WRITING PAPER Copying Presses, IPriting SrskH, Time Books, Note Paper, l CARDS, Seal Presses. 77 MAIDEN LANE, Betwnen William and GoM -trnctt Sell all articles in their line nt low prices, in quantities to suit buyers. Books made to pattern. Printing Executkd at Low Hates. Improved Mani- fold Letter Writers, by which letters and copies are written and copied at the same time. Croton Ink. Diaries and Daily Journals. Every variety of Account Books, Paper, Fancy and Staph Stationery, dc. Lewis Francis. Cyrus H. Loutrel. STATIONERS, PRINTERS AND BOOK BINDERS, 77 MAIDEN lANE, NEW-YOKK. ■""^rJL^Z^^r'l NEW-YORK. The Subscriber offers for sale a very superior stock of Ready-made Clothing and Furnishing' Goods, equal, if not superior, to any house in the trade. Citizens and Strangers are respectfully solicited to call and examine his as- sortment of Black Cloth, Dress and Frock Coats. BlacK and Colored Sacks, Sack Frocks, Cashmerette and Alpacca Coats, Fine Linen, Sier Sucker, and Pongee Coats. Business Coats of every description. Black and Colored Cassimeres, Fancy and White Drilling, and India Nankeen Pants. Bombazine, Black, and Colored Silk and Satin, White and Fancy Marseilles Vests. ALSO, Linen and Muslin Shirts, Merino and Silk Under Shirts and Drawers, GLOVES, HALF HOSE, Linen, Canabric, and Silk Handkerchiefs, &.c. Clothikg made to order in the best style, and sent to any part of the United States. Returning Californians fitted out at short notice, ready-made or to order, and the goods warranted to give satisfaction. Made to order in the best style, and according to the late REGULATIONS, HENRY L. FOSTER, 1 DENTAL SURGEON, lev BOXVEjrtY, Between Broome and Delancey Streets, NEW- YORK, Still attends to the practice of his profession as heretofore. The object of inserting Artificial Teeth is to supply the deficieiifv occasioned by the loss of natural teeth, both in re- gard to utility, comfort in wearing, and natural appearance ; in all these points Dr. B.'s manner is pre-eminent. His mechan- ical tact and ingenuity have enabled him to suriuoimt many obtitacles which liave long, with the profession generally, im- peded the path to success in every operation. He makes use of the best materials in all his operations, and in cases where the gum has fallen away by absorption, (which is always the case, more or less, when teetli have been extracted,) which causes a contraction of the lips and cheeks, the disfigurement of which cannot be fully obviated without adopting the Artificial Gums, which will supply the deficiency, and give the mouth its usual rotun- dity ; besides, their beauty and natural appearance render detection impossible. DP XT I=» Li I S H ES , ii iiiii^if lilt e iiif^f ilia GEORGE KEARSING, mm MM gs^sjniEa mma, A TINU ASSOKTMENT OF TESTII. -49 LISPENARD-STREET, NEVT-YOnE. lEx ffiibrtB SEYMOUR DURST When you leave, please leave this book Because it has been said "Ever thing comes t' him who waits Except a loaned book." THE CITIZEN AND STRANGERS' NEW-YORK : CHARLES SPALDING & Co., PUBLISHERS, 307 *. 333 BKOADWAY. Entered, according to the Act of Congress, iu the year 1853, by S. BROWN AND C SPALDING, Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New- York. PnEP ACE, The Exhibition of the Inddstrt of Nations at the World's Fair of 1853, is the occasion of this volume, which contains the Jirst Pictorial and Business Directory ever published in New-Yorls. It is the fixed intention of the publishers that it shall not ^ he the lust, iuasmuch as-they propose to themselves the task, laborious as it is, of making < this work an Annual. With the experience accjuii-ed in the preparation of the first < voluunie, they confidently expect to produce its successor in 1854 in a style of artistic \ beauty far excelling the present number. Perfect uniformity in the alteniation of Pic- | torial and Letler-press pages will be more easily attained in all the subsequent volumes S than in the first, as our subscribers hereafter will be better prepared witli illustrations. J During the present season the expense of wood cut embellishments, and the difficulty of 5 ^ obtaining them on any terms, has been a source of embarrassment which will probably t > pass away with the Fair which has produced it. In fact so great is the amount of artistic < < talent culled into the market by the Industrial Exhibition and its accessories, that the i \ expense of this kind of labor will be sensibly diminished in succeeding years, notwith- | ^ standing the expensive precedents now established. The truth of these remarks will be < ? evident when we state, that the best engravings in this work cost as high as forty and s ? fifty dollars each, whereas the half of those sums will pay for equally labored embellish- \ < ments " after the Fair." Our second volume therefore, we intend shall gratify the taste S \ of the most critical of our subscribers. Instead of enhancing the price of advertise- \ < ments, we intend to increase the number of advei-tising pages, thus securing to ourselves ? I a reasonable reward for our labor, and rendering the work more useful to purchasers as i '( well as advertisers. At the expiration of the present year our advertising friends will < \ be allowed their choice of position in the second volume, before canvassing among other < 5 parties, with the exception of such as have been unable to obtain engravings in season < \ for the first Tolume, who will be ranked, as to preference, among actual advertisers this < 't year. \ 5 The Pictorials of this work are admirably fitted to be need as Bill Heads, and em- \ S bellishments of business letters, and as such will be largely increased in our future \ \ volumes. The cost of inseition in our pages is acknowledged to be very moderate, < \ scarcely compensating the editorial and canvassing labors of the enterprise. But the \ \ partners are contented with moderate compensation, and are resolved to regard the \ • success rather than the emoluments of the work. > i It will be seen that more than two-fifths of the present volume consists of impaid 5 > matter introduced for the purpose of securing an extensive circulation of the work ; \ \ and this feature of the publication w ill distinguish every ftiture number The description I I of the Croton A(iueduct and its embellishments are of this character, together with all i 5 the pages which relate to Educational, Ecclesiastical, Statistical and other general < < subjects. < \ As the Publishers pledge themselves to sell the work at a very small advance upon j the cost, tlicir advertising friends are requested to promote the interest of all parties by ; purchasing a few numbers of the first edition, to be sold at their own counters, or pre- \ sented to their distant friends and customers, as this will assist the publishers in < multiplying the copies of the second edition, and facilitating its issue. $ ^ CHAS. SPALDRJG & Co. | { July Ist, 1853. 307 Broadway, New- York. ^ CITY OF NEW YORK.^ \ This commercial metropolis of the Western Hemisphere is now the j second maratime city in the world. London only bears away fi-om it the ; palm of commercial activity and importance. Neither Canton, nor St. Pe- < tersburgh, nor Constantinople, cherished by imperial munificence and power, I can boast, in their harbors, of an equal display of shipping impelled by ^ steam and wind, to every port in the habitable world. Nor do they, I plunge more fearlessly among the ices of the poles, under the noble influen- ^ 5 ces of the sentiments of humanity. I < New-York now contains, independently of its populous en\-irons, more S ( than half a million of inhabitants. 5 > Of these more than one-hundred-thousand are constantly at domestic ser- 5 I vice. If the entire property of the city were equally shared by its inhabi- \ i tants, each indi\ndual would have $354. They who have more than this > 5 should be regarded as rich, and those who have less are comparatively poor, i I for wealth and poverty are but correlative terms in spite of all our pride, ^ ? and all our humility. Riches can never be a universal inheritance, except- i < mg in a world where nothing is truly possessed until it be charitably imparted. I > Such, unfortunately, is not the present condition of the mercantile, any t > more than of the political metropolis of the United States. The master pas- I ' sion of New- York city is the love of wealth ; which is prevented from de- ] i generating into avarice only by an antagonistic passion, which is a love of I ^ display. Both these passions are largely gratified. New- York has many s I rich men, many princely palaces, many magnificent stores, many dashing i i equipages. There are spans which ten-thousand dollars could not buy; > I hotels, dwellings and stores, which are estimated by hundreds of thousands' 5 I and other buUdings, of which the cost is computed by millions. Its harbor is \ j unrivalled for both capacity and safety. Its enterprise spans the earth, l ^ traverses the air, and fathoms the sea. New- York is the business-heart of l > the nation ; the vital centre of its commercial organism. Canals, rivers, rail- j roads, ships, electric wires, are the vascular conduits of its circulating sys- \ { tern. And shall New-York cease to grow, and condense and flourish, so ' ; long as all these " orffan pipes " shall bring to its storehouses the ffolden, i < music of the world ! \ I There are in the city of New-York, about 4,200 Grocers, 1,700 Porter I j Houses, 1,300 Lawyers, 500 Brokers, 900 Physicians, 300 Magazines and i i Newspapers. i " Wliaf B in a same 1 That which we call a rose, "By any other name, would smell as sweet." Shakspeare. And yet, in spite of the authority of one of the world's greatest poets, there is some- thing in a name, after all. The justly celebrated Hotel situated at the North West cor- ner of the Park, in the city of New-York, takes its title from the acknowledged Corypheus of the prose literature of his country. Washington Irving, although himself childless, has many namesakes in Europe and America, among which the Irving House, cut from imperishable granite, stands pre- eminent. It is bounded on three sides by Broadway, Chambers and Read-street, hav- ing in full view the Park with its Fountain throwing the "Maid of the Mist" to the height of more than sixty feet ; — the City Hall — the Hall of Records, and other public Edifices; — and, "though last, not least," Stewart's marble store, facing the entire front of the Hotel on its Broadway aspect. Thus eligibly situated, in the very center of the business part of the American me- tropoh's, the Irving House enjoys its full share of the patronage of the travelling com- mtmity from both hemispheres. Here it was that the Swedish Nightingale first plumed her wings for her flight over the western continent; and tuned her notes to enrfiptnre the New World after having entranced the Old. Here too the Orator of Hungary spread his arms, for the first time, to embrace on theii" own soil, the native sons of Republican Liberty ! Who shall say, then, that William H. Burroughs, Esq. the accomplished proprietor of this House, as successor to the celebrated Howard, has not every prestige of success that his talents and ambition can require ! Having purchased the establishment at an outlay of $120,000, and finding more than 400 rooms adapted to its purposes, Mr. Bur- roughs removed from the Franklin House in Philadelphia, during the last year, to his new scene of action, where he meets with all the success which his fondest hopes had promised. He would not wish us to say that he stands unrivalled in his profess- ion ; but he evidently convinces his friends that he stands unsurpassed. Editor. 13 Of all the New and Choice Styles of ^9 ADAPTED TO THE SEASONS, (tO WHICH THEY ARE MAKING ADDITIONS BY THE ARRIVAL OF EUROPEAN STEAMERS,) CONSISTING IN PART OF Black Silks, all qualities and Mantillas. widths. Grloves. Plain Poult de Soies. Mitts. High Colored do. Cravats. Brocade, Plaid, & Striped do. Trimming and Cap Ribbons. New designs and styles of Bonnet, Neck, and Sash " Paris de Laines. Taffeta and Satin " Stuff Groods. Pringes and Gimps. Merinoes. White and Lace Groods. Coburgs. Embroideries. Bombazines. Irish Linens. Shawls. Damasks, &c. &c. &c. To which they would invite the attention of Cash and approved Credit buyers. 15 COLEMAI^ & STETSON, PROPRIETORS 33 3F1. O ^ 3E> ^ BETWEEN BARCLAY AND VESEY STREETS. This noble file-leader of the first>rate Hotels of the Metropolis, built by the late John Jacob Astor as an omanaent to the city, and as a house of elegant entertainment for the travelling community, is faintly represented on the opposite page. Such a structure, erected nearly twenty years ago, was, at that time, a princely expression of kind regard for a city which had presented him an oppon-tunity of amassing the largest private fortune then possessed by any single individual in the United States, not excepting Stephen Girard, his great rival in Philadelphia. The ASTOR is built of solid granite, on three streets, viz. Broadway, Barclay and Vesey-street, with an open area in the centre, in which its pre- sent enterprising proprietors, Messrs. COLMAN & STETSON, have recently erected, of iron and glass, an oval Saloon, eighty feet in length, and more than forty in breadth, denominated the " ASTOR HOUSE EXCHANGE." The design of this elegant Hall is to afford an opportunity to merchants, travellers, and others from all parts of the world, to meet at any and all hours of the day ?nd evening, for purposes of business intercourse and friendly salutations. This Saloon is ornamented with frescoes, by Italian artists, of the most tasteful patterns, adorned with chandeliers and other suitable appurtenances, and used as the principal business-office of the establishment. But this Exchange-Saloon is by no means the only or the greatest charm of the Astor House. For centi'al position, as regards the mercantile and travelling community, the intersection of the principal avenues of the city, proximity to the Courts, the Post-office, the Banks, the Custom House, the Steam-boat Docks and Railroads, this Ho'-'3l stands unsurpassed. Add to all these important advantages its .orous, attentive and accomplished Hosts ; its position on the City -Hah Park, opposite to the largest CVoton Fountain in the city ; its long-established reputation and success ; and we have a constellation of bright attractions which keep it fiill, to overflowng, of distinguished guests fi-om every State of the Union, and every nation of the earth. In spite of the upward march of improvement in the city, the Astor House should remain unmolested as long as the proprietors of the surrounding estates desire to preserve their present enormous rentals ; for, successfiil wholesale houses can flourish only in the neighborhood of the best Hotels. Let the owners of property in the region of the City-Hall Park remember this whenever they contemplate the rash experiment of converting the Astor, American, and Irving-house into stores. Ed. 17 ■WAnSHOUSB, -STREET, JVeW' JTork, Exclnsive Mannfactnrers, nnder Goodyear's Patent of O O 3HE 3E XV OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS, VIZ : COATS, CLOAKS, CAPES, CAPS, LEGGINS, OVERALLS, Carriage Cloths, Hospital Sheeting, JTIelodeon Cloths, Printed Piano-Forte, Table and Stand Covers, TARPAULINS, HOSE, WATER PAILS, HOP^!: COVERS, TOGETHEE WITH ALL KINDS OF WATERPKOOF AND AIR-TIGHT GOODS IN USE. WHOLESALE DEALERS IN BOOTS, SHOES, TOYS, WHIPS, MACHINE BELTid, F. M. Shepard, D. Wilson, TREASURER AND SECRETARY. PRESIDENT. 19 KNOX & JAMES, HATTERS, FRESCOTT HOUSE, Opposite the Collarmore House. ^STcto^lTorft. All articles usual to the Trade, of the best quality, aud of every descnption. K & J make the Hat an embodiment of Ideal beauty, and adapt it to the expression of ' each customer. ERECTED AND KEPT BY CAPTAIN ALBERT DEGROOT. For twenty years a popular Commander of Hudson River Steamers. This Hotel, now nearly completed, and to be furnished in the most ^ gorgeous and costly style, is undoubtedly the model establishment of its i kind in the United States, and probably in the world. > It stands at the Northwest corner of Broadway and Spring-street, oppo- > site to both the Collamore House and the St. Nicholas Hotel ; and will cost i the Proprietor, with its fixtures, the sum of $250,000. Its capacity will 5 accommodate 250 persons, or one person to each thousand dollars of the | original expenditure. The rent and use of furniture will average to each of I its inmates the sum of §100 per annum only, notwithstanding its unrivalled ^ architectural splendor. The building is heated throughout its seven stories > with steam, by means of an engine worked in one of its basement apart- ; ments. This engine can also force water to any required height in the ^ upper stories, above the point of hydrostatic pressure, by the Distributing > Reservoir. i Its entrance Hall from Broadway is truly an astonishing product of ar- ^ tistic genius. The ceiling, after the Elizabethan style of architecture, is <, perfectly enchanting ; and the floor, together with that of all parts of the i same story of the edifice, to an extent of 6000 feet, is composed of colored ^ porcelain, after the magnificent patterns exhibited ui another part of this ^ work, at an expence of §10,000. This flooring alone renders the house an ^ object of absorbing curiosity. The principal staircase is of solid iron, i elegantly ornamented, extending from the main floor to the top of the edifice, ^ after a method never before attempted in the United States. Elegant ^ paintings adorn the panels of the main vestibule, and also the w^alls of the < Dining Hall. These latter are of subjects intimately related to the I gastronomic uses of the apartment. All the architectural adornments of 5 the first two stories are elegantly painted and gilded in the most costly | style. The Bathing and Hair Dressing Saloon alone cost ^15,000. 5 Of the fiirniture and other appurtenances of this magnificent hotel we have not room to speak, nor need the travelling public any testimonials in relation to the kind urbanity of Captain Degroot towards all those who sub- mit themselves to his care, either on the water or the land. The Prescott House is admirably calculated to become the pet Hotel of the Metropolis, until some daring adventurer shall expend more money and more good taste than Captain Degroot has so unsparingly lavished on this elegant establishment. Editor. 21 o 14 o s:: ^ «=> e ^ as w i o o !Z2 Eh 4i e fa 2? THE FULFILMEIT OF A REMARKABLE PROPHECY. When the great American painter, Benjamin West, was a student at Rome, in 17G0 it hapjiened one evening, as he was conversing with the celebrated Gavin Hamilton, in the British Coffee House, that an old and venerable looking man, with a long flowing beard, and a harp in his hand, entered and ofl'ered his services as an improvisatore bard. "Here is an American," said Hamilton, "come to study the Fine Arts at Rome; take him for your theme; and it is a magnificent one." The minstrel, casting a glance at West, commenced his song. " I behold in this youth an instrument chosen by Heaven to create in his native country a taste (or those arts which have elevated the nature of man — an assurance that his land will be the refuge of science and knowledge, when in the old age of Europe, they shall have forsaken her shores. All things of Heavenly origin move westward, and truth and art have their periods of light and darkness. Rejoice, O Rome! for thy spirit immortal and undecayed now spreads towards a new world, where, like the soul of man in Paradise, it will be perfected more and more." How rapidly is this remarkable prediction being fulfilled ! It has been the good fortune of our countiy to inherit from the older and more accomplished nations of Eu- rope the richest legacy ever left to any people — the experience, researches, and fruits of accumulated ages. Our libraries and cabinets abound with the finished creations of intellectual and artistic beauty. We are furnished with the careiul studies and elabo- rately finished models of the genius of all ages. We have the experience of successive generations in the arts and sciences, and the literature of antiquity is presented to us abundantly in the cheapest and most captivating forms. Possessed of so varied and mighty an inheritance, if we do not outstrip the cations Jiat have gone before us, we shall justly be deemed recreant to the beneficence of Providence and the just expecta tidns of the world. We have been led to these reflections mainly by a careful examination and com- parison of Dr. Spooner's resuscitation of Boydell's world renowned illustrations of Shakspear, which originally cost the enoi-mous sum of £1,000,000. Boydell would actually be ashamed of the old work, could he rise from the dead and behold this new edition. It must be seen to be appreciated, and we should suppose that every gentle- man of fortune and taste would possess himself of so instructive, amusing, and magnifi- cent a work. Dr. Spooner is not only a ripe scholar, but a distinguished connoisseur and lover of the Fiue Arts. He has just published his great Dictionary of Painters, En- gravers, Sculptors, and Architects, containing the whole cream of the Histoi-y of the Fine Arts from the time of Da;dalus, B. C. 1280, down to the middle of the 19lh, century — a work showing the most profound research, a life time of toil, and unwearied dili- gence. Persons wishing to examine or procure these great works, will find them at No. 16 Greenwich-street, New-York. Editor. 23 > Manufacturer of Premium INCORRUPTIBLE TEETH, 9 LEROY PLACE, (bleecker-street,) Hi J. A. keeps constantly on hand a full supply of Gold and Tin Foil, Emery Wheels, Instruments, Dental Chairs, &c. &;c. He would also inform those who set teeth on Dr. J. Allen's or Dr. Hunter's plan, that they will find at his establishment, or at any of his agents^, a full assortment of Teeth, suitable for that style of work, which, for beauty and natural appearance caiuiot be surpassed, 24 The manufacture of incorruptible, artificial, mineral substitutes for the natural teeth of man, when lost by disease or accident, is one of those branches of the use- ful arts in which American genius, industry and perseverance have clearly out-rivaled European competition. It is believed that artificial teeth manufactured from ivory, bone, pearl, and even gold, were not wholly unknown to some of the nations of antiquity ; but there is no evidence that the Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks or Romans, among all their refine- ments of luxury, ever produced incorruptible mineral substitutes for natural human teeth, capable, not only of fulfilling all the purposes of use and ornament, but of re- sisting the action of all ordinary temperatures, every knoviTi acid, and even the cor- rosive tooth of Time. Tliere can be no doubt that if teeth like those of American manufacture at this day, had been buried in the ruins of Balbec, Thebes or Pompeii, their texture would have remained unchanged, and their beauty unimpaired, to the present time. Of all this class of American teeth manufactured from imperishable materials, those of Dr. Alcock, of New- York City, are among the strongest and most indestruc- tible. Another reason of his great success in this manufacture, is to be found in the perfect order which he has perpetually maintained in the arrangement of his teeth, as to shades, sorts, forms and sizes ; imparting to his establishment a peculiar charm, which, in the opinion of many Dentists, is irresistable. Add to all these things his perfect urbanity of manner and gentleness of bearing, and we have some of the rea- sons of his steady and uninterrupted success and prosperity. In regard to the secret springs which impart an impulse to this branch of trade that has already enriched several enterprising houses in this country, it is necessary only to know that Artificial Teeth commend themselves strongly to civilized man by two powerful considerations — usefulness and ornament : and furthermore, that the market of the whole world, is mainly supplied from the cities of New-York and Phil- adelphia. The manufacturers have agents, mostly Apothecaries and Dentists, in all the civilized countries of the earth. From these numerous depositories come, in si- lent streams, sometimes of ■silver and sometimes of gold, a portion of that constantly accumulating wealth which builds our cities, fortifies our commerce, and establishes our liberties. ■ Nor is there any draw-back in this trade, for raw material ; for nearly all this is furnished at home. Of its amount, both at home and abroad, we have no certain knowledge ; but if we suppose the number of Dentists who use Amer- ican teeth, to be four thousand, which is a moderate estimate, and that each of them uses one tooth per day, on an average, at a prime cost of 20 cents, which is an esti- mate equally moderate, we have an aggregate of $240,000 per annum. Ed . THEOL GEORGE WOOD, (SUCCESSOR TO G. W. WHITE.) it iiiiiwiii^sfiiif . 3 Corner of Robinson. Hats, Caps, Furs, Umbrellas, Fancy Goods, &c. &c. at Wholesale. Country Merchants supplied on the most liberal terms. 26 ISM A RUBBER GOODS. We have now in store, and offer for sale at the lowest rates, all the leading styles of India Rubber Goods, among which are lEGGINS, SOU' WESTERS, CLOAKS, CLOTHS, HOSPITAL SHEETINGS, Mmm mmm, TABLE AND PIANO COVERS, HOSE. MACHINE ^BELTING, Jlife ^ire^ei^belr^, &c. JILT H O IL. E! S -A- 1_. E! , Of our own and other approved makers. (Successors to H. H. Day,) Exclusive Selling Agents of the Congress Mk Confipanf, And prepared with a full stock of the various colors of the material to supply the Shoe trade with webbing, suitable for the manufacture of the popular Congress Boot, at 23 COURTLANDT-STREET, NEW- YORK. 27 Wx. Jo WHOLESALE AND RETAIL CHEAP BOOT MD SiOB 8T0R1, Where he intends to transact the Boot and Shoe Business in all its branches, and having well satisfied himself that the public are ever anxious to ascertain where they can procure the neatest and most substantial articles for the smallest amount of mo- ney, takes this method to announce to his friends and the public generally, that he is now prepared to supply them with Gent's, Boys', Youths', Ladies', Misses' and Children's Boots and Shoes. 28 PBilT, WOODFORD & 60. Booksellers & Stationers, 4 CORTLANDT-STREET, PUBLISH THE FOLLOWING VALUABLE SCHOOL BOOKS, VIZ- Bullion's English, ]tatin and Greek G-rammars. Bullion's Caesar, Cicero, Sallust, 6lc. Cooper's Virgil, Spencer, Latin Lessons. Comstock's ITatural Philosophy, Chemistry, Botany, Geology, XWCineralogy, IVatural History. Olney's Geographies and Outline Maps. The Student's Readers, by J. S. Denman ; also, The Student's Speller, forming the best Educational Series eztant. Professor Bodd's Arithmetics and Algebra. Brocklesby's ZMEeteorology, and Views of the IMicros- copic World. Palmer's Common School Book Keeping. Gallaudet's Family and School Bictionary, &c. &c. The sale of the ahove works is immense, and many of them are the most popular books of the age in the branches to which they relate. Any educa- tors who have not seen them are requested to obtain copies for examination. P., W, & Co. are prepared to supply country merchants, and others, with School and Miscellaneous Books, Blank Books, Paper and Stationery, at the lowest rates, and to give prompt attention to orders in their line of trade. 