we had only a War with A/giers, amounted at l^ft to 3°°°°° '• per Annum, as. may be eafily computed by the "“mber Men at Sea in Pay, which were at feweft, fupppfed to be <5000, and arc always reckoned to ftand the King4 '• per Menfem each Man, including all Charges, as Viauals, Wages, wear and Tear, dSrt. THE Part III. ?49 THE PRESENT STATE O F ENGLAND. PART III. Of Manners, Cuftoms, Laws, ^c. CHAP. I. Of Religious Matters^ viz. Of the Clergy ; Their Name, Orders, Vrtvikdges, R^tvcnues, Munifi¬ cence, &c. ^Ifo of ViJJinters from the Efiabli- pied Church. |?amesf.3 'TT' we clergy fo called, bccaufe they arc I God’s KAHf©- or Portkn ; for al- J though all Chriftians may he ftiled God’s Portion, as well as Cod’s Servants-, yet amongftChri- Aiabs, thofe Perfons whom God hath fee apart, and fepa. rated from common Ufc to his Service, robe, as it were, Vr - . Co^e, 4. Injfir. P. 47. After the Confirmation then according to the King’s Mandate, is the Solemn Confecration of the Elcded Bi- fhop; which is done by the Archbilhop, with the AlTiifance of Two other Bifhops, in manner following : Upon Come Sunday or Holy day, after Morning-Service, the Archbilhop beginneth the Communion-Service ; after a certain Prayer appointed for this Occafion, one of the Bifhops there prefent readeth the Epifile, i Tim. g. Ano¬ ther readeth the Gofpel, John 21. and after the Uicene Creed, and a Sermon preached by fome Learned Divine up¬ on the Occafion, the Elefted Bifhop, veiled with his Ro¬ chet, or Linen Garment, is by Two Bifhops prefented to the Archbilhop, or fome other Bifhop commilfioned by him, fitting in his Chair, who demands the King’s Mandate for the Confecration, and caufes it to be read: Then the Eleft_Bifhop takes the Oath of Supremacy and of Canonical Obedience to the Archbilhop. And after divers Prayers, and feveral Interrogatories put to the Bifhop, and his Anfwers, the reft of the Epifcopal Habit is put up¬ on him; and after more Prayers, theEleft Bifhop kneel- cthdown, and the Archbilhop and Bifhops there prefent lay their Hands on his Head, and by a certain Pious, Grave Part III. of ENGLAND, 553 Form of Words, tliey Confecrate Iiim : Afterwards the Archbiniop doth deliver to the Bifliop Elcft a Bible, with another fct Form of Words, and fo all proceed to the Communion Service ; and having received the Sacrament and ihc ElefTing, they repair from Church to Dinner, wliicli IS at die Charge of die Eiftiop Eleft, and is ufually very fplendid and magnificent •, the greateft of the Nobili- iy,Clcrgy,Judges,l’rivy-Counccliors,j9c' honouring, it with their I’rcfcncc ; die Expcnces whereof, with Fees of Con- fccration, amounting ordinarily to Six or Seven hundred rounds. This Form and Manner of Confccrating Eifhops is ac¬ cording to the Rule laid down in the Fourth Councilof Cnrtlm^c, about tile Year 470. generally received in all the Provinces of the WefternChmh. Note, That by our Order of Confecrating Eilhops, it is evident Bidiops are look’d upon as a diftinft Order of them- fclvcs; and not only as a ditlerent Degree fromthe reft of the Presbytery, as fome would have it. Next goes forth a Mandate from the Archbilhop tothe Archdeacon of his Province, to inftall the Bifliop Elefled, Confirmed, and Confecrated ; Which Inftalmcntisalmoft on the fame manner in all Cathedrals, and is ufually thus ; Upon any Day, between the Hours of Nine and Eleven, in the Preftnee of a publick Notary, the Eiftiop Eleft, or his Prosy; which is ufual, is introduced into the Cathe¬ dral Church by the Archdeacon of Cmerburj ; by whom all the Eifhops of that Province are inftalled,(orclfebyhis Proxy fometimes;) and firft he declares his Aflent to the- King’s .Supremaev, and fwears. That unlefs he be otherwife difpcnccri with, he will be refident according to the Cu- ftomof that Cathedral, and obfetvc the Cuftoros of the faitl Church, andcaufcotheisto obferve the fame. Then the Archdeacon, with the Peity-Caiions, and Officers of tlieCiiurcIi, accompany the Eiftiop up to the Quire; and there place him in the Scat prepared for the Bifttops, between the Altar and the Right fide of the Qiiirc; and then the Archdeacon pronounces thefe Words in Lat'm, Egoau- ikiitaie mihi commijfa, mduco inthmigo Referendum in Cetijlo Pntrem Dmmm N. N. r.iifcipim, ^ Domhus 554 State Part III. cufldt/iat /mm infmm exitm cx hoc mac, eJr in /ecu- Im, S:c. Then the Sub-Dean, and the Petty-Canons fing the Te Deum, mean while the Bifhop is again conduaed from his own place to the Deans Seat, and there, in token of taking real PolTeflion, he ftands till Ti Ikm is ended, together with other Prayers, the Archdeacon reading fome Verft- cles, as. 0 Lord/ave (hit th} Servant N. ourBi/hof, (the People anfweriiig ) And fend him Health from thy Hoi) rlace, &c. Then the Archdeacon reads a fitort Collea for the Bifhop by Name. After Prayers the Bifhop is con¬ duaed into the Chapter-Houfe, and there placed on a high Seat. Then the Archdeacon, and all the Prebends and Officers of the Church, come before the Bifhop, and acknowledge Canonical Obedience to him. Finally, the publick Notarv is by the Archdeacon required to make an Inflrument," declaring the whole Matter of Faa in this Afiiir. Then the faid Biihop is introduced into the Kings Pre- fence, todo his Homage for his Temporalities or Barony, by kneeling down, and putting his Hands between the Handsof the King, fitting in a Chair of State, and by ta¬ king ofa Solemn Oath to be true and faithful to hisMajelly, and that he holds his Temporalities of him. Laftly, the new Bifhop compounds for the Firff-Fruits of his Biflioprick. that is, agrees for his Firfl Years Pro¬ fits, to be paid to the King within Two Years or more, if the King pica fcs. The Tranflation of a Biffiop from one Bifhoprick to a- iiothcr, dilTers only in this from the manner of makinga a Biihop, that there is no Confccration. The Tranflation of a Bifhop tobeArchbilhqp,differson. ly in the Commillion, which is direffed by his Majefly to Four or more Bifhops to confirm him. Note, that the Dif¬ ference between an Archbifhop and a Bifhop is, that the Archbilhop ivith other Bifhops doth conlecrate a Bifiiop, as a Biihop with other Priefis doth ordain a Priefl; the Archbifhop vifns the whole Province, the Biihop only his Diocefs: The Archbilhop can convocate a Provincial Synod, the Biihop only a Diocefan Synod: The Archbifhop is Ordi¬ nary to, and hath Canonical Authority over all the Bifhops Partin. of ENGLAND. of ills Province, as the Bifhop hath over all the Pricfls of his Diocefs. None may be admitted a Bilhop till he is full Thirty Years old. The Ordination of Ptiefls and Deacons is Four times the Year, upon Four fevcral Sundays in the Ember , or Fa. fims Weeks, fo appointed, firft, by the Holy Mar¬ tyr Bilhop of Rome, about the Year of our Lord 210. that foall the Nation may at once in their joint Pray¬ ers to God, recommend them that are to receive Ordina¬ tion; which is performed by a Bilhop in a Solemn, Gravcj Devout manner, thus ; iSracoriS-] The Perfon to be ordained, bringing a Certificate to the Eillinp, from the Coiledge where he Ial1 reftded, or unler the Hands of Three reverend Divines, whokncsvhim for Three Years laft pad, touching his Life and Converfation, his Abilities, his Principles, and Af- feflion towards Church and State; the Billiop and his chaplains do feverally examine him in Latin, as a farth.cr. Proof of his Abilities and Proficiency in Theology ; and if he be found fit, and he of due Age, 'wt;- Twenty three Years old complcat, and have a Title, that.is, I’refentati- or. to fome Vicarage or Curacy. (For if the Bilhop or¬ dains any one before he be provided with a Maintenance, the Billiop himfclf isbound to maintain him till he be far¬ ther provided for ;) Then the Bifhop proceeds to Ordi- After Morning Prayer, there is a Sermon; declaring the Duty and Office of Deacons and Priclis; then every one to be ordained, being decently hahited, arc prefenced to the Bilhop by tlie Archdeacon or his Deputy, whom the Billiop aslis, if he hath made due Inquiry of them ; and then asks the People, If they know any notable Im¬ pediment or Crime in any one of them. After follow certain Godly Prasers; Then a Colleft, Epilile, and Go- fpcl Put before the Gofpel, the Oath of Supremacy is adminiflred to every one cif them; and the Eifiiop put- teth divers Godly C^efiiors to them ; which being anfwe- ted, they all kneel, and he laying his Hands upon themfe- vcrally, doih ordain them Deacons; then delivers to eve- 556 jrijc pjffcnt &tatc Part III, ryoncof them the NewTciaamenr, and gives them Au- thority to read the fame in the Church : Then one of them, appointed bv the Didiop, reads the Gofpel; and then all, with the Bilhop, proceed to the Communion and fo arc difmiflcd with the Eltliing pronounced by the Bifhop. 3&2ifffjg.3'''lie Ordination of l’ried5,is partly in the fame manner, onlv the Ep'.ftle and Gofpel atcdiflerent; andaf- terthequefiionsand Anfwers made, the Bilhop puts up a particular I’rayer for them; and that ended,he dclircs the Congregation to recommend them to God Iccretly in their Prayers; for doing of which there isa competent time of general Silence; then follows Ken-’ CiWitv Si'iritia in Me¬ tre to befung ; then after another Prayer, they all kneel- ing, the Bifliop, with One or T.vo of the grave Priefis there prefent, layeth his Hands noon the Head of every onecfthemfcvcrally, and gives them Ordination, in a grave fetFormof Word;, different both from that of _Bi- lhops,and that of Deacons; the reft as in the Ordaining of Deacons. None is to be 0 'dained Prufl till he oe twenty four years of age, nor a Deacon under twenty three. Haw a Chrgywivi bccofues fettkd i) Liv:vg. Upon the Vacmey of a Church hy death of the lad In¬ cumbent, Refigaation, or cite like, the Clergyman defiring tofuccccd, muffjuffly, honourably, and fairly procure a Prefentation from the true Patron : And he mud take fpecially care that be doth not procure it by any Promife, Contraft, or Agreement, direfiiy orindireftly, which may make him become 'iimo'-uicm ; or that any Body on his behalf make any fuch Contraft or Agreement, he himfelf being privy or not privy thereto, v/herehy he may en¬ ter tlie Church Simonwee; for that’s the Didinftion; and both Cafes of Svmmacus, and Simmme arc utterly unlaw- ful. and fo much the more h.einous, becaufe Perjury mud enfue: For no one can be admitted into a Benefice before betake a Solemn Oath againd Simmy, Tlwt he is not tiireftly or indireftly privy to any fuch Agreement; and if any Partin. of ENGLAND. 357 any one unknown to him, hacli on his behalf, made any fuch Simmicd Contraft, tliat he will in no wifeftand by it, or aniwer it. Now b) Symony is undcrftood, not only an agreement for Money in hand paid, or yearly to be allowed, but ali- quid iilitid emolumentiim pa'.') tutificMeme, as the Words of t'acEngiifh Canon arc. Am ija9. Unda-md; any ether Profit, Emolument, or Advantage ; and the Words of the Stitinte of 3 r Elix. c.6. are. Sunt of MJitef,Retirardfiifl,l'rofit, or Biitejit, dircUh or indire'll), fir or by reafon of nn; Prondfe, Alrcemeit, Grunt, Bond, Co-anuiit, or f iber /iffuraiice, &c. And this holds not only in Acceptance of a Living, but likewife ill exchange or rclignaricn. The Penalty of this Siatute is that the corrupt Patron (ball lofethe next Prcfencation to the King, and forfeit Two Years value of the l iving not according to the Valuation in the King’s Books, but according to the true and ut- moll Value of the Church. And the corrupt Incumbent (hall be for ever difabled to have and enjoy the fame Living. Having therefore obtained the confe.tt of the Patron Latvfully and Honourably, he muft get a Prefentation (ign- ed and fealed by him in this or fome fuch like Form. Form of a Preftntacion to a Living. Revsrendoin Ctmfto Patrtfy Domino, D-divinapermiffione, L. Efifopo ejiifve vk.irio in fpirminlibur generaH, A. B. Ar- miior, Mubitatiis P.itfonnt Ecckfi.e parochiitlii dc C. inComi- tjfii D. Sfihtem in Domino Sempirernam, Ad Ecclefiam de C. prstdi'.U'n veftrs Discefios modi per mortem, f if void by thedcathofthe lafl Incumbent; M,modoper rep^n.mnem, if by refignation ; or, per Cepknem, if by taking a Second Living without Quahficiiion ; or, per deprivalioneni, if-by deprivation } E. F. n/rimi itxumbsntii ibidem j.im vnenn- Pm, fyad meam donutionem pleno jure fpellantem ■, diledum mihiin ebrijh, G. H. Clerictlm inAriipns Magiftriim Enter- niiaii nejlr£ pnfenlo, bumilher Supphcitns quatenus prnfa- lum, G. H. nd diltnm Eccleftnm ndmiltere, tiimqj ReRorem, fif it be a Reftory, or Vicnrkm, if a Vicarage) ejufdem Eulefii inflitiiere cum fuU juribus, rfsp pertinenttk univerfu. 558 JEljc ^?cffnt ^tate Partin. tsteraq-,expedire, irpirit£sre qiix yeflro in hac parte ir,cunt- bunt Officio paliorali, dignemini earn fawn- In cujiis rei te/li- moniun: hit prnfentibtis ligillum meum oppofui; Datum die M. annoq-, Regni Domini mjhi ds Domini Willicimi d? Matii, Dei Sratia, Angllz, Scoti®, Francis, 6" Hibernis, Regit dy Regina, Fidei Defenforum, &c. Shinto', Annoq-, Domini, 1693. Which Prefentation, the Clerk prefented muft carry to theBifiiopof that Diocefs, in which the Church is, or to his Vicar-Gcncral; or if the Eilhoprick be vacant, to the Guardian of tlie Spiritualities. And he muft carry with hill), and exhibit, if required, LcttersTcftimonials, either fiom theMafter and Fellows of the Collcdge where he lall refided, or under the Hands and Seals of Three at leak, Keverend Divines, who knew him well for Three Yearslaft paft, who can give a good account of his Vertue, Uni¬ formity, arid Learning, in this or fome fuel) like Form. Form of aTeftimonial. Cum Antiquus d; probgtus Ecclefn Anglican,e mot, fit, ut qui ad literarum liiidium, vita probitatem ad'junxerint publico hi- minumfde dignorm tefimonio honcflarentiir nos quorum hWt- ra infra feripta funt teftamur ptrquam ernditam {7 dilellum mbit in Clirijio, A. B rn Artibus Magiftrum per triennium proxi¬ mo e/apfum affiduam Officio fuooperam dedip, litamq-, diim- ret fios pie p fobrie inflituijfe ; dignmqfqudkamus qui ad qmi libeimunusin Ecclefa promnieatur, dr quam de eo opinionem mcepimus eandem apudomnes libere profitemur- In ciijus rii tefiimonium ffigiSanffiraprafentibiis appofuimus Dat. die. M, Ann. Dorn, 16 Such a Teftimonialasthis is always indifpcnfably requi¬ red, before Holy Orders arc conferred j and fometimesthe Eifhop demands it even from a Prieft, before he admits him to a Benefice. Note, That if any one living in a certain Diocefs, and not in either of theTwoUniverfities, gototheBilhopof a- Bother Diocefs for Orders, he muft have Letters DiJmijforj &om the Bilhop of that Diocefs where he laft relidcd, to Partlir. of ENGLAND. 3J9 the other Bilhop ; andfohe ought to have if he goes fora Livi.g. Note alfo, Thai the Prcfentation muft be tendered to the Bilhop within an Hundred eighty two Days after the living is vacant, elfcitlapfes to the Bilhop-, and if the Ei- lliop then doth not collate in half a Year more, it lapfes to the Archhilhop ; and if the Archbilhop doth not col- laie in half a Year more it lapfes to the King; and the next Prcfentation continues fo, till the King (if the Living be 20 /. per amiim, in the Valuation Book, cr the Lord Keeper, if under io/J pr£fcnts,be itwhenit willj'for, HulIum Tenipiis ocemit Regi. After this the Perfon to be admitted is examined, and if he be found duly qualified, the Billiop or his Surrogate, inftitutes him in thclc or other Words : Injlitua re Relkrm EaUfis Vimcbklit di C. & habere curam animanim ds accipe mam turn is Then a Mandate is ilTued out under the Bifhop’s Seal, to the Archdeacon of the place ; who himfcif, orbyfomc Clergyman whom he fliall appoint, is to iiiduft the Clerk in¬ to his Living 5 which is done by delivery of the Bcll- ropc; and then the new inllitutcd Clerk being left alone in the Church, he tolls the Bell; and now he is in- dufted. Within Two Months after this, he muft, in the faid Church, during Divine Service, (i. e. after fome part of the Church-Service, and before the whole is liniftied) read the Thirty nine Articles of Religion, and declare aloud his un¬ feigned Aftenc and Conftnc to all that is therein contained politively, and without any Referve, O.ie or Two fub- ftantial Pariftiioners reading along with him, who may tcftific he omitted no part. Likewife within Two Months after his fndudfion, he muft read the Book of Common Prayer upon fome Lord’s Day, that is, the whole Service of the Church appointed for that Day, as it is there appointed, and likewife declare his Aflent and Confent to all therein, fontained in thefc Words; /, A- B. do declare wy unfeigned Ajfent and Confent, to all and ever) thing contained and preferibed in and b) the Boal^, iniitiiled. The Book of Common Prayer, and Adminiftration of the A a 4 Sacra- •3,60 SCIie \Djeftnt &£ate Part III. Sacraments, and other Rites and Ceremonies of the Clmcin according to the nfe of the Church of England ; together rriti ■ri'cPfalttr or IM'almse/ David, fointed as they are tobejmi or faid in Churches ; and the Form and Afanner of Making, Ordaining, and Confecrating of Bijhpt, Prtejis , and Dia- And whereas before he be infiituccd, he muft fubfcri'uc to trds Declaration following ; 7, A. B. Do declare, That no Foreign Prince, I’ct. fn. Prelate , State or Potentate, hath, or ought to hau anr Jurtjdtllm, power, Sitperwity, Preeminence, or Authorit). Ecclefiallical or Spiritual within this Realm ; And that I will conform to the Liturgy of the Church of Eng¬ land, as it IS now by Law ejiablified, After he hath fubferibed this Declaration , he mud have a Certificate from the Bi/hop; or, ifyc. of his Subferip- tion to the faid Declaration. So hkewife within Three Months after his Inflitutioii, upon fome Lords Day, during Divine Service, he iniilt publickly and openly read his Certificate from the Bi- fiiop, of his Subfeription to the faid Declaration, and he mull at the fame time read the faid Declaration it felf. And if he hath failed in any of thcaforefaid things,he hath forfeited hisLiving. And whenever any I’arfon or Vicar goes to Law for Dil3pidations,Tithcs, or any thing belonging to the Church, if the L'cfentiantinfjfl upon it, licmuA prove the doing cf all thefe things. Therefore he muA have credible Witneffes when hefub- feribes before the Bilhop. And Two credible Pariflioners having read along with him the Thirty nine Articles, (hould endorfe upon the Book in which they read, their Atteftation ; which Book fo atteficd, the Tarfon (hould keep by hint Partin. of ENGLAND. 561 So likewife let fome intelligent Pjtilhoners atteft under (licir Hands, That fucli an one, on fuch a day, read che Common Prayer and Declaration as aforefaid; and let all thefc Atteftations be carefully jprcferved. See more in the Afts of Uniformity, printed before the Cook of Common Prayer. l iD^ihilEDgr^; of tl)E vTlcrgp ] it hath been provided, not without lingular Wifdom, that as the ordinary Courfe of common Adairs is difpofed of by general Laws; fo like¬ wife Mens rarerincident NcctlTuks and Utilities,fliouldbe wiilifpccial Equity confidercd. Hence it is that fo many Trivilidies, Imimr.iues, Exemptions, and Difpenfations, have been to the Clergy of England, granted at all 'times .• Our Anceflors thinking it very reafonable, that as Soldiers were wont, by the fteman Emperors, to be endowed with certain Priviledges, for their Warding and Fighting, to preferve the State from External Enemies, fo the Clergy ought to have certain Immuniiiesand Priviledges,for their Watching and fpiriiual Warfare, to preferve the State from Internal Enemies, the VVorld, the Flclh, and the Devil. Of Priviledges, fome belong to Arch-Bilhops, fome to Bilhops, as they are fo, and fome belong to them, and’ the Inferiour Clergy, as they are Ecclefiaflicks or Church- Clergymens Goods arc not to pay Tolls in Fairs and Markets. No Clergyman may be compelled to undergo any perfo- nal Funflions, (as to be Sheriff; Condable, Overfeer of die Poor, fyc.') or Services of the Commonwealth. All Clergymen are free from the King’s Purveyors, the King’s Carriages, the King’s Pod, itc- for which they may demand a Proteflion from the King, Cm Claufula wlmtts. Ifa Clergyman acknowledge a Statute, his Body lhall nor be taken by Vertue of any Procefs thereupon; for the Writ runs, Si Laicus fit, &c. No Clergyman can be arrefted in the Church, or Church¬ yard, or any where attending on Divine Service, going, naying, or returning. Clergy- STl’c fi>tatc Part in. Clergymen arc not obliged to appear at Sheriffs Tmns, or Views of Frank, Pledge , the.-c to take their Oath of Allegiance; the ancient Laws prefuming, that thofe whofc principal Care and Office (liould be to teach the People Loyalty and Allegiance to their King, could not thcmlelves want Loyalty. No Preacher may bedillurbed, vexed, ormoleffcd while he is preaching or officiating. By Magna Chan a no Clergyman is to be fined or amer. ced according to his Spiritual Means, but according to his Temporal Eftate, and according to the Crime coqi. mitted. The Goodsof Clergymen are difeharged by the Common Law of England from Tolls and Cuftoms, fSi mnexerceant Merchandkas de eijdem) of Average, Pontage, Murage, Pavage ; for wliich they have the King’s Writ to difeharge them. The Glebe Lards.andSpiritual Revenues of Clergymen,bc. ing held in Fura ds ferpetua Eleemof)na(\.cd) in Frankalmke, are exempted from arraying and mufteringofMen or Hor- fes for the War, as appears in a Statute (fill in force, fiffen 4. Niiini. 12. in the unprinted Rolls of that Par. liament. •^'If a Clergyman have Lands, by the Tenure of which he is fubjea to be B-iylilf, Reeve, or Beadle, and be cho- fen into any fuch Office, by reafon thereof he hath a Curfory Writ out of the Chancery to difeharge himfclf. The Clergy btieg by their Eunftion prohibited to wear a Sword, or any Arms (their Habit being alone their De- fence,) cannot ferve in Perfon in War; they ferve their Country otherwife; and for that Service have always been thought worthy of their Spiritual Profits and Revenues, and of the King’s Proteftion. A Clergyman is not bound to the Leer, nor to follow Hue and Cry. A Clergyman arraigned before a Temporal Judge for Felony may plead the Jurifdiftion of the Court. A Clerk in Holy Orders convift of a Crime, for which the Benefit of the Clergy is allowable, (hall not, upon the producing his Orders, be burned in the Hand. part in. of ENGLAND. 36^ A Clerk in Holy Driers at this Day fiiall have his Cler¬ gyfrom time to time; which no Layman can have above once. It was an ancient Maxim in England, NuUni fro decimii dibit cnerari aliqna de reparathne Pontit, feu aliquibus oneri- bus umporMus. No one on the Account of Tytlies is chargeable with Reparation of Bridges, or any otiitr Tem¬ poral Burthen. Thefc and other Immunities of the Clergy, the great Aqmm thought agreeable to natural Equity, or the Law of Nature: Thence it was that King Pharoah, Gen. 47. when all the Lands of hisSubjefts were mortgaged to him for Bread, yet fpared the Lands of the Priefis. So E^ray. 24. and fo in our ancient Laws we find, De Danigeldo libera jy quiela, erat ownii Ecckjia in Anglia ^ etiam on.nU ter¬ ra qiii in propria Dominio Ecclefu erat, ubicimque jaceb.it,nihil prorfus in tale redditioneperfilvcni ; and the reafon thereof is added, (luia Rex niagk in Ecclefu conjiilebae Orationibu! quam in Arrnoruin defenfionibui. The SherifFmay not intermeddle with the Clergy, in re- fpeft of theirSpirimal Promotions, but return, ^ed Cleri- ms eft beneficiatus in Epiftopatu non habit Laicum fxdum in Bdinamea. And this Priviledgeis confirmed to them 1^ Magna Charta. ^ It appears fully by the Common Law and Statutes of this Land, That the Clergy are not to be burthened in the general Charges with the Laity of this Realm, neither to be troubled or incumbred, unlefstheybeefpccially named, and expredy charged by fome Statutes; for general Words do not affeft them: Therefore if a Robbery be commit¬ ted, and the hundred be brought into trouble for it, it is nor undcrflcod that the Minillcr fliould contribute, though the Words are Gentes demorantes. So they are not to be alfcned for Watching and Warding, nor for mending the High-ways, ^c. •Many mote Priviledges, Immunities, Liberties: and Franchifes there are rightly belonging to the Clergy of England ; fo many, that to fet down all, faith Sir Ed¬ ward Colie upon Magna Charta, would take up a whole Book. Tile 3^4 SC&e pjcfcnt &tate Partllj. The Privilcdgesof the Clergy, and Franchifes of the Church were (with the Liberties of the People) granted, confirmed, and fettled by the King in full Parliament, An¬ no 1353- in fuel) a folemn manner as no Story can parallel it: The King (load up with his Hand upon hisBreafl, all the Lords Spiritual and Temporal flood with burning Ta¬ pers in their Hands, and the Archhifliop pronounced as followeth: the Authorit)' of Goi Ommfotent, of the Son, ini of tk Holy Oho',I, See. iPe Exammimeati, Anathcmiti^e, and Se- gnejler ffottour Hiy Mother the Chnrch, all thofe who hcnce- foithknoa-intly, and mMich-jly deprive and fpoil Churches of their Ri^ht -, and all thoje that (hall by any Art or Wit, rafhly litlate, diminih, or alterfecretly or openly, in Deed, Word,ir Counfel, thefeEeclefiallical Liberties, &c. granted by our Lord the King, tothi Archbijhops, Bijhps, Prelates, &c. Forever- lafling Memory whereof, we have hereunto put our Seal. After which, all throwing down their Tapers, extinguifh’d and fmoaking, they all faid. So let all that fhall go againjl thk Curfe, be exiinll and l]inl(_ in Hell. Since which, all 'Kings of England it their Coronations have by folemn Oaths promifed to preferve the fame ; and ■siey have been confirmed by above Thirty fuccclfive Par. Jiaments, commanded to be read once a Year in Churches; jnd if any AA fhould be made to the contrary, it is to be held for null and void, by the Statute of 4 Ed- 3. Anciently Men were very tender and fearful to do any thing that might make them incut the faid dreadful Cenfure. But of later times, efpccially fince our Reformation, many Men pretending to more Chrifiianity. and to more Know¬ ledge, have made little Confcience of infringing, and viola¬ ting any Rights,Priviledges,or Franchifes of the Church, or Church-men; whilli the Liberties of the People (though -very little violated) have been exafted, even to Sedition and Rebellion. KEhEnucaroftllECiCrgp ] To the end that Men of thebeft Rank and Ability, Ihouldinall times be encoura¬ ged to embrace the mod painful and fevere Profcllion of a Clergyman, and that the People Ihould the more willingly be guided and condufted by them, our moft Chriftian An- ccfloth Partin. of ENGL AND. 5^5 ceflor', according toehe Patternof God’s ancient People the Jivs , and of all other Chriftian Commonwealths, judged it expedient to allot large Revenues, and a mod plen¬ tiful maintenance to the Englifli Clergy, having obfer- ved with Solomon, That a wife Man for his Poverty is too oft contemned and defpifed, and that there is no¬ thing more contemptible and ridiculous than a poorCler- gymtn. The fird Kings of England had all the Lands of .En-. ghnd in Demefti, the fecond foie Monarch among' the Smn Kings, Etbelmlphui, by the advice of his Nobles, gave for ever to God and the Church, both the Tithe of all Goods, and the Tenth part of all the Lands of England, free from all fecular Service, Taxations and Impofitions whatfoever. The Charter of Donation is to be feen in IngulphHi, and other Authors which Charter tlius ends, Qiii augcre valmil nejiram Donntionem, (as ma¬ ny pious Kings and Nobles dnee have done} augeatOm- nipnens Vens dies fjar profperos, fi qnis vero mutare vel mi- miere prsfnmferit nofeat fe ad Tribunal Chrifli ratmem red- ditmm. He that dtall add to our Donation, may the Almighty God encreafe his happy Days; but if any one dial! prefume to change or diminifh it, let him know that he mud give an account thereof at the Tribunal of Chrid. Befides the Tenths of Lands, and the Husbandman’s profits. Merchants alfo, and Shopkeepers paid to their Spiritual Padors the Tenth of their Gain, Servants in divers places the Tenth of their Wages, and in fomc places Alcfcllers the Tenth Flagon, alfu Handy- Crafis-Mcn, and Day-Labourers paid the Tenth of their Wages upon their Oaths, if required. Per A’lifas Forejls, and other Records u doth appear. That Tithes have been paid even of Venifon in divers parts of England, Men niaking Confcicncc in thofe days, as amongd the ancient Jetvs, to pay Tithes of all they pofTeKcd. Befides all thofe, in fome places were paid to the Pa- dor Obventions, Oblations, 'Penfions, Mortuaries, tlpjrc. So that the EngHp> Clergy were the bed provided for of any Clergy of the wliolc World, except only the Na- rion ;66 Eljc IDjcfhit &taie Partin. tioo of thejftp/, amongft whom the Tribe of Levi, be¬ ing not the twenty fcvcnth ptrtoftheTwelve Tribes,as ap. purs in the Book of Kttmbe s, yet Iiad, as Mr Seldcn confcfctli, and that by God’s own appointment, three times the annual Revennue of the greatefl of the Twelve Tribes; infomuch that the pooreft Pried in the Twenty four Courfes might be reputed a wealthy Perfon. And as amongfi the Jeres tlie 14 Chief Prieds,for the bet¬ ter maintenance of their Authority and Dignity,had Meant far exceeding thofe of the inferiour Clergy, and the Kigh-Pried had a maintenance as far exceeding anv of the faid 24 Prieds, fo in England tl’.e Eifhops, by the great Piety and Bounty of feveral Englifli Kings, had, in Lands and Revenues, Temporal and Spiritual, a Maintain- anceftr more ample than thofe of the Inferiour Clergy, and the two Arch-Bifhops more ample than the Eilhops. WiHia'n the Conqueror .it his coming into England found the Eifliopricks then in being, fo richly endowed with Lands, that he eredled them all into Baronies, and eve¬ ry B.irony then confided of ig Knights Fees atthcltaft. Ecfidcs, there belonged to Bidiops feveral Perquifites and Duties for the Vifitation of their Dioceffc!, for Ordi. nations , JnflUsdms, Cenfsu Cathederatiais , Snbfi- dkm Charitativum, which upon rcafonable Caufes they might require of the Clergy under them, alfo other Du¬ ties called It-cimarum quarta, Mwtmmmm Oblatmm fcnfitatio. Jus Hofpitii, froeeffk, Litania, Viatici vel Cm- meatus collath, which upon a Journey to Rome they might demand. Tenths and Fird-fruits were anciently paid ("as is be¬ lieved) to rhe feveral Diocefans, as was continued to the Bidiopof Norwich, tsWHen. VllL deprived him thereof, and deprived the Pope of all the red; moreover all Ca¬ thedral Churches were, by divers Kings and Nobles, richly furnifiied with Lands, for the plentiful maintenance of a Dean, and a certain number of Prebendaries-, infomuch, that together with the Lands given to Monaderic;, a third partof the Lands of Fng/uni/belonged to the Church and Churchmen •, whereby did accrue much benefit to this Nati¬ on : Great Hofpitality was kept, many Hofpitals, Colied- ges, Churches, Bridgesbuilt, and other I’ublick, Pious, and Cha- part 111. of ENGLAND. charitable Works,all Leafcs held of them by iheLaity,were notonly much more eafie chan other Tenures, buefo un- queftionable, that there was little Work for the Lawyers; fo much pcaceablencis, that an Hundred and forty fworn Attorneys were thought luffident to ferve the whole King¬ dom. At prefent the Revenues of the Englipi Clergy are general¬ ly very fmall, and infufficicnt. above a third part of the beft Benffic'.s of England, being anciently by the Pope's Grant ap¬ propriated to Monaftcrics, towards their Maintenance,were upon the DiffolutionofMonafteries, made Lay Kees. Befides what hath been taken by fecrec or indireft Means, through corrupt Compofitions, Compafts.and Cufloms in many Pari- Ihes, there arc alfovery many large Eftaccs wholly exempt from paying Tythesj as Lands belonging to M6naricricE, of which about 190 were dilTo'.vcd in Henry Vlll’s time, of be¬ tween ICO and 3 500 /. per Annum value a-picce ; which at a Medimof i-joal per Annum eicb, amounts to 185000/.per AnmmTythe free, befides all the Idler Priories, Abbies,and Monaficries, the Church being not allowed the Tytheof that Land which was once exempted from Tythes, bccaufe it belonged wholly to the Church,and which always did pay Tythes before it did belong to the Church. Miferere Dew ! And thofe Benefices that are free from thefe.things, yec (befides Firfi-fruits and Tenths to the King, and Procura¬ tions to the Bllhops^ are taxed towards the Charges of the refpeflive Parifhes, and towards the Fubliek Charges of the Nation, above and beyond the Proportion of the laity. Inficad of having the Tenths, as the tenth Sheep, the tenth Lamb, or whatever the Produft of the Land is, what by reafon of Impropriations, Prcfcripiions, Alienations, Ccufcnages, and the like; they have not a fortieth Penny of the yearly Rent of England-, whereas the Clergy of France hath a Sixth part of the whole yearly Revenue. The Bilhopricks of England have been alfo, fince the later end of HernyVIII, to the coming inof King Jamer I. mefi mifcrablv robbed and Ipoiled of the greatefi part of their Lands and Revenues; fo that at this day a mean Gen¬ tleman ol 100 1. Land yearly, will not change his worldly State and Condition with divers Bifhops. An Attorney, a Shop- 3<58 JEDc jpjffciu-State Partin. Shop keeper, a common Artifan, will hardly change theirs with ordinary Pallors of the Church. Some few Bifliopricks do yet retain a Competency; a- mongft which the Bidioprickot Dudwn, is accounted one of the chief, the yearly Revenues whereofare about jaiJo/. per Annum. Of this and other principal Bilhopricks, the Revenues have been much tliminilhcd, fomc enjoying not a fouith part of their ancient Rights. The great Diminution of the Revenues of the Clergy, and the little care of augmenting or defending the Patrimony of the Church, is the great Reproach and Shame of the £ne/;]7;Reformation, and. Vis to be fear’d, will one Day prove the Ruin of Church and State. Judicious plr. (wlp in the Preface of his Works, foretold our late Troubles Forty Years before they came ropafsj ohfervingin his time how the Church was every Day robbed of her Dues, and that it was tlrcn an Opinion T']k,‘[that to give to the Church fmelt of Juliifm and Fopi- ry, and to tai^e from the Church what our Ancefion had ghtn rvas Re/£irmarfM"!dcclared,that what Aires faith in the octh Pfalm, was likely to be verified of Religion, and God’sScr- vice amongflus, the time thereof may be Seventy Years; if it continue till Eighty, it will be but fmall Joy to thofe that (hall then behold the Condition ofthc Eng/r/h Church; nor can the bed read Hilforian produce One Example of a Happy State, w here the Clergy hath been expofed to the Peoples Contempt, which mud happen wliere their Bene¬ fices, their Maintenance is Scandalous, and thereby their I’erfons Defpirable. ft is the lad Trick, faith St. Orego^y, that the De¬ vil hath in the World, when he caunot bring the Word and Sacraments in difgrace by Errors and Herefies, he in¬ vented this Projeft to bring the Clergy into Contempt and low Edeem, as it is now in England: Whereas anciently in England (as among the Jem, the Tribe of Levi was counted noble above all other Tribes, except that of the Royal Tribe of Judah) the Fundlion of the Clergy was of fo high Account and Edeem, that not only the bed Gentry and Nobility, but divers of the Sons and brothers of fe- veral Englijh Kings, fincc the Conqued, and before, dif- dained Pan 111 of ENGLAND. 569 dained not to enter into Holy Orders, and to he Clergy¬ men, as at this Day is praftifed in mofl other Monarchies in Chriliendom. Etbelaolph, Son and Surcclfor to E^kn, firft foie King of Eng/aiid, was in Holy Orders, and hifliop of U'lmhelhr, at his Father’s Death. Odo, DidiOj) of B.iycux inAVwan.i), was Brother to IFij/wm the CoeyvtYoc. ,'lenry diBhU, Brother to King S’ft’p/jfn, was Bidiopof H'inchcller. Ocofry Fl.ml.tgcnet, Son to Henry the Second, was Bidiop of Lincdn. Hcmy de Benufin, Brother to Heir'-, the Fourth, was Bidiop alfo of li-'incbclier : And of la rcr times, thac mod prudent Henry the Seventh had tiefigned his fccond Son to be a Clergyman, to omit manv other of noble Blood ; which I’olicy is dill ohfcrvcd even amongd the few Fami¬ lies of the fi:')Ki//).Rcligion m England-, wherein arc to be found at this Day fonie Brothers or Sons of Dukes, Mar- quifc,EarlE,anti Barons in Holy Orders,and mod of the red ofthe Stork of Baronets, Knights, or Gentry; and for this Caufe findRefpeed, not only amongd thofeof their own Opinion, but even of the mod fober, modcra c, and bed civiliz’d I’rotcdants. Nor is this prefent Age wholly deditutc of this Honour; witnefsthe prefent Bidiopof L.ondoni'Dr.Campon, Brother to the Earl of Nerlhair.ptcn. Dr. l-'ielding. Uncle to the Earl of Denby- Dr. Fane, late Brother to an Earl of H'ejimorland. Mr. Finch, Son to the late Earl of Wincheljea. Dr. Afmntagne, Uncle to the Earl of Sandwich. Dt. Aimejley, Uncle to the Earlof Wng/c/ey. Dr. Greenvile, late Dean of Ditrh.m, Brother to the Earl of Bath. Mr. Berlycky, Son to the F.arl of Berl^ley. Mr. Finch, Brother to the Earl of Ko'tingham. Dr. Booth, Brother the Earl of Warrington. Dr. Crew, Bidiop of Diirh.m, Son to the late Lord Ci'fii’. Dr. Grahme, Brother to the Lord Vifeount Prejhir. Sir JonathanTrelawney, Knight and Baronet, Bidiop of Exeter. And many others now living, or lately dead. And when this Policy was more in ufe, the Clergy were judged the fitted Perfons to execute mod of the chief Of- ' B b fices :7o Elje State Part HI. ficesandriaccs of ihc Kingdom Caccordingto the Divine I’olicy amongfl God’s peculiar I’coplc,where die PrieAsand Levices were the principal Officers and Judges in every Court, to wliorn the I’eople were to be obedient on the fe- verclf I'aiii;) and the Laity did with much Reverence and Refpc'Cf fuoniic to them, and as then, Os Sacetdatu Omu- l.im a.n f/eniV, Caccordilig to that of Mdach. Chap. l. 7.) So, Os P.-djapiOranUimeiat Rtfsi fy Regni, ify-Rex ample, tlebat:'. - Vm-eifum Clemn Urafionte, ex eofempcrfibi eli- geba: p'i'nos a ConjUiU, prim.sad Officia Regni obemda. Pri- mi iguttr (edeb.mt in ommbns Regni ComitiU iy Tribmalibus dspifapi, in Regali quidem Pal.ith cum yegni Magnatibus, in Q- mitatu un.i 'um Cosmic, in Turno cum Vicecomite, &■ in Hun¬ dred's cum I's’.rinj Hundredi, nihil inconfulto Sacerdete xel Epijeops, .igcretur. And this Union of Civil'and Ecdcfiaflical I’erfons Authority and Courts of Judicature, did continue, as Sclden 1. a. de S')ncdriii, makes apparent ibovc Four thou- fand Years, amongft God’s own I’eople, both Jews and Chrifhans, till I’opc Kicholai the Firft, about the F.iglitli Cciirury, to exclude the Emperor from medlirg intheEc- cicliaflical Government, began to exclude the Clergy from meddling with the Civil, Vide Oral. Dijhnc. C. Cum ad Butro return to our Bifliops, upon whom the Weal of this Kingdom, and Service of the King fo much depended, and their Preience for that end fo much required at London, chat It was judged expedient, that every Biflioprick fliould have a Palace or Houfe belonging to it, in or aliout London-, and it is known at this Day where (food the tloufcs of eve¬ ry one, except that of St. .--ifaph, which alfo might pro¬ bably have h.ad one. Great was the Authority of the Clergy in thofe Days, and their Memory fliculd be precious in thefc Days, if we confidcr that they were the Authors of fo great Benefits and Advantages to this Kingdom, thactherearc few things of any Importance for promoting of the Welfare of this Church and State, wherein the Bifhops and Prelates, under God, have not been the principal Inftruments. Theexcel- lenii.aws made by King/zu, King/ffirZ/izw, Ring Ediirund, and Sc Edward the Confelfor, from whom wc have our Common Laws, and our Priviledges mentioned in Afagna Charta, arc III. of ENGLAND. ;ji Cham, were all made by the Perfwafions and Adviee of Archbifhops and Bilhops, named in our Hiftories. The Uni¬ on of the Two Houfes of T,or at lead to the power¬ ful Perfwafions of Bilhops,as mod of the bed endowed Col- ledges in both our Univerfities, very many Hofpitals, Chur¬ ches, Palaces, Cadies, have been founded and builtby Bi¬ lhops, even that Famous, Chargeable, and Diliicu/c .Stru- fture of London-Bridge dands obliged to the liberal Contri¬ butions of an Arehbifhop j and it was a Eifhop of London, at whofe earned requed Widiamthe Conqueror granted to the City of London fo large Priviledgcs, that the Lord May¬ or and Aldermen, upon fome folemn Days oftlieir reforc to St. Pairrs Church, did, before the late drcadfuTFirc, go in Procefiion about the Grave-Stone where that Bilhop lay interred. But above all, the converting England to the Chridian Religion, the reforming that Religion when corrupted ; and fince that, the Maintenance of the Doftrine thereof, a- gaind all Romijh Writers, and of the Difeipline thereof (none of the lead good Offices} againd all the Praftices and Power of the Puritan and Presbyterian Faftions, and all thofc other Seftaries lineally defeended from them. All this, and more is owing (if not folely, yet princip.illy) to Bilhops and Prelates; by the late want of whom to fit at the Stern, how foon was this goodly Veflcl fplit upon the Rocks of Anarchy and Confufion. Even fince the late Redauration of Billiops, to fet down the many confiderable and publick Benefices flow¬ ing from them, and other dignified Clergy, would tire the Reader. Bb X 572 JE^epjcfcvu&tate Part III. I have been very particular in my former Editions as to the Beneficence of our Enilifi Bifhops, in Founding, Building and Augmenting Schools, Collcdges and Hofpi- tals, in repairing of Cathedral Churches and Epifcopal Houfer; in their magnificent and ufcfu! Works ( as the Theatre at Oxon, intircly built at the foie Charges of Dr. Gilkrt Sheldon Archbilhop of Cmterbm}, I’ublick Libra¬ ries, and the like -, in the redemption of Captives from Algiers, all rhe Engl//?; that were Slaves there being at once redeemed by the Engltfi Bipiops-, In augmentation of poor Vicarages to So/, per Annum', In Subiidies, Poll- money, Benevolences, Firfi-Fruits, &c. Abatements to Tenants, in furnifhing Churches and Cbappelswith Plate, and other deccnc Ornaments, buying of Impropriations, relieving Sequeftred Clergymen, their Widdows, and di- ftrefled Cavaliers, even during the time that they them- felvcs were fequefired. In thefe and fuch like particulars you may there fee that Dr. Widkm Jnxon, Archbidiop of Canrerinrj’sbenifi- ccnces amounted to- 64000/. Dr. Gilbert Skelden --—57000/. Dr. Briiin Dnpp.t - 46000/. Dr. I-reiven, befide Abatements-15°“° '• Vr.apns - Dr. lEirner--—--55600/. 307600/. Befides the Deans and Chapters there mentioned. CMIerhury - Winchejler -- Durham - £/, - Exeter - Lincoln - Rochejler - of ENGLAND. 373 Pjrt III. Tbi’t.-- lyyScp Summ Told -.;85iico The reft doubtlcfs parted with their Money proportio- ’Tis true, thofe Bidiops, Deans, and Prebendaries had much greater abilites than ours at prefent hai-e, to do what they did, the three ot four firft Years after tlie Re- ftauration of the Royal Family, bringing them in much more than their Ordinary Revenues. During the vacancy of a See, or when the Biftiop is employed by the King in publick Negotiations beyond Sea, the Law provides an Officer in his place, to whom Pre- fentations may be made, and by whom Inftitutions, Ad- miflions, fyc. may be given, which Officer is called Ouar. dim of the Sfinutditks. The Office is fometimes execu¬ ted by the Archbifhop of the Province, or his Vicar Ge¬ neral, or the Dean and Chapter of the Vacant Sec. All Clergy men are in England (as anciently among Gods own People the Jews, and amongft the Primitive Chriftians fo foon as they were under Chriftian Empe¬ rors) judged fit to enjoy divers Tempcral Honours and Emplo)mcnts, as, Firft, To be in the Commiffion of the Peace, for who fo proper to make and keep Peace as they whofe con- ftant Duty is to preach Peace; who fo fit as they whofe main bufinefs and ftudy is to reconcile thofe tliat are at variance: And therefore (ince hi; late Majcfly , King Charles his happy Reftauration, as well as before, divers grave, difcrect Divines have been made Juftiees of the Peace, and thereby not only the poor Clergy-men have been protefted from the Oppreffion of their caufdefs E- ncmies, but many thflerences have been compofed with¬ out any Law Suit, in a more Chriftian and let eitpcnfivc way. Moreover the Archbifhops and Biffiops were called by our Anceftors to their Wittengenmote or Parliament, imt ;74 SCl)£lD?Cf£t’.t&tilte Part Ul. fo much in rcfpcft of their Tenure (^for in thofe Days all their Tenures were by a Fritnl^-Ahmigne) as for their Gravity, Learning, and Wifdome, as appears by Brittm, Cliinii/e, and Brailon. Secondly, To be of his Majefly’s Privy-Counfel, where frequently Cafes of Confcicnce may arife, relating to State matters, that will admit neither of Delay nor Pub. licaticn, and therefore after the pattern of that Excel, lent Clirillian Emperor Cc ijhintine the Great, our good Kings, before and fince the Reformation, have always ad. tnitted feme fpiritual Perfons to their Counfcl-Tables, and Clofet debates. Thirdly, To be employed in publick Treaties and Ne¬ gotiations of Peace, and this both the Ancient and Mo. dern praflice will jufiifie, that none have been more fre. gucntly and fucccftfully ufed in fuch MclTages than the AmbalTadors of Chriff, Fourthly, To enjoy fome of the great Offices of the Crown, as to be Lord Chancellor, Lord Treafurer, (yc. and it hath been obferved. That in a late Reign when the Biffiop of Loiuion ubas Lord Treafurer, that Office svit executed with as much Diligence, Faithfulnefs, Dexterity and Content to the Subjefl as well as to the King, as it e. ver had been by his Lay PredecelTors. I ffiall only add that in the glorious Reign of tint Wife and Experienced King Edreavd HI. the Lord Chan, ccllor. Lord Privy Seal, Mailer of the Rolls, TenMafleti in Chancery, Chief Chamberlain of the Exchequer, tht Receiver and Keeper of the King’s Treafttre and jewel!. Clerk of the Privy Seal, Treafurer of the Houffiold, Ma- ftcr of the Wardrobe, one of the other Chamberlains c[ the Exchequer, Surveyer and Comptroler of the King! Works, Treafurer of Ireland, and he for Gnifnes and Q- Ike were all Clergy-men. D I S S E N T E R ■'>. T H E Inhabitants of this Land being a Cenfible and Cj. vilized People, arc generally much addifled to Reli¬ gion, and whereas in thofe Countries where the Romm Part III. of ENGLAND. 