29 By liCtters Patent, secured 1§49, iu the lJuitcd States, Austria, England, France, Prussia and Belgium. J, L. PULVERMACHER'S HYDRO ELECTRIC VOLTAIC CHAINS. Pulveimacher's Hydro-Electric Voltaic Chains, constructed to be wora under the gar- ments, are the most wonderful discovery in medicine and electricity of the present day. They relieve, without pain or shock, instantaneously, acute nervous pains, tic doloroux, &c., and by its mild but continuous and perceptible action on the body, diseases of years' standing, such as gout, local paralysis, nervous complaints, liver diseases, &c. disappear as if by a miracle. They precipitate metals from their solutions, decompose water, deflect the magnetic needle; m short, show all the phenomena of a powerful voltaic pile. The instruments producing these eflects weigh about two ounces, can be folded up in a pocket-book, are always ready for instantaneous use, and will last a man his lifetime, guarding himself, family and friends, &c. against that number of diseases and complaints in which mild streaming electricity is a perfectly safe, certain, and wonderful speedy remedy. The price of a complete chain is from $1 to $5 ; batteries, $10 to $22 50. Incredible as may seem the above facts, any person can easily convince himself beforehand, at the depot, of their truth. The importance of the invention has been acknowledged in America by the Academy of Medicine of New York, and the chains have been applied with great success in the medical colleges, the City, Bellevue, and Ward's Island Hospitals, Brooklyn City Hospital, &c. in Europe, by the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons in London; by the Academic Nationale de Medeciu at Paris ; by the Imperial faculty at Vienna ; by the Royal faculty at Berlin, and other scientific institutions of the highest order, including the principle hospitals in Europe. The proprietors are in possession of testimonials to the same effect from all of the above in.stitutions in America and Europe, as well as of the most eminent and distinguished members of the profession in both hemispheres, and invite the public to examine them. Full and illustrated descriptions — one for personal use and one for scientific men — with copies of testimonials and a number of cases cured iu New- York and Europe, may be obtained, gratis, at the office. They will be forwarded, free of postage, to any part of the United States, in answer to prepaid inquiries, containing three cents postage stamps. J. STEIN ERT, No. 568 Broadway, corner of Prince-street. 30 HYDRO-ELECTRIC VOLTAIC CHAINS. The "Touch etherial" hj which an English Poet represents certain fortunate indi- viduals as being "slain," is nothing more nor less than that peculiar manifestation of electric energy known as Lightning. This term lightning predicated of phenomena pre- sented to the sense of sight, does not, by any means, express the most important qual- ities of that potent agency in nature, denominated Magnetism, Galvanism or Electri- city. It is said only figuratively, that it touches man, whereas we know positively that it addresses itself to man's sense of touch with the most energetic demonstrations of its power. These manifestations of Electricity to man's physical sensoria, are the result of interruptions in the circulation of this subtle fluid through material nature. When its course is uninteiTupted, it moves as quietly, silently and imperceptibly as in the nervous system of man's animal body, where its effects are the ultimate phe- nomena of life, sensation and motion, without the slightest indication of its presence to man's senses. Nor do the terms Galvanism, Voltaism and Magnetism, express the qualities of this agency. The two former are derived from philosopher-s who have discovered new modes of its developement; and the latter simply indicates its ac- tion on magnetic steel. It is our purpose to present to the public one of its positive and unquestionable properties imparted to it by God himself for the benefit of man; that of Ccrxng Disease. The Electro-motive element in matter has undoubtedly many other valuable properties indispensible to the order of nature : but its Curativk Powers are what we come to present. Philosophers have discovered that, as electricity in passing through the earth and its atmosphere, not only restores its own equilibrium, but accelerates vegetation, ignites the combustible elements of volcanoes and earth- quakes, and contributes essentially to the healthy condition of the air ; so also, it has long been known, that the same subtle agent pervades in like manner the human or- ganism ; and in addition to regulating all its activities, affects materially its states of healthfulness and disease. Acting in accordance with these known facts. Doctor Pul- vermacher, of Germany, Professor of Physics, set himself the task of solving the prob- lem of inventing the host apparatus for applying electricity to the treatment of disease. The happy result of these efforts is now presented to the world iu' the Hydro Elec- tro Voltaic Chain, composed of an ingeneous combination of Copper, Zinc and a porous substance moistened with diluted acetic acid, or vinegar, if required in action. This invention comes to us amply recommended by Medical Colleges and professors both in Europe and America. Descriptive pamphlets, explanatory of the whole subject, can be obtained at the ofiBce of the American agent, Mr. Steinert, corner of Broadway and Piince-street, New-York, where the chains of all sizes are kept constantly for sale. No more of cramps and aches let men complain, While Steinert sells the pain-destroying chain. Editob. 31 BOWEIN & MCNAMEE, IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 112 and 114 BROADWAY, New-York, Would respectfully call the attention of Merchants generally to their rery extensive assortment of French, German, English, Italian and India Silk and Fancy 1^1^ Goods. The following comprise some of the principle articles in our Spring stock, viz : in Dress Goods, Silks of every description, Plain and Printed De Laiues, Cashmere, Bareges, Jaco- nets, Lawns, Prints, Ginghams, &c. &c. In Shawls, Plain and Embroidered Crape, Broche, Indoux, Barege, and Printed Shawls of all kinds. Rib- bons, and other Millinery Goods, I a complete assortment. White Goods, Liaces and Fmbroid- eries of every description. Also, Hosiery and GIoTCS, a large and complete assortment of all qualities, all of which we offer at the LOWEST PRICES, either for cash or approved credit. AND No. 7 BROAD-STREET, [Tkee doors from Wall-street] NEW-YORK. L.ITHOGRAPHIC. MAPS. BILLS OF EXCHANGE. NOTES. DRAFTS. CERTIFICATES. BILLS OF LADING. BILL HEADS. CIRCULARS. DRAWING OF STORES, MANUFACTORIES, &c. CHECKS. LABELS. Plain and Fancy Job Printing of every Description. BOOKS. liETTER-PRESS. CARDS. PAMPHLETS. HANDBILLS. BILL HEADS. CHECKS. CIRCULARS. BILLS OF LADING. LABELS. CERTIFICATES. POLICIES OF INSURANCE. RECEIPTS. CONSTITUTIONS AND BY-LAWS. MERCANTLLE AND LAW BLANKS, Corner of John, HB^-YOHS. | Would call tlie attention of Purcliasers of Gentlemen's Furnish- I ing Goods to th-cix complete Stock, which, will be found, upon ex- I amination, to be the most perfect of its kind in this city. Our | Imported Goods are selected by one of the firm, resident in Europe, < who forwards, by every steamer, whatever new and fashionable < makes its appearance in London and Paris. His experience and | good taste in selections ensures to our customers the latest and most | desirable goods. Our reputation, as manufacturers, (being the oldest ; in this business in this city,) is already well established, as we give 1 our personal attention and supervision to all articles manufactured t and sold by us. Our assortment of imported goods, which are | selected in England, France, Germany, and Switzerland, consist, in > part, of Hosiery, Gloves, Suspenders, Cravats, Scarfs, &c. In calling | attention to our manufactured articles, which consist of every descrip- | tion of Stocks, Ties, CoUars, Dressing Gowns, &c. we would par- | ticularly mention our Patent Shirts, in Cotton and Linen, in every | variety, which, for beauty of style and fit are unrivalled. The \ greatest care will be given in the selection of goods to fiU all orders, | that may be entrusted to us, firom customers at a distance from the | city. 35 } I MOULTOI, PLIMPTON, WILLIAMS, & Co,, Importers anij lobbers of AT NETT CASH PRICES, Time granted by adding interest for Approved ITotes, payable at Bank. PRICES UNIFORM AID UKDEVIATING. stock divided into " I>IiPARTnXZiI7TS," with a nXanager at the head of each. COMMUNICATING 'WITH '9 Directly in rear of the } 'jH-^rr, Astor House. \ jEfffi-'^Iirlt. GARDNER, GREENE & CO. 12 VESEY-STREET, communicating with 6 BARCLAY-STREET, Directly in the rear of the > Vrtrh AstorHouae. j i.\CW XUI n. 37 xiKOVLTOir, FLinaPTon', wziiLIA3m;s 6i. co. See three preceding pages. This firm was formerly the house of Tweedy, Moulton &; Plimpton, and ? before that, Tweedy, Magin & Co. and, under these several titles has existed \ for the past twenty years, and, until the last season, has been engaged in j jobbing goods to country customers on the credit system. \ Anticipating the great changes incident to the rapid development of the < countiy, the extension of its Canals and Railroads, the active competition > among retailers, and the increased expense sof doing business, this house ^ has resolved to change their system, and adopt the nett cash plan ; sell a \ very large amount of goods, and thereby reduce the percentage of expense, s Their stock of goods is the most extensive in the country, and is sub- \ di\ided into " Departments" each having a purchaser and a manager, and a ^ system of accounts distinct from all the rest. Thus the Establishment #re- J sents the characteristics of distinct and separate stocks with all the attention ) and energy, in each department, usually expended upon an ordinary store. \ They have their own stock numbers upon aU their goods, by which | buyers are enabled to compare Bills, and they will find that the goods have \ but one price, and that the firm act upon the maxim, that " One man's < dollar is as good as another's .'" > Print and Gingham Department, located on the first floor. i Dry-Goods Department, also on the first floor. I Woolen Goods and Men's-wear Department, on the same floor. < Domestic Goods Department, located in the basement. > Carpet and Oilcloth Department, also in the basement. 5 White Goods and Embroidery Department, second story. ' Hosiery and Glove Department, second story. / Smallwares Department, termed Yankee Notions, second story. ^ The Manager of each Department is interested in the returns of his i particular Department only ; consequently, the system of oflfering one style > of Goods very cheap, to sell another not as well, imderstood, is entirely ;; abandoned in this establishment. | In the same building is a Clothing Warehouse, under the firm of Gardner, i Green & Co. in which Messrs. Moulton and Plimpton have an interest, in i connexion with Mr. Tweedy, their former partner, under the firm of Tweedy, > Moulton & Plimpton. This firm is entirely disconnected, excepting as $ herein stated, with the Dry-Goods Establishment. ^ M. P. & Co. have made an arrangement by which parties of known 5 responsibility can have the accommodation of time, by adding the interest, < THE departments ARE AS FOLLOWS : and taking paf>er payable at Bank. 39 DELMONICO'S mmi MD MiicM iom, 21, 21 25 & 27 BROADWAY, NEW-YORK. a.®IE]EOT(D ®]EILM(DI!n(D®c, M(0)IPISIIIS1P®®o REST AUR AIVT, 40 PORTER & CUMMINGS. 9 BEKRT K. CUMMINGS, JOHN W. PORTER, 1 NEW-YORK. :E3 -A. I 3>a" est- S - EMIL SEITZ, No. 2 3 3 BROADWAY, Up Stairs, [Opposite the Park Fountain.] SfZiW-YORS. Keeps constantly on hand a large Assortment of Engravings, Lithographs, Drawirig Studies, Ornaments, <&c. and receives, with every European Steam- er, all the latest publications from France and Germany. He also respectfully calls the attention of Amateurs and Lovers of Fine Arts, to his extensive and selected stock of (D3LA§©]I(0 IiH«A¥3IM©^p Mo By Eaphael Morghen, Toschi, Longhi, Anderloni Strange, Woollett, Wille, Rembrandt, Albert Durer, and many other celebrated masters ; and is en- abled, through his business connections in Europe, to execute every order quick and at the most reasonable prices. 41 A SUMPTUOUS "ll fi^ f f^ ff^ The fame acquired by Brady at home and abroad, is likely to be increased by the fine pictures he is producing at his new and splendia rooms No. 359 Broadway. This establishment may justly rank as the first in this country, and the facilities for executing portraits of the highest class are unequalled. The convenience of the operating and reception rooms being on the same floor, will be appreciated by the public generally, and the Ladies cannot fail to admire the dressing- room, which is fitted up with exquisite taste, and devoted to their service. We have never seen anything finer than the tone of light in the room designed for taking children's pictures ; the northern light for adults could not be better, and there is a more powerful light es- pecially adapted for groups. This gallery contains a collection of daguerreotypes which is perhaps unrivalled in extent and interest in the World, and are executed with a fidelity to nature, beauty and delicacy, which we have never seen surpassed. We know of no more interesting place of art for strangers to visit, than Brady's new and splendid Gallery of daguerreotypes No. 359 Broadway, over Thomp- son's Saloon. Editor. 43 per: PQ Eh O PREPARED BY SVRG-EOrr DXSM'TIST, Waterbury, Comi. This TOOTH-WASH is free from the ! objections attaching to Tooth Powdt i s >; It neutralizes the acids of the moutli, ^. frees the teeth from Tartai-, destroys the X_ 1 causes of an offensive breath, and arresfs as i the progress of decay where it has com- menced, by penetrating to those plati >• ^ most subject to caries, which other means will not reach. a| If the gums are much inflamed, rub ^ them with the finger moistened in tbu ^ liquid ; but for common use dilute with ^ three parts water, using a pretty hnid Sj,; brush both inside and out, and chieHy lengthwise of the teeth. _ ^ N. B. Those using the preparation are T. insured against the Toothache. 44 REYNOLD'S Sold 307 Broadway. Editor. 45 The title of this elegant article for the toilet, is, by no means, descriptive of all < its admirable qualities. Its least desirable effect, as a medicament, is that it keeps ^ the mouth and teeth perfectly clean and sweet, washing away their impurities, and dis- ^ solving the saliva after sleep, which renders the mouth so disagreeable in the moi-ning. I More important excellencies than these, however, distinguish this decoction. It 5 cures the tooth-ache, with almost unerring certainty. This is a quality possessed, in ^ an equal degree, by no other known compound in the materia medica. Such a rerae- ^ dy for this detestable evil, has been, in all ages, like the philosopher's stone, an ^ object of universal desire. It is not at all times either possible or desirable to extract ^ every tooth that becomes inflamed and painful. Temporary expedients for relief, are ^ sometimes indispensable. Many have been tried, but few found successful, excepting the cold steel of the Dentist or the Doctor, until the fortunate discovery, by Doctor I Reynolds, of this most popular specific. It is not too much to call any remedy a 5 specific, which wiW cure any specific disease in ninety-nine cases of a hundred. The I experience of the writer of this article, sustained by the concurrent testimony of 5 many hundreds of persons, among whom are Physicians of the highest reputation, i enables him to say that the failure of this Detergent to allay or cure the tooth-ache, i when faithfully applied, is next of kin to a prodigy. Not unfrequently the very first > application performs the work ; yet, like many other medicines, it generally requires \ repetition, and sometimes should be rubbed into the gums with the finger or a < tooth-brush. < Furthermore, the Dental Detergent commends itself to the favor of all individuals i and families able to afford the common comforts of life, by healing diseased gums, ^ reducing inflammation, and removing from the breath the intolerable effluvia of de- > caying teeth, and the still more execrable odors of that vile and loathsome weed, I which no animal, excepting man and the tobacco-worm, has ever been known to eat. < S. CAHILL^S X'aFiEnxroH boot ^istid shoe Corner White-street. JTK If- J^O JIK. The largest, most ma^ificent, and extensive nseortment ot Boots and Shoes in this city, and at prices lower than any othor house in the trade. Ladies and gentlemen will always find at this establishment, the latest and most fashionable styles of French, English and American goods, of supe- rior material and workmanship The subscriber, sparing no expense or time, in getting up his own manu* facture, is confident that persons once buying will continue to favor him with their patronnge. His numerous styles of Ladies' Gaiters, Quilted Roots, Snow Shoes, Rubbers, Clogs, French IMes, Slippers, Boots and Buskins for Ladies, __ _ _ Misses and Children ; and his Patent ■ H.6Rn.»*.v. Leather, Cork Soled, Waterproof and French Calf Boots, Congress hulI Kuttoned Gaiters, Oxford and Taylor Ties, Dancing and Walking Pumps, &c. for Gentlemen and Boys, surpass any assortment ever before oftered for sale, either whole- sale or retaiL N, B. Persons in the trade, coming to this city, would do well to inspect this large stock before making purchases, as a liberal allowance is made to all such. Remember the number, 377 BROADWAY. >€OLIAN PIANO-FORTES uiiu ^ fiiimii AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF HALLET, DAVIS & GO'S CELEBRATED PIANOS, WITH Hew Action and Grand "Suspension Bridp," ALSO, THE WELIi-KZirO WXV FIAirOS OF A. W. LADD & Co., BOSTON. r» I -Rheum. Tetter. Piles. Scald-Head. Caked-Breast. Sore Nipples. Sore Shins. Burns and Scalds. Ulcers. Gout. Stiff Joints. Bruises. Cuts. Chafes. Galds. Spavin. Ring-Bone. Sweney. Sores. Scratches. PoU-EvU, Hard Lumps, Or Tumors, and All Kinds of Fain or Inflammation in Man or Beast. To Country merchants.— Every store should be supplied with this valuable Liniment, as it pays a good profit, and sells rapidly. Prices of the Ainflient. — It is put up in bottles of three sizes, and retails at 25 cents, 50 cents, and $1 per bottle. The 50 cent and dollar bottles contain 50 and 100 per cent, more Liniment, in proportion to their cost, so that money is saved by buying the large sizes. A. e. BRAGG 6l Co. Sole Proprietors, Principal Offices, 304 BROADWAY, corner Duane-street, NEW-YORK, And cor. Third and Market Streets, St. Louis, Mo. ALSO, FOR SALE BY Dealers in IMEedicines throughout the United States. 52 PRINCIPAL NEWSPAPERS. I Albion, "Wm. Young, Proprietor, 10 Park Place. i American Eail-Road Journal, 9 Spruce-st. H. V. Poor. t Brother Jonathan, 48 Beekman-st. B. H. Day, Proprietor. \ Churchman, 9 Spruce-st. Mr. Hudson, Proprietor. I Commercial Advertiser, 46 Pine-st. F. F. B. Hall. t Courier des Etats Unis, 73 Franklin-st. C. Lacel. \ Evening Post, corner of Nassau and Libertj-st. Wm. C. Bryant \ Flag of our Union, 151 Nassau-st. Samuel French. > Freeman's Journal, 556 Broadway. J. A. McMasters. \ Gleason's Pictorial, 151 Nassau-st. S. French. 5 Home Journal, 107 Fulton-st. Morris & Willis. I Journal of Commerce, 91 Wall-st. Butler & Hale. \ Morning Courier and New-York Enquirer, 70 Wall-st. J. W. Webb i New- York Observer, 142 Nassau-st. Sidney E. Morse. \ New-York Picayune, 121 Fulton-st. < New- York Express, 1 Nassau-st. J. & E. Brooks. i New- York Daily Times, 113 Nassau-st. Raymond, Harper & Co. I New- York Daily Tribune, 154 Nassau-st. Greeley & McElrath. \ New- York Evangelist, 120 Nassau-st. W. H. Bidwell. i New-York Herald, corner of Nassau and Fulton-st. J. G. Bennett. \ New- York Medical Gazette, Dr. D. M. Reese, 852 Broadway. I New- York Spectator, 46 Pine-st. F. & J. Hall. I Spirit of the Times, 1 Barclay-st. J. Richards. j Sun, 91 Nassau-st. M. S. Beach. > Sunday Atlas, 44 Ann-st. Herrick & Ropes. i Sunday Courier, 15 Spruce-st. Smith & Bangs. I Sunday Despatch, 25 Ann-st. J. Williamson. I Sunday Mercury, 22 Spruce-st. Nichols & Co. \ Peoples Paper, 28 Ann-st. Stearns & Co. I 53 SULLIVAN'S HOUSE FURNISHING VAREROOMS, li. ft aiTi if lipi, Families beginning House-keeping, or Removing, are invited to examine the well assorted stock of seasonable goods at the above address. Facilities for procuring goods from first hands, and experience in the purchase and sale of house furnishing and gene- ral hardware, enable us to compete in prices with any other establishment in the city. In our stock will always be found Ivory handled Table Cutlery of English and American makes, Medium quality and low priced Table Cutlery, Eodgers' Pocket Knives and Scissors, in great variety. Plated Spoons, Forks, Ladles, Castors, &c. &c superior and cheap. Brittania Ware* — Elegant Tea and Cofifee Sets of Sheffield, Taunton, Albany and Troy, well known manufactures. Also an assortment of new patterns, low priced, Tea and Coffee Pots. Brittania Mugs, Ladles, Spittoons, Lamps, Candlesticks, and a great variety of Castors with plain and cut bottles. Planished Tin Tea and Coffee Pots, Egg-boilers, Chafing Dishes, Jelly Moulds, Coffee Urns, &c. &c. Enamelled and Tinned Saucepans, Stewpans, Tea Kettles, Fish Kettles, Preserving Kettles and Boilers. Iron Dinner Pots, Furnaces, Waffle-irons, Griddles, &c. &c. Wooden Ware of all kinds. Step-ladders, Clothes-horses, Tubs, Pails, Wash-benches, Kitchen Tables, Towel Backs and Rollers, Bowls, Keelers. Meat Safes and Refrigerators Of all sizes, chest and upright. Tin Ware. — Japanned and Plain, Saucepans, Dish Kettles, Baking Fans, Dutch Ovens, Tea and Coffee Pots, Pails, Wash-basins, Measures, Cups, Dippers, Graters, &c. Zinc Hip Baths, Infants' Baths, Foot Baths, Iron Hat and Umbrella Stands, Brushes. — Whitewash, Window, Scnib, Wall and Dusting Brushes, Pope's Heads, with long handles. All of superior quality. Shaker Brooms, Hair Brooms, Feather Dusters, Inside and Outside Door XKEats. Also, Bird Cages, with tin and wood frames. Prices low and no deviation made from those first named. Goods sent to any part of the city. The very best qualities of Saws, Edge and Joiners' Tools, comprising one of the most complete stocks in the city, can be had at all times. 54 251 BROADVAY, Upper comer of Murray-street, Opposite the City Hall iriSW'S'ORR. Attendance from 9 to half-past 11, A. M. ; from half-past 2 till 5, P. M. ; and from 6 to 9, Evenings. INSTRUCTION ALSO GIVEN IN ARZTHIMCETIC, VaA-TUHmr^Tins, SURVEYXITG, dec. Importer and Dealer in 383 BROADWAY, It is impossihle to classify, or even to enumerate, all the articles used in the various Arts of the Xeedle, as improved and extended for the last thiiiy years, during which time this establishment, uninterruptedly, has been engaged in importing and supplying, in com- pliance with the increased demand, the many thousands of these small, but indispensable Wares. Dress and Cloak Trimmings. — Cords and Tassels. — Dress Linings. — Satin, Talf, and Velvet Ribbons. — Cotton and "Wool Wadding. — Tapes. — Bobbins. — Bindings. — Thread and Cotton. — Sewing Silk. — Needles. — Pins. — Buttons. — Hooks and Eyes. — English Scissors. — Hosiery and Gloves. — Saxony Yam. — Knittina and Crochet Cotton. — Combs and Brushes. — Sundr)- Fancy Articles. For a more extended description see Catalogue published by J. M. A. S. BARNES & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS OF THE NATIONAL SERIES OF A. S. B. & Co. are the publishers of the following valuable School Books, bo exten- sively used throughout the United States. PROFESSOR DAVIE8' ARITHMETICS, ALGEBRAS, &c. PROFESSOR CLARK'S GRAMMAR AND ANALYSIS. PROFESSOR PARKER'S SCHOOL PHILOSOPHY AND SCHOOL READERS. PROFESSOR BOYD'S MILTON, YOUNG, THOMSON AND COWPER. PROFESSOR DAY'S ELEMENTS OF RHETORIC. EMMA WILLARD'S SCHOOL HISTORIES AND CHARTS. NORTHEND & ZACHO'S ELOCUTIONARY WORKS. FULTON &, EASTMAN'S BOOK-KEEPING AND COPY BOOKS. BESIDES MANV OTHER HIGHLY APPROVED EDUOATION.M, WORKS. A. S. Barnes &. Co. have a large assortment of School, Classical, and Miscellaneous Books, which are offered at the lowest market prices. 56 FOCRTEEMH-STREET PRESBYTERIAN (DIHTOSIEIo Jiiii IfliiEi i CORNER OF FODRTEENTH-STEEET. This church is of brown froe-stone, ol ilio iioiiuiiicsque order of arcliitecture. It is nearly 11)0 feet in length ; the front elevation is about 66 feet wide. The tower is 23'>4 feet square, and 95 feet high. The auditory, which has a beautiful grained ceiling, is con- veniently and roomily seated, with spacious aisles, and presents, every way, a very cheer- ful and comfortable, as well as tasteful aspect. The pews on the ground-floor are built on a curve, giving all the occupants a full view of the speaker. The gallery is admiralily desiimed both for seeing and hearing, and its pews, like those below, are richly upholst- ered'! The pulpit has a graceful arched recess, to the shape and proportion of which is partly ascribed the unusual ease with which the church is filled by the preacher's voice. The organ, a very fine insti-ument, was built by Messrs Hall & Labagh. The Lecture Room, connected with the church by four entrances, — two below, and two in the gallery, — fronts on Fourteenth-street. It is of two stories, 64 feet long and 34 feet wide. On the second floor is the Sabbath-school room, and the pastor's study. The whole structure has been admired for its remarkable commodiousness, and its fe- licitous combination of simplicity and richness. It is finely situated, at the comer of Fourteenth-street and Second Avenue, in the neighborhood of Union and Stuyvesant Squares, in a section of the city which is rapidly filling up with beautiful private resi- dences and imposing public edifices. The church edifice was dedicated June 22, 1851. On the 18th of the preceding month 274 persons from the Brainerd and Sixth-street churches were duly organized as the " Fourteenth-street Presbyterian Church," and on the 22d of June following, the Rev. Asa D. Smith, D. D. who had for more than sixteen years been the pastor of the Brain- erd Church, was installed as the pastor of this, in which relation he still remains. His residence is 142 East Thirteenth-street. The congregation is large and very prosperous. 57 EniTOR. MURFEY, BENEDICT & CO. IMPORTERS Ai JOBBERS OF DRY GOODS, 05 k 97 LIBERTY-STREET. MARBLE ROW, iJI@W«^(DIEISo We offer a full and complete assortment of Staple and Fancy Dry Goods, Carpetings, &c. at the lowest market prices, for cash or approved credit, and solieit the attention of Dealers to the examination of our stock. 58 mmi COLUMBIAMM, OR THE COLUMBIAN LINAMENT. With the single exception of Water, hydropathically applied on scientific prin- ciples, this LiSAMEST has been pronounced by the highest medical authority to be the most valuable external application for the cure of disease ever yet compounded from the whole Materia Medica of modem practice in the healing art. Rheumatism, Gout, Head-ache, Sore Throat, Pain in the chest and local inflam- mation resulting from suppressed and checked perspiration, about the face, neck, shoulders, or elsewhere, are among the most common forms of disease for which this medicament is an invaluable specific. This Linament should always be well rubbed in with the palm of the hand or fingers, until there remains no trace of it on the surface of the skin. It stimulates the tissues, opens the pores to the free passage of perspirable matter, and sets up a healthy action in all the parts affected with disease. So penetrating is its influence that it reaches, when faithfully applied, not only the muscular tissues of the physical organism, but even the tendons and cartilages, restoring them to their natural func- tions from states of torpidity and inaction. Any family that employs this medicine in connexion with the American Fire-Balm described on another page of this work, and daily ablutions of cold water, \\-ill need no other external application to cure the " various ills that flesh is heir to." Add to these, when necessary, for internal derangements, some of the small sweet Pilules of the HomcEopathic physician, connected with a proper system of dietetics, and nothing further will be needed than industry, frugality, and a good conscience to make life comfortable with wife, children, and friends. Sold wholesale and retail by the sole manufacturer, at 307 Broadway, near the gate of the New-York Hospital, and his agents in town and country. Orders from apothecaries and others filled with careful despatch. 8 ounce bottles 60 cents ; 4 ounce bottles 25 cents. S. Brown. T. J. CROWEN, BOOKSELLER, STATIONER. AND PUBLISHER. NEARLY OPPOSITE THE METROPOLITAN HOTEL, NIBLo's GARDEN. A general assortment of Books in all the departments of Literature, embracing all the Standard and Light Reading of the day, which are received for sale as soon as pub- lished. Subscriptions received for the Home Journal, Harper, Putnam, Graham, Godey, Knickerbocker, &c. &c. Letter Paper, Note Paper, and Envelopes, of the best quality — Initials put on with- out extra charge. Best of Wax, Wafers, Pens and Ink, Dressing Cases, Work Boxes, Desks, &c. ^ s BEST 1116 B OOMS. MANUFAOTDRER OF <. J, ^ fi— r\ 1 1 — ' \ r~t \ \ 1 1 .\ri 1 «mP$, CORDS, TASSELS, &c. ] 333 BROADWAY, Cor. Anthony-street, N. York. | CUmiN DECORATIONS, and LADIES' DRESS TRIMMINGS. 68 PARKS OF NEW-YORK. umozr SQUAHB. This area, which is two miles atid three quarters from the south point ! of che Island, derives its name from the circumstance that a greater number I > of principal streets and avenues unite here, than at any other square in the > I city. These are Broadway, Fourth Avenue, University Place, the Bowery, | j Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth streets, both East and ^ S West. The Harlaem Railroad also, on which most of the travel into New I ! England is conducted, passes this square on its eastern border. It is, there- ; \ fore, like a ganglion in the animal body, a central point in the city ; and > \ may, per'iaps, in another century, become the actual focus of public business, ] i as the City-Hall Park now is. This, however, depends on so many con- > ; tingencies in the future progress of the city, as to be wholly beyond the ! I scope of reliable prophecy. Should Brooklyn and Williamsburg, at some 1 \ future time, choose to coalesce with the metropolis, and the East River \ I become to New- York what the Thames is to London, a bond of union I I rather than a dividing limit, then the City-Hall Park will have the permanent > t preference as the business centre of the whole. On the other hand, if the '> 5 cupidity of commerce and the mania for Mammoth stores, should overstride I < their own true interests, and force the great hotels to abandon the southern ■ I Wards, and climb towards the Highlands and Harlaem River, then would \ s Union, or Madison square, or both united as a double centre, fonn the future \ \ focus of the Metropolis. ! I As Union Park now is, it presents to the wealthy citizen an elegant ; < site for his residence, and to enterprising landlords a favorite position for I I hotels. With these two classes of buildings, and a few distinguished board- > I ing schools, all sides of it are now completely occupied. The Square itself, \ \ as its name denotes, is a parallelogram, having four nearly equal sides, but \ > the Park within the Square is a true conic section, an elipse or oval, of great ; \ beauty. In its centre is a fine fountain, throwing the waters of its ever ! I flowing Nile from the calix of an Egyptian lolus, consolidated by time into | j molten iron. Around this fountain, into which many a beautiful Dryad of i I the woods looks lovingly, on a summer's evening, in the hope of beholding > I the Nayad of the waters reflected as the image of her own beauty, are well- S I grown trees, casting their shadows on green lawns and well-trodden gravel ! j walks, along which the smiling heiresses of the Fifth Avenue delight to \ I listen to the accents of love. | I Long may this inclosure be a favorite retreat for the young and the < 1 happy, the rich' and the poor, whenever the listlessness or the labors of the I j sultry day ask for exercise or repose ! Editor. \ 69 lioncloii and ]¥ew-Yoi*k PICKLE, PRESERVE, KETCHUP, MOTMB&gMClIMBiOm 314 BROADWAY, N. YORK, FAMILY AIVD 8HIP STORES, prlServed oysters, lobsters, and peaches, Hermetically Sealed, and warranted to keep in any climate WINES, BRANDIES, AND SEGARS, IN BOND, AND FROM STORE, IN QUANTITIES TO SUIT, Pickles. Sauces. Jams. Jellies. Imported and Domestic. Tomato Ketchup. Pepper Sauce. Cayeime Pepper. Currie Powder. Pie Fruits. Pickled Lobsters. Olives & Capers. Merchants, Shippers, Hotel Keepers, Families, and Ship Passengers will find an assortment unequalled at GEORGE RAPHAEIi'S, •^0 Marmalades. Pickled Oysters. Sardines. Brandy Cherries. " Peaches. " Pears. " Gages. Absynth. Curacoe. Cordials, &c. &c. PABKS OF NEW-YOBK. This elegant " Parade Ground," denominated thus from its long devotion to the purpose of Military Reviews, was formerly " Poller's Field" or a burying place for strangers. It is now, after twenty years of carefiil cultivation, one of the finest public Squares in the Metropolis. Its ancient graves were deeply buried, in the grading of the city, and the new soil was planted with foresl^trees which have ab-eady attained to a stately growth. Thus it is, by an unerring law of nature, that the nutriment of the Uving world shall spring perpetually from the ashes of the dead. Two of the finest architectural structures in the city grace the Eastern aspect of this beautiful Park, viz., the University of the City of New-York, and the Dutch Reformed Church, of which Dr. Hutton is the present Pastor. The "coup (i' them, should be held in so great esteem, that no less than two hundred and fifty Den- ] tal Practitioners should find remunerative employment in the city of New-York and I its suburban cities and villages; and that some of them, like the successful in other \ callings, should amass fortunes. Among these dozen scores of Dental Operators in ( the metropolis, some are of high and some of low degree, accommodated, on the one s hand, to the discernment of the wise, and on the other, to the folly of the ignorant. S Among Dentists of the former class, is the well known gentleman whose profession- ; al notice occupies the preceeding page, as a component part of the general card of the I city presented in this work. s Doctor Charles Rowell has been long and honorably known to his professional S collaborators, as well as to the public. For more than twenty years his rooms in ! Chambers-street, near the City Hall Park and Chatham-street, have been a favorite re- ! sort for patients of both sexes, as well among his fellow citizens as from the country J at large. The confidence reposed in his ability has been neither misplaced nor ! abused. Full of activity, anecdote and good nature, he induces those who have once \ made his professional acquaintance, to cherish and preserve it, insomuch that his busi- \ ness has long required the labor of several assistants, to enable him to meet his en- ! gagements. ! A fine set of artificial masticators, to one who has lost those bestowed by nature, \ is an acquisition of great practical value, both for use and ornament ; and Dr. Rowell i professes the art of constructing them in great perfection. Editor. > 83 W. B. MOFFAT, M. D. 84 If Experience is an instructer of any value, and if the unbounded success of a ^ medicinal remedy be a proper test of its qualities, Moffatt's Life Medicines need i no other testimonial. > The far-reaching success, and the wide-spread celebrity of these medicines have / been unparalleled in the history of the healing art. In no part of the world, and in i no age, has any general remedy for human diseases obtained such universal confidence. I The pilgrim to California over the Rocky Mountains, and the trappers by the streams i of Utah and Nebraska, provide for themselves, in their hazardous adventures, these / celebrated medicines. The New World and the Old, as well as the Islands of the { Sea, are familiar with the LIFE PILLS and PHCENIX BITTERS. In Europe, I with all its learned Medical Schools and numerous Patentees of medicinal specifics for i every form of human disease, these medicines have become so extensively and expe- rimentally known within the last few years, that they have already superseded nearly 5 all the popular remedies of rival pretension. ? The LIFE PILLS owe their title to the fact that they prolong and save life in > thousands of instances every year, if not every month, week and day. < The PHCENIX BITTERS are so named because they possess the power of re- ] viving the smothered embers of vitality throughout the physical constitution of man, ^ as the PhoenLx is said to be re-\'italized in the smouldering ashes of its ovra dissolu- ^ tion by fire. s Both these medicines are solely and purely vegetable, containing neither arsenic > nor mercury, nor any other mineral in any form. They are wholly composed of vege- f table extracts known to some Indian tribes, but wholly unknown among ignorant pre- < tenders to medical science in the schools of rival sects. s The first effect of these remedies is to cleanse the alimentary canal in all its con- ^ volutions, and restore it to its normal functions. In effecting this important i purpose, they do not deplete and debilitate the system, but on the contrary renovate i and invigorate it. They may, therefore, be safely taken by patients suffering under the > most exhausting debility. Another important effect of these medicines, is to correct > disturbances in the kidneys and urinary organs. , < The Life Pills and Phcenix Bitters have always been signally successful in i curing those peculiar diseases for which Mercury has been generally regarded as the S sole specific ; and also in removing the effects of mercury itself from the system, with j much more power and certaiqty than the most successful preparation of sarsaparilla. ? It is unnecessary to specify any particular disease for the cure of which these 5 medicines are designed, since, by restoring the alimentary, digestive and excretory organs to the proper exercise of their legitimate functions, they prepare the way for the thorough and speedy extirpation of every human disease. Flatulency, Palpita- tion of the Heart, Loss of Appetite, Hearf-burn, Head-ache, Restlessness, Ill-temper, Anxiety, Languor, Melancholy, Diarrhoea, Fevers of all kinds. Rheumatism, Gout, Dropsy, Gravel, Asthma, Consumption, Salt-rheum, Erysipelas, and cutaneous erup- tions, are among the diseases which yield readily to these remedies. Travellers by sea and land should provide themselves with these medicines, to be used when required, in the absence of Physicians and friends. Editor. 85 E-iTREET, ^EW-YORK, {One door west of Broadway,) PORCELAIN TEETH, BLOCKS, AND CONTINUOUS GUMS, And IMCechanical Dentistry in general. Agent for the sale of Gold Foil and Plate, Operating Chairs, Dental Furnaces, Muffles, Slides, Spar, Silex, Clay, &c. &c. From C C AUen, M.D., Editor of the Dental Recorder. New Yobk, July 19th, 1851. Mn. PoETER :— Dear Sir, — The Block Teeth which you have made for me 1 think inferior to none that I have eeen. They combine, in an eminent degree, all the qualities which it is desirable that Porcelain Teeth should possess — strength, proof against fire, and a close and faithful resemblance to the natural Teeth. I shall recommend them to any Dentists who desire work of the kind. CHAS. C. ALLEN. From the same. Prof John Allen is very fortunate in having Dr. D. H. Porter, of this city, as his Agent for giving instructions and selling rights for his new method of uniting single teeth, by a continuous silicious gum. Dr. Porter's great experience in Block making gives him advantaues over those of less practice, end has enabled him already to make improvementa upon Prof. Allen's original plan. The specimens of this kind of work, made by Dr. P. are certainly superior to any that I have «een. Nkw-Yokk, April Ist, 1853. C. C. ALLEN, Frum A. Hill, D. D. S., Cu-Editor of the Dental Recorder. NoRWAi-K, Conn., Jan. 19. 1853. I do not hesitate to say that the work put up by Dr. D. H. Porter, whether mounted in single teeth, blocks, or after the new method of Dr. John Allen, is among the best I have ever seen. If the success of Dr. Allen's new style of work depended entirely with Dr. Porter, I am confident its success would be certain. I am happy to learn that Dr. P. is making arrangements to accommodate the profession in the line of Artistic and Mechanical Dentistry, in which he most certainly excels. A. HILL. New-Yoek, April 2. 1853. We fiilly concur is the opinions above expressed. ' GEO. E. HA WES, 21 Bond-street, N. York. CHAS. MERRITT, Bridgeport, Conn. SAMUEL MALLETT, New Haven, Conn. 86 BLOCK WORK. This modification of the original manufacture of Artificial Mineral Teeth, as introduced by the French, English, and early American artists, is becom- uig every year more popular in proportion to the improvement of the work- manship. For most cases in which artificial substitutes for human teeth are required, single teeth either with or without colored gums, will always be preferred. Some cases, however, imperatively demand what is technically denominated Block Teeth. These are of two kinds. The earliest invention of this kind, consisted in moulding the materials from j/ hich artificial teeth are made, in blocks of several teeth united together l» the base, by an imi- tation of the natural gum, and adapted exactly to the metallic plate which sustains them in the mouth. By a late invention, single teeth of the usual kind are set upon the plate and fixed in their position by an artificial gum, continuous from one extremity of the plate to the other. In both these kinds of manufacture Dr. Porter, whose professional card is given on the opposite page, is an expert artist. Fifteen years' practical experience in Dentistry, superadded to a native talent for this species of manufacture, eminently qualifies him for success. Dr. Porter's professional prosperity is rendered the more evident as con- trasted with the ill success of several competitors who have encountered the rivalship only to meet discomfiture. This results, in part, from the intrinsic difficulties connected inseparably with this particular branch of manufacture. Men of ordinary ingenuity and moderate attainments may construct a hat, a carriage, or a piano-forte ; but to imitate successfully such beautifiil and deli- cate organs of the human body as the teeth, imparting to them the color, the form, the translucency of those bestowed on man by nature, and possessing the strength and durability adequate to their important purposes ; — this is the problem which has been solved only by perseveruig genius. Of the new species of Block Teeth, patented by Dr. Allen, of Cincinnati, of whom Dr. Porter is an Agent, the specimens" exhibited to the writer within a few weeks past, are, in his judgment, an improvement upon all former samples brought to his loiowledge. This sort of Block Work has the advantage of combining the best specimens of single teeth made by the American manufacturers, with a base of surpassing elegance and strength. Editor. 87 ^ S 03 J?. (O J= ■ 6C •a? o 55 " c S o -a !E 'E ' ~ O OB B » n3 cS t- " - ^ ""J H 2 « i* S = ^ *fe H «) -t^ .-fc ja o t3 a> c c so " CO o -s -.i ■E a -J » « _ ao S O " I P S ? § a) a, WSolScgWCxi® O.PM .S^ .- _ o O) " «i the lowest market prices, and in quantities to suit purchasers. ^ 118 FULTOMTREET, SAMUEL VERNON. I THOMAS VERNON. 5 ESTES & BROTHER, pcanufacturers of all ftinirs of BLOTTING SAND, PAINTERS' SMALTS, ^Tomato €^Mmtp&t Set. 8t sm Corner of Gold, Entrance in Gold-street. NEW-YORK. 99 FASHIOMBLE HATIEES, 3 3M \A/ - YonjK:. A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF FINE FASHIOMBLE HATS AM CAPS, AT WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. SECOND SATURDAY IN AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER. 100 THE ISLANDS OF NEW-YORK. Of all the Islands belonging to the United States, those which constitute the site and harbor of New- York are the largest and most important. Five of the Counties of the State are insular, viz. New- York, Richmond, Kings, Queens and Suffolk, and all these Counties have an intimate relation to the City, insomuch that full two hundred thousand of their inhabitants besides those of New- York proper, constitute its suburban population, XHKanhattan Island Comprises the Qty and County of New- York, by far the most populous County and City in the Union. There is no island in the world, of the same size, containing so many inhabitants as Manahatta, once the favorite resort of Indian tribes, and now the centre of the commerce of the Western Hem- isphere. It is twelve miles long from North to South and less than two miles wide in its greatest breadth, from East to West, and yet its present population exceeds half a million. Originally when the native tribes burnt their signal-fires upon its hills, and sought their food in its valleys, this island was rocky and uneven ; but its avenues and streets, so far as completed, have all been graded in conformity with an established plan designed to promote the important objects of thorough drainage, and economical preparation for building purpose. The only building material found on the island at the present time, is a coarse stone suited only for rough cellar walls, building- sand, and an indifferent quarry of marble or lime-stone, which has been little explored and to no great profit. It is situated near Kings Bridge and the Spuytendivel Creek at the very Northern point of the Island. The Hudson river, the East river, and the Harlaem river, are the natural bound- aries of this noble Island, which, like the Italian Peninsula, resembles some- what the form of a boot, the heel of which is at Corlaers Hook and the toe at the Battery. The admirable fitness of this noble Island for the site of a great com- mercial city, arises partly from its perfectly land-locked situation, having four navigable avenues of approach, viz. the Narrows, between Long and Staten-Island, the Kills, between Staten-Island and New-Jersey, the Hudson, between Manhattan-Island and New-Jersey, and the East-River, between Manhattan and Long-Island, with one of the finest bays and harbors in the world, capable of mooring the shipping of all nations in safety. 101 BTDRAlTIiIC DEFOT, CO < FORCE, J 1 w 316 w ■ tt w M iiii'iil £3 o spend the summer months at Hotels or country seats on the Northern and I Eastern Shores, as well as in the interior ; and several thriving villages are > the natural result. Newbrighton, Port Richmond, Richmond and Stapleton, I are the most distinguished. Several wealthy citizens of New- York have ^ erected elegant summer residences on the highest summit of the wooded ^ hills, overlooking the City, the Harbor, the Offing and Ocean, together with large trdcts of New Jersey and Long Island, and a northern view up the Hudson, embracing the Catskill Mountains. Staten Island seems destined to combine the mingled elements of city and country life in a more perfect manner than any of the other environs of New- York. It embraces the I entire County of Richmond. Before the introduction of universal steam ? navigation and Railroads the most direct stage route between New- York > and Philadelphia was across this Island, and an excellent turnpike-road > was constructed from the Quarantine to the Blazing Star, for that purpose. > Long since, the Keeper of the Turnpike-gate, exclaimed with the Moor, ; " Othello's occupation's gone." Ed. I 105 I ©aw [p(o)©7°(Q)[F[F0©[ This establishment has been as remarkable for its changes of locality as the edi- I fice now occupied for its use, has been for its changes of purpose. The Post-office I left the corner of William and Garden-street nearly thirty years ago, and has since J migrated to the Rotunda in the Park, the Merchant's Exchange, and the Middle f Dutch Church, where it now is, on Nassau, Liberty, and Cedar streets, near the 5 Custom House. The whole area of this large edifice, both ground floor and galleries, > has been devoted to the various purposes of the Post-office, at an annual rent of j 10,000 dollars. < The edifice was originally built in the 17th century for a Dutch Society of ; Presbyterians, being now the oldest ecclesiastical building in the city. Its walls are i of rough hewn stone, and its spire of wood, most of which was framed and prepared j in Holland almost two hundred years ago. During the American Revolution it was ' successively used as barracks for the British troops, a hospital for the sick and disa- I bled, and finally as a circus or riding school for the cavalry. During the first year 5 of Washington's administration this building was restored to its original purpose as ? a church, and occupied as such till 1844, when the congregation thinking itself too ' near Wall-street, concluded to yield to the " Genius of Emigration," and rented their i edifice to the Federal Government, on a lease which will expire in 1865. ^ $ The New-York Postal Establishment being a distributing as well as a City Post- 5 ? office, and by far the most important in the country, employs at present nearly a hun- f ' dred clerks, in place of six who performed all the duties required in 1820. | I One of its officers has retained his position during that period. This is the < i chief clerk, Mr. Wm. B. Taylor, superintendent of the entire city delivery, whose < i kind and efficient services have endeared him to the whole community, and entitled \ < him justly to a free will acknowledgement, on the part of the merchants of the city, j S a few years since, to a handsome amount. Happy would it be for the country if all ^ i its official functionaries possessed the enterprise, capacity and integrity of Mr. Tay- S < lor. We hope he will be rewarded for his faithfulness and urbanity, by a life-long < competence of worldly goods, in addition to the still greater reward of an ever-cheer- l ing consciousness of having done his duty. I With every fluctuation of party in the Federal Government, the Postmaster of ^ New-York, like most other officials throughout the country, becomes a victim of po- l lidcal proscription, whatever may have been his merits, his faithfulness or his ability. I Even a venerable relic of the Revolution, must fall before the car of the Juggernaut ^ of Party. But this evil has been greatly countervailed by the long continuance of J Mr. Taylor and some of his associates, in office. > This frequent change of officers is one of the many evils of party rivalry and po- i litical ostracism ; but being inseparable from free government under the existing < phase of humanity, it must be endured with patience rather than regarded with '. complacency, until its remedy shall be found in a more exalted standard of public 5 virtue. Editor. I 107 mmm mm, ^ m. The interior view on the opposite page represents one of the most elegant, enterprising, and fashionable Fancy Staple and Domestic Dry Goods Establishments of which our City can boast. For fifteen years the Messrs. Beck have operated at Wholesale, Jobbing, and Retail, with world-wide no: toriety in their present locality, which is one of the most central in the City ; dealing extensively in the first-class of fabrics from every part of the globe. Here meet the eye, the finest products of European manufacture, — the Silks of China, and the Cashmeres and Shawls of Oriental production. Cloaks and Mantillas, Laces and Embroideries, Linen and Cotton Goods, from the most celebrated manufactories of both hemispheres. — House-keeping articles of the Dry Goods department, both useful and ornamental, are here offered for sale on the most reasonable terms, of every grade and quality, and every variety of pfice ; Damask Table-Cloths, from one dollar to seventy -five dol- lars each, gratify the taste of the opulent ; and those of inferior quality and lower price, attract the attention of all. — In Gloves and Hosiery, and articles of Haberdashery, this Establishment maintains the most complete and exten- sive assortment for Ladies, Gentlemen, and Children. No other establishment in this City exhibits to its customers so exten- sive and choice a variety of Qoaks and Mantillas as that of James Beck, & Co. — They are composed of all the fabrics suited to their garments, embra- cing the most approved and fashionable patterns. In the article of Lace Dresses, their prices range from twelve hundred dollars downwards, — and Lace Collars from fifl:y cents to fifty dollars ; they have Lace Scarfs and Shawls as high as six himdred dollars — Printed De Laines and Cashmeres at one shilling per yard and upwards, Brocade SUk Dresses are frequently sold at this house for one hundred and fifty dollars each, and their Shawls range along the scale of prices from fifteen hundred mills to fifteen hundred dollars. — ^Hiey have Laces less than three inches in width, at fifty dollars per yard, and from that price down to two cents. Such is an outline of the vari- ety of goods in this establishment, adapted to the means and wants of all classes of society ; the result of indefatigable perseverance, and real enter- prise. What wonder, therefore, that such a place of business, situated in the heart of the Metropolis, and conducted on strictly honorable principles, should be daily filled to overflowing with the elite and the fashionable of this great aty. In addition to the retail business, which is conducted on the fli'st and second floor, there are the third and fourth floors for their wholesale, where there is always a large assortment of goods, which they sell to merchants from every section of the Union. Editor. 