575 Catholick^Religon is National, fiimme it the Mother of De- vot'm, People of the beft Parts being lealf affefted wiii' a Religion fo contrary to Rcafon; here in England, tliofe wlio arc of the beft Capacities arc generally moft De¬ vout; and again, the devouteft Men of this Churrli are always the beft Moralifts, wbicb (hews their Devotion to be unfeigned, and without Hypoerific; but the greateft blemifti to P,eligion amongft us is, the pittyable i umber of Uijfenteri from the eftablidied Churcli, fomc prejudi¬ ced by Education, fomc by Senfuality, fome by Intcreft, and fome few by a Mifguided Zeal, for having repented of their former ill Coiirfes, whilft they called tiiemfelvcs Members of the Church of England, th.cy think th.ey can¬ not throughly change their Lives without changing their Religion too, becoming, like ftray Sheep, an calic prey to the next Claimer. If we divide the People of England into 6o Parts, perhaps hive of them arc fuch Dilfcnters of all forts w ho never come to the publick Service of the National Church. Two Parts who hold Communion with the National Church, and with their own particular Seft at the fame time, as Occafion or Opportunity oft'ers, Thefe are a Foohfh and Inconfiderate People who are little valued by either lide, by reafon of their Inro ftancy. Three Parts are thefe who being in conftant Commu¬ nion with the Church of England, feldom or never joyn- ing openly with any other, feem ncverthelefs fomewhac dilplcafed with the Cliurch, and the only rufon 'they continue in it is, becaufc they arc more difpleafed with every Soft of the Diffenters from it, for they acknow¬ ledge this to be the beft form of Religion in the Coun¬ try; but this they (having new Schemes in their Heads) R'ould reform or rerine. The moft underrtanding of this fort of Men have a I’olitick Thirft after fuch a Reformation, in hope by that means to comprehend many of the more moderate Dif¬ fenters, and to bring them into Communion wi'h the Na¬ tional Church; and fuch a defign was fee on foot in t!;e beginning of this Governmeht in Convocation, where all tilings of that Nature are lirft to be debated ; but few of ibc Diflenters at tint time fticwing any willingnefs to be Eb 4 ffi 376 Eije ^Djcfcnt &tat£ Part III, Co comprehended, and feme of tlie Heads of them con- fcITiag ingenioufly, that all fuch Attempts would prove fuc- cefslcfs without quite diPfolving our Frame of Church Go- vernmenr, the whole bulincfs fell. And inftead thereof all I’rotcflant Difienters from the Church, except AittininnariMS, are [tolerated, fo long as they live Peaceably and Conformably in the State, and there is that connivance at all others that every Man in England doth now enjoy a free Liberty of Confcience, and ufe of what Rel’gion heft pleafes him. The Dilfentcrs from the Church of England arc of theft Tive forts, Libixtincs, Papijls, Anabaptijls, Indipendants, and Prejbyrctians. Piift, By Libertines we mean thofe that live ad libitum, whether they he Atkeifts, Sceptickj, Deijis, and the like; of thefe there are trot many among us, at leaflwifcpro- feffcdly fo, and thofe that be, are a vain, fantallick, un¬ thinking People, fomc of whom having a little fmattet- ing of Learning, are troubkfome with it to themfelves, and the refl of Mankind. Thefe Men have fome fupet- ficial Knowledge in Second Caufes, but for want of due Confideraticn, they are altogether Ignorant of the firll Mover, and of his revealed Will; fothat fuppofmg them- fcives to be Wife, they become Fools: And from a long Indulgennce to the Gratifications of Sence, they fall in¬ to the want of ail abfiradted Notions and Thoughts, and have no diflinft apprehenlion of any but mere fenfitive things, ’til] a little before their Death, when the Soul be¬ gins to feparate, (land of}', or Icofe from the Body, then they attempt to unfold Original Ideas, but not without Horror and Confufion. The h’limbcr of Jews and Socinians amengfi us is Sill mm inunftderable. Secondly, Papijls we have many,yet not fo many but that in the late Government, when they all appeared publickly, it was, and is a wonder how the defigns of that Handful of Men could put the whole Nation into fuch Convulfions. I may note here to the Honour of the Church of Eng- gland, who only dutft oppofe the Craft and Violence of the bigotry towards Kwne in King Jamer Il’s time, that excepting a few who were corrupted with Money, even part 111. of ENGLAND. 377 then there appeared fcarce any but who were born of Po- pi(h Parents, or who were at Icalf bred up in the Commu¬ nion or Favour of that Church, from their Infancy. • And whereas fomc of the mofl inconfiderable Dilfenters, would formerly charge the Church ot England wiili Incli¬ nations to tlie Cliurch of Rome ; the many learned Trca- tices Publifhed, the many 1 riumphant Difputacions held, the many Sermons every where Preached, in bold, and upon Defiance to Rome, and the flrong Refinances made by the alone Members of the Church of England, againft all the Allurements and Threats that were then ufed, hath not only powerfully Quaflicd that Calumny, but niighc very fcvercly retort it, if it were not a Church of the moif forgiving Temper in the World. Anabaptijh ac of Two forts: Firft, Thofe who go vulgarly by that Name; and. Secondly, thofe who arc cii- fijuiguinicd by the name of Qnaliers. The Anabajlills whicli go by that Name, are a more reafonable fort herein England than thofe of f/.Weer and Germanr, very few of ours are fo Wild, Extravagant, and Enthufiafiical as thofe abroad ; Thefcfubmicthtmfelvcs to Civil Government; and the chief Article of their Difienc in Religion is concerning Fxdoba;t}frn, which they hold un- reafonablc: Yet there is in many other things fome of the Elenifh Leaven fiili among them, as accounting themfelves the only pure Church, are envious at the Eftablidjcd Church, abhor paying of Tythes, and artefl Parity ; but that which is worfi of all, fome of them have ftrange Notions concerning our Bklfed Saviour and his Incarnati¬ on, the HolyTrinity, the Soul of Man, (/)c. Some ot thefe, as well as ilual^rs, are great Admirers of Jacob Bherntn and his fort of Cant; and many of them are clofely wrapt up in Roficmdan Divinity; they looh tipon all Li- turgyand Ceremoniesas Popilh, allow that Laymen may adminifter Sacraments, expert an univerfal .Monarchy of Chrift hereon Earth. Some of them are called Biw/d/ij-, from Robert Brown o( Nonbamptoiifhire j but there arc fome Iroivnijl; who allow of rtei/obuftr/m. Fainililli, ot of the Fainilyof Love we have fCarce ajiy remaining ; Adamites none: But here are fome /rnfinomiuni who hold. That no Tranfgrefiion is Sin in the Children of God: Trail^jtts, now ;78 Elje |p?cfcn£ &tate Partllj - now called Seventh-day-miii, who keep the JemJli Sabhih | Antifitbbatarmi, who keep none oc all; and the Mug^leli- /oniiinjare fcarce extinft, who fay, That God the Father, leaving the Government of Heaven to Eliiii, came down cn Earth and fuffered in Humane Form ; thefe deny the Ho¬ ly Trinity, the Creation of Earth and Water, the Immor¬ tality of the Soul, Religious Miniftry, and fome of them Magifiratual Authority. 152 -Uakcrfi.] The other fort of Anabaptifts are called Sllixl^rs or Shr.l^rs, from the Trembling and Quaking, cauledin them by Vapours in their Ecflatick Fits, efpeci- ally after long Fading, an Excrcifc very much praftifed by the firft Difciples of this Seft here in England, but of late almoft wholly difufed. We have drong Motives to believe that this Seft was feta foot herein Eigland, and Propagated by the In- dudry of Romifl] Emilfaries, font on purpofe from Spain,- and Italy, in the time of the late Troubles: Mr. William Pom made many pertinent Difeoveries of it, in feveralof hisTreatices; wherein he dicws their very near Alliance to the Order of Francifeans, who ever Propagated their Doftrinehere \o England, the fird Author of their Opini¬ ons, not to mention Agreement in fome only particulars with divers Hcrcticks of Old, feems to have been C Moon ti/cer January, and the Sunday foUorving U Qtiadragefima, and the fixth Sunday after U Eafler Day, and the flxth Stwdaj after Eafler is Roga- part III. of ENGL AND. 583 tion Sunday, andthethurfday foIloviTig, being Fon^ Dap after the Refiirrellkn, is Afcenfion Day ; Ten Dap after which, or Fifty Dap after Eafter »< Pentecoft, or Wliit- funday, ami t/je Trinity Sunday: Which Computation of the Church of England, agrees with all the EaliernChriftian Churches; for they and we find Eafter by the Rules which were generally received by all Chriften- dom, Anno 532. and ever fince, till 1582. it was altered by the Pope, asaforefaid, and that was, That Eafter Day jlmld always be on the jitft Sunday after the fir ft Full Moon after the ll.of March, which was then the Vernal Equinox. Yetcannotitbedenyed, but that thisold Computation may fometimes be inconvenient; for though the Church be¬ gin the Year January 1. yet the State beginning the Year March 25. according to our Lawyers recitoning; Two Eajiers will be obferved in One Year; .as in the Year 1607. the firft Eafter fell out the 25th of Apil, and the ftcond thc22d. of .lf of a Tard, y Foot make a Geometrical Pace, 6 Foot a*Fathom, id Foot and a half make z Perch, Pole, or Rod but there areotlier Cuftomary Perches or Poles, viz, 18 Feet for Fens and Wood-Land, at for Forreji,Lanca- jhire and /ti/S Mcalure, and 18’ Scotch. 40 Perch make a Furloni, 8 Furlong or 920 Perch make an EnilijhMile-, which according to the Statute of u H. VII. ougl-,t to be 1760 Yards, 5280 Foot, that isiSo Foot more than the Italian Mile-, do Miles (more Exafily 69 Englifl, Miles and a Half 3 make a Degree, and gdo Degrees, ot 23020 Miles, compafs the whole Globe of the Earth. Horfes are meafured by the Hand, which is 4 Inches. For meafuring of Land in England, 40 Perches in Length, and 4 in Breadth make an Acre of Land, f fo ca|. led from the German Word Acher,and that from the La¬ tin Word Ager) 90 Acres ordinarily make a Tard-Land, and 100 Acres are accounted an Hide of Land, and 640 Acres a Mile Square. Butin this, and alfo in feme Weights and Mcufurcs, the Cuftom of the Place is otherwife, wliich mull be Regar¬ ded. In Fritme about Paris tl Inches make a P'oot; ii Foot make a Perch; and i co Perches make an Arpen. of Timber, 43 Foot folid make a Tun, and 50 Foot Metifma rcceptknis, receptive Meafure is two Fold, Firrt,of Liquid or Moift Things; Secondly of Dry Thing!. The ordinary fmallcft receptive Meafure is called a Phf, 1 Pints make zOuarf, iQuarts make a Pottle-, i Pottles make a Oalim : A Gallon of Beer, or the Meafuie containing iSa (olid Inches; and holds of Rain-Wamr 1 ° Pounds 3 ounces, -Hi Avoirdupois. 8 Gallons a Firl;inoi Ale, 2 fuclt Firkins make a Kilderkin s and a Kilderkins or 32 Gallons make'a B.irrc/'of Ale; and 12 Barrels a Laftt 9 Gallons a Firlgn of Beer, a fuch Firkins, om8 pjitlll' of ENGLAND. ;9j Gallons mike a KiWei't/n., ifucli Kilderkins, or 'j6 Gil' lens make a Biiml of Beer; one Barrel and lialf, or 5+ Gallons make a 2 Hogdieads make a Fife, or Burf, and 2 Pipes a Tun-, confiding of 172S Pints, or Pounds: a Barrel of Bnittr, or Soap, is the fame with a Barrel of /1/e. The £n^/i//) lPine meafures af/rTmallcr than thofc of w/e and Beer, and hold proportion as about 4 to 5. So that a Gallons of Beer Ineafure arc almoll 5 Gallons of Wipe mcafarc, and eachGallen of Wine is 231 cubical Inches, 8 Pound, i Ounce, and 11 Drachms Aierdufoif of Rain Water. Of thefe Gallons a Kwi/ff ofWine holds 18. Half a /{itifl.eihi 31 Gallons and a half; a Tierce of Wine holds 42 Gallons; a //o^f/jiat/f 3 Gallons; a Ftmchi- on 84 Gallons; a Pipe or Butt holds 126. and a Jim 252 Gallons, or 2016 Pints, Pints. s Oalhns. ~ Firl^ins. ""v 1 I Kildit- _J_ig.rrre/. JIi_j 1 I ']//■’«, '^•e. 4 ._TT~rT~~i-aif. _ 20-21 -TirKa8~ 24 I 11 1 6 1 1 i Mote that Butter, Filh, and Soap are fold bjAlemea- furc. 391 EIjc iDjefcnt State Part III. A Table of, Wine mcafure. A Tun of Wine weighing i-j C. weight, One Pint 1 1. o' Ounces Troy. Pints. 8 \GaIlotts. r+4 \i^\P(‘i«illits. - 5 - 504 i?; |?-li 671 |S4 l+fi’ 1 i-f^^ntiovs. Tlie fame for Honey, Oyl, (fyc. Note that a Rachel Hoglhead is but 46 Gallon', and an J/igh Country Hoglhead but 54. A Mahtga^mc or Pipe bat jia Gallons. A Canary Pipe but Ji6. The received difproportion in the Weights of Liquids is thus. Tile Amphora of the Aiwm/h weighed of Wine or Rain- Water 50/4. of Antreerp weight. Nate that 11: Paun.t at London tnahes but toy I at Ant¬ werp. _ Pounds. So that which contains of Wine or Rain Water-50 Contains of River Water- 5; Of Linfc°edOyl.^!^- llq Of Honey------ -- Of Quickfilver- Igjo To meafure dry things, as Corn or Grain, there isfirft the Oallcn, which is bigger than the V/inc Gallon, and lefs fart III of ENGLAND. 393 lefs than the Ale or Beer Gallon i containing 27a i Cubick Inches, and 9 Pound, 13 Ounces, ii Drachms and i of Averdupois Wcighr, Two of thefe Gallons make a Feck.-, Four Pecks a Di(Jliel, Four Bufhels the' Cmb or Cumck, TwoCuriiocks make a IJy'U’ffr, Seamot and Ten Quarters a Laft, which contains 5120 Pints, and fo many Pounds Troj/ weight; fo that in a Garrifon,’ 5000 Men, allowing each but a Pound of Bread per Di¬ em, will confume near a Laft, or 80 Bufhels every day, and 250 Men in a Ship of War will drink a Tiin of Beer in two days, allowing each Man about a Pottle per Diem. A Tabic of Dry meafurc. Pints. 2 Quarts. 2 \?ottles. 8 16 14 h 1 ^GaHans. 2 \?ech. !AJ 4 IL 16 8 1 4 Bttflsels. 2f6c n tc 256 128 64 j 32 8 [Quarters. '280 640 1 320j i6oj4b|5 Wey. >560 It 280 1 640'! 32o;8oliol2 \Lafi. Meal is weighed as Corn, but the common repute is, that a Gallon of Wheaten Meal weighs 7 pound Averdu- psh, and 8 pounds 6 Ounces 4 penny-weight 7ro/; fo a Bufliel 56 pounds Anerdupcis, and 68 pounds ) Ounce, 12 penny-weight Tr^r- All otlur Grain, and fo like- wife Salt, Litne, Coals, djc. follow this Meafure, which is called Winchefter Meafure. But note that where Sca-Coal, and Salt are meafured with this Bufltcl, then they ate heaped, or ellc there is allowed five Aricked Pecks to the Eulhel, and this is called iVuter meafure. 36 Bulhels are a Chaldron of Coals, and on Shipboard they allow 2 1 Chaldron to the Score, genii'. JUljc ^DjcrciU &tate P art III 394 At firft all Nations Bartered and Exchanj. ed one Commodity for another, but that being (oudiJ troublcfome,- by a kind of Cuftom, good Liking, or U- fage, amongft all civilized Nations, Silver and Gold, as mod portable, pliable, beautiful, and Icfs Subjefl to Rult, hath been as early as the Days of Abrahm, chofen to be the Inftruments of Exchange and Meafure of all thing;, and were at firfl paid only by weight, ’till the Rom™, about 300 Years before the birth of Chrid, invented Coyning or Stamping of Gold and Silver. When Julius fird entered this Idand, here were current indead of Money certain Iron Rings; afterward! the Romans brought in the ufe of Gold, Silver, and Btaf; Coin. In the time of King Richard L Money coined in the £aj} parts of Gmnany, being for its purity highly edeem. ed, fome of thofe Eadcriings were fent for over, and imployed in our Mint, and from thence our Money was called Ealierling, or Uerling Money, as fome think (as the fird Gold Coyned in £iig/and,wa5by King Edm.IIland thole pieces called hhrences, becaufe Florentines were tl;e fird Coiners thereof tins’ others fay of the Saasen tvord Ster. weighty. ^ilfcgr.'J King Edtrard I. (ince the Norman Cqnquell, cdablidied a Certain Standard for Silver Coin in this man¬ ner. ^4 Grains made one Penny Sterling, 2c penny¬ weight one Ounce, and 11 Ounces or yfido Grains made a Pound Sterling, confiding of 20 s. Of tliefe i2 Oun¬ ces, 11 Ounces two penny-weight Sterling, was to be of fine Silver, and the weight of 18 d. Sterling in Allay the Mincer did add ; fo that anciently a Pound Sterling was a Found Troy weight; whereas now a PoundSw/ieg is but the Third part of a Pound troy, and a little more than the Fourth p.irt, of Avoirdupois weight. The Money of England was abufed and falfified for a long time, till Queen Elkabeib in the Year 1560- to her great praife, called in all fuch Money; fir.ee which time no bafe Money hath been Coined in the Mint of England, but only of pure Gold and Silver, called Sterling Monefi ■ onl| tpjrt HI. of E N G L A N D. 3P5 Lnly of latter time, in relation to the Neceflity of the I Poor, and exchange of great Money, a fmall piece of Copper, called a Furthhg, or Fourth part of a Penny, hath been permitted to be Coined, and now of Tin, our own Manufafturej but no Man inforced to receive them in pay for Rent or Debt, which cannot be affirmed of any other State or Nation in the Chriftian World; in all which there are feveral forts of Copper Money as cur¬ rant with them for any payment, as the pureft Gold or Silver. No Moneys in any Mint arc made of pure Silver, be- caufe Silver in its purity is almoft as flexible as Lead, and therefore not fo ufeful as when hardened with Cop¬ per.' Gold mintedpure would alfo be too flexible,and therefore is in ail Mints allayed with fome Copper, or with Silver, and mod Mints differ in more or lei's Allay. In the time of the afore-named King Edmrd I. the j Coins were only 4 d. "id- 2d. id. the half-penny, and I the Farthing, all of Silver. j The pound weight Tny of Silver, fince the Reign of i Queen Elixahetb hath been currant at 62 s. and the feveral I Silver Coyns now currant in England, are rite Crown, or I 5 r. which is almoft the Ounce Trof, then Half Crown, Shilling, Sixpence, 4 d. 3 d. 2 d- and i d. For the Coynage there was allowed i r. in the pound Tta) of Silver; fo that the Merchant who brought in the Bullion, received only 60 r. for lb.'each, which made the Ounce to be juft 5 J. But by an Aft of Parliament 1665. for Encouragement of Coynage, the Cliarge of Coynage was defrayed by an Impofition on Brandy, and nothing payable by the bringer in of the Bullion-, fo that the Merchant receives 61 s. for every Pound Troy of Bul¬ lion. The pound weight, or Twelve Ounces Troy of Gold is I divided into Twenty four parts, which arc called Currutr ; fo that each CuiTof is Ten penny weight Troy, or half an Ounce ■, and this Cannt is divided into Four Parcs, which are called Cnrrat Grains-, fo that the Carrat Grain is 3d. weight and an half, or Sixty ordinary Grairs; and the CtWiat G/ain is divided into divers Parts; the Standard of I •' Cfowa part in. of ENGLAND. 397 Thic the Ei>gli/!i Coyn may want neither the Purity nor Weight required, irwas moft wifely and carefully provided. That once every Year the chief Officers of the Mint fhould appear before the Lords of the Council in the Star-Cham¬ ber at Ifejim/n/fer, with fe me Pieces of all fort of Money coyned the foregoing Year, taken at Adventure out of the Mint, and kept under feveral Locks by feveral Perfons, till that Appearance, and then by a Jury of Twenty four ableGoldfmiths, in the prefence of the faid Lords, every Piece is moft exaflly elfayed and weighed. Since the happy Reftauration of his late Majefty King Charles the Second, the Coyning and Stamping of Money by Hammers hath been laid afide, and all (lamp’d by a Mill or Screw, whereby it comes to pafs, that our new Coyns, for Neatnefs, Graccfulnefs, and Security from Counterfeiting, do furpafs all the mod excellent Coyns, not only of the Romans, but of all the Modern Nations of the World. CHAP. III. ! of Names, Titles of Honour, Trivile^ges, &c. I (£ngli(5 qiiafi nttamm. Names were firft ISaniER.]L\l impolt,Moft HmnrMe and Patent Prir.cL His Comet hath Pearls and Snan'berry Ce.iw, intermist tdand of equal Height. <0arlj£f.] anciently called Comites, bccaufe thqy were \vont Comiiari Regent, to wait upon the King for Coanfel and Advice. Tlic Germans call them Graves as Imtgrave, Margrave, Palf^rave, Rheingrave-, the Saxrn called them Ear Mormon, Erlig or Erhting-, the Danes, Eorlas, and the Engiifh, Earls. 1 b.ey had anciently for thefupporc of tlieir State, the Third Penny out of the Shcrift's Ccurcj iCuing out of all Pleas of the Shire, whereof they had their Title: but now it is otherwife : for whereas hereto¬ fore Comes and Comitatirs were Correlatives, and there was no Comes or Earl, but had a County or Shire for his Eatidom. Of Latter Years the Number of the Earls in- ctealing, and no more Counties left, divers have made choice of fomc eminent part of a County, as iMfey, Hol- Imd, Cleveland, Graver.-, fome of a lelTer Part, as Siraf^ori- a Wapentake in Torkfinre, &c. Others have chofen for tlieir Title fomc eminent Town, as Exeter, Sridgtrateri Brijiol, &c. And fome of lace have taken for their Title the Name of a fmall Village, their own Seat, or Partt, jjrcs as Bolton, Clarendon, Miilgrave, D.inhy. An Earl is created by the Cinfture of a Sword, Mnn^ lie of State put upon him b'y the King hihifclf, a Cap and a Coronet put upon his Head, and a Charter in his Hand. All Earls are Stilcd by the King, Conf.tnguinei tnJJri, Our Coufins; and tiiey anciently did, and {till may ufe the Stile of Aw. All tnc Earls of Engl.mdire local, or denominattn from fome Shire, Town, or Place, except two, vvhereof one is Pctfonal, as the E.nl iM.irfeal of England, who is not only Honorary, avail tiie all, but alfd Officiary. 'Ihe other is Nbrhinal, Earl Rivers, wlio rakes h.is DenO' minition from an llltifirio'cs t'amilv, as the rcli do, freiri foitih riotlrd Fli'c. ^ Dd 402 Elje pjcfnit £)t;ite Part III An Ejrl’s Mantle hath three doublings of Ermin. Ifi:' Title is Mijl J’fitenr and Noble Lord. His Coronet hath the Pearls raifed upon Points, and I.e.:v:s_ bw between. C;i''Vc;unt:.] Pkccomes, qiiafi Vice Comitis gubernatm C;.v,This Title svas firll given, fome fay by /fen. VI, l.i the i3t/; Year of his Reign, to Join Beaumont, thougli it injy be fomul, that 5 Nen. 5. Sir Robert Bi'ent was by ilic King created a Vifeonnt. Vifeounts arc rtiled by the King, Confangiiinei mjlri, out Coulins; and his Title is Right Honorable and truly Noble or I’utent ford. A VJioa'.r is made by Patent, as an Earl is. _ His Mantlehathtwo doublingsand anhalf ofplainwhiie furr; Kis Coronet only PearU, with a row of Pearli, "ttliouc certain Number, clofe to the Chaplet. BilITilI.] In the Laws of the Longob.trds, and of the Korm-ens, this word was ufed for Vir, as at this Day Ba¬ son, or V.tron, in the i'f.tni/h Tongue is ufed for the fame; fo th-ic Raronis Vir, -/at V';o/Jjij,Vir mubilis, fypkA. n.ilis: So the chid Eurgellcs of anciently, andflill ihofe of th.c Cinpeports, are called Barons. iSra'i n faith, they were called B.nons, qu.ofi Robiir Belft, in the time of War, 'he fifcty of the King, and of all his People, did depend upon their Courage, V/ifdom, Con¬ duct, cn.l Skill in Martial AflVirs. .hnciently titofe Rarnns only were accounted Peers of the R.-ahrt,'tli.it held of the kiagper integram Baroniam, which conliftcd of thirteen Knignts Fees, and one third Par: feaci; Kr.ight's P'ce bettig 20 /.) which makes in all az- Maik;; ai.d whoever had fo much, was wont to be ent- Now to hold per Baroniam, is to iio! 1 Here.iitatem B.miis, whether greater or leis. Larons in the Iteginning of the Reign of Men. >III. were no: of fo much Repute .as afterwards, when that King (af¬ ter that gicac Rebellion was fuppreft) called by Wric un¬ to Parliame.ct, only fuch great Men as had continued Loyal; uliich the fuccceding King’s obferving, they only were accoiiiitcd Peers of the Re.ilm, that were called by the Ki.-ig’s Wrir, and the other M their Pcer.agc, .15 fome great Auth The Parc in. of ENGLAND. 403 The Earl Palatines, and Earl Marches of Eng/.ni./, Iml anciently alfo tlicir Barons under them ; as in CliePm there are yet fuch Barons ; but as no Bifhop but tliofe that hold immediately of the King, arc Peers of the Kealmffor the Bifliop of dto, holding immediately of the Earl of Perty, is no Peer) fo no Barons butthofe that liold imme¬ diately of the King, are Petrs cf the Ucalm. C.’pt Barmi.i is fomc Calllc, or chief Scat of a Noble¬ man, which is not to be divided amongfl Daughters (^if there be no Sons) but muft defeend to the cldcit Daugh- Land holdcn by Barony, doth not make tlic Purchafer, that is Ignoble, to be Noble, alchough the Charge of fuch Tenure doth lie upon him, in refpett of the Service of the Kcalm ; no more than Land by Villain Service doth make the Purchafer, that is a h'rcc-man, a Villain, though he (liall thereby be bound to his Villain Service due for his Lands. » Barons are fometimes made by Writ, being thereby called to fit in the higher Houfe of Parliament; but inoft ufually by Patent. His Title is Noble Lord. He hath Two Guards or Doublings on h.is Mantle. His Coronet hath Six Pe.orls upon the Circle, given to that Degree by King Cb-irlcs II." All the forementioned Degrees have the Title of Lord, from the Saxon Word Lnford, Dominin. All the Lords of Kng^hwd, both Spiritual and Tempo¬ ral, are Feudernries to the King, and in their Cre.uion, and alfo in their Siicccflion, do fwcar an Oath of Pcalty, and do Homage to the King their Sovereign, and pay certain Duties, as Sign and Symbols of their Subjjffion to their Prince. All Honours in England arc given by the King, who is the foie Fountain of Honour'. The Laws of Er.ghmd prohibit all Subjefls of the Realm to receive any hereditary Title of llonciir or Dignity, of the gift of any foreign Prince or Emperor. None of thefe Honours bellowed by the King on a Family can be loft, but by want of lil'ue Male, except where the Patent extends to llTuc Female, as fometimes 404 ffljEpjcfctlt&tate Partin, it doth; or dfe by fomc heinous Crime, and then that Family cannot be reAored to their Blood but by Parlij. All Noblemen at their Creation have Two Enfigns, to fignify Two Duties; their Heads are adorned act enjk. kndum Rcgem if PMmm tempore pitcit, and they are girt with a Sword mi defendendum Regem p.un.m tempen seia, T he Nobility of Englund have in all times enjoyed many confiderable I’riviledgcs. All Peers of the Realm being looked on as the King’s hereditary eoaftant Counfellors, their Perfons out of Parliament time are priviledged (as others in Parliament time) from all Arrclis, unlels for Treafons, Felony, or breach of Peace, Condemnation in Parliament, or con¬ tempt to the King. No Snpplicitvit can be granted a- gajnA them; no C’npins or Exigent fued out againA them Br Actions of Debt or Trefpafs, no EJfoin lies againA any Peer of the Realm, in Criminal caufes, Treafon or Felo¬ ny ; they cannot be tried by any other Jury, but byi Jury of Peers of the Realm, who are not as other Ju¬ ries, to be put to their Oath, but their VerdieA given in Upon their honour fuAiccth. In Civil Caufes they are not to be impaniielled upon any Jury, nor upon any Inqudls defttdo, though in a matter between two Peers. In cafe any Peer be returned upon any fuch Jury, there is a fpccial Writ for his Difcharge. They are upon no cafe to be bound to their good Behaviour, nor put to fweat they will not break the Peace, but only to promife k Upon their /ionour, which was ever accounted lo facred, as upon no Terms to be violated. A Peer of the Realm may not be put to the Rack or Torture to difeover the Truth,thoiigh accufed of High-Treafon. Every Peer of the Realm called to Parliament hath the priviledge in his lawful abfence, to conAitute a Prosy to vote for him, which none of the Commons may do; alfo in places of Truft committed to them, they are allowed to make Deputies, by rcafon of the ncccA'ity, fuppofed in the Law, of their attendance on the Perfon of the King. Though neither Civil Law nor Common Law allow any other TcAimoii? to be valid but what is given upon Oath; yet the Tcfib Part 111 . of ENGLAND. 405 niony of a Peer of England, given in Vfon hU Honour without any Oath, is etlecmed valid; and they were wont to be eKani,ined upon their Allegiance, and the loyalty of 'heir Chivalry, and to put in their Anfwer to a Bill, Safer Homrem, without taking an Oath, though of latter times that Priviledge, by the neglcft of fome Lord, hath been infringed fometimes. A Day of Grace, by the favour of the Court, is not to be granted to the Plaintiff' in any Suit or Aftion wherein a Peer of the Realm is Defendant;and this by Statute Law,bccaufc theLa w prefumes that a Peer of the Realm muft always be ready to attend the Perfon of the King, and the ferviceof the Common-wealth, and therefore it is not to be delayed a- ny longer than the ordinary ufc of the Court, but to have expedition of juftice. At the beginning of Parlia¬ ment, when the Oath of Supremacy is esafted of all thofe of the Houfc of Commons, yet it is not required of any of the Lords, becaufe the King is otherwife aflitred of their Loyalty and Fidelity, as is prefumed. In all Ca¬ fes wherein the Priviledge of the Clergy is allowed to other Men, and alfo in divers Cafes where that P’riviledge is taken away from other Men, every Peer of the Realm, having Place and Voice in Parliament, lhall, upon his Requeft, by Star. l Ed-aard VI. without Corning in the Hand, lofs of Inheritance, or corruption of Blood, be adjudged for the firft time as a Clerk Convift, though he cannot read. The Title of Lord is due to all Barons, and to none others befides Eifhops, and fome great Of¬ ficers of the Kingdom, Only of.; Courtefic of Title of Lord is given to all the Smr of Dul;cs and Marquiffes, and to all the Eldcft Sons of Earls, and none under. All r.anns of Englandnre exempted from all attendance at Sheriffs Tourns, or any Leets where others arc obliged to take the Oath of A'Jegtance. A Peer cannot be Outlawed in any Civil Aflion bccaufe he cannot be Arrefted by any Cafias ; and by the fanic rcafon there lies no Attachment againfl him. A Peer mute upon his Tryal (liall be convift, but not preft to death, as a Commoner is; for by the Cuflom of E-oiland, (as is by the Law of the Empire) Hohiles non Dd 3 r.v. j.c6 EliclDjcfciu&tate lcrqi:cnt:ir in q'j.ibni r'cbci tirqucrcntnr, Nobiles non /«/. finJjntio-Jcd dcc.ijitnntin-: Ytc this 1)> the mecr favour of ti'.c Kins;, aod in feme Cafes, cfpccially of Felony, liath bet n otiicrv.ife' fometimes. For the fupprtfiing itf Riots and Rants, the Sheriff niav r.iifc the /hjji’ Comil.ii^s, that is, all able Men are to ailift him, yet may not the SltcrilV eommaml the I’erfon of ar.y Peer of the Rc.;lin to attciul that feiviee. A il.ircn of rarliament hein;! feet for by tlxKinj's V.'ric or Letter, or by his Mcll'enper, to come to f.'oart, or to 'r.irtunmnt, or to appear before th.c Coiwcil iloaij, CT in his Court of Ch.'.nici)\ may, both coming anti re- turiiing by the King’s Foreft or Park, kill One or'l'tvo Deer. In anv Civil Trial where a Peer of the Realm is Plain¬ tiff or Defcmlant, there muft be returned of the jury a: leafr or.c Knight, otlicrwifc the Array may be quanieti by Cliallenge. The Laws of England arc fo tender of the Honour, Credit, Reputation and Perfens of Noblemen, that tliert is a Statute on pur pole to Itindcr all Cfthnce by falfe re¬ ports, whereby any Scamlal to their Perfons may arife, or Debate and'Difeord between them and the Corpmon;: and btcaufc it is to defend not or.ly Lay Lords, ^.h'utEi- rneps, and all great Cfliccrs of the Realm, it is calld Scandahim M.W.at:un. The Houles of Peers cannot in fome Cafes (asinfcarcli for Prcl’.ibi-cd Ecohs, err.) be entred by Officers of Ju- ftice, with.out a LYarran.t under the King’s own HauJ, ami tl.c Hands of Si:-: of his Privy Council, whereof Fcer to be Peers of the Realm. No Peer can be Aireffed towards the Standing Miliii; but by Six or more of thcmfclvcs. 'il.e Law allowing any one of the Commonalty, be¬ ing arraigred lor Fek ny or Treafon, in f.normn vice, to eh,allergc Thirty five of his Jury, without Ihcwing caufe, and cth.tr-hy Ihcwing caufe; yctallowsnot a Peer oftk RcJim to challenge any of his Jury, ortoputany of them to tl.cir Oath, the Law preluming, that they being all Peers of the Realm, and judging upon their Honour, can- i;ot be guilty of i'aljked, Faoour or Matice. part III. of ENGLAND. 407 All Peers of the Realm have a Privilcdge of qualifying a certain number of Chaplms, who (after a Dilpcnfition from the Archbifhop , if to him it feems good, and the fame ratified under the Great Seal of ErilmdJ may .hold plurality of Eciieficcs, with cure of Souls. In tliis manner every Duke may qualific fix Chpl.ms, cvrry .Mar- qulfs and Earl five a Piece, every Vifcour.t four, and eve¬ ry Baron three. A Peer of the Realm may retain fix Aliens born, v.h.cre- as another may not retain above four. In cafe of Amercements of the Peers of die Realm up¬ on Abn-Sititr, or other Judgments, a Duke is to ue amer¬ ced only ten Pounds, and all under only fi'c Poimds; and this to be done by their Peers, according to^ d/.;e/:,'; thmta, although it is often done now by the K .it’' juJti- CCS, inftcad nf their Peers; Particularly by the Barons ot the Exchequer, bccaufc formerly there fat no ether in tliatCourr, hut Barons of Eitglwd-, and row the ufual A- mercement of a Duke is ico Pounds, and of a Baron not Icfs thait five Pounds. All Peers of the Realm being conffant Hodtt.ro Conn- /d/si r of the King, in his great Council of and being obliged upon the King’s Surnmors to appear, and attend in all Parliaments upon their own Charges, were priviledgcd from contributing to the Expcncc of any Mem¬ ber of the Houfc of Commons, for which no Levy might be made upon any of their Lands, parcel of them E.ii7- ibms or Baronies, any of tlicir/Jncrcni Uemcjr,,Cci)-ho!J, or \%tk-Tenants. The Eflatesof al! Peers of the Realm, being iudged in the Eye of the Law, fufficient at all times to latiine all Debts and Damages, fatisfaftion is to be louglit by Execu¬ tion taken forth upon their Lands and Goods, and mm bv Attachments, imprifonments of their Perfons ( ilr,,!.; ate to be always free for the [Service of tlic Km;; and •iingdom) nor by Exigents, or Capias, ut , Other Privileges belong to the Peers of Eng/.m.f, as i-.igiic Tun of Wine Cuffonvfrcc to every Earl, and to the relL Prop.ortionably, (fyc. But no Lord liath thefe Priviledges of Peerage, but Lords of Parliament, nx. no Dukes or Earls ^ ’•Ddq dM 4o 8 )Ei;c ipjrfnit &tate Part III, cldeft San', or/.//J, Lords unlefsSumiTiopdby tit King’s Writ to an Enghjh Parliament. ■ Ntinvitlifi inding tlicfc great I’rivilcdges belonging to tlit Nobility of EnsUnJ, yet the greatcflof them f nonottk Brother or Son of the King^ ever had the Priviledge of tht Grandees of Spuiti, to be covered in the King’s I’rcfencc, e^•cepl-only//emy Kiw/tjf, Earl of Sm i ey. Nor ever hid that I’li'h.cr Priviledge of the Nobility of France, wlioft IDamain Lands, and their Dependants holding them, art exempted from all Contributions and Tallies, by tviiicli Favour they are tied to their King, and fo epabled to ferve him, that although Rebellions arc frequent, yetfe]. dem of long continuance, and never profperous; where¬ as the highcfl born Subjeft of En^hw.d hath herein up more priviledge than the nicaneft Ploughman, but utter- iy wants that kind of Reward for ancient Venue, and Encouragement for future Indutlry. If an Appeal of Murder or Felony he fued by any com- mon Perfen againff a Peer of the Realm, he lhall be tri¬ ed by Commoners, and not by Peers; as was the Cile of Fines Lord D.tcrcs, faith Giiillim, No Peer mull go out of the King’s Dominions with¬ out leave; and if any have leave to go, he is toretura Upon the King’s Writ under tiie Privy Seal, or forfeit Goods and Chattels. ^^CCftlcncrJ Touclring the Places or Precedencies z- mongllthe Nobility of England, \i is to be obferved, Tbq fafter the Kings and Princes of the Blood, rit;. theSont, Grandfons, Brothers, Uncklcs, or Nephews of the King, and no farther) and after the Two 'Archbifhops, Dultts amongfl the Nobility have the firft place, then Marquilfti, .Dukes eldcflSons,! Earls, Marquill'es eldefl Spns,jDukcs younger Sons, Vifcounts, Earls eldefl Sons, Marquillci younger Sons, Barons, Vifcounts eldefl Sons, Earls young¬ er Sons, Barons eldefl Sons, Knigiits of the Garter Qjit- senas tales, Privy Coupfellors, Chancellor and ynder- Trcafiirer of the Exchequer, Chancellor of the Pvtchy, Lord Chief Juflice of the King’s Bench, Mafler of the Rolls, Lord Chief Jufiice of the Common Pleas, Lpru Chief yaron of the Exchequer, other Judges aiidJiiroM ‘ ' ■ of part 111. of ENGLAND. 409 of the degree of the Co;/ of the faid Courts, Bannerets, made under the King’s Banner or Standard difplaycd in an Army-Royal in open War, and tlic King I’crfonally prefenr, Vifeounts younger Sons, Barons younger Sons, l^ronets, M.’ders in Chancery, Knights Bannerets of a rn'eaii 'Creation, Kpights of the Bath, Knights Batchelors, Colonels, Serjeants at La\r, Doflors, Eftjuires, Lieutenant Colonels, Majors, Captains, Genclcpien, {Jrc. ' Moreover, obferve, that all Nobjes of the fame degree take place apeordihg to the feniority of their Creation. ' The Lord Chancellor, tlie Lord Treafurcr, Lor'd Prefi- dciit of the King’s Counfcl, Lord Privy Seal; thefe be¬ ing Barons, or above, lliall in Parliament fit above all Dukes, except the Son, Brother, or Nephew of the King. The Lord High Steward of England is not here named, bccaufe it was intended that he Ihould not continue be¬ yond the Oepafion fpr which fie fliould he made. Next hath place the Lord Great Chamberlain of Eng. land, then the Lord High-Conftablc, the Earl Marlhal, the Lord High Admiral, Lord Steward of the King’s Houf- hold. Lord Chamberlain of the King’s Houlhold -, thefe (hall fit after the Lord Privy Seal, above all of their de¬ gree only. And if the King’s Principal Secretary of State be a Baron, he takes place of all Barons tliat are not of the Offices before-mentioned -, but if he be a Vifeount, or higher degree, he (hall take place only according to his Degree. Alfo, if the King’s Secretary be a Bilhop, as anciently was ufual, lie takes place neht to the Bilhop of Wmehejier, before all other Eifliops that have none of the Offices aforefaid. All Dukes, MarquilTcs, Earls, Vifeounts, and Barons, not having any of the faid Offices, (hall take place accord¬ ing to the ancientry of their Creation. The Srorc/j Nobility and Gentry while they arc in&ig- lan 'd take place next to tliofe of the fame Degree in England, and the ;r(/B next to the Scofcl); as for in (lance, a Satcb or liif) Duke, doth here in England take place of an Englifli bjarquifs: a Scitch oi /ri/Jj-Earl of an Englifli Vifeount 5 and fo the reft, unlefs in Parliament-, for there they take place according to their Eitg/i/b Degree only; and if are not Peers of England, they are tryed here but as Corn- 4ro EIjc ^pjefcnt &tate Part III, raoncrs. The Ladies have Precedency according to th Degree and Quality of their Husband:, agreeable to thatoli Maxim, 'Oxorfuka radiis Miiriti. There are certain Marks of State that belotj to each Degree amongft the Nobility, which they mayprj. ehicc or not practice at Plcafurc. l A Duke may have in all places out of the King's I’refence, a Cloth of State hanging down within half a Yard t.f the Ground ; fo may his Duxlicfs, aiul her Train bora up by a Daronefs; and r.o Earl is to walh with a Duke with, rnit tl’.e Dukes permiflion. fparquife-] A Uirquifi may have a Cloth of Edatt rcad’.ing within a Yard of the Ground , and that in ai! places out of the Prefcncc of the King, or a Duke; and his Marchionefs to have her Train born by a K.iight’s Wife, out of the Pre-fence of her Superiours •, and in their I’m fence by a Gentlewoman: And no Vifcount is to walh wki a Marquifs,bu: at his Plcafurc. CSarl-'J An Earl alfo may have a Cloth of Eflatewitlloiii PendaiiiS, but only Fringe -, and a Counrefs may have htt Train born by an EfquircsWite, outof the Prefcncc of hit Superiours, and in their Prefcncc by a Gentleman. CliCOUUt] A Vicount may have a Cover of A^aJ hclden under his Cup while he drinks, but no Allay ta¬ ken as Dukes, Marquilfcs, and Earls may have, and may have a Travers in his own Houfe •, and a Vicountcfs may have her Gown born up by a Woman out ot the Prcfcnct of her Superiours, and in their Prefcncc by a Man. Yoaron.’J a Caron .may alfo have the Cover of Iiii Cup holden underneath whilfl he drinketh, and a Caro- nefs may have her Gown born up by a Man in the pre- fence of a Vicountcfs. ■ All Nephews and Grandfons of a King are born as Arch- pukes, and have Title of Ifiglmefs ■, their Caps of State indented. .. pjrtlll* of ENGLAND. 411 All Dukes cldeft Sons are born ami liave Title asMar- quifles, and the younger as Lords, with the addition of iheir rliriJJiM Names, as Lord Lord Jc/jii, Sec. A Marquifs’s eldcft Son is called Lord of a place, (and by tliecourtefy of En^Und, Earl) and is to go as an E.trl, but fliall give place to an Earl, and the younger Sons lords, as Lord Thomiti, Lord Jnbn, S:c. An Earl’s eldefl Son is born as a Vicoiint, and Miall go as a'v'ieount, and (liall have as many powderings as a Vi- count; fo their younger Sons arc faid to be born as Ca. rons, but (liall go after all Barons, and before all Baro¬ nets; And an Earl’s eldcft Son U called Lord of a glace, and all his Daughters Ladies; but his young.-ft Sons not Lords. A Vicount’s cldeft Son is no Lord, nor his Daughters Ladies; and therefore the cldeft Son, and the cldeft Diugl’.ter of the firft Vicount of Eng/aiid, is f.iid to be the tirft Gentleman and Gentlewoman without Title in £n;/.md : Yet a Vicount’s cldeft Son is faid to be born as a Baion. A Nobleman, whether Eiig/i/7; or foreigner, who hath his Title of Nobility only from a foreign Monarch or St.tte, tho’ he comes into Eegf.ind by the King’;. Life con. duff, and tho’ the King fiilc him by his Title of Digni¬ ty, yet in all our Law proceedings no notice i; taken of his Nobility; nay, tbo’ be be Naturalized by Aft of I’ar- liamcnr, or born in EngLin.i with that foreign Title, un- lefs the King’s Writ liatlt funmioncd bim to I’arli.inicnr; For it appertainctb to tile Roy.d Prerogative of tbc King, to call and ailmic an Alien born to have I'lace and Voice in his Parliament at bis jde.ifurc. Gin/. HaM.f. a.g. i6. Note alfo due the biglieft and lowcft degrees of No’oi- iity are univcrfally acknowledged, for a Kr.iiJlt (Er.^/i(!s or Foreigner) is a Kmunt in an Nations. Alfo it tlic Einpim or any f into this tlealm by fafe Conduft (asbe onghr; for a King or abfolutc Prince, tho’ he be in L cr this Land without Licence) in this cafe he Hull here Sue, and be Sued by the name of Empcrcf vx Kin;,, or clfe the Writ ftiall a- batc. O’lilUm. f-rg. 17. jLuiJcnue. 412 SClje gjetcnt&tate Partin, KEbemiE ] The Laws and Cuftoms of Englani (a|, avays willing that Decmm and Conveniency Ihould be e- very where obferved, and confidcring the Charges and Expenccs appertaining to tlie fcveral Degrees of Honour, as they belong to Men of principal Service to the King and Realm, both in time of War and Peace) expcdcd that each of them fhould have a convenient Eftate, and value of Lands of Inheritance, for fupport of their Ho¬ nours,and the Kings Service.Thercfore anciently whentlie intrinfick value of a pound was worth 30/. of our Money now, as appears by the then Price of all things, every Knight was to have about 8ao Acres, reckoned at 20/. yearly in Land; that is, about 600/. of our Mo¬ ney at this Day: A Baron to have Thirteen Knights Fees, and one Third Parr, which amounted toabouti67f which multiplied by 30, was as much as 8010/. a year at this day. And an Earl Twenty Knights Fees, a Duke Forty. And in cafe of decay of Nobility, or that they had fo far waded their Revenues, that their Honours could not decently be maintained, fas the Raman Sena- tors were in fuch cafes removee’ from the Senate fo) fometimes fome EngUP) Barons have not been admitted to fit in the Higher Houfe of Parliament, tho’ they keep the Name and Title or Dignity ftill. But to prevent this wading of Revenues, whereof at prefent there are too many woful examples in £ngW, the Spanifli King puts a Curator or Guardian over any Lord of Spain, that by Prodigality is like fo to wade his Estate, as that his Honour and Title canot be fufficient- ly fupported. For the better fupport of thefe Degrees of Honour, the King doth ufually upon the Creation of a Duke, Mat- quifs, Earl, or Vifeount, grant an Annuity or yearly Rent to them and their Heirs, which is fo annexed to the Dignity, that by no Grant, Affurance, or any manner of Alienations can be given from the fame, but is dill incident to, and a fupport of the fame Dignity, contra¬ ry to that Principle in Law, Thar everp Land of Vee-Sim- pie may be chaiged with A Rent in Fee-Simple, by one wn) or other. Tq Putin. ofENGLA-ND. 41? To a Duke the King grants /. heretofore a coiifide- rab.'t; Pcnfion; to a Marquifs 40 Marks, to an Earl no /. to a Vicount ;o Marks. To Barons no fuch Penfions are ordinarily granted, only King Chmks the Firft crea¬ ting Blomt (the late Earl of Nen'pori') Lord ■ miiljo) of Timljhne, granted him a Fee of ao‘ Marks fir Amxm, to him and his Heirs for ever. As the King of England hath ever had the repute of the richelf in Dimatns of any King in Emfe, fo the No¬ bility of England Have been accounted the richeft in Lands of any Neighbouring Nation ; Lome having above aeoco /. yearly, others 1 5000 /. and fo many 0! them above 10000/. that if one with another they have but Socn /, yearly, it will amount in all amongff the 159 Lords, to above nyacoo /. a Year, about the Tenth part of the yearly Revenue of all England. The Engliflt Nobility for Valour, Wifdom, Integrity, and Honour, hath in all former Ages been equal to any in Chriflendom. Every Lord’s Houfe was a kind of well difeiplin'd Courr, infomuch that the Gentry, Males and Females, were wont to be Lent thither for vertuous Breeding, and returned excellently accomplilhed. At home, their Table, Attendance, Officers, Excrci- fes, Recreations, Garb, was an Honour to the Nation. Abroad they were attended with as brave, numerous, and uniform Train of Servants and Followers, as any in Emf !; not thinking it confident with their Honours tc be feen walk the Streets almoft in Cuerpo with one Lacquey, or not thar, much lefs to be found drinking in a Tavern or Colfce-Houfe. If fome of the Engti(h Nobility, by a long continued Peace, excelTive luxury in Ditr, want of Addon, ire. were before the late Wars, born more feeble in Body than their Anccflors, and by too fine, and too full Diet, afterwards were rendered weaker in Mind; and then during the late Troubles, by much Licentioufnefs, and want of fit Education, were fo debauched, that it was lately difficult to find fas fome are bold to affirm) the Courage, Wifdom, ]uAicc, Integrity, Honour,Sobriety and Cuttific of the ancient Nobilityyyct it is not to be doubted 414 pjffcnt Sinte Part Ill but tlt.it under fucli u Warlike entcrprifing Prince t King UTJiam the Third, all thofe Venues of tbcirKorcf} ibcrs may fpritig afrclli. And it is to be hoped we flui foon fee revived that brave Martial Spirit of tliofi Eitjiili Heroes recorded in Hiftory, Tlie Anndels, M h-s, ' B'.iiich.tmpt, Berkplcys, Blounts, Cbandn\ Chnnm, Clilfordi, Courtneys ,Vcverenx!,6recnvtIls, Hin. mIs,' Lijles', Mihtim, Mir inns, Nevils, Ogles, Picrciii, SnJyii'-l!. Spencers, T.ilkts, Veres, Vmphrevilts,Ike. kHi. valiant Exploits, a;:d even their very Names, more tliii once made t'rnnce to tremble. C II A P. IV. Of the Comricr.s of England, e?id therein of &• roncts, Kiiinlyts, Efemircs, Gtiiilemai, Yecmitf Citituns, ilmdicrafts, 5iC. T he [.aw of Entlnnd^ contrary to (toms of other Countries, callcth a Unron-, fo that not only all Caronets, all Efquircsand Gentlemen, but alio t bilitv arc bv our Law reckoned among EngUdt as in Rme tb.erc was a rnitk nntores & Vlebem, ralle.l Ennicn, fo Kingdoms thev are (filed, V'AUet Mh.y. Tnc lower Nobil.tytl-.en of Ergtnnde Knights, Efjuires, and Ocnllemcn. ) the Laws and Oi- 1 none Koble undti all forts of Knight!, the Sons of the Ns- g!l the Commons o[ die R.mk, ir.lcrS!- ) in other Chrillb! \s of Bnronm, 'Saronefsj] The next Degree to Carons areBa:- nets, wliich is the lowcft Degree of Honour that is Hero ditary; They arc conlfitutcd in the room of the anti- 'ent Vnbr-.fnn, between the Carons of Englnnd, and the Orders of Knights, an Honour firft infiituted by King /emr: the Eir.T, Knno i6n, given by Paten: to a Man, and his Heirs Males of his own Cody lawfully begotten; for which, each one is obliged to pay in the Eitciiequcr p.utIII. of ENGLAND. 415 as much as will for Three Years, at Eight Pence fer di- tm, pay Thirty Foot Soldiers to ferve in the Province of 1]$£r\n Ireland ^ which Summ amounts to 1095/.which, with Fees, doth commonly arife to isoo /. Bamtts have Precedence before all Knights, except Knights of the Garter, Knights who arc Privy-Counfcl- lors, or Knights Bannerets, made under the King’s Ban¬ ner or Standard, difplayed in an Army Royal in open War, and the King perfonally prefent. menetj and their eldeft Sons being of full age, may claim Knighthood. Baronets have the Priviledge to bear in a Canton of their Coat of Arms, or in a whole Scutcheon, the Arms of VIJler, viz. in a Field Argent a J/.nd Qnles : Alfo in the King’s Armies to have place in the grofs near the King’s Standard, with fome particulars for their Fune- ralt. The whole number of Baronets in England were not to exceed loo at one and the fame time; but now their number is without limitation: Their Qualifications are, That they be of good Reputation, and dcfccndcd of a Grandfather, at leafl by the Fathers fide, that bore Arm', and have alfo a certain yearly Revenue of icoo/. jer Annum, de claro. They take Places according to the priority of the date of their Patents. The Title Sir is granted to Baronets by a peculiar Claufc in their Patents of Creation, though they be not dubbed Knights; and their Wives arc Ladies. No Honour is ever to be created between Baronets and Barons. The firft Baronet that was created was Sir Nicholai Ba¬ rn of Suffolk, whofe Succeffor is therefore filled Primm Bironetorum Angik, 4i 6 Part III, I A 'Catalogue of the Baronets of this Kingthm if England, from the fir(t Creation of that Dig- nitj , untill the lofi 0/ June, 1693. in- clufive- Baronets created by King J A M E S the Firft; I '^Ichoks Barih. z lN Rkb. Milineux, an Irifli Vifcount. 3 Thomai M-mfel. 4 George Shirley, an EngUfi Earon, Vifcount Lord 5 John StraJIing. 6 FrancU Leke, an Eoglif/ Earl, Vifcount Eirl of Scarfdate. 7 Thomai Pelham. 8 Richard Houghton. 5 Henry Hobart. in George Booth, vaEnglifb Earl. II John Peyton. 12 Lionel Talmach, A Scotch Earl. 13 Germafe Cliftoii. 14 Thomas Gerard. 13 Walter AJhn, a Scotch Bi- j 6 Philip Knevet, Estinft. 17 John St.John. John Shelley. ij John Savage, ah EniUft Earl. 20 Prancif Barington. Zi Henry Berkeley, Ex. iz William Wentniorth, Eail of Strafford. 13 Richard Miifgrave. 24 Edward Seymour. 15 Moyle Finch, Earl of Iffii- chelfea. Z 6 Anthony Cope. Zy Thomat Mounfoii. 28 George Grefeley. 29 Paul Tracy. jd John Wentworth, Ex. 31 Henry Belt.ifife, Earl cl Falconberg. 32 William Conflable, Ex. 33 Thomai Leigh, aa Englif: Baron. 34 Edward Noel, Earl oi Gainsborough. 33 Robert Cotton. 3d Robert Chilmiiideleigh, Ex. 37 John Molikiix. ^%Fm’ Partin. j8 Francit Worthy, Ex. JO Georie Sank, Mar- quifs. ■0 Wil/iam Kniveton. ji Philip Woodimfe. h William Pope, Ex. James liavingm. ^4 Hem) Savile, Ex. i_r Hem) Willoughby, Ex. i6 Lewis Trefljam, Ex. Thomas Erudemt, Engtifli Earl. 48 George St. Paul, Ex. 49 philifTirwhit. ;o linger Oallijon, Ex. jt Edward Carre. 51 Edward Huffey. ;; Lejlrange Mordant, 54 Tmmas ihndipi. 55 John W)mie. ;6 William Throcl;moi ton, 57 hirhard Worfete). jS Richard Fleetwood. 59 Thmai Sfencer. b John Tiifron. Eiiglifl! Earl. 61 S.tnni:l Fc)ton, Ex. f: Charles Morrifin, Ex. £5 Hem) Baker, Ex. 69 Roger Appleton. 6 ) Wiham Sidle). £0 iiiliam Twifden. £: Edward Hales. fS Wilti.wi Mon)S, b Thomas Mildma). ro william Maynard , Eng- lijh and Iri(h Earon. 71 I'enryLee. | •: John Pcrtman, Ex. 73 Nicholas Saur.derfon, Irifh Vifcounr. IS Miles Sands, E'x. 4 417 75 William GoPwicka 76 Thomas Puckering, Ex. 77 William Wra). 78 William Ailajfe. JI) MarmadulgeWivel. 80 John Verflial. 81 Francis Etiglefield. 8a Tho. Ridgwa), Irifl) Earl. 83 William Ejjex 84 Edward Gorges, Irijh Ba- 85 Edward Devereux, Eng- HPi Vifcounr. 86 Reginald Mohun, E-gliW Baron 87 Harbcttle Grimjhne. 88 Thomas Holt. 89 Robert Naper. 90 Paul Banning, Ex. 91 Thomas Temple, 9a Tham.as Penyfton. 93 Thomas Blackston, Ex. 94 Robert Vomer, Englijh Vifcounr. 9 5 Rowland Egerton. 96 Roger Townjhend, Englijh Vifcounr., 97 Simon Clark; 98 Edward Firion, Ex. 99 Richard Luc), Ex. 100 Matthew Bomton. 101 Thomas Littleton. loa Francis Leigh, Englifli Earl, Ex. 109 Thomas Burdet, 104 George Morton. 105 WlEiam Harvey, Englifi • and Irifl) Baron, Ex. 106 Thomas Mackworth. 107 William Grey, Engliflt Baron. Of ENGLAND. 4i 8 JElje ^?cfcnt fi»cate Partin •o8 iVtUidm ViHers. 143 William Chalmr, Ex. ^09 James Ley, Ex. 144 Thimas Bilhop. •10 William Hicl^. 115 Frarcis yincent, m Tbmai Beaumont, Irifli 146 Henri Clere, Ett. Vifcount. 147 Benjamth Tichburne. 1:2 Henry Salisbury. 148 Bichard Wilbraham. 113 Erafmut Driden. lary Thomas Delves. 114 Widiam Armine, Ek. 150 Lewis Wat fin , En^lilt 115 Will. Bamburgh, Es, Baron. II5 Edward Hartof. 171 Timas Palmer. 117 John illill. 11,1 Richard Roberts, Er.^liji 118 Franck Radcliff', Englifli Bari. Earl. 11,-^ John Rivers 119 David Foiilk. > 54 Thomas Darnel. 120 Hum,IS Philips. 15 5 Ifaac Sidler. I 21 Claudius Forlkr, Ex. • i6 Robert Brown, Ex. 112 Anilmy Chejkr. 177 John Hcrvet. 123 Samuel Tryon. 158 Henry Jernegan. 124 Adam Newton. 159 Nicholas Hide, Ex. J25 John Boteler,E\. Englifh 1(0 John Philips. Baron. i()i John Stepney ■ 126 Gilbert Gerard. Baldwin Wabe. 127 Humphrey Lee. 163 William Mafinm. 128 Richard Berney. 164 John Colbrond. 129 Humphrey Forjler. li53 John Hotham. 130 Thomas Biggs, Ex. t66 Francis Manfil. 131 Hen. Belingham, Ex. *67 Edward Powcl, Ex. 132 Will. Telverton, Ex. i58 John Garrard. 133 John Scudamore, Irifii t6^ Richard Grcfvenour. Vifcount. 170 Henry Moody, Ex. Thomas Gore. fji John Barker. 135 John Packington. 172 William Button. 136 Ralph Afiiton. 173 John Gage. 137 BaptiftHicks, Ex. Eng- I74 William Goring. Vifcount. 175 Peter Corteney, Eh. 13b Thomas Roberts. f]6 Richard Norton. John Hanmer. in John Lcventhorp:. 140 Edward Fryer, Ex. 178 Capel Bedill, Ex. 141 Edward Osborne, Englifli 179 John Dared, Ex. Marquifs. 180 William Williams. 142 Henry Felton. 181 Franck AJIibey. Part III. ig2 Antlionj Ap>ley, Ex. jg’j ]olm Cooper, Earl. 184 Edmond Prideaux, 185 tbomas Hajlerigge. 156 Timus Kutton. 187 Er.hds Eolejnink, 'Ey.. i 83 Edte.nd Tite. 1S9 George Chid/eigh. ipo Eiwicis Dr.ike. 19 r William Meredith. 192 Hugh Middleton. 193 G'l^'H fhornhurjl. 419 irye, Percy Herbert, Eiigli(b Marquifs. 199 Robert Filler. 1 95 Hardotph Waftneyi. 197 Hem) Skipmith. 198 Thom.is lUr. 'u. 199 Hkhobs Tempefl. 2co Fr.wcis Cettington, Ex. 201 Thom.u Hxrr'u, Ex. 202 Edward Bail^tiam, 203 John Corbet, Ex. 204 Thomat Flayters. Of ENGLAND. ! B-i.-onctS crented hy Kivy; CHARLES the i Firll. i 203 -John AjhjieU, Ex. I 2 c5 J Henry Harper. 207 E'iward Seakight, Ex. 2 c 8 John Beaumont. 209 Edward Pcriiig, 210 George Kempe, Ex. 211 Wi;/i.t.’)i Brcrelon, Ex. 1 212 P.itridiH Cunven, Ex. i 213 Widiam Ruffel. '214 John Snencer. i 215 Gilei Eliaurt. llS Tko Aylesbury, Ex. 217 Thom.n Style. 218 Fredericks Ccrnrvailis, Englijli Baron. 219 Drue Drury. 220 William Skeffingtoii, Irifi Vifeount. 221 Robert Crane, Ex. 222 Anthony Wingjield. 225 William Culpepper. 224 Giles Bridges,Eng.JiiTon, 227 John Kirle. 226 Humphrey Stiles, Ex. 227 Henry Moor. 223 Thomat Heal. 229 John Carleron, Ex. 230 Ihmas Maples, Ex. 231 John Ifham. 232 H.irvey Bagot. 233 Lewis Pailard, Ex. 234 FrancU M.innoek. 235 Henry Grijjith, Ex. 235 l.odnvick. Dyer. -37 Ih'ih Stukely. 233 Edward Stanley. 239 Edward Littleton, 240 Ambrofe Broirn. 241 Sackvile Crow. 242 Mich.icl Levc!':i,Ex. 243 Simon Benr.et, Ex. 244 Tiismas Ftjhor, Ex. 245 Th}m.is Bowrer. Eci 420 146 Butt Bam. 247 ^d’n Cor bit. 248 Edward Tirrel. 249 Bafil DixwcL Ex. 150 Richard Totwi, Ex. 2iil'/id.Pn 1 152 Slorchiujo. '.255 Tbarnai Eowlcr, Ex. 154 Jihn Fenwicl^ 155 William Wra: I', 6 John TicUnnc), 257 John Lomers. 258 John Bode,. 259 Tl::ms Ajkn. itl j'hil' 7 r:ce"'‘'^' 262 Rickard iieaii:i:M, Ex. Willum I'/ifiinin- 26 - Thomas Kijotiii-.di. 265 John J.icijiics, Ex. 256 Robot DidinJton. 261 Franck File. 2C8 John Pidi. 269 \','ti!i.im Lewes, Ex. 270 Wiilum Culpepper, 271 FetcrV,-.n-h'jr,E^. 272 John Laarence. 275 Anthon) Siirpiy. 2-1,\ Thomas I'.najour, 275 Robert I'.'olfeley. 276 Rice Rudd. 277 Richard Wifeman. 2jp John Airderjon. 2 Jo iViliiam Riijj'el. 2Sl Pochard E-cerard, 282 Tromas Foweil. 285 Willi.tm Luckin. :Sj Rkhard Gr.diatn, .Scrjch Vifcour.r. 285 Giorye Trrijlctcn, Ex. Partin 1286 IViliiam Alhn, Ex. 287 Nicholas Leftran^e. 288 John Holland.' ) 280 Edward Aleyn, Ex. 290 Richard Earl. 291 Robot Diicy. < 292 Rich. Crcneville, Ex. 293 Charles Fauafinr, 294 Edward Tirrel. 297 Edward Msfely, Ex.' 296 Mirtin Lumley. 297 Willi.tm Daljhn. 298 Henry Fletcher. 299 Mchoias Cole, 3"o Edmund Pye, Ex. 301 Simon Every. 3C2 Willi.tm Langley. 503 William Fajhn, Enilii Earl. 3:14 J.imes Stonehoufe. 305 John Fal^rave. i 306 Gerard N.ipper. : 3C7 Thomas Whitmore. I 3c8 John Miney. I 309 Thomas Cave. 1310 Chtijhpher Teliertit, Er.alijh VifcouiK. 311 r:i.ii.an Biteler. 312 Thomas Hatton. 313 Thomas Ahdy. 314 Thomas Bampfield. 1317 John Cotton. 316 Simtnds a'Ewes. 317 Henry Fredei icl;. 318 John Bitrgoyr.e. 319 John Northcote. 320 William Drake. 321 Thomas Rous. 522 Ralph Hare. 323'Jo/jn Norwich. 324 John Bmrnhov, Ex. SEljc^jefeHt^tate Part III. of ENGLAND. 3i5 Willii"’! Bnmlow. 225 Sidenhm. 327 Jdnr) Prat, Ex. 528 Pranck Kichols 529 William Strickland, 330 Pinmm Wolrick, 331 Thma Makvcrer. 332 William Bwghton. 333 Jo'm Cliic'hejier 334 hrton Ktmlchbnll. 335 Hash Windham, Ex 335 Rich Cnrew. 337 William Caftlelon. , 333 Richard Price. 339 f/ugh rMmley. i 340 William Sl’tin^e. 341 Thomas Tiever, P,K. 342 John Cnrjon. ; 343 Hi/ih Oiren. 411 Bri^gr. 345 //enrj Heynan. 345 Thomas Sandford. 347 Franck Rhodes. 348 Richard S;irignel. 349 John Potts. 350 John Goodrick- 351 Rob rt Bindlrjje, 352 William Walter. 333 Timas Landc). 3;4 William Parmer. 355 Un Vavje. 3)6 Vmas Pettw. 357 Willi.im Andrews. 358 Jo,hn Meaiix. 35p Rich.Gnrnef, Ex. 3^0 Thomas WUhs. 361 Francis Armitage. 362 Richard Halford. 363 H.'imphi} Ttifion 364 Edward Coke. 363 hfaai; Aflleji, Ex, 356 D.r-aid Cannin’ham, Ex, 367 JohnRajne). 358 Revet Eldred, Ex. 35p John Cell. 370 Vincent Corbet. 371 Jdsn Kay. 372 7/.77i7> Trollop. 373 Ediv.ird Thomas. 3~4 William Cawper. 375 Venner Strut. 376 I('j7/mw S/. ilnir.tin. 377 Robert Kempe. 378 Jsin /tw.y. 379 /"WfJ £ii7)!n, Ex. 380 Edm. Williams, Ex- 381 JohnUVllams. 382 Ifiwrar. 383 ./o'-'i Borlafe. 384 AVn;; iyjj/);/, Ex. 385 /sin Hamilm. 386 Edward Morgan. 387 Nicholas Kemys. 388 T/aw 389 jehn Reresby. 390 William Ingilby, Moor. 392 chriJhpherDawney, Irijh Vifroiint. 393 Thomas Hampfon. Tnom.is Wllliamfin. 5 Williarii Denney, Ex. 6 Richard Hat di es. 397 Chrijiopher Lowther. 9C //JsTOf /!.7?sn. ..'9 E.lw.wd Corbet. GO Middleton, Ex, ' 2 Willi.im Widdrington, Englijh Buron. 403 Malt. Valkenburgb. 404 Philip Conftable, ^•Ec3 405 E:1ie PjEfnu ^tate Part 111. 4 o 5 R‘Jph 4c6 Ei/irityd pyiMiiigtm.E:!. 407 Rolmr M,irl;bam. 4c 8 }’i:i!ip Hmgate. 409 Scepken Lenmrd, 410 WiilUm Jhmld. 411 lEdn-r Ri:djlcne. 417 lEilnr U'nn/!ep. 413 Thomas Bland. 414 Rchat Throckmorton. 415 ii'illiam Halton. 4I<) Brocket Spencer. 417 Edrrard Golding. 418 William Smith. 419 Benry Bonn. 420 V.'alter Blount. 421 Adam Littleton. 422 Thomas Lidel. 423 Richard Lawday. Ex. 424 Thomas Cbamberlam. 42n Bcnry Hmloke. 426 Tiootsus Badd 427 Rich.ird Crane, Ex. 428 Samuel Danvers. 429 Benry Anderfon. 430 William Cavafiiir, Ex. 431 Henry Jones. 432 Edmrd Walpyave. 433 Thomas Baggerjhn. 434 John Pate, Ex. 435 John Vale, Ex. 436 Bri.sn Oneal- 437 WJtllonghby Hickman. 438 John Butler. 439 Edteard AHon. 440 Francis Hawley, Jrijl Baron. 441 John I’reften. 441 John Web. 443 Thomas Preftwich. 444 Henry Williams. 445 Gervafe Lucas, Ex. 446 Robert Thor old, 447 Jt^f Scudamore. 448 Henry Bard, Ex. 449 Richard Chian, 450 HJlliam Van Coljler. 4 51 William de Boreel. 457 George Carteret, Ergliji Baron. 453 Thomas Uhidibank; 454 Benjamin Wright. 455 Edward C/wi7«3»,Es. 456 Richard Willis, Ex. Baronets created bj King CHARLES the Second. 457 T5 ‘chard Brown. 458 i\Hcny de Vic. 439 Richard Forjler. 460 Rickard Fai.ptaw. 461 WiUinra Curtins. 467 Arthnr STmgsby 463 Thomas Orby. 464 Thomas Bond. 465 Arthur Atarigny. 466 Henry Brown. 467 Jeremy Whickcot. 468 Anthony de McrceSiEn, 1 469 John Evelin. 470 Gnalter de Racd. 471 Orlando Bridgman, 477 Geofry Palmer. & part III- of E N G L A N D. 4 a 5 Htmi! FiMh Englilli •yoo Jmb Ajlkj, Eng.Ziil 501 WilHm Barvjer: 501 Thomiti Stanley. 503 John Shuck!)omg,h, 504 William Wray. 505 Kicholai Stetraril. 505 George Warbarton. 507 Brands Holies , Englilh Karon. ' Earl. . .7, John Ungham. Ivt Hnmfhtcy Winch. .-5 RoheU Abdy. Iv Tnomm Draper. ;,3 Henr) Wright, Ex. ;-q Jinalhan Keate. ?o Ungh Speke. . 3 i Sichilas Gould,Eli, ,'32 Tnoma! Adams. 4S3 Richard Acl(ins. 4?4 Thomrit Allen. 285 Henry Korth. 235 IW/.MHi iE^wian, Ex. 'I' i ' ‘in 287 Timas Culkam. 514 /Itom Ba/il Dixrvel, [whobc- Vilcount. ii!(; Mirplaced in mofl (or 5 ' 5 Gemy Hudfon. all) iltc Catalogues hither- 'i it Thomas Hobert. to Extant, it is iiercbv 517 Taomas iWdkton. .Natified , the faid B.Jil 5'8 Vemey Hoel. Darrell Ctheii of Broome -, 5'9 (^me Bufa’cl. ■508 Oliver St. John. 509 Ralph de la Val. 310 Andrew Henley. ; 511 Tnomas Ellis. '512 John Covert. Berkley , Irilh Hnife in Kent, Efq;) was created Baronet Junii 19. (id6o_) & Regis Car. 2. xii. as by the Original Records,and a Book in the Colledge of Arms, London, Marked J, p. f. 177. ap¬ pears.] 189 Thomas D.trcy. 190 George Criibham-Horv. ;r, I John Cuts, Ex. ;pl Solomon Swale. ;P3 William Humble. 194 Henry Stapleton. 197 Gervafe EIrres. \u 6 Robert Cordel. 197 John Robinfom ;ii8 John Abdr, Ex. 199 Robert Hilliard. 520 Robert Aulien. 521 Robert Hales. 522 William Boothby. 523 Wooljian Vixey. 524 John Bright. 525 John irarner. 525 Job Harby. 527 Samuel Morland. 5 23 Thomas He wet. 529 Edward Honytveod. 530 Rich.ird Brown. 531 Henry Vernon. 532 John Aubrey. 533 William Thomas. 534 Thomas Selater. 535 Henry Conway. 536 Edsrard Green, 537 John Stapeky. 738 Metcalf Robinfon, - 424 Elje pjefcnt State Part III, 539 Mumaduke OnPiam. 540 Wmium Dudley. 541 Hugh Smithfon. 541 Roger MJlin. 545 William Willoughby., Ex. 544 Anthony GUfield. 545 Peter Lekejler. 546 William Wheeler. 547 'John Kemon. 548 Thomai Lee. 549 Thomas Smith. 550 Ralph Afiton. 551 JoknfAs. 551 Henry Majwgbeard. 558 John Holes. 554 Ralph Bno, Ex. 555 John Knight ley. 5518 John Dralee. 557 Oliver St. George. 55 Si John Hottyer. 559 William Wild. 560 Jofeph Ajle. 561 John Hnv. 5^2 John Sainebtirne. 563 John Trot. Ex. 564 Humphrey Miller. 555 John Letves, Ex. 566 John Beal. 567 Richard Frar.t{lm. 568 William Rujjel. 5^0 rljanat liOQtijby, Ex. 570 William B. cbioufe, Ex 571 JolmCutleiytx. 572 Giles MoiU t. 575 i:enrf Gifford. 575 Tomas Manrvarieg. 576 Thomas Bennet. ■■,77 John llroth. 580 Humphrey Monnox, 581 John Peyton, Ex. 581 Edmond Anderfin. 583 John Fagg. 584 Mattherv Hetbert. I 585 Edrvard Ward. 576 John Keyt. 587 William Killegreiv. 588 John Buck; 589 William PfanklarJ. 590 Richard Stiddolph,lr.. 5cI William Gardner. 592 William Juxon. 593 John Legard. 594 George Mar mood. 595 John Jackfon 596 Henry Pickering. 597 Henry Bedingjield. 598 Walter Plower. 599 Herbeit Stringet, Ex, 600 William Poael. 60 1 Robert Kercton, Ex. 602 Nicholas Staughton. 603 William Rckeby. (5o4 Waller Ernley. 605 John Hubatid. 6c6 Thomas Morgan. 607 George Lane, IriJhSik. 60S George Wahcman. (5 "9 Bcnj.imin Wright. 610 John Colleton. . 611 Jatncs Mod)ford. 612 Thomas Beaumont. 6 13 Edrvard Smith. 614 ThoMas Gifford, Ex. (115 Tsvims Clifton. 616 Wtlliam Wilfon. 6f] Co’/pton Read. 618 Brian Broughton. 619 Robert Slingsby. 620 John Crafts. pjrtin. of ENGLAND R^h Verney. (22 Diccr. ^ o 4 ji Bromfeld. 524 7i3m«< Rk<>- 515 Ediourd Smith, (26 M’lr 517 yo/jn Eeltiplace. 5ig KOZ/fr ZZi’/i/f^. eip P-irjon/. 5^0 M" ZZirmkZ, Ex. 5^1 K'i.'.Zdn: 552 fZwr/ei Gatedey. 535 H'/.'/rtin Godolphin. 531 WiUiam Caky. 533 Tno/naf Ctr/on. 536 Edmund Fowel. 537 Jo!in Cr!!/>/7. 53S SwZf/;. 539 Ceaiije Coo^ 540 Charles Ut}d. 541 Nathaniel Poveel. 642 Denmy Ajhburnham. 543 Hugh Smith- 5 '4 Rribert jen^infm. 543 William Glinne. 646 John Charmcli. 647 Robert BrooZ;. thtmas Nev'l. 64c Henry Andremi. 050 Anthony Craven. 651 John Clavering. 652 Thomm l.erham. 6-,3 William Slailer. 634. Abraham Cullen. 555 James Rorfiyut. 636 Godfrey Copley. \ 657 Grifjith Williams. I 6)8 Henry Winchcombe. I 6)9 clement Clarly. j 660 rhomas Pirer. I 16 1 Timas Silyard, 662 Chriftopker Guife. 66 i Reginald Forlier. 66x Philip Parker. 665 Edward Dube. 666 Charles Hujj'ey. 66'! Edward Batbham. 669t Thomas Norton. 669 7 f/'n Dormer. 670 Thomas Carrrv. 67 I Mark Milbanly. 6-2 Richard Peothael. 673 John Banks- 674 Henry hgoUby. 5.75 FrancK Bkkiey- 6-6 Robert /afon. 677 John Toting. 67 S John Frederick i Fretjei'doif. 670 P/illtam Roberts. 6%o William Luckin. i 5 Sl Tnomas Smith. 682 Edwin Sadler. 61^ W-lliam Windham. 6?4 George Smahcoie. 6S5 George Trevilt.m. 626 Frar.cit Vuncombe. £87 NichoUs Bacon 695 Rickard Braham, 6c6 J'-hnWitetorg. 601 Philip Alatthevs. ■ 698 Robert Itcrnard. 620 Roger Lon. I 7C0 E.iw.nd Gage, 4 t 6 Eljc pjefcvit Part III, 701 John Smile. 74“ t-itileton Oihlileji.n. Chrilhpher\V^n.-l:ifcra. Oiles Taker. ,ot Ruk-ird nWlcy. 744 Stephen rlndirfm. rrj^ JmohOcr.trd. "45 Thviiiis Bmemait. Edmird F:.ril. l.\6 Tlmu hmv. 707 Robert L',r.g. 747 708 R-ifc’rf C/17. '’4'i Theophilm Biddulph. 700 WiUuxm Middlem. 749 H'illi.im Green, tx. 7 ,o 7 /O 711 Ihrnnt hinTud. 751 JohnWaljlenhtlmc. 711 Ci<6 Richard R'errdigate. ' 837 RichardCujl. mill!. 838 Francis Merton. 839 J.mes Simeon. 840 James Pool. - ' 841 George Whaiton. 7,-„. Hugh Acldand, Zrc. 843 Francis Edmards. i'_ 844 Henry Oxenden. ^ 845 James Botrycr. 845 Walter Curie, deeman 847 Ralph Dutton, dham. 848 William Dyer. 849 Jofias child. cket ® 5 ° Eltomas Skjprrith. 851 Walter Hank.efn'orlh. 852 JeremrSnow. 813 Robert Parker. 814 John Sherard. 815 Arthur Onflow. 816 W.ilter Clarges. S17 Vmas Williams. 818 Robert Filmer. 819 Edward Nevil. 820 Richard Tiilpe. 821 Thomas Samwel. 822 Charles Rich. 823 Benjamin Maddox. in-Trump. U55 William Kenrkk; 854 Samuel Marrow. 855 Roger Bradfhaigh. 876 William Stapleton. 857 Tho. Pope Blount. 858 George Walker. 859 OelebrandSas.Fan-B'fck. 86cf John Roberts. 861 Roger Beikyritb. 862 Thomas Parkins. 863 Thomas Banbury, 864 Hugh pa'ker. 428 865 Hmj Seymm. 366 Gmge Jeffreys^ Eng.Ba. 867 Hagh Mi on. 868 Jofiph Atlhn. 869 Thom.-.s Robirtftn. 870 Willhim M.iynnrd. 871 Robert Knnpier. 872 Robert ixivers. 87 3 Cane James. 874 Cornelius G.ms. 875 Timothy Thoitthil. Partin 876 EdtPard Evelyn- 877 Thomns Lear. . 878 John ll'itham. 879 James Richards. 880 George Chute. gSi Robert Dafhmod, 881 Humphry Sands. S83 George Sheers. 884 ililliarn Blacl^t. 885 William Soames. EHje gjcfctit State E.ironecs created by King J AMES. 886 lohn Child. 887 J John Sudbury, Ex, 888 Caul Jenkjnfon. 889 Robert Gnldefird. 890 Nichol.ss Sherbiirn. 891 Charles Bhys. 892 IVilliam Compton. 893 Job Char let on. 894 George Davits. 895 Cornelius Speelman. 896 iiilliam Humble. 897 James Chapman-Fulh, 898 William Pynfent. r~ 899 William Sticb. 900 William Williams. 901 Henry Aflmrfi. 902 John Morden. 903 Thomas Fitch. Baronets created hj Kitipp WILLIAM tin Third, a,id Qrueii M A R Y. 904 TJEmler M]ulfaiorth,E(qo, created Baronet/«/; 17, li. 1689. 905 John Rarnfden of TorkeJire, Efq; created Baronet November 0,0. 16S9. 906 itidiam Rrbinfm o[ Nerrhym Tori; (hire, Efq; created Baroncr February 13. 1689. 907 John Duddleton, created Baronet June 11, 1690 908 James Edwards, created Eironet, December 7, 1691’. 909 John Wentworth, of tile County of Tori;, created Ba¬ ronet July 28. 1692. Total of Baronets-909 Whereof Extinft-124 J.ivipg- 78s »ni0ljt] of ENGLAND. 42p part III. ISnigljt.J The Word Kpkht is derived from the Cerronn word Kneck, fignifying originally a Z^Jfy 5 en;/- tif, afterwards commonly ufed for a Soldier or Man of The Germans fas the ancient Romans gave their young Men Tc^am Vhilem) by publick Authority heftowed on their young Men able to manage Arms, a Shield and a Javelin, as fit ior Martial Service, and to be a Member of the Commonwealth, accounted before but a part of a Family 5 and fuch ayoung Manpublickly allowed, they called Kr.echt ; whence we l:ad our InAitution of Knight¬ hood. The thing Knight is at this day Agnified in Latin, ftemh, Si'aniffi, Italian, and alfo in High and Low Wnrc/; Tongues, by a word that properly fignifies a Horfeman, tccaulc tlicy were wont to ferve on Horfcback, and ivcte fometimes in England called Radenl:n)t!, Qid cjl) Riding Senitors ; yet our Common Law ftilcs them Mi- Ihes, Soldiers, becaufe they commonly held Lands in Knights Service, to ferve the King in his Wars as Sol¬ diers. The Honour of Knighthood is commonly given for fome I’erfonal defer:, and therefore dies with the Perfon- deferring, and defeends not to his Son. Ixnijjllts! Of tljE Csartcv.] in England there are fc- veral forts of Knights, whereof the chiefcA arc thofe of the Order of St. George, commonly called Knights of the Garter. This Order is cAcemed the moA Honourable, and moA Ancient of any now in ufe in Chrijhndom. It began, as appears in the Statutes of this Order in 1350. (50 years before the liiAitution of the French Order of Sc. Mi¬ chael, by Lemis 11 . 80 years before the Order of the Gol¬ den Fleece was ir.Aitutcd by Philip the Good, of Bitrgiin- df, .190 years before King fames the Fifth refined the Order of St. Andrew'm Scotland-, and 109 years before the Kings of Denmark, began the Order of the T.kphanl') and the 23d year of the Warlike and Puiflanc King Eihrard HI. who Triumphed fcveral times over 4;o K\}Z Ipjtfetu &tate Part III France and Scotland-, who held I’rifoncrs at one time in England, King John of France, and King Uaiid of Scii- land ; wlio by his Son Edward the Black, Prince, cxpniftil the Rebels of Cajlile, and enthroned Don Pedro theii lawful King. He that did thcl'c mighty and glorious ck- ploits, was the Koundcr of this M>jl Noble Order of li; Garter, and at firll made choice of the moll Illuflriots Perlbns of Europe'co be of that Royal Society (no doubt) upon a Martial, and not upon any fuch Amorous accouK as a Garter falling from a Ladies Leg; which ridiculos Story, to the diflionour of the Order, was firff fancied by Poltdore yirgil, and fu.cc, upon his Credit, taken up by many late Authors. It was fince commonly called The Order of the Gartti, becaufe this only part of the whole Habit of the Ordtt was made choice of at fird to be condantly worn, and that to put in mind the Companions of the Order, tbit as by this Order they were joyned in a firm League of Amity and ConcortI, lo by their Garter, as by a fall tjt of Albdion, they were obliged to love one another. Now left this (Iridl combination might feem to hart had any ether aim or end but what was honourable and juft, ad obviandani malam Inlerprctalmem, (as the ancient Records of Hlndfir fpeak) the faid King commanded tint Mato or Imprcfs to be wrcugl’.t on the Garter, vi^. //i fit yiii mal r per.fe. Eiil to him be who evil tl.hkr, 1 he reafon why this Motto was put in French, m, becaufe then the King of England ireing poirdfcd of a great part of Prtr.ce, not only our Laws, Pleadings, and Sermons were in French, hut that was the ordinary Lan¬ guage in the Court of England. It appears by ancient Writings, that this Honourablt Company is a Collcdgc or Corporation, liaving a great Seal belonging to it, and a little Seal, conftfltng of the Sovereign, (which is always the King of England) and of Twenty five Companions, called Knights of the Gartei\ of a Dean, and Twelve Canons, befides Petty-Cations, Vergers, and other inferiour Officers, and of 'Tsvettty fix poor Knights, who have no other maintenance but the Allowance of this Collcdge, which is given them in refpedlof their Prayers for the Welfare of the Sovereiin of ENGLAND. 45, snJ CM'p'ii'ioi ’!, and as a Reward for Military Scr- vicfi I his Society is cntitulid to St. George, who hath been accounted (as St. Der.is is of lo arre, St. >I»;ifreip of Snt- hrd, Sc. Fallic(i of ii'e/u/n/, St. Jumes of Spiiin, &c._) the Patron Saint of and of this Order in pani- calari and none of thofc fabulous Sr. Gecr^ei as foine have vainly fancied ; hut that famous Saint and Soldier of Chrill, St. George of Ciippiidmn: A Saint founiver- lally received in all parts of ChrijierJom, fo generally at- tcflttl by the Ecclefiafiical Writers of ail Ages from the lime of his Martyrdom to tliis Day, that no one Saint in all the Ca/eti'far (except thofeattefted by Holy Scripture) is better evidenced. There be alfo certain Officers belonging to this Office, as the Prdnte 0/ t/v G<« frr, Dr. Peicr Afttr, Biffiop of llkfo/fer, wliicil Office is fcilcd on ti’.ac Bifhoprick A Chncelkrof the Gaiter, Dr. Gilbert Bunn, Bifhop of 5a- lisiur), which Office did ac.cicnily belong to else Eifliops of Fiiliihur)', and is of lats years, by the Sovereigns fa- vour, rc-ailnext'd to that Sec: A Reiijhr, Dr. Gregory //af. end, Dean of irimff,r, which Office belongs to the Deane¬ ry. The I'rincipal King at Aims, called G.ir.'cr, Sir Titmas St. Join,’whole -chief Fur,Sion is to manage and martial their Solemnities at their Ir.ffallations and Kcaffs. Laftly, the 'Vjlicr 0/ the Gaiter, Sir I'/jawitr Dupf.i, Uflier of ihu llt.ict^ Red. There are alfo certain Orders and Conffitutions bdeng- iag to the Society, toiicliing the Solemnities in tli^ ma¬ king ilkfc Knights, iheir Duty after Creation, and their high I’liviledgcs, too long for this place. ThcCollcdgc is fea'cd in the Caflle of iiindfir, with the Chappel of Sc. Gewgr, there creCteu by King Edwatd the Thirii, and the Chaptcr-Hoiifc. The Order of the Gar.cr was wont to he bellowed up¬ on the mofl Exctllen: and Renowned I’erfons for K-'inour and Venue, and with it a Blue Garter deekt with. Gold, I'eails, and prcciousSror.es,' ai.d a Buckle of Gold, to be worn daily on the left Leg -, alfo at high Feafis they are to wear a .Surcoat , aMande, a high Clack Yclvcc Cap, a Collcr of S'Ts, compoled of ffofes enamelled Red, 431 . CIjc pjcfcnt State Part III witliin a Garter enamelled Blue, with the ufual Motto it Letters of Gold, and between each of thefe Garters, j Knot with Tall'els of Gold, together with other rtately and magniricent Apparel They arc not to be feen abroad without their Gartei upon their left Leg, upon pain of paying 6s. id. to the hcgiller; only ui taking a Journey, a Blue Ribbon under the Hoot doth fulfiee. Upon the left S;de, upon a Cloak, Coat, or riding Cali'ock, in all places of Alieinbly, when they wear not their Ro'o.s, they are to wear tiiac Ornament and im. licihflinitnt . ow worn, and called the Star, or rathet the Sun in its Glory, of Silver Embroidery ; and they ordinarily wear the I’iclurc of St. George enamelled upon Gold, and htfet with Diamonds at the end of a Blue Ribbon that hangs over their Left Shoulder. Tliegreatcft Moiurchs of Chrijlendom have been en¬ rolled, and have taken it for an Honour to be of this O.'der. There have been of this Order finec the Infliiution, Eight Emj-iiors. Tnenty feven, or Twenty eight h'ortign liiiigs, beiiJes many Sovereign I’rinces, &c. Akre, That none can be of this mod Honourable Or¬ der, that have been convifted of Hcrcfic, of 1 rtalon, Part HI. of E N G L A N D. 433 ^ SCHEME of the Sto.lU at \V I N D- s 0 R. The King The of Sovereign. Dinmork: The King 1 Prir.ee George of of Sweden. | Denmark; Eleftorof Brittideobiirgh. Duke of Zed. Ekflorof Saxott)'. Earl of Oxford. Earl of Strafford. Duke of Beaufort. Earl of Bedford. Duke of Southampton, Earl of Miilpave. Marquifs of Carmarthen. Dakerof Richmond. Duke of Hamilton. Duke of Somerfet. Duke of Horthumberland, Earl of Peterborough. Duke of A'ii/o/t Earl of Rochejicr. Earl of Fever (ham. Earl of Sunderland. ^ Duke of Ormond. Earl of Devonffiire. Earl of Dorfet. » Ff 4H Elic iDjefciU State Part lu note, Tliac anciently Kings and Vrinces were placed at. cording to tlicir Creations, bur now tliofe only are plactj according CO their Degrees- See more of this Noble Order in the Iiiflitution, Laws, anl Ceremonies ■!/ rie m fl Noble Order of the Garter, writtcnlj Elias .-Ip,mole Kfq; Eolio. i^nirdiW Bannrrri" the next place arc iiniih Hmnere'ts, Eqmtes Neiillijeti, anciently made only in tls Field in time of War an high iionour, now obfolete, then being at this time none of this Order in England. Tliefcmav bear their Arms with Supporters, and noK under this Degree, 35 lligflts: of tljr Eatij.] Knlpt^! t,pthe Bath, fo calltj of their lUthing, ufed before they were created. The liifi of this foit were made by Hen. IV. Anm 1399. who pit- paring for his Coronation, made Forty fix Knights at th Tower that were badicd, tho’ bathing was ufed inmakitj Knights Catcl'elours long before that time in France, atf probably in England. See ScLlen's tit. of Hon. f.o.c.\ ft. 34. and 4 5. They are now commonly made at the Core nation of a King or Queen, or Creation of a Prince c! VEales, or Duke of the Royal Blood. 'Il-.ey wear a Scarlet Ribbon Bdr-wife. They archill made with much Cere¬ mony, too long here to be deferibed. See aclargeinDr-- dales defciiptioii of VP.irovidJhite. fenifihts 2 iltctjflo^s.] Other Knights called Equh Annii Trom the Gilt Spurs ufually put upon them, asJ Knights B.iHhelors, Quafi lias C-'-ew/rera, K nights of low de¬ gree: For fo Batchelors in Arts or Divintt}, qoafiLot Knights, or Servitors in Arts. Thefe were anciently malt by giriling with a Sword and Gilt Spurs, and this Honour tvar befiowed only upon Sword-men for their Military Service, or upon Children who came of Noble and Puilfanc Paren¬ tage, to encourage them when they grew up to do like tlieii Ancefiors. / have heard, faid judge Thirmng Cupon tne Bench in the Reign of Hen. IV. j that a Lord had Ijjatt Son, and carried him to the font, and prefentl/ at fain ait! was Baptired, ml^hisSword and made him a Knight, faph p^rt III. of E Ni G L A N D. 435 hi a £iid Kniik, fm yw flidl nwcr b; ,i goid Efydre', miamg-ihi gnaur Title dtortns the left. Seld.lit.Hm. f.z.p-o^i Horifan Erqiilre bt made a Knight he loofeth hisnameofEfqnire; but yet if a Knight be made a Noble¬ man, he retains the name of Knight, and I'o ought to be dikd in all Writs. ■fliis aforefaid Lord, I fuppofe, was feme Eitrl at lead; for Earls had in ancient times a power of Conferring Knight- iicod, but now none can make a Knight, hut only the King, ora Lieutenant-General, by his Commillion. This was reputed an excellent and glorious Degree, and anoble Reward for couragious I'erfons; but of late being nude more common,and beflowed upon Gown me.:, con¬ trary to the nature of the thing (as Degrees in the Univer- (itics are fonietimes bellowed on Sword-men^ it is become of much lefs Reinitation in Englmd than it I’.athbeen, al¬ though it be dill accounted an honourable Degree both in and Korreign Countries; vet amongit Gown-men, ’tis given only to Lawyers and Phyfitians. /lltii if the Knights Birchclours, tarJcL-/ Ills prejetit Majeft)' King Wiiliani. A Sihom Kecli Efq-, William Raivlmfait Efq; f/esif Pollexfen Efq; All three Knighted at \i'l:iteh,tll March s.iCSS. Chiles Sidles, Knighted at Whitehall -March 11. i oSS. Vmas Pillingron Efq; Knighted Ajril lo. 1689. I'l'illi.wt Efq; of the Middle-Temple, Knighted tlp>ilio., 63 o. Rokii Hanifm Efq; Knighted at Whiichal April 12. 1689. Capt. John Alhlp, -MdCiy:. Clmjh Sieuicl, both Kiiighted onShip-board, Map i^, iC-Sc. ' Charles Hedges, of Dodors-Commons, Lwdoti, judge of the Admiralty, Knighted at lE«ite/w//June 4. KSo. ^dmdMsje!;, of Hulhg in Lancajhire, Efq; Knighted at ,lWM,june,.. ,689. Cmles 0 liarts, Ideiitcnant-Coloncl of the Regiment of F f 1 Foot- Partin. 436 jn3cpjcfcut State =nd ^««Wo», borli Knighted at SSq?oiic% Barons of the Excliequer, tiasK^b-, F.fq?One of the juftiecs of ehc Common- riE^Fw-erEfa- One of the Judiccs of theKings-Bench. Gtla E l cs tlq, ,l,Munices of the Comraon-PIcas, yoinSStlfq; one'of the Baronsof the Exchequer. Oeorga Huldhii Efq; SSS i Their Majefties Serjeants at, IE;/;i.im 7 /)W#iiElq; C John Tfcrxlliri it Efq; ' TkLrma, dchkl^cr, Efq; Knighted at MnU! ucd at H’fiii- >;»»£'! of'Sto, "“taat, OovnooT of flf" 3 ;?rn;, Gour-i,, dop.„.oo.o- of the faid Company. Both Knigitted at Ke^Hton Sep- ' ‘°9°' , • CrnixedfeKOtEfq; ol Horilte-dom m Sum, Kmgn.en Partin. of ENGLAND. 437 Hen') Fmnacfj of London, Kniglitcd at tlie Ha^ue, OSob. ri. idji. Rid.ird Lovett Efq; Sheriff of London, Knighted at Ken- fin^ton Oftob. 21. itpi. Jdn Potvell Efq; one of the Barons of the Exclicquer, Kniglited at Whitehall, Novemb. 4. 1591. The Right Honourable C/wr/ea Earl of Dorfet, Knighted at nknehall the 2. of h'cb. ifpi. Capt. John Go'dsborongh, Knighted at nhitehall, Fcbr. 5. idpi. Oidfrid Kneller Efq; Principal Painter in Ordinary, Knight¬ ed at Kenfingion, March 3. i f 91. LbomatTrevor Efq; Solicitor General. S.tlalhiel Lovel Ef]; Recorder of London. Both Knighted at Kenfington OSio'.o. 11,1^92. Major John VVildman Efq; I VVMam Stnwen, William Core Efq; Roovhnd Ainfmrlh, James Houblon Efq; John Toche, Leonard Minfin Efq; I J'ofai Child E(qi All Eight Knighted at GidW-f.i// Ofiob. 39. 169a. Littleton Fowls E(q-, Knighted at ry/WM//, Dec-4. 1692. Edwin Stede, of Siede-hill in Kent, Knighted at l^l^hitehall, Jan. 21 Idol. C'criJIopher Greenfield Efq-, ol Frejlon in Lancafhire, Kniglited at.jan. 25 . 1692. Timas Wagflajf of Tachbroke in the County of VF'arwicl^, Knighted at Kenfington, l-'cb. iq. idqa Jihn G.i)er Efq; Governour of Bomh.tr, Knighted at Ken- fington, March if. i 5 oi. Ifsiic liebnv, of Colehejlei-, Knighred K Harwich, March 6. 1692. Edward Ward Efq;, .Attorney General, Knighted the 30. of Offob. 1693. Timas Abney Efq; one of the Sheriffs of Knighted Novem. 2. 1693. Ciarlet Lloyd Efq; Knighted ar Kcnftngton, Novem. 24. idpq. Thcfe are now made with no other Ceremony but kneel- ingdown, the King with a drawn Sword lightly toueheth them on the Shoulder; after which the King heretofore faid in French, Sois Chev.ilier a:t mm de Uien, and then Advance Chevalier, Knights 458 EI)c pjcfciu gitate P^rtlll Knightsluvc tlieTitleof 5 ir, as Sir>f. B. Knight,which is very ancient; it was in common ufc in the time oiFdiv. Vl. When a Knight is to fuller death for any (ou! Ciime, his Military Girdle is firft to be iingirt, his Sword taken away, his Spurs cut oft'wirh an Hatchet, his Gauntlet pluckt ofl'j'and his Coat of Arms reverfed. Gfquire-] Next among the lower Nobility, are £/■ lya/ifj, fo called from the French word Ejeukrs ScKti^eri, bccaufethey were wont to bear before the Prince in War, or before the better fort of Nobility a Shield, or clfe perhaps becaufe they bear a Coat of Arms as Enfigns of their defeent, and by our Lawyers arc called Ami- geri. Of this Title are fitft all Vifeounts eldeft Sons, and all Vifeount; and Barons younger Sons; and by the Com¬ mon Law oiBiglmd, all the Sons of Earls, Marquiffes and Dukes, are Efquires, and no more. Next arc the Ef- quires of the King’s Body, mentioned among the Officers of the King’s Court; after thefe arc reckoned tlte eldeft Sons of younger Sons of Barons, and of all Noblemen of higher Degree; then Knights eldcfl Sons, and their elder Sonsffor ever. Next, Efquires created by the King, by putting about their Necks a Collar of SS’s, and bcflowing on them a pair of Silver Spurs. Laftly, divers that are in Superior publick Office for King or State, arereputedEf- quires or equal to Efquires, as Sergeants of the fcvcral Of¬ fices in the King’s Court, and other Officers of Rank and if’enw Orinnili, qnoiwn Af.ijonm nemo fervitutem fervivit, ir q«i Capite Diminnti non fmt, where Senitntem Servire, iito be undcrAood of mean and hafe fervirude, not fer- ving a Prince cr Senator ; thefe were Gentlemen by Eirtli; but fince the declining of the Empire, Geniality ii, as the Lawyers plirafe it, nativa, as well as Hativa ; Anti nottvithAanding the Spani^i Proverb, El Key no piiede titer Hidalgo, The King cannot make a Gentleman (mean¬ ing//tja or Filins Gothi, the Son of iGoth, or of an Ancient Family; they reckoning their AnceAry from the (ioths as we do ours from the French under William the Conqueror) yet the King of England cm make a Gen¬ tleman by Charter, or by beAowing an Honourable Em¬ ployment on him. Gentlemen well defeended, and well qualified, have al¬ ways been of fuch repute in England, that none of the higher Nobility, no nor the King himfclf, have thotiglic it unfitting to make them fometimes their Companions. The Title of Gentlemen in England (as of Cavalier in France, Italy, and Spain) is not difdained by any No- hlcnian. All Noblemen are Gentlemen, though all Gcn- ikmeii arc not Noblemen. Ff 4 The 4|o SLije |p?cfcnt State Part III, The State of Gentry was anciently fuch, tliat it wjj accounted an Abafing of Gciury to put their Sons to get their Living by Shopkeeping; and our Law did account it a difparagement of a Ward in Chivalry, to be marri¬ ed to a Shopkeepers Daughter, or to any mter Citizen; for Tradefmen in all Ages and Nations have been repu¬ ted Ignoble, in regard of the Doublmtfs of their Toitgue, without which they hardly grow llicli, (tor i.ihil popn. mt, itifi inentiunlur, as Tit///obierves: So the Son of S)rar, Eccluf. i 6 . 59. A Merchai.r (l:ail h.irdly (ttf kiirfelf from doing iVrong, and an Hnckfiir (intli not to friti from Sin.J And thcrtfoic among the Thebans no Man wit admitted to places of Honour and Ttud, unlefs he had left cfTTrading ten Years before. So by the Imperial Laws, a mere Tradelman is not capable of any Honourable E- flate, r.cr to be a Commander over Soldiers; and there¬ fore the Englrfb Nobility and Gentry till within late year.-, judged it a Stain and Diminution to the Honour and Dig¬ nity of their Families, to fcek their Ch.ildrens fupport by Shop-keeping, but only (as in ail great Monarchies) by Military, Court, State, or Church Imploymcnt, mucli lefs to fubjeft their Children to an Apprentifage, a per- feft fervitude; for during that time, what ever they gain by their Mailer’s Trade, or their own Wit, belongs all to their Maficr; neither can they lie out of their Mallet's Houfc, nor take a Wife, nor Trade of their own, but fubjefttoali Hcudiold Work,all Commands of their Mailer, undeigowhat Puniflimcnts, and ear, and wear what their Mafier pleafeth; which marks of Slavery confidered. He¬ ralds are of opinion, Th,ita Gentleman theiebyiofethhis Gentility for ever, 'till he can otherwife recover it- However GuiLim is of the opinion. That if a Gentleman be bound an Apprentice to a Merchant, or other Trade, he hath not thereby loll his degree of Gentility. Tart 2, up. IC. W 155- ' The true Englifli Nobility and Gentry have in all times made it their main Aim to endow their Sons with fuch Accompliflimcnts, efpecially as might render them capa¬ ble to defend their Country in time of War, and to go¬ vern it in time of Peace, for which Two things all Gen- tk'.men feem to be born j and therefere their chief Stu¬ dies Partin. of ENGLAND. 441 dies have ever been that of the great Emperor JuPiman, and (hpuld be of all Princes and Nobles, Doni Leges fmit Amn quam oyiime callere •, To be excellently Skilled in the Art of War abroad, and in the Laws of the Land at home. Triviltilges (f the Lotvir Nohility. T he Lower Nobility of En^Und have fewer and Icfs Priviledges than thofc in otcer Monarchies. Some few Priviledges belong to Knights, quatems Knights. Knights are cxcufed from attendance at Court Leets. Knights, by Magna Charta, cap, 21. ate fo freed that no Demcfn Cart of theirs may be raken. The Son and Brother of a Knight, bv Statute Law, are capacitated to hold more than One Benefice for the Cure of Souls. By the Scic, prim J.icobi primi, it feems that Knights and their Sons, fthough ti'.ey cannot fpend k /. per An- mm, nor are worth 200 /.) may keep Greyhounds, Set¬ ting-Dogs, or Nets, to take Pheafants or Partridges. Some Priviledges alfo belong to Genilcmen; ancient¬ ly if an Ignoble Perfon did flrike a Gentleman in Eng¬ land, he was to lofe bis Hand. A Gentleman, by Stat. quint. Eli\. cap. 4. may not be compelled to ferve in Husbandry. If a Capiai go againfl A. B. Yeoman, and if the Shc- rift take A. B Gentleman, an Aftion of falfe Imprifon- menr heth againft the SheriH'. The Child of a Gentleman brought up to Sing, cannot he taken without the Parents ana Friends confent, to ferve in rhe King’s Chappel, as others may. The lictfe ot a Gentleman may not be taken to ride Pod. A’ore, that as there arc fpme great Officers of the Crown, whofortheir Dignity,and worth of their places,although they are not Noblemen, yet take place amongft the liiglieft of the higher Nobility, fo there are fome Perfons who 41.2 irijc IDjerctn &tate Partllf. who for their Dignities in the Churcl), Degrees in the llniverfity, Offices in tiie State or Army, although they are neither Knights nor Gentlemen born, yet take place amongft them; fo all Deans, Arch-Deacon;, Chancel, lots, I’rebends, Doiiors of Divinity, Law,l’hyficlc, anti Mu. fick, Heads of Houfes in the Univerfities, ufually take place next to Knights, and before ordinary Efquircs and Gentlemen. Yet in other Chriffian Countries where the Civil Lau hath its due credit in fuch Afts as concern Learning, a Doftor of Law hath precedence of a Knight; asalfoat Court and foreign Parts, thofc Doftors that wait on the Prince, precede Knights who are Servants to the Prince; but otherwife Knights ufually take place of Doftors. Colonels are Honourable, and by the Law of Arras ought to precede fimpic Knights; fo arc all General Of¬ ficers, as Mailer of Artillery, C[uarter-.Maller-General, •I3!. All higher Officers in the King's Court, or State, all Sergeants at Law, ^c. thefe are to precede Efquircs. All Batchelors of Divinity, Law, and Phyfick, all Do¬ ftors in Arts, commonly called Mailers of Arts, all Ear- rillers in the Inns of Court, all Captains, and other Mi¬ litary Officers who have the King’s Commilfions, divers other Officers in the King’s Houlhold, isc. may equal, if not precede Gentlemen that have none of thefe Qualifi¬ cations. In England, Gentry, fas in German^', all Nobility) and Arms are held in Gavd-llnd, dcfcending to all tire Sons alike, only the eldcfl Son bcarcth Arms,without dilTc- rcnce, which the younger may not. Of the Loivcr Nobility in England, the Number is fo great, that there are reckoned at prefent above yoo Ba¬ ronets more than the firfl intended Number, that is, in all about 749, who are polTcll, one with another, of a- bout HOC)/, a Year in Lands. ■ Of Knights, above 1400 who one with another may have about 800 /. Lands a year. Of Efquircs and Gentlemen above 6000, each one polTefl, one with another, of about 400 /. a year in Lands, amounting in all to about |a Third part of the yearly Revenue of all England: Belides younger Brothers, whofc Number may amount to above 1600 in all England, Part III- cf E N G L A N D. 443 wlioliavc finall Eftatcsin Land, but are commonly bred up to Divinity, the Law, Phyfick, to Court and Military Employments-, but of late too many of them to Shop¬ keeping. All in EngAi/w are accounted Gentlemen who maintain tliemfclvcs without Manual Labour, and then well may iliofc [be their Pedegree whatiuwill)who have 6, B,and icoco/. a year in Lands, and divers Merchants who have icoaon or aooooo/. in Goods and-Effefls, fliie thcmfelves Gentlemen. UfOtilcn.] Next to the Lower Nobility, and the firft degree of tlte Commons or Plebeians, arc the Free-hol- dersin Eng/.md, commonly called Teo/nen, from the high Dutch, Gcmen, or Gcintiin, in Englifh, Commo-.r. So in the King’s Court it fignilies an offeer which is in a middle Place hetween a Sergeant and a Groom; or elfc ftom the Low Dutd’, H’amnii, Some Body. Tlic Yeomanry of EngUr.d having Lands of their own to a good Value, and living upon Husbandry, are looked upon as not apt to Commit, or Omit any thing that may endanger their Eftates and Credits, not apt to be cor¬ rupted or fuborned, dyyc- wherefore they are adjudged fit to bear fomc Offices, as of Conftable, Church-warden, to ferve upon Juries, to be Train’d Soldiers, to Vote in the Eleftioti of Knights of the Sliire of Parliament, {jrc. In Cafes and Caulcs, the Law of England hath concei¬ ved a better Opinion of the Yeomanry,that occupy Lands, than of Tradefmen, Artificers, or Labourers. Husbandry hath in no Age rendered a Gentleman Ig¬ noble, nor uncapable of places of Honour- Among the Romans, fomc of the greateft Diftators and Confuls had been once Husbandmen, and fomc of them taken from plowing their Ground, to bear thofe highefl Offices and Dignities, as L- Cincinnatus , one of the Cato's, and many others; fo divers Princes, Kings, and Emperors have exercifed Agriculture; and the grand Sciph, and the Emperor Diockfian, left their Commands to enjoy Husbandry. Of the Freeholders of there are niore^iii number and richer than in any Country of the like extent in 444 ^jcfent &tate Part III EMpe, 40 or 50/. a year apiece is very ordinary, ico and tool, a year in fome Counties is not rare; fome- times in Kent, 1000, and 1500/. prr Annum, arid 3 or 4000 /. S'.ock. By tlie Statutes of En^Uni, certain Immunities are gi- vcn CD Freeholders. Vide Smt. i Jnc. 1. c.tp 27.^^ “libi, Bcfidcs thefe Free-hoMcrs Cuhich are fo called, be. caufe they hold Lands or Tenements inheritable by a perpetual Right to them and their Heirs for ever) there arc in England a very great Number of Copy-holders, who hold Lands within feme Mannours, only by Copy of Court Roll of the faid Mannour, {^c. and have Jui fcrpeinnm {'T utile Dmir.inm, though not AUodkm'ipfDi- reihim Dominium, which Free-holders may Improperly be faid to have; for Properfy none in Englandhm the King hath. Thefe Yeomen were famous in old time for Military Ya- lour and hardinefs, when ive fo often Conquered France', and of thefe is or fliould be the Militia of £(/g//indchief¬ ly compofed. Amo’ngfl the Commons of England, in the next place, are reckoned Tradefmen, among whom Merchanti of foreign Tratfick, have, for theit great benefit to the Pub- lick, and for their Endowments and generous Living, been of bell Repute in England ; and although the Law of England looks upon Tradefmen and Chapmen that live by Buying and Selling, as a baftr fort of People, and that a Ward within Age might bring his Aftionof Difparagcment againfl his Guardian for offering any fucli in Marriage; yet in England, as well as Italy, to become a Merchant of foreign Commerce, without ferving an Apprentifage, hath been allowed no difparagement to a Gentleman born, efpccially to a younger Brother. Amongft Tradefmen, in the firft place ate VVhoIe- fale-Men, then Retailers; lafily Mechanicks, or Hmdi- crafifmen. Thefe are all capable of bearing fome Sway or Office in Cities and Towns Corporate. The lowefl Member, the Feet of the Body Politick, are the Day Labourers, who by their large Wages, and the cheapnefs of all Neceffaties, enjoy better Dwel¬ lings, Diet, and Apparel in England, than the Husband¬ men or Farmers do in many other Countries. Part III, of ENGLAND. 445 Liberties and Friviledges. A S the Clergy and Nobility have certain Priviledgcs peculiar to themfelve', fo they have Liberties and Properties common to the Commonalty of EngUnd. The Commons of England., for Hereditary hundamen- tal Liberties and Properties, are bled above and beyond the Subjefts of any Monarch or State in the World. Firfl, No Freeman of fogtarfoughtto be imprifoned, or otherwife reflrained, without cauie (hewn, for which, by Law, he ought to be fo imprifoned. Secondly, To him that is imprifoned, may not be de¬ nied a Writ of Habeas Corpus, if it be defired, which brings ’em fpeedily to their Tryal. Thirdly, if no caufe of imprifonment be allcdged, and the lame be returned upon an Habeas Corpsss , then the Prifoner ought to be fet at Liberty. Fourthly, No Soldiers can be (Quartered in the Houfe cf any Freeman, in time of Peace, without hi; Will, though they pay for their Quartets •, nor in time of War, unkfs the Enemy be in our Country- Fifthly, Every Freeman hath fuch a full and abfolute Propticiy in his Goods, that no Taxes, Loans, or Ecnc- voltnccs, ordinarily and legally can be impofed upon them, without their own Confent, by their Reprefenta- tive in Parliament. Moreover they have fuch an abfo¬ lute Power, that they can difpofe of all they have how they pleafe, even from their own Children, and to them in what inequality they will, without fhewing any caufe; which other Nations, governed by the Civil Law can¬ not do. Sixthly, No Engli(li-man can be Pred, or compelled funlefs bound by his Tenure ) to march forth of his Country, to ferve as a Soldier in the Wars, except in cafe of a Foreign Enemy’s invading, or a Rebellion at Home: Nor may he be fent out of the Realm againd his Will, upon any foreign Employment, by way of an Honourable Eanidiment. Seventhly, 44(5 El)t 13jcfcut &!ate Partlil, Seventhly, No Frccmqn can be tryed but by his Peers, nor condemned but by tire Laws of the Land, or by an Aft of Parliament. Eigthly, No Freeman may be fined for any Crime, but according to the merit of the O.lencc, always Salv) fitt mrcncmcnto j'm, in fucli manner that he may conti¬ nue, and goon in his Calling. Briefly, if it be confidered only, that they are fub- jeft to no Laws but what they make tliemfelves, nor no Taxes but what they impofc upon thcmfclves,and pray the King and the Lords to confent unto, tiieir Liberties and Properties muff be acknowledged to be tranfeen- dent, and their worldly Condition molt happy andbicf. fed, and fo far above that of the Subjeifts of any of out Neighbour Nations, that as all the Women in Europe would run into Englami, Cthc Paradife of Women) if there were a Bridge made over the Sea; fo all the Men too, if there were but an Act fora general Naturalizati¬ on of all Aliens. C II P. V. of the Wmcvi Childrin, nnd Servants in Eng¬ land. T ouching the Women of Euglmd, there are divers things confiderable in the Engl!