109 MANUFAOTORERS OF AND STRAW AND LEGHORN The undersigned, having lately purchased the establishment for the manufacturing of the above named goods, from Messrs. Gardner, Harrison & Co. successors to fV. S( W. H. Lewis, would hereby call the attention of the trade, and the public in general, to their assortment of DAGUERREOTYPE APPARATUS of all kinds, together with Cases, Plates, Chemicals and Polishing Materials. Cameras warranted. Palmer Longking would also invite attention to their Machines for Pressing Straw and Leghorn Hats, both by hand and on benches. All kinds of Irons used in the business, (with heaters,) constautly on hand, and at the lowest market prices. The proprietors hope to give general satisfaction, both by the quality of their goods and their promptness in executing orders. NEW-YORK. 110 L. & J. HIGGINS, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in (g[ii](D[l(gi (g[S®©[i[Sa 89 SIZTH ATSnUS, 3 Between Waverley Place and Jefferson Market N E W-Y 0 RK Where may be found the choicest selection of Groceries to be had in this mar- ket, at fair prices, and no pains spared to please all who may favor us with their patronage. Teas, Coffee, Cocoa, Chocolate, Cocoa Shell, Broma, Cocoa Paste, Starch, Indigo, Family Flour Oat Meal, Indian Meal, Hommony, Samp, Peas and Beans, Rice, Rice Flour, Pearl Barley, Wheat Farina, Com Farina, Tappioca, Pearl Sago, Arrow Root, Haccaroni, Vermicelli, Carb Soda Salsoda, Cream Tartar, Saleratns, Isinglass, Butter, Cheese, Holland Mustard, Wine Vinegar, Lard, American " Cider " Eggs, Sauces, Pepper Sauce, Hams, Pickles, Tomatto Catsup, Mushroom " Tongues, Beef Chow Chow, Jellies, French Brandies, Fish, Salt, Preserves, Cider Brandy, Olives, Holland Gin, Scotch Whiskey, Potatoes, Sardines, Molasses, Anchovies, Irish " Syrups, Raisins, Oranges, Monongahela " Liquorice, Bay Water, Sallad Oils, Lemons, Port Wines, Sperm " Currants, Madeira ** Lard " Figs, Sherry " Whale " Prunes, Dried Peaches, Malaga " Mould Candles, Lisbon '* Sperm " " Apples, " Cherries, Teneriff " Wax Rhine " ^amant " Atmegs, *' Plums, Claret " " Raspberries, Currant " Mace, Brandied Fruit, Raspberry " Cinnamon, Seears, Champagne *' Cloves, Tobacco, Cordials, Allspice, Brown Soap, Chemical " Curacao Liqueur, Marasquino " Ginger, Black Pepper, White " Toilet " Anisette " Soap Powder, Cherry Bounce, Cayenne *' Yeast " London Porter, Caraway Seed, Citron, Scotch Ales, English Mustard, Crackers, Philadelphia Porter, French " NuU, Philapelphia Ale. The Editor of this work having resided on Washington Square, in the immediate vicinity of Me«8rs Higgins* store, and having dealt with them extensively, takes great pleasure in speaking of their goods, and of the politeness, promptitude, correctness, and urbanity of the heads of this firm and their as- sistants, in the highest terms of commendation. Editob. Ill FLORENCE HOTEL, KEPT ON THE EUROPEAN 'PLAN AND STYLE, FOR TUE ACCOMODATION OF LADIES, GENTLEMEN & FAMILIES, Reuben Lovejoj, Proprietof, 400 BE01BWAY, CORNKR OF TVALKER-STBEET, E "W - Y O IS. . -t « e® ei^ I. This is at once the longest and finest street in any American city. Although its upper section from Forty-seeond-street northward, takes the familiar name of Bloom- ingdale Road, being the old road to Albany through the River towns, and the only one that has been allowed to remain in any of the Northern Wards to disturb the rectangular arrangements of the cross streets and avenues ; yet, Broadway, in fact, ex- tends uninterrupted from the Battery to Kings-bridge, a distance of more than 13 miles, and will soon be settled through its whole extent, from the most southerly to the most northerly point of the Island. In its course it intersects, at very acute angles, every avenue from the Fifth to the Eleventh — pursuing a portion of its course near the bank of the Hudson, and the track of the North River Rail Road. Departing from the Battery and the Bowling Green, it pursues a northeast-by- north direction until it reaches Union Square, when it proceeds nearly north in a winding course to its end, passing on its way many of the finest architectural struc- tures in America. Among them are Trinity Church, Trinity Building, the Bank of the Republic, St. Paul's Church, the Astor House, the City Hall, Stewart's store and the Irving House, the St. Nicholas, Metropolitan, Prescott, Collamore and New- York Hotels, St. Thomas' Church, the Church of the Messiah and Grace Church, together with numerous stores and dwellings of wholly unrivalled magnificence. It touches, moreover, on five of the most important Parks of the city, and may well be called the " Main Artery " of the Metropolis. It has been from time immemorial the most fashionable promenade in New- York, in which may be seen on every day of the week a thronging multitude, composed of all the nations of the earth, from the China- man with his long cue, and the Arab with his turban, to the Paris fop and the Lon- don cockney, with .their cherished imperials and their conceited vanity. Mingled with these are returned Californians, pallid and meager, taking a last view of the city before departing for their deserted homes ; and also eager multitudes, fresh and vigorous, searching for the flying ships which shall bear them to the land of gold. Blended with these are venerable merchants bending beneath the burden of scores of years and counting-house anxieties ; and elegant women — matrons and their daughters — decorated like Birds of Paradise in the gay embroideries of France, and the shining silks of the Indies. Laborers and children, news-bo3's and showmen, Italian organ-grinders and dancing monkeys, contribute to the motley group, and ren- der the passage of Broadway more dangerous and difficult than that of the classic strait with Scylla on the one hand, and Charybdis on the other. Yet is Broadway the most attractive promenade in America. Few beggars are allowed to molest this popular resort, and these few are disabled, blind men selling segars and apples, immi- grant women with infants in their arms, or little boys and girls sweeping the cross- ing places on rainy days, asking " a penny for their pains." It is a fault of the laws or the police, that street mendicancy is not wholly piohibited, and the suffering poor retrieved from beggary. Editor. 113 THE Nii-ioRi mm lom Head of Broad-street, on Wall, Pine and Nassau. This is one of the few wholly fire-proof-buildings in the city. Its outer walls are of the purest granulated marble, from Massa- chusetts, unsurpassed by any building material in the United States. The roof and substructure are of Granite, and its arches of hard burned brick, so that fire can affect nothing but the fur- niture, books and papers of the establishment, together with the glass of the windows. The Architect was the well known Sculptor, John Frazee, and this building, among the last productions of his genius, wUl probably transmit his name through a score of centuries, unless a war or an earthquake should sooner desolate the city. The order of the architecture of the Custom House is Doric externally, and that of the Rotunda within, of the Corinthian order, and of the most exquisite workmanship. This Rotunda, which is the principal Hall of business, is reached from Wall-street by a flight of 18 granite steps extending the whole breadth of the edifice which is 90 feet. Its length along Nassau-street, from Wall to Pine, is 200 feet. At each end of the edifice is a portico having eight massive columns forty feet in height and six feet in diameter. The Custom House is the most expensive edifice in the city, having cost the Federal Government $2,000,000. The site of the Building is ever memorable as that of the old Federal Hall, in the Gallery of which facing Broad-street, General Washington was in- augurated, in the year 1789, as first President of the United States, and thus became in a double sense, the Father of his Country. Long may the present structure remain a perishable monument of inperishable Glory! Editor. 114 Directly opposite tlie Custom House. SfS'^^'S'lElIESa WEDDING, VISITING, AND BUSINESS CARDS, Bill Heads, Labels, Door Plates, Flate, Jewelry, AZarking riatesr and Seals Engraved in the finest Style of the Art, at the above Establishment. Certificates of Stock, Railroad Bonds, Maps, &c. &c. ^ . 3D 33 3VC -1?^- 33 S T , Eespectfiilly calls the attention of the Public to the superiority of his style of work in the various branches of the Engi'aving business. He begs to state that to his many im- orovemeuts in the ordinary routine of business, he has added an ENTIRELY NEW PROCESS OF SEAL ENGRAVING, And he hesitates not to say, that his Seals will be found both tasteful and elegant in the highest degree, and, at the same time, more legible than anything of the kind hitherto introduced to the public notice. Merchants, Bankers, Companies, and the Public generally, will be enabled to have their full address, with their business or profession, to any number of letters, en- graved with the utmost precision and legibility, within the compass of an ordinary seal. A. D's. Splendid Initial Seals, which are allowed to be the perfection of Seal Engraving, and which give such a finish to a letter, can be procured at his office on rea- sonable terms. mAiL mm§m. With stationary seals, suitable for Companies, Firms, and private use. These Presses are decidedly the best article in the market, as they can be depended on, and are an orna- ment to any office. The small sizes are a suitable present for Ladies. Price six dollars and up. Wedding and Business Envelopes constantly on hand, and emtossed to order. 115 THE MERCHANTS' INSURANCE CO. or THE Oifice, Cof. Fulton and Greenwicli Streets, (Ocean Bank Building,) CASH CAPITAL, TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS. INSURANCE AGAINST LOSS OR DAMAGE BY FIRE. DIRECTORS. Cbowkl Adams, Walter VV. Concklin, Levi Apgar, Henhy A. Keeb, JosEFH S. Easker, Ely Hoppock, Ebenezer Beadleston, Moses A. Hoppock Sastoel S. Bowman, William Hustace, Joseph M. Brown, Harrison Jones, Gordon W. Burnham, Valentine Kibby, GEORGE W. SAVAGE, Sec'y. D. Randolph Martin, Corn's V. B. Ostrandeb, Jeremiah Robbins, Benjamin S. Taylor, Barrett H. Van AuKEir, Ward A. Work, Nathaniel Weed. C. V- B. Ostrander, Pres. COPPERSMITHS AND PLUMBERS, And 30 RECTOR-STREET, Between Washington and West-streets, WILLIAM EDWARD F, \ EDWARD FARR, ) F. BRIGGS, > W. JACOBS. ) NEW-YORK. Distillery work attended to at the shortest notice, as well as Ship and Steamboat Work, and all Jobbing in their line, executi'd with despatch. 116 PATENT VULCANIZED INDIA RUBBER GOODS. Sou iaanutacturcr of Elastic Bands, Paper File Holders, &c, And Dealer in every description of Top, Stationers' Rubber, and Silk and Cotton Elastic Cords and Webbing. 86 JOHN-STREET, William and Gold. ! NEW-YORK, BOOT MD mm mmu 213 EIGHTH AVENUE, Comer of 21st Street. Where they intend to transact the Boot and Shoe business in all its branches : and being well satisfied that the public are ever anxious to ascertain where they can procure the neatest and most substantial articles, for the smallest amount of money, they take this method to announce to their friends, and the public generally, that they are now pre- pared to supply them with a general assortment of Ladies', Misses', Gentlemen's, and Boy's Boots, Shoes and Gaiters, at the very lowest prices, with a large assortment of Bubbers. D. G. Velsor. J. N. Velsor. 117 The Subscriber, successor to E. Flagler, and sole manufacturer of Queen's Patent Portable Forge and Bellows, has removed his Depot to There are eix-sizes of Blaclismith'e, &c. Forges, and five of Jew ellers' and Dentists'. They can he set where most convenient for use, and the smoke carried off by a pipe. They are the best Forfjes in use for Blacksmiths, Machinists, Coppersmiths, Jewellers, Dentists, Shipping, Mining, Plantations, Manufactories, Public Works, Rail-roads, Army and Navy Uses, &c. &c. They are the only round Forges cousti-ucted with sliding doors, which is a superior ar- rangement. They can be closely shut up, or the slides can be placed in any possible position necessary, which make the forge perfectly safe when used iu-doors, and by which all fumes and gasses are carried ofi' through the smoke-pipe ; this advantage is of great consideration to Jewellers and Dentists. When in use out-doors, on Steamers, ttc. the slides protect the fire from wind or rain. Key, No. 1, represents the Forge closed ; No. 2, partly closed ; No. 3, open. Circulars will be forwarded containing full particulars, and certificates, upon application. 118 Doctors Vervalen and Halsey, whose professional card occupies the pre- ceeding page, have transferred their business operations from the City of Bogota, where they have been residing several years in the successful exercise of the Dental profession. The United States being their native land, and more agreeable to their tastes than a foreign country, they have opened their offices at the place named in their card, which is one of the most central, accessible, and pleasant in the city. Public conveyances pass their residence and place of business on every side, and fi"om every direction, making it every way as accessible as could be desired. The Sixth Avenue Rail-Road and Omnibuses, the Broadway, Fifth Avenue, Eighth and Ninth-streets lines of Omnibuses, all pass within a short distance of their door, affording con- venient access at all seasons of the year. The success of these gentlemen in South America is well known to many 'of their professional brethren in the United States, and the writer of this notice has had business transactions with the senior partner of this firm for several years past, convincing him of Dr. Vervalen's justly deserved reputa^ tion as a Dental operator in all branches of the art. The residence of Dr. Vervalen's family is in this State, and a desire to be near them, has determined his removal to this city. Although the number of Dental Operators in New- York is already large and constantly increasing, so also is the population of the city in a ratio hither- to unprecedented in the history of the world. Besides, first rate operators have never yet been too numerous, and such a consummation is not greatly to be feared. We cordially commend Drs. Vervalen and Halsey to the favorable regard of citizens and strangers. Editor. 121 FIFTIETH-STREET, Near 4th Avenue, City of New- York. Piiiiii If til Sflfi ii iiiia EXPENCE $130 PER ANNUM. Open to Visiters from 2 to 4 P. M. daily. 122 UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW-YORK, This Institution occupies a building of elegant proportions, built of marble in Gothic style, on the east side of Washington Square, extending from Waverly Place to Washing- ton Place. Its first class, consisting of three members, graduated in 1833. Its average number of students in attendance, since that time, has been about one hundred and forty. The Grammar School connected with the University has between two and three hun- dred pupOs, each of whom pays $15 per quarter. The University has, in all its departments, academical, aiiistical and medical, eighteen professors, besides the masters in the Grammar Schools and their assistants. In the Medical department the fee for a full course of Lectures are $105 ; matri- culation fee $5 ; diploma fee $30. The original plan of this Institution contemplates a department of Law which has not yet been established, and the professed spirit of its organization was non sectarian, in contradistinction to Columbia College, once called King's College, which has always prospered imder the auspices of the Church of England. 123 This is the second Unitarian Congi'egational Church in the City of N. York. The first Uni- tarian CouKregational Church was dedicated Januaiy 20, 1821, and the second was dedicated December 7, 1826. The minis- ters of the fonncr have been Rev. William Ware and Rev. W. Bellows. The ministers of the latter have been Rev. Wil- liam P. Lunt, Rev. Orville De- wcy and Rev. Samuel Osgood. The present edifice, called the Church of the Messiah, was dedicated May 2, 1839, the pre- vious edifice in Mercer and Prince Streets, having been burned November 26, 1837. The present pastor, Mr. Osgood, was installed October 3, 1849. The Church of the Messiah is a large and substantial edifice, most liappily adapted to the voice and ear, so that a speaker, without any unusual ettoi-t, may be heard m the most distant part. The congregation is large and its religious and chantable aspects are en- couraging. Although there are but two nominally Unitarian Churches m the City-, there are several others where virtually the same doctrines are taught. There are also two Unitarian Congregations in Brooklyn, and one on Staten Island. _ _ ni, • i The doctrinal position of Unitarians is based upon the Divme mission of Je^sus Christ, and they difter from maiiv other Chri- Published by Anthority of the two Boards. \ TTiis Illuminated Manual of the City and County of New- York, ^ from its earliest incorporation to the present year, comprises five hundred pages of interesting statistics, embracing the entire period \ from 1653 to 1853, a term of two hundred years, having curious > Pictorial Illustraiions of many of its earliest as well as latest im- ^ provements. | All the great civil, social and charitable institutions of the me- ^ tropolis, with a fall catalogue of their officers, are presented in this ^ work, together with all the members of the Citv Government from the beginning, with a brief biography of each of the Mayors from Thomas Willet, in 1665, to Gideon Lee, in 1833, forty seven in num- ber ; since which time there have been thirteen other chief magis- trates, making in all fifty, or an average of exactly one in each four years. Of this number, twelve have left no representatives for the Directory of 1853. Among them was William Peabtbee, elected in 1703, who ruled honorably over the other trees of Gotham, for four years. This work of Mr. Yalentine's, comprises a vast amount of valu- able statistics, published in excellent style, with many embellish- l ments. Editor. 125 \ e^lieS 6oilege befoi^e i^e l^ebolqiio^i, \ Between College Place & Cimrch-street, Murray & Barclay-streets, at the west j end of Park Place, \ Chartered by Oeorge II, in 1754. THE Manufactured and sold 307 BROADWAY, NEW-YORK. This invaluable femily medicament surpasses any other known composition, whether of vegetable, animal, or mixed origin, for the cure of Burns, Scalds, Chill Blains, Cuts, Bruises, and chapped lips and hands; besides being an admirable and efficacious remedy for the Piles, in all cases where excision has not become neces- sary by the chronic condition and aggravated state of the disease. MODE OF APPLICATION TO BURNS AND SCALDS. In case the Balm be kept in bottles or phials in a semi-fluid state, it is necessary merely to immerse a cotton bandage of sufficient breadth and length to cover the parts affected, into the medicine, and envelope therewith all portions of the injured surface, so as to exclude thoroughly the external air or atmosphere. Over the me- dicated bandage, others may be secured by soft woolen yarn, so as thoroughly to protect the parts, and secure the position of the balmy plaster. When the medicine is made hard for the purpose of transportation in tin boxes and canisters to foreign parts, it should be warmed to the consistency of lard or sweet oil, and the bandage impregnated with it, as before. Ready made bandages, properly saturated with the balm, and enclosed in tin boxes, are also prepared by the manufacturer and sold by himself and his agents, both in town and country. Let it be carefully obser\'ed that the speediest cures are effected when the first bandage is so carefully arranged and secured as to remain undisturbed for full forty- eight hours from the time of its application — and the sooner the medicine is applied aft«r the accident, the better. The best results are obtained, and patients cured with least suffering, when the balm is immediately at hand, and can be applied before the skin rises in blisters, or the contact of the atmosphere has aggravated the disease. Every family should have this medicine in store, in the same case that contains its homoeopathic medicine book, and pills, and in the same closet that gives access to the sparkling croton. 127 BAMS IN NEW-YORK 1. American Exchange, 50" Wall. David Leavitt, President; Charles A. Meigs, Cashier. 2. Bank of the State of New- York, 30 Wall. C. W. Lawrence, President; R. Withers, Cashier. 3. Astor Bank, 720 Broadway. John Lloyd, President ; Jacob R. Pentz, Cashier. 4. Bank of America, 46 Wall. George Newbold, President ; Jas. Punnett, Cashier. 5. Broadway Bank, 336 Broadway. F. A. Palmer, President; John L. Everitt, Cashier. 6. Bank of Commerce, 32 Wall. John A. Stevens, President ; Henry F. Vail, Cashier. 7. Butchers' and Drovers', Bowery, corner Grand. Jacob Aimes, President ; B. Lewis, Jr. Cashier. 8. Bank of New- York, Wall, corner William. John Oothout President ; A. P. Halsey, Cashier. 9. Chatham Bank, Chatham, corner Duane. E. G. Drake, President ; W. H. Kirby, Cashier. 10. Bank of North America, 44 Wall. W. F. Havemeyer, President; Isaac Seymour, Cashier. 11. Chemical Bank, 270 Broadway. John Q. Jones, President; J. B. Desdoity, Cashier. 12. Bank of the Republic, Wall, corner Broadway. G. B. Lamar, President; J. T. Soutler, Cashier. 13. Citizens' Bank, 64 Bowery. Jay Jarvis, President; L. R. Comstock, Cashier. 14. Manhattan Bank, 40 Wall. Caleb O. Halsted, President ; J. M. Mor- rison, Cashier. 15. City Bank, 52 Wall. G. A. Worth, President ; R. Strong, Cashier. 16. Mechanics' Bank, 33 Wall. Stephen Knapp, President; F. W. Edmonds, Cashier. 17. Dry Dock Bank, Avenue D, corner Tenth. David Palmer, President; F. T. Hayes, Cashier. 18. Mechanics' Banking Association, 38 Wall. F. Pentz, President ; John H. Cornell, Cashier. 19. Empire City Bank, Broadway. E. F. Purdy, President ; Henry T. Kiersted, Cashier. 128 BANKS IN NEW-YORK. < 20. Fulton Bank, Pearl, comer Fulton. John Adams, President; Wm. S. I Lane, Cashier. s 21. Mechanics' and Traders', 398 Grand. John Qapp, President ; E. D. < Brown, Cashier. I 22. Greenwich Bank, 402 Hudson. B. F. Wheelwright, President ; Wm. 5 Hawes, Cashier. I 23. Mercantile Bank, 182 Broadway. W. B. Douglass, President; R. I. \ Oakley, Cashier. 5 24. Grocers' Bank, 55 Barclay. Charles Denison, President ; Samuel B. \ White, Cashier. ] 25. Merchants' Bank, 42 Wall. John J. Palmer, President ; Silliman \ Augustus, Cashier. < 26. Hanover Bank, Pearl. R. P. Buck, President ; T. Taylor, Cashier. > 27. Merchants' Exchange Bank, 173 Greenwich. James Vannostrand, Pre- j sident ; W. H. Johnson, Cashier. < 28. Irving Bank, Greenwich, comer Warren. J. Thomson, President; I Daniel V. H. Bertholf, Cashier. ^ 29. Metropolitan Bank, 54 Wall. James McCall, President; John E. < Williams, Cashier. I 30. National Bank, 36 Wall. J. Gallatin, President; Frederick Dobbs, j Cashier. > 31. Leather Manufacturers' Bank, 45 William. F. C. Tucker, President; T. R. Acly, Cashier. \ 32. North River Bank, Greenwich, comer Dey. M. 0. Roberts, President; \ A. B. Hays, Cashier. I 33. Ocean Bank, Greenwich, corner Fulton. D. B. Martin, President; > James S. Gibbons, Cashier. 5 34. Seventh Ward, Pearl, corner Burling-slip. J. W. Lawrence, President ; < A. J. Eraser, Cashier. I 35. Pacific Bank, Broadway, corner Grand. W. Tilden, President ; J. < Campbell, Jr. Cashier. \ 36. Tradesman's Bank, 177 Chatham. Wm. H. Falls, President ; Richard > Berry, Cashier. < 37. People's Bank, 175 Canal. J. P. Yelverton, President ; G. De Angelis, < Cashier. I 58. Union Bank, 34 Wall. Frederick Deming, President ; Daniel Ebbetts, < Cashier. 39. Phoenix Bank, 45 Wall. Thomas Tileston, President ; Peter M. Bry- I son, Cashier. 40. Seamen's Bank for Savings, Wall, comer Pearl. Pelatiah Perrit, \ President. 129 FIRE INSURAICE COMPANIES, AND OFFICERS OF THE SAME. Grocers', 81 Wall-st. Sampson Moore, President; T. Greenleaf, Secretary. Hudson River, 40 Wall-st. J. Blood, President; P. J. Avery, Secretary. Jefferson, 50 Wall-st. Moses Tucker, President; P. Smith, Secretary. Irving, in Warren, corner of Greenwich-st. M. Thomson, President ; P. L. Crowell, Secretary. Knickerbocker, 64 Wall-st. Wm. Tucker, President; George Hodgson, Secretary. Lorillard, 61 Chambers-st. C. V. Anderson, President ; P. C. Norwood, Secretary. Manhattan, 68 Wall-st. N. Richards, President ; Wm. P. Palmer, Secretary. ^ Mercantile, 184 Broadway. James Wright, President; John Baker, Secretary. Merchants', in Fulton comer of Greenwich-st. Aaron Clark, President ; George W Savage, Secretary. National, 52 Wall-st. Thomas W. Thorn, President ; W. C. Kellogg, Secretary. New- York Equitable, 58 Wall-st. R. I. Thorn, President; John Miller, Secretary. Niagara, 67 Wall-st. John D. Steel, President ; L. G. Irving, Secretary. North American, 67 Wall-st. James W. Otis, President; R. W. Bleecker, Secretary. North River, 192 Greenwich-st. P. R. Warner, President; John Hegeman, Secretary. Pacific, corner of Broadway and Grand-st. Thomas Jeremiah, President; A. F. Hatfield, Secretary. People's, 178 Canal-st. J. Terbell, President; M. G. Leonard, Secretary. Republic, 49 Wall-st. R. S. Hone, President ; D. F. Curry, Secretary. Stuyvesant, 151 Bowery. F. B. Lee, President; B. J. Pentz, Secretary. Union Mutual, 58 Wall-st. F. S. Lathrop, President; F. Stagg, Secretary. United States, 69 Wall-st. J. S. Underbill, President ; J. Wilkie, Secretaiy. Washington, 54 Wall-st. George C. Satterlee, President; Wm. Callander, Secretary. iEtna, 56 Wall-st. Charles Town, President; Jacob Brouwer, Secretary. JEtnsL, (Hartford,) 72 Wall-st. H. R. Brace, President; S. L. Loomis, Secretary. ./Etna, (Utica,) 74 Wall-st. J. E. Hinman, President; F. H. Hawley, Secretary. American Jlutual, 1 1 Merchants' Exchange. George Warnick, President ; F. N. Hadley, Secretary. Astor, 67 Chatham-st. William T. Pinkney, President ; R. D. Hart, Secretary. Atlantic, (Brooklyn,) 74 Wall-st. Czar Dunning, President ; Horatio Dorr, Secretary^ 130 INSURANCE COMPANIES. Bowery, 1 24 Bowery. Wm. Hibbard, President ; G. G. Taylor, Secretary. Broadway, 418 Broadway. H. M. Forrester, President; J. M. Wray, Secretary. Citizens', 67 Wall-st Daniel Burtnett, President; James M. McLean, Secretary. City, 61 Wall-st. George S. Fox, President; Samuel Townsend, Secretary. Commercial, 49 Wall-st. John Vannostrand, President ; Charles J. Martin, Secretary. Clinton, 52 Wall-st Hugh Laing, President ; Samuel J. Willis, Secretary. Eagle, 71 Wall-st. A. G. Stout, President; Henry Morris, Secretary. Empire City, 49 Merchants' E.xchange. James T. Talman, President ; landley Murray, Secretary. Fireman's, 59 Wall-st. Francis T. Leuqueer, President ; Niel Gray, Secretary. Greenwich, 400 Hudson-st Timothy Whittemore, President ; James Harrison, Secretary. LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES. British Commercial, 65 Wall-st. John Robinson, Agent. National Loan Fund, 71 Wall-st. J. Leander Star, Agent. Manhattan Life Insurance, 146 Broadway. A. A. Alvord, President; C. Y. Wemple, Secretary. Mutual Life, (New-York,) 35 Wall-st. Joseph B. Collins, President United States, 40 Wall-st. F. Sheldon, President ; J. Eddie, Secretary. Union Mutual, (Boston,) 37 Wall-st J. W. Judd, Agent Ohio, 45 Wall-st. Charles Stetson, President ; George S. Coe, Cashier. MARINE INSURANCE COMPANIES. Atlantic Mutual, Wall, corner of William. Walter Jones, President ; Daniel D. Smith, Secretary. New-York Mutual, 50 Wall-st T. B. Satterthwait, President; W. P. Hansford, Secretary. Sun Mutual, 49 Wall-st A. B. Nelson, President ; John Whitehead, Secretary. Mercantile Mutual, 63 Wall-st E. Walters, President ; Charles Newcomb, Secretary. 131 Delightful Country Residence, and Cliarming Building Sites VILLAGE OF FORDHAM, WESTCHESTER CO. ONLY TWELVE MILES, BY RAILROAD, FROM THE CITY OF NEW-YORK. For Sale hy JRrivate Coutraci. The Village of Fordham, celebrated for ite rural beauty, ita remarkable salubrity, and ita coDtignity to the scenery and the waters both of the Hudson River and Long Island Sound, contains no residence more delightfully situated, or more desirable in itself, than the one now offered for sale. The dwelling-house, built in the plain Italian style, in the most careful and substantial manner, and of the best possible materials, is entirely new, having been completed in the spring of the present year. It contains ten rooms, finished in the best modern style, with the improved marble mantles and appro- priate decorations. It is situated adjacently to the Kingsbridge road, on the west side of the Railroad, and on the highest land that occurs between the North and East Rivers. It thus commands a more magnificent view, both towards the East and the West, than any other residence in the neighborhood, and, in most respects, unsurpassed by any in the world. Its cupola embraces nearly a perfect horizon of billowy woods, bright villages, villas, and white sails of the River and the Sound. It is inmiediately surrounded by a fertile garden, orchard, and shrubbery, of about two acres, and is provided with all the necessary out- buildings, flagged walks, dec, for a complete country home. Its orchard contains apple, peach, pear, and plum trees, of the choicest varieties, and in the most thriving condition. The water on the premises is of the purest quality, and inexhaustible in supply. Indeed, it is difficult to imagine a more delightful country retreat, so immediately accessible from the City of New- York, than " BEAUTIFUL VIEW,*' the name which has been conferred upon this rare and enchanting spot Also, for sale, by the same proprietor, a most desirable Building Site, for a small villa or hermitage, containing about two acres of wood and pasture land, the former elevated upon a picturesque natural acclivity, and bearing beech, oak, hickory, and other forest trees, admirably adapted for tastefnl and ornamental display. About an acre of garden ground lies immediately beneath this gentle eminence, having a brook of pure spring water flowing through it, and supplying a fish pond. The pond itself is at least one hundred feet above the level of the Railroad, and yields annually $200 worth of produce. This portion of the pro- perty is situated on Tiebout Avenue, and is surrounded by orchards, rocky glens, and romantic views, unsurpassed within a wide area of miles. A prettier place than this, for a cottage or hermitage, pre- senting a lawn of shrubbery aud flowers, it would be impossible to select 132 jAl « 3Cii 3B( ^C7(?^ 3C Ss3 ^ DAGHEEREM GALLERY, 14:3 Cltatliaiii-i§^ti«eet, (ESTABLISHED 1839.) Opposite tlie NatioEd Theatre. NEW-YORK. Likenesses, which cannot be excelled, taken by Skylight, at as low prices as any other establishment in the city. BENJAMIN S. PIER, 276 WATER-STREET, MANUFACTURES, AT THE SHORTEST NOTICE, Brewer's Kettles, Stills and Worms. Tanner's Heaters. Batter's do. Croton Boilers. ?nmps and Ladles. Dyer's do. Oil Coolers. Sbip Pumps. Varnish do. Tallow Chandler's Liquor Pumps, &c. Kettles. H. B. Jobbing done in best manner, and at the shortest notice. 133 (EwawaiE m hie mum mmm. The willow manufacture, in the city of New- York, is already immense, I and destined constantly to increase. The amount of imported willow ware > is, annually, more than three millions of dollars ! and this amount must \ also increase largely, unless the manufacture of the ware, and the > cultivation of the willow, should be prosecuted extensively in the United 5 States, in pursuit of that national independence which is desirable in peace \ and indispensable in war. 5 The late John Reed, of Staten Island, amassed a little fortune by | cultivating less than three acres of apparently worthless swamp, in rearing | the Ozier willow. Others have failed in the attempt, through ignorance of s the proper species for this^region of the earth, and the proper mode of \ cultivation. Some persons have settled down in the conviction that, perhaps, l Englishmen, Germans and Frenchmen, may succeed in this branch of I agriculture, but that a Yankee must necessarily fail. i Dr. C. W. Grant, of Newburgh, about five years ago came to the I conclusion that, among his varied objects of enterprize he would include the \ cultivation of the willow, for which purpose he purchased a marsh in the \ Hudson, not far below West Point, connected with an extensive upland farm, i which marshy ground he supposed would make a good Ozier field. On trial, ] it was found that only a small portion of the ground was adapted to that \ purpose. Partial failure served only to stimulate him to fresh exertions, J and the loss of some capital was followed by the resolve to recover it. He, } therefore, engaged in extensive investigation of the whole subject, and availed > himself of all attainable knowledge respecting the culture of the ozier in I England, Scotland, Continental Europe and America. Nearly one hundred ] kinds of willow were imported, and experiments were carefully instituted on ^ different soils, with very satisfectory results. Willow of his production was < tested, last foil, by different basket manufacturers, and found equal in quality I to the very best European Ozier, and far superior to the largest portion of | that which is imported. In the course of Dr. Grant's investigations, a new | species was found in the County of Suffolk, England, which proves to be a > great acquisition not only in the arts, but as an ornamental tree. It is not \ only perfectly adapted to the climate of the United States, but is much more I vigorous and productive than any other variety known. In early spring, be- s fore other flowers appear, excepting the Magnolia and Ceydonia Japonica, < this tree is a mass of dazzling bloom, its immense cotkins exhibiting all the > brightest hues of the rainbow. < Dr. Grant has prepared a treatise respecting its management, and preparation for market, for the I benefit of others, which be will publish as soon as he finds himself fortified by experiments, sufficientW ^ extensive and protracted, to enable him to speak with full certainty on all important points. Kext Fail / he will be able to supply cuttings, but only in hmited quantities, of the rarer kinds. He is willing to I impart information to all interested parties. Editob < 135 ii iiiWTi Diim tiiiiiii iiiriiiiis PETEB. m. S T A ZV B R O U GXI, ASSOCIATE!. This Science, connected as it generally is, with the art of Mechanical Dentistry, has experienced a development in the present state of civilization, wholly unprece- dented in any age or section of the world known to authentic history. This is es- pecially true in the United States of America, the result of several united causes, one of which is the climate, and another the peculiar dietetic habits of the people, both conspiring to the injury of the teeth. To preserve and restore these organs, are the two specific objects of Dental Practice. New- York city, at the present time, supplies remunerative occupation to about two hundred and fifty Dentists, some of whom, like the successful in other callings, are amassing handsome fortunes. Other cities of the Union are supplied with ope- rators in nearly the same proportion to their respective population. One thousand families, or six thousand inhabitants, are estimated to need and employ the services of one Dentist. Boston exceeds this ratio by more than fifty per cent ; thus far at least, justifpng her claim to be regarded as the " Athens of America" All large cities employ at least thirty per cent more of the services of Dental Operators than would supply the wants of the citizens themselves, in consequence of the influx of the suburban and rural population. This influx would be still greater, were it not for the fact that celebrated Operators, residing in the neighborhood, draw away a portion of the business from the metropolis itself, in spite of its advantages in art and science. Of this number is Doctor Charles W. Grant, of Newburgh, who is now assisted by Doctor P. M. Stanbrough, formerly one of his pupils. Besides the practice which his experience and ability elicit from the metropolis, in which his acquaintance is ex- tensive. Dr. Qrant has the constant support of the citizens of Newburgh, and the inhabitants" »'f Orange County. Thus it is that sterling integrity steady industry, and busioess talent, not only deserve but secure success. But success is not always wealth, like that with which Dr. Grant and some other enterprising members of his profession have surrounded themselves. Real success is extensive usefulness, and in this too, the subject of these remarks is doubly conspicuous. In addition to the benefits which he confers on so- ciety by his professional skill, united to his social and domestic duties, he cultivates the largest island in the Hudson, comprising over 300 acres of choice land, with grapes, strawberries, pears, and other delicious fruits, for the city market. Long may Dental science be honored by such professors 1 Editor. 137 Tn.I3\riTY C 11 XT XX o Dr. Wm. Berrian, Rector BisH )p Wainwright, Dr. HiGBEE, Dr. Parks, Dr. Haight, Rev. Mr. Weston, Kev. Mr. Dey, The elegant Gothic edi- fice here represented is one of the manifestations of the great wealth of the coi-po- ration to which it belongs. It was completed in 1846, liaviug been seven years in building, under the super- intendence of Mr. Upjohn, a celebrated architect from Edinburgh, assisted, in the ornaments, by Mr. Thom, the well-known sculptor of Tarn O'Shanter and Old Mortality. The dimensions of this church are 192 feet in length, 81) in breadth, and CO in height, ; the tower and spire rising to the height of 284 feet. A circular flight of stone stairs, consisting of 308 steps, lead to the height of 250 feet within the s]nre, from which a view of surprising loveliness delights the beholders. It can be enjoyed, without expense, by citizens and strangers, at all times, excepting on the Sabbath, and during the morning and evening services, on the other days of the week. The base of the spire, at the top of the tower, is the best position for viewing the surrounding scenery. The only chime of bells in the city is in the tower of this church. The greater part of the entire block on which this edifice stands is still occupied by tomb-stones, erected over the vaults and graves of a former generation. Many efforts have been made to extend Pine-street across this area to the North River, but the pow- erful influence of the Trinity Corporation has hitherto prevented it. The upward move- ment of the business energies of the city, may tend, perhaps, to protect these premises from intrusion ; until none shall be left to venerate the dust which immortal spirits have abandoned and need no more forever. W IhL [L°© ir ^ [i ITn i This is the most noted and important street of its length in the Western Hemisphere, aud it is fortunate for mankind that it can become no lai^er either in length or breadth. The enormous structure of Trinity Church ^ facing boldly its western extremity, prevents its farther prolongation by land, { and the East River, deep and rapid, utterly forbids its extension by sea. In > breadth it cannot be enlarged towards the north, because the Federal Custom < House is resolved to maintain its ground at a prime cost of 2,000,000 of > dollars, and au annual rental of 8200,000. Nor can it de expanded towards | the south, in consequence of a like persistency on the part of the Merchants' j Exchange. Aud both these edifices are encouraged and sustained in holding > the street within its just limits, by brick and freestone, granite and marble i Banks and Insurance Offices too numerous to be recorded. On account of / the sudden slides down the kill of fortune, for which some of the operators I in Wall-street are occasionally distinguished, ridiculed, and forgotten, the 'f bottom of this street, together with the dock adjacent, is called "Coffee-House J SUp." They who once descend to the lower extremity, rarely ever obtain > firm footing afterwards in the vicinity of the Exchange, the Custom House, ^ or the Church. Formerly there was a respectable Presbyterian Church in > Wall-street, but not being able to endure the climate, it has submitted to I emigration. ^ Landed property here commands a higher value than in any other part j of the Metropolis — according to the general rule, that where the standard of ? virtue sinks, that of real estate proportionally ascends. It was in such > localities as this, in the Old and New World, that houses and lands took ^ the name of Real Estate ; all other possessions, not excepting intelligence '> and virtue, being accounted unreal, nugatory and fanciful. < This word fanciful is derived from certain fictitious property in Wall- > street, superadded to its Gold and Silver, razors and Bank Notes, denominat- \ ed '■^ fancy stocks." Unlike the two other kinds of stocks into which mens' l feet and necks are sometimes incontinently thrust, these " fancy stocks" ought \ to thrust many a man's neck into a halter. They are gambling cards of the < most atrocious character, of which the Deuce of Clubs frequently dislodges ? the speculator's brains, whilst the Ace of Spades digs his dishonorable grave, i And yet has Wall-street many honorable men. Bank Presidents and Cash- I iers ; Custom-House officers and clerks ; Insurance Trustees and Secretaries ; I Merchants and Money-Changers ; Auctioneers and Attorneys ; Brokers and i Barbers ; all — " all honorable men !" Long may the head of Wall-street be guarded by the ever-open Church, and its foot purified by the ever-flowing River. 139 THi ®fTY HALL. This Edifice was completed in 1812, having been nine years in being built^ and when finished was the finest architectural structure in the United States. Its principal material is white granulated marble, from Massachu- setts ; the basement and north wall being of red sandstone, from the state of New- York. Originally it had but one tower, designed to support a clock and a colossal statue of Justice, hoodwinked and balancing her scales. Lat- terly a second tower has been erected, bearing an enormous Fire Bell, weighing but ninety less than fen thousand pounds. The clock dial is now of glass, illuminated by night, enabling the midnight ramblers to know their time. The Qty Hall is of mixed orders of classic architecture, two stories be- sides the basement, on the wings, and three stories in its central elevation, both these stories carry the building to the height of 65 feet. Its length is 216, and its breadth 105 feet. It has been generally a subject of regret, both by the architect and the citizens, that this Edifice had not been elevated another story, at the time of its construction ; but at that period the cost, more than half a million of dollars, exhausted the means which the corpora- tion felt itself at liberty to devote to this object. The basement of the City Hall contains the Marme Court Room, the Of- fice of the Chief of Police, and various other apartments devoted to public purposes. The first floor has the Mayor's Office, the City Library, the OflSce of the County Clerk, and of the Clerk of the Common Council. On the second floor is the Governor's Room, ornamented with portraits of many distinguished citizens and functionaries of the commonwealth and the republic, governors, generals, and commodores. It contains Washing- ton's writing desk, on which he penned his first message to Congress. It is one of the most interesting apartments in the city to intelligent strangers. The wings of this story are devoted to the Meetings of the Common Council, and Courts of Law. The Alderman's Room is fiimished with the chairs used by the first Congress in 1789. The chair occupied by the may- or is that in which was inaugurated first President of the United States, he who was " first in peace, first ia war, and first in the hearts of his country- men," The future destination of this Edifice are of course, unknown. Some suppose it will be purchased by the general government, as a Post Office, whenever the judicial and police departments of the City shall assume a more central situation, at Madison Square, or some other more desirable locality. With the addition of one or two stories, this building would meet the wants of the New- York postal interest for hundreds oT years to come. 141 Editor. SMITH'S mmmofkinm phabmasy. JOHI¥ T. S. SmTH, BRANCH AT 105 FOURTH AVENUE, near 12th-street. The flourishing state of such an establishment as that of Mr. Smith, noticed aboTe, is an evidence of the rapid advancement of the Homceopathic practice of medicine both in town and country. This advancement is not primarily among the people at large, but among medical practitioners bred in the older schools, and, therefore, reasonably presum- ed to be suitable judges in the premises. Had the contrary been the fact, and had some ignorant patient invented a system of practice for the use of his fellow-patients, directly at variance with all pre-existing systems, commuxdty at large would need to be watchfully on their guard. As it now is, venerable gentlemen of long and multiplied experience, standing high in the ranks of allopathy, one after another become convinced of the cor rectness of Hahneman's ideas of practice, and fearlessly annex themselves to the ranks of Homoeopathy, in the face of ridicule on the part of their former associates, and in to- tal disregard of impending and inevitable expulsion from the Medical Societies to wiiich they have belonged. The force of such evidence as this on the part of distinguish- ed members of so honorable and learned a profession as that of medicine, is not wholly lost on the public mind. Sensible individuals among all classes of society find them- selves promptly cured by the pleasant pillules of their Homoeopathic attendants, from whose hands they had formerly received, with irrepressible disgust, the nauseous doses of Allopathy, with very doubtful effect ; and what wonder if they come to the conclusion that men who understand and have practiced both systems, probably comprehend the whole matter as well, at least, as those who have studied neither, or only one. This is not the age in which to justify systems by the opinions or practices of our grand-fathers. Editor. 142 [K]®Ea(Qi®P/^7[K]a© [p[K]v©[]©a^[j^^ IN THE J. H. Allen, M. D. 59 Ninth-street. M Anderson, SL D. 42 Walker and 21 Charlton-: I. G. Baldwin, M. D. 48 East Nineteenth-street. A. S. Ball. M. D. 43 West Eleventh-street. S. B. Barlow, M. D. 222 Twelfth-street E. G. Bartlett, >L D. 43 West Eleventh-street E. Bayard, M. D. 784 Broadway. G. Beakley, M. D. 35 Clinton Place. J. Beakley, M. D. 35 Clintpn Place. G. E. Belcher, M. D. 380 Fourth-street J. T. Blakeney, M. D. 140 Greenwich Avenue R. .M. BoUes, M. D. -294 Fourth-street B. F. Bowers, M. D. 124 Bleecker-street J. Bowers, M. D. 124 Bleecker-street E. V. Brown, M. D. 126 Eldridge-street W. Channing, M. D. Helen Cooke, M. D. 15 Eighth Avenue. J. Croffiit, M. D. 145 Avenue C. J. T. Curtis, M. D. 27 Irving Place. G. H. Doyle, M. D. 3 Patchin Place. H. G. DunneU, M. D. 53 Broorae-street B. C. Datcher, M. D. 135 Grand-street J. T. Evans, M. D. 218 East Broadway. Almira L. Fowler, M. D. 233 East Broadway. A. Freeman, M. D. 48 East Nineleenth-streer O. Fullgraff, M. D. 44 West Twenty-third-street M-Freligh, M. D. 38 Prince-street, 3d door Wef of Broadway. J. F. Gray, >L D. 49 Lafayette Place. E. Guernsey, M. D. 19 West Twenty -second-rt. L. Hallock, M. D. 103 Fourth Avenue. C. J. Hempel, M. D. A. Gerald Hull, M. D. 49 Lafayette Place. F. Humpreys, M. D. 22 University Place. B. F. Joslin, M. D. 122 Bleecker-street ■t. B. F. Joslin, Jun., M. D. 122 Bleecker-street. E. M. Kellogg, M. D. 38 Fourth Avenue. C. Kiersted, M. D. 145 West Thirty^fourth-street. H. Kinsley, M. D. Ill Amity-street. S. R. Kirby, M. D. 72 Tenth-stjeet. J. F. Mahon, >L D. 209 Wooster-street J. Mairs, M. D 462 Broome-street E. E. Marcy, JL D. 115 Tenth-street M. J. Mayer, M. D. R. -McMurray, iL D. 1*1 East Broadway. J. A. McVickar, M. D. 838 Broadway. J. W. Metcalf, M. D. 31 St Mark's Place. J. B. Morton, M. D. 71 Second Avenue. M. W. Palmer, M. D. 64 Rivington-street W. C. Palmer, M. D 54 Rivington-street. J. C. Peters, M. D. 742 Broadway. J. M. Quin, M. D. 148 Ninth-street A. Reisig, M. D. 33 West Fourteenth-street S. E. Shepard, M. T). 67 Greenwich Avenue. H. .Sherrill, M. D. 513 Hudson-street. D. E. Steams, iL D. 19 West Twenty-second-st. W. Stewart, M. D. 141 Eighth-street J. L. Sullivan, M. D. Thirty-ninth Street. F. Vanderburgh, M. D. 742 Broadway. L. T. Warner, M. D. 172 Fifth Avenue. it J. Wescott AL D. 34 Dominick-street E. West M. D. 103 Fourth Avenue. F. L. Wilsey, .M. D. 588 Houston-street, 5 doors West of Broadway. A. D. Wilson, M. D. 42 Walker-street I G. Worrall. M. D. 267 Houston-street C. Wright, M. D. 16 West Fourteenth-street 143 SiMILIA SiMILIBUS CuRANTUR. lAkc CUTCS like. Homoeopathy is the name of the new science of Medicine. It has made and is still making very rapid progress in the World, but various erroneous notions are prevalent in respect to it. By most it is thought to consist iii giving, what they term, ridiculously small doses of medicine. Nothing could be further from the truth. The advocates of this system do indeed reject the nauseous and injurious doses of the old school, but for another reason than that they are too large. The fundamental principle of the science is con tained in the mottoes at the head of this page, and may be expressed more at length, thus : Administer a drug to a healthy person and note the effects ; when similar symptoms appear in one who is sick, that is the medicine that must be given to cure him. The homoeopaths have already tried over two hundred drugs upon the healthy, and recorded their effects ; from these re cords they judge what medicine to give to a patient, by examining with care to ascertain what medicine has produced in the healthy, a disease the most similar possible to that of the patient. It will thus be seen that the question is, not how much medicine to give, but what medicine shall be given. The promulgator of this great reform was Samuel Christian Fredkric Hahnemann, a German, born at Meissen in Saxony, on the 10th of April, 1755. He received the degree of Doctor of medicine at the University of Erlangen on the 10th of August, 1778, and practiced in various places in Germany, employing his leisure time in translating works of science from the various languages of Europe into German for publication. While en- gaged upon a Materia Medica he was struck with the fact stated that Peru- vian bark, which was well known to cure fever and ague, would produce symptoms similar to that disease when taken by a healthy person. He pro- ceeded to test this fact by experiment upon himself in relation to other drugs as well as the bark, and thus, step by step, laid the foundation for the new healing art. He died on the 2nd day of July, 1843, in Paris. The system, which he named Homoeopathy, is now extensively diffused in every civilized country of the Globe, and is constantly advancing and developing new re- sources every day. Its adherents claim that it will ere long supercede every other method. 144 UST OF SIXTY-SIX FHYSfSIA^S, AlpYanHpr TT Stevens Alexander F. Vache, J. M. Carnochan, Willard Parker, W. H. Jackson, Fdward Delafield. 1 I al U. j_/^i'*ii^-'-~3 Peter Pratt, John W. Francis, J. W. Schmidt, Thomas 0>ck, J. R. Wood, James C. Bliss, T. Chalmers, C R Gilman Tcjui/* W oon WiDiam Power, TTiornas Rovn J. J, O'Reilly, Joseph Jkl. Smith, Jared Linsly, S, A. Sabine^ T) Afprpflith Tifpse J, Ca Cheesman, ■ T , P r oi 1 d foot, Richard Hofftnan, TV HI. Detmold, J. A. Swett, John TATatson Benjamin Ogden, J 0 Reales \a 0 Pprris JL^a X X ^w, Sam 1 1 p1 ATnriTP F V Johnson -X. ■ a '.J \_'11110V/11, Saniiipl Afornpllan W illiain Rockwpll V V xxxxUfXx X xtfvujv tt ^xx , Isaac Greene, J TT (tH scom f/ a X iO\^V/XXX^ TVJ Aforrpll X ^ • JJX\/1. X \/lX, 0. P. Wells, "W. C. Wallace, Alexander Hosack, A r Post 33a vid Green, John ^pilson James Anderson, ■R S Kissam Gurdon Buck, Lewis Savre, A. Dubois, George Wilkes, G. Carter, Horace Green, H. G. Cox, Isaac E. Taylor, Thomas Rochester, Alban Goldsmith, T. Halst€d, A. B. Whiting, T. Markoe, S. P. White, W. A. Blakeman. 