(b Laws and Cu- ftoms. Women in Englund , with all tl'.cir moveable Goods, fo foon as they arc married, are wholly in p:te- Ji.ite Viri, at the Will and difpofitionof the Husband. If any Goods or Chatties be given to a Feme Cnvert, (i.e.) to a married Woman, they all immediately be¬ come her Husbands : She cannot Let, Set, Sell, Give a- way, or Alienate any t'nng without her Hiisband’a Confent. i-ler very necelTary Apparel, by the La-.v, is not hers in Property. If (he hath any Tenure at ail, it is in C,i- pite, that is, flie holds it of, and by her Husband, who is Caput Milie/is. Ail PAft III. cf ENGL AND. 447 All tlic Cliatilcs perfanal the Wife had at the Marriage, arc fo much her Husband’s, that after his Death, they fliall not return to his Wife, but go to the Exer itor, or Ad- roiniArator of the Husband, as his other Goods and Chat¬ tels, except only her Ptiraplxm.i, or prster Voulia, which arc I’lCr neceffary Apparel, which with the confent of her Husband, file may devife by Will, not oiherwifc by our Law, becaufe the Property and PoHellion, even of the j'r.raf -ernit are in him. 'ihe Wife can make no Gontraft without her Husbands confent, and in all Law-Matters, fine liro refpmdere nos cannot reply without her Husband. Tlic Law of Englund fuppofes in the Husband the Posv- erover his Wife, as over his Child or Servant, and there¬ fore he muft anfwcr for his Wire’s Fault; if file wrong another by her Tongue, or by Trefpals, he muft make Satisfaftion. So the Law makes it as high a Crime, and allots the fame Panifliment to a Woman that (hall kill her Husband, as to a Woman that fiiall kill her Father or Mafter; and chat is Pttit-Treafon, to be burnt alive. So that a Wife in England is de jure, but the beft of Servants having nothing her own, in a mpre Proper fenfc than a Child hath, whom his Father fuffers to call many tilings his own, yet can difpofc of nothing. The Woman upon Marriage lofeth not only the Power over her Perfon, and her Will, and the property of her Goods, but her very Name; for ever after (he ufeth her Husband's Surname, and her own is wholly laid afidc ; which is not obfervetl in France and other Countries, wlierc the Wife fubferibes her fell by her Paternal Name, as if Sufar.na the Daughter of R. CAifford, be martied to E. Cham- lerlii)'nc, flic cither writes her fclf Sufunna Clifford, er eife Siifwna Clifford Chnmkrhpis. Notwithifanding all which their Condition de faUo i; the heft of the World; for fuch is the good Nature of Englijh-iim towards their Wives, fuch is the Tendemefs and Refpeft, giving them the uppermoft Place at Table, and clfewherc, the Right hand every where, and putting them upon no Drudgery and Hardfliip; that if there were a Bridge over into England, as aforefaid, it is thonghc al] flic W'oia cn in Europi would run hither. Bcfidcs 448 Eije ^Djcftnt j&tate Part III, Beddes in fomc tilings the Laws of Englmd are above otlier Nations, fo favourable to that Sex, as if .Women had voted a: the making of them. If a Wife bring forth a Child, during her Husband’s long Abfence though it be for fome Years, yet if he lived all the time r/itei qtiaiuor Maria, within this Ifland, ht muff Father that Child; and if that Child be her firll born Son, he 111 ill Irdierit that Husbands Eftate, if Intail, ed, or left without Will. If a Wife bring forili a Child begotten by a former Husband, or by any other, before Marriage,but born after Marriage, with another man; this Latter mull own the Child, and that Child fiiall be his Heir at Law. The Wife, afver her Husbands Death, having no Joyn- tore fettled before Marriage, may challenge the third Part of his yearly Rents of Land during her Life; and within the City of London, a third part of all her Husbands Move, able s for ever. As the Wife doth participate of her Husbands Name, folikewife of his Condition. I( he be a Duke, Ihe is a Dutchefs; if he be a Knight, lire is a Lady ; if he be an Alien, marie a Denifon, the li ipjo failo fo coo. If a Fr«. man marry a Bond-woman, (lie is allb Free during the Coverture ; whereof allb it is faitl as before, Vxor fiilttt Tadiis Marili All Women in England arc comprifed under Noble or Ignoble. No'ole-Womcn are fo three manner of ways, by Creation, by Defccnt, and by Marriage. The Ring, the Fountain of Honour, may, anriofc hath created Women to be BaroneircE,Counccllts,Dutchcires,f!rc. As by Richard the Seconds Creation, Margaret Countefs of R’vfdl^, was made Dutchtfs of R'oif>ll(_ for Life; fo Anai git'/L’n afterv.ards Wife to//.-n. VIII. was made Marchio- nefs of Rembroke-, the Lady Mary Compton in King James the I- Time, was made Countefs of Buckingham iot Life ; thefaid \[\ag James made the Lady Ffne/j Vifcoun- tcls of Maidjlone, to her and the Heirs Males of her Bo¬ dy, with a fpccial Claufc, That fuchher Hcirs-Malcs Ihoiild have Voice and Place in Parliament, inter alios ykecomites . By Defcent.all thofe Women arc Noble, to whom Lands hoUen by fuch Dignity, do defeend as Heirs: for Digni¬ ties and Titles of Honour, for want of Males do fometimeS defeend to Females, but to one of them only, becaufe they are things in their own Nature entire, and not to be divided amongft many (as the Lands and Tenements arc which defeend to all the Daughters equally,) belides, by dividing Dignities, the Reputation ofHonour would be loft, and the ftrength of the Realm impaired ; for the Ho¬ nour and Chivalry of tlie Realm, doth chiefly confift in the Nobility thereof. By Marriage all Women are Noble, who take to their Husbands any Baron or Peer of the Realm; but if after, wards they marry to Men not Noble, in the Senfe of the Law, they lofc their former Dignitv,and follow the Conditi¬ on of their latter Husband, for eodem imda dijjilnitur earnm Mlitas, ijiio mfiitmtur. But Women Noble by Creati¬ on, or Defcenr, or Birth-right, remain Noble, though they marry Husbands under their Degree; for fuch No¬ bility is counted Chummier indelebilis. Here note, that by the Courte^es of England, a Woman Noble only by Mar¬ riage, alway retaineth her Nobility; and fo the Widotv of a Knight, married to an inferior Perfon, retaineth by Courtefie, the Title and Name gotten by her former Husband: But if the King’s Daughter "mairy a Duke or an Earl, ilia femper dicitnr Rcgalis, as well by Law as Courtefie. Notealfo, that any Woman who is Noble by Birth, if Die be married to a Baron, takes Place according to the Degree of her Husband, though (he be a Cuke’s Daugh¬ ter -, but if file marry to one under thofe of the higher Nobility, as to a Knight, or Gentleman, then, by Cour¬ tefie, place is given according to her Birth, and not her Husband. ) Noble-Women in the Eye of the Law, arc Peers of the Realm, and are to betryed by their Peers, and to enjoy soft other Priviledges, Honour and Refpeft, as their Huf- ♦ G g bind 450 SCIjc pjtfcnt S!>tatc Part Hi, '^ands; only they cannot hy the Opinion of fome great l awyers, maintain an Aftion upon the Statute of r/e Scm- dah Magmm, the Maktrs of that Statute meaning only to provide in that Cafe for tlie great Men, and not for the Women, as the words of that Statute Item to import; Likewife if any of the King’s Servants within his Check- Roll, (hould confpire the Death of any Noi-.ie Woman, thii were not Felony, as it is, if like confpiracy be againfta Noble-Man. None of the Wives Dignities can come by Marriage to their Husband, although a'l their Goods and Chatties do; only theWive’s Dignities with the Lands, are to defeend to her next Heir: Yet is the Courtelic of England fucli, that as the Wrfc for her Dowry hath the third part ofhet' Husband’s Lands, during her Life, fo the Husband forthe Dignity of his Sex, and for getting his Wife with Child, (which mull appear by being horn alive ) fhall have all his wive’s Lan Is (for his Dowry, if it may be fo called) during his Life-• But if a foreign Lady or Gentlewoman, marry an Englifl) Man, and Hie her felf be not denizened, flic is barrd all I’riviledgesand Titles due to her Husband, nor can fhe claim any.Dowry by the Laws of England. By the conftitution of England^ married Perfons are fo fart joyned, that they may not be wholly parted by any Agreement between thcmfelvcs, but only by Sentence of the Judges, and fuch Separation is cither d F/ncn/o Malti- mnii. and that is, ob prscanirallm, vel ob cmralhm pet metum ejfcSIum., velob frigiditatem,vel ob /lffinitatem,fiv! Confangmnitatm, vel ob [.tv'niam ; or elfe fuch Seperation is a Mcnfa fy Thoro, and that is ob Adaltetmn. The Wife in England is accounted fo much one with her Husband, that fhe cannot be produced as Witnefsforor againll her Husband. If there be no Sons, the Lands as well as Goods arc equally divided amongfl the Daughters, who are Co-heirs. If an Englifli Woman marry a French, -Sg.ini/Ii, or other foreign Duke, tho’ he be made a Denizen, yet fhe fhall not bear his Title and dignity in Legal Proceedings. The like if flie marry a Scotch, or hijl/ Peer, by rea- fon fuch an ones Husband is no: a Peer in England b) Law. Childterl Part in. of ENGLAND. 451 Children. T H E Condition of Children in England is different from tliofc in our Nciglibour Countries. As Husbands have a more abfolutc Authority over their Wive!, and their Eftatts, fo Fatl.ers have a more abfo- luic Authority over their Children. Fathers may give all thtir Eftates unintailed from their own Children, and all to any own Child, and none to the reft; thcConfi- dcradon whereof keeps the Children in great Awe. Cnildren, by the Common-Law of England, are, at cer¬ tain Ages, enabled to perform certain Afts. A Son at the Age of 14. may chufc his Guardian, may, claim his Lands holden in Soeage, may confent to Mar¬ riage, may, by Will, difpofc of Goods and Chattels. At the Age of 15. he onght to be fworn to his Alle¬ giance to the King. At 21. he is Laid to be of full Age, may then make any Contraft, may pafs, not only Goods, but Lands by Will 5 which in other Countries may not be done, till the Annut Cmfiflentk, the Age of 25. when the heat of the Youth is iomewhae abated, and they begin to be flayed in Mind, as well as in Growth. A Daughter at 7. Years is to have Aid of her Father’s Tenants to marry her, for at thofe Years (he may confent unto Marriage, tho fhe may afterwards diffent. Ac 9. fhe isDawable. Ac 12. file is able to ratifie and confirm her former Con¬ fent givefl to Matriraony;and if at that Age file diffent not, Ihc is bound forever;fhemay then make a Will of Goods and Chattels. At 14. fhe might receive her Lands into her own Hands, and was then out of Wardlliip; if fhe was 14. at the Death of her Anccflor. At Id. (^though at the Death of her Anceflor (he was under 14.) (he was to be out of W’ardfhip, bccaufe then llie might take a Husband, who might be able to perform Kniglics Service. 451 SiljepjtfeHt&tatc Part III, At2t. (lieis enabled toCof.raaor Alienate her Lands by Will, or otherwife. TheEldcflSon Inlicrits all Lands, and to the younger Children are difpofed Goods and Chattels, and com- monly the eldeft Son's Wive’s Portion ; and bcCdes.they are carefully Educated in fome Profeflion or Trade. If there be no Son, the Lands, as well as Goods are e- qually divided amongft the Daughters. Of Servants. T he Condition of Servants in England, is much more favourable, than it was in our Anceftors Days, svhen it was fo bad, that England svas called the Purgatory of Servants, as it was, and is Hill the Paradice for Wives, and the Hell for Horfes. Ordinary Servants are Hired commonly for one Year, at the end whereof they may be free (giving warning Three Months before; and may place themfelveswith other Mailers, only it is aecounted Difcourcccus and Unfriendly to cake another Mans Ser¬ vant, before Leave given by his former Mafter; and In- difereetto take a Servant without Certificate of his Dili¬ gence, and of his Faithfulnefs in his Service, to his former ^^^Al^Servants are fubjeft to be correSed by their Mafiers, or MiflrclTcs; and Refiflance in a Servant is punifhed with feverc Penalty; but for a Servant to take away the Life of his Mailer or Millrcfs, is accounted a Crime next toHigh-Treafon, and called Petty-Treafon, and hath a peculiar Punilhment Capital . Foreign Slaves in England there arc none fince Chri- llianity prevailed. A Foreign Slave brought into England, is upon Landing, it{ofa(!o,(tcc from Slavery, but not from ordinary Service. Some Lands in England are holden in Villanage, to do foine particular Services to the Lord of the Mannour; and fuch Tenants may be called the Lord’s Servants. There is a Two-fold Tenure called Villanage, one where the Tenure only is Servile^ as to plough the Lord’s Grounds, Sow. PanllL of ENGLAND. 455 Sow, Reap, and bring home his Corn, Dung his Land, eJrr. the other whcreliy both I'erfon and Tenure isfervile, and bound in all Refpetfis ac the dirpofition of the Lord; fuch Perfons arc called in Law Pioc /iSnini, and are to doall Villanous Services, to Improve the Land they hold to the Lord’s ufc, themfelves to be wholly at the Lord’s Service, and whatfoever they get is for their Lord; of fuch there arc but few now in England-, the neared to this conditi¬ on are Apprentices (that fignifies Learners} a fort of Ser¬ vants that carry the mark of pure Villains, or Bond- Slaves, (as before in the Chapter of Gentry is intima¬ ted) differing however in this, that Apprentices are Slaves only for a time, and by Covenant, tlte other are foat the Will of their Madcr. CHAP. VII. Of the Laws of England. Ciljil=\ "V^THere Common and Statute-Law takes )lato _r V V no Cogniv.ancc, ufe is made of that Law of Laws called the Civil-Law, wherein is to be had what all the Wifed and Nobled Men of the mod dou- rilhing and Puiffant State that ever was in the World, rould in the fpacc of many Hundred Years by their own Wifdom or Rcafon devife, or from any other People learn; fo that this Law may be lookt on as the Produft of the common Rcafon of all Mankind, and fitted for the Interedand Welfare not of one Nation only, but taking care for the general Affairs of all People. Of this Law ufe is made in all Ecclefiadical Courts of Bidiopr, Arch- Deacons, Vicars-General, Chancellors, and Commiffaries, whenever Cognizance is taken of Wills and Tedaments, of Tythes, Oblations, Mortuaries, of Matrimony, of Divorce, Adultery, Inced, Fornication, Chadity attem¬ pted ; of Sacred Orders, Inditutions to Church-Livings, Celebration of Divine Offices, Reparation of Churches, » Gg 3 Dilapi. 4H ffilicpjcffnt&tate Part HI, Dilapidations, Procurations; of Hcrtfie, Apofiacy, A- theifni, Hcrcfy, Sciiifm, Simony, Blafphemy, frc. Soof this Law is made ufe in the Court of Admiralty, in ill Affairs immediately relating to the Royal Fleets, to allo- ther VelTels of Trade, and to their Owners and Mari- ners, to Commanders at Sea, to Reprifals, to Piracies, to Merchants Affairs, to all Contraffs made at Sea or be¬ yond Sea, in the way of Marine Trade, and Commerce to all maiters touching Wrecks, Fhtfam, jetjam, Li. gun, Marin'e Waifs, Deodands, &c. Moreover ufe is made of the Civil-Law in the Court of the Earl-Marfhal, taking cognizance of Crimes perpetrated out of England^ of Contrafls made in foreign parts, of Affairs of Warsvith. in and without Eoghnet, of Ccniroverfies about Nobiliiy and Gentry, or bearing of Coats of Arms, of Pmeden- cy, C5re- Of this Law much ufe is made in Treatlti with foreign Potentates, where many Points are to be determined and concluded, according to the dircflicii of this moft excellent and general approved Law; anil for this caufe foreign Princes take efpecial care to choefe fuch Perfons for their AmbalTadnrs as are skilled in the Civil-Law, and this Policy"was heretofore duly obferved by our Princes, with very good fuccefs. lafl- ly, the Two Univerfities of Er.gland ferve tlictr.felvcs ct the Civil-Law; for by their Priviledgts no Student is to be feed at Common-Law, but in the Vice-Chancclloir Courts for Debts, Accounts, Injuries, e^rc. Cancn=?lalX).] The Canons of many ancient gen> ral Councils, of many National and Provincial £rg/i/Jj Sy¬ nods, befides divers Decrees of the Bifhop of Rmc, and Judgments of ancient Fathers, had been received by the Church of England, and incorporated into the Bcdy of the Canon Law, by which the did ever procede in the exercife of her Jurifdiftion, and doth ffill by Vertuecl the Statute 25 H. VIII- fo far as the faid Canons and Conftitutions are not repugnant tQ the Holy Scripture, :o the King’s Prerogative, or the Laws, Statutes, an_dU- to the King’s Prerogative, or iiic i-awi, owiuics, -- floras of this Realm; and thefe are called the Kings tc- clefiafteal Laws, which have fereral Proceedings, and K- veral ends from the Temporal Laws; thefe infiiaing P"’ Partin. of ENGLAND. 455 nidimenc upon ihe Body, Lands, and Goods, and to pu- nilh the putsvard Man; but thofe pnfalute Anims, to re- ivatd the inward Man; both joining in this, to have the whole Man outwardly and inwardly reformed. ‘ Common'itahi.'J The Cmmm-Law of £/igW is the Common Cufioms of tlic Kingdom, which have by length of time obtained the force of Laws: It k called Lnmfcrtptit, Cnot but that we have them written in the old Norman DiaUcl, which being no where vulgarly ufed, varies no more than the Latin) but bccaufe it cannot be made by Charter or Parliament, for th.ofe .are always matters of Record, wliereas Culloms arc only matter of FaS, and are no where but in the memory of the People, and of all Laws mulf be the beft for the Eo^lilh, for the written Laws made in England, by King and Parliaments, are impofed upon the Subjeft, before any Probation or Tryal, whether they are beneficial to the Nation, or agreeable to the Nature of the People; but Cufioms bind not the People till they have been try- tdand approved time out of mind; during whicluimc, no inconvenicncy arifing to hinder, thofe Cufioms be¬ came Laws; and therefore when our Parliaments have altered any fundamental Points of our Common- Law, Casfometime hath been done) thofe alterations have been by experience found fo inconvenient, that the fame Law by fucceeding Parliaments hath foon been re- flored. This Common-Law is the QuintefTcnce of the Cuftomary Law of the Mercians, prevailing before the Conqueft, in the middle Counties of England, called the Kingdom of Mercia, and of the Saxons among the Weft and South parts, and of the Danes amongft thcEaft An¬ gles, all firft reduced into one Body by King Edtvard the Elder, about the Year 900. which for fometime almoft loll, were revived by the good King Edtvard the Confef- fit, and by Pofterity named his Laws. To thefe the Conqueror added fomc of the good Cuftoms of Norman- f;, and then his Succeflbr King Edtvard the Firft, ha- .'ing in his younger Years given himfelf fatisfaftion in ibc glory of Arms, bent himfelf, (like another Jnftini- «) to endow his Eftace with divers notable fundamcn- * Gg 4 tal 45 6 E:1)£ i0jcfcnt feiatc Part III, tal Laws, ever fince prafliced in this Nation. The cs- cellcnt convc'. =ency and connaturalnefs of the Common. Law of Enghmil, to the Temper of Engliib-tnen is fuel), that tile ferious.Confideration tliercof induced KingJanK; the Fitft in a folemn Speech to prefer it as to this Nati¬ on, before tlic Judicial Law of Mfes. Bcfides the Common-Law of England in general, there are in divers parts of England, Cuflomes and Common llfagc which have the force of Common-Law among thofc People to whofc property they belong, as Bormgb Eng. li(b, a Cuftom fo called, bccaufe not in ufc out of Eng¬ land, where the youngeft Son, or for want of Sons the youngeft Brother is to inherit it, being prefumed- tliat in Boroughs or Trading Towns, the elder Sons might probably have learned their Father’s Trade, and that the youngeft would always be leaft able to help him- felf. Gavelkind-, of which lee Pag. 20 in Jvenr, (b'c- where the Commm-Law is filcnt, there we have excellent Statntt-Laifi, made by the fe. veral Kings of England, by and witli the Advice and Confent of ail the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and with the confent of all the Commons of England, by their Reprefentatives in Parliament, whereunto the Eng- lijb eafily fubmir, as made at their own earneft Defite and Requeft. All Tryals of Common and Statute-Law are tried by a Jury of Tmlvc Men, which is thus: The ShcriS' fum- mons Twenty four Men, Houlbolders, out of the Neigh* bourhood of that place where the matter contcftcdliesi againft Twelve of thefe the Parties concerned may Ob- jefl, but Twelve muft be chofen to try the Caufe., The Lawyers on both (ides plead in open Court before the Judges, thefe Twelve Men ftanding near, may licar all that is Paid and produced,'on either part, and may ask what (^eftions they plcafc of the VVitnefles. When all the Witnefles are examined, and all Pleading is over, one of the Judges briefly recapitulates all that has part, putting the Twelve Men in mind of what liath been ah {edged and defended on either fide, and informing them ’^hac Points are according to Law, gnd what nor; after Pirtlll. of ENG LAND. 457 which thefe Jury of Twelve Men are bid to retire by thcmfelves, an Officer being charged with them, to fee that they have neither Meat, Drink, Fire nor Candle, that they may the fooner conclude their Opinions, which muft be all Unanimous.When they are agreed, they come back into Court, and defiring their Fcie-man, (i. e.) the firfl upon the Lift, may fpeak for ’em, he declares in Two or Three Words the opinion of all the Jury, all being of one mind, for elfc to be remanded back to their Confinement) and according to their Judgment, theSentence pafles finally. This is the uncontroulable property of every Free-born SubjeiS of England to be tryed by his Peers, and that not only in Matters of Claim'/ and Propriety between Subjeft and Subject, but in all Criminal Cafes too at the King’s Suit. JDrruliar anh By the King’s Royal Charter granted to divers Cities of England, the Magl- firates have a Power to make fuch Laws as may be be¬ neficial for the Citizens, and not repugnant to the Laws of the Land, and thefe are binding only to the Inhabi¬ tants of the place, unlefs fuch Laws ate for general good, or againft a general Inconvenience, for then tliey bind Strangers. Jfo^clt=5.ato ] The Fm^-Laws are peculiar Laws, diliercnt from the Cominon-I.aw of England. F'orefts in England art exceeding Ancient, and before the making of Charta de pmejia, Oflencts committed therein were punilhcd at the pleafurc of the King, in fo ftiatp and grievous a manner, (as flill in German)’^ chat both No¬ bles and Commons did fufier many horrible Inconveni- cneies and Cppreffions; and even in that Charter were feme hard Articles, which the clepitncy of gracious Kings have fince by Statute thought fit to alter fer Ajfifas Forejld. Yet in the time of Edward the Third, and al- fo at this day. Voluntas reputabititr pro Fado ; To that if a Man be taken hunting a Deer, he may be Arrefted as if he had taken a Deer. The Forrefter may take and, Arreft a Man, if he be taken either at Vog-draw, Stable-, Sand, Back-bear, or Bloody Hand-, for in thofe Four a Man 4)8 E!)£ ^jercnt State Part 111 Min is fail! to be taken with tlie manner, though thret of them may be but prefumptions. tpartial^JlailJ.] Lex Citjlrenps Anglican:!, is tliat Law wilieh dcpcndctli upon the King’s Will and I’lcafurc, or his Lieutenant, in time of Aftual W'ar; for although in tint of Peace, the King for the more equal temper ofbws towards all his Subjefts, makes no Laws but by the con- Lent of the three Eflates in Parliament; Yet in time of War, by reafonofgrcac Dangers arifing fuddenly andun- cxpeflcdly uponfmall Occafions, he ufeth abfolute Power, infomuch as his word gocth for a Law. Martial-Law extends only to Souldiers and Mariners, and is not to bepraftifed in times of Peace, but only in times of War, and then and there only where the King’s Army is on foot. CHAP. VI. Of Huiticurs, Afatincys, Diet, Attirs, Recreati¬ ons, and Buildings. T he Englip: differ from one an other in their Hu¬ mours, as they do in their Birth , Education, and Profeffi'jn. The Nobility, Gentry, and Scholars are es- tream.fy well polifhcd in their Behaviour; but the Me- chanic'KS, and the common Sort are Rude and even Barba¬ rous, as the effects of popular Tumults, (which are here called the AMr/i’) (hesvs, who when they are got together commit the greateft Outrages, and render themfelves fome- times very formidable, even to the Magiftrate, who needs great Courage and Virtue to oppofc ’em. And Iiere I would give the Reader one wliolefome Cau¬ tion, to wit. That if ever he happens to fall under the Dif- pleafure of the Mobile in a Tumult, that he doth notiim vi repeltere, oppofe ’em by force, but by kind Words, piti¬ able Harangues, Condefcention, or fome fuch refigning Method get free from ’em, and leave them to themfelves; for Part IH- of ENGLAND. 459 fof he who fo treats them, divides ’em, and hereupon they gtncrally fall out one among another. ° The tetter Sort arc always Courteous and Obliging, Free, Generous, Grateful, engaging even with Charms y bntthemeaner Sort are Rude, Boillerous, Infulting, Stiff, lliicertam, and Dangerous, cfpecially to Strangers; to whom they are generally as Inhuman, as the tetter Sort are In¬ dulgent. 'Ihey Treat their Guefts moft Splendidly, and freely; the more you cat, and drink the wclcommer you are 5 but then amongft equals, they expeft for the moil part to receive fuch Entertainment as tlieygivc. The Englijl) arc a People that are extreamly taken with Oratory, and they have the bell fort of it, in the greaceft perfeflion, that of ite Pulpit. Tis true, the Ignorant arc as much pleafed with that they call a good Dclhny, meaning the Graces of Elocu¬ tion, which the Romans underftood by tlie word ASion, as they are with the Matter or the Style : But as the Learn¬ ed very well know that AH'm is a thing quite loft in the tvorld, and tliat which the French and Italians pretend to, comesno nearer to the Mionof the'Roman Orators, than die performances or Modern Stage-players do, that of the fimous Rofciiii ; fo the better Preachers give it over as a thing to be dcfpaired of, and inftead of taking the Eye and Ear, they feize on the Mind, with rational Force, a mighty and irrcliftible Power and Authority; for Ser¬ mons in no part of the World are fo clofely penn’d, with fomuch deep Learning, in fuch accurate Methods, fuch llrong Reafonings, fo cade and Elegant a Style, as here in Eogland-, and withall fuch excellent Divinity, that it was a modeft Opinion of the great Ferulam, that the belt Body of Fojitive Vivinity that ever was compiled fince the Scriptures, might be eafily made out of the Sermons which are daily preached in Kng/nnd. By Pojitive Divinity he mcansthat which .of all others is in his Judgment moil Rich and Precious, fuch a form as may be collefted upon particular Texts of Scripture in brief Obfervations, not dilated into common Places, nor chafing after Controver- fics, nor reduced into Method of Art, a thing abounding in Sermons, but deftfthie in Books. Barn's Advancement eflearnini. ^amuri?. 46 o anje jpijcfent &tate Part lit ®annEl%] The EnsHfi according to their. ClimJK, are ofa middle Temper. The Nothern Saturnine, ajj Southern Mercurial Temper, meeting in their Conrtituti. ons, renders them Ingenious and Aflive, yet folid and py. fevering, which nourilht under a fuitable Liberty, infpirn a Courage generous and lading. Their Ingenuity will not allow them to becxccllen-at the Cheat, but fubjeft in that Point rather to f/ite thanjit-, and fuppofing others to be as open-hearted as thcmfelves,ai( many times in Treaties ovcr-match’d by them, whomthty over-match in Arms and true Valour; which hath beet very eminent in all Ages, and almoftinall Lands andSci; too of the whole World. The EngliJI), fince the Reformation, are fo much gi. ven to Literature, that all forts are generally the msH knowing People in the World. Men and Women, Chil. dren and Servants, cannot only read, but write Letter;, to the prodigious advantage and augmentation of the Pod-Office, in proportion beyond any other Pod-Office in Europe. The Engtilh have been fo much addifted to writing cl Books, efpecially in their own Language, and with fo mudi Licenfe or Connivance, that according to the Obfervad- ons of a Learned Man long ago, there have been duriej our lace Troubles and Confufions, more good, and more bad Books printed and publidicd in the Engli[h Tongue, than in all the vulgar Languages in Europe. For Solidity ofMatcer, for Elegancy of Stile, and Me¬ thods in their Sermons, Comedies, Romances ; and alfo in their Books of Diwnt/y, Ftylifiphy, Ptyfick,, .WTiory, and all other folid Learning: no Nation hath furpalfed, and few equal I’d them. The Engliff), efpecially the Ceafry, arc fo much given to Prodigality, Sports and Padimes, that Edates are oftenet fpent and fold, than in any ocher Country: They think it a piece of Frugality beneath a Gentleman to Bargain before-hand ; or to count afterward for what they eat in any Place, though the rate be mod unreafonable; wiiereby' it comes to pafs, that Cooks, Vintners, Inn- jteepers, and fuch like enrich themfelyes, and beggar pait III. of ENGLAND. 461 and infult over the Gentry. In a Word, by their Prodiga- licy it comes to pafs, that not only thofe, but Taylors, Dancing-Mafters, and fuch Trifflling Fellows, arrive to chat Riches and Pride, as to ride in their Coaches, keep their Snmraer-Houfes, to be fervedin Plate, ^c. an Infolence in- fupportable in other well.govern’d Nations. IBict.] The Englijfi are generally 'great Flefli-eaters, although by the nearnefs of the Sea, on every Side, the great multitude of Riven, Brooks and Ponds, England abounds with almoA ail forts of excellent Fifh as is before mentioned. In former times their Table was in many places covered four times a Day ■, they had Breakfafts, Din- ntrs,Beverages and Suppers, until the time of the late Re¬ bellion, wherein many eminent Families being much im- poverilhed by the prevailing Rebels, a,.Cuftom was taken up by fome of the Nobility and Gentry, of eating a more plentiful Dinner, and but little Supper ; as on the contrary, the Rowans and Jews anciently, and the hot¬ ter Climates at this Day, have little or no Dinner, but fee Suppers. The Englifi are not now fo much addifted to Gluttony 1 and Drunkennefs as of late Years. Feajling alfo is not fo common and profufe as ancient- ' ly i for although the FeaAs of Coronations, at the Inftalla- tion of Knights of the Garter, Chancellors of Univerfi- ticE, Confccrations of Bifhops, Entertainment of Ambafla- dors, the Feaft of the Lord Mayor of TomfoK, of Sergeants ] at Law, and Readers FeaA's in the Inns of Courts, ^)'c. I arc all very fumptuous and magnificent in thefe times; ; yet compared to the FcaAs of our Anceftors, feem to be j but Niggardly and Sparing: For Richard Earl of Cornwal, ■ Brother to Hem) the Third, had at his Marriage-Feaft fas isreccorded]) Thirty Thoufand Dilhes of Meat; and King Kkhmd the Second, at a Chriflmas, fpenc daily Twenty ' Six Oxen, Three Hundred Sheep, befides Fouls, and all other Provifion proportionably : fo anciently ac a Call of Sergeants at Law, each Sergeant ( faith Fortefeue ) fpenc ■ ' Sixteen Hundred Crowns in Feafling, which in thofelT, days was more than Sixteen Hundred Pounds now. ' The 46 i JEDe |g>}(fciitState Partin , The Englijh that feed not ovcr-liberally C wliereto ih great Plenty and Variety • of Viands intice them ) mt drink much Wine, but content themfelves with fraall fl|( or Sider, (^but efpccially the LatterJ arc obfervedtoln much more Healthy, and mucli longer Lived than anj d our Neighbouring Nations. Since the Rebellion of Forty One, hath abounl. ed in variety of Drink, (as it did lately in variety of Re- ligions^ above any Nation in Europe Bclides all forts d the bed Wines from Spain, frame, Ital), German), Crtm, there are fold in London above Twenty Sorts of othn Drinks,as Brandy,Coft'ee, Chocolate, Tea, Mum,Sider,Ptr- ry,Mead,Mcthcglin, Beer, Ale, many forts of Ales, veij different, as Cock.Stepony, Stich-back, Hnli, Deri;, AVii. down, Northampton, Sambidge, Eetony, Scurvy-Grafs, Sage- Ale, Colledge-Ale, &c. a piece of wantonnefs whereof none of our Anceftors were ever guilty. 2;ttirE.] For Apparel or Clothing, the French MoJe hath been generally ufed in England of late Years j in the time of queen Elizabeth, lommmeuhe High Dutch, forao times the Spanifl/, and fometimes the Tarfy/ia, and Moripi Habites were by the Englifh worn in England ; but aftei the Reftauration of King Charles the Second, r.nglandct- ver faw, for matter of wearing Apparel, lefs Prodigality, and more Modefly in Clothes, more Plainncfs and Com- linefs than amonglf her Nobility, Gentry, and Superioi Clergy; only the Citizens, the Country-People, and the Servants, appeared clothed, for the mod part above anJ beyond their qualities, Elfatcs or Conditions, and far more gay than that fort of People was wont to be in former Times. The Men at prefent are not much guilty of Extrava¬ gancy in Attire, but the Women arc in nothing lo fan- tadical as to their Dreffes (Commodes as they call ’em) for the Head ; and indeed in all their Apparel, from the Lady to the Servant-Maid, they ate too Expenfive and Whimfical. KccreationjEf.l For variety of Divertifments, Sports and Recreations, no Nation doth excel the Englifli. Partin. of ENGL AND. 463 The King Iiath abroad his Forefts, Chafes and Parks, full cf variety of Game ; Red, and Fallow-Deer, Foxes, Otters; Hawking, his Paddork Courfes, Horfe-Races, &c. and at Home Tennis, Pclmel, Billiards, Comedies, O- ptra’s, Mafeatades, Balls, Ballets, lfe iVeilhts and Miafuret^ Firflial/ing the Market, Offences in B.iljng and Brewing are commonly punifhed svith Handing in the Pillory, Whip¬ ping, and fometimes to have one or both Ears nailc4 to the Pillory, and cut off, or there bored through the Tongue with a Hot Iron. But of late we have left off ibe cruelty of cutting oft' Ears, fcvcrc Whipping, Erand- irgon the Forehead, boring the Tongue, and the like. The punilhmcnt for Mifprifion of /Jigh-Treafm, chat is, for ncglf fling or concealing it, is forfeiture of the Pro¬ fits of his Lands during Life, and of all Goods, and alfo Imprifonmcnt for Life. For Striking in the King's Court, whereby Blood U drawn ; the punifhmcnt is, that the. Criminal fliall have his Right- Hand ftricken off, in a mod fad and folcmn manner. For Striking in iPeliminlier ha!/, whilll the Courts of Juftice are fitting, is Imprifonmcnt during Life, and For¬ feiture of all his Efface. For one found in a Pt^wtoiirc, that is, one who incurs tlie fame Punifhmcnt svhich was intlicftd on tliofc who tranfgreffcd the Stature of i6 R. H. cap.'j. commonly edict! the Statute of prsuiiunire facias, &c. for fuch an one the punifhmcnt is forfeiture of all his Eftate, to be put out of the King’s Prc.tcffion, and Imprifoi.ment du- ling the King’s plcaforc. The punifhment of Petty-furors attainted of giving a Vtrdift contrary to Eviticnee, wittingly, is fcvcrc ; they irccondcmncd to lofethe Franchifeor Freedom of the law, that is, become Infamous, and of no Credit, un- rapa^of being a Witnefs, or cf a Jury ; their Houfes, “^li Lands, 474 lands and Goods (hall be feized into the King’s Hand-, Jlieir Houfes pulled down, their Meadows plowed up, their Trees rooted up, all their Unds laid wafte, and U .« i CMI- vrn throueh the Corps, and to forfeit his Goods. Dr 51 V.^-’«r, &c. arepuntlhedby fettingtheii Legsto be"f«°in*a Trebucket, common' Iv ff a C«cW-5»o»« ’ aUd'Sgef mider Water thrice, to cool their Cholt, ^"o!lKr’./^^i/*'«‘<'''" commonly pu^i^ed with Ini. ;r«timpnr^ or Fines and fometjmes wuh both. ^ is for bre.aking on the Wheel, and other like Toitu- p1ck.'’'airthe^n the Pc'opS'not accuftomed to fuchciu- if whatever ConfefTion (hould be thusc.toriei Of the City of Lontloa of ENGLAND.' 577 O F T H E CITY LONDON. L iDllBOU.] Being the Epitome of England, the Scat of the Britifh Empire, the Chamber of the King, and the chicfcft Emprium, or Town of Trade in the World; the larged and mod Populous, the faired and mod Opulent City at this day in all Europi, perhaps in the whole World , fiirpalling even Paris and Rome puc togctlier, it will not, I hope, ^ feem impertinent to give a particular Account thereof. To deferibe all things in this City worthy to be known, would take up a whole Volume; therefore according to the intended Brevity of this Treatife, here fliall he in¬ ferred only Tct' fxi-'jO.hCia. sroKiuf, Magnalia Londini lucli things as Strangers and Foreigners commonly counc Remarkable. i3amc tiuB SJutiquitp.] undm, fo called, as fome conjefturc, from Lhngdin, the BritiO) Word, (ignifying , in the Saxon Tongue, 'Shipm, or Town of .Ships, was I Built aj fome write iio8 years before the Birth of our I Saviour, that is, now above 2801 years ago, in the time I of Samire/the Prophet, and about 350 years before the ; Building of Rome ; Ammianus MarceUms, faith in his j time, it was vem oppidnm, auguptm, an old impe- I rial City. Ce ■57S ^tate ^(tlWtion.] In the mod Excellent Siliiai'm of dm, the profound Wifdom of our Anceftors is yety Confpicuous and Admirable. It is feated in a pleafant Ever-Green Valiev , upon a gentle rifing Bank, in a wliolfoine Soil mixt with Gravel and Sand , upon the famous Navigable Uiver Thames, at a place where it is cad into a Crefccnc, that fo each part of the City might enjoy the benefit of the River , and yet not be far diftant one from the other, about fo Alilcs from the Sea, not fo near that it miglit be in dan¬ ger of Surprifal by the Fleets of Foreign Enemies, or be much annoyed by the Boifierous Winds, or moiff Va. pours of the'Sea; yet not fo far, but that by the help 0! the Tide every twelve hours, Ships of very great Bur¬ den may be brought into her very Bofoni, nor yet fo far, but that it may enjey flic Milder, warmer Vapours of the Eaflerti, Somhern and IVejkrn Seas', yet fo far up in the Country, as it might alfo eafily partake even of all the Country Commoditiesiin an Excellent Air upon the Hmh-fide of the River, (for the Villages feated on the Somh-fide are noted to be more unhealthy, in regard of Che Vapours drawn upon them by the Sun) defended by gentle Hills, from the AVfi and Smh Winds, It lies in 51 Degrees, 30 Minutes Latitude. The High-ways leading from all parts to this Noble Ci¬ ty, arc Large, Straight, Smooth and Fair, no Moun¬ tains nor Rocks, no Marflies nor Lakes to hinder Qt- riages and Paffengers, fo that as Corn may eafily be brought, and Cattle commodioufly driven unto it by Land ; fo thofe heavy, though nccefiary Commodities, Hay and Fuel are more cheaply conveyed by Water, TheCity of London is fupplyed withCoals from Xetv-cajlli, which might he had nearer homcj from Blncli-lmil: in Kent within ; Miles of the City ; but the great Ad- •vantage the Nation finds by the Employment of fo ma¬ ny hundreds of Ships, and tboufands of Seamen in the Coal-trade, will not eafily fuffer thofe Mines at Bhc{- heath to be broke up. In a word, all the Eleffings ol Land and Sea near about, and by the benefit of Ship¬ ping, ail the Blcflings of the Tcrrcffrial Globe maybe faid to be here more eafily enjoyed than in any City of the World,- 51?a3-' pfENGLAND. 579 ^^agititutie.] The city of Lmim Cwith that of Wejl‘ uhfter'j and the Burrough of Southivarl^ being contiguous to one another, fcem to make indeed but on,e City, and accordingly (hall be fo confider’d when we (peak of Buildings,is of a vaft Extcnfion, from Lime-Houfcy meafured to the end of Tothil or Tatk-Strcet from Eaft. to iVifl, it is above 7500 Geometrical Paces, that is,above (even Eng/i/ 7 ; Miles and an half, and from the farther end of Bliic^ntan-Jlreet in Souihmrli, to the end of St. E?o- ntrd Shoreditch is 2500 Paces, or two Miles and an half. The built ground fomc years ago was computed by Sir Willim Petty, to be an Area of nine Miles fquare, (ince which the Buildings arc much increafed. In this great City the Streets, Lanes, and Allies, are in number above 5000, and yet fome of them above lialf a meafured Mile in length ; Dwelling-houfes before the late dreadful Fire, were computed only within the Walls above 15000, and that is now accounted but a fe- vench part of the whole City, as may be judged by the weekly Bills of Mortality, the number of Houfes at pte- fent may in all probability be i icxdoo. Jlitimbcr of 31 nljabttauts .3 That the Reader may the better guefs at the Number of Inhabitants, or Hu¬ mane Souls within this great City,he muA know, that in one year there were computed to be eaten in London, when it was lefs by two thirds 67500 Beefs, ten times as many Sheep, befidcs abundance of Calves, Lambs, .Swine, all forts of Poultry, Fowl, Filli, Roots, Milk, {Jrc, Alfo that Commmibns Annis to fupply London with Vew-cajile Coal, there is brought into the River of Thames aSocoo Chaldron, and every Chaldron is ^6 Budiels. Again, the number of Inhabitants may be guclfed ac by the Burials in London, which in ordinary years, when there is no Pedilence, .amount of late to about 22000 in a year; and in the year 1681. which was not accoun¬ ted a fickly year, there died, according to the general Bill of Mortality, 23971. JDjtiiU HBjetoeb in JLouTion (n a pear,] As alfo by the (Quantity of Beer Drank in London in a year, which to all Foreigners will be incredible, for in the year 1667* Cc S ■ wheoi 5J!o s;()efjcfcnt State wlicn the greateft pare of the Buildings within the Walli, •and (ome «ithour,lay in Afhes, and very many of the Inhabitants lorcedto retire into the Country for Habita. tion; according to an exaft computation, there were brewed within that year in London 4^2^63 Barrels oi flrong Beer, fold at I2f. 6d. the Barrel, and 580421 Birrds of Ale, fold at idr. the Barrel, and 489797 Bar- relsof Table Beer, or Small Beer, fold at 6 s 6d. tne Barrel ■ the Beer firong and (mall is 36 Gallons to the Barrel, and the Ale 32 Gallons to the Barrel, and non fince the Peftilcnce and the hire, that this City is again fully peopled, there is much more Liquor Brewed. It IS true, that fome hereof is tranfported beyond the Seas, bu’t that is fcarcc confiderable ; bcfides all this Beer and Ale,there is confumed in London a yaff quan- tity of French and Spanijh Wines, much Rhentflo VJine, Srder, Mum. Coffee, Chocolate, Brandy, and other The Evcife only of Beer and Ale, for the City of London fthough it he a very moderate Tmpofition^ was nor long ago harmed or Kented of the King at abort •:i 200C0 pound a year, and about one fourth part of all that Excife throughout all Ang/W. In a word, the Author of the Map of London, publilh- cd Anno 1684. reckons in this vaftCity laocoooot .Souls, but the more accurate Sirlfd/wm Petty counts but , teaud hamilics, and dpyoyd Souls which is more than arc in I’nris, Rome, and Roveir, more than in P.mi and 'limiierdam-,'most than in Amflerdam, Venice,Rome,puMk 'bciHoI, and L)ons-, as many as in all the two Provinces of Holland niu\ Weft-Ftatc; For tlie Ecclefiaflical Government ol tlic fevcral Pj. lilhcs, there are placed many Excellent Divines, that have the Cure of Souls, a Reftor or Vicar for every Pa- rilh ; and thefe have, for a long time, had the moll Ex¬ cellent way of Sermonizing in Cbrijlenilm ; Infomuch, as divers Divines of Foreign Reformed Churches, have come hither on purpofc to learn their Manner of Pulpit- Oratory. For maintaining.thefc Divines, with their Fa- milics, there is, in almoll every Parilh, a Parfonage, or "Vicarage-Houle, and in mod, a Competent Allowance in Tythes; Anciently, the Miniflers Due in Liindi)n, befides the Tythes of the Tradefmens Gains, and Mortuaries, Obits, (tc. was 3 r. 5 d. in tl’.c Pound, of the Yearly Rent of all Houfes and Shops; and this was paid as Of¬ ferings, a Half-penny for caeh Pound, every Sunday and Holy-day in the year; whereby the Parilhioners did liardly feel it; Afterwards many Holy-days being ta- hen away, and the Clergy-Means thereby abated, it was Ordained , 25 Hen. Sth. That l s.gd. in the Pound, of all Rents of Houfe's and Shops, fhould be paid yearly to the Minider; whereunto the Londoners did not onely confent f as they had good Reafon, it being much lefs in the Pound than before) but bound thcmfelves by an Aft of Common-Council to perform the fame.; and the faid Ordinance was Confirmed in Parliament, 27 Hen. ?th. And again, 37 Hen. Sih. with a Posver given to the Lord jviayor, to Commit to Piifon any Citizen that ftiould re. fufe to pay his Tythes and Dues, according to that Pro¬ portion : but, dnee the Reformation, many Men willing to think ■^'thes a Rag of Popery, or elfe making no Con- fcience of jRobbing God,' have devifed many Eafc and Fraudulent ways, by Doublc-Leafcs, by Great ^ines and Small Rents, and fcveral other ways to evade the,Law, and Rob their God, M.il. 3. 8. Complaint whereof be¬ ing made to King James \. 1618. It was Declared in His Court of Exchequer,'b)’ the Barons there. That the Inhabitants of London, and of the Liberties thereof, ought dill ( according to the forementioned Afts ) to pay 2s. 5 if. in the Vour.d, according to the true yearly value of the Rent of their Houfes and Shops, from time p time. But th.c Citizens C who think 2cco /. /■cr of ENGLAND. 585 iim not enough for an Alderman, or for a Lnvycr, and yet 200 A too nn'ol' for a I’affor of a Paril!;,) oppofing the fame, the Bufinefs lies yet Uneflabliflicd, to the Great Diflionour of the Reformed Religion. Only fince the Great Fire there is an Allowance fettled hyAftof Parliament in thofe PariHies which were Burnt down , upon every Reftor, or Vicar; by^which Aft, none cf ■'em have fctled Icfs than 100 /, or more than 200 t.pir tmuin. Divers confidcrable Parilhes arc now annexed two together in one Church,and unJer onePaRor, Cihil (Sobemment. ] The CM Government is not (as it is at Paris, Rome , Madrid , Vienna, and other Capital Cities ) in fome Nobleman , or Lawyer fee over the City by the King , as Supreme Gover- nour; or as it was here in the time of the Romans i when the Chief Magiflrate was called ( as he is ftill in Rme) the Vrefelf of London ; or as it was in the time of the Saxons , when he was called the Pongreeve, that is, CoJIos, or Guardian ; and foractimes Provoj} of London : but after the Coming in of the Normans, tlie Chief Ma- gillrate was called Bailivus, from the French word Bailler, Mere, Commiitere ; that is, Commijfariiis, or one that liaih CommifTion to Govern others; And there were fomccimes Two Bailiffs of London, till King Richard the Firft, Anno tiSp. Changed the Name of Bailiff into .1/aiijr; which alfo being derived from the French, hath continued ever fince, a Citizen Chofen bv the Citizens Annually, unlefs, fometimes, for the Difloyalty of the Citizens, their Privileges and Franchifes have been taken from them, and a Guardian let over them, as was done by Hen. III. and Edtv. 1. ^16 €lcctioit, ] He is ufually Chofen on Michael- mar-Day by the Livery-Men, or Members of the feverai Companies within the faid City , out of the i 6 Alder¬ men, all Perfons of Great Wealth and Eflcem. fn which Elcaion,thc Senior Aldtrman that hath not been Mayor, Imli ufually the Precedence ; yet, in this particular, the fiid Elcftors fometimes take a Liberty. i^iS JSuthoutp. ] His Authority reaches not onely over this great City, and a part of "the Suburb's, but alfo PO tlie Famous River of rMine/j-Eablward, as far as Ten- dale 586 Elje pjcfcnt dale, or Tenlelt, and the Mouth of the River Medttij, and WcAward, as far as Olony Ditch, above Staines-brify, He hath a Privilege hy Charter, to Hunt in Middlefu, Effex and Siirrev ; and for this purpofc , is always Mais- rained an Excellent Kennel of Hounds as afore-menti¬ oned. He hath Power to Punidi, or Correft all ilijt (hall Annoy the Stream, Banks, or Fifh ; and for tk end he yearly keeps feveral Courts in the Counties Ai jacent to the Tomes, for Confervation of the Rivcr,anl Punifhment of Offenders; onely the Strength and Safe¬ ty of the River againA an Invafion, and Securing Met- chandizing and Navigation, by Block-houfcs, Forts,ci CaAles, is the immediate Care of the King. 3lojt) flpapojs Courts of jHuOicntuvc.] To the lord Mayor and City of Lndon belong divers Courts of Jd- cature of high Importance. The higheA and moA ancient Court, is that called tie Hujlia^s (i. c.) Domus Caufmi’n, which doth prefene the Laws,- Rights, Franchiles, and CuAoms of the City. There is a Court of Rcquejl, or Cmfcknce, fo called,ft- caufe mediing with nothing above 40 s, value. Ttt Oath of the Creditor himfelf is accepted. The Court of the Lord A/iyw and Aldermen, where a!