145 The following article is furnished, at our request, by Dr. D. Meredith Reese, of this city, as a statement of the principles and claims of what is commonly called by the name of " Allopathy," which he disclaims. Editor. i The REGULAR physicians of the present day, with one voice, utterly repudiate all the \ i nicknames by which the various medical sects of the present day are wont to disparage \ \ and misrepresent them. They claim to be the legitimate successors of the regularly edu- $ t cated Physicians and Surgeons, whose cultivation of Rational or Scientific Medicine, \ during centuries of the past, has rendered the names of so many of them immortal. > > They reverence the profound research, patient investigation, laborious inquiry, and \ < truthful records, which have descended to us in an unbroken line from remote antiquity ; < ^ regarding these as an invaluable heritage from a multitude of witnesses whose profound ' and varied learning, both scholastic and professional, transcend all that can be claimed \ ? for the ancient votaries of any other human science. And yet they disclaim the appella- J < tion of " OLD school" in the sense intended by those who use it, or in any other sense ; S than in contra-distinction to the numerous innovating theories of " phylosophy falsely so '/ \ called," of which ignorance, presumption, and avarice are the sources in these latter \ ^ days ; and which ignore all the knowledge and experience of the past, hence assuming > i the title of " the new school!" In like manner all regular physicians repudiate the name \ i and the thing " Allopathy," as well as any other title designating them as a sect or party, > or school, since the proud edifice of medical science, which they are contributing to rear, i adorn, and perfect, disdains all such narrow and contracted limits as such diminutive i appellatives imply. j Regular physicians are those who, availing themselves of all the knowledge in relation J to health, disease, and remedies, which can be gathered from " philosophy teaching by ^ example " in all the history of the past, diligently superadd all the cumulative results of < modem inquiry, improvement, and discovery, so far as either is demonstrated to be tme, < by practical experience. They " call no man Master" among all the school-men, either \ ancient or modem ; they are not wedded to any theory or dogma either new or old, s except so far as their love of truth constrains ; and hence they haU and welcome, and are i perpetually adopting every novelty in every department, and from whatever source, I whether in theory or practice, which commends itself to their intelligence as worthy of 5 co\ifidence, when proved by experience, which, in this connection, is their only test of j truth. J Regular physicians, worthy the name, are educated men, trained in their profession ^ by didactic and clinical teaching, and recognizing such only as their fellows who have j given full proof of their qualification, as the established tribunals of the profession < demand; and have subsequently shown their just appreciation of the dignity, honor, and ^ benevolence which belongs to the fratemity, by fealty to the science, in its principles and ^ in its ethics, and by steadfast antagonism to quackery. Regular physicians claim to belong to a liberal profession, and hence have no secret i remedies, or exclusive pretensions to a knowledge of specifics for any class of diseases ; i and for the reason that it is their first and highest duty to promulgate for the common i benefit, whatever they know or leam, as this is the dictate of both science and humanity. <. Such, in brief, are the characteristics of the regular profession of Medicine and 5 Surgery in Europe and America. < 146 LIST OP THE Principle Hjdfopatliic EstaHisliments aod Pfactitionefs IN THE UNITED STATES. Hydropathic and Hygienic Institute, 15 Laight-street, New- York. R. T. Trail, M. D. Proprietor ; Dr. G. S. Hosford, Assistant. New-York City Water Cure, 184 Twelfth-street. Dr. O. H. Wellington ; G. W. Taylor, M. D. 2 Eleventh-street, New-York ; Mrs. Hester A. Horn, 9 Abingdon Place, New- York. Highland Home Water Cure, Fishkill Landing, 'New- York. C. W. May, M. D. Saratoga Water Cure, Saratoga Springs, New- York. Dr. N. Bedorthee. Lebanon Springs Water Cure, New Lebanon Springs, New- York. Dr. Cambell, Pro- prietor ; Joel Shew, M. D. Glen Haven Water Cure, Scott, Cortland Comer, New-York. Jas. C. Jackson, M. D. Elmira Water Cure, Elmira, New-York. S. O. Gleason, M. D. Mount Prospect Water Cure, Binghampton, New- York. H. M. Ranney, Proprietor ; O. V. Thayor, M. D. New Grafenberg Water Cure, near Utica, New- York. Dr. R. Holland. Forestville Water Cure, Forestville, Chetaque Co. New- York. Drs. Parker and Avery. Wyoming Water Cure, Wyoming Co. New-York. Dr. P. C. Hayes. Greenwood Springs Water Cure, Cuba, Allegany Co. New- York. Dr. Parry. Orange Mountain Water Cure, South Orange, N. J. C. F. Sellers, Proprietor ; Dr. Tallner, Physician. Boston Water Cure, 14 Franklin-street. G. A. Kittredge, M. D. Worcester Water Cure, Worcester, Mass. S. Rogers, M. D. Easthampton Water Cure, Easthampton, Mass. Dr. E. Gnell. Northampton Water Cure, Burtonville, Mass. Dr. C. Munde. Round Hill Water Cure, Northampton, Mass. Dr. Hall. Athol Water Cure, Athol, Mass. Geo. Field, M. D. Newport Water Cure, Newport, R. I. Dr. W. G. Ash. Brattleboro' Water Cure, Brattleboro', Vt. Dr. McGraw. Concord Water Cure, Concord, N. H. Dr. Vail. Pennsylvania Water Cure, Phillipsburg, Pa. Edward Acker, M. D. Brownsville Water Cure, Brownsville, Pa. Dr. C. Baelz. Cleveland Water Cure, Cleveland, Ohio. P. P. Seelye, M. D. Yellow Springs Water Cure, Yellow Springs, Ohio. A. Cheney, M. D. ; C. W. Bigler, M. D. Sugar Creek Falls Water Cure, Sugar Creek Falls, Ohio. Dr. Freak. Auburn Water Cure, Auburn, Alabama. Dr. W. G. Reed. (For principles of Homoeopathy, see next page.) 147 R. T. TRALI., XME. X>. 15 IiAIOHT-St. BrUW -rORB. The system known as Hydropathy or Water Cure, may be more correctly ex- pressed by the term. Hygienic Medicine. Its remedial agents embrace all the ele- ments of hygiene ; hence all drug-medicines are excluded. For this reason it assumes to be the true }iealing art, and regards all modifications of drug-treatment as the off-shoots of a false philosophy. The philosophy of Water Cure is based on the general propositions, that health consists in a harmonious state and action of all the bodily and mental functions, these being dependant on due quantities, qualities, relations, and proportions of those influences which develop and sustain the living organism, viz. light, air, temperature, water, food, exercise, and the passions ; and that the deviations from, or derangements of such harmonious state and actions, constitutes our diseases. Health, therefore, is a natural and positive state, and hence the only natural mode of medication — the true healing art— consists in the proper application and regulation of the same in- fluences, whose disordered relation sare cQsease. In other words, disease is the ab- normal condition of ordinary hygienic influences ; and the remedy consists in restoring their normal relations. Nature is thus the real physician, and the whole legitimate practice of medicine consists in supplying favorable conditions. The appliances of Water Cure embrace everything pertaining to the laws of life, and involve the control of all the patient's voluntary habits. The most important are bathing, drink, diet, exercise and rest, sleep, clothing, ventilation, friction, fomenta- tions, Editor. > 154 SrPfflSiif iiiiBIa This fine area, occupying the memorable site of the old " Stutve8ant I Meadows," where, in former winters, many a luckless urchin has broken his > skates and his cranium on the ice, in honor of > " Holland's broad and icy plains, i " Where ladies hold the silken reins," s is divided into equal parts by the Second Avenue between Fifteenth and 5 Seventeenth Streets, East of Union Square. It is enclosed by a strong iron > fence, in compliance with one of the conditions imposed upon the Corporation > by Peter G. Stuyvesant, Esq. when he gave the ground to the city to be \ used as a " Pctblic Park." This munificent donation perpetuates the libe- I rality and the name of a distinguished individual of the good old " Knicker- \ BOOKER Rack," which is fast becoming irrecoverably amalgamated with the \ hundred branches of the great " Manahatta Tribe." In a few short years 5 the Cosmopolitan Society of New- York will bid a final adieu to every appa. \ rent vestige of the American " Amsterdam," exceptuig the graceful semi-circle | of P^arl-street, and the commodious harbor of Communipaw, on the Jersey I shore. < The financial fashions of Paris, the cockney dialect of London, and the \ Yankee Notions of Boston, have utterly superceded the moderation, the | honesty, and the simplicity of Governor Stuyvesant, Deiderieh Knicker- > bocker, and Peter Van Twiller. Alas, for the amalgamating progress of the | present age ! > But, to return to the Park, which is a residuary legacy of this race : it is \ graced, on its exterior, by St. George's Church, not St. Nicholas', as well as \ many private mansions ; and -within, by a Croton Fountain, shrubbery, trees, \ and flowering herbs. It is one of the too few " respiratory organs " of the \ American metropolis, and as such, cannot fail to remain an attractive centre \ of Wealth and Fashion, for centuries to come. \ Of the other Parks on the Island, of which there are several of large \ dimensions, in the Upper Wards, yet mostly unimproved, there will be no \ occasion for treating in this work. < Editor. > 155 O" . cfc! o. 13 js n Jtn X ]\r , HOUSE PTTHITISHING TXTA HERO Oil S, nro. 601 BROADWAY, New-York, fitnporters, anlr Sil^^olesale anXs Hctail iBeal^s fn all fctnlrs of O VSE-KEEPIJVCt M^Rn KE, Ogaaacscps^g, ^aa-;^csap l^aaaOooa "v^^sicp®© JAPANSrilRY, GERMAN SILVER & BRITANNIA WARE, COMPOSITION, ENAMELLED & IRON HOXjiIjOATVT' x\7-y\jFii:, BRONZED, COPPER, AITO BRASS GOODS, BATHING APPARATUS, Tin, Wood, and Willow Wares, Brashes, Mats, Baskets, &e. 156 The careful houae-keepera of every great city need juat such an establishment as that of the Mesara. Berrian, the exterior aapect of which is represented on the opposite page, but the ladies of no other city in America, excepting New-York, enjoy such a privilege. With the exception of crockery, carpets and cabinet ftimiture, this comprehensive warehouse presents to the choice of the purchaser an indefinite variety of domestic implements and household goods, used in famiUes of the higher and middling classes of society, both in town and country, from the trap that catches the mouse to the candelabra which illuminates the drawing room. The Messrs. Berrian being large importers and extensive manufacturers of their own goods, spare no reasonable pains in keeping their establishment in a condition to supply all ordinary demands in their line of trade. Does the little boy need a wagon, a pair of skates, or a velocipede ; the little girl a bird-cage, a hair- brush, or scissors ; the baby a cradle, a rattle, or a jumper ; all these things, and thousands beside, are found at Berrian'a. Located in the very centre of the population of the city, their new and costly building has seven floors, each 150 feet long, and 25 feet broad, making in all, floor-room to the extent of 26,250 feet. Add to this shelves and wall space, on which goods are exhibited as closely as they can be packed, and also ceilings from which numerous articles are tastefully suspended, and the whole cannot be less than 50,000 superficial feet, or one acre and a quarter, the quantity which a yoke of oxen can scarcely plough in a day. Through all this vast estabUahment, each article has its invariable price. This being strictly a one price store, any person may send a child, or an order, with implicit confidence. What won- der therefore, that with such magnificent store-rooms, abundance of capitiU, and superabundance of en- terprise, the Messrs. Berrian should do a business, both at wholesale and retail, unequalled in their department, not only in New- York, but in any city of the Republic. Editor. 157 English, French, and Gt^nnau FANCY GOODS, CHINESE ARTICLES of use and ornament, PAPIER MACHE GOODS. CARVED IVORY AND BERLIN IRON TEA TRAYS, WAITERS, BREAD TRAYS, CAKE TRAYS, Knife Trays ^ Boxes, And a great variety of useful and onia- mental Japanned Articles. O". etc o. Bunx^i^^NT Would invite the attention of Dealers to their assortment, as being greater in extent and variety than any other. Being constantly importing Staple and Novel Articles in their line, purchasers will always find a large assortment of new and fresh goods, from which to make their selections. The CUTLERY Department embraces a full supply from the best English and American Makers. Silver Flated, Warr, Sheffield, Birmingham, and American Manui'actare ; the largest assortment to be found in this country. They are also in constant receipt of the latest and most desirable Fancy articles from Paris and London. WARE, ■a a; rrt — s s " I- a s s s " I w c: 02 -S- 3^.2 2 S « OS - i-sco o g ^ »5 9 e_ ra =. « O u K m ® * ■S « -S & t-. . OS ^ ® o N a e S^Sc o > t- as §• 1— m rti ^•w S2 o3-S< O 0) « g OS tf o E Merchants in the same or similar lines of business, who purpose visiting the Great Exibition, are respectfully invited to examine their assoiiment. 158 MI BMNOTCI RUBBER CO. MANUFACTURERS & WHOLESALE DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF VULCAIII2ED INDIA RUeBER GOODS, Consisting of CLOTHlMa CLOTHS, BAGS, JOHNSON LETSON, President. 159 BOARDING HOUSE INTELLIGENCE OFFICE, Open at all hours of the day, from the commencement of the Fair to its close. One of the first and most important inquiries of visiters arriving in the city, during the progress of the Great Industrial Exhibition of the interesting specimens of industry from all nations, must necessa- rily be, for a comfortable home, either in a hotel, boarding house or private family. Many of all these classes of houses will be open for the hospitable accommodation of the many hundreds of thousands of strangers from the country and from foreign lands, who will throng the metropolis for several months during the season, arriving at all hours of every day and night, by steamers, railroads, ships and all other conveyances. That there should be a well accredited Intelligence Office in the most central part of the city, at which private families, and public houses of entertainment may deposit their cards exhibiting their ad- dresses, charges and accommodations, will be felt and acknowledged by all. Furthermore, that strangers visiting the city, singly or in parties, will greatly need an office of this kind, where they can make their own selection as to location and expense of their temporary abode in the city, none will question for a moment. Some parties will wish to write in advance, for the purpose of se- curing, if possible, suitable accommodations, in places most desirable. Such orders may be executed to some extent by Charles Spalding & Co, although, as a general thing, engagements to secure apartments for a long time in advance, cannot be expected. 160 INTELLIGENCE OFFICE. Parties in this city, Brooklyn, Williamsburgh, Jersey City and Hoboken, furnishing their cards - to this office, will receive the promptest and strictest attention, and will be supplied with guests as long as their accommodations will admit. The following are the uniform rules and regulations of the office, which all parties concerned are expected carefully to observe. 1. Every individual inquiring at the office for information is ex- pected to pay twenty-five cents for the first week, or fifty cents for the season, for which he receives a certificate, and will be entitled to any intelligence the books of the office may afford during the pe- riod of subscription. , 2. Every establishment entered upon the books of the office as subscribing, whether hotel, boarding house, saloon or private family, will be required to pay one dollar per month, or three dollars for the season, giving a card (in either plain manuscript or print to be kept on file) of prices, situation of apartments, and cost of entertainment. 3. All subscribers will be expected so far to regard their own in- terest and the convenience of strangers, as to report punctually at the office when their rooms are all occupied. In order to avoid fruitless applications for accommodation where no accommodations can be found, a faithful adherence to this rule will be esteemed one of the conditions of subscription. Office No. 307 Broadway, New- York. N. B. — All orders from abroad must be post-paid, and contain remittances of fees, either in cash or Post-office stamps, otherwise no answers will be returned. 161 NEWMAN & IVISON, FORMERLY MARK H. NEWMLAN & Co. BOOKSELLERS AND STATIONERS, ifS iilfii^Sfilif, Opposite St. Paul's Church Yard, NEW-YORE. PUBLISH THE I'OLLOWING VALUABLE BOOKS. Kitto's Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature, 2 vols. Jahn's Biblical Archaeology. Bush's Notes on the Pentateuch. The Church Psalmist. Sanders' Spelling and Reading Books, both old and new Series. Thomson's Popular Arithmetics. Willson's Series of Histories. Fasquelle's French Course. Porter's Rhetorical Reader. Woodbury's German Grammar. Comstock's Natural History. Hitchcock's Geology. Newman's Rhetoric. Parley's Universal History. McElligott's Analyser and Manual. Hastings' and Bradbury's Music Books. Our School Books are in use in every State in the Union, and give the most entire satisfaction. Any teacher who has not examined them, is invited to do so free of expense. Country merchants and Booksellers supplied with School, Miscellaneous and Music Books at the lowest rates, and all orders promptly filled. 162 This fine granite edifice occupies an entire Block, bounded by Wall-street, Exchange Place, William, and Hanover streets, in the first ward of the city. With the single exception of the Custom House, it is the most expensive building in New-York, having cost the company which erected it One Mil- lion and-a-half of Dollars. The Exchange is a fire-proof structure, composed of arched apartments throughout, surrounding a Rotunda eighty feet in dia- meter, eighty feet in heighth, and surmounted by a Dome, the whole being lighted fi-om above. Within this Rotunda, which is the general rendezvous of "Merchants on Change" and of Real Estate Auctioneers, ^re eight Corinthian columns of Italian marble, forty feet in altitude, and five in diameter. On the Wall-street facade is a recessed portico, adorned with eighteen granite columns, each of which is of a single block, weighing more than forty tons. These are the heaviest granite blocks in the city, and were transferred from the quarries of New England on the decks of Schooners, in pairs, one column on either side of the masts. From the Dock they were drawn up Wall-street, by means of powerfiil windlasses, attached to strong anchors buried in the earth, and moved by horses ; and by like means added to pow- erfiil dericks, composed of the trunks of large pines like masts of ships, man- aged by sailors, placed upon the pedestals at great expense. The cost of each column exceeded three thousand dollars. I As a rented building now o\vned by several capitalists, it yields only ] a small per-centage to the company ; but is of indispensable convenience | to the mercantile community. > An elegant Exchange building of less value, but almost new, was destroyed I by the Great Fire of 1835, which reduced to bankruptcy all the Insurance | Companies, and many of the merchants of the City ; most of the others follow- J ing them in the crisis of 1837. | The rapid growth of the Metropolis is fast throwing this building, the Cus- i tom-House, and Wall-street, out of the centre of business ; and the Bank? i are beg inn i n g to manifest this fact, by taking a line of march along Broadway, i even to the distance of the fifleenth ward. The vaults of Wall-street are no | longer able to contain all the specie of the Capital of the New World. Editor. ; 163 ; 164 The most remarkable revolution in the mercantile movements of the city, is that of substituting large Stores for small ones, and diminishing the per- centage of profits in proportion to the expansion of business. Tliis change, though destructive of the interests of small dealers, is greatly for the benefit of the country at large, by reducing the expenses of living, and thus aug- menting the capabilities of population. To a country having millions of square miles of uncultivated lands, and destined to regulate the commerce and politics of the world, this is an object of paramount importance. Merchandize of all descriptions which can be afforded at 10 per cent, profit in a small store with a rent of $1,000 and six clerks, can be sold to equal advantage to the jobber, in a large store, with 25 clerks and a rent four or five times as large, at a much smaller profit. An advantage, therefore, accrues to country dealers and consumers. This principle is completely revolutionizing the entire business of the city, and operating greatly to its advantage both by confining the stores to a smaller area, and by consxmiing less labor in the unproductive operations of exchanging commodities. And more than this, it embellishes the metropolis of the New World with structures of surpassing elegance. Among the class of wholesale dealers of this description, are the Brothers Greenway & Co., whose embellished Card occupies the preceding page. This house is of more than thirty years' standing in the city ; formerly in Hano- ver Square, Pearl-st. ; latterly at 45 Broadway, and now in Park Place and Barclay-st., second door from Colmnbia College. This firm transacts its business by the aid of a heavy capital, with mer- chants from all sections of the Republic, but mostly from the* Southern States, the elder Greenway being a native of Virginia. Their Store-Edifice is of white marble, situated in one of the most desirable localities of the city. The Irving, the Astor, and the American, are within two minutes' walk of their counting room ; and the Howard House, the Clinton Hotel, French's and Delmonico's, the United States and Tammany, close at hand. A branch of the Hudson River Rail-Road passes within fifty feet of their door, and the Park terminus of the Eastern Rail-Road is not 80 rods distant. It is not as a means of expanding their business that this and some other distinguished firms have given us their cards. They have done it principally to enable the Publishers of this Work to give a Card of the Citt worthy of the occasion of the " World's Fair " of 1853. Editor. 165 & CO. No. 24 PARK PLACE, AND IMPOETEKS & JOBBERS. MCI AID STAPLB D»f GOOODS, LARGE DEALERS IN • OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS. A Full Assortment of DRESS aOODS, ALFACAS, BOSZZIX17, F&IZVTS. A larg^e Assortment, Foreig^n and Domestic, on } Consig^nment. \ 166 5 NEW-YORK [Bam[B[Li© mm w®m OraCE AND SALES ROOM, Opposite New Haven R. R. Depot, manufactory, Cor. 6th Arenne and 47th-street, Neo.r the Crystal Palace, sr -^5^ => "sy sa. » The original and most extensive Manufacturers of Marble- ized Cast Iron Mantles, Table Tops, Columns, Pilasters, Clock Cases, Coimters, &c. &c. Also, all kinds of Castings for Buildings, such as "Window Lintels, Sills, Door-Ways, Columns, Balconies, &c. &c. &c. The above Company having just completed a new and moat extensive Foundry and Manufactory, beg leave to call the attention of Architects, Builders, and the Public generally, to their assortment of Marbleiied Iron Mantles, and other articles, which they are now producing on an enlarged scale — ^the beauty and designs of which, and their exquisite finish, has never been equalled, and cannot be excelled. The exact imitations of the finest varieties of Marble, such as Egyptian, Sienna, Bracatelli, Veri Antique. Agate, Prince Albert, Jasper, Pyrenese, Light Spar, White Statuary, &c. &c., have elicited the unqualified commendation of connoisseurs in Marbles, and fully established their popularity with the PubUc Some of the advantages of this discovery consist in its capability of withstanding a high degree oj htat, of resisting oils and acids, which stain and deface marble, and their cheapness, (being about one- third the cost,) in comparison with all other kinds of mantles ; also of being packed and sent with safety to all parts of the country. The Marbling Department is under the direction of Mr. E. DEMING, who first introduced this in- mUuable discovery to the Public, and demonstrated its practical utility and application to metals and other substances. Circulars, with plates, exhibiting the varieties of pattern, will be furnished when desired. Address Orders and communications to CHAKLES CROSBY, Secretary. 167 r D. F. TIEMANN & Co. MANUFACTURERS OF OIL AND WATER COLORS, AND IMPORTERS OF PATENT FRENCH ZINC WHITE, 45 FVIiVOlir-liT'RE^S^V, D. F. TIEMAKjr. J. W. TIEMANN. P. C. TIEMANN. NEW-YORK, IMPORTER AND DEALER IN No. 225 Greenwich-Street, THIRD HOUSE FROM BARCLAY-STREET, North River side of the city, and near Washington Market. 169 CHARLES SPALDING & CO.'S DEPOT, FOR THE SALE OF -A. Ij O O O IS.'S 307 BROADWAY, NEW- YORK. As Dr. Alcock lias transferred his Manufactory from the Third to the Fifteenth Ward, he has deemed it proper, for the accommoda- tion of his down -town customers and others, who may find it incon- venient to visit Bleecker- street, to appoint the subscribers his Agents, in the business part of the city. It is furthermore announced that Dr. Alcock's Teeth will be sold hereafter at the prices now charged by the principal American manu- facturers, viz. 20 cents apiece for gum teeth, and 10 cents for all other kinds. Orders accompanied with the cash will be punctually filled, at the publishing office of the New- York Pictorial and Business Direc- tory, 307 BROADWAY, where a Boarding-house Intelligence Office will be kept open for the accommodation of strangers during the season of the World's Fair. One dollar per month, or three dollars for the year, are the terms of entry for boarding-houses and hotels, and twenty-five cents the charge to each individual provided with information at this office. Letters from abroad will receive the like punctual attention as per- sonal applications. CHAELES SPALDING & Co., 807 Broadway. 170 eg ft ~> OO HOIiJflE^li & BUVIiXlR'fi FIRE, BURGLAR, and DAHP-PROOF THE ONIT ONES Hi USE MADE OF SOLID ANGLE ffiON. The snbscribers, in placing before the public their improvements upon the old Phcenix Safe, already so well tested and accredited, do so with a conTiction of their importance in rendering the safe perfectly free from dampness — a defect from which no other Safe in use is free — as well as in making them the strongest Safe known, being made of Solid Angle Iron, framed in such a manner as to form them into an almost solid mass, and make them resist not only the attacks of the burglar and fire, but even the blast furnace, a trial to which they have been already submitted. [Late Piebce &. Valentine,] Warerooms, 122 WATER-STREET, ]Vew-York. Powder Pwof, PennntatioD, CoffltinatioD, and other Locks constaDtly on hand, to suit porchaseis. 171 MECHAI¥I€S' I ]¥ S T I T T T E, Ho. 1 BOWERir, lOrBW-VORK. ✓www ^ (PHYSIOAL, MORAL, AND INTELLEOTUAL, FULL AND HARMONIOUS:) Slue onllg ^ntt Wnflin of ^popular liSettg. 172 MElMieg' imTUTB, . Duly Incorporated in the year 1833. Its Library of 5000 volumes, embracing Science, Art, and Greneral Literature, is arranged under the three fol- lowing general heads : 1. The Juvenile Department. 2. The Popular Department. 3. The Scientific Department. A Ladies' E,eading-Room, a Gentlemen's Reading-Room, and a Lecture and Conversation-Room. These rooms are all well ventilated, and well lighted, and are open daily from 8 A. M. to 10, P. M. Officers of the Army and Navy, and of the Commercial Marine, Engineers, Mechanicians, Professors in every de- partment of Science and Art, Educators, Editors, Travellers, Litelligent Foreigners, Citizens of the different States of the Union visiting or residing in New- York, are respectfully in- vited to call at the Mechanics' Institute. JAMES 'HENRY, Jun. Actuary. 