- fo the Recorder and Sheriffs (who are ufually Alderratn, or clfe conAantiy chofen upon the next Vacancy ) fir; Two Courts of the Sheriffs, one for each,County. The Court of the City Orphans, whereof the Lori Mayor and Aldermen have the CuAody. The Court of Common Council, confiding ff as the Par¬ liament of England ) of Two Houfes; one for the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, ami the other for the Commo¬ ners in which Court are made all By-Laws, which bind all the Citizens of London-, lor every Man, cither by him- felf, or by his Reprefentative, gives his Affcnt thereun¬ to ; wherein confiAs the great Happinefs of the SubjcA, above all the Subjefts of any other Prince in the World ; r'l-rc neither in Laws, nor By-Laws, ncithtr in Taxes, or Impofts, any Man is obliged, but by his own Con fen t. There is another Court of the Chamberlain of the Ci¬ ty, to whom belongs the Receipts of the Rents .ind lie- ; of ENGLAND. 587 ; ,enue5 of the City, and to his Court belongs the bufi- I hefs of Apprentices, oTcr whom he hath a great Author ! To tlie Lord Mayor alfo belong the Courts of Coroner, i jnd of Efchcnter 5 and another Court for the Confetvati- i on of the River of Thames. ' Laftly, The Court of Gaol-delivery, held iifually Eight ! times a year at the Old-Baily,both for the City and A/irf- I Jhfex, for the Trial of Criminals, whereof the lord 1 Mayor is the Chief Judge, and hath the Power of Re- j prieving Condemnea Perfons. i ' There are other Courts ailed Wardmote, or the Meet- ; ing of VVards, whereof there are 26 in the whole City ; ■ in which Court Inquiry is made into all things that can i conduce to the Regulating and Well-Governing of the ' City; Alfo the Court of fialmote, or Alfembly of every j Guild or Fraternity, for Regulating what belongs to each Company in particular. l?is State. ] His State and Magnificence is Rc- ' markable, when'he appears abroad, which is ufuallyon ; Horfcback, with Rich Caparifon, himfelf always in Long . Rohes, fometimes of Scarlet-Cloth richly Furred, fome- times Purple, fometimes Puke 5 and oyer his Robes a ; Hood of Black Velvet, which fome fay, is a Badge of a . Eaton of the Realm, with a great Chain_of Gold about , his Neck, or Collar of SS’s, with a great Rich Jewel pen- : dent thereon, with many Officers walking before, and on all lidcsof him, dj'c. but more efpccially on the 25th of OSober,'when he goes to Wejlmmjler in his Barge, Ac-' companied with all the Aldermen, all his Officers, all h the fcveral Companies or Corporations, in their feveral Stately Barges, with their Arms, Colours and Streamers - and having there, in the Exchequer Chamber, taken his Solemn Oath to be true to the King, returns in like man- ;■ net to Ca/W-Au//, (iha.t is, the Great Common-hall of i; Guilds, or Incorporated Confraternities;) where is pre- |! pared for him and his Brethern, a moll Sumptuous din- I ncr, to which many of the great Lords and Ladies, all f the Judges of the Land,and oftentimes the Lords of their j: Majcflics niofl Honourable Privy-Council, alfo Foreign i: Ainbalfadors are Invited ; and, of late years, their Ma- |! jellies ■588 snijc I0?ctcut jellies have been pleafed to lionour the Feall with tlitii Prefence. This Great Magiflrate, upon the Death oftlj King, is faid to he Prime Perfon of Enghnd, and thett. fore when King Jmes I. was Invited to come and tilt the Crown of England, Robert Lee, tlicn Lord Mayor d London, Subfcribcd, in the fir ft place, before all tlii Great Officers of the Crown, and all the Nobility. The Mayor of London, though always a Citizen aai Tradefman, hath been of fuch high Repute and Eftctm, that in all Writing and Speaking to him, the Title « lord is prefixed,which is given to none others, but either to Noblemen, to Biffiops, judges, and, of latter tiniK, to the Mayor of Torl^, or to fome of the Higheft Officen of the Realm ; He is alfo, for his great Dignity , ufuilly Knighted by the King, before the year of his Mayoriltj be expired, unlefs he had received that Honour liefoit, whilft he was Alderman, as of late hath been ufual. Tht lord Mayor,on the day of the King’s Coronation,clai® to be Chief Cutler, and bear the King’s Cup amongll tht Higheft Nobles of the Kingdom, which ferve on thii day in their Offices. His Table is, and alfo the Table of each Sheriff, fuch, that it is not onely open all the year to all Comcrs,StrM- gets and Others, that are of any confidcrablc Quality, but fo well furnilhed, that it is always fit to receive the Greateft Subjeft of England, or of other Potentate ; nay, it is Recorded,That a Lord Mayor of Ic/n/an hath Fcall- ed Four Kings at once at his Table. Alfo, for the Grandeur of the Lord Mayor, there li allowed above toco/, a year for his Sword-bearers Ta¬ bic, in the Houle of the Lord Mayor. His Domeftick Attendance is very Honourable ; he bath Four Officers that wait on him, who ate repute^ Efquires by their Places; that is, The Sword-bearer. Tlie Common-Hunt, whokeepeth a gallant Kenpelpf Hounds for the Lord Mayors Recreation abroad. The Common Crycr. ■ The Water-Bailiff, The •of ENGLAND.’ SSp There is alfo. The Coroner, and divers ocher Dflkers, as you will find in their proper Places. ] The Two S/jerijfr of this City arc alfo Skriffs of the County of AficUIefcxj and are Annually Cliofcn by the Citizens of London, from among, them- fclvcs, in tlie Gnild-ffall, upon Midfummer-Day a high Privilege, among many others, anciently granted to this City by fcvcral Kings and Queens of this Kingdom j but tliey are not Sworn till Micfinelmas-Evc, and then are alfn prefenced at the Exchequer , to be allowed by the Barons, and Sworn •, After which, they enter upon their Office : If 'either of the Perfons fo Chofen refufe to hold, he incurs a Penalty, unlcfs he will take a So¬ lemn Oath, that he is not worth locco/. SlOcnntu. ] The 26 Aldermen prefide over the Wards of the City; wlien any of thefe dic'd, the Lord Mayor and Aldermen Chufc another out of the mod Subflantial Men of the City ; if any fo Chofen re¬ fufe to hold, he is ufually fined 500 /. Ail the Aldermen that have been Lord Mayors, and the Three Eldeft Aldermen that have not yet arrived to tint Honourable' Efface, are, by their Charter, Jufticcs of the Peace of this City. LORD MAYOR, W ALDERMEN L O N D O N. Qlrjohn Fleet, .L. Mayor. iT Sir Robirt Ct,r)tm. SnP.mcnceW,trd. : Sir John Moore. Sir V/ill'um PrilcLiii'd. Sir Robert jeffereys. Sir Tho. Stump. SkS.ilathkl Lovel, Recorder. Sir Jonathan r,ammd. Sir Peter Vanicl. Sir Samuel Dajhrvood. Sir Betij. Thorowgood. Sir Tho. Kcnfey. Sir William Aflmf, Sir John Parfins, Sir John Hoiiblon. Sir Humphrey Edwin. Sir Edward Clar\. Sir Francit Child. Sir Ridiffd Uveti Sir '590 ^jefcnt &tate Sir IPilTim Gore, i Mr. Alderman Dorvm, Sit James Hokblon, Sir Tio. Lane,\ ■ Mr. Alderman I Sir 7/». Coo^, J*Shetiffs. Chief Officers under them. Sir Leonard Robinfan, Kc. Chamberlain. /Len. Crifp, Efq; Common-Serjeant. John Ooodfelhw, Efq; Town-Clerk. Jofeph Lane, Efq; Comptroller of the Chamber, ael Vice-Chamberlain. IViHiam Man, Efq; Sword-bearer. Jejfery Damfm, Efq; Common-Hunt. Lever Goring, Efq; Common-Cryer. John ffickpx, Efq: Water-Bailiff. John Browne, Coroner. { John Cole. William Page, William Sham Francis Browne, Jofiah Broome. Philip Hawhins. John T>eel^ Sergeant of the Channel. Jonathan Smith, Yeoman of the Chamber; r Thomas Tiicken. Four Yeomen of the j Edmund OoliUn. Water-(idc, M'a;.—p Thomas Clay, ^Francis Bancrofts John Stoats Yeoman of the Channel. Three Sergeants of the^ Chamber, vig_,— Thomas Hewit, Under-water-Bailiff. rjohn Colt. KjamesEdge, Six Young Men, yfohn filers, ^Matthias Hill, ^Wtllmi Collihgs, Tot of ENGLAND. Two Yconicn of the Chamber. Three McaJ'Weighers. Two Yeomen of tlie Woodhoufe. Mod of wliich liave Servants allowed them, and have Liveries for thcmfelvcs. CI)C ^stticlbc Companies.] The Traders of Lm- (fn are divided into Companies, or Corporations, and arc fo many Bodies Politick; Of thefe there are 12,cal¬ led , The Chief Companies; and lie tint is Chofen Lord Mayor, muff be free of one of thefe Companies, which I. Miners, 3. Vrajiirs. 4. Fiflim'-ng- 5. GoUfmiths. 6 . Siitnms. 7. Merchant- 8. HaberJafiers. 9. Salters. 10. Ironmongers, 11. Vintners. 12. Cleatlwarli^ And if it happen, that the Lord Mayor Eleft is of any other Company, lie prefently removes to one of the Twelve, It hath been the Culfom of fome of our Kings, to Honour fome of thefe Companies, by taking tlieir Freedom thereof; and the Late King was pleafed to be made Free of the Company of Grocers ; and His Prefent Majedy chofe to be made Free of the Company of Drapers; Each Company or Mydery hath a Mader Annually Chofen from among themfelves, and hath 0- tlicr Subordinate Governours, called Wardens, or Adid- ants, thefe do exaftly Correfpond to the General Go¬ vernment of the City, by a Lord Mayor and Common- Council, who are felcfted out of thefe fcveral Compa¬ nies ; fo excellent an Harmony there is in that Govern- There are befides near 60 other Companies, or Corpora- ihns, all enjoying Large Privileges, by the king’s Gra¬ cious cktrter granted unto them, and fair Halls to 591 SlIjc gjcfent §>tate Of the Government of the C ITT of WESTMINSTER. >^He Govcrnmenr of the City oi Wejiminjler is (lilliiiS I. from that of Z.Mifo)i;tliey have neither Mayor,Shcrifli, nor Altlermen ; But infieatl of a Lord Mapx, they have an Hi^t Stctfurd, who is ufually one of the Prime Nobility. Tile Prefent High Steward of Wejtminjler is his Grate the Duke of Onr.ond, cliofcn by the Dean and Chitptir , and holds this High Office diirMle vita. Tlie nature cf fiis Office is not much unlike the Clmcelhrfii^ of an V- niverfit)-. The Dean and Chapter here is Inverted with Ecclifit- liicat and Civil Junfditim, as the Yicc-Chancellor is in an ''Vniverfity ; and not only within the City of IVeJlminHir, but within the I'recinfls of Sc. Martins Le grand, near Cheapfide, Lon.hn: and in fome Towns of £JJi>x exempt¬ ed as well from the jurifdiftion of the Bifliop of Za«- dtn, as from that of the Arch-birtiop of Canterbury, And when the Convxatim is Adjourn'd from Sc. Faiil's ("for the convenieucy of things, nearer to the ParIiament)to ireflminjler, the'Birtnps firft dcclate ( upon a Protella- tion made by the Dean there ) that they intend not thereby to violate tliac High Privilege, ai<. That no Eirtiop, or Arch-birtiop may come tiiere witliout the Icavt of the Dean firft obtained. Tile Vndet-iiemard of IVeilminfler is likewife an 0(5- ccr of great Note,and is in ftcad of a Shcrilf; holds ihii Honourable Office diir,i„tc nita. He that is now in Poireffion of it, is Charles Bonyihcn Efq; Serjeant at Law. The High Bailijfh an Officer of Honour, and Profits, named by the Dean, and confirmed by the High Steward) he holds likewife far Life, and is Ihoinas Knipe, Efq) This hath Two Precinfts, in each a BurgefsisAm nually chofen, out of the VVealthieft Citizens, by tilt reft of the BiirgefTcs, who reprcfciit Aldermen. Foi of E N G L A N D. 593 por Ecclefiafjical Caufes, and Probare of Willsj it hath a Royal Jurifdiftion, Dr. Richard Adesbury is Cominijfary ) from whom Appeal muft be onely to the King, in His High court of Chancery. was granted by Letters-patents of Edw. d.' (0 be founicd as one of tlie iVards of London, by the Kamc of Bridge Ward Witlmt, and is Govern’d by one of the 26 Aldermen of I/indon. ’Tis vartly Large, Rich and populous i a great part of it liatir been Burnt down fonie years fmee the Great Fire of London j but all thofc Ru¬ ins are now Beautifully Repair’d. dDOBEtnimnt of tl;c Citp of Iloitoon.] Something of the Military Government , both Ancient nnd. Miiern , of this mighty Populous City, is alfo well wor¬ thy to be known, both to Englij]/ and Foreigners. _ In the :3d of Hen. the 8th. 1532. at a General Mujler in Lon- dn, were firll taken the Names of all men within this City and Liberties onely ( which reach not far without the Walls ) from the Age of 16 to do 3 alfo the Num¬ ber of all Harneffes, and of all forts of Weapons for War; then they drew out of thefe , onely fuch Able men, as had White Harnefs, and caulbd them all to ap¬ pear in White Coats and Breeches, and White Caps and Feathers; What was the Number then of Men in Arms, tvas not Recorded; but Stow fays. There were Miiperr- id tyoco. Citp Cjain’D=®aul)0.]At the time of the Happy Re- flauration of King Charles the Second, there were in Lmdon and the Liberties,fix Regiments of Train’d-.Bands, and fix Regiments of Auxiliaries, and one Regiment of Horfe; thefe 13 Regiments about fix weeks before His Majefiy’s Arrival,'nmfiefd in Hide-park,, being then drawn out for promoting and feeuring His Majelly’s Return; thefe 12 Regiments of Foot were i8cco com- pleat, eight of thefe Regiments had feven Companies jn each, and the other four had fix Companies in'each, in all 80 Companies, the Regiment of Horfe of fix Troops, and a too in each Troop; this confiderable Army drawn together before the aof/i. of May, the day of His Maje- fly’s Return, was judged to be highly ufeful for facili- ! Hting the happy work; Some Months after, His Majefty 594 ~^3e l^jcfciu §»tafc lent to the City CommifTions of Lieutenancy, appoiiif: ing fcveral Perfons to Aft as liis Lieutenants in Unh., giving them the fame power that the Lords Licntcnar.ij have in their refpeftive Counties, and in purfuance ol that CommilTion, the Rcgimciitswere new fettled, ilicie were fix Regiments of Train’d-hands, commanded by fa Citizens, Knights, and their Lieutenant Colonels were all Knights; and there were 6 Regiments of Auxilia- lies. In all thefe ii Regiments were zcoco Men; thcii were lifted two Regiments of Horfc, each confiding oi five Troops, in all 800 Horfe; thefe were all drawn in; to Mde-p/irt, where His Majefty was pleafed to takt a view of them, but in cafe of need, it is certain that in Lcnchn, and within the Liberty, there may in fci; daysbe raifed ;)ooooMen, bcfides d'onr/jB’mf; one Rtgi- inent of Train’d-bands 1500 Men ; the Hamlets of ilie Toirer two Regiments, in all 3000 Men-, then //olki Regiment and Wejlmmjler Regiment 1000 each, and a cafe of nccefifity they can raife 20000 more. 3rtillctp Companp.]^'^^'^^ thefeTrain’d-bands asl Auxiliary Men, there is the Artillery Company, which ii a Nurfery of Soldiers, and hath been fo above 60 yeatsi King Charles the fecond lifted himfelf there when ht was Prince of H'ales, and fo did the late King at thefamt time, who alter his Majefty’s Return, took the com; mand thereof, and owned it as his Company: Undethii Highnefs there was a Leader, who Exercifed this Com¬ pany every Tnefday Fortnight, and the other 7iie/(/a;tla Excrcife was performed by the feveral Members ofitt Company, wlio are there Trained up to Command, bi this Society arc many of the Nobility, alfo the loti Wayor and moft of the Aldermen, all the Comraandtii of theTrain’d-bands and Auxiliaries herecxercifc ArniS| This Company confifts of 600 Men. Their Officers arct, leader, two Lieutenants, two Enfigns, two Serjeann, a provoft Mirfhal, 3 Gentlemen of Arms, iyc. tlici have alfo a Court-Marfhal cqnfifting of a Prefident, Si: IVilliam Pilchard Vice Prefident, Sir James Smith Ttci- furer, Sir Afattbetv Andrews Colonel, Colonel yrfj ■ Mondej and 24 Members of the Company; on the fecon. Tnefday in Fekmry is a general Rendezvous every A Lift of the Lieutenancy of the City of XOi^Z^Oi^. S ir JM Fleet, L. Mayor. S\; Rtben Cla)ton. Sir Patience Ward. SwWinam Pritchard, Colo¬ nel of the Rcgimcnr. S\! James Smith, Co!, of the Orange. Sir Tho. Stamp , Col. of die Telhm, Sir Jonathan Raymond, Col. of the Green. '■ Sir Peter Daniel, Col. of the ! B'.err. Sir Tho. Kenfey , Col. of the Red. S\r Robert Jeffreys. Sir Samuel Daflmood. Sir Beniamin Thorawgood. Sir William Aflmrll. Sir Humphrey Edwin, Sir Eiw.trd Claris. Sit Francis Child. Sir John Houbhn. : Sir Wtllkm Hedges^ Sir John Leithiedier, ' Sir Peter Fandeptit. '■ Sir Willi.im Rujfel. Sir Jeremiah Sambnoh. ; Sat John Mordant. : Sir Gabriel Roberts. 1 Sir Edward Dcs-Bovery, : Sir Robert Adams. \ Sir Tiii'nas Vernon. Sir Ralph Box. Sir Jofeph Hern. Tloomat PapiUon. Thomas Frederjcli. William Kiffin. Edward Viiderhill, George Sitwell. Thomas Weflern. JohnJolliffe. Hathanael Tench. Francis Chamberlain. Thomas Langham. Peter Hinblon. Sir Leon. Robinfon, William Jarret. Daniel Mercer. John Flaxil. Robert Witihgham. William Warren. John Rayley. Francis Gosfright. William Scowen. John Foach. John Jobnlon. Samuel PoweJ, W.liter Country. James Dendew. John Striven. D.wiel Allen. Ralph Grainge. Robert Raworlh. Francis Moore. Thomas Shaw. Dd a John ^9^ ^ohn Cool^ of William Faull^ner. James Baiingm. Jfenry Hatley. Jehn Adams. Jeremiah Whitchcot. Ter. Gilbm. James Chamberlain. John Kent. Richard Alley, John Kichols. Thomas Colfsn, Hathanael Charlelon, John Mrdgeley, Edmund Beaker, William Gore, William Withers. Richard Hoare. James Smith. Jofeph Hornby. Richard Beauchamp'. Richard Kormanfell. Jte^e fjcfcnt Jof, Smart. Robert Beddingheldi Peter Joy. William Hooker. William Carpenter. Arthur Baron. William Temped, Peter Floyer, John Jena. John Sarryer. Thomas Wood. Jeof. Gejferies Nathanael Hantes', William Strong. Jo. Jefferies. Jo. Cogs. Jo.Eaff Richard Pearce. Edmund Boulter, Efquires. John Borrct, Clerk. Jof. Hide, Mufler-mafter, Benj. Leech, Meffenger. Seven, or more of whom, \Yhereof one of the Ruorm to be prefent, of E N G L A N D; 597 J}^oro before J proceed to defcrihe the prefent Glo¬ ry of tins greAt andtmpAralleWdCity.^ andbe- caufe that having fpokcn of its uintisjuity^ it yet too juft ly appears to the beholders^as iff the great- eft- part of it -were lately Built ^ I ftall for the faiisfaUion of Foreigners efpecially^ and thofe who are citriotts in encjuiries , exhibit here a : jhort Jccossnt of the dreadful Fire of London, which begun the id. day of September, 1 665 . and in three days fpacc confmr.'d the greateft part of the City. T Hc City of Dmdm within the Walls contains 448 A- cres of Ground,whereof the Buildings on 373 Acres were utterly confunjed, by that late dreadful Conflaga- tion ; alfo 63 Acres without the Walls, in all 436 Acres, 89 Parilh Churches, and 13100 Houfes, hclidcs that vaft Cathedral of St. Paul’s, and divers Chappels, Halls, Colleges, Schools, and other publick Edifices, whereof the whole damage is hardly to be computed or credi¬ ted. In that one Commodity of Books only, wherewith Lindon abounded, was loll, as judicious Stationers have computed, 150000 pound; for ih.e lofs fell moll upon that, and three or four other cumberfonie Commodities, not eafic on a fudden to be removed, ■ui;;. Wines, Ta- baco , Sugar, and Plums, wherewith this City was fur- nilhcd beyond any City in the World; infomuch, thac one Perfon, Aidcrman Jefferies, loll of Tabaco , t.o the value nficooo pound, yet in the wll Incmdy, not a- hovc fix or eight Perfons were Burnt. Of this dreadful fire there were many concurrent occafions. Fir/f, Either the Drunkennefs or Supine negligence of the Baker and his Servants, in whole Houfe it be- 598 SClje ^3jcfcnt State Kcxt, The dead time o( tlie Night, wherein it began, i;i\. between one and two of the- Clock after mid¬ night. Thiri/If,The dead time of tlie week being Sijf«rd;j;'.niglit, when Traders were retired to their Country Houfes. Fourthly, The Dead time of tiie year, being tlien the long Vacation, on tlie fecond of September, when Tradef- men were generally abroad in the Country. Fifthly, Thcclofenefs of the Buildings in that place, facilitating the progrefs of the Fire, and hindering the ufual Remedy, which was by Engines to fiioot water. Sixthly, The matter of the Buildings thereabouts which was generally Wooden and of old .Timber. Seventhly, The long continued Drought of the pre- cceding Summer, even to that day, which had dried the Timber that it was apt to take fire. Eighthly, The matters of Wares in tliofe parts, where were the greateff Store houfes of the City, of Oils, Pitch, Tar, Rofin, Wax, Butter, Brimflonc, Hemp, Cordage, Cheefe, Wine, Brandy, Sugar, ifjc. ninthly, An Enjlerly wind, the drieff of all other,tliit then did blow very flrongly. Tenthly, The unexpefted failing of the Water, the Tnames Water-tower near to the place where the fire began, then out of order, and burnt down immediate¬ ly after the beginning of the Fire, fo that mofl Watet- pipes were foondry. Laflly, An unufual negligence at firfl, and a confi¬ dence of eafily quenching the Fire, on a fudden chang¬ ed into a general Confternation and Defpondency ; all chufing rather by flight to fave their goods, than by a vigorous oppofition to fave their Houfes and the City. Thefe caufes thus ftrangely cor.cutring, ("to fay no¬ thing of God’s juft Indignation for the notorious impcr nitency of the Citizens, for their great Abominations in abetting and inftigacing, tha fheding of the precious innocent Blood, both of God’s Anointed, and of their other chief Governours, both in Church and State;)the Reader may take this little profpeft of the huge da¬ mages done by this Fire. It hath been computed by an Ingenious Perfon, that there being burnt in all abouf Df E N G L A N D, 599 13100 Houfes, which valued one widi another at no more titan 15 pound yearly Rcncj at tlie low rate of ix years Purchafe,: will amount in the whole to ^960000 pound Sterling; the 87 Parifh Churches befides the moft fpidous Cathedral Church ot St. Paul, fix confecrated Chappels, the Royal Burfe or Exchanii,t\\c great Guild- lill, the Cuflom-lmfe, tite many magnificent Halls of fompanies, the fcvcral principal City-Gates, with other publick Edifices, to 2800000 /. The Wares, Hou(hould-ftulf, Moneys and other move¬ able Goods, during the Eire, and bringing them back af¬ terward, in tl'ic hire of Boats, Carts, and Porters, may be well reckoned at the leaf! 200000 /, the total where¬ of isalmofe 10 millions of pound5:Sterling, and yet not- withfianding ail thefe huge Ioffes by Fire, notwithfiand- ing that mod devouring Pcfiilencc in the year immedi¬ ately aforcgoing.and the then very chargablcWar againft three potent Neighbours, the Citizens recovering,after a^ few Months, their native cour3ge,haye fince fo cheerfully and unanimoufly fet themfelves to rebuild the City, that within the fpace of four years, they erefted on the fame ground looco Houfes, and laid out for the fame 3000000 of pounds Sterling, counting but 300 pou nd a Houfeone with another, befides fcvcral large Hofpitals, divers ve¬ ry (lately Halls, i9faiijfolid flonc Churches that did cod above 100000 pound, were aflat the fame time c- refted, and foon after finifhed; Moreover, as if the Late Fire had onely Purged the City, the Buildings are become infinitely more Beautiful, more Commodious, and more Solid ( the Three main Virtues of all Edifi¬ ces ) than before; Nay, as if tiic Citizens had not been any way Impovcriflied, but rather Inriched by that Huge Conflagration , they may be faid to be even wan¬ ton in their Expenccs,upon the Stately Italian Facciata's, or Fronts of their New Houfes, Churches and Halls; ( many of Poitland-St.OK,is durable almofl as Marble ■,) upon their Richly Adorned Shops, Chambers, Balconies, Signs, Portals, Thcit Publick Halls, arc fo Richly fet off with Curious Arehitefture , Carved-work m Stone and Wood, with Pifturcs and Wainfeot; not onely of Fjrr and Oak,hut fome with Swcet-fmelling Cedar; their Dd 4 Churches '6oo snije ¥)?cfeiu Churches Beautified uith Excellent various Towers, ajij Fronts of true Roman Architcftiircithey have made their Streets much more Large and Straight; Paved each fij( with Smoriih fl-.wn Stone, guarded the fame with many Maffic Polls,far the Security of Foot-palTengersiaRdlllunii. nated by night with Convex Lights,for tlie Benefit of all/ And whereas before they dwelt in Low, Dark, Wooden- Cottages , they now live in Lofty, Lightfome, Uniforn), Brick-buildings; So that although the then King could not fay of this His Capital City,3s one of the Emperours faid of Kanie ; Later'uim inveni, Mdmmm Reliqii}; Yet he might fay of it, what is almofl Equivalent;' Ltgncm Iineni, Laterhkm Reliqui; And of a Principal S.-rufture of this City, the Royal Exchange, JJingCWfe the 2d might have faid ; Lmcrhim Inveni, Lagitfriwi Reliqui. ^£»ubltcU ^fiutlhingB. ] In this Noble City arc vtry many and Magnificent; thofc mod efpccially, that arc Confecrate to ti;e Worfhip of God. There are, befides the Royal Chappels of Whitehall, and St. Jamei'i, that Spacious one at Guildhall, and many others; ijj Parifh- Churches; which, to the Glory of God, and the Honour of cur Reform’d-RcPgion, is double the number of any City in Cbriftendom ; and moft of thefe, for Solidity Euildir.g.for Spacioufnefs and Uniformity, for Beautiful, and Durable Stonc-ivork without, and for curious Wain-' fcor, and cxquifii; Carvings within, for Lightfomnefs and Convenience; do fufficiently evidence, the extraordina¬ ry value that we have for the Publick Worfhip of God .- For it is notorious enough , that thofc Publick Places for Divine Service, which have been here Built by this Age of Rmcfiants, do abundantly furpafs, both for Cod and Care, thofe which were Built by out Anccdours, in the times of Popery. To begin with that already Celebrated I’icce of ArchitcHare , the Cathedral-Church of St. Paul ', which, though it be not finifh’d,doth even now fhow,to 'what an ImperialGrandeur it is hadily afpiringpheHido- ry of whai it was in former times,I abbreviated in ail the preceding Editions of this Mnual; but becaufe ( keep my felt now moredriftly to the Prefent Stateof things; 1 /hall ordy fay, That it was fir/1 Founded by Segiert a of ENGLAND. 6oi Smi King, An. 610. in a place where had fiood a Tern- ole of Dinn-t. Afterwards twas enlarged by Erdnmald, {he Fourtli Bifhop of this See, The greateA part was dettroycd bv Fire 1086. in a General Conflagration of almoA tlie Whole City, and Re-built by M-imituit, the 3«h Bifhop, but not finifhed till mi. It was 6;o Foot lone, that’s 20 more than St. Peter’% in Rome, Tlie Nave, ot Body of the Church 102 Foot high, igo broad ; It’s Area 3 Acres and ^; its Tower in the Middle ( for ic was built, as other Cathedrals, Crofs-wife ) 520 Fooc high, befides a Bole of Copper Gilt, 9 Foot in com- pafs; on which was a Crofs i $ and i. Foot high ; and, on that an Eagle-Cock^ of Copper, Gilt, 4 Foot long. gnno ijJi, it rvas damag’d much by Fire; and with* in j years Repair’d by Q. EJi^. The Clergy of the Pro¬ vince of Ctmierburj, and the Citizens of/.M-fon, all con¬ tributing thereunto. A little before the Parliamentary-Rebellion, by the care of Arch-bifliop Xaiutf, whilAlicWa's Bifliopcf Lon- Jm, this vaA Building was in a great meafure Solidly and Sumptuoufly Repaired ; and befides, what was al¬ ready Expended, 170C00 /. Repofited in the Chamber of London, for the finifhing it ; but was taken out Toon after, and Employ’d in an Unnatural War, as ic too of¬ ten happens that Rebellion ends in Sacrilege. It is now Rebuilding, with greater Solidity, MagniS- cenceand Splendour, by the moA Renowned Architeft, iKChriftopher IPren ; the Tax upon Sea-coals Aiil conri, : ruing, being \s.6d. upon every Chaldron; befidc the Liberal Contributions of Pious and Devout Pcrrons.a.mong whom, that Learned Pattern of primitive Goodnefs, Arch bifliap Sancroft, while he was Dean of this Clrurch, Mvasmofl eminent for the carrying on fo Rciigiousand Glorious a Work. The Body of this Noble Pile, is, for the moA part, iilrtady Built, and appears now,through a Wood of Scaf- . folding, the Wonder, and the Glory of the Kingdom. ' The next is, that Ancient Stately Abby-Church ot ;l!^/fraiii/fer, Founded before the A/orm/in-Conqucfl, by like Pious King, Edward’A k ConfefTor ; and nioA Rich- 60Z snic f jcfcnt g)fate ly Endowed , afterwards Re built from the ground .by King //en. ilic 3d. with tliat Rare Architefture now fen wherein are the mod Magnificent Tombs, and Mona- mencs of our Kings and Qiiecns 1 of our Greateft Nobles and Famous Worthies of EngUnd. To tnc ball-end oi which is added a Chappcl of King Hen. the 7th, wliicli, for the mod Admirable Artificial Work without, am) wi'ihin, for a Monument of Maffy-Brafs, mod curionfly Wrought, and other, Mader-picces of Art, is fcarcc to be parallell’d in the World. This Huge Fabrick dands on that, which was once the oncly Firm-piece of ground in mjlmrnjlir , formerly called Tlmey-lttiad ; where h faid to have been a Temple Dedicated to /poffa; and at- terwa°rds^\hc ten King Segkrt, the fird Builder of St, Pud's afore-mentioned , Built here alfo a Church to Sr. Pads afore-mentionca , uunt nerc aiio a lu 01, Peier -, and yet it is the Conjefture of many Judiciots Arcliitefts, and Leprned Antiquaries, That the Anci¬ ent Strufture yet danding,betwixt Thieving-Lnne,or Urn- (freer ; and the Great Sanfluary, now employ’d oncly as a Cellar for Wine^ .-.cajlcd, B«c/w-Cellars, might very, probably have been .that Church of King Segkrt ; it Ix- jng made Church-wife, with a Double-Crofs, and the. Manner of its Building , certainly of greater Antiquity thau’any other whatfoever about the City ; the Pillars arc very Large, Square, and Strong -, but, bearing, no true Proportion with th? red of the Fabrick; the Arche? Pointed , yet in nothing Imitating, either tlie GotfiicI;, or Rom-rn Building. _ u - Queen Elixnkth Converted this Abby into a Collegi¬ ate Church , and therein placed a Dean, and 11 Secular Canons, or Prebendaries, a Mader, and Ufher, Frorty Scholars, VicarsSinging-.Mcn, and Twelve Almf- of E N G L A N D. 603 A LIST of the Prcfent Dean and Preben¬ daries o[ WEST MI US TE R. D r. Thi. Sprat-, tlie Deitl of Weflminflcr, CilTiop ol Rodcjicr. Dr. Littleton. Dr. Killiirctp jMaflcr of tlic Saim. 'Ot.Rutb) Hc-id-Maflcr of the Sdioo!. Dt.So'-ah, Canon of ChriR-Churcli, Oi/wd. Dr. Oiilji, Miniftcr of St. Margaret!, Dr. Email, Sub-Dean. The Honourable Dr. AmeJIy, Dean of Exeter. The Honourable George Berl;eley. h't.De Sartre. Dr. Birch, Miniftcr of Sc. Jamesu Mr. Vpman. Dr. Ibrneeh- Under-.Mafter , Mr. The, Knipe. Ulher, Mr. Butloeli. Dr. Dolbin, the Late Lord Arch-bifliop of at his firft coming to this Deanery, added a Thirteenth Prebend, WT St. Peter the Patron, which was an equal (lure, to be allowed by the iz Prebendaries, amounting to the full value of one of theirs, and is employed towards the Repair of the faid Abbey-Church. There are Petty-Canons, and others, belonging to the Choice, to the Number of 30 ; amongll whom is that Excellent Organiff, and Unparallcll’d Compofer, Dr. henrp Purcel. Thefc are the Two Mother-Churches; but it would be cndlefs to fpcak particularly of all the other Churches of Great Remark ', as Borr-Churth in Cbeapfide ; whoft Col- iyNew-Tower, for Solidity, Beauty,and a Ring of Bells, is Macchlcfs. The Spacious Church of Covent-Garden liath not one Pillar in it, befidc thofc Magnificent ones 6o 4 ^^jefent ^tate of its Vortico; yet tlic Roof which is flat, and plain, h fubfl'antially Supported by Myfterious Workmanniip.Tk Amplitude, and Statclinefs of divers o'her Churches is very wonderful; ^sChnJi’s-Church, St. Andeerr'i-HMn, St. Lawrence i ; wliere there are two Celebrated Weekly lcaurcs,Sr. Michael CoinhiH's, St.M.irg.iret’s, St. Jama's, and Sc./fiin’5 mlrninller ; mofl of which arc Richly fur- nifliedwith Maffy-Gommunion-Plate, Sumptuous Altar- Pieces, Marble, or Alabaftcr-Fonts, Carved Pulpits, Cloths of Gold and Silver, or Velvet, Fringed and Em¬ broider’d, Perfian Orpets, and the like. PALACES and HOVSES lelongmg to the CKO W N. N Ear the Abbey-Church of IVeflminHer flood tk Royal Paiace , and ulual Place of Rcfidence for the Kings of EnrlanJ, who ordinarily held their Parlia¬ ment, and all their Courts of Judicature in their Duel¬ ling Houfes ( as was done at I’aris by the King of Frajcr, in the I/Ie de Sajire Dame ; and is at this day at Madtmy the King of %/n ) and many times fate chemfelvesin the faid Courts of Judicature, as they do ftill in their Court of Parliament. A great part of this Huge Palace was in the time of Hen. 8. deftroyed by Fire ; what re¬ main’d hath (till been employ’d for the ufe of the Lords and Commons Affembled in Parliament, and for Chiel Courts of Judicature, and for the King’s Treafury. The Great Hall, where the Great Courts of King’s-Bench, Common-Pleas,and Chancery are kept,fomc fay was Built by Iffilliam Rufus ; others, by Richard the ad. which, tot all its Dimcnfions, is not to be cquall’d by any Hall m Chtiflendom. It is 170 Foot long, and 54 Foot broad, ■the'hcighth proportionable. 50$ Of ENGLAND.' TOWER o/LONDON. F or tlie Security and Defence of this Famous City and River , there have been anciently divers For- trclTes; but that call’d the Tasner of Loitdm, hath been eminent above all others: It is not oncly a Fort or Cittadcl to defend and command both City and River , but a Royal Palace likewife, where our Kings, with their Courts, have fometimes Lodged; a Royal Arfenal, where are Arms and Ammunition for doooo Soldiers; the Trea- fury for the Jewels and Ornaments of the Ciovid, the onely Mint for Coyning of Gold and Slver; the Great Archive, where are Conferved all the Ancient Records of the Courts of IVefiminjler, &c. the cliief Pri- fon for the fafe cuftody of Great Perfons that arc Cri¬ minals in matters of State ; ift Ihorr, if the great Ex¬ tent thereof within the Walls be confidered, and its Au¬ thority over the fcveral Hamlets without, and the many High Privileges and'Liberties belonging thereto, it may rather be reputed a City than a Cittadel. In the midfl of it, the great White Square-Tower was built by iPiliiam. the Conquerour. In what County the Tbtre,- is ( or whether it he in a- ny ) is not determined ; part of it feme hold to be in IHiddlefex, and part in the Liberty of the City Thofe that were Tryed for the Murther of Sir Ttitmas 0- verbury, by the Judges Opinion, were Tryed as in the City, the Faff being done in that part of the Tosver held to be in the City Liberties. Witiiin the lower is one Parochial Church, and a Royal Chappel, called Csfar’s Chappel, but 'tis now out of ufe; the Church is called 'S. Petri ad Vincula infra Turrim , exempt from all Ecclefiaftical Jurifdiftion of the Arch- bilhop, and is a Donative bcflowcd by the King, with¬ out Inftitution and Induftion : It’s prefent PaRor is the Reverend Dr. Hmlfins Dean of Chichejier, Conthbie^ 6o6 stfje ^picfciit §>fnt0 ConttablcS of tijc Cotocr.] The Toirerof Unin, till the beginning of Q. Elixiibalh Reign,was Governei by a Canflabk, and foinetimes by a Cujhs Tunis, and in his abfence by his Lieutenant, or Deputy ; they had the Government of the Tamr, fometimes during Life, fome- times Daranre bcuc Pluciio, were I’rivy-counccllors, and had their Refidence in the Royal Palace,within the Ttmir, and fometimes had the Ciiflody of the Armories, Stores and Vidtuals; thefe were alfooft-times Lieutenants, or Confervators of the City of London, Sheriffs of MMlefu, and other adjacent Counties,had the power to Infpcftall Offices within the romer,and to report to the King all Mf demeanors or Neglcfts -, and in i'r.it. 28 of £rf. 3d. Cia}, JO. to Declare the Penalty of the Mayor, and Sheriffs, Circ. of the City of Londm, for neglefting to Redrefs Er- rours, Mifprifions, and the Tryals of Defaults Hull be by Enquefis of foreign Counties, as fijfear, Kent, &c, that the Con liable, or his Licutenpt lhall, in futh cafe, Receive and Execute the King’s Writs. Ma¬ ny other Powers and tfrivileges did anciently be¬ long to the Conflable of the Toirer of Lendon; And Amu Dam. 1679. the Riglit Honourable R'i//r.ini LordA- /rngron, Baron/Ir/rngijn of H^mond/ey in England, and Hil¬ lard in Ireland, had that Dignity and Office of Cmjiable of the Tomer, and Liberties thereof, conferred upon him in the room and place of the Right Honourable James Earl of Uortharnfm, with the Fee or Allowance of 1000/, per Annum ; he was Lord Lieutenant of the Hamlets, in Number 21. lying in feveral Parifhes of Large extent belonging to the Tower ■, whofe Trained-Bands, being Two entire Regiments of Foot of Eight Companies in each Regiment, and about 200 well appointed men k each Company, one with another, do form a Body of between 3 and 4 00 men, svho are to attend the King’s Perfon in time of need, and are to march no farther than the King ; they were fometimes the Guards of the Tower, and are, if there be occafion, ready to reinforce the Garrifon by Command of the Conflable , who, Vir¬ tue Officii, is to be in the Commiffion of the Peace for the City ofLondon,Counties of Middlefex.Jient and Surrc). By the lace death of the aforc-mention d Lord AriH- of E N G L A N D. ^07 (,iii,tliac confideraUe Office became vacant, and is not vet filled lip. . liciitciinnt. J The next Officer in Command,is tlie Chief Governotir, or Lieutenant of the Turner, who, at pre- fenr, is the Rigiit Honourable R'Aert Lord Lucas, Baron of Shsnfteld ; a worthy Perfon, and of known Fidelity ; he is alfo, by virtue of his Office , to be in Comraiffion for the Peace of the Counties of Mtddlejex,Kent and^ar- fty, and is to Aft under, and he Subordinate to tlieCon- (lablc for the time being, in all things touching the Exe¬ cution of the faid Office of ConP.ablc, and during his ab- fcncc to do, perform and execute all Powers and Autho¬ rities , Afts, Matters and Things whatfoever, relating to the Execution of the Office of Conffable, in as ample manner, as if the Conflable were perfonally prefent. He hath for the Execution of his Office a Salary of 200 /. per Annum , with all .the Fees and Perquifites, which Sir Jiin Robinfon, or any other of his Predcceffors ever had. He hath, as Appurtenant to his Office, by Grants of di¬ vers of the former Kings of England , the Privilege of taking Vnam Laginam , Two Gallons and a Pint, ante Mum is retro, and a certain quantity out of every Boat laden with Lobllers and Oyfters, or any other Shell- filh which paffeth by the Tomer, and takes double the quantity out of every Aliens Boat, to what he takes our of the Natives. Every Perfon of the Quality of a Duke, being fent Prifoner to the Tomer, pays 200 /. as his Fee. Every Baron under the degree of a Duke loo /.and every Commoner 50 /.He hath alfo, as a further Perquifitc, the difpofal of the qoYeomcn-Warders Places,as iheydieoff. Under the Command of the Conflable f ana in his abfcnce, of the Lieutenant} .ire the Gentleman-Porter, the 40 Yeomen-Warders.and the Gunners of the Tower. ®cntlcnian>|30itcr. ] The Gentleman-Porter, Major TImai Hamlcy, (who holds his Place by Patent.) He hath charge of the Gates, 'to Lock up, and open; and to deli¬ ver the Keys to tire Conflable ( and in his abfence to the Lieutenant) every Night, and to receive them of him in the Morning : He Conimands the Warders that arc upon the Days-wait, and at ihe Entrance of a Pti- foacr hath for his Fee Veflimenta Superhra , or elfe a ■ Compoficioa ^o8 kU I9?cfenc §)£ate Corapofition for the fame, which is ufually 30/. fora Peer , and 5 /. a piece for otliers. Note, That the ancient Allowance from the King to a bake, Prifoner in the Tower, was 12 /. a Week, now but 4 1. the like to a Marquifs; to all other Lords anciently JO/.a Week, now 2/. 4/. 5 rf. to Knights and Gentle¬ men heretofore 3 /.a Week, now 13 s. qtf. to Indigent Prifoners now to/.yerWeek. Court of IKccojDO. ] In the Tomer is an Ancient Coarr of Recordi, held every Monday by Prefeription, for die Liberty of the Tower, of Debt, Trefpafs, and ci¬ ther Aftions of any Sum greater or lelTer, whereof yon may Read in the 4th 0: EH^. 4. f. 36. a. b, Mr. Cotton is chief Steward ot the faid Court, and.De¬ puty Steward .• Befidcs the Ancient Liherty of the Tower which Adjoyns to it, the Old-Artillery-Gardni by Spittle-fields, and the iin/e-A/inarre/, are within the Timer-Liberty ; The Gentleman-Porter of the Tower, for the time beingj hath the fame Power and Authority in the faid Liberty, as Sheriffs within their refpeftive Counties, and he Conflituteth Bailiffs thereof, to exe¬ cute all fuch Procefs and Warrants, as direfted to them by the Stewards of the Court, and hath all Efcheats,Dti- dMds, and Goods of all Felons de fe. canrsers. ] The Teomnn Wardersol the Towerare 40 in number, wlio are accompted the Kings Domeflict Servants, and are Sworn by the Lord Chamberlain of their Majeflies Houlhold, or by the Clerk of the Cheque; their Duty is to attend Prifoners of State, and to wait at the Gates; Ten of them are ufually upon the Days-wait, to take an Account of all Perfons that come into the Tower, to Enter their Names, and the Names of the Per¬ fons they go to in a Book, to be Perufed by the Confla- ble, or Lieutenant. Two of them are upon the Watch every Night. myz ibfSce anti fierper of the IHccojtis fit tp ColXitr. 3 The Office of their Majefties Records kept in the Tower of London, is of very Venerable Antiquity, and the Keeper and Deputy of the fame dignified with fpe- cial Truft , whereof the Keeper at prefent is that Lear¬ ned Antiquary Willinm rcijr, Efq; one of the E-n' diets of E N G L A N D; 609 chtrs of the Innirr-Temple, his Salary it 500 /, per An- " This Officer is firff Recommended by the Mafter of the p,ilts to the King, and if he be found fitly qualified to execute the great Truft, lie is Admitted and Sworn by thefaid Mafter, and afterwards Confirmed by theKing'i Letters-Patents. It was, before the taking away of the Court of Wardf of great Profit, but now become very inconfiderable. Before Mr. Willim Pryme came to be Keeper of thefe Records, they had Iain many years in oneconfufed Chaos, buried under Duff and Cobwebs in a Corner of the Wnite-Tower, in the cleanfing whereof, faith Mr. ?t)mi, he found many Rare, Precious Records, rela¬ ting to the High-Court of Pm'liament, and to all the Courts in Weftminfter-Hall ■, to our Laws, Government, Trade, Merchants, Coyn, Revenue, Militia, Navy, Wars ; to the Affairs of Etighnd, Wnles, Scotland, Ireland-, to all the King’s Dominions in France, and all the Iflet adja¬ cent, to Spain, Portugal, &c. Relating alfo to all Tran- faftion with the PopeoiRome, Cardinals, Legats,,iK; to all the Privileges of our Clergy, and of our Laity , befidesmany Records of Private concernment; all which will require much time, and many Hands to Kalendar, or reduce into Alphabetical Tables ; thus far Mr. Prjhne. As the Cliappel of the Rolls in Chancery-Lane, and Pet- ty-bag-Ofice doth fill with Records out of other Offices, they arc tranfmitted into the Tower, after fome years ; for it hath been the wifdom and care of former Ages, ta fend the Records of feveral Courts to the Tower, for their Prefervation and Safety , not onely as a Policy.of State, but the particular Intereff of all men, having £• Rates, requiring it; there being many Prefidents for ic remaining in the Records of the Tower, and a particular Form of a Writ, to fend the Records in the Chappel of the Rolls to the Tower'of London. The Records of the Tower ( amongff other things ) contain tlie Foundations of Abbeys, and other Religious Houfes; and the Records in the Rolls, contain the Dif- folution of thofe Abbeys, and the Donation of tl;e Lands, of which many Families are now polleft; and if E e thofe 6io %\)t ^jefcnt ^tate tliofe Records were all in one place, the People migltt have Accefs unto them, all under one and the fame Search and Charge^ which would be a great Eafc and Be¬ nefit to the People, and Safety to the Records of this Nation. Befides, thefe Records at the Rollt being joynej to thofe in the 7o»er, will make a perfeft continuance of all the Ancient Rights of the Engtifh Nation, which are now (et forth in the Records of the Tamer , whereof thefe following are a few Heads, or Particulars of them. [ ContcKts of foiiic Of tljo IRccojbS, ] The Leagues of Foreign Princes, and the Treaties ■with them. And all the Atchievements of this Nation in Frmce, and other Foreign Parts. The Original of all the Laws that have been Enafltd or Recorded , until tlie Reign of Ricimd the 3d. The Homage and Dependency of Scotbnd upon Ettg- land. The Eflablilhmcnt of Ireland in Laws and Domini¬ ons, The Dominion of the Britipi Seas, totally^ excluding both the French and Hollanders to Fi(h therein, without licence from England, proved by Records before the Conqueft. The : nrcrefl of the l(le of lUan, and the Jfles of Jn- /ey, Oiiernfey, Sarl(j and Alderney ; which 4 laft are the Remaining part of the Norman PofTefifion. The Title of the Realm of France, and how ob¬ tained. And all that the Kings and Princes of this Land have, until that time done abroad, or granted or confirmed unto their Subjeffs at home or abroad. Tenures of all the Lands in England, Extents, or Sur- ■vcys of Manners and Land ; Inquifitions pojl mortem, of Infinite Advantage upon Trials of Intereft , or De- feent. Liberties and Privileges granted to Cities , and Towns Corporate, or to private Men, as Court-Leeis, • ■ Wailh, of ENG LAND, (Jn Waiffs, Eftrays, Markets, Fairs, Free-warren, Felons Goods, or what elfe could come to the Crown, or pals out of it. Several Writs, Pleadings, and Proceedings, as well in Chmerj , as in all the Courts of Common Law, and £*- cteijuer. Infpeximns's and Inrolments of Charters and Deeds, made and done before the Conquelf, Deeds or Con- ttafls between Party and Party, and the Juft Eftablifh- ment of ail the Offices in the Nation, The Metes and Bounds of all the Fotefts in England, with the feveral refpeftive Rights of the Inhabitants therein to Common of Pafture, Befidcs many other I’tivileges and Evidences, which are too long to be here repeated or inferted. And are therefore in the Petition of the Commons of EoiLtnd in Parliament, Anno 46 Edw, 3d, Numb. 43. faid to be the Perpetual Evidence of every Man’s Right, and the Records of this Nation, without which no Story of the Nation can be Written or Proved. Thefc Records are Repofited within a certain place or To'.ver, called Ifit^e/eWraiver , adjoyning to the Bloody Tower. Near Traitors-Gate there is another place cal¬ led Jnliiis Csfar'i Chaff el, in the White Tower; the going up to this Chappel is in Cold-harbour, 84 Steps up, with 6 or 8 great Pillars on each fide; and, at the upper end thereof, there was a Marble Altar, which, in the late times of Rebellion, was caufed to be beaten down , as a Monument of Tyranny and Superftition, There are many Cart-Loads of Records lying in this place) out of which William Pryime, Efq; Late Keeper of the fame, with Indefatigable Labour, Colledfcd and Printed many of Publick Utility, Anno 1659, iddo, 166:, 1664. in Four feveral Volumes; beginning Primo Regie Johannis: for before that time there were no Rolls, buc onely Charu Antiqus ; or Ancient Tranferipts made and done before, and lince the Conqueft, until the beginning of Join; there follows his Son Hen. 3d. where the firft Office, Pojl Mortem, begins; then there is Edteard tjl, od, and 3d, Rich, the id. Hen. the qlb, Henry the 51/;, Henn the 6 ih, and Edw. the Fourth, and .nquifitions p.y{ E e a Moitem 6ii %\)t &tatc A/ortem of Richnrd the ^d, who Reigned onely Three Years; the Rolls of that Riog arc in tlic Chappcl of the Rolls in Chmeery-Lane. (;®;cfch:ral£@arh6oit tljc ^eijctTW, toljicljcoii- tain tl)C IRfccfCD.] The Rolls of the 7s»cr are varioufly difUnguidica’, viz. Rotuli pMntiim Ch.irtarum,l’arHamenlonim, Ctaufrim, finim Salk, I'.tfconk, Frunck, Hibirnix, Wallk, Nmnms, Almmmk, Ohlau, Liberau , Exlralh^ Fcrambuklmts, Foreflx,Scutag. Rttul. Marefchal. Roms, de Treugis Chirljlj Talent, fall. in partibus tranfmarm, patent de Domibin Ja- d-eorum protedfisn^de pardmalion. &c. Stapuis.Cum mullU A- liii ; which are lately Depifted upon the out-iide of e- very Prefs in the Repofitory belonging to each King’s Reign ; and very eafily to he brought forth for the ufc of the Client, by Tables of Orders hanging up in the faid Office , and Subferibed by the Keeper thereof. The fame is to be kept open, and conllantly attended for all Reforters thereto, from the hours of 7 to 11 of the Clock in the Morning; and from i, to 5, in the Af¬ ternoon, every day of the week, except in the Months of December, Jamary, and February ; and, in them,from 8, till 1 j in the Morning; and from i, till 4 in the Af¬ ternoon ; except on Holy-days, Publick-Fafling, and rTliankfgiving-days, and times of great Pcdilence. Office of £D^5nancc. ] Within the Tourer is kept the Office of His Majcjlies Ordnance, which hath been always an Office of great Account and fmportance; as being the oncIy Standing, and Grand Magazine of the Principal I’reparativcs, Habiliments, Utenfils, and Indrumcntsof War, as well by Sea as Land , for the Defence and Sa¬ fety of the Kingdom; and confequently hath Influence an the Navies, Forts, Cafllcs, and Armies thereof; ha¬ ving the Superintendence, Ordering, and Difpofing, as well of the Grand Magazine in the Tower, as at IVoolwicb, Chatham, Portfmouth, Vpner-Cajlle, Plimouth, Ml, Bet- vk\, and elfesvhere; wherein, generally, in times of Feacc, there is Powder, to the Quantity of about 14, or 15000 Barrels; with Arms forHorfeaad Foot, 0rd- of ENGL AND, 613 nance, Slioc, and other Stores, proportionable, as welf lor Sea, as Land, Lodged in their fcveral Score-hou- fes apart, with great Order and Care, for the better pre- ferving, and more fpeedy difpatcli in delivering out tlie fame, as the King's Occafion ftall require; wivch may not onely Defend Englmd, but be formidable to all our Neighbours. It is under the Government in Chief , of the Marter of the Ordnance, wlio is commonly a Perfon of Great Eminence, and Integrity; and is in Frame cal¬ led, Le Grand Matjire d'AttUlerk ; which word, Artillerk, is either ab Arte lelormn Mmendmm ; or elfe it denotes all manner of Ordnance, and may poflTibly be derived from the halm, Artiglio, fignifying the Talons, or Claws ofVulturs, Eagles, and fuch Rapacious Birds of Prey ; as alfo of Dragons, Bafilisks, and Griffons: by which they not oncly Defend themfclves, but Tear and Rend in pie¬ ces all that oppofe them. Hence the fcveral forts of Can¬ non fecni to be Denominated from fuch kind of Crea¬ tures, as Falcons, Falconets, Salters, Culvcrines f from the Latin, Coluber, fignifying a Serpent, or Dragon) and Bafilisks, jefent a>tate cers; to fee them daily Executed; to make Orders, as the King’s Occafion fhall require, for things of fuch Im¬ portance ; in which the King’s Warrants, or Warrants from the Lord High-Admiral, are not needful -, the Ma- ffer, in former times, being not fo often there; but, of late years, the Mafler is for the moft part prefent at the Board, svith the Principal Officers, for the Afting of inofl things, three days a week being appointed by them for their Sitting, whereat they feldom fail, if any Sufinefs of confequence requires their prefence. The lieutenant of the Ordnance is alfo to give Orders for the Difcharging the Great Ordnance, when required, upon Coronation-days, Feflivals, Triumphs,and the like; and alfo to fee the Train of Artillery, and all its Equi¬ page fitted for Motion, upon any Occafion, when it (hall be ordered to be drawn into the Field. The prefent Surveyor is folm Cimlian, Efq; who alfo is Affiftant to the Lieutenant-General, whofe Charge is, to Survey all their Majeftics Ordnance, Stores, and Pro- vifions of War , in the Cuftody of the Store-keeper, xvhich he is to fee fo difiinguifhcd and placed, as (hall be beftfor their prefervationand fafety;for a Decent View, and a Ready Accompt; toallosvall Bills of Debt, and to keep Cheque upon all Labourers and Artificers Works; and to fee that all provifions received, be good and fer- viceable, and duly proved , with the Affillance of the reft of the Officers, and the Proof-Mafters, and Marked tvith the King’s Mark, if they ought fo to be. The prefent Clerk of the Ordnance is Sir Ua. Litile- m, Bar. whofe place is to Record all Orders, and In- ilruftions given for the Government of the Office ; 4s likewife all Patents, and Grants, and the Names of all Officers, Clerks, Artificers, Attendants, Gunners, Labour¬ ers, and others, who enjoy the faid Grants, or any other Fees from the King for the fame ; to draw all Eftimates for Provifions and Supplies to be made j and all Letters, Inftruftions, Commiffions, Deputationsjand Canrrafts for their Majefties Service; to make all Bills of linpreft, and Debentures for the Payment and Satisfaftion of the Refpeftive Artificers and Creditors of the Office, for work doncj or Provjfions Received; and (JuarterrBoolis Of ENGL AND. 615 for the Salaries, Allowances, and Wages of all Officers , Clerks, and other Minifters belonging to the faid Office; as alfo to keep Journals, and Ledgers of the Recei)3ts,and Returns of all their Majefties Stores; that nothing be bought, borrowed, given, received, lent, orimployed, without due Record thereof; to ferve as a Cheque be¬ tween the two Accomptants of the Offi.c, the. one for Money, the other for Stores. The I’refent Store-keeper is WilHitm Miefers, Efq; who is to take into his Charge and Cuflody all their Maje- llies Ordnance , Munitions and Stores thereunto belong¬ ing ; and to indent, and put in Legal Security for the fafe keeping thereof ; and for making Juft and Tiue Ac- conipt from time to time, to Receive no Provifions wliatfoever that are manifcftly unferviceable, ot before they have been Surveyed by the Surveyor; nor to IlTue any proportion of Ordnance, Munition and Stores, ex¬ cept the faid proportion be agreed upon, and Signed by the Olficers, according to the fignification and appoint¬ ment ot the Mailer of the Ordnance, grounded upon Order of their Majefties, prSix of the Privy-Council, or the Lord Admiral, for matters concerning the Navy; nor to receive back any Stores formerly lllued, until they have been Reviewed by the Surveyor, and Regiftred by the Clerks of the Ordnance In the Book of Remains; to look that all theii Majefties Store-lioufes be well Repair¬ ed, and well Accommodated; and the Stores kept in fuch Order and Luftre, as is fit, for the Service and Ho¬ nour of their Majefties. The prefent Clerk ot Deliveries is, Philip dfo/grttue, Efq; whofe Duty is to Draw up all Proportions, or Or¬ ders for Delivering any Stores or Provifions wliatfoever, cither at the torver, or any other of their Majefties Ma- gaiincs, to fee them duly Executed ; and by Indenture or Receipt, to charge the particular Receiver of their Majefties faid Stores, and to Regifter as well Copies of all Warrants for Deliveries, as the Proportion Delivered, for tile better Difchargmg of the Store-Kceper. Tiic Treafurer, or Pay-mafter, is the Honourable Charles Bertie, Efq; Brother to the Right Honourable the Earl of Lindfty, through whofe hands the Money pf the E e 4 ’ whole €i 6 SClje p^cfcnt &tate whole Office of the Ordnance Runs, as well for Paynwnt of Salaries, as Debentures; by which Methods, all Mo. ney,'but Salaries, isdlfpofcd of, whether for Fortifica. tions, Building, Buying in of Stores, ifc. and no Mo- ney to be by him allowed to any Peribn, without being lifted, or Appointed, to be paid by the Maftcr undtr his Hand. There are other Subordinate Officers, who likcwife hold their Places by Patent; as, Firjl , The Mafter-Gunner of England, Captain Rich¬ ard Leal(_-, who IS to Teach and Inftruft all fuch as dt- fne to Learn the Art of Gunnery , and to Adminifterto every Scholar an Oath ; which, befides the Duty of Al¬ legiance , bindeth him not to ferve any Foreign Prince or State (without Leave) nor to Teach the Arc of Gunnery to any, but fuch as have taken the faid Oath; and to Certifie to the Mafter of the Ordnance, the Sufficiency of any Perfon Recommended to be one of their Majeftics faid Gunners, and his Ability to Difcharge the Duty of a Gunner. Secmdl), The prefent Keeper of the Small Guns, it Mr. Tim. Gardiner ; who hath the Charge and Cuftodydf their Majefties Small Guns; as Mufquets, HarquebuKS, Carabines, Piftols, with their Furnitures. ' There are divers other Inferiour Minifters, Atten-' dants, and Artificers; as, the Clerks, Proof-Mafters, ^lelTengefs, Maftcr-Smith, Mafter-Carpenter, Mafict- Wheelwright, Mafter-Gunfmith , Furbifher, and the like; which, for brevity fake, fhall be palfed over. Yet, it may not be here omitted, that there is a fur¬ ther Superintendency and Jurifdiftion peculiar to the Mafter of the Ordnance, over all their Majefties Engi¬ neers, employed in the fcveral Fortifications of this Kingdom; moft of whom have'their Salaries and Al¬ lowances payable in the faid Office , to which they are Accountable, and from whence they receive their par- •icular Orders,and InftrnftioDS, according to the Direfti- ens, of ENGLAND. 617 ons, and Commands given by their Majcflies, and figni' lied’by the Mafter of the Ordnance. Tlieir Majefties Principal Engineer at prcfenc, is Sir Mtriin Beckman, Knight. Clje Crain of JSrtillctp. ] Tl-.c Train of Artille- ,y within the Tower, is very Confidcrabie , and wor¬ thy of particular obferyation , confirting of 50 Pieces of Brafs Ordnance, Mounted on Trauling-Carriages, with all its Furniture necelTary add fit for Marching ; befides ftveral Mortar-pieces, fome whereof are of an extraor¬ dinary Bignefs ; the greated Pieces ot Cannon are Can¬ nons of Eight, weighing about y^oo Weight, and 6 ^ Pound Ball each ; and fo of mod Natures to a Saker, or Mignion , being the lowed. There are other Trains of Artillery in their Majedics Magazines abroad; asac PtrifmiMih a very confidtrable one ; at Plinmtb, Wind- fir, See. with great number of Mortars, Bombs, Garcat fes, ire. (SumiCtC. ] The Gunners of the Twer ( Mr. Tht- mas Dodge being Maflcr ) arc to Manage, and look after the Ordnance Mounted on the Lines and Batteries^ which are all fix’d and ready with Cattrouches and Ball for Service, on the diortcd warning. One, or more ot them arc upon Duty Day and Night, to attend vihzz Orders (hall be given them. Of the MI NT. M oreover, in tlie Tower is kept the Office of the iliiil ; where oncly of Latter rimes, is Minted all the Bullion that is Minted in Enp.md ; although the King hath Power to Set up a Mint in any other placeof His Kingdom, The Mint is a Corporation, confiding uf the Warden, Mader , Workers. Monyers, 'Twas fo Setled by Charter of King Edsr. ‘id. and Con- Srined by the fcvcriii Kings (ince, 5i8 Srije 53jef£nt S)tate tillatDcii of tlj: Office are divers Per: fons of Quality and Worth, wliereot the Principal is cal- led the IPhri/en, and Keeper o( the Exchange and Mini- whofe Office is to Receive tlie Silver and Gold brought io by the Merchants,Goldfmiths,or others; to Pay them for it, and to Over-fee all the reft ; and is at prefent eye- cured by Benjamin Overton , Efft; the Fee goo/, per d«- S!9aa:r anh mother. ] Next is the Mafter and Mrier of their Majefties Money of Gold and Silver,who Receives the Bullion from the Warden, caufes-it toht Melted , Delivers it to the Moncyers, and when it ii Minted, Receives it again from them: His Allowauct formerly was not any Set fee,but according to the pound- weight, as by an Indenture, under the Great-Seal, ap¬ peared ; The Perfon executing this Office , is Tin. AVal, Efq; the Fee now is 50b /. per Annum, Cotnpt:ollcr. ] The Third Office is the Comptrolltr, who fees that the Money be all made according to the 1 uft Aftize; to over-fee the Officers,and Comptrol thtin, 'if the Money be not as it ought to be ; his Fee is 300/. per Annum, and is now James Htinre, Efq; 25(rap=219nftcr.] The Fourth is the AlTay-Maffcr, who Weighs the Bullion , and fees that it be accordioj to the Standard ; whofe Fee is 250 /. per Annum, and ii Daniel Brattle, Efq; ^StlDitOpS. ] Tile Fifth are the Auditors, to take the Accompts, and make them up, Tm. Donn, and Brat Bridges, Efq; their Fee is 20 /. per annum each, 5>urbcpop of tl;c fll^cltiiitj. ] The Sixth h ik Surveyor of the Melting , who is to fee the Bullion cafi out, and not to be altered, after it is delivered to die Melrer ; which is, after the Affay-Maftcr hath made Trial thereof, George Evans, Efq; the Fee too /- per At- pum, CJtcisilft of ENGLAND. ^19 titcfgljcr anti I^tellct.] The office of and Tiller, is executed by 77«. Fitch, Efq; Fee too /. Chief Clctb.3 There is alfo the King’s Cfe/ C/eri^, Thm.u //j//,Efqi and Foifr other Clerks for tlie Office of Kcceipt. lEiigtncct.] The prefent Engineer of the Mint, is Thi- Vaylcy, Gentleman, Fee too /. per Atinm. ©jaficr. ] The Crarer of the Mint is, that Admira¬ ble Artift/fenry ^/irrir, Efq; Fee 12 j 1. fee Annum. ^joboff. ] Tiic Pronoji of the Company of Money- ets, which Company confifts of above 40 I’crfons, for Working and Coyning of Gold and Silver Money, is Till. Anilerfon, Gent. i^rltcrc. ] There belong alfo to the Mint many Of¬ ficers, and Others, as Melters, Smiths, li^. Mr. Jonathin Amircfe, and Mr. Peter Johnfm ■, Blanchers, Moulders, and labourers, ire. Philip Dnllotv is I’orter of the Mint, Thefe Officers and Moneyers of the Mint, have always been exempted from all Fublick Offices, and their E- flates free from all Taxes and Parilh-Dutics. 5)t. Catharines. ] Ne:r the Tamer is Sc. Kntha- rinei, which hath a Royal |urifdiftion for Ecclefiaftical Caufes, and Probate of Wills, and bclongech to the Cj^. Dowager; Dr. Bud is Ccmmilfary ; from whom, if any will Appeal, it muff be to the King in His Court of Cbi’, Efq; Regifter in the King’s^ RcitiembrancerVOffice for Clerks, Jirc.f 240 go co in looking after Coaft- Bonds _ miliK” ^KmierflonjUlhet of the Cunom- L 004 00 00 Houfc J Nineteen King’s Waiters at 52 /. each perl mm. In all j- ^ Oj/cers appointed ly Warrant from the Lords Commijftoners of their Majefties ' ■/ R E A SV RT. One Examiner outwards.. ■ — 030 co 00 One Receiver outwards.-■■ 080 co 00 One Copying-Clerk outwards.-030 00 co One Examiner inwards-w_——■ ■060 00 00 One Receiver from the Plantations too 00 00 One Receiver for tlie grand Receipts inwards-ioo oo oo Sir Pohn Sliarv for the Wines and Currans One Copying-Clerk inwards-040 00 00 One Winc-Tafter, and Examiner of the"} Sufficiency of Officers Securities f 9 ° one g 8 %\iz ^ta(e One Wine-Tafter and Gager->- - .. — c One Clerk of the Coaft-Bufincfs--^-- OneAfllftan: to the Clerk of the Ship’s 7 Entries ^ Mr. tym'i Clerk----- Giles L}tcit,is Clerk of the Plantation-Ae- 7 ^ compts j” One Clerk to the Accomptant-0 One Northern Clerk-- One Plantation-Clerk- 0 One Copying-Clerk-.———-- — 0 Four Examiners of the out- Port Books- i Three Jcrquersat too/, each—— — 3 One Clerk of the Coaft-Bufinefs, and ma-7 king Bills of Score ^ Two Appraifers, each 30 1. is-;- o Six pair of Oares for the Coaft-ColleftorsjT ^ each 60 /. per mmn, ^ One Pay-Mafter of the Incidents-:—. o One Examiner and Computer of Wines 7 and Currans ^ ® A Door-keeper 10 1. and a Mcirenger7 30/. In all j* Six Watchmen for the Houfe, at ijl.perl annum each. r Samuel C/ari^ Surveyor of theWare-Iioufe— 2 Ware-houfeKeeperforaClerk-o Alliflant to the Surveyor of the Wate-houfe o Seventeen Coaft-Waiters, at 40 /. per an--\ num each. Their bufinefs is to go on / Board Merchant Ships,as they come up > 6 the River Thames, till their Officers\ take them in charge. In all, J . One Surveyor of the Coaft-Waicers—— 0 One'Clerk to the Tyde-Surveyors, and to 7 flit the Weighing-Porters on Work ? ° Tweniy . of E N G L A N D; 625 /. s. d. 62} 00 00 Twenty five Weighing-Porters, at iy l.l each. Gager —--- _ 30 CO 00 Surveyors of the Land-waiters,at 150 /. each,Eight. Makes in all—1200 co 00 firtpine Bertie , Efq; Surveyor of theT .Searchers. r /. a. d 150 CO 00 Six Searchers, at 27 /. each, Isin all-- 161 00 CO JAit Ciik^ Regifier of the Coequets in the 7 Seitchers Office,'' r 30 00 CO Tide-Surveyors, at 60 /. each, makes- 480 CO 00 Tliirty one Land-Waiters, at 80 /. eacli.O Makes in all r ' 1480 00 00 Fourfiore Tidefmen,at 5 /.each, befidei-i 3 j, per diem, each, when employed ^ ,on Board of Siiips. -J 400 00 CO 13 Land-Carriage-Men , at 35 /. each,7 whofe bufinefs is to take notice of al!( Goods by Carriers, which ought to pay T Cuhoms. 3 455 00 00 One Surveyor of the Land-Carriage-Men— Thirty fix Watchmen, at 6 A 15 r. each — 243 00 CO Sixteen Noon-TendeK, who attend the? Goods on the Keys,wliilli the other Of-/ licers go to Dinner. Ac id /. each.— ^ 2yd 00 00 V f SClje f jefrat ^tate 6 z 6 f Eight pair for tiiel ( Tide-Surveyors, I One for the Surveyor ofthe Aftof Naviga- 12 pair of OarS(J fg’ searcliers, • 7^0 oo 'o I One for the Wood-Of- ' I fice. I One for the Surveyor of t Scarch.At 6o Acach.j Gmejend, one Searcher. -- 40 00 00 Two pair of Oars there at 30/. each- 60 00 00 Leigh, one Surveyor, Waiter and Searcher- 20 00 00 Two Perfons to clean the Cujism-ffoufe - 24 00 co Greemkb, one Waiter and Searcher-— 50 00 00 Birkin, one Surveyor- - --40 00 co In the Receiver-General and Cajheer's Office, 1. u I IVUTiam Knight, Afiiflant----too 00 00 Three Clerks-----140 00 00 One to get Bills of Exchange accepted- 50 co 00 Another.Clerk for Bills of Exchange-- 50 00 00 The Gravefend Smack, and 5 Men, &c. -246 00 00 Hfew-England. One Collc(flor; and Sur-T vcyor, and Searcher of His Majefties Du- ^loo 00 oa ties in the feveral Colonies of Neat.Engl, Sir Edm. Turner, Surveyor-Genera!—--- 366 13 04 Sandwich, Richard Breton, and Tho, Wheel ,„ g, go Efquires, Cuftomers. r ' Ong-Comptroler —- t£—-- 15 06 08 X)ne Searcher - - ■■ -- to 00 00 pndiejlir. Two CHllomers — » I' n . - 61 00 00 (If E N G L A N D: One Comptrolcr, ac 13/. Cher, at 10 1. OncSear*^ Smihitmpon, i Cuftomer inward 1 Cuftomer outward- - -- I Compiroler, 45 /• Searcher 10 /. — Pal. I Cuftomer — -;—. . iComptroIer, 101. Searcher 8 /■- " Exm, I Cuftomer -- * I Comptrolcr, 10 1. 6 s. % d. Searcher, lo /. BmilMe, 1 Cuftomer--- -- plfmwih, 1 Cuftomer - ^ Lmes, i Comptrolcr, 10/. 161. oear- ^ chcr, 30/. J OhKtSier, 1 Cuftomer ----- I Searcher 8 /. 13 r. 4 rf. — -*—• Briflol, I Cuftomer outward —-- 1 Cuftomer inward-- ■- ' I Comptrolcr — --- — -- I Searcher ----- Bndiimttr, i Cuftomer.-- I Comptroler, ^1.6 s.Zd. Searcher — Mlfird-H-tven, 1 Cuftomer-^- 1 Comptroler , 10 /. Searcher 10 /— — Ksrdiff, 1 Cuftomer — — — I Comptroler 10 /. Searcher 10 /— .—• Ipfmch, 1 Cuftomer— _ — — I Comptrolcr 15 /.Searcher 8 U -- Zmmuth , i Cuftomer —-- - 1 Comptrolcr, 10 /. Searcher, 8 /..- L}m Regis, 1 Cuftomer-^-^- I Comptroler,! 5/. 4r. 4rf. i Searcher 12/. Cnrlile, 1 Cuftomer --—- I Comptroler,10 /. another ao /. - Boftm, 1 Cuftomers .- —- I Comptroler,12 1.^ s. 2 d. i Searcher,; fM, Sit Matthesv Afpkyitrd , Cuftomer — The one Comptroller-—-- • The other Comptroler, id/. 13 r. 4 d. 7 Searcher, 12/. j F f 2 6li 1 . s. d. 23 10 OQ d2 13 04 d2 13 04 55 00 00 48 00 00 18 00 CO 83 06 08 30 od 08 50 00 00 33 13 04 06 13 04 08 13 04 05 06 08 15 05 00 38 00 00 18 00 00 62 07 10 27 04 04 63 13 04 /-14 09 02 , 39 00 00 628 %\)t gjcfcut ^tatc aa, Efq; H» ry Slingtby, Efq; Dr. Timothy Clark., Sir George Ent,mili- am Ball, Efq; Abraham hill, Efq; Dr. William Croon,ioi divers other Eminent Perfons; till that svonderful Pa- cifick Year, 1660. Then the Defign being Favoured by fome Ingenious Worthy Perfons, who, to their |m- inortal Honour, had followed the King in His Exile; at length His Majefiy took Notice thereof, and was gracioufly pleafed fofar to Favour and Encourage it, as to Grant a Large Charter , bearing date the zadot Jlpril, i66-i. whereby they were made a Corporation, to Confifi of a Prefident, of a Council,and of Fellosvs, for Promoting the Knowledge of NamalTmngs,ma Vr ful Arty, by Experiments: Wherein His Majefiy Declares Himfelf to be Founder and Patron, Soveraign and Com- panioJ ^ of ENGLAND. 535 nanion of this Society. Granting them Power to Por- cbafc Lands and Houfes, to have a Common-Seal, a Coat of Arms, Two Secretaries, Two or more Cura- (ors of Experiments, One or more Clerks, and Two Serjeants at Mace : To make Laws, Statutes, Orders, and Conftitutions amongft themfclves: To have one or more Printers and Gravers; with a Power to Print wliat they lhall fee good ; to take and Anatomize Dead Bodies of Perfons, who have been put to Death by Order of Law; to Ereft Colleges, iyc. ©fficc c£ tijc ] The Office of the Pre- iident this Year, Sir Aoierr Smihwell, is to Call and PilTolvc tlie Meetings, to Propofe the Matter whereon to Cenfider ; to put C^ueflions, to Call for Experiments, to Admin the Members that from time to time lhall be Eleflcd, i;c. (Ctcafutctr. ] Treafurer ( this Year Mr. Ahrditm Hill. ) Receives and Disburfes all Moneys, Scctctaticd. ] The Secretaries Robert Plait, LL. D. and Richard ii'tillcr,Efq-, Read all Letters and Informa¬ tions ; Reply to all AddrelTes and Letters from Foreign Parts, or from others; take Notice of the Orders, and rP® Material Paffages at the Meetings; Regiller all Expe¬ riments, all Certain Informations, all Conclnfions, Publilh whatfoever is Ordered and Allowed by the So¬ ciety. Cutatojs. 3 . The Curators, or Experimentors, are to Receive the Direftions of the Society, and, at ano¬ ther Meeting, bring all to the Ted; and the Society Judges thereof ; whereby the World may have the Concurring Tefiimony of many Perfons of Undoubted Credit, for the Truth of whatever they lhall Publilh. iSilc fi^anitcr of (ElctHiig Their Man¬ ner of Elcdfing Fellows, is according to the Venetian , by ^allotting. At One Alfembly the Candidate is Propofed by fgme that know him well, the Next he may ,636 ItMcffllt ^MC ^ may be put to tbe Scrutiny, for whicli the Candidate mull have the Major Number of 21 Suffrages at the lead ; and then at diat, or tlie next Affembly, he may be Introduced, and Solemnly Admitted by the Ptefi. dent. At his Admiffion he Sabferibes this Promife fol. lotvitig, Ti).it k mil m’e.ivnr to Frowote the Good of toe RoyarSociety of London, for the Jmptovttmnt of Naiml Knowledge. After this, he may at any time Kree him- fclf from this Obligation , or.ly by fignifting under hit Hand to the Prelidenc, That he delircs to withdraw from the Society. $?cavlp Cljargtcfl mit) SHmiittancc. ] when any one is Admitted, he Pays to the Treafarcr oncly 40;. and then 13 r. a Quarter fo long as he continues a Member of the Society. Their Meeting was, before the Dreadful Fire,at Cre/ 7 Mm-Collcge in London, every Wednefday a: Three of the Clock in the Afternoon ; and ilnee was, by tilt Favour of the Lord Henry Howard, late D. of Noifllnifi E. Marfhal of England, at Arundel Houfe, the fame day and' hour-, hut is now again at Gre/lwra-College, cw ry Wednefday about the fame hour. ( 5 {):ir Seffgn. ] The Defign of the Ropnl Socisit is, in brief, to make Faithful Records of all the Wor« of Nature, or of Arc, which can come within their Reach ; So that the Prefenc Age and Pollcriry may be able to put a Mark on the Errors which, have been ftrengthened by long Prcfcription.to RcAorc the Truths that have been neglefted , to pulh on th.ofe which ate already known to more various ufes, to make the way more paffablc to what Remains llnrcvcalcd, caecMp Sheetings. ] The Bufinefs of their Week¬ ly Meetings, is to Order, to take Acc iuuc, Conlidcr, and Difeourfe of Philofoohica! Experiments and Obfer- vations; to Read , Hear , and Difeourfe upon Letters from all Parcs, Reports, and other Papers containing PhilofophicalMatters; to View and Dilcourfe upon the of ENGLAND.' 537 p'roduftions and Rarecics of Nature and Art,,to Gonfi- der what to Deduce from them, liow they maybe Im- proved for the Benefit ot Mankind, which is their Main Aim. In their Difcourfing they lay afide all Set-Specches, jnd Eloquent Harangues; and every one endeavours to Exprels his Opinion , or Dcfirc, in th.e Plaineft, and moft Concifc Manner. £Dbirdicn ngatuft this ^ocictp nufttcrct). ] But the Grcatelt Qpellion amongd fome Men at prcfcnt, is, Wlut h.uh this Ryd Sockty done all this while ? svhicli, for the Saiisfaffion of tliofe Men, (lull here Re¬ ceive fuel] an Aufwcr, as the Intended Brevity of this Book will allow. (Efpcrimciits matic bp tljc Societp. ] The Roy¬ al Society then, fince their firll Inflitution, have made a vaft number of Experiments in almofl all the Works of Nature ; they have made particular Inquiries into very many things, of the Henvens, as well as of the E.irlh ; Ediffes, Cvnets, Mctem, Mines, Plants., Animals, Esillniual^es, fiery Eruptl-ns, hntndatms ■, r.f Lal^s, Moitn- uini, D.tmps , Subicrran.eons Fires ; of Tides, Cmcnts, and Jkpths of the Sc,i ; and many Hundred other things; they have Com pofed many Excellent Short Hidoriesof Uaare, of Arts, syi.iniif.diures, &c. whtrtof fome are Extream Curious; In a word, the Difcoverics and Inventions made, fliould we fay. but by fome few Per- fons of this Society, if well confidered, fcem to furpafs tlic Works of many foregoing Ages. Stbantnges nub ? 2 »:o 5 t bp it. ] But what Ad- vatiiagc and Benefit appears, after fo many Meetings ? It is true, they have made many Experiments of Lights, (as the Excellent Lord Harm calls them and perhaps not fo many Experiments of fruit, or Profit i yet,with¬ out doubt, fome may hereafter find out no fmall ufe- and benefit, even in thofe I.ucifcrous Experiments, which now feem oncly Curious and Delightful ; but it is 638 t:fje f jefcnt &tafc 4lfo as true j that the Koyal Society hath made a grai number of Experiments, and Inventions, very profita. ble and advantageous to Mankind. They have mighti. ly Improved the Naval, Civil, and Military ArchittSmt', Tlicy have Advanced the Art, Conduft, and Security of Navigation ; they have not onely put this Kingdoij upon Planting Woids, Groves, Orchards, Vineyards, Ever¬ greens ; but alfo Ireland, Scotland, Nerr-England, Viriinio, Jamaica, Barbadocs ■, all our Plantations begin to feel the Influences of this Society; they have Awakened.the whole Civilized, Lettered, and Intelligent World. So that in all Countries they begin to be much more lu¬ cent upon Experimental Knowledge, and Praftical Stu¬ dies ; upon New Inventions, and Difeoveries, which the Authors of them always Recommended to this So¬ ciety, to be Examined, Approved, or Correfted. So that if any of the prefent fing/ry/i-Nation be fo blind, as not to fee the Ufefulncfs of this Society ; Pofterity will, to their fliame, Acknowledge it with Gratitude, as Foreigners already do from all Parts. To Conclude, They have Regiftered Experiments; Hiftories, Relations, Obfervations, rfye. Reduced them into one Common-Stock, and laid feme part of them up in Publick Regifters, to be nakedly tranfmitted to the next Generation of Men, and fo to all Poflerity; Hereby laying a Solid Ground-work for a vaft Pile ol. Experiments, to be continually Augmented through all future Ages; a thing, if begun, in time of the Learned Greeh, or B^mans ; Nay, if it had been begun but in the very laft Refurreftion of Learning in this laft Age, What Wonders would it, in all probability, by this tune have produced ? What depth of Nature would now have been Urrfathomed What faculty of the Soul would be now in the Dark ? What part of Humane In¬ firmities would not have been provided againft I ®Iycir JLibtarp. 1 Moreover the Royal Society, for the Advancement ot this Noble Defign , hath begun a library, to Confift onely of fuch Authors as may be fet- viceable to that Defign; toward which, the late un ® Marflul of ENGLAND.' 639 Mirfiwl of Ergland hath been picafcd to bellow on the Stciet^t the whole Narfolcm-Uhnty 5 with a free per- railiiofl of Changing fuch Books as are not proper for their Work; whereby, in a fliort time, they will be able to Ihew a Compleat Collcftion of all that hath btcn Publilh’d in Ancient and Modern Languages, which either regard the Produftion of Name , or the Effefts of all Mamal Arts. iSIjcit JRepofltojp. ] At GreOsam CMege is the free and bountiful Gift of Daniel Colwal, Efq; lately defcti- bed by Dr.Greiv, wherein are to be feen many Thou- iands of Great Rareties, fetcht’ffome of them^ from the farthell Corners of the Habitable World , as Bealls, Birds, Fillies, Serpents, Flies, Shells, Feathers, Seeds, Minerals, Earths; Some things Petrelicd, others Olfili- ed; Mummies, Gums, ifyc. Divers of which have been fincc added by other Worthy Members of that Society , and by other Ingenious Perfons.- and, in a Ihort time is like to be ( if not already ) one of the Largell, and moll Curious Colleftions of the Works of Nature in the World. djtir Coat of 3 !tms .3 The Coat of Arms grant¬ ed by His Majelly to the Aa/al Society, is a Scutcheon with Tlitee Lyons of England in Chief: Intimating, That the Satiety is Royal; The Creft is an Eagle , and the Suppvters Banting-Hounds , Emblems of the Quickefl Sight and Smelling, to intimate the Sagacity Employ¬ ed in Penetrating and Searching after the Works of A'aiare, A UST 640 SlIjc p?cfc'ttt §»tat0 A Lift of the Royal Society^ The Council -for the Year, i6^j. S I R Rjien SoullmiU Knight,taicaociu. John Bembdi, Erq; Sir Godfrey Cofley Knight and Baronet. Sir Mhony Dean, Knight. John Exelyn Efq-, John Plamfted Allr. Reg. Tho. Gale. D. D. Hehemiah Grew. M. D. John litrtvood LL. D. Tho. Henjhatv. Efq; John Hebert Efq; /15r,<;j,ff///.Efq;CfCafUtcr, Rob. Hook: h'- D- Sir John Hoskjns , Knight and Baronet. Rob Pitt. M. D. Alexander Vitfield Efq; Robert Plott LL. D. Sc- cvetarg. Hans Sloan. M. D. Ed>x.ird Tyfon. M. D. Rich. IValler, Efq; tary. Sir Chrijhpher Wren. Kniglit, Reft of the MEMBERS. W illiam A^lionby M.D. Sir GeoogeAfloe.D.D. Francis Aft on. Efq; John Aovbrey. Efq; (jeorge Earl of Berkley. Hichstas Bagnal. Efq; Ralph Bathnrjl D. D. Arthur Bnyly. Efq; Richard Beaumont. Efq; Edward Bernard. D. D. William Bridgman. Efq; Edward Broovn M. D. Sir Richard Bulkley Knight and Barronet. John, Lord Arclibifhop of Canterbury, Henry, Earl of Clarendon. Edrt>.trd, Lord Bidlop of Cort and Rojfe. Hugh Chamhcrlen. M. D, Walter Chetwynd. Efq; Mr. Dethleuus Cluveras. D.iniel Cox. M. D. John Creed. Efq; Tam of E N G L A N D. 541 Tliiwn! Oijf, Efq; TmmnsD.t)/, Efq; Sir Irtffwn Gidolpbin, Kr. Sir Robr,t Garden, Kc. Cb-irks Grcflinm, A. M. Sir Raivl.wd G’jym;, Kr. Cfjr^e MjrqueK of H.iUifax, Sk.irdEm;f, Efq; Jim H.dl, Eiq; Cl-pra'i Ihaers, M. D. Kiltim H-lder, D. D. Mr. 1dm Mi^hion. of Noijalk,, Efq; Ek.Hm-n< d of A’oi/o/^. Efq; ' Jjl.'n i'ljjj'ird Hao'.ird, Efq; I Chirks Efq; ; /l.'K.tnA’i'jEarl of Kincardiii. ' Sir Edmmd Kins, Kniglit, ■ kikrt, Earl of Lindfej Lord : grc.it Cham!). j:jhth Lirx, Efq; ./3k Lw, A. M. Mari'm Lijler, jM. D. 'Mr, Ermis Lodorvklj. jSir/jk tofArr Knight and i Earoner. IJ-h M.tplefifi, D. D. \R:iir Mcndeik, Efq; rSiii’.tmk Middleton, Efq; Mills, M. D._ l'/illi.im Malinetix, Efq; iliyjn.ts Milineiix, M. D. iMr. George Moll. V/iltiw Mufiraie, LL. D. \him) Duke of Norfolk Earl ■! Marfliall. Mr. Iftiic Kemm Math. ■; prof. l-uc. Thomas Earl of Pcmhrtsol^, Edre.'ird Paget, A. M, Ecnry Paman, M. D. William Pajne, A. M. Samuel Pepys, Efq; William Perry, A. M. W.tller Pope, M. D. Thomas Paxey, Efq; Tnomas Lord Bilhop of Rod chejler, dean of Wejlminjl, John Ray, A. M. Francis Roberts, E fq. Richard Robinfin, M. D. T.incred Robinfin, M. D. Sir Paul Rycaiit, Knight. .Mr. Jofeph Ralphjan, M. A.' Gilbert, Lord Blihop of Sa~ lisbury. Sir Jeremy Sambrool^, Kt. Frc.dericlt Slave, M. D. Thomas Smyth, D. D. William Stanley, D. D, The Lord Tarbac. Alexander Torriam, A. Af. Sir iheodorede F.iux, Kt. Charles Marquefs oiWorccJf, Thomas Lord Vifeountny- imiith. _ . J. Wallis, D.D. Geo.Pro.Sav, Sir P.uience W.trd, Kt. Sir Paul Whichcot Knighc and Baronet. Sir Jofeph Wiliiawjon, Kt. Charles Willoughby, AI. D. < William Wotten, A. Al; Sir Cyiil Wyche, Knight. . Sir Peter Wyche, Knight, Edmond Wylde, Efq; GS J Pc.rfo.fis 642 ^Ijc ^jefcnt ^tate Perfons of other Nations. D sprcnm . (Jhirla /Jfirfe/,Batchelior of the Lawi,Chancellor of the Dioccfs of WinchcSisr. Dr. foB'c//, Chancellor of the Dioccis of Sr, Afaph, Dr.Rich. Diir/onrXhanccllor of the Dioccfs of GhmccRer. Dr. fpmy Jones, Chancellor of the Dioccfs of Dr.RnvInnd AVc/ji)fr,Chanccll. of the Dioccfs of Crslijl,:. Dr, WiHi.vn JJa^hs, Chancellor of the Dioccfs of E.iih isd \i'dU. Dr. U’.iir.rrrisht,- Chancellor of the Diocefs of Cheller. Dr, Jones, Chancellor of the Dioce/s of H/fipl. Dr. Pennington, Chancellor of the Diocefs of Bitr.gor. Biivnrd Spencer, M. A, Chancellor of the Diocefs of Smm. D.'-.F.i;Vp.i;,Sccrctiiy to the .Atch-Biflnp of C.tnterinry. Other Dodtors Esfcrcent, S ir Willi,cm Tnunhal, Kt. Dr, Jofeph Ttphr. Dr. Cbirlcs Dauen.int. : Dr. Fijljer fjitleim. I Or. John St. John. ; Or. George Brnwpftcn, I Dr. Stephen IV,tiler. i Dr. Mitthetv Tin.lJ. Olr.JohnCcnanr. Dr. Thom,ft Lane. Dr. T.ielj.ir .1 P.iget. Dr. Bry,tn li'ilton. Dr. John H.irrrood. Dr. John Rtdftm. Dr. Clement. Dr. [ViUivn King. Of P ROC TOR .9. T Hc Proliors, or Prociirnio's bclonpiiii; to the Courts aforementioned, are I’erfons that Kxhioi: their ftoxics for their Clients, and nuke thenilclvcs lV.rtic5 fcr their. Clients, Produce the Witnelfes, P.cp.ire the Ctufes for Sentence,-arid attend the Advocates witli the Pfoceedings. G'g 3 4 SClie f jefent @)ta(c 'A LIST of ihe PROCTORS Names, ivb alfo are Exercent in the faid Courts. Prodors in the Arches Court of CANTERBVRT. S Amuel Franklin, Efq; His Majerties Proftor-Ge- iieral. Mr. Ralph Stuckjey. Evsrard Extin, Efq; PAt. William Colt. Mr. John Hill. Mr. Richard Uemourt. Mr. Thomas Smith, Mr. Francis Nixon. ■ Mr. Robert Chapman. Mr. Tltomas, Tillot. Mr. Samuel Swallow. Mr. Peter Barret. Mr. Godfrey Lee. Mr. Thomas Rock- Samuel Wifeman, Efq; Mr. John Hunger ford. Mr. John Miller. Mr. Thomas Sheppard. Mr. Kcate Walker. Mr. Edward Shaw. ilr. John Lovell. Mr./. Curry, Ma Mr. John Roberts. Mr. Robert Bargrave, Mr. John Tomlinfon. Mr. George Sawyer, . Mr. Robert Conftable, Mr. Robert Fkrfon. Mr. John Pladewell, Mr. John Chace. Mr. Jofeph Patten. Mr. Edward Coaf;,. Mr. Goldfmitb Mills, Mr. John Cottle. .Mr. Rich.ird Shatter, Mr. Thomas Cantrell, Mr. Simon Sandys. Mt. James Bridget. Mr. Jeffery Glaficr, Mr. iVnUam Jones. Mr. William H.ijlejo:t. Mr. Thomas Rous. Mr. Thtm.ts Newman, Tiicfc aie alfo admitted by the Fiat of the Ai® bifhop. Introduced by the i Senior Proftors, and allowed to Praftiee Immediately after their Admimopi they wear Black Robes and Hoods, Lined with.WnW Furrs, taking the Oaths of Allegiance and Suprctnicy. REOh Cf E N G L A N D. •^47 registers. 0«ihtm, Gent. Regifter to tlic High-Court of i Delegates, Uimern /WOTiinv«,Gent.Rcgifleroftlie Arches Court of Cmierbury. Swm Smds, Gent. Deputy Rcgirtcr. Jjlm Bryaii, Gcnr. Aftuary of tlic fame. tm^sTilht, Gent. Deputy Actuary. OtLnh Gee, Efq; Regiftcr of the High-Court of Ad¬ miralty. fmmns Bedford, Gent. Deputy Rcgiflcr. JihnCheeli, Gent. Marnial-Gencral. Tk Prerogative Office, or Regifiry for the Prerogative f Fills in the Archhijh- prick of CANTERBURY. E ’/eritrd Exton, Batchellor of Laws, Rcgiflcr cf tj>e Prerogative Court of Cmterbnry. .Mr. tmmiK Wellham, Deputy Rcgifier. clerks in the faid Office. M r. Charles Pinfold. Mr. John Cottle, Its. John Holmtin. Mr. .i.. . Oetf. Mr.i. Smith. Mr. Rtipert Broseit. 648 K\)t ptate Officers lelonghig to the COURT- MARSHA L. ws I 0/ij';/,Do5cor cf LawSj Their Majcnics Ad- Kohirt Plott, Doflor of Laws, Rcgihcr of the Court. Frar.cU Ncff't , Efq; Secretary, and Seal-keeper. Mr. Jihn Chest, Deputy-Rcgiller. PROCtORS. S Amuel Fraiil;ljn,Efqi Eat- chellor of Laws. Mr. Ralph Smri^ej. Mr. Exerard £x(3;i,Eatcli- chellor of Laws, Mr. John Hill. Mr. Francis Nixon. Mr. Robert Chapnun. Mr. Samuel Wifsmuii. Mr. Keats Waller. Mr. John Curry , Marflial of the Court. 77 .>(? High-Court of ADMIRALTY f/ ENGLAND. F Or the Decifion of Maritime Controvcrfics, Tryalos Malcfadfors, and the like, there is a Kigh-Courtoi Admiralty here kept. The prefent Judge whereof is Sir Charles Hedges, Kt. IL. D. Whofe Title is, Supreme Curidt Admiralitalis Aiilis to- cum lenensjudrx, She I’rsfidens ; The Writs and Dt- crees' run in the Name of the Lord High Admiral, or lords CommilTioners Executing that Office; and aredi- refted to all Fice-Admirals, Juftices of Peace, Mayors, Sfe- iijfs, Baililfs, Onjtables, Alarfhals, and Oihersy(ifficers,iini '' ■ ■ '■ ’ Minikl of E N G L A N D. (J49 MiniHers bnry , Ur. Geargej Oxenden Uoftor of Laws afoic- tnentioned. The Archbiniop olTirk 'nth the like Power jn hn •Province, and his Vicar-general is Dr. He hath alfoa Prerogative Court. Kate, That cither of the Archbidiops, and every Bi- niops Archdeacon, and Dean and Chapter throughout both Provinces of Canterbmy and 2'iir4. hath a particu¬ lar Ecclefiaftical jurifdiaion , and an Ecclelial icil Court thereto belonging, whereof there is a Judge,which for the moft part, is one of the Dodots of the Civil-Lauj alfo a Regifter and Proftors Excrccnt in the lame .• and that before the Vicar-gcncral, and Chancellers of the BiHiops, are Triable all Ecclefiaftical Caufes wiehin thelt Ficipe^iivc Dioceffes, cxccp: Lcttcri of Rtqueli be gr.m- ed !.v tlic Dioceflan Bifhop, or Ordinary ot the place, to the Party to liic in the Court of Arch::, which isordl- .pb, That tiic Vicar generals and Chancellors,arc c.i by the Refpcaivc Archbiftiops and Biniops.h)' I’arcr.ts under their Seal, and Conlirmed by the :d Cliaptcr of tlic Rerpeftive Caihcdrais. In like manner, couciiiiig U'ch adaii Km , That every Vice-Admiral hath ping Courts within his Jurifdiftioni rs as belong to the fame. of ENGLAND. 651 iCite, That the Civil-Law Term; begin and end not iTiuch different from the Terms at Welimkjler ; and in every Term there are feveral Court-da; s in every of thefe Courts, which for the moft part arc fixt and known by preceding Holy-days, or Saints days, and the rcii are appointed ad atbhrium Jiidids. The ARCHES Court of Canterbury. T He Chief Court of the Arcbbifliop is that of the Ar¬ ches, whereof fee more, Fag. 1.^7. The Judge of this Court (filed Dean of the Arches. He fitteth alone, without any Affellors, and heareth and determincth all Caufes, without any Jury of la Men, as is nece:lary in Common Law-Courts. To this Court belonged! an Atlssary, a Regifler, and a Beadle. - , The Office of the Atliiary is to attend the Court, fee down the Judges Decrees,Regifur the Aftsof the Court, and fend them in Books to the Regiflry ; this Office is enjoyed by John Bryan, Gent, whole Deputy is Mr. Tho¬ mas Tyllot. The Regijler of the Court is Lodoviens AUndmell ; and Deputy Kcgiffcr .Mr. Shmn Sands, whofc Office is by himfclf, or Dcf u:y, to attend the Court, Receive ail Li¬ bels, nr Bills, Allegations, and Exhibits of W imcfie!; File all .Sentences, and keep the Records of the Court. The Beadle attends the Court, carried! a Mace befoic the judge, and Callsthe Perfons Cited to appear. Thofc that arc allowed to he Advocates, and Plead in this Court, are all to be Doflors of the Civil Law, in one of the Univerfities of England ; who, upon their Petiti¬ on to the Arch-bifhop of Cunleriuiry, and his Fiat ob¬ tained , arc admitted by the Judge of this Court, upon! Condition not to i'raftite for one whole Year after luclf Admittance. The 6fz SChe ^jefcnt State The manner of their Admittance is thus ; ThcTivo Senior Advocates, in their ,Scarlet Robes, with t‘c Mace before them, Conduft him up to the Court, with three low Reverences, and Prelbnt him uitli a fliort La¬ tin Spcecli, and the Referiptoi the Archbiniop; then die Oaths of Allef>iatice,Suprcmacv,ai:d feme otlicr pre- feribed in the Statute of the Arches, being taken, he is admitted by the Judges, and a Place and Scat in the Court affigned unto him, either ,i Dextns, or Smjhis , which he is always to keep when he Pleads. The Judge and all the Advccatcs in this Court always wear their Scarlet Robes, with Knods Lined with Tatfa- ty, if they he of Oxftrd, or White Minever Rurr, if cf CsmhrUlc , and all Round Black Velvet Caps -, and the Proffors wear, or ought to wear, Hoods Lined with Lamb-skin, if not Graduats, but if Graduats, Hoods proper to tlie Degree- According to the Statutes of this Court , all Argu¬ ments made by Advocates, and all Pctiiions made by the Proftors, arc to be in the Latin Tongue. All Procefs of this Court, runs in ilie N.mic of the judge, thus, Gc'rgws OxeitJcn, LL. Dr. Aim.c Curi.c CM, de A'Xttbss Lon.i. Ojjicialis yrine'ip.iUs, and Rctornablc be¬ fore hiin, heretofore \a Bm-Chtirch. now in the Common Hall at Dobhrs Commws. The Places and Offices belonging to this Court, are all in ti:e Gift of the Archbidiop of CTOreri/oy, whofe Court it is. Here .Mote, th.at the next Morning after the Sitting of th's Court, the fiirigeof tlie Court of Audience, did u- fualiy Sit ; hut lince tiie 0!keii,in Rebellion, that Court hath been difeontinued. P R E R O G .4 T I V E Court of Canterbury. another Court belonging to the Archbifhop rerbi'.ry, called the Prerogative Court. See The of England. 6 jt 7lie Ju^ge of this Court is the forenamcd Sir Rkhurd TJmcs, Kt. LL. D. and liis Title here is, Curia Prara- ^.uiva C.int. Mi’ijkr, Cujios, Sive Commijfarim. All Citations and Decrees run in the Name of the Atchbilhop. This Court is kept in the fame Common-Hall in the Afternoon, next day after tlie Arches, and was hereto¬ fore held in the Confiflory of Sr. The judec is attended by the Regiftcr, Eiaard Ex- m, Efq-, LL- B. whofe Deputy is Mr. Tkmiii Welhxm, who fets down the Decrees and Arts of the Court, and keeps the Records, all Original Wills and Tcflaments (if Parties Dying , having Boiui .Vofitii/w, &e. The place is commonly called rhe Prerogative Office, now kept in the Dean’s-Canrr near St. Paw’s Church-yard ; where, for a Moderate Fee, one may fearch for, and have a Copy of anv Inch Teliament, madefince the Rebellion of Wnt Tjh and /.irh Straw, by whom many Records and Wri¬ tings in lovcral places of Lottdvt were then burnt and dcitroyed Under the Regifli r are Six Clerks, feverally app lintcd for fuch and fuch Refpeftive Counties. The Places belonging to this Court, arc in the Gifts o£ tlie Archbifhop of Canlt’rlutrjt. Clerks of this Office. M r. charier VinfM. I .Mr. Deiv. Mr. Jehn Cottle. .Mr. Smith. hlr, John Holman. 1 .Mr. Rupert Brom, ims 654 iDjcfent IN N S of Court. T He Colleges of Mnnuifal , or Commm Law Profcfits and Students, are 14, called flill Inai, the old.En- glifh word for Houfes of Noblemen, or Bifhops, or Men of Extradinary Note, and which is of the fame figni- fication with the French word Hofiel at Parii. There are Two lims of Sergeants. Four Inns ot Court. Eight Inns of Chancer/. 5 linB of Court. ] The Inns of Court were fo na¬ med, as fame think, bccau'e the Students therein arc to ferve the Courts of Judicature; or clfe, becaufe an¬ ciently thefe Colleges Received oiicly the Sons of A')- blemen, and better forts of Gentlemen, as Farre/iiieaffirm- eth. Of thefe there are Four. Firft, (Ely. iCteo Ccmplcs.J Heretofore the Dwelling of the Knigbts-Tetnplars.and purchafed by fome ProfelTors of the Common-Law above 300 years agcj-hey are called the Utter , and MMc-TempIe, in relation to Effex-bufe, which was part of the Knights-Templars, and called the Outer Temple, bccaufe it is feated without Temple- Barr. JlintOlnO^jiiH*! ©japS-Jilmt.] The Two other Inns of Court, are Lincoln s-hm, belonging anciently to the Earls of Lmcoln', and Ora/s-Inn, formerly belonging to the Noble Family of the Grays. In the Reign of /kit. the 6 th, they fo fiouridied, that there were in each of thefe about zoo Students, and a Student of ENGLAND; ^55= Student then expended yearly about ao /. which was as much as 2co/. now, for they had ufually(a 5 the French Nobles have now in their Academies) every one an old difereet Servant, and divers Mailers for to Inilruft them in all laudable qualities ; and therefore faitli the fame Firtefcue, Ultra Suidhm Legm fiint qim- fi Gymnafi-t Omn'mm iisorm ; and the Students were only, iaith he, Nthiliiim ftlii , tfat is, Gentlemen at Icaft for fothe word Nobilii was then taken here, and is flill in France ; and therefore by command of Ring James the Fitll, none were to be admitted into ihcfe Collcgcs,but Gentlemen by Dcfcent. Our Anceftors thought thofe of Inlcriour Rank would rather debafe the Hononr of the Law, and would be pmne to Chicane, or Play- tricks, and not like to be fo fit for Trulls and Honours ; whereas the confideration of Birth and Fortune, makes Men more careful of their Honour and Reputation. And our famous King Rich, the Firft, is by a grave Author much commended for his care and love of the Englilb' Nation, and of Jufiice; for that many of His Juftices were of the Honourable Peers of the Realm, and not of Men bred up, and formerly Inured to make Juilice and- their own Tongues vendible for Fees. If the Command of King James the Firil had been carefully obferved, and one more added,That none but Gentlemen fnould ealily and ordinarily be admitted to Ecdcfiaflical Dignities, there would be in England fufficient Frovifions for the younger Sons of Noblemen and Gentlemen j whereof now very many are the objefts ' of pity, either for Suffering, or doing- much evil, for want of fit Employments; and there would be, doubt- Icfs, Id's Corruption in our Eccicfitilical and Ci¬ vil Government ; the Serious Confideration whereof, would be a Work worthy of our Parliament. Thcfe Societies are no Corporations, nor have any Judicial Power over their Members, but have certain Orders among themfelves, which have, by confent, the force of Laws; for Lighter Offences they are only Excommoned , or put out of Commons, not to eat with the red ; and for greater Offences they loft their eiiainbc-rs, and arc Expelled the College, and being Slje ^?ffenc State once Ei'pcllca, they arc never Received by any of the 3 other Societies; whicli Deprivation of Honour to youiiR generous fpirics, is more grievous, than perhaps Deprivation of Life. Thefeaifo, wlien tliey meet at Chappel, or Hall,or at Courts of luilice, wear a grave Black Rohe and Cap, at other times walk with Cloak and Sword. There arc no Lands or Revenues hcioilfing to thefe Societies, which being no Corporarions, are not ena¬ bled topurchafe, or have tlreyany thing for the defray¬ ing the Charges of the Houfc, but what is paid at Ad¬ mittances, and Q^nit Rents for their Chambers. The whole Company of Gentlemen in each Society , may be divided into hour parts, Enchns, uncr-bmi'i'rirj, ]ni:er-B.in ifliys,wd Sf.tctenls. fficncl’SVS. ] Bern ben arc the Seniors, to whom is coinrr.icced the Government, and Ordering of the whole Houfc; and out of thefe is chofen yearly a Trca- furer, who Rcceivcch, Disburfeth, and Accounccth for all Moneys belonging to the Houfe. (ilttct."'15atri{rci'C. ] Utter Barriflcrs are fuch , as from their Learning and S.anding arc called by the Benchers to Plead and A gue in the Society Doubtful Cafes and Qucllions, which arc called Afotr ([from , tlie old Saxvi word for the /ff:mblc, or elfe from the French, Aht, a Word ) and wiiilif they argue the faid Cafes,'they lit uctermoli, on the norms of the Benchers, whiLli they call the B-ir. IScahciP of tl)C Jniio cf (Cljancctp. ] Out of thefe Mm-Akn arc cho'en Readers fc-r the huis of Ch.iiscer)', belonging to die Inns of Conn, whereof th.ey arc Mem¬ bers ; where, in Term-time, and Grand Vacations, they Argue Cafes in the Prefcncc of Attorneys and Clerks. Jmicr liSamftets. ] All the relt arc accounted .Inner BairiSen, who, for want of Learning, or fime, are not to Argue in thefe Moon ; and yet in a Afoot be¬ fore die Benchers, two of thefe Inner-iiarrnlers, fitting on die fame Form with the Vttcr-B.nriiiers, do, for tlicir Excrcifcs, Recite by Heart, the Pleading of the faid Moit Ciife,\a Iavi, French', which Pleading is the Deda- r/nion at Large, of the fiid Afoos-Citfe ; tlic one ta- of E N G L A N D. ^57 y.'mo tlie part of the Plaintiff, and the ctlicr of the Defendant. The Year alfi amon^fl them is divided into Tlirce fart; i the Le. rinrg Vnc.it'm , the Term-tin e:,ind the Dc'a.C, or M:.m Tncatim. C-fCrciitO. 3 They have two I.carning-Vacations , vi2. Leiit-Vncaiim , whicli begins the firii Knn.-iay in Leirandcontinueth Three Weeks and Three Days; and Swma'r-T.tc.ition, which begins Mor.day after Lmmus-d.ij, and cominuctli alfo 3 weeks and 3 da;s i In thefe Vaca¬ tions arc the greateft Conferences and Exercifes of Stu¬ dy , in manner following, The Benders appoint the Eldcfl Vtier-BmUler ro Read among them openly in the Hall, whereof he hath notice half a year before ; he then, the firii day, about 8 of the Clock, makes ch.nce of fome Aft or Statute, whereupon he grounds his whole Reading for that Vaca¬ tion, and Declares fuch Mifehiefs and Inconveniences as were unprovided before the fame Aft, and are provi¬ ded hy the faid Aft; and then rccitcth certain doubts and quefftons, which he luth devifed, that may grow upon the faid Statute,and tlcclareth his Judgment there¬ in; After which, one of the you tget Utter-B.vrijiers Rc- peateth one Queftion propounded by the Reader, and doth by way of Argument labour, to prove the Reader’s Opinion to be againfi Law ; and after him the Senior Vticr-Bmtjbrs and Readers, one after another, accor¬ ding to Seniority, do declare their Opinions, and judg¬ ments in the fame ; and then the Reader who did pne the Cafc,cndeavoureth to Confute Objeftions laid againll him, and to confirm his own Opinion j after which the Judges and Sergeants, if any be prefent, declare their Opinions; Then the youngcfl Vtter-B.trrijier again Rc- hearfeth another Cafe, winch is prefecuttd as the former was, and this Excrcifc coritinueth daily three or four Hours. Out of thofc who have Read once in ihe Summer Va¬ cation, and are Renchets, is cho.cn always one to Read H h in tate officers of State, arc Feafted and Entertained by him , with Interludes, &c. Their IRcUclS. ] From All Saints-day to C.arJImni, each Houfc hath ufually Revels on Holy-days, that is, Mufick and Dancing ■, and for this is Cholcn Ionic youtg Student to be Mailer of the Revels. Kite, That the Manner of their Parliament is bricl- Their Warlinmcut. ] Evcry_ Quarter Commonly tk B-n hers ca..fcone of the Standing Officers of the Houf; to Summon a Parliament, which is only an Affcmd? and Conference of Benchers, and Vltcr-Bamliers wlv.c are called the Sage-Company, and meet in a plarc cal¬ led the Parliament-Chamber, and there treat ot lutli matters as Ihall feem cKpedient for the good ordetm? ol the Houfe, and th.e Reformation of Rich things a they Ihall Judge meet to be Reformed-, here areth Reader-^ for Lent and Summer Vacation , alio the Itci- furcr is here cliofen, and the Auditors appointed to tal:t thcAcconipts of the Old Treafurcr, eJrc- Here offenen committed by any of the Society, arc punmicd, &c. Thefe Inn; of Court arc moft wifely Situated by oil Anceftors, between the King’s Courts of Judicature, and the moll opulent City ot Limhn. In the Four fnns of Court arc reckoned about Eigl: hundred Students. INNS of C HA NC ERT. T He Inns of Chmeery were proh bly fo named , W eaufe there dwelt luch Clerks as did chiefly Siui; the Forming of Writs, which Regularly appertairjcn " the Curfitors, that arc Officers of Chancery. Tlic hr. of ENGLAND. 