173 GEORGE BLISS & CO. IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF ♦ 22 PARI 176 < Tbe most elegant and popular periodical published in Boston, I makes the following admission in regard to the world-renowned es- I tablishment, of which the picture on the opposite page is a represen- s tation of the entrance from Broadway : — \ " This celebrated establishment as it now stands, not only holds \ the first rank among all the places of amusement in New-York, but I is unequaled by any on the American Continent. Indeed it is con- l ceded by many Europeans who have visited all the capitals of France, I England, Germany, Spain and Italy, that Niblo's Garden, when the \ whole establishment is taken into consideration, is unsurpassed even : in Europe — containing as it does, under one roof, a spacious and \ magnificent opera house, a splendid concert hall and ball-room, with 5 richly-furnished reception parlors, drawing-rooms, dressing-rooms, < and a supper saloon sufficiently capacious to accommodate a thousand '> guests. Independently of these, which are almost nightly thrown open \ to the public, the entrance hall and lobbies are sufiiciently spacious to j accommodate an entire audience at one time, and even these are de- I corated in a style of splendor equal to the interior of our most sump- > tuous dwellings." \ If such is the acknowledgment of one of the distinguished literary \ writers of the capital of New England, a city so richly seasoned with \ ' " attic salt" as to be called the Athens of America, having more > than one Demosthenes to thunder in its forum, what shall the citizens \ of New- York itself hesitate to say of an establishment which, for I many years, has reconciled the Drama and the Church to such an > extent that Christians, of all denominations, as well as most of their I ministers, have no hesitation to listen with delight to the inimitable I music of the Bird of Avon, in Niblo's Garden ? Editor, m THE CIVILIZATIOI OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Among the new sciences of the present era, which is hereafter to be known as " THE AGE OF SCIENCE," Surgical Dentistry has taken pro- minent rank. This is not only true in the capital cities of Europe and Ame- rica, in which refinement is one of the types of human progress, but also in almost all the cities, towns, and villages in every christian land. In all former ages the loss of the teeth was regarded as one of the necessary characteristics of old age, and even of adolescence and manhood, as truly as the decay of vision ; and whilst the artists of those days had no optical in- struments for assisting the sight, so they had no competent methods of restor- ing the teeth. Neither in former ages had the surgical faculty any sure means of preserving these organs, which is far the most important function of dental surgery. Not so, in the present era. Thousands of individuals are at this moment masticating their food, and thus contributing largely to health and longevity, in the use of artificial substitutes, which are strictly their own, because they have purchased them with their money, and few of their ac- quaintances are apprized of the fact. Such is one of the beautiful and use- ful results of Dental Science. Many individuals of the regularly educated faculties of surgery and medi- cine have engrafted dental practice upon the healthy stock of their original profession. This has elevated dentistry to the rank of true science. Dental Colleges also are actively engaged in the same good work. Among this number is Dr. R. P. Cooke, M. D. the place of whose pro- fessional business is indicated by the aid of a skillful designer, on the oppo- site page, at No. 3 Great Jones-street, where he operates under the same roof with his original instructor in the dental art, Augustus Woodruff" Brown, having graduated at the New- York College of Medicine. It is hardly necessary to say, that, under such favorable auspices, and afler several years of successfiil practice in dentistry, Dr. Cooke may safely anticipate his just share of the confidence of the public. Editor. IT9 Astor House, Colman 61 Stetson, 221 Broadway. Barclay-street House, S. Van Buren, Corner of West-street. Bixby's Hotel, Daniel Bixby, 239 Broadway. Bond-street House, Charles Plinter, 665, Broadway. Bowery Hotel, Thomas Kirk, Corner Sixth-st. and Bowery. Bull's Head, Doolittle & Sargent, 304 Third Avenue. Cafe de Paris, Antoine Vignes, 334 Broadway. Carlton House, T. H. Hodges, 350 Broadway. Carroll House, M'Kinney Burt, 722 Broadway. City Hotel, G. W. Harper, 429 Broadway. Clarendon House, 0. C. Putnam, 60 Union Place. Clark's Exchange Hotel, O. Clark, 195 Chambers-street. Clifford House, Fish & Alexander, 23 Park Place. Clinton Hotel, A. B. Miller, 5 Beekman-street. Collaraore Hotel, G. M. Perry, 532 Broadway. College Hotel, J. M. Sanderson, 28 Murray-street. Collins' Hotel, Tallman and Mapes, Canal-street, corner West-street. Commercial Hotel, J. Patten, Jr. 73 Cortlandtstreet. Delavan House, W. A. Delavan, 8 Union Square. Delmonico's Hotel, L. Delmonico, 25 Broadway. Dey-street House, Merritt & Langley, 54 Dey-street, Drover's Hotel, R. Richey, 165 Washington-street. Eagle Hotel, L. St. John, 202 William-street. Earl's Hotel, Wm. P. Earl, 17 Park Row. Exchange Hotel, P. Lockwood, 163 West-street. Farmer's Hotel, W. S. Chamberlain, 245 Washington-street. Florence Hotel, R. Lovejoy, 400 Broadway. Francais Hotel, F. Fijux, il Barclay-street. Franklin Square Hotel, J. Rucastto, 328 Pearl-street. French s Hotel, R. French, City Hall Square. Fulton Hotel, J. Murphy, 164, East Broadway. Girard House, Davis and Damon, Hudson corner Chambers-street. Grammacy Hotel, G. Donadi, 908 Broadway. Gunter's Hotel, F. H. Gunter, 145 Fulton-street. Harris' Hotel, D. S. Harris, 314 Greenwich-street. Hotel de L'Europe, N. Bunel, 548 Houston-street. HOTELS IN THE CITY OF NEW-YOKK. I Howard House, S. T. Cox, 434 Broadway. i Howard Hotel, Qark & Bailey, 176 Broadway. i Irving House, W. H. Burroughs, Broadway corner Chambers-street. i Jersey Hotel, T. Arrowsmith, 71 Cortlandt-street. '< Judson's Hotel, C. Judson, 61 Broadway. \ Lovejoy's Hotel, J. S. Libby, 34 Park Row. ; Manhattan Hotel, S. Hawk, 7 Murray-street. > Mansion House, Steele &; Letson, 97 Chambers-street. > Mercantile Hotel, S. Ford, 6 Warren-street. \ Merchant's Hotel, Muyrhead & Clark, 41 Cortlandt-street. Metropolitan Hotel, S. Leland, 580 Broadway. ; National Hotel, G. Seeley, 5 Cortlandt-street. New Haven House, Huntoon & Fuller, 414 Broadway. i New-York Hotel, J. B. Monnot, 712 Broadway. Northern Hotel, Harrison & Son, 79 Cortlandt-street. I North River Hotel, P. G. Maloney, 106 Barclay -street, s Pacific Hotel, Salisbury & Wheeler, 170 Greenwich-street. I Paige's Hotel, D. S. Paige, 301 West-street. > Parker's Hotel, Parker & Brown, 7 Greenwich-street. i Paterson House, Brydon & Clai-k, 75 Cortlandt-street. ■> Patten's Hotel, J. Patten, 281 Greenwich-street. I Philadelphia Hotel, J. Kneeland, 1 West-street. i Pearl-street House, Porter & Cummings, 88 Pearl-street. ^ Prescott House, A. Degroot, Broadway comer Spring-street. < Revere House, J. L. Choppell, Broadway corner Thirty-first-street. > St. Charles Hotel, 347 Broadway. s St. Denis Hotel, D. Julien, Broadway comer Eleventh-street. I St. Nicholas Hotel, Acker, Tredwell & Co. 515 Broadway. ^ Shakspeare Hotel, E. Lievre, 9 Duane-street. Tammany Hotel, Howard & Brown, 166 Nassau-street. Taylor's Hotel, E. Taylor, 28 Cortlandt-street. I Tilton's Hotel, J. Tilton, 98 Vesey-street. ; Union Place Hotel, 860 Broadway. United States Hotel, Johnson and Carlton, Fulton-street corner Water. , Washington Hotel, J. Bartlett, 1 Broadway. I Webster Hotel, J. Webster, 4 Warren-street. I Western Hotel, D. D. Winchester, 9 Cortlandt-street. ^ Westchester House, C. S. Matthews, 148 Bowery. > Woodbury s Hotel, W. H. Woodbury, 135 Fulton-street. \ Wyckoffs Hotel, C. Wyckoff, 58 Warren-street. 181 INTERNATIONAL AGENCY, For negotiating the purchase and sale of Bonds, and other securities, Mineral Lands, Mining Rights, Patent Rights, Copy Rights, Shares, die. 182 It ifl no more the moral duty of man to provide the daily bread for his family while he lives, than it is to provide against their being left pennflesa in the event of his death. — Ediu. Journal, on Life Ina. LIFE INSURANCE. A3 EXHIBITED BY THE OP iraTT-TORS. Trinity Bailding, 111 Broadway. NET ACCUMULATED CASH FUND, $2,000,000. HAVE YOU KSURANCE OX YOUR LITE, FOR THE Benefit of a Surviving Family, Kelatives or Friends ? FROM THE MANY EVILS THAT JUY Arise ft'oin yonr unexpected Death, at a moment of embarrass- ment, perhaps of utter insolvency? Fmderick S. Winston, R. a M'CURDT, Jos. B. Collins, C. W. Fabeb, J. P. Yelvebton, Haul IN Blaxk, John H. Swift. J. Wads worth, Sam. M. Coenell, G. >L WlLKHNS, John V. L Pbutn, Geo. R. Clabk, Ezra Whkeler, John P, Treadwell, Abb. Bininger. M. H. Gbinnell, Alfred Edwards, William Betts, Joseph Blunt, Isaac G. Pearson, Samttel D. Babcock, William Moore, Jon. Miller, William H. Popham. ISAAC ABBATT, Secretary Cephas A. Nobtox, John M. Stcabt, Wm. J. BrNKER, Nath'l Hayden, l.YCURGUS EDGERTON, Eugene Dutilh, R. G. Moclton, SaM'L E. SPSOtJLLg, Chas. G. Stedmaw, Rich'd Patrick, Lucius Robinsox, Lewis Battelle. FREDERICK S. WINSTON, President. CHARLES GILL, Actuary. The rehef from anxiety afforded by Life Ineurnncc very frequently contributes to prolong the life oi tiie insured, at the same rime that it materially augments Uie comfort and well-being of those dependent on him. It has, also, an obvioua tendency to strengthen habits of accumulation. Having thus been lod to contract a habit of saving to a certain extent, it is most probable that the habit will acquire addition- al strength, and that he will insure an additional sum, or privately accumulate. — McCiilloch's Com. Vic. 183 til iW-f ill Pill iiiiiif , Corner of Twenty-third Street and Iiezinirton Avenne. This is one of the most valuable educational institutions, occupjing one of the most beautiful buildings in the city, capable of accommodating one thousand pupils. It is designed for males only who have graduated with honor at the Public Schools, and passed a strict examination by a committee appointed for the purpose. Education here is gra- tuitous, whether bestowed on the sons of the rich or the poor, the door of competition being open to all. The expense of the building, ground, and furniture, was about $80,000. A Free Academy for girls on a similar scale of magnificence is nearly ready for the admission of pupils , , , These two institutions are the noble offspring of the Public School and Ward fechool gystems, which are about to be consolidated into one. In all these establishments, amount- ing to inore than a hundred, including the primary Public Schools, not only instruction, but books, stationery and all appurtenances, are supplied to the pupils free of charge. This result of a system of enlightened legislation is worthy of the mneteenth century and of the Mercantile and Maritime Metropolis of the New "World. 184 A period has been reached in the history of this country when the Fine Arts are destined to take a rapid stride onwards, placing America foremost as a popular Educator in Art. A NEW INVENTION has been made, by which the finest productions of Europe may be re-produced in all their original beauty. It is well known that the best engravings are produced in England and upon the Continent of Europe. The nature of the invention is such that the subscriber, by a chemical process, is enabled to produce line engravings which are fac- similes of the original. Those persons who have been prevented ft'om purchasing the choice Art Publications of Europe, through the insurmountable barrier of price, will now be enabled to gratify their taste for them at a small cost Many of the Chefs-d'oeuvres of the Old World are now ready, or in the course of publication. The Engravings nearly ready are, the splendid composition of Hannah, entitled Harvey Demon- strating to Charles I. the Theory of the Circulation of the Blood ; The Wolf and the Lamb, by Mul- ready ; The Angler's Daughter and The Falconer's Son, by Landseer; The Rubber of Whist, by T. Webster. AlflERICAlV WORKIS. In addition lo the re-publication of Foreign Engravings, the subscriber has also engaged in the issue of American productions, comprising Landscapes, Portraits, Scenes and Incidents from American History. Among the most important he would mention Cole's Four Great Pictures, illustrating the four great periods in the life of man, Childhood, Youth, Manhood, and Old Age, which vdll be faithful copies of the original, and executed in the highest style of art. To those persons not familiar with these great productions, we refer them to Rev. L. L. Noble's work on the Life and Works of Cole. Another branch of art will also engage the attention of the subscriber; the production of National Medals of our great men, and of the world's great events. Of these he has now ready the magnificent medallion Ukeness of Webster and Clay, which vie with the old countiy in beauty of design and general execution, whilst they are much cheaper. They are beautiful ornaments for the centre table, and the choicest and most imperishable memorials of our great men. PORTFOLIOS AND PORTFOLIO STANDS. To those persona not desiring to frame their prints, Portfolios and Stands, of wood or iron, will be furnished at a reasonable rate, which will be an ornament to the drawing-room and a source of pleasure for the members of each household. The price of a suitable frame for a large sized print is usually five dollars. By the expenditure of the same money, a Stand and a Portfolio may be furnished, where all the prints purchased, from time to time, may be inserted- It is the aim of the publisher to foster a taste for the Fine Arts among the people of America, and trusts, in so doing, he may meet with the cooperation of the American public. APPLE TON'S 356 BROADWAY. 185 Jfllllei*, Coates «& Youle. No. 279 PEARL-STREET, IMPORTERS OF FOR FI^OORS, Garnkirk Chimney Tops. &c. Sec. iLAmm mmm ailwat^ m maTOo MAUUFACTURERS OF CORNER OF CENTRE AND FRANKLIN STREETS, 534 J BROADWAY, Imitations of the richest and most expensive Marbles, on Wood, Iron, Terra-Cotta, Stone, &c. Mantels, Columns, Pedestals, Bases, Wainscoting for Vestibules and Halls, Sliip Cabin work. Store Counters, Vases, Table Tops, &c. made to order, and kept on hand. 186 jtiirroir-s ENCAUSTIC tuj.^ m 279 Pearl St. New-York. lai. ,'/?'t}t . of' fa. I N? 179 Pearl St. New- York. N? 279 Pearl St. New -York. 125. i 1 4 1 I il Ztih- of Na^eh JJ W^hiA](Lf, for every department of ARCHITECTURAL EMBEL- LISHMENT, in appropriate STYLE, consistent with its ANCIENT REVIVED or MODERN character, and havrng greatly extended his facilities for production, is prepared to ESTIMATE and UNDERTAKE WORKS, to any extent, and to meet every requirement as to QUALITY and SPEED, or necessity as to PRICE. A classified Tariff forwarded on application as above. 1 98 STAINED GLASS MANUFACTORY, if i ill if i 11 j This unique Establishment is one of the finest ornaments of Broadway, '< as well as one of the most delightful repositories of Art in the Metropolis. ^ The premises cover four lots of ground with a front of fifty feet on Broad- s way. The opposite page which contains a view of the fi-ont elevation of the ^ structure, explains, in general terms, the character of Mr. Gibson's manu- '< factures. But written and spoken language united with pictorial embellish- ^ ments can not describe the wonders of art which this establishment contains. < To be comprehended they must be seen, and Mr. Gibson opens his rooms \ to the respectable portion of the public at all business hours of the day \ and evening. The lovers of Eocsesiologt will find at Mr. Gibson's such facilities for ultimating their views in regard to decorating churches, as cannot feU to improve their conceptions and gratify their love of art. To his extensive collection of artistic workmanship, architects, and others interested in any kind of ornamental building, are respectfully invited. We hazzard nothing in asserting that the specimens of decorative art and other curiosities of ancient and modem execution in these numerous rooms, will be found to bear comparison, as relates to artistic invention and skilful execution, with any exhibition in the countiy, in any branch of the arts of design. La this temple of genius and museum of art, may be seen, in addition to the works of Mr. Gibson's own hands, some of the finest specimens of the oil paintings of old masters, to be found in the city ; also an immense library of books treating upon the art of staining glass with indestructible colors. Beautiful statuary and fine engravings are scattered profusely in all parts of the edifice. Curious Stranger ! When you shall have visited the Crystal Palace the Academy of Design, the Mammoth Stores, and the Merchants' Palaces of New- York, imagine not that you have exhausted the resources of instruction and entertainment which the Metropolis affords, until you shall have spent an hour at Gibson's. 199 It would be improper that this volume should go forth to the world as a Card of the great and good things of the American Metropolis, without re- cording the munificence of one of our eminent citizens, announced to the public during the past year. This individual is Peter Cooper, Esquire, one of the Merchant Princes of New- York, who has nobly established his title to the name by a princely benefaction devoted to the establishment of a literary, scientific and artistic fnstitution, bearing the name of its founder. ' The edifice for the use of the Cooper Institute is already in the process of erection at the head of the Bowery, where that broadest avenue of the city branches into the Third and Fourth Avenues, and near the magnificent Bible House lately completed. The position is very central as regards the population of the city, and the accommodation of pupils and the public. It is high and airy, overlooking most other parts of the island. It is in fact one of the very few points in the city at which many important roads and avenues converge. Hence the site may be regarded as admirably well chosen for the purpose. It is the will of Mr. Cooper that both sexes should enjoy equal privileges in this Institution, a feature which imparts to it a peculiarly popular charac- ter, and cannot fail to enhance its usefulness and importance. Courses of lectures in literature, science and art, are prominent among Mr. Cooper's designs in founding this Institute. These lectures will be con- ducted from year to year under the direction of Boards of Managers or Trus- tees appointed especially for the purpose. The privileges of this magnificent establishment will be as free to all that prove themselves deserving, as the genial breezes which wafted from distant climes the wealth that procured them. Editor. 200 THE ASTOR LIBRARY. During hi& later years the celebrated John Jacob Astor, who alone con- stituted for a long period " The North American Fur Company," amassing a princely fortune, provided means for the erection of two edifices which are among the architectural ornaments of the city. These are the "Astob House " and " Astor Library ;" one in Broadway, opposite the Park, and the other in Lafayette Place, in the centre of the city. Although these two institutions are of widely different character, (the one providing for the body, and the other for the mind,) they are both highly honorable to the munificence and public spirit of their founder. Of the for- mer we have spoken on another page of this work, and shall here give a few interesting particulars respecting the latter. The Astor Library, which will soon be opened to the public free of charge, occupies a fine edifice erected for the purpose on lots valued at 30,000 dollars, at a cost of building limited to $75,000. Of the whole bequest, $400,000, one hundred and twenty thousand are to be invested in books, and the remaining $175,000 is placed at interest, which is to be appropriated by the Trustees to the support of the institution, the purchase of additional books, or the establishment of lectures. The books purchased for this institution are to be of the most rare and expensive kinds, such as are not usually found in the other libraries of the city. More than 20,000 volumes have already been carefully selected by Mr. J. G. Cogswell, the superintendent, who has spent several seasons in Europe for this purpose. The library hall is 100 feet long, 60 broad and 40 high, capable of accom- modating 100,000 volumes. The Board of Trustees appointed in Mr. Astor's will, are the Mayor of the City, the Chancellor of the State, Washington Irvnng, Wm. B. Astor, Daniel Lord, Jr. James G. King, Joseph G. Cogswell, Fitz Green Halleck, Henry Brevoort, Jr. Samuel B. Ruggles, Samuel Ward, Jr. and Charles Bristed, who have the power of appointing their successors. The regulations in regard to the use of the books will be determined by the Trustees ; and inasmuch as the contents of this library embrace all the principal languages of the world, especially those of Europe and America, this institution does not preclude the necessity of other free libraries of a more popular character, which other philanthropists may choose to bequeath to the city. Editor. 201 AMENDING THE ORDINANCES ENTITLED "ORDINANCES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF HACKNEY COACHES IN THE CITY OF NEW- YORK," PASSED MAY 5, 1848. The Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of the city of New- York, in Common Council convened, do ordain as follows: The Title 3d of said ordinance shall be amended, so as to read as follows : TITLE 3 OF THE RATES AND PRICES OF FARES. The prices or rates of fares to be taken by, or paid to the owners or drivers of hackney coaches or carriages, shall be as follows : 1st. For conveying a passenger any distance not exceeding one mile, fifty cents ; for conveying two passengers the same distance, seventy five cents, or thirty-seven and a half cents each; and for every ad- ditional passenger, thirty-seven and a half cents. 2nd. For conveying a passenger any distance exceeding a mile, and within two miles, seventy-five cents ; and for every additional pas- senger, thirty-seven and a half cents. 3rd. For conveying a passenger to the New Alms-house and re- turning, one dollar ; and for every additional passenger and return- ing, fifty cents. 4th. For conveying one passenger to Fortieth-street and remain- ing half an hour, and returning, one dollar and a half; and for every additional passenger, fifty cents. 5th. For conveying one passenger to Sixty-first street, and re- maining three quarters of an hour, and returning, two dollars ; and for every additional passenger, yJ/iy cents. HACKNEY COACH FAKES. I Qth. For conveying one passenger to Eighty-sixth street and re- s maining one hour, and returning, two dollars and a half ; and for \ every additional passenger seventy-five cents. \ 7th. For conveying one or more passengers to Harlem and re- \ turning, with the privilege of remaining three hours, ^ve dollars; or \ to the High Bridge, five dollars, with the same privilege. | 8th. For conveying one or more passengers to King's Bridge and \ returning, with the privilege of keeping the carriage all day, five \ dollars. \ 9th. For the use of a hackney coach or carriage by the day, with \ one or more passengers, five dollars. \ 10th. For the use of a hackney coach or carriage by the hour, I with one or more passengers, with the privilege of going from place \ to place, and stopping as often as may be required, one dollar an hour. | 11th. In all cases where the hiring of a hackney coach or carriage > is not at the time thereof specified to be by the day or hour, it shall I be deemed to be by the mile. 5 12th. For children between two and fourteen years of age, half \ price is only to be charged ; and for children under two years of age, > no charge is to be made. I 13th. Whenever a hackney coach or carriage shall be detained, | excepting as aforesaid, the owner or driver shall be allowed after the I rate of seventy five cents an hour. | Adopted by the Board of Aldermen. April 15, 1853. | Adopted by the Board of Assistants, April 18, 1853. | Approved by the Mayor, April 21, 1858. | D. T. VALENTINE, Clerk C. 0. 203 POILNHIMS IP III Illiliii SVIBinill PRINTING AND PUBLISHING SOCIETY. ANGELIC "TTl^DOU CONOEKNING THE BMW mm MM sas mwnm mmm. , ONE VOL. 8vo. pp. 180. PRICE 30 cents. ANGELIC •WISDOM CONCERNING THE ONE VOL. 8vo. pp. 274. PRICE 40 cents HE A VEW, THE WOBL© OF SPIBITS, AIVD HEIiL.. ONE VOL. 8to. pp. 351. PRICE 50 cents. THE imt ©HBIiTIAIi EELISIOI^, OR THE UNIVERSAL THEOLOGY OF THE NEW CHURCH; WITH THE CORONIS AND A COPIOUS INDEX. ONE VOL. 8vo. pp. 1002. PRICE f 1 50. THE ARCANA CCELESTIA. The Heavenly Arcana which are contained in the Holy Scriptures, or the Word of the Lord, unfolded ; with a new and copious Index. TO BE ISSUED IN 10 VOLUMES. Vol. I. pp. 568. PRICE $1 00. iroi^Lisr yvTiTiE3xr, Agent for the American Swedenborg Printing and Publishing Society 139 NASSAU-STREET, NEW-YOHE. 204 Railroad Termioi and Depots. | New- York has at last become fully awake to the commercial importance ^ of rail-road conveyance by land, as she has been from the beginning of > steam-boat transportation by sea. Eight important rail-road lines converge I in the metropolis, at the present time, occupying all the routes indicated by < nature, as either necessary or useful. These eight lines are continuous to the ? remotest parts of the country, in every direction. One traverses Long Isl- i and on the route to New England, whilst another takes the same general di- I rection through Westchester County along the Sound. The former is known > as the Long Island, and the latter as the New Haven Railroad. Two also I proceed to the Capital of the State, and thence to Boston on the east, Canada I on the north, and to all the greater and lesser lakes on the west. l"hree oth- i ers meet at Jersey City, one from Lake Erie, one from Easton Pa. and one ^ from Washington, Baltimore, and Philadelphia, and delivers its freight and > passengers at South Amboy, on the way from the southern states. Thus has j been completed, within a few years, the entire system of rail-road access to ^ the City, which its social, political, or commercial interests can demand. In- ^ dependently of these general lines, three others traverse the city from North > to South. Of these the Fourth Avenue Harlem Line has its Southern ter- | minus at the City-Hall Park, directly opposite the Astor-House. ; Two others, the Sixth and Eighth Avenue lines have their common ter- > minus at the junction of Church and Barclay -street, directly in the rear of .1 St. Pauls' Church and the Astor ; and the Sixth Avenue L'ne has a branch I track through Canal-street to Broadway. All these lines of Cars relieve Broadway etfectually above Fulton-street, whereas South of that street the throng of pedestrians, Carts, Waggons, Carriages, Hacks and Omnibuses, is ; sometimes not merely impassable, but absolutely immovable. > The means of relieving this part of Broadway, which is the principal i route to all the important ferries, have not as yet been devised. The exten- I sion of the Bowery to Pearl street, and a railroad by that route to the Bat- ! tery, would do much towards effecting the necessary reform : but this would s require the latter street to be remodelled, and its breadth increased at least ; 30 feet, at an expense of millions of dollars. Excepting on the Avenues, or > in Broadway, and Greenwich street, few more railroads are either practicable or desirable in the city. The Greenwich- street line has already been assign- ! ed to a company incorporated for its construction. , The Depot of the New Haven Rail-Road is in Canal-street, opening into } Broadway. The Depot of the Hudson River Rail-Road is at the junction i of Chamber-street and West Broadway. That of the Erie Rail- Road is at = the foot of Duane-street. i 205 .LIPS inSTJEl-HCE COMPAUr OF WEW-YORK. OFFICE, i37 SBOABWAY, CORNER OF PARK PLACE. 