66i tlicfc is called Thavii Inn, begun in the Reign of Edw-^. and iince purcliafcd hy Lhmlns Inn, Newinn, Ctmems /(id, diffvd's Inn, anciently tiic Houfe of the Lord Ciiffird i Stable Inn, belonging to the Merchants of the Stapici and limn Inn, anciently a common Inn , with the Sign of the Lion, Fiirnivni’s Inn, and Bern.ird’s Inn. Thcfe were heretofore preparatory Colleges for youn- ! er Students, and many were entered here, before they ! nc.'c .'.Jniittcd into the Inns of Court. I Now they arc for tlie mofr part taken up by the Anor- nir!,Si!licirors, andC/w^r, who have here their Cham- ; licrs apart, and their Diet at a very cafie rate, in a Hall ; together, where they are obliged to appear in grave long Robes, and black round Knit Caps. Thcfe Colleges belong ; til tofomc Inns of Court, who fend yearly fome of their 1 Barrillcrs to Read to thcfe. In each of thcfe Inns of ; Chancery, one with anotlier, may be about Sixty Per- : fons. i (^OOtillflS in the IN NS of CHAN- [ CERT. I TN the Learning Vacation, each Utter-Barriller, wlio is 1 a Reader in O'C Inns oi Chancery, goes with twoScu- ; dents of the fame Jnn of Court, to the Inn of Chancery, where he is appointed to Read, and there I meet him commonly twoofcach Inns of Court; who ; fitting as the Benchers do in the Inns of Court at their Xoits, they Hear and Argue his Cafe. In the Four Inns of Chancery that are Situated in Hitbirn, the Moots are Read , either by thofe of Grays- Inn, or Lmcolns-Inn, the others by thofe of the Two Xcmplcs. In Term-time, the only Exercifes of Learning, is ! Arguing and Debating Cifes after Dinner, and Mooting. after Supper, in the fame manner as in tlie Vacation Hh 3 The 662 Ehe f Jffcnt State The time between the Learning Vacations and Terms, is called the Mean Vacation ; during which time, every day after Dinner, Cafes are Argued, as at other times, and afeer Supper arebrouglic in, and Pleaded by tht Tmer-Bnrrifters, in the prefence of the ■D/ter-Barri. jiers, which fic there in the Room of the Bepeners, and Argued by them, as the Benchers do in Term-time, phtf Learning Vacation. Scrgrants^lim. ] Laftly, There are two more Colfeges called Sergeants-Inn, where the Common-Lav/. Student, when he is arrived to the higheft Degree, hath his Lodging and Diet; they are called Servmtet nd-U- g;m, Serjeants at Law, and are as Doflors in the Civil, law, onely thefe have heretofore been reputed more Noble and Honourable: ViBirii enim nppellaw tft Mq\- jier/r, Senkntis veto Miniflerii , and therefore Doftors of Law, are allowed to fit within the Bar in Chairs, and Covered, whilft Sergeants (land without the Bar, bare¬ headed, onely with Coifs, or Caps on. To arrive to this High Degree, tahe this Brief Ac- JDcstcffi hi! MjicI) tljcf rife. ] The young Stu- dent in the Common Law, being bred two or three Vears in the Univetfity, and there rhiejly vetfed in i«- tick and Rhemki, both expedient for a Lawyer, and gotten Lome infighc into the Civil-Law, and fome sKili in the FrencA-Tongue, as well as Latin, he is adraiired to be of one of the Four Inns of Com, where he isfirli called a Moot-man, and after about Seven years Study, is chofen an Vuer-Bmilitr ■, and having then fpent u years more, and performed the Exercifes before-menii- bfled, he is chofen a Bencher, and fome time after a Reader ; During the Reading, which heretofore was} weeks and 3 days, as afore-nientioncd, the Readp keeps a cenftant and fumptuous Feafting, Inviting the Chief Nobles, Judges, Bifhops, Great Officers of the Kingdom, and lomeiiraes the King hmifclf, tliat it colls them fbmciimcs Boo, or icoc I, Afterwards i;e wears a of E N G L A N D. 663 Long Robe different from other Barrifters, and is then in a Capacity to be made a Serge/iat at Law, when His Majefly (lull be pleafed to Call him, which is in this manner. ^trscautfi nt ?Lato. 3 when the number of Ser- gtants is fmall, the Lord Chief Juflice of the Comim- fleas, by the advice and confent of other the judges, makes choice of dor 8, more orlefs,cf ihe mod Grave and Learned of the Inns of Court, and prefents their Names to the Lord chancellor , or Lord Keeper, svho fends by the King’s Writ, to each of them, to appear on fuel) a day before the King, to receive the State and Degree of a Sergeant at Law ; at the appointed time , they being Habited in Robes of two Colours, Brown and Blue , come, Accompanied with the Students of the Inns of Court, and attended by a Train of Ser¬ vants and Retainers, in certain peculiar Cloth-Live¬ ries, to Ifejlminfler-ftall, therein publiclttakc a Solemn Oath , and are Cloaihed with Certain Robes and Coifs, tyitheut which they may be feen no more in Publick. After this, they Feafi the Greac Perfonsof the Nation, jn a very Magnificent and Prince¬ ly manner; give Gold rings to the Princes of the Blood, Arch-bifiiops, Clwncellof, Treafurer , to the value of 40 r. each Ring; to Earls an 4 Bifiiops, Rings of 10 s. to other Greac Ofiicers, to Barons, Great Pre¬ lates, ^c. Rings of lefs value. Befides a great number of Rings to private Friends. Out of thefe arc chofen all the Judges of the King’? Bench, and Common-pleas ; wherefore every Judge doth always wear the White Linen Coif, which he iud as a Principal Badge of a Sergeant, and whigh lie had ever the privilege to wear at aH times, even the King’s Prefence, and whilll he fpake to the King though anciently it was not pefipitted tpanySabje^ to be fo much as Capped in the Prefcnee of the jjiiig of England , as at prefenc is not allowed ja the Ptefcncc of the Fope, or of the Emperor. " EIje p?crcnt §»tate 654 3 C 'Jutigc mat:. 3 Wlicn any of tlic aforemcnti- cnccl judges are wanting,the King.by the Advice of his Council, 'makes clioice of one of tliefe Sergeants at Law to fupply his,Place , and Conftitutes hi n by Let¬ ters Patent , Staled by the Chmcelhr, wlio fitting in the middle of the reft of the judges in open Court, by a Set-Speech declares to the Sergeant ( that upon this occafion is brought in ) the King’s Flcafurc; and to the People the King’s Goodnefs , in providing the Bench with fuch Able Honeff Men, as that Jufticeniay be done Exp'editcly , and Impar.'ially to all His Sub- jeffs; and caufes the faid Letters-Patent to be Read; and being departed, the Chief jullice pla-es the faid Sergeant on the Bench, Junior of all the reft ; and ha¬ ving taken his Oath well and truly to ferve the King, and all His People in the Odicc of Juftice, to take no Reward, 10 do Equal and Speedy jullice to all, 6'e. he fets himfcif to the Execution of his Citarge. The Sergeant being thus Advanced to be a judge, hath thereby great Honour,.and a very confi'drrable Salary, befides certain Perquiftes, for each one hath at leafl iroo/. a year from theWhg-, and now, in foine things, his former habit of a Sergeant is altered ; his Long Robe and Cap, his Hood and Coif arc the fame; but there is befides a Cloak put over hini, and clofed on his Right Shoulder, and his Cuf" rhmi is Lined with Mmver, or de A/iimto vitrio , divers fma 1 pieces of white Rich Furr. But the two Lord Chtif Wkes, and the Lord C/j/c/B.i'oa, have their Hood, Sleeves and Collais turned up with Ermm. Nit!, Tltat to the two Sergeants Inns belong the 12 Judges, arid about 26 Sergeants. jttes. '3 Anciently the Fee expeflcd by a Sergeant from his Client, for Advice given in his Chamber, or Pleading in any Court of Judicature, was no more than 2.0 s. and the Fee of a Barrifler 10 r. f which yet is Biuehraore than is ufually given in any of our Neigh- . - -- - ■ - ■ [jQUf of E N G L A N D. 66’i bour-Nations a: this day ) but at prefciit it is bscome alrnoll ordinary, to give (ome Sergeants ic/. and lome ;o/. and to aBarrifter hall as much, at the Hearing of any Conliderable Caufe ; whereby it comes to pafs, tliat fomc Lawyers in one year, gain in Pecs 3000 /. and fonic 4C00/. and in fc.v years Purchafe Efiares fit fur Lords; and fomctin.es liv to fee themfeivcs' to be Advanced to be (’ee;s cf il’.c Realm, as the late Lord Keepers, Cover,ny. Fmh, Konh, and Jeffreys. IRrputntton cf our Jlafs ^3 ofcdojc. ] Now all tbefe forcmcBiioned Inns, or Colleges for the Students in cut Common-Law, being not far diftant from one a- notlier, do mike here the muft famous PcofcfTnn of the Law tliat is in the World i and it will he a veiy dif¬ ficult thing to find, in any one Forreign Univerfity, fo many Students in the Law, that arc of that ripe age, and of that high CJyality. Kite, That out of the Sergeants aforementioned, the King, by Writ, ufually calls feme to he of his Coun¬ cil at Law, allowing each ore lE.i.rge, Feoiage, Veflu- rage, and Reg.nl-.ge ■, thefe ii: within the Bir in all Courts at WejUn'wJer, escept in tiic Court of Common- Fleas, where all ficwiihoat the Ear. Of the College 0 / P H Y SICI A N S /« LONDON. A Mongft other Excellent Irflitutions in the City of j\ Louden, there is a College or Corporation of Fhy- fidm, wiio, by Charters, and Afls of Parliament of ff. the ith, and fince his Reign, have certain Privileges, whereby no Man, though a Graduate in Phyjick_, of Ox- fird, or Q'-mbridge, mav, witbout Licence, under the faid College-Seal, Praftife Phyfick in London, or within 7 Miles of the City, (nor io any other part of England, 66 ^ ^jcfcnc §>tate in cafe lie hath nor taken any Degree in Oxford or Camhudge') whereby alfo they can adminidtr an Oath, Fine, and Imprifon any Offenders in that, and divert other particulars; Can make By-Laws, I’urchafe Lands, fyc. whereby they have Authority to fearch all the Shops of Apothicnrics , in, and about London^ to fee if their Drugs and Compoficions are wholfome and well made i whereby they are freed from all Troublefom Offices; as to ferve upon juries, to be Condable, to keep Watch and Ward, to bear Arms,or provide Arms or Ammunition, jjrc. Any Member of that College may praftife Surgery , if he pleafe, not oncly in Iwdsn, but in any part of England. _ This Society had anciently a College in Knight-Ridir- Street, the Gift of Doefor Linitcre , I’hyf.cian to King Hen. the 8r/j. Since which, a Houfc ami Ground was Vurchafed by the Society of Phyfidans, at the end of Am’n-Street, whereon the Famous Dr. /y. tmr.d ; whereupon he was afterwards Created of Clarence, or the Territory about CMte; vrhich Duke¬ dom Elchcating to King Edward the 4th, by the death of his Brother, George Duke of Clarence, he made this Herald, who properly belonged to that Duke , a King at Arms, and Named him Clarencietix, in French, and Chrencim in Latm. His Office is to Marfhal and dif- pofe of the Funerals of all the Lower Nobility, as Ba¬ ronets, Knights, Efquires, and Gentlemen on theSoutn- (ide ot Trent, and therefore fometimes called Surroy, or Southroy. The Third King at Arms is Norroy, or I}orthroy,vihofc Office is to do the like on all the North-fide of Trent, The Two laft arc called Provincial Heralds, England being by them divided into Two Provinces, Thefc, by Charter, have Power to Vific Noblemens Families, to fet down their Pedigrees, to diftinguifti their Arms, to Appoint Men their Arms, or Enfigns, arid with Garter to direft the Heralds. il!cral5C.] JE!)£ P?ff£lU ^MtC l?cralli 5 . ] The Six ^/MW/anricntly, belonging pn perly co D:it:es, have been Cometimts named Da(;fi , and are thus called and ranked. Whofe Office was anciently to attend Datar in MarHiii Executions; now they are to wait at Court, attend Pub- lick Solemnities, Proclaim War ard Peace, &c. thence perhaps named fferM, from two Germm words, f/rart, and //e.t/t . that is, tlte nrwies Ciam^iott, to De/ime W.tr or Oder Petrel, as theof the Eowtitdltl; and’from'tiicnee probably 7 Dtirnffi Kings, and fonte Kings of Abrm.ty, and of Srvidcn, and fome of before the ConqMt\, have had the name of //.n j/d,wlacti is all one Verftegm) with Her,ild. Blirfuihantfi. 1 Of thefe HerMs, \a EniUni, there were anciently many, and folikewile of Purim- xttnts, whereof at prekat there are but Four, thus Named, The Service of thefe, and of the Heralds, and of the whole College, is ufed in Marffiallingand OrdcrineCo- ronations, Marriage,, Chriftnings, Funerals Interview, Fcafts of Kings and Princes, Cavalcades, Shews, julls, Tourniinents, Combats before the Conllabic and Mar- (hil, Aifo they take care of the Coats of Arms of of ENGLAND. ff73 the Genealogies of che Nobility and Gentry j briefly j wlijtfoever concerns Honour, is their care and Study ; they are i Tahqmm SacrorSIrh Cujlodes S. ] A Herald at Arms a alfo Created with the like Ceremony, except the Cot^ net; only his Coat of Arms muff be Sattin, EmbtM- der’d and Enrich’d with Gold, and mulf be brought id with two Heralds, as the Kings of Arms aicby ti ^ They wtra’Solemn Oath to be true to the King, to be fervmeable to Gentlemen, to keep Efquires, Ladies, and Gentlewomen, to affilb DifirtlTcd Gentlemen and Gentlewomen , Widows and Virgins, to avoid Taverns , Dicing, and Whorc-lioufes, p,of:iiv.ints a: Arms are Created alfo oy Lctters-latcnti, TBook a BoU of Wine, and a Coat of Arms of Di. mask, and to be brought in, as the Heralds, before tbe Earl Marlhal, or his Deputy, and to Swear in Solerai banner '.o be true to the King, to be fetviceable toaJ Cbriilians to be fccrct and fober, to be mote read; to "end , than to Blame; to be humble, lotv. ly, & Gere it may not be improper to fet down the ii cerof obtaining ot a Coat of Arms. Tl- i’crf.'.n who defires Arms, firft applies himfclf to the Earl Marfnal ( to whom this Office is lubordinatej by Fctisicn, on this manner, of ENGL AND. 675 to his Grace Henry D. of Norfolk, Earl Marjhal 0/England, ©’c. The liumblc Petition of A. B. (licweth, T Hut ym fetitmer being dejlrous to bear Arms, ani humbly lioyes kimfelf qualified for it, being ( then (hews tlie Rcjfonsof Ins Prctcnfions and his Qualifi¬ cations J as may appear by the Annexed Certificate. Therefore your Petitioner humbly prays your Grace’s Or¬ der to the Kings at Arms , for the Devifmg and Granting fuels Bearings as your Lordfhip jhall thinly, fit to allow of, And your Petitioner, tf^rc. Tile Certificate Runs thus, W :, C. D. and E. F. do humbly Certifie that A. Ei hath ling Iked in the County of and hath therein a Competent Ellate to Support a Gentleman , that he hath been truly Loyal the ovbole courfc of his Lifci witnefs our Hands and Seals, &c. Upon his Grace’s Approbation of this; 'an Order by Ills Grace is direfted to Garter King at Arms, and one of the other Kini;s at Arms, being of that Province where the Perfon defiring Arms Rcfidcs; in Obedi¬ ence to that Order, they Devife, and with his Grace’s Approbation, a Grant is prepared, in the Afardn where- ot the Coat is Blazoned in Colours; the Grants have been in French, but of late are in EngHfh, and runs thus. B e it (nnvii to ad Petfins whom thefe Prefents may concern, th.ot me Sir Thomas St. George Kt. Cas ¬ ter, Principal King at Arms, and Sir Henry St. George Kt. Clarencicux./Cinv at Arms, Do grant unto A. B. the Arms here fpecifiefi in the Al.irgin , by the Order of bis Grace Henry Du^ of Js'orfolk,E.ir/ Atmlhal of England 5 I i a aad 676 Elje pjcfeut State' nni ti'e c'e hereby alhrv the fiid A. B. tfy'c. and that at their foils mns do fre/me to bear the fame. Tlie Rrearcft parr of this College, is , fincc tlie late dreadful Fire, Rebuilt, and the Ubrary is now kept there, being upon Sz.Bennet's Hill, near Dollors Com- mons, London ; where arc feme OflTicers of Arms always attending to fatisfie Comers, touching Dcfcents, I’cdi- erecs. Coats of Arms, <{;rc. as was formerly done at the forcmcntionetl Houfe cherc *, which vvork hath been tlius far cariicd on at the Charge of fevcral of the No¬ bility , Gentry, and the Members of this Corporation; and ( it is hoped } may, in a (liort time, by the Itouit- tiful Contributions of all Men , that have any fenfe ot Honour, be Complcatcd, to the Glory of this City and .Kingdom. All the Members of this College being the King’s Sworn Servants in Ordinary, thcReader may find a Lili of their Names. Page 238. amongft the Officers of the Houfhold, The C H ARTE RHOZjSE. | A Little without the Walls Hands another College, or Collegiate Houfe , called anciently the Char- ireufe, now corruptly the Charter-Houje, it being here¬ tofore a Convent of Catthujian Monks , in French, dii Chartrenx ; this College , now called Sutton's Hcffital, coni fls of a Mafttr , or Governour, a Chaplain , and fevcral other Officers, alfo a Malfer and Ulher, to In- firuft 44 Scholars, belides 80 decayed Gentlemen, Sol¬ diers, and Merchants, who have all a plentiful Main¬ tenance of Diet, Lodging , Cloths and Phyiick, it liaving been one of His own Palaces. TVJLL and GATES. T He Ancient City cfLmilon was Wall’d in on all parts, with a rtrong Stone Wall of defence,in height and thicknc&proportionable toils defign,which is now for the mok of ENGLAND. ^85 mod part decay’d, dwelling Heufes being now bnilt upon the Foundations of t'^ac wlitch is wanting, or upon the top of that little which rcmains.Thc City,when that Wall wjs built, was not above Three Miles in Circumference, but now the Suburbs being above Four times bigger than that,the immenfe number of its Inhabirants arc a more powerful defence; yet mod of the Gates of that old Wall dill remain; thofe which were burnt down,as Tarf* j.iie,and A'civ^ute, are re-built with great Solidity , and Magnificence; and thofe which cfcaped, as Aldersgate, Cr/fpfeg.!te,.Wj:rg.irf,/l/d<:.iff,are kept in good Repair, and all arc diut up every Night with great drligtnce, and a futficient Watch at to a Clock; none being fuffered to gain and out without Estamination ; in like manner,at the fame hour, watches are placed every where about ilie City, who feize all fufpicious I’erfor.s, and fecure 'em till the next Morning,to be examined by a Juflice of the Peace; and if tliey are found to be Vagabonds, Strum¬ pets, or Niglic 'walkers, they are fcnc to a Houfe of Cor* rctfion. Mod of thefe Gates arc of good ArchiteSure, and adorned with Statues of fome of our Kings and (Queens, as is that likewife called Temple-bar in Fleet- peei, near the Middle-Temple-Gate. ^;ifoiis. 3 The defisned brevity of this Treatife will not let me give a very particular account of all the Prifons in and about this City. Two of the aforc- fiid Gates ; vi^. Keregate and L-dgate , being drongly built, are Prifons, the fitd for heinous Malcfaftots, as Tra'mms , Murderers, Felons , and the like , who are Tried at the Seffions-houfe in the oW-Bai.'y, hard by, and the other tor Debtors, who are Freemen of Lon¬ don. The King’s-bcr.ch Prifon in Soiiibtvarl^ is the greated for Debtors in England ; not far from it is the MjiJJialfca , a Prifon belonging to the Court of the Knighc-Mardtal of England, who is the Right Honoura¬ ble the Lord Vifeount Villiers. The Fleet near Fleet- ditch is a great Prifon likewife for Debtors; fo ate the Two Counters belonging more peculiarly to the City. The New-Prifinit White-Chappel, the Gnfe-ijn/e at Well- ininjkr, and otlugs, yiould take up tgo much room to 686 Snijc IBjefcnt ^tatc be defcribed here; but each liavc their diflinft Prl. vilcges, and ConvcnitMices , according to the cir. cumftances of the Debtor, whicli is the Keafon wlij he fo oft Removes liimfelf from one to the dtlier, by Writs of Habsas Corpm, aLonUOit-UBjiSse. ] The next tiling Rcmarkabic ia the City of Dmdon, may be tiie Bridge , whicii , for Admirabie Workmanfhip, for Vartncfs of Foundation, for ail Dimcnfions, and for folid Hniifej, and Ricli Shops built thereon, fiirpalfcth all other in Europe-, i: hath XIX Arches, Founded in a Deep Broad River, and fome fay, on a Soft Ozy Ground, Soo Foot in Length, 6 o High, and 30 Broad; hath a Diaw-Bridge almofl in the middle, and 20 Foot between each Arch. It was begun by King the zd, and finidicd, dm 1209, in the Reign of King John, The Building of this Bridge of Ltndon , was an cK- reeding Difficult and Coflly piece of Work , and to thofe that confider the Confiant great Flux and Re¬ flux at that place , it feems almofl impoffible to be done again; the Charge of keeping it in Repair, is fo great, iliat it hath been thought fit by our Ance- flors, to have a Large Houfe, a vaft Revenue in Lands and Houfes, and divers confidcrabic Officers, to be fet apart for the Conflant Care and Repair thereof; the Prineipal whereof are the two Eridge-Maflers, Clio- fen out oi the Body of the Liveries upon Mdfnmmer-dit), after the Sheriffs and Chmberkin. IROL'cl €icchaiigc ] Is next to be confidcr’d, as the Noblefl Building of that ufe in the World. The former Burfc began to be erefted in the yean jdd, juft ICO years before it was Burnt;itw.i5 built at the coll and charges of a Noble Merchant Sir Tiio.Grefljtim,and in a Solemn manner by a Herald, and Sound of Trumpet, in the Prefence, and by the Special Command of C^iicen Elixiibeih , Proclaimed and Named the Rojal Exchange, It was built moft of Erick, and yet was the moft fplen- did Burfe (all things confidcred ) that was then in Bk" fop-i of ENGLAND. 6 i'j rope , before the building wlicrcof, the Butfe for Mcr- clwnts was kept in Lmbard-Jirat. Now it is built within and without of the forenten- tiontd cMccllent Stone, vdth fudi Curious and Admi- raWc Architefturc, efpecially for a front , a High Tur¬ ret, or Steeple, wherein arc an Harmonious Chime of Twelve Bells,and for Arch-worlc,that it furpaffeth all o- thcr Burfes, lentil folent inter •vtbnrn'i citprejfi. It is Built Quadrangular, with a Large Court, where¬ in the Merchants may Affemble, and the greatefl parr, in cafe of Rain, or Hot Sun-fhine, may be flicltered in fide-Galleries, or Portico’s; the. whole Fabrick cod 50CC0 1. whereof cne l-.alf was tlisburfed by the Cham¬ ber of L'lndon, or Corporation of the City ; and the 0- tlicr half by the Company of Mercers { and to Reim- burfe thcmfelves, there is Lett to Hire 190 Shops a- bovc Stairs, at ao /. yearly Rent each, and 30 1. Fine, beiides the fevcral Shops below, on the Eaft and Weft fidcs, and the huge Vaulted Cellars underground ; So that it is the Richeft Piece of Ground perhaps in the whole World for, according to exaft dimenfions, the Ground whereon this goodly Fabrick is crefted, is but 171 Foot from North to South, and 203 Foot from Baft to Weft, (for it k Oitadratum nblmgtm') fo that it is but very'little more than 3 quarters of an Acre of ground , and will produce above 4000 /. yearly Rent. In the midfi of this Great Qiiadranglc (lands that Exquifite Statue of His lace MajcQy King cknrks the id , newly Erefted, at the Charge of the Society of Mcrcimt-Advemmers of Ettglml ; ’tis done with great Beauty and Spirit, in the Ancient Remnn Habit of their C.f/urr, with a Wreath of Lawrel on the Head , (landing upon a Pedcdal Seven Foot high , on Three Sides whereof are curioufly Cuc'on Three Elcutchcons, Firlt, the Arms of England and France quartered ; Se¬ condly, of Scotland-, Thirdly, of kcl.ind, each fupporc- _cd by a Cupid t and on the Fourth fide is the follow¬ ing infeription, . earth srije J0?ffcnt gitatc Carolo H. Cxfiri Britannico Falriic Patri, Begum OftiiM, Clementijfimo, Auguftijfimoj Generis Humani Deliciis, Vtriiifcjue fortmt Viliori, Pads EuroptC Arvitro, Marinin Domino ac Findici, Societas Mercacorum Aventm. Anglia:, Siue per CCCC jam prope Annas Begin benignitate floret, Fidei Intcmeratie (fl Gratitudinis xtern^e Hoc Peflimonium Venerabunda pofluit Anno Salutis Humane MDCLXXXiV. The whole is made of white Marble, fomewhat big; ger than the Life, and is the VVorkmanfiiip of the Fa¬ mous Carver and Statuary Mr. Giinlin Gibbons, that Glory of our Nation , not onely for his Carving in Wood, for which he is admired all over Europe, and, to which, nothing of Antiquity, in that kind, now to be feen, is comparable, as his Works at WinJfor, and clfe- 'where tehifie ; but likcwifc for his Rare Performances i n Brafs, and Marble ; for which, amongft all Men of Skill and Judgment in thofc Ingenious Arts, he has acquired the Reputation of Equalling, if not fnrpafTtng the mofl Fam’d Italian Mafters. Statue of ISfng Clyarlcs tl)c ] Another Statue is let up in one of the Niches of the fame Ex¬ change, of the late King Charles the Firft; there,as may be fuppofed, whence the Rebels had Impioudy pull’d down his Statue in the former Exchange which was Burnt •, the Infcripcion under this, is, E I K f3 N 68^ Of ENGL AND, EIK12N BA2IAIKH Sermijfmi ac R^ligiofiffmi Principis C L I P III M I Aiiglix , Scotia, Fritnci.c , & Jliheniia, licgis Fidci Definforrs, Bis Martyris ( in Corfore (it Ejfigie ) isnpiis Heicl- itm tmiiibus ex hoc loco detnrlaea 0 cotifrnlin, Anno Dom. 1647. Reflitmii, hie demtim collocatit, Amo Dom. i68j. Gloria Martyrii tjui te freg^re Rtbelles Kon potuere ipfiim quern votnere Deian. . Ana as before the Dreadful Fire there were all round the Quadrangle of this Royal Exchange, the Statues of ill the Sovereign Princes of this Kingdom, fince the Birman Conqueft; So now by the Care and Coft of the City Companies, moft of thofe Niches are again fil¬ led with the like Curious Statues in Maible or Alaba- llcr, and the reft are daily defigned. Statue at Chating-CjofB. ] There are other Statues, svorthy to be taken notice of, particular¬ ly that at charwi-Crofi, of King Charles the Fitft, on Horfe-back, bigger than the Life, done in Brafs , /landing on a high Pedeftal of White Marble, curioufly jadoined with Trophies of War, and all conipalTcd a. bout with Jron-Rails; this Excellent Piece of Work had alfo fuffered the Defpite of the Rebels, having been pull’d down, and Sold by them to a Brafier in Holbourn, for the Rate of old Brafs, by the pound weight; who preferv’d It intirc till His Late Majefties happy Re- (laiiration, It was done by an Admirable Artift £«- K k Sew, 690 ^jcfcut s>fafe Star who made that Magnificent Brazen Monument in King ffimy the Seventli’s Chapel, for the D. of inihnm, who was Murthcred by Felton. In tltc midft of the Great Court at mwh.nll, is a No. ble Statue in Erjf5,of King Jam/t tlie Second, upon a Pedeflal of Marble, with this Infcription, JACOBUS SECUNDUS DEI GRATIA, ANGLl/E, SCOTIrE, FRANCLE, ET HIBERNl/E REX, FIDEI DEFENSOR. 1686. rShe aflommiciit.] Not far from the Bridge, is il:t Fatal Place where the Dreadful Fire afo c-mentiontJ firft began -, near which is now Erefted ( as was Oi- dered by an Aft of Parliament, immediately after tht Fire ) a'Pillar in perpetual memory thereof ■, It is oftk Dorkh Order, 202 Foot high from the Superficies of th Ground , and 15 Foot Diameter, all of Solid Form Stone, with a Fair Stair-cafe in the middle of Bta Marble , and an Iron Baleony on the Top C not unlist thofe two Ancient VVhite Marble PillarsatK™e,Erea- cd in Honour of the Eraperours, Trajan, and Antcimi, thofe two excellent Princes, wF.ich were there builti. bove 1500 years rgo, and are dill ftandingentire J tl;t P.defial of this our Pillar isalfo all of Portland Sm and is 21 Foot Square, and 40 Foot High; the Fret,; whereof is ciirioudy adorned with Ingenious Embte, the Work of that Admirable Sculptor and Carver u Stone, Mr. G.ibrkl Cibber, another Praxiteles-, andoa the Sides thcre-of are thefc following Large Infcrip- tions. -of E N G L A N D. 691 Tlie INSCRIPTION of ilie MONUMENT. On one Side. Ami CimSi CI^DCLXn, Die IX Ms Septembrisjikc inOnentem pedmCCII htervallo, ( qm ejl Aiijufce Cohm- ne Altuudo ) erupit de wedi'i Kelie Incendhm quod, ^etito ffwante, haujis eiim longir.qiin partes per omnes pipula- bmdttmfirebatur cmn impeiu tfy'fragore mredibUi,LXXXlX Tempia, Portas,Pratorim, Mdes publicas, Ptocctr!iphia,Scho- tas, Bibliothecas, Infalariitn Magraim Xmerum, Dotmtam CCIJO 00 00 00 CC, Vicos CD abfmpfit, de XXPI Regie- ttibus XX fmdiths dcievit, alias Vlll laceras tfy femiit^as nliquit.Vrbis Cadaver ad CDXXXVljugera hinc ab arce per lainifis ripam ad Templar tor itm jatutm,illinc ab Euro aqui- •Imli pond fecundum mitros ad foffat Flnaits Caputperrexit. AdverfifS opes( civtum tlsr fbrtunas infejtum, erga vitas him- cuutrt: ut per omrda referret fupremam illam Mundi Exu- Jiionem. Velox Claies fuit: Exiguum tempus eatidem vtdit Civitaietn florentiftmam dx Xullam, Tertio die cum jam plane evicerat humana conftlia ir fub- Jidia omnia, ccelitus, ut par ejl ciedcre,]tiffns ifetit fatalis ignis dy quaquaverfum elanguit. On the Other Side is, CAROLVS II. t. Mart, F. M. Brit. Fran, dx Hib, Rex fid. D, Princeps Clementijjimus, miferatits luOuofam rerum faciem, plurima ftimantibus jam turn Ruitiis in folatium ci- vium Vrbis fun Ornametiium, providit, Tributum remifn, preces ordinis fy populi Londinenfis reiiiUt ad Regtti Sena- tiim i qui continuo decrevit iiti publica opera pecunid publi- cd, ex velligali carbonis foffihs ortiindd, in meltortm for- tttam rejlituerentur, utique Mdes Sacra ds D, Pauli Tem¬ pi, is i plum 691 Ctjc &tate flmn a fundmintis omni Magnificenthi exttmentur Pon. tcs, rmx, Citceresnavi fierent, emmifarentur Ahei, Vicui Regulam refponJereiit, cUvi complnmentur , upemniiir Anemrms, Vora fy AitcelU in Areas fefojitas eltmmarcn- tm Cenfrit etiam mi fingnU domus mwis wmgemims mclHderenm-, univerja in frontem pari ahhudlne mfur- gerent, mnnefijus parietcr [axo quadrate am colla latere ji’ lidarentnr; wique nemini lieret ultra feptenmum «#• cando immo- ari, ad h.ec, lites de termmts mmraj , l-g: lata prafcidit •, adjecit qiioque ftipplicaiimet annual is ad s- iernam pejieroruth memotisim H. C.P. C. Pellinatur, undique rejmgit Lmdinum majoit celenm an fplendo' e incertuilt. Vimtn triennium abfilvit qmdji- ciili opus credebatiir. Jneepia Rkliardi Ftrde Edjiti prstore Loni. A. D. CloDCLXXt. RerduUa altiiH. Geo- Waterman Eq. pre: Roberto Hanfon Eq. prd; Guliel. Hooller Eq. prs. Roberto Finer. Eq'. prs. Jofepho Sheldon Eq. prs, VerfeSa Thoms Davies Eq. prs. Vrb. Anm Dorn. MD CL XXV 11. the fame hifcriptimis in Ertgli/h. the Year of Chrift \666, the Second day of Sep- A tember, Eaflward from hence, at the Diftance of 202 root C the Htiglit of thii Column ^ about Midniglu, a Terible Fire broke out, which, driven on by a High Wind, of ENGLAND. 693^ VVind, nof oncly wafted the Adjacent parts, but like- wife plac« rery Remote; with incredible Noife and Fu¬ ry, it confumed 89 'c:hurche5, 'the City Gates, Guild- Hall, many Publick Strufture's, Hofpitah, Schools, Libra¬ ries, a vaft number of Stately Edifices, 13200 D'ftclling Houfes, 400 Streets 1 of 26 Wards, it utterly deftroy- ed 15, and left 8 others ftiatter’d and half burnt; the Ruines of the City were 436 Acres, frofn the Tower by the Thnmes fide, to the Temple-Church, and from the North-Eaft Gate along the City VVall to ^o/iorn-Bridee. TotheEftates and Fortunes of the Citizens it was Mer- cilcfs, but to their Lives very favourable, that it might in all things Refcmble the Laft Conflagration of the World. The Deftruftion was Sudden, for in a fmall fpace of time, the fame City was fech moft floutifhing, and Re¬ duced to nothing. Three days after, when this Fatal Fire had baffled all Human Counfels and Endeavours, in the Opinion of all, as it were, by the Will of Heaven it flopped, and on every fide was Extinguifh’d. C HARLES the 11. Son of CHARLES the MARTYR, King of Great Britain and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, a moft Gracious Prince, Commiferating the de¬ plorable State of things, whilft the Ruines were yet fmoaking, provided for the Comfort of his Citizens, and Ornament of liis Citv,' Remitted their Taxes, and Refer¬ red the Petitions of the Magiftrates arid Inhabitants to the Parliament, who immediately palfed an Aft, thac Publick Works fhould be Reftored to greater Beauty with Publick Money, to be Raifed by an Impofition on Coals ; that Churches, and the Cathedral of St. Paul's, Ihould be Rebuilt froip their Foundations, with all .Mag¬ nificence i thac Bridges, Gates and Prifons fhould be new made, the Shoics Cleanfed, the Streets made Straight ana Regular; fuch as were fieep, levelled, and thofe too Narrow, made Wider i Markets and Shambles Remo¬ ved to feparace places: They alfo Enafted, that every Houfc fhould be Built with Part;^-walls, and all in Kk 3 ' Front ^94 SElje State Front raifed of equal height, and thofe Walls all of Squared Stone or Brick, and that no Man (hould delay Building beyond the Space of Seven yean. Moreover, care was taken by Law to prevent all Suits about their Bounds 1 alfo Anniverfury Prayers were linjoyned; and to Perpetuate the Memory hereof to Pofterity , they caufed this Column to be Ereftcd. The Work was carried on with Diligence. LOAIDOW is ReHored; but ’tis uncertain whether with greater Speed or Beauty i A Three years time finilh’d what was fuppos’d to be the bufmefs of an Age. This was begun, Sir Richard. Ford Knight being Lord Mayor of London, Anno Dom. 1671. Carried cn, Sir George Waterman, Kr.! Sir Robert Hanfon, Kt. | Sir William ffool^er, Kt. |>Lord Mayors, Sir Robert Finer, lit. Sir Jofeph Sheldon, Kt. j And Finilhcd, Sir Thoms Davies, Knight, being Lord Mayor, Anno Dom. 1677. Companies l^alls. ] To fpeak now particularly of the many Noble Struftures belonging to, and built at'the Sole Charges of each Guild, or Incorporated Fraternity in this Great City, would take up too much place in this Little Book 1 thefe are Built like the Houfes of Great Nobility, with Gallant Frontefpieces, ftately Courts, Spacious Rooms, the Hall efpecially from whicli the whole is named, is not only ample enough to entertain at a time of Feafling, all of the Livery, in each Company, be they Of E NT G L A N D. 69$ tlicy One, two, or three Hundred -, but many of ’em are fit to Receive a Crowned Head, with all its Nobles, thofeof each of the 12 Companies efpecially; and in fome one of thefe Halls, as that of Mercimt-Tayhrs, the Annua! Feftivals of the moft Splendid Societies are Ce¬ lebrated; as of the Artillery Company, the moft Glorious > and the Sonr of the Cleriy, the moft Beneficent that this City ran boaft of; one of thefe la Palaces (as I may call ’em ) the Lord Mavor for the time being, u- fually makes the place of his Refidence, with all his Fa¬ mily and his Officers; there he ufuaily entertains all Foreign Princes and EmbalTadonrs. The Company of Mercers, befidcs their Hall, have a Sumptuous and Spa¬ cious Chappel for Divine-Service, which every Lord’s Day is Siipplycd by Seleft Preachers: To the Druperi- Mbelongs a large and well-kept Garden, with Bow¬ ers for Retirement, to Study, open for all People of In¬ genious Appearance; And indeed each Hall hath fome or other particular Excellency .• I am loth to fay any of the Lcller Companies arc Poor and in Debt, or to af- fignanyreafon why fome'few of’em do let out their Halls, which were built for better ufes, to be Conven¬ ticles i and Dancing-Schools i and I am adiam’d to fay , That one and the fame Hall many times ferves for both thefe Employments; Sure I am, that moft of the Com¬ pany’s fcorn this Mercenary way. ] I come now to confider the Publick Fountains and AquednBs, which are many, and fumptu- ous, affording moft excellent and wholfom Water, to omit thofe of Crovders-wtl, in Jem-inn-fireet, that of Jower-hill, and others of peculiar Vertues, as well as General ufe, fome of the moft eminent are thefe. Statue of the fiins in StocUs-S^atfect. ] The Neatly wrought Conduit in the Market-place, at the Weft-end of Lombard-peet, whereupon is placed * very Magnificent Statue of King Charles the Second on Horfe- hack , Trampling upon an Enemy, all in exccllenc White Marble, at the foie Coft and Charges of that Worthy Citizen and Alderman of London, Sir Robert twi¬ ner, Knight and Baronet. K k 4 (Slje ^ 5*5 JClje ^jefeut State Clje ®bclicb /d/-Buildings, deferves Obfervation ; where, on a High' Pedeftal, is His jMajeftics Statue, and at His Feet lie the Reprefentations of the four Principal Rivers of England, pouring out their Waters into the Ciftern, viz. Thames, Trent, Humber, and Sevsni, with Subferiptions under each. There is an Excellent and plentifol Fountain like- wife at Atdgate, with many -others of lefs note in and about the City ; nor muft we pafs by without notal^Ie Remark, jfiect-'lbjooh. ] The mighty Chargatilc and Beau¬ tiful Work, rendring Navigable the Fleet-bro)!^, or Ditch, from the River Thames up to Holborn-biidge ; the curious Stone-brrdges over it; the many huge Vaults on each fide thereof, to Treafure lip Netrcnjl/e-Coils for the ufe of the Poor. Obfervable likewife are the many Fair and Com¬ modious Places of PublickSile and Markets, ilackp well-Hall, a Place of Faftors, for Woollen-Cloth; this is a large Sumptuous Building adjoyning to Guild-halt, to which Cloth is fent as to a Publick Fair or Market, from all Parts of the Kingdom. ' ' SmithfeU, pf ENGLAND- 597 ^mitbfeld , A Vaft Weekly Market for Horfes, jgd all forts of Live Cartel; where the Annual Fair is like- wife kept, beginning on St. Bartkhmea>'s-Diy, and laft- ing 14 days. Leaden-ffaO. 3 A Noble Ancient Euilding, where are great Markets for Hides and Leather ; for Flefh , Poultry, Fidi, and 4II forts of Ecjibles; Rueen-huh, and Bear-kej, great Markets for Grain of all forts. All along the namiS-Side , on both fides, are Wholefale-Tra- dets, for Timber, Stone, Coals, and all manner of Fu¬ el; the Slocks Millet, Milli-flrcet, Neupgate, Clare, Co- vent-iarden, Blomsbnry , Hmierfwd, St.Jamei\ Weft- rainjler , Markets, jjrc. arc places of Note Commodious- I'y Situated and Built. There are divers other Ex¬ changes likeiyife , befide the Royal Exchange , where all Attire for Ladies and Gentlemen are fold, as that Stately Building called the Kcw-Exchange, and Exeter- Change, both in the Strand: Not to fpcak of the Cloy- fters at Sr. Barthlmew’i, and other luch like places for Sale of Small-Ware. ®Ufl 5 ingo. 3 rn this City,and parts adjacent, of late years cfpecially, they are generally very fair and fiatcly ; but within the City, the Spacious Houfes of Noblemen, and Merchants, and many of the Sump¬ tuous Taverns, are hidden to Strangers, by rcafon that they are generally built backsvarls, that fo the whole room toward the Street might be referved (or Tradcfnicns Shops. If they had been ail built towards the Street, as in other Countries, no Foreign City would, even in this particular, much furpafs Londm. Yet if a Stranger fhall view the feveral Magnificent Pi- ag^a's , or open places, which we call Squares ( for which the Cities in Italy arc fo highly efteemed } as tliofe of Lmcolns-Imi-Ftelds, Ceveni-Garden, St. James'i Square, Swthampton-Bmldwgs, the Kings Square in Soho, Leke'flcr-jields, ked-Ipn Sqiiare, Golding-Square,.Spittle- Fields-Square , the Square by Biflioplgaie and lUorefields, The feveral Straight and Spacious Greets, as Cheapftde, Cornliill, 658 snije Sky-Cmioi ..d Umbt.. “‘^'“S F The many Palaces of Noblemen, as Adi =i«Sf4%-fS what they have feen abroad. „ ; he improper to mention rhe New rXv ” .d. d£. ‘oi N,ci,*. .i« rr»;fcof ,0/. K- bt »«” i“w™’ ” '* ‘“" iggi^ Mfisi rainentand Learned Counfcl. The Names of the Infure QAmttd Vincent, Efq, ^ Ur^ Nicbolai B^rion. John Parfom, Efq; Falix Calverd, Efq; Barnard Turner, Efq; fehn Lyfrd, Efq. John Hind, Efq; tdr. Edivard Noel.- Mr. jelm Wiifon. Mr. Tho. Price. Mr. Samuel Herrtm. Mr. Samuel Toikey. ThtJ of ENGLAND, 699 They have a great Number of Servants in Livery with Badges, who are Watermen, and other Lufly Per- fons, dwelling in feveral pans of the City, who are al¬ ways to be ready on all occaficnsoffudHcn Fires, which thefe Labour with great dexterity to fupprefs, and com¬ monly expofe themfelves to extraordinary hazards. This Infurance Office is kept over againft the Royd Ex- cknge. There is alfo another Office for Securing Houfes, cal¬ l'd the Friendly Society, by a Mutual Contribution agreed looy theTruliees, That every Member of that Society fliall pay yearly at the Office bcfore-iiand, onely one Shilling, Four pence, for every 100 /. Secured on Brick- Houfes, and 2 /. 8 Efquires. Franc/f POTyliprjy;. And V mu. Strong, S ^ 1 Thomas Hall. J The Regifler and Secretary to ihefe ComminTioncrs, is Edward Noell, and John Brather, Efquircs, whofe Salary is 500 /. per Annum. Auditor of the Excife is Sir Bareli Dixtvell Baroner, whq.for himfelf and Clerks,is allowed 700 l.per Annum Sal- The Comptroller is Sir Scroop How, Kt. and Clerks have Salary 1320 l.per Annum. The Excife-Office is kept in Broad-Jireet. From of ENGLAND. 703 From tlie afore-named CommitTioners, tl.ere lies an Appeal toothers, called the Commiffioners of Appeal, tvho arc Five i and by His Majefty arc allowed 100 1. Sallarycach per Ammi. The Cmmifiotiers of Appeal for Ex- cife, are^ Sir Willuvn Henymid, Bar. 1 Edmmd Chalhner, Richard Bcal^, And Gevge Dodinglen, ' jehn Loc^i Efquires. A'lfe , That by a late Commiffion, the Two laftCom- milTioners arc made Commiffioners of the Escife. The Cornmifwners for Wine Licen¬ ces, are, Edmmd Chalbm , and John Liicl’, Efq; Of the Office of FoH-maJler General. T He Profits of the faid Office were Settled by Aft of Patlianicnt on his Royal Highnefs the Duke of Tor\j but His Majcfty doth Coiiliitute His Poll-maftcr-Gene¬ ral, by Letters-Patents under the Great Seal of England, This Office is now in the hands of the King, and is Exe¬ cuted by Poft-ma(fer-General. Sir Robert Colton, Knight. Thomat Frm^land, Efquirc. 7G4 %\)t gjcfent In the Forreign Office. Compcroler,- Bn\et, Efquirc, Sallary 150/. ffr An'mm. A/pb.tiet-Keepcr, AjiAufdwn Froir./!;, Efquirc, ico/. per Aiinum. Befides Eight Clerks, 50/.per Annum each. Hjs Majefly keepeth one Grand, or General-Office in the City of Lmdm, from whence Letters and Pacquets are difpatchcd. Every Mtnday to Prance, Italy, Spijin, Flanderi, Ger¬ many, Sweden, Denmarl^, Kent, and the Down/. Every Tuefday to the Vnited Netherlands , Germany , Sweedland, Denmrki and to all parts of Englakd, Sect- land and Ireland. Every Wednesday to Kent onely, and the Down/. Every Thmfday to France, Spain, Italy, and all ()art$ of England, and Scotland. Every Friday to the Spanijh and Vnited Net herlands Germany , Sweden , Denmarl^ j and to Kent and the Downs. , Every Saturday to all parts of England, Scotland, and Ireland. And the Anfwers ol the faid Letters and PacquetS are Received in the faid Office in due courfe, and from thence difperfed , and Delivered according to their Refpeftive Direftions, with all Expedition. From' ofENGLAND. 705 From all Parcs of England and ^cor/.im/, except W.ilcs , every Mwday , lycdttejda )', and Friday. From Wales acty Monday and Ftyday ; and from Keni and die Dwiii every day. The faid Oftke is managed by a Deputy, and ctlier Officers, to the Number of 77 Perfons, who give their Aftiial Attendance Refpcaively in the Difpatch of the Eufincfs. Upon this Grand OlTicc depends iSx Deputy Pofl- mafters in England and Scotland, nioif of which keep Regular Offices in their Stages, and Sub-poflmaflcrs in ilieir Branches: And alfo in Ireland another General- Office for that Kingdom, which is kept in Dublin, con- liding of 18 like Officers, and 45 Deputy-Poft-.Ma- fters. His Majcfty keeps Conflantly for the Traefport of the faid Letters and Paequcis, f Sfain,2 Pacquct-Boat',one in a Forcn'glr, Between [ Flanders, z Pacquet-Boats. England and j Holland, 3 Pacqucc-Boats. ^ Ireland, 3 Pacquet-Boats. And at Deal, z Paeqaet-Boats for the Dorns. All which Officers, Poft-nianers, and Pacquet-Boats, ate maintained at His Majellies own Charge. And as the Mafler-picce of all thofe good Regulati¬ ons, Elfablilhcd by the Pod-mafter-Gcncral, for the bet¬ ter Government of the faid Office, he hath annexed and appropriated the Market-Towns of England, fo well to the RefpeSivc Pofiages, that there is no Confidera- blc Market-Town, but hath an calie and certain Con¬ veyance for the Letters thereof, to and horn the faid i Gtand Office, in the Due Courfe of the Males every Pod. Though the number of Letters Miffive in England , were not at all confidcrable in our Aneeftors days, L 1 yet 7o6 %U f jefent &tate •vet it is now fo prodigiouQy great ( finee the mean' eft people have generally learnt to Write J that thi* Office was Farmed before the addition of the Penny Poll, at 40, or $0000 1. a year. Note alfo, that Letters are conveyed with more-ex. pediiiorr, and Icfs Cliirges, than in any Foreign Conn- try. Cljatse. ] A Letter containing a whole Sheet of Paper is conveyed 80 Miles for z d. and Z Sheets a I and an Ounce of Letters but 8 d. and above 80 Miles a fingle Letter is ? a double Letter 6 d. and ad Ounce I s. and that in fo (hortja time, by Night as well as by Day, that every 24 hours the Poll goes 120 Miles; arid in j days an Anfwer of a Letter rnay be had from a place 300 Miles diftant froiri the Writers. Moreover, if any Gentleman defire to Ride Poll to any Principal town in England, Poft-horfes are always in Readinefs ( taking no Horfe without the confent oi his Owner) which, in other ftings Reigns, was not dnlv obferved, andonly 3 for Wejlminjler in St. Martin's-Lane, the end next ebs- rkg-Crofjj for SoMhwar^, in Green-Dragon-ComyUax Sc. Saviour’s Church j for Ratcliff, and the Hermittge , upon Little Tourer-Hill, A further Convenience of this Office is, that whac- foever Letters come from all parts of the World, by L1 2 the 7o8 Elje pjQfcnt State the Gcniral-Poft, direfled to Perfons in any of tliofe Counttey Towns to wliich the Penny-poft does go; they are delivered by the Mellcngers thereof the fame day they come to Lmdm ; and the Anfwcrs being left at thtir Rceeiving-Hnufcs, are by them fafely carried every night to the Office in LmbardJJrect. The Comp¬ troller of this very Commodious Penny-pod-Office is Nalhanktcaftlemficni. heRefidesat the General Penny- pofl-Othce inCornii/; The Accomptant, llimas Lah, the Receiver, h'rMcis OMing. (CmitJEiUcnccs. 3 The Cmvemences of this Ufeful Undertaking of the Pemy-poS, areas follow * All Gen¬ tlemen , Country-Chapmen, and others, may hereby fpeedily and cheaply give notice of their Arrival at London ; Shop-keepers and Tradefmen may fend' to their Workmen for what they want; Bills may be dip perfed , or Publication of any Concern; Summons ot Tickets conveyed to all parts, Brewers Entries fafely fent to the Excife-OlTice; Appointments of Meetings among Men of Bufinefs; much time faved in Solicita¬ tion for Money; Lawyers and Clients mutually Corre- fpond; Patients may (end to Doftors, Apothecaries, and Chyrurgeons for what they (hall want, befides many other Advantages. Of Coachmen, Carmen, and Watermens Rates. ■nrfHe Conveniency of Hackney-Coaches, Carts and , i Boats in and about London , is very great; but Coachmen, Carmen, and Watermen being for the mo(i part rude, exafting, and quarcifome, 1 hope it will not be thought amifs to put down here thofe Rates which they may demand, and beyond which no body is obliged to pay 'em. Mes o6 of E N G L A N D. 7^9 Rates of Coachmen, according to an AB: of Parliament, 14 Car. z. For a whole day in and about London and ? WeUmmfter, reckoning 12 hours to the day—S By tlie Hour, for the firft hour -- c Every hour after the firft—--- c- — From any of the Inns of Cmrt, or therca--\ bouts, to any part of Sc. Jmnts'i, or WsRfdn- / jier ('except beyond Tnitle-Jheet ') or from > 01 00 any of thofe places to any of the/nnaof CounA or thereabouts,-- From any of the Inns of Cmrt to tlie oj d Exchange. -— ---- S From any Inns of Cmrt,to the lover, Bifiops- J g.jte-Jfreet, Aldgnte, or places thereabout--J* °° And the like Rates from and to any places of the like diftance. And though the afbrefaid Aft be expired, yet the fame Rates continue by Cuftom. Rates of Carmen, as fetled at a General QuarterSefftons. From any Wharf between the Tover , and T Lmion-brtdge, to Tover-jlreet , Grace-Church-y Jlreet, Fan-Chnrch flreet,BiPiopsgiUe-J}reetmth-\ 02 ol in, Ci!ru/)i//,and places of like diftance up thef Hill, with 18 hundred weight, not exceeding^ 20 hundred weight - ■' And for every hundred weight above 1 20 hundred -- --— - j °° Sea-Coals a Load, i. e, half a Chaldron, or ~f an hundred of Faggots -- - ■ j* From any of the aforefaid Wharfs, to T Broadflreet, Lnthburp , Old Jevry , Baffiflmv Colemanflreet , Ironmonger-Lane, Atdermanbury ,>02 06 .and places of like diftance, the aforefaid^ 710 Coals, or faggots --- -TT. From any of the (aid Wharfs to Smith- v fild-Bar , HMurn-Bar, Temple-bar, or like di- > 03 04 ■flance, like-.veight —■ -— And where the wctijht from i8 to id hundred pays a r. id. from 14 to 18 hundred pays but 1 s. 10 d. and wherefrom 18 toiohuodred pays 11,6 d. from 14 to 18 hundred pays but 2 r. And where frtJhi 18 to 20.pays is. id. from 8to 14 hupdred .ws but ’i r. 6 d. and where from 18 to 10 pays i a. 6 d. from 8 to 14 hundred pays bm i /. 8 d. There are other .particulars-ftated, butaecording to theft proportions/ me. That for the foregoing Rates, the'Carmen are to help as much as they can to Load and Unload their All Merchants, or others, may chafe what Car they pTcafe, except Rich as (land for Wharf-work, Tackle- work, Crane-work, Shop and Merchants Houfes, which are to be taken in turn. , , Every Licenfed Carman is to have a piece of Brafs fix- id upon his Cart, with a certain Number which is Regi- fired in ChriSi'i Hofpkdl. So that if any Carman offend, the perfon grieved may repair every Tuefday at 1 a Clock in the Afternoon to Ciriff’s ■yft/piMf, the Court then Sitting, and telling the 'Number, the Carmank Name will be'found out, and he;puni(hed. The Rates or Fares of WATERMEN, as they were fet forth hj the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen. From Lwdm to Ltme-bnfe, Kern-crane, Shiidvell-doc1i,BeII-riharf,Ratctiff-cicfi —, To Wippin'-de'ek , Wapping nem, and Wapping old-flairs, the Hermitage, Rathe- Oars. • ~Skul- ler. s. d. s. d I r.6 0 < 3 ‘ >0 3 From of E N G L A N D. From Sr. Olavcs to Rmheriih Chmh- Scairs, and Rorherith-Sairs- -- From and St. Olnes to St. Shim's Mill ' r^. All the Stairs between Lmim-briiic and mjlmwlicr - --- From either fide above Lmdon-bndge to Lmbeth and Fax-hall. --- From Whitehall to Lambeth and Fox- lull . From Templefiorfee,Btack:friari Stairs, and Paul'i-ifharf, to Lambeth - -- Over the water dircftly in the next Skullcr, between Undon-bridge and Lme~ houfe, or London-bridge and Fox-hall —— OARS, ifGravefend - --- Graife, or Greenhtve - Fiti/leer, or Erif — - Woolmcb —-- Blackjpall ■ - - 2 Greenvrich, or Deit/ord— j chel[ey, Batterfey, Wanfmrth. — "c Putney, Fulham, Barnelmr -, •S.* Hamerfmith,Chiftt>ick^, Mortlack: - E Brentford, Iflemrth, Richmond- - 2 Takhenham - Kingfton Hampton-Com - -- Hampton Tmn, Sunbury, and Walton- Weybridgt and Chertfey --- , Stanes --- y-WIndfor ■ _ ■ 712 Snijc'^jffciu State Rates for carrying of Goods in the Tilt- Boat between Gravefend and London. s. d. A half Firkin -|o i A Me firkin -p 1 A ffjgfiiead -'2 o A hundred weight cf Cheefe, Iran, or heavy Goads -o 4 A fack of Sait,or Corn—lo 6 s. d. An ordinary' Chefi, or Trunk -- 6 An ordinary Hamper — 06 The Hire of the rvholc Tilt-Boat -- 12 6 Every fmgie Perfon ir. the ordinary pajfage— 0 ( What Watermen takes and demands more than thefe Rates, lies liable to pay forty Sliillings, and fuffer hall a Years Imprifonment. And if he refufe to carry any Paflengcr or Goods at tliefe Rates, upon Complaint made to the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen, he fhall befufpended from his Employ for twelve Months. OF THE TWO UNIVERSITIES. U Jj 5 ihcrfltp of ] Oxford quafi Ousford, Ifidis K-iAm,the Name of the Chief River whereon it is feated; or perhaps from Bovis Vadum, a Ford for Oxen to pais through, before the ui'e of Bridges, as Thracius Boj- fborus, fignifying the like, is by the Germans called 0- thenfurt. - . . _ It is Seated at the meeting of two Clear Filhy Rivers, in fuch a Healthy Air, and pleafant Rich Soyl, that it of ENGLAND. 713^ hath Anciemly been oallcd Bellofiim, BtHafis or Beaa- Um. It li'S in 51 degrees 42 Minutes Latitudcjand about 22 degrees Longitude, above ig degrees more Northward, than that moll Ancient Famous City and Univerfity of Aikns, that once fruitful Mother, and careful Nurfe of many Arts, Sciences, and Beneficial Inventioni. But Oxfwd being Seated in an Ifland, the Air is not much Colder in ihc Winter, nor near fo Troublefome or Hot in the Summer as Athens. Oxford was a place of publick Studies above Nine hundred years ago, and much Augmented (not found¬ ed) by the Learned Sitxon King Alfred, and hath been very Anciently Reckoned the Second Vnherfitf among the four Principal of Europe ; whereof the others are Paris in France, Bomnia now called Bologna in Italy, and Salamanca in Spain , and although Paris hatll ufually been Named in the firft place, yet it hath been Ac¬ knowledged to be Oxonispropago, and if Paris for a time was more flourilhing, yet (ince, in many Refpcfls, ’tis Excelled by this of Oiford. Oxford is an Ancient City, confiding of two forts of Inhabitants, Students, and Citizens, Living one a- . mengft another , though wholly feparate for Govern¬ ment and Manners; for when former Kings of England perceived that they could not (as at Paris) be fepara- ted by a River, they thought bed to Difjoyn them, as much as might conveniently be, by Privileges, and whole manner of Government; fo that there are not the fame Limits, for the Univcrlity have them much larger; nor the fame ftroke nor Authority of Judice or power of Magidrates, for the Chancellonr of the Univerfity, and in his abfence, his Vice Chancellour, is not only in place, but in all Affairs of Moment (though concem- I mg the City it fclf) Superiour to the Mayor of the Town. Nor are they Governed by the fame kind of taws; for all Members of the Univerfity, are Subjeft to the Vice Chancellour’s Judicial Courts ; the proceedings of which are wholly managed according to the ufage and farm of the Civil Law. The ^jerciit &tat« Tht Uoivetfity Iwili time out of mind, and are ««. ranted to do fo by divers Charters, confirmed by Aft of Parliament, exercifed power and Jurifdiftion iiull Caufes fMaim, Felony and Freehold excepted; wliete. of or wherein a privileged perfon is one party, where¬ in the proceedings are according to the Courfe of tht Civil Laws. After witneffes have been openly .produced in Court and Sworn, their Examinations are taken h writing by;the Judge and Regilicr, and then .publilhed, that all patties may have Copies of them, according to ■the Courfe of the Civil Law, the High Court of Cbrnt- rrandthe Admiralty: And the Sentences given there, arc not as feme ill Affefted .perfons to the Church and Univerfities miliclouny fugged, meetly Atburary and grounded upon no Law, but at the will of the Judge; ;But in all his Sentences the Judge is governed by the ■Tudice and equity of the Civil and Common-taw, and the Statutes of the Land, againft which he neithet dodi nor can give .Decree or Sentence. !f the Judge be thought to Judge Erroneoudy or us- judly, Writs of Error are not brought to this Couit, becaufeas was faid before, the manner of proceedii^ here are not as at the Common-Law, ;but the part; .aggrieved may either appeal or complain of a nullii)’, and have Redrefs; and there arc in the Univerfity ap. pointed yearly four or five Doftors, and fome MafieB, .from the Convocation and Congregation delegated bj them, to hear all Complaints againft any proceedings •fn the Vice-Chancellor’s Court, and from their Judg¬ ment there lies a further appeal to the Supream powtr ■in jChancery, .where the Judges of the l^nd, and othti iesraed'Lawyers both Common and Civil, have ufuallf -b«n nominated Judges delegates as is ufually done in the Admiralty and prerogative Courts. ChanctllopB of ©jcfopb-] Over the Univerfity nesi -.under the King, is placed the aforementioned Magiftrate, called the Chmellor, who is ufually one of the prime ;Nobilicy,:and'nearcft in favour witlvthe SovereignPrinct, vEIefted iby the Students themfelves in Convocation, lo continue Daraiae idta, whofc Office is to -take Orem of ENGLAND. ti 5 the Government of the whole Uoiverfitjr, to matiaki the Liberties and Privileges thereof, to call ARciiMmi, to hear and determine Controverfies, to call Gouns, to punifh Delinquents, iyc. This great Honour is enjoyed at prefent by/aiw* D. of Oimmd, 3 The next in Dignity amotaft the officers of the Univerfity of Pajirir, is the Simstrd, t^ho is Nomioaied by the Chancellor, and approved by the Uoiverfity, and is alfo dinwife nita , whofe Office is to alTtft the Chancellor, VicfriChancellor, and Proftors, upon their Requefts, in the Execudon of their Places,airo to hear and determine Capital Caufei according tothe'Lawsof the tand,and'Privileges ofper, whofe Office is to Regi- IkrallTranfadfions in Convocations,Congregations,Dele¬ gacies, {Jrc. ffitaWes. 3 Betides the forementioned Officers, there are certain publick Servants of the Univcrfity, called Beadles, from the High Dutch Citicn, or elfefrom the Low Dutch BidJen, to Summon , Admonilh, or Pray ; of thefe there arc Sis, whereof Three are cal¬ led Efguire Bendles, and carry Large Maces of Silver Gilt; the other three are ftiledTewMB Beadles, and carry Large Silver Maces Ungilt, Nicholas Vilet, Elq; Beadle of Divinity; Peter Cox , Efq; Beadle of P.fpy- /ich and /Ins ; ThMetbrvait Architmeraplm.iad Efqmrc Beadle of Law. Mr, IV.lliam Shsrwin, Yeoman B, of Divinitji. Mr. Ro^en , Yeoman B. of Lave. Mr. James Ne-Mm, Yeoman B,of Ph)fic\indArts. Their Office is always to wait on the Vice-Chancel¬ lor in Publick, doing what belongs to his Place, and ac his Command to feize any Delinquent, and carry him to Prifon; to Summon any one -, topublilh the Calling of Courts, or Convocations; to Conduft Preachers to Church, or Leflurers to School, jirc. f€\)z llitgcr. 3 Upon mote Solemn Times and Occafions, there is a Seventh , that carries in his hand a Silver Rod, and is thence called the Eirger, who , with all the other Six, walk before the Vice-Chancel¬ lor, and is ready to obferve his Commands, and to wait on Grand Compounders, Is at prefenc Mr. Richard Davies. SElje f jrfent &tate '?i8 ^Jjil)Ucgc6. ], Many Rings of Englmi have b«ii great Favourers of Learning, and efteemed it thtir Honour to Give, or Enlarge the Privileges of the Uni. vetfiiy. •Che } By Charter of Edw. the jd, the Mayor of ffxjord is to obey ti e Orders of tlie Vice. Chancellor, and to be in Subjeftion to him. The Mayor, with tlie Chief Butgeflci in Oxford, and alfo the High Sheriff of Oxfordniire, every year, in a Solemn Manner , take an Oath, given by the Vice- Chancellor, to Obfetve and Conferve the Rights and Privileges, and Liberties of the Univerfity of Ox- fird- £nd every year on the Day of St, Seklajliett, being the loib day of February , a Certain Number of the Principal Burgeffes Pubiickly and Solemnly do pay each one a penny, in token of their SubmifHon to the Orders and Rights of the Univerfity. The Oecafion of which Cuftom and Offering, was a Barbarous and Bloody Outrage committed by the Citizens in the Reign of Edw, the Third, againff the Perfons and Goods of fcveral innocent Scholars, which drew a Great and Juft Amercement upon the Crimi¬ nals j the City pretended that they were not able to py this Fine, without their utter Ruine,and did hum- sly pri^, and at faft obtained a Mitigation from the Univerfity. An Annual Payment of too Marks was ihen Accepted: And this by the further Favour of the Univerfity, was dianged into a Small yearly Ac- knowledgment, w'<. That the Mayor and 62 fueb Townfmen as had been Sworn that year to preferve the Privileges-of the Univerfity, ftiould yearly, upon ScboItJUcn'i-Oiy , Repair to St. JHary'i Church, and ibeuld then and there Offer Sixty three Pence, in Me¬ mory of that Barbarous Murder of Innocent Scho- bn ID the Reign of King Edward as abovelaid. No Viftuals to be taken by the King's Purveyors within $ Miles of Oxford, unicfs the King himfeif comes thither, King Df ENGLAND. 71^ Kins Jumes the Fitft of Hajjpy Memory Honoured both Univcrfities with the Privileges of fending each two Burgelfes to Parliament. It is none of the lead Privileges belonging to the Two Univerfiiics, that they are fnbjeft to the Vifitatioo or Correflioo of none but the King. By Charter of J/enry the 416, it is left to the Choice of the Vice-Chancellor, whether any Member in the U- niverfity there Inhabiting, Accufed for Felony, or High- Treafon, (hall be Try’d by the Laws uf the Land, or by the Laws and Culloms of the Univerfiiy j though now, where Life or Limb is concerned, the Criminal is left to be Tryedby the Laws of the Land. No Students of O^ord may be feed at Common-Law for Debts, Accompts, Contrafts, Injuries, ^rc. but onely in the Court of the Vice-Chancellor, rtho hath power to Determine Caufos,. to Imprifon,as' aforeSid 4 (0 give Corporal Puninimenc, co Excommunicate, to Sui^end, and to Banilh. Collcgstf anh l?all8.} Anciently in Oxford, as now in Leyden ( and many other Univcrfities beyond the Seas) the Students, without any dtdinflion of Habit, lived in Citizens Houfes, and had Meeting-places to hear Ltftures , andDifpute-, after that, there were divers Houfes for Students onely co Live together in> Society C as now in the Inns of Court, and of Chancery in London } and thofc places were called either Inns from the Siixon , or ffofleh from the Frmb, and at prefent are named Halts, where every Student lives wholly upon his own Charges, until dhren Eotmtiful Patrons of Learning, in their great wifdom, thought bed to fettle for ever, plentiful Revenues in Lands ana Rou. fes, co Maintain in Diet, Cloatht, and Books, fnch Stu* dents, as by Merit and Worth, fhouldfrotn time to tame be chofen, and to fettle large Sallaries for Pdofc&rs to inftrufl them, and for a Head to Govern them, accor¬ ding CO certain Statutes and Ordinances made by thic feid Patrons or Founders, and thefe ate called Colleges, whereof the firft thus Endowed- in Emopt , were Wni- wfu), BalitI, iud Altrm Colleges in all made Colleges 720 Elje pjcfeiu ^tate Colleges in the 12th Century, altliougii Vniietfitj Ctl- leie hath been, reckoned a place for Students, ever fince the year 871, by the Royal Bounty of our aforefaid Sax¬ on King Atfreil, and was anciently called the Vniverfnj. CoHefe, where were divers Profcifors, and all theLibc- ral Sciences Read. Of fuch Endowed Colleges there arc in Oxford iS-, and of Haifa ('where, with the like Dilcipline, Students live upon their own Means, onely excepting fonie cer¬ tain Exhibitions, or Annual I'enfions Annexed to fome one or two of them ) there are 7. The Colleges and Halls in Oxford, tvith the Names and Titles of their RefpeBvt Governours. The Colleges are Eighteen. Heads of COLLEGES C flri/f Church College, Dr. Hen. Aldrich,'nce-Chit- cellor, and Dean, D. D. Magdalen College, Dr. John Hough Prefident and Bi- fliopof Oxford. , , , T^' Nem College, Vc.Henry Beefton, Warden, L.L.D. All Souls College, the Honourable Leopld Wmam Finch, Warden, A. M. , ,, r, Merton College, Sir C/uywn, Warden, M. D. Corpus Chrifti College, Dr. Tho. Turner Prefident, D. D. Slueens College, Dr. Tmothy Halm Provoft, D. D. St. Johns College, Dr. William Levins Prefident, M. D. rrinify College, Dr. Ralph Baf/wry? Prefident, M. D. Bra^en-Noje College, Dr. John Mear Principal, D. D. Oriel College, Dr. George Royfe Provoft, D. D.. . Wadbam College, Dr. Tho. Dunftar Warde^ D. D. Lincoln Collcge,Dr. Fit^herbert Adams Reftor, D. D. “D/iiueryitrCollege, Dr. ArthurCharhte Mailer, D. D. of E N G L A N D. lit Exeter College, Dr. Arihiir Bur; Reftor, D.D. Bulhl College, Dr. Boger Mander Mailer, D. D. Jefus College,Dr. Jonathan Eimrds Principal, D. D; Pembrook College, Dr. John Hall Mailer, D. D, and Bi- hop of Btiftol. The HALLS are Seven. Magdalen Hall, Dr. William Levet , Principal, D. D. EdmindHiW, Dr.John Mill, Principal, D.D. Alban Hall, Dr. Tho, Bouchier, Principal, LL. D.' Hart Hall, ^r.WiUhm Vtornlon, Principal, A. M. St. Mar; Hall, Mr. William W;at, Principal, M. A; Hetv-Inn Hall, Dr. Tho. Bayl;, Principal, D. D. GloceJIer Hall, Dr. Benjamin Woodroffe , Principal, D. D. and Canon of Chrift Church. Thefe Colleges have.within their own Walls,Leftures, Difputations, all Profeflions and Liberal Sciences, Read and Taught j and in fome of them Publick Leftures tor all Comers,and Large Salaries for the Readers, infonmclij that they feem fo many Compleat Univeriities, and are not inferiour to fome in our Neighbour Countries. Lippui ( whofe Teftimony among the Learned is very conliderable) faith of one College of Oxford in his time, what might be faid of fome others there and in Cambridge, Non Credo in Orbe terrarm extra Ar^liam fmile ejfe ; addam,aHt fuiffe. Magna illic opes {Jr veHigalia, &c. Verbo vis. Dicam unum Oxonienfe Collegium ( rem In- quifivi) fuperat vel decern noBra. The Thames of the prefent Profefors and LeSurers in Oxford. I p Bgms Prefelfor of Divinity, Dr.- WiUiam Jane, Dean lA of Gloccfter, and Canon of Ch'iji-Church. Margaret Profeffor of Divinity , Dr, Thomat Sykes, Fellow of Trinity-College, M m Regius 72 a SClje State Re^iwProfefforof Phyfick, Dr. Totw Iwff. k 4 «« ProfelTor of Civil Liw , Dr. Tlmns Bouchia Principal of Albm-ttcdl. • i c o. P«bHc^ Ornter, Mr. William Wyat , Principal of Siitt ProfelTor of Hebrew, Mr. Rogtr Aliham, Chiti C. of Chriji-Chiircli. . r. r, A.L ] The Vice-Chance'lor is Dr. Stanley, Mailer of Corpus Chrifli College. This High Of- ficer is Chofen every year, on the qrf of November, by the Senate, out of Two Perfons Nominated by the Heads of the feveral Colleges and Halls. Here Note, That the Halts at Cambridge are Endowed and Privileged as tl-.c Colleges, and differ only in Name, ^3’0tt0jS.]Thc Two Proflors arc Chofen every year, as at Oxford, according to the Circle of Colleges and Halls.They arc for this year, Mr. Sam. Burton of Sidney College, and Mr. John I’eareth of St, folms. There are Chnfcn after the fame manner Two called Taxers, who ate at prefent , George Modd- Coll. Trin. and William Ban\s, Aul. Pemb. who with the Proflors have Care of Weights and Meafutes, as Clerks of the Market. JReaiflcr. ] The Cuftos Archivorum , or Univerfity- Rcgifler, is Mr. James Holman of Oan.and Caius ot ENGLAND. 733 There are alfo Three Efquirc Beadles, Mr. Willim It'brrr, Mr. Hugh Martin , and Mr. John ?ctn. One Yeoman Beadle, Mr. Titus lilkf, and a Library Keeper, Mr. Laughton of Trin. Coll. ^Sriljitcsto. ] This Univerfity, for the Encou- rngcnicr.cof Students, hath alfo divers Privileges, Rights and Liberties granted by feveral Kings of £ng/«nrf, which every Michaelmas-Day, the Mayor of the Town ofCam- hiiigt^ at the Entrance into his Office, takes a Solemn Oath before the Vice-Chancellor, to Obferve and Con* ferve, according to the Purport of the faid Grams. , Here follows a LIST of the Colleges mid Hails in CAMBRIDGE, with the Names of the Matters thereof S Aint Perer’s College, or ViUr-Houfi, Pr. Jofeph Beaumont, Clare-fiaO, Dr. Sam. Blithe, Pembrol^-Hall, Dr, Sampfon, Corpus chrifli , Dr. WtBiam Stanley. Trinity-Hall, Dr. George Oxenden. Gonvll and Cains, Dr. Robert Brady. Kingi-ColUdge , Dr. Charles Rodenel. tlueen's, Dr. Henry James. Catharine-HaS, Dr, John Eachard. Jefus, Dr. miliarn Saswell. Chrifl’s, Dr. John Count. St. Johns, Dr.HumphreyGaver. St. Mary Magdalen , Dr. Gabriel Quadrlnf, Trinity CoUedge, Dr. John Montague, Emanuel, Dr. John Balderjlon. Sydney SuJJex, Dr. James Johnfin. Names 734 %\)t gjcfcnt ^tate Names of the Several Profeffors. O F Peter-f/ouje, Regim Profejjer in Dkinit> , Dr. Beaumont, lady Margaret's ProfcITor of Divinitji of Sc. John’s, Dr. Golfer, Cafuijlical Profeffor, Dr. Smonlt, Trinity-Bill, D«w-Profe(Ior, Dr. Oxeniten. Of Caim, PhjJlcl^-Prokffor, Dr. Braily, Mithemaiia^-Pro{effor,'\ ^ r Mr. Vexoton, Behrew-PtoMor, Mr, Stubs, (?r«t;;Profefror, J C Mr. Paine. Of Ciri/I’s-Coll. <4r/i6/ct-Profc(ror, Dr. Lulie. The ProfcITors of Dhiinity, Law, Ph)fic \, and Aft- themauclej, are obliged by Statute, under a Penalty, to Read Four Days in every Week in Term-time. As every Profejfor is obliged to Read Publickly in the Schools, every Week in lerm, to the Students in their feveral Faculties i To thefe alfo are obliged to attend at their LeSnres, and either of them, for every omifllon, arc liable to a. Pecuniary Mulft. The Regiia Profeffors of Divinity, law, and Vhyfic^, are obliged to Moderate at every DoiSor’s and Batchellor’s Aft in their feveral Faculties, and to determine upon the Queftions. The other PrcfelTors, ai Greekj Hebrew , Arabic^, &c, arc likewife obliged to Read every Week in lerm. of ENGLAND. 735 the Exercife Required for every DEGREE. ■pirft, ’tis required of every one tliac takes the Degree ISMchelhrof/}rts(\w he be Rcfidcntin theUniver- fity Twelve Terms, and his laft year keep Two Phthfa- ph^ Afts i'ue.) that he Defend Three Queftions in Xmral Phil. Math, or Eihk^s, and Anfwer the Objefti- ens of Three feveral Opponents, at Two feveral times 5 and that he alfo oppofe Three times. After which he is to be Examined by the Mailer and Fellow* of his College, who, (if they find no Objeftion a- gainft him ) give him leave to feek his Degree in the Schools; where he is to fit Three days, and to be Examined by Two Mailers of Art, who are appointed by the llnivcriity for that purpofe; and by any other Regent that will take the trouble upon him.After which Jic puts up a Petition to the Senate, That he may be admitted to the faid Degree, which is Read over Three times in the Caput Seaatiis, once in the Abn-regenr- //oufe, and once in the Reient-Imfe, and if the faid Petition be allow’d of by all, he is Admitted to his Degree by the Vice-Chancellor. No Man can be admitted to the Degree of Majler of Arts, till Three years after he has taken the De¬ gree of Batchellour of Arts during which time he is obliged Three feveral times to maintain Two Philo- fophical Quellions, in the Publick Schools, and to Anfwer fuch Objedions as lliall be urg’d againll them by a JHaSler of Arts, He mull likewife keep two Afls in the Barchellour’s Schools, and Declaim once; when this is done, and Three years expired, he mull firll have the Confent of the Mailer, and Major part of the Fcllo’"'. of his College ( which is requilite to all De¬ grees j and then vilit every Doftor and Regent that is Refidcnt in the Univerlity ; then put up a Petition to the Senate , which is Read at Two feveral Congrega¬ tions to the Caput Seiiat. Regents, and Non-Regents ; af¬ terwards C if it be not Rejeflcd J he is Admitted to ■736 ' 2ni)e.f>jffcitt &tait the Degree of ^lafler of Arts, which is compleated on the firft Tucfday in Jii/y. It is required,chata Man he Seven years M>tJ}ir of Arts before betakes the Degree o{B,tchelhiiro[ Vivinii)-, in order to which he is obliged , during that time, to op. pole a'Bachellour of Diw/iiy twice, to keep one Dm- nitjf-Ad, (0 I’rcach once in intin, ai d once in En/fijh, before the Univerfity, after which he may be admitted to the faid Degree. To the taking the Degree of Dillor of Divinity, that the Party have been hive years BndiclloHr of Divinit) ; that he Oppofc Twice, and Refpond once in the Did- nify-Schools; that he Preach at St. Mirfs once in littin, and once in Englith. Moreover, he is obliged, under the Penalty of Forty Shillings, to propofe a ^uertion in the Publick Schools within a year after he has taken his faid Degree, and to Determine upon the fame. But thofe who are not 'Grmials, are difpenfed with by the Univerfity, from taking the Degree of Bachel- lour of Divinitji, and allow’d to Commence Doftor per faUrn ( as they call it ) perfoiming the above-men. tion’d Exercifes. Any one who makes ihecivU Liw his chief Study,from the time of his firft Admififion into the Univerfity, may be admitted to the Degree oiBauhdlor of Law at the end of Six years,provided he keep one Law Aft in the Pub- lick Schools, where he is to Anfwcr fuch Objeftioris as the Profelfor (hall urge againfl his <^ueftions. A Backelloiir of Arts may be admitted to the faid De- gtee in Four years after the taking of his Degree of Batektior of Arts, if he perform the like Exercife. After a Man has been Five years Batckllor of Larr, or Seven years MaSler of Arts, he may be DoHor of Law, provided he keep Two Law-Afts,and Oppofe once. No one can be Admitted Baichell.in Phyftck, till the 6th year afterhis Admiffion,and has kept one Ph)ificl(_-Al},n- (ponding to the Profelfor or fome other Doftor, and Op- pofed once. After which, if he keep Two PhJficJ(-AHt, and Oppofe once, he may Commence Doftor at the end of Five years. A Mailer of Arts muft flay Seven years, and perform the like Exercife, before he can be Admitted Of E N G L A N D. ' 737 admitced to the faid degree. The reafon of which (though not expreft in the Statutes) feems to be this, ii^.That they who take the degree of^Wr. of /4rfr,are not fuppofed to have applied thcmfelves much to tlie Study ot Pb)fick.< before the taking their faid Degree 5 and therefore ’tis reafonable they ftay longer before the liigheli degree in tliat Faculty, than they who have ta¬ ken a degree in it before, /k Exenifes performed every Term, are. Every Monitiy, 7wfhy, Widnefdity-, Thurfday and Fri¬ day, in Term-time, or at lead within a little after tlie beginning of the Term,there are Ph'ihfopMciil Difpm,timt in the Sopbijiers Schools, from One to Three in the Af¬ ternoon. Every Wednefday and Friday there are Publicl^Difputa- . tms in the Batchellors of Arts Schools, upon fome Phi- bfiphkal, or Political Quejlions , and Declamations in the fame place upon Saturdays, all performed by Senior BitMlours C i. e. 3 thofe of the Third year. Every Monday, Tuefday, Wednefday, and Tonrfday, be¬ tween the hours of 9 and i r in the Mor. ing, are held Philofophical Difputaiions, between a Maftcnnd kteheUmr of Arts, Every fecond Thmfday in Term is held a Publick 7” hiycal Difpmtm, in the Drtrn/r/-ScliooIs, from i to 4 in the Afternoon, between a Maflcr of Arts of fome confiderable (landing, who is Refpondent, and Tlirce others who oppofe him. The (ixth Tnmjday in every Term a Batchelbur ofi.or, or Majier of Arts, profeffing the Civil Lata, isobliged to keep a Lata-AU, Refponding to Two Opponents, Publick Difpytations in Pliyfick are performed in like manner the Ninth Thnrfday in every Term- Note , That befides thefe Exercifes required by Sta¬ tutes, there are feveral others performed after the fame manner, by thofe that cake degrees iu the feveral Fa- sulties, Nd I Sefides 73S E:i 3 e S>tate ■ Bcfides all this, there is Exercifc performed aery ■ dav in rerw-iiwe, cither by the Fellows, or the Scno- lars of every particular College in their rcfpcftivc Colleges.. Er'.'ercife performed at a FtiUkk Commencement. The fir(t d.iy C -t... Mrft Tu ‘(A'\ ill Tub ) is kept a by a Mhr in tha{ K.a-a/rv, who is oppofed by leveral Head- nf r-ai encs and of the fame Faculty, who are Grcmkb, the V::c-Ch.inallv, or the pegms Pnfeffu Moderating: which faid Dn'raimionr 11 in tlic morning-From i to 3 the fame day is kept 1 AuoM ah bv a AUfitr of Arts, tliofe of his own degree Sp him-Ftom 3 to 4 an Aft by a Dolhr o, I,nv,op. pofed bv fome other D.f/i-r of the lame Faculty- From 4 to 5 an Aft by a)>. 0 /F/mAI;, oppoled likewlfe by I'l is kept a Dii'iniy AH by a - From It to z a Phibfpliiml _ From 2 to 3 a Lia>-AH by •rom 3 to 4 a Vhfek-AH , by riicfc arc all oppofed by thofe n their Refpeitive Faculties, c is a .Viifidi-AH. c'liwbii./ge the Lcnt-Tn’m bcfins Arts, aud the.nj'/o)'! of, all Fa- Degrees Uefpeft'ively, and the I’.cir;. in Lent, beginning at Af’ of England: 739 - As to that part of Government in this Univerfity, whereby tliere is put a flop to Extravagant Living,} The Vice-Chancellor fometimes Vifits the Taverns, and otlier Publick Houfes in his own Perfon j but the Pro- ftors do it very frequentlyiand have power not oncly to Punilh Offending Scholars, by Pecuniary Mulfts, or carry them to the Tolbjuth at his Pleafure > but alfo to Pine all fuch Publick Houfes as Entertain Scholars at unfcafonable hours, that is, after 8 in Winter, or 9 in Summer: by which time they ought to be all in their refpeftive Colleges. For at thofe times the Gates are Lockt; and the Dean of each College Vifits every par¬ ticular Chamber in the fame , to fee if any Scholars be wanting, that there may be care taken both for Difeo- vering and Reforming all forts of Diforders. Cambridie lies in 51 Degrees, and 10 Minutes Nor¬ thern Latitude. Both thefe Univerfities are placed Two cafie days Journey from the Capital City of Lmdrni, and about the fame dillance from each o:hcr. Thefe are the Two Glorious Fountains of Learning, to the Fame whereof, Foreigners come on Pilgrimage to offer up Honour and Admiration > and yet even thefe had Lately been like to be dried up by the Over¬ heated Zeal of foine Ignorant Fanaticks. Thefe arc the Chiefell Store-houfes of Letter’d Men, which fend forth yearly a great nuruber of Divines, Ci¬ vilians, Phyficians, eirc. to Serve all parts ol this King¬ dom, Of the rejl of His Majejlies Kingdoms, and Dominions, &c. A Brief Account was intended to be given of all the reft of His Majeftics Kingdoms, Dominions, Countreys, Territories, Plantations, and Places, which be Referved for another Opportunity; only after a fliort Relation of the Two Ifiands of Jerfey and Gmn- fi), fhall follow a Catalogue of all the Governours Con- ftituted by His Majefty in Foreign Parts, together with all the Amballadors, Envoys, Refidents, ConfulS) and Agents, at this time Employed Abroad, N a a 940 pjEfcut State SJCotlanl). 3 After England, the Ancient Kingdom of Scntlani hath the Precedence , the Chief Gover- nour whereof, under His Majeffy , is the Lord H'tgh- Commijjimr nj Scotland, who, by that Tide, enjoys tlie Ordinary Power and Authority of a Vice-Koy, who is His Grace the Duke of Hamilton. The next is the Kingdom of 3 itslauS ; the Goiernot whereof was lately the Right Honourable Henry Vif- count SUney , who , by the Title of Lotil Lieutenant, was as Vice-Roy of heland ; but at prcl'ent this King¬ dom is managed by tlie Lord Juffices, wlio arc, the Lord Caf d , IVilliam Utmeomb, Efq; and Sir Cyil U'jch, Knight. Other Dominions belong to the King of Eng/.ind,which either for number of i'eople , or Large Extent, may as well deferve the Name of Kingdoms, as d'vers Coun¬ treys, which under the King of Ef.i/n, have long cn- }oyt(i that Title, as Ketv-England, Virgtm.t , Jamaica , &c, but our Kings h.ave never aifefted thofe Swelling Titles. 0/ Jerfey and Guernfey. T He next and ncarcfl are His Maieflies Two fmall Ifiands of yer/rj and O.wn!/;-;-, lying near the Coalt of Fiance, with two Lclier, Al.lcrr.c) andSrife, being the onely Remains of the Dukedom of Kornmndy, now in His Majcifics Pclftfrion ; in both of which generally, is flill retained the Hrcnc/iTcnguc. 'jfctftp. 1 7 ei/cy, the biggelf of the Two, tliough not above 50 Miles in Circumference ; is a moil Kertiie Soil, pioducing all kinds of Grain, and fcvcral forts of good Eruit, efpcciaily -pplcs, ofwliich thev make great quanriiics nt Cyder; 'tis well Stocked with Cattel, par- ticularlv Sliccp. furriilliing the Inhabitants with great ftote of I'ine Wool , whieli employs moft of the poor in making Stcckings, chiefly lent over into Fomcf, their n.-areft Market, His Maicliics Governour here, is that Experienced Souklier, '^'ir John Lanier , who did Rc- iide in C.tiUe-Eiirabeik, a flromt Cafllc,Seated on a Rock, rhich C-mimand;- the Harhewr. Here ofENGLA.ND, Here are Three Companies of Foot, the firft is the Govcrnours own, the other two arc Commanded by Ma. ;or Hmy Biadt , the Deputy Goveinour, and Captain Charles JHanm^ring, CttiU d^cicnimcnt.J For the civil Government of this Ifland, the Principal Officer next to the Gover- nour,isthc Sn EdarardCartoet-, and under him arc ujulliccs, or Jurats, who, with tlie Bayliff, Admi- niftcr jufiice, and Determine ^1 Caufes, and Contro- verfies, of above the value of loo Crowns; otlier Petty Matters arc decided by one of tho'c Juflices; they can Appeal to England to the King and Council; The bed: SeaciDthcrflmd.isSt./JntOine, belonging to Sir Edward Carteret. (Suernfet’. ] The Ifland of Cacm/iy, lying about lo Miles diriancc from the former, is well defended with Rocks, as thatalfo is, and is not much Icfsin Ipace, but is fomewhac inferiour in ciic Richnefs of tlie Soil, which hath this Rare Quality, that it nouriflies no Veno¬ mous Creature in it. Both of them arc fiirnill'.cd with great Variety of Fifli. Here are Ten Parilhes in the I- (land, the (irfl of which is Sc. Fcicr'i-Voti, which is a very Convenient and Safe Harbour for Shipping, along the Sides of the Peef, which is Curioully Paved , is the ufual Walk of the Inhabitants of the Town. One of the Pleafantefi Scats in the Ifland , is de Granges, be¬ longing to James Beauvoir, Efq; Another is St. Maries, belonging to Sir Edmond Andros, now Bayliffoi the I- fland , but the Ancient Seat is d' Anneville, belonging to Charles Andros, Efq;. The Right Honourable Chrillopber Lord Vifeount Hat~ (on is His Majeflies Gevernour here, who hath Three Foot Companies under his Command, the fird of which is ill's own, the other Two belonging to Cap¬ tain George Littleton the Deputy-Governour, and to his Lordfliip’s Brother, Captain Charles Hatton, The Government is, in all Refpefts, like that of Jer- jey, by a Bapliff, who is Sir Edmond Andros, and 12 ju- fticcs, or Jurats j they have alfo the fame Appeal to England, to the King and Council, Nd 2 74^ SC|)e gjefcnt ^tate Of His Majefties Territories in Amef/ea] Thefe are the Prefent GOVERNORS. ■ rirginh, MaryLtnd, Barbados, Jmdicit, Ltimitrd-Jflmdsi sViijjjchufit-B,ty,or Ketv-' England, Jdcw Hmijlsirs, Eirmndns, JIlldfin's-8.ty, Vew-fomd-Land, Ccttolina, Fenftlvama, Col. Fletcher. Sir Ediimd Andros, Col. Fran.Nkholfin. Col James Kendal. Sir iVilliam Beeson, KtJ Col. CliriJI, Codringlon, Sir V/illiam Phips. Samuel Allen, John Goddard. Captain James Knight', Governed by tlieirRe- fpeftive Proprietors, who have their D H- PVTIES, Prefidents, Ciiiefs, &c. in Eaji-InJta. PVrat, Sir JoJiali Child Baronet, Prclident. )Bombay, Sir John Wiborn, Deputy-Govetnour, ] On the Coaft of Gomandel. F Ort St. Georges, Elilm Tale Efq; Prcfidenc of all the Faftories on that Coaft, and of the Bay of Bengala, Haghly in the Bay^ JolmChartiocl^Zfq^ Agent, Ciffimiioian) Chief, 743 To thefe Places Perfons are fenc, > but as yet not known who will be Chief. : of ;e n g l a n d. spin- Cmtsn in China. Tonqiiin. J ■ ' In AFRICA: I N Africa his late Wajefty liath been pleafed to grant to the Kyal African Cempan), by, his Letters Patents, a Liberty of Trading all along , the Weftern Coafts thereof, from Cape Verde, in\ 14Degr. North Lat. to the Cape of Good Hope, 32 South Lac. with Prohibition to all others of his Subjefts Trading there ; the ,Re(i- dence of their Chief Agent is at Cape Coajl, where they have a lirong Caflle , or Fort. T amsassadovrs. : He Right Honourable the Lord Paget Their Maje. flies Ambaffadour at Conflantinople; ENFOTS Extraordinary. Alexander Stanhop, Efq; at Madrid, The Lord Dur^etey at the Hague. The Lord Lexington at Vienna. The Lord Oattomy at Turin. . Monfieur tf Hervait Baron d’ Heuninghen, in Suijferhnd. James CreOet Efq; tit Zell. Robert Ifo/ib’Efq,■ at BriiiTe/r. John Metlmn Elqi at Lisbon. RE SID EM tS. Sir Paul Ricaut at Hamborough. George Stepney Efq; at Drefden. SEC ret ARIES. Mr. Robhfon at Stocliholme, Mt, Greg it Copenhaguen. N n 4 CO M: 744 EOe gjcfent &tate CONSZ/LS. fAr. iarle at Liskn. Mr. Wi!icmbe at Cidi^. Mr. Pifk^er at GAllicia and ? Aftiires, 5 Mr. Gidfchatl at SevHly and], St, Lucat. * Mr. UerntitJIicAnt, Mr. ShAllet at Barcelm. Mr. Smith at the Canaries, Mr., Gayn at M.itAga. Thu.PAther Efq; at the Grojne. Mr. Lambert Blacl^^ell at legkrne. Mr. Kirhe it. Genoa. Mr. Chamberlain at Mejjina, Sir George Davies at Naples. Mr. FrankJand at St. Sebajiian. Mr. Moore at Cartagena. Mr. Broughton at Venice. r.{r. Paul at Zant and Corfu, Mr. Lndington at Tripoly, Mr. Bonenchi at Calari in Sardinia. Mr. Thomas Balder at Algiers. Mr. Goodruyn Agent and Conful-Gcneral at Turns. J Lift of the Foreign Miniflers at Pre- fent Rejiding in their MAJESTIES COURT. Spain. D On Emanuel de Cplonna, Ambaffador in Ordi¬ nary. Holland, The Hegr Van Citters, Ambaffador from the StaliF General, Portugal. Don Simon de Siur^a de Envoy Extraordinary from Portugal, d ENGLAND. 745 Denmarl^. Monfieut Alfelt, Envoy Extraordinary from t)ema>1{. Sweden. Baron Aevenierg,Envoy Extraordinary from Sweden. Bundenbnrgh. Monficur Dan^elmnn, Refidenc from the Eleftor of Brandenturih, Saviy, The Prefident, De la Teur^ Envoy Etttraordinary, iMnenbnrgh. Baron De Schut^, Envoy Extraordinary, Gema, Signore Carlo Ottine, Agent from theRepubl. of Genoa. Supplement. of fome tilings Added and Altered fince this Edi¬ tion was began to be Printed. D Ean of Ely, Dr. John Lamb, p, 133. Dean of Brijlol, Dr. George Royfe Provoft of Oriel College in Om», p. 133. Mnhard Schomberg,Dake of Schomberg, p. tSi. Charles Earl of Shrewsbury created Matquifs of Alton, and Duke of Shrewsbury. Thomas, Marquifs of Carmarthen, Created Duke of Lttds, p. 181. Eaiipf Bedford Created Marquifs of Tiwijloc\, and D.of Bedford, Earl oiDev...j]jifi Created Marquifs of ^farringran, and Duke of Devonfbtr, Earl of Clare CreatD Majquefs of Clare, and Duke of Vewcajlle. ^ John Earl of JHulgrave, Marquifs of Nor- mnby, p, 182. Dele * before Algernoon C.spfl E. 01 rm,;, p. l8a. HerrryWindfon Earl of Flfmouth, Hemy Staffird Earl of Stafford, James Booth Earl of Warrington, Vifeount Newport Created £. of Bradford in the Coun¬ ty of Salop. Lord Vifeount Sydney Created Earl of Rtmy, p. 183. iTilliam Stawel Lord Stawel. Charlet ' 74 ® 2C{)e pjcfcnt §)tate chitrles tori Butltr Biton of \Mon. Henyy Lord f/irbei't, Bitoo Hitbtrt of Chcybar)', Ji.i 84 . Burgefs for Niiv Windfor^Sic IVil/iam Scaivai,\a the room of mim Mdsrly Efq; deceafed, ' ?• i88 Knight of the Shire for Cambridge, Jelm Lord CutSy m the Room'of. Sir Z.fw/iw Bcnnet Bar. deccafed, ?. 189. Burgefs for Boi/min, the Honourable/vHjffjf Kotor, in the room of Sir Jilm Cutler dcccafcd, P. 190. Knight of the Shire for EjJix.Sir Charles Barrington, m the room of Sir Join lemot Honywood dcceafcd, p.193. Knight of the Shire ior huntingmjhire', John Proby E(Quire,in the room of the Honourable Robert Momtague, ^ . - P- « 9 V Knight of the Shire for Lanca[h}re , in the room rf Charles Lord Brandon Geyrard, now Earl of Macclesfield, p. 195. Burgefs for C/itfero, the Honourable FutonGerrard,m the room of AnthonyParfier E(q; dcceafcd, p. I 95 - Burgefs for Northampton Sir JuSinian Ifibam, in the room of Sir 77jo. Samuel deceafed, , p. 1 97‘. Burgefs for Bath, William Elathtvait Efq; m the room ofSirir/;fMmB.ijgi:f deceafed, p- 199 - Burgefs for St.Ediimdsbury, John Harvey Efq;, p. 2oi._ Burgefs for Worcefier, Charles Cox Efq; ■ in the roomot iny Lord Keeper Somers. . , P* Chaplain in Ordinary for Nov. Mr. Atieibury, p- The Honourable Peregrine Beriici Efq; .Vice-Clia-juhcr- lain to the King, in the Room of Sir John Gentleman Ufher of th.e Black Rod Pleorrood Shep-. herd, in the room of Sir Thomas T^pK^nceafed, p 232 s’Purfuivamt.the Fifth Uifc Gentleman, B/toa. Lion .... 1. Pagia^B. Lord Chief ]uflire -nFfct'>e ^rlof Abmgm, thernnm of the Lovelace fieccakd. I age nc. Principal Seocwry of State Charles Duke of Shrewsbpt- ry in the ro"" of Earl of Notingham, p. iipy ^'undersecretary to Sir John Trenchard,W. Hophjnsy in the roomof Mr. f'ernen, p. 24 d‘ Sir Edward Vfard, Kt. Attorney-General. Page 244^ Sir Henry Gold King’s Serjeant, in the room of Sir John Tremain deceafed. Mf- 7 ™ of ENGLAND; 747 Mr. John Pinh Painter and Gilder, p. 346. 1. 10. Captain of the Band of Pcnfioners, Iiis Grace the D. of Sr. Atbiwijin the room of the L. Lovelace dcceafed,p,i48. Gentlemen of the Band. Join Champanij, Efo,;' ^ C William Cwin,Efq; George Farrington, Efq; 1 ) George lluJfel,Gemlem3n James Gra/, ECqi . Harbinger, p.249. Jamei Terril, Elq-, ' JC .. Mrs. Afarj' Compton Bed-Chamber-Woman to the Queen in the room of Mrs. Agnes Vygh, lately Married, p. 266. Mrs. Mary Beri^/e/, Daughter to my Lord Durjley of Honour in the Room of Mrs. Compton, p.iCG. Pliyfician to his Royal Highnefs the Prince, Df. John Kadcliffe, in the Room of Sir Charles Scarborough decea- fed, P.ldj. Gentleman Waiter ro His Royal Highnefs, Mr. John Lnng, in the Room of Colonel John Webb, p. 27?. Mafler of the Horfe to His R. Highnefs, Edward Earl of Sandwich, in the room of the Earl of Denbigh, p. 173. Sir Samuel Ayres Juflice of the King’s Bench, in the room of Sir William Dolben deceafed, p. 278. Lords of the Treafury, Sidney Lord Godolphin, Sir he- phen Fox Knight, the Honourable Charles Mountague Efq; Sir William Trumbal Knight, John Smith Efq; p. 303. John Lord Vifeount Fits-haeding, oac of the Four Tel¬ lers of the Exchequer, in the room of Francis Fillers Efquire deceafed, p.?os. Charles Mountague Efq, Chancellor and Under-Treafurer of the Exchequer, Sheriffs for the Year 16'pq, B Erks, Sebajlian Lyford, Efq; Bedford,/ofjnEjfon, Efq; ^cks, John Shalcrojs, Efq; Cumberland, Henry Brougham, Efq; Chefhire, William Davenport Efq; Cornwall, William Williams, Efq;. Devon, Chriftopher Saveiy, Efq; Dorfet, Tho.CcopcrolSlKrbiirne, Ef^; Derby] 74? Pjefene ^tat^ Derby, I .. Mmi) of Mamn Eaton, Efqt . Ebor. Charles Tamkre^, Efq; Effcx, John Uoky, Efqi -Gloceft. Jhomas Stevens, Efq; Hartford, James Kead, Efq; Hereford, Tho. Fletcher of Laughton Hi^e, Efqi Kent, Edmari Davenport, Efq; Leicefter, JobnWilkitts, Efq; Lincoln, Sir John Terrrhjts. Monmouth, George Kemys, Efq; Northumberland, Tho. Cattartght, Efq; Norfolk, Sir Charles Adr^, Baronet. Nottingham, Tho. Neadigate, Efq; Oxon, Sir Sebastian Smith. Rmlmd,John Broome, Efq; Salop, Francis Prince, Efq; Somerfet, Robert Sjdrifin, Efq; Stafford, Richard Bagnal, Efq; Suffolk, William Coo^, Efq; Southampton, Anthony Sturt, Eiq; Surrey, Tho. Burroughs of Clapham, Efq; Suffex, John Cook, of Gorining, Efq; Warwick, Abraham Bracebridge, hlqii Worcefler, Edward Fartridge, Efq; Wilts, Sir William Pinfent, Baronet. WALES. Montgomery, Richard Owen, Efq; Denbigh, Humphry Kynajlon, Efq; Flint, Tnomas Hanmer, Efq; Anglefey, William Jones, Efq; Carnarvan, John Thomas, Efq; Merioneth, Owen Wynne, EfV Glamorgan, Richard Herbert, Efq; Brecknock, Edward Jones, Efq; Radnor, Tho. Griffith o( Hynoy, Efq; Carmarthen, Griffith Rice, Efq; Pembroke, John Edwards, Efq; Cardigan, David Lhyd, Efq; 749 p.?4o. of &N:GLAN D. Lords of the Admiralt}, The Honourable Edwnri R#/, Efqj Sir John Lomiher of Whiuhnven, Bar. Hinry Priellmn, Efq; Hiiert Auilin, Efq; . Sir Robert Rich, Knight. Sir George Rool^, Knijhc. Sir John HoMnn, Knigiic, pnge 428. John Smith of Iflemih Created Baronet, Clmferlkid^i fince) Duke of Sirem/iwy, Knighc of the Garter in the Room of the Duke of Hmiltm dc- ecafed. 7oiwB»ctwi!rt/j,Efq; Knighted Dec. a. 1698- Fleetwood Shepherd, Efq-,GentIeraan-Uflier 01 the Black Rod, Knighted April 1694. p. 487 * Lord Mayor of London for the year 1^94. 5 irl«»n#Wf,Knighr, r c- Vio.Dnrwin, Efq; Alderman 10 the room of Sir William Turner deceafed. c r.- „ jefepb Smart, Efq-, Alderman in the room of Sir Ben¬ jamin Thorowgood deceafed, P- Sir Tho. Abney, 7 sheriffs, h 590 * Sir William Hedges, f John Marquefs of Normanby, andL Charles lord motiaiDurfeley. * '-si Tm SCfjc iJiiefcnt &tatc A true and Terfel LIST of the Nm LIEUTENANCY, Amw Dom. i6f^. . 77;e QDmtes thofi of the Quorum: ne'<'the Nen> Memieri, Q. "T'He Right Honours- Sir Jereiti. Sambrnli Kt, . } bleSir IW//wn/f/i- S'tr Octbriel R.obe'tsKt. hiirli Kt. Lord Mayor. Sir Ediv. D.sbovciy Kr. Q. Sir Robert Cimn, Kr. Sir Ihomus ^ermn Kr. Q, Sir Patience iftrd, Kt. Sir Ra/ph Box Kt. . S bleSir IWZ/wn/fyi- hiirli Kt. Lord Mayor. Q. Sir Robert Clayton, Kr. Q. Sir Patience iftrd, Kt. Sir John Mur Kr. Sir William Pritchard Kt. Sir Robert Jeffereps Kt. Q. Sir Thotnat Stamp Kt. Q. Sir John Fleet Kt. ^ Sir Salaihiel Level Kt. Recorder. Sir Jrnat. Raymond Kt. Sir Samuel Daflrtvood Kt. Sir Ben'j. Ttiorotrgood Kt. Sir Thomas Kenfep. Kc. Q.’^Sir Thomas Line Kr. Q. Sir John Hmblan Kt. Q^ Sir Edward Clarl^ Kr. Q. Sir Humphrey Edwin Kr. Q, Sir Francis Chdd Kr. Sir Richard Levett Kt. Sir William Gore Kt. Q. Sir Thomas Cook Kr. Sir James Houblan Kr. Q. Sir Thomas Abney Kt. Q, Sir Wilbam Hedges Kr. *S\r Lhomas Halton Kr, .Sir John Mordant Kr. Sir Henry Aflihurli Kt. Sir Benjamin Newland Kt. Sir John Lethulier Kt. Sir Peter Vandeputt Kt. Sir William Ruffel Kt. Sir Jofeph Herne Kr, Sir Leonard Robinfon !{[• Chamberlain, Sir ii'illiam Schawen Kt, Sir John Foache Kt. Sir Stephen Evans Kt. ^ Sir Henry Furnifs Kt, Thomas Papillion Efo; Thomas Frederick_Efqp Thomas Wellerne Efq; Nathanael Tench Efq; Thomas [jingham Efq; Peter Houblan Efq; William Garret Elq; John Flavel Efq;Deputy Robert Whtttingham Efqi William Warren Efq; John Railey Efq;Deputy, Francis Gosfright Efq; JohnJobnfonFjq-, Samuel Powell Efq; James Deneti Efq; Dtp. J f.Scrivcn Efq; Deputy Daniel Allen Efq; Robert Raworth Efq; Francis /Iftoic Efq; Thomas Shaw Efq; William Faulkner Efq; James of ENGLAND. 7y> Hmi Hatley Efq; Col. Jaht Adams Efq; Whitchatt Efq; Charles chamberlain ifili Richard Aly E'q; . ' . John Kichdls Efq'; . Thsmas Co//!in.Efq; WHhuni ffay-ey^q-, Richard JJoare-Efqy James Smith Efq; Rich. Norilianfell Efqjf J,/.Smart Efq-,., d[ Peter Jay Efq; miliarn Haaker Efq; Arthur B.irron Efij; Peter Flayer Efq;Deputy //emy Cl.irl^ Efq; John Geneip Efq; Deputy! John Sawyer Efq; Jeffercy Jejfe-eys Efq; '■ Rhithanael HamsEfq) Wiliam String Efq; John Jey/}eKs,Efqi. John Eajl Efq-,. " Richard pierce Elq^ ■ Edmund Boulter Efqi' *ijahn A! i-f/ceEfq-.Dcputy. Edward Riidge Efq;’ ■. * Francis TifonEfq-, * Michael Godfrey Efq; Richard Biijlow Efq-,' * John ff.immand Efq; ifaac Houhlan Efq; - ■ ^ Gilbert f/c.ithcoti Efq; ■*eJahn:Gmy:E(q^ Henry Cirnijh Efq; George G-iodayEfqi' * J.ohn Morgan Efq; * Tham.ts Goddard Efqj George Bowne Efq; Thomas heath E(q; ^ Robert Foot Efq; *^Tnmas Cudden Efq; * Thomas Cuthbert Elq; Col. and Deputy. ^ Join Bic^ley Efq;Deputy. R.obert Hatton Efq; Co- Jq;id.,; - , Will'mm,^<}mn Efq; Dc- Jolm&um Efq; Joiis Bateman Efq; .’bXidisyiimilieroEfqy ’•*'ij^en Bud^ngtiain Efq;' rd^^niierSton)er Efq; f--r-Mt'chael Rolls Efq; * Edward CreJ/enor Efq; * William Coles Efq; Ricls^-d Toiing Efq; , ^ John Mountfort Efq; De« ' P“ty' ^ Arfh'ar.-.Shallet Efq; . ^ John .Shetbrook. EfqyDe-' puty."' ^ John Wiolfe Efq; ■ * Samuel Waldoe Efq; '-b Daniel Dorville Efq; * Richard Gwynn Efq; De¬ puty. • • ■ ^ Edw.trd Lemmon Efq; ^ John Gardiner Efq; ' John Lardell Efq; ^ Sa'nuelL'.cliEfq; * Bauholf Gracidiew Efq; Total iji. PJEfent &c. Dr.Woidri'.trd Pliyfick ProfcfTor ;ic Crefli.im-C'l!;ic, !'■ Dr* Geiri< Chancellor of \i'inrh:ilet. p, Cu. One of the Governours of the Chitrtct-Hr.ij;, tl.-; fenc Arch-B;(hop, in tlieroom of the laft, ERRATA. 5. Uiu Austin tli'&Monk ; lb a^i;ain,/. '^4.^.5, 1. 6. for )Sn[Aiill%it r.TUits)^. p. ii. for Perth, r. Penreth, line, fa: Bcjiifsi: r. Brlten. p. 39. laft line buc^j, r. humtfii.-p. 42. 1: 17. r. Cm'lp-jkwers. p. 81, 1. e^,'r-/Cinfenhg. p. no. /. ip lifter Hktrspclitp.n, begin a p. Tinifi- IfP T Fowkj. p., 240. /. ult. r. ilxnkrs. p. dfrp. 1. zfilKMer'u. p. 157. 1.22. r. frur. So jikewife 1. 26. p.22«P-:b-^r. Bterger. /. 24. and s;. r. Co'.Erles. p. 38:, de/e rSi-Vnd ij. p. 358./. lafl but cne, I', dmijlvy. p. 382, /. 32. after Old St)!e, add, Or Jul'm Amttnt, thi other o'jfeiped bj tkife iKl imJenhe Rj. rr.ifli Zike, it c.illtifhc New Br)% or 1. the l.ijt, r. fifth, p. 38.1, f. 37. r. Vniictm. Dtndeeim. p. 4C0./. 2. r. Sibilct, p.e,l6. I- 11 and lijbfor I’ijhunt, r. I’f. p. 442. 1. 34.' r.509._and/.-4T,'/'.'i(5ooo,''p. 595./. 29, r.Vencw. p. 53?.''/n6. r.fir London and Middlcfcx, p.612. I. 7. r. ClaUjimm. p. 692. /. 1. r. Carccret.' 1. i. Intuxerf.ti, p. 701./. 27. r. 2030 1. p. 703. df/e/. 10, 11, p. 731. /. i£. r. Government, p, 733. /. 21. r. Jio./cri;^. I. 27, r. .FINIS. / '7