206 [K]®M^[^[D) LIFE I^SUBAIieE SOUIPAIiY, Office, No. 237 Broadway, Corner of Park Place, IVew-York, This Company makes Insurance against life risks, upon the mutual system^ either for the whole term of life, or a more limited period, on the most fa- vorable terms. Policies are also granted to be paid the Assured upon their attaining the age of 40, 50, or 60 years. Persons Insured in this Company have the privilege of crossing the At- lantic to ports in Europe, in Steamships or first class sailing vessels, at all seasons of the year, without extra charge. California, Australia, and other foreign risks taken at moderate extra premiums. Pamphlets and full particulars respecting insurance may be obtained on application at the office of the Company. S. Cambreleng, Jno. L. Buckley, Albert Ward, N. H. Wolfe, Lemuel Bangs, John R. Suydam, F. W. Edmonds, Benj. Babcock, R. W. Howes, George Clark, JACOB REESE, President. Wm. V. Porter, Secretary. R. G. H. Huntikgton, Actuary. S. Cambrelesg, Counsel. MZSDICAL EZAiailVE&S. John T. Metcalfe, M. D. 34 East Fourteenth-street. Edward Fields, M. D. 4 Charlton-street. This Company has deposited with the Comptroller, in accordance with the laws of the State of New-York, One Hundred Thousand Dollars, available, in case of loss, to all parties insured throughout the United States. 207 Jacob Reese, James S. Sandford, Henry Beadel, Robert Schell, Francis A. Palmer, Geo. W. Riggs, Joseph Foulke, Henry S. Leverich, Saml. H. Foster, Joseph Britton, Curtis Jndson, John Gray, Jacob Aims, J. W. Mersereau, Wm. N. Mclntire, Nathan Starr, J. W. Kellogg, Jno. S. Harris, Eugene Dutilh, John Slosson, The Boats on the Ferries of New- York are pronouuced by travellers the finest in the world. Many of them in fact are nothing less than floating steam-bridges, having comfortable saloons for the convenience of passen- gers, carefully ventilated in summer, and warmed to a pleasant temperature in winter, by means of steam-pipes connecting with the machinery. The size and form of these boats vary according to the length and character of the routes on which they run ; some of their routes being ten miles, and others but half a^mile. The Ferry-boats constructed most like sea-going ves- sels, are those crossing the Hudson and the Bay to New-Jersey and the Isl- ands. Those most like floating-bridges, carrying Funeral Processions, wag- gons, carts and carriages, are on the East River, plying between New-York on the one side, and Brooklyn, Williamsburgh, Greenpoint, and Astoria on the other. The Ferries are as follows, the longest are from Whitehall, to the Quarantine, Staten Island, 6 miles. Battery Place, to New Brighton, " " 7 " Canal-street, to Fort Lee, New Jersey, 9 " Peck-slip, to Astoria, Long Island, 7 " There are three Ferries to Hoboken, viz : From the foot of Canal-street, \ " " Christopher-street, > to Hoboken. " Barclay-street, ) One from the foot of Courtlandt-street, to the foot of Montgomery-street, Jersey City. 208 FERRIES OF NEW-YORK. The Ferries from New- York to Brooklyn, are seven in number, viz Hamilton, from Whitehall, to the Atlantic Dock, Brooklyn. South, " " " foot of Atlantic-street. " Wall, « foot of Wall, " " Montague-street. " Fulton, " " Fulton-street. " " Fulton-street. " Catharine, " Catharine-street. " " Maine-street. " Governeur, " Governeur-street. " Bridge-street. " Rosevelt, " Rosevelt-street. " " " " " There are four to Williamsburg, Peck-slip, from Peck-slip to S. Fourth St. Williamsburg. Grand-street. " Grand-street. " Grand-street. " Grand, " " " " Dinsion Avenue, " Houston, " Houston-street. " Grand-street. " One Ferry at Hellgate, From Eighty-sixth-street. " Astoria, Long Island. Fulton and South Ferries, to Brooklyn, One cent. The other Ferries to Brooklyn, viz : Catharine, " " . 2 Governeur, " " 2 " Rosevelt, « " 2 " Wall-street, a « 2 " 2 horse carriages, " " 20 " 1 » and rider, " « 8 " The Hoboken Ferries, charge each person, 3 " " Jersey City Ferries, " " " 4 " " Williamsb'g Ferries from Peck-Slip " « 4 " All others, " " 3 The Staten Island Ferries charge as follows ; From Whitehall and Robinson-street, each person, 6 " " Battery Place, " " 12 " To Astoria, " " 12 " 209 210 ST. THOMAS' CHTTSCH. CORNER OP BROADWAY & HOUSTON-STREET, This pleasing Gothic structure, erected for the Episcopal congre- gation under the pastoral care of the late Eev. Mr. Duffie, was con- sumed by fire in 1851, since which time it has been rebuilt and improved. This noble Institution which was incorporated during the admin- istration of Washington, partakes of the Christian philanthropy of his exalted character. During the sixty years of its existence, it has conferred its charities on nearly a hundred thousand patients, among whom, notwithstanding the dying state in which many are brought to its wards, less than ten thousand have died within its walls. This Hospital stands in the centre, and extends its grounds to four sides of the square between Broadway and Church, Duane and Anthony-streets, covering two regular city blocks and the space which Pearl-street would occupy if extended to Thomas-street and the river. It stands, as it should, on the highest ground in the city south of Canal-street. Notwithstanding its beautiful and salubrious position, its removal is already contemplated, for the purpose of disposing of its site for mercantile purposes, or a grand hotel, and to aid the funds of the Institution, which could invest its means to greater advantage in the northern part of the city. Some contemplate the extension of Pearl-street through this block, in order that its sweeping semi-circle may reach the Hudson at both extremities. This would be an agreeable improvement to this por- tion of the town. But, as the site of a magnificent hotel, these grounds are unsur- passed. Its upper stories would overlook everything around it, the church spires alone excepted, and catch the summer breezes from every point of the horizon. Two millions of dollars could be here expended to great advan- tage to the business interests of the city. Let the proper authorities determine on the removal of this insti- tution, and the necessary current of capital will instantly flow into this channel. The Federal Government defrays the expenses of all seamen re- ceived into this Hospital, amounting at present to nearly 20,000 dol- lars per annum. The State appropriates an annuity of about $12,500. The board of pay patients is a little more than ten thou- sand, at the average rate of $3 12^. The Governors of this Hospital have under their superintendence the Bloomingdale Asylum for the Insane. 212 Few Strangers will visit New- York during the World's Fair, without desiring to see the beautiful structures which natural affection has consecrated in Greenwood Cemetery to the memory of the good. These romantic grounds comprising about two hundred and fifty acres, and embracing hill and valley, rivulet and lake, copse and woodland, are situated in South Brooklyn or Gowanus Heights, about four miles from the City Hall in New- York. Stages and Ferries convey visiters by various pleasant routes to these grounds at all hours of the day, at an expense of only 25 cents going and returning. These routes through Brooklyn afford pleasing views of that rapidly growing city, and also of the East River and the Harbor of New- York. From the heights of the Cemetery grounds more extended prospects are presented, embracing part of the State of New-Jersey, Staten Island, and the Quarantine ; the cities of New- York, Williamsburgh, and Brooklyn ; the fortifications in the harbor, Sandy Hook and the ocean ; and in short a greater combination of interesting objects than can be seen from any other stand-point in the New World. And then, at the feet of the beholder are the varied and graceful creations of ar- tistic genius, which designate the hallowed depositories of the residuary ashes of those whom men call Dead, but who are really the erer-living, the immortal, in- ferior as to the duration of existence, only to the Eternal ! The one lives forever in the future, the other also forever in the past. The one is the created receiver of in- terminable life, the other its uncreated Giver ! And yet we will not too severely criticise the common phraseology, which pro- nounces the immortal and the risen to be dead and buried. Custom is almost every- thing in language, and often is quite as dominant in spiritual philosophy. Yet the Sun neither rises nor sets, because men express it so ; neither are good men dead and buried, because their mortal exuviese are mouldering to dust. As well could we say that the butterfly is dead, because it has departed from its combrous crysalis, and mounted on its gilded wing. The Chapel at the gate ; the Receiving Vault on the declivity of the adjacent hill ; the thick-set grove of forest trees covering the whole grounds ; the clear lakelets with occasional ever-flowing fountains ; the splendid prospects from all parts of the ceme- tary; the rich and costly monuments; the upward thoughts and sacred feelings which belong to these precincts, absolutely enchain the attention of all the observing and reflective faculties of every intelligent visitor. But notwithstanding the usefulness and beauty ot this consecrated place, its ele- gantly situated acres will soon be coveted as building lots for the living. Although Greenwood Cemetery is full four miles from the centre of bu.siness in New- York, a radius of that length will not long be able to circumscribe the limits of the metropolis of the New- World. 213 INSTITUTION FOR THE INSTRUCTION OF THE BUND, Between Eighth and Ninth Avenues, THIRTY-THIRD & THIRTY-FOURTH STREETS, 214 THE NETT-YOUE The public charitable Institutions of the present epoch are among the noblest effects of the Christian religion upon the earth. It is in vain to pre- tend that any other religious system might have been attended with the same issues in the midst of a civilization like ours, because there is no evidence that such a civilization could possibly attend any other religion than that of the Gospel. A high state of refinement existed once in Judea, in Greece, and in Rome, but none of the great charities of the present era were known to their inhabitants. Of all this class of establishments, those for the aid of the totally blind are pre-eminently important. To be whoUy denied the visual enjoyment of the outward world, is an affliction so inconsolable as to be capable of neither description nor conception. How proper, therefore, that one of the earliest public charities of civilized Christianity should have been an Asylum for the Blind. To this purpose New- York has generously consecrated one of her most salubrious situations, near the banks of the Hudson. Their beautiful Edifice occupies an entire block of ground, between 33rd and 34th street, and the Eighth and Ninth Avenues. Its original cost, with ground and work-shops, was nearly a hundred thousand dollars, paid partly by the State and partly by private contributions. Its purpose is not mere- ly to feed and clothe its inmates, but to educate them in literature, science, morals, and the useful aits. None are admitted excepting between the ages of eight and twenty-five. All who are able to support themselves pay about $130 per annum, be- sides their clothing, and the beneficiaries of the State can remain on public charity for seven years at most, ordinarily only five ; excepting such indi- viduals as continue to labor in the shops and receive the avails of their industry. The State admits none to this privilege unless they bring a good charac- ter, and a certificate fi-om the town overseer that their blindness is chronic, and their parents unable to support them. This certificate must have the endorsement of the Secretary of the State. Tuesday of each week is allot ted to the reception of visitors. 21% PETIT, HARRIS & DAWIELL, iimmm im mmm, I Keep constantly on hand, in season, a very rich, and ex- \ tensive stock of I SILKS AliB RIBieWS, GLOVES AND MITTS, SILK AND COTTON HOSIERY, AND Together with many other articles not necessary to enumer- ate, all of which will be oflFered at a small advance for cash, or upon the usual credit to approved and punctual dealers. 217 FRANCIS TOMES & SONS, mPORTERS AKD WHOLESALE DEALERS EN GUNS, RIFLES AID SPORTING ARTICLES. PLATED GOODS AND FANCY HARDWARE GENERALLY. 218 ^ THE CROTON AQUEDUCT. PIlFliei? lilllKS. I This is the veritable Giant Hercules of fabulous as well as of genuine his- < tory, whose proper labor cleanses the "augean stables" of great commercial I marts, and kills the " Snake of Lerna" which is nothing else but the serpen- l tine gutter-filth of a populous city. Aqueducts for the introduction of pure ^ spring-water into great cities are, by no means, modern inventions. Italy j and Greece constructed them at vast expense, thousands of years ago. All i the modern nations of Europe also avail themselves of these useful structures ? of either smaller or larger dimensions. So likewise did some of the ancient i races of the New World. I All, therefore, that we desire to affirm of the Croton aqueduct, by means 5 of which a large river is poured into the metropolis of the Western hemis- l phere, is, that it surpasses everything of the kind in America. Less than i twenty years ago New- York depended for one of the prime necessaries of life i on miserable wells of hard water, in which no less than seven distinct mineral J substances, injurious to human life, could be readily detected by the most s simple analysis. In order to remedy this evil, by which not only the foreign ? commerce, but domestic trade and manufactures, suffered severely, many > plans were successively presented to the consideration of the inhabitants. j Damming the Hudson River opposite the city, in such wise as to exclude the i sea-water above the dam, as the Philadelphians dammed the Schuylkill 30 I years ago, was prominent among these projects. The use of the surplus < water of the Falls of the Passaic River in New Jersey, by means of iron ] pipes across the bed of the Hudson River, was another; and an aqueduct i from the Bronx River in Westchester county, was a third. But all these < projects yielded at last to the rival plan of bringing the Croton River from I Putnam county, along the shore of the Hudson. ] A general description of this noble work, illustrated by engravings exe- I cuted expressly for this publication, cannot fail to be acceptable to our intel- < ligent readers ; and we do not doubt that many individuals who purchase ^ this volume, will esteem this part of it well worth the whole expense. Only i one edition of merely a thousand copies, of any work descriptive of the I Croton aqueduct, illustrated with explanatory engravings, has ever been sold <' in the city, excepting a work in the German language, now out of print. AQUEDUCTS. The method adopted in this illuminated description of the aqueduct, which classifies all subjects coming under review, by connecting the details with pictorial embellishments, cannot fail to secure the approbation of our readers. It renders any other index superfluous excepting the pictorials, and enables the editor to impart extensive information, drawn either from personal observation, or other authentic sources, relating to this subject, in compara- tively few words. During the last century, 1778, M. Gautier, GvU Engineer of France, relates that a leaden pipe 5 inches in diameter and J of an inch thick, ar- rested the anchor of a vessel in the Rhone, at the city of Aries, which when raised by a windlass, was found to be a conduit-pipe, by means of which the Romans supplied that city with water during the rule of the Emperors in France. The length of this pipe was 516 feet, corresponding with the breadth of the river. The sections of the pipe between the solderings were 6 feet in length, and soldered length^vise, which solderings were covered to the dis- tance of 2 inches on each side with lead of the same thickness, for the purpose of strengthening the joint. Each joint was stamped with the name of the manufacturer, C. Cantius Poihinus, F., the F being the initial of Fabricator, A section of this pipe is now in the museum of Lyons. The ordinary materials of most of the ancient aqueducts were stone and mortar, but bricks were also sometimes used. The double or tripple water-channels, whether perpendicular or horizontal, in relation to each other, were intended to secure a supply of water when one channel might need repair. The wisdom of this arrangement is self-evident, and highly creditable to the skill of the Civil Engineers of the Empire. Some of the ancient aqueducts have two, and others three ranges of arches, one above another ; the arches of the higher ranges being more numerous than those below them. ANCIENT AND MODERN. One of the Roman aqueducts, of which Procopius records fourteen, and Victor twenty, had three water channels one above another, each furnishing the water of different springs. Another begun by Coligula, and completed by Claudius, consisted of two water channels, supplied by two different springs. In the year 101 afier Christ, Frontinus, the superintendant of Roman aqueducts, wrote a full account of them, which had been translated into 220 AQUEDUCTS. > French by Roudolet, and from which the following table is constructed, in- j eluding the Croton aqueduct in New- York, for the sake of comparison. Names Date of coDfltruction. Length in Miles. Gallons discharged in 1. Appian. R P 10, Millions. 2. Old Anio. u 273, 36, 66 (( 3. Marcian. (( 146, 56, 71 K 4. Tepulan. ( 9. New Anio. (( 90, 54, 71 (( 10. Croton. (( 1842, 38, 60 u a day. 5 From this table it appears that the entire length of the aqueducts of ^ Rome was 260 mOes, and the daily amount of water discharged 398 mil- ^ lions of gallons. i The highest elevation of any known aqueduct in the world, either ancient I or modern, is 420 feet, equal to the two other highest artificial structures on I the globe, the great pyramid of Giza, in Egypt, and the Church of St. Peters, I at Rome. This is the aqueduct of Spoleto, in Italy, constructed in 741 by j Theodoric the Goth, between the summits of two mountains, on one of which > stood the tower of Spoleto, which it supplied with water. < It is supported by ten gothic arches resting on granite piles 10 J feet in \ thickness and 44 feet in horizontal length, placed 71 feet apart ; over which i is another range of 30 smaller arches on which the water channel rests. The I whole structure is 800 feet in length and remains entire to the present day. I The most remarkable of aqueducts is one of the three at Bourgas, eight ^ miles from Constantinople; and modern philosophy is wholly unable to account for the peculiarity of its structure. Instead of crossing the valley, ; which is 115 feet in depth, by arches, or by an inverted syphon along the ; slopes and bottom of the valley, the following curious and unaccountable \ method is pursued. The water from the summit level of the general aque- ] duct channel is conducted in pipes down the slope of the hill, then along the valley to a perpendicular column or pier of stone, up which it mounts to s nearly the elevation from which it started, whence it descends by another ? pipe in the same column to the bottom, and along to another column, where J it performs a similar circuit, and so onward from pier to pier until it reaches i the desired level on the opposite side of the valley. !■ This plan avoids, indeed, the expense of arches ; but science does not in- 221 rhe Legislature of the State of New- York passed an act in 1833 for the appointment of five persons as Water Commissioners, whose duty was de- 222 i AQUEDUCTS. ^ form us why the water was made to ascend and descend the piers, rather i than proceed in continuous pipes along the valley. i \ Only three of the ancient aqueducts of Rome have been preserved, by l I repairs, to the present day, viz. the Virgin aqueduct, discharging daily 14 I I millions of gallons ; the Agua felice, being the union of the Marcian, the I > Claudian, and several others, by Sextus V., discharging 4 millions daily ; and i i the Pauline aqueduct, being identical in part of its course, to the distance of s > 20 miles, with the ancient Alsietina, discharging 20 millions of gallons. This ; I 20 miles of the old Alsietina was so perfect after its use had been suspended '> < for a thousand years, that it needed no repairs when in 1693 its channel was I f c«nnected with several new structures, and conducted their united streams to I i the city without any discoverable waste, either by leakage or absorption. I ? The aqueduct having the greatest length of tunneling, is that of Caserto, ) \ in Italy, built by Charles III., King of Naples, in 1753. The whole length ^ \ of the aqueduct is 27 miles, and that of its tunnels through solid rock, four \ \ miles, ventilated by pits to the surface of the hUls above, 250 feet. i \ This aqueduct has a bridge across a valley 1724 feet long, 190 feet high, \ J consisting of three tiers of arches. The lower tier has nine arches, the 2d I ^ twenty-seven, and the 3d forty-three, amounting in all to eighty-nine arches, ] < This is, perhaps, the only aqueduct in the world in which the expense of con- s ? struction beneath the surface, in tunneling, was greater than that of the super- i J ficial water channel. > ^ The largest single arch connected with any known aqueduct or viaduct in ^ / the world, is found in the aqueduct of Lisbon, constructed of white marble, i \ and is 250 feet in height, and 115 in breadth, so that there is only one church ^ ^ in New-York which might not stand beneath this arch, and have abundance i '/ of room for light and ventilation. ^ \ The grandeur of the view beneath this ancient gothic arch, and the solemn ^ reverberations of every sound produced between its walls, can neither be ? \ imagined nor described. \ ^ The water-channel is a stone archway 8 feet wide, having on either side a \ \ footpath wide enough for two persons to walk abreast. This aqueduct enters I 'i the town and forms several fountains from which the water is taken by a \ class of aqua^porteurs called gallegos, who obtain their subsistence by sell- ^ \ ing it to the inhabitants, in the same manner as milk is supplied to the fami- \ lies of New- York. i J AQUEDUCTS. fined, and extended no farther than to report the best mode and the probable cost of supplying the City of New-York with an adequate quantity of pure and wholesome water. In accordance with this law the governor and Senate appointed Stephen Allen, Saul Alley, William W. Fox, Charles Dusenbury, and Benjamin M. Brown, the first of whom perished in the destruction of the steamer Henry Clay, and the second died during the last year. The chief of the engineers employed by the commissioners were, Major D. B. Douglass, for three years, and after his resignation in 1836, John B. Jervis, Esq. to the com- pletion of the work, assisted by Canvas White, John Martineau, and George W. Cartwright, Esqs. The work was commenced afler proper surveys and other preparations, in May 1837, and the waters of the Croton reached the receiving reservoir in New- York, six miles fi-om the City Hall, on the 22nd June, 1842, and was admitted to the distributing reservoir at 42nd street on the 4th of July of the same year, just 56 years from the Declaration of American Inde- pendence. Ttie Rufal Resefvoif of ttie Cfoton Aqueduct m PUTNAM COUNTY. This reservoir is fed by twenty natural Lakes in the county above named, the aggregate surface of whose waters amounts to 3,800 acres, or about one fourth the superficial area of Manhattan island. Their average distance from the city is about fifty miles, and they are supplied by never failing springs among the gi-een hills of that agricultural region of the state. From these Lakes the superfluous water found its natural outlet through the channel of the Croton River, which received a title from the Aborigines, denoting " Clear Water f and after a rapid course among rocks and hills for the distance of twenty-five miles, mingles with the tide waters of the Hudson, at the head of the Tappan Bay. Tlie medium flow of the Croton, at the dam which forms the principal reservoir of these waters, is about fifty millions of gallons per day, and not less than twenty-seven millions after severe drought. If therefore, all this water were conveyed to the city, it would afford an average supply of one-hundred gallons per day, to each individual of its present population, and as the average number of persons to each dwelling in the city was found by the census of 1850, to be 13 — it follows that the whole flow of the Croton would supply one-thousand three-hundred gallons, or forty barrels, per day 223 AQUEDUCTS. to each household. Consequently, when the city shall become four times as populous as at present, which is the full capability of the Island, in dwellings of the average present capacity, the Croton River can supply each household with ten barrels, or three-hundred gallons, which is equal to one-hundred and twenty full pails of ten quarts each per day, provided none were used for fires, fountains, shipping, and manufactories, and none lost by evaporation and absorption in the aqueduct and city reservoirs. When the dam of the Croton, shall be elevated sufficiently to direct all the water of the river from the natural channel into the aqueduct, the City of New-York, cannot fail of receiving an adequate supply. The waters of the principal lake, which is wholly artificial, caused by the Croton dam, set back among the hills six miles, and cover an area of 400 acres. Add this to the aggi-egate area of the twenty natural lakes above named, and it gives a surface of 4,200 acres, equal to nearly seven square miles. The capacity of the fountain reservoir above the level of the water- channel of the aqueduct is 600,000,000 of gallons, which would furnish to each citizen, in a state of siege, in case the aqueduct should be undisturbed by the besiegers, and all the water should be brought to the city, twelve gal- lons per day for three months ; add to this the quantity of water in the two city reservoirs, and it would last at the same rate about four months. As the aqueduct is calculated to convey 60 millions of gallons per day to the city, when running to its utmost capacity, and at its present inclination, it would require just ten days to draw off the entire volume of the fountain reservoir ; and as the Croton river conveys, in its natural channel, only fifty millions, it would be able to furnish only five-sixths of the volume which the aqueduct could convey. More water, therefore, than the sources of the Croton can furnish, must be emptied into its reservoirs, before the necessity can arise of enlarging the capacity of the water-chaimel of the aqueduct. Raising the Croton Dam, therefore, is the only expedient required to enable the aqueduct to furnish an ample supply of water to twice the present population of the city. The distance from the northern to the southern extremity of the aque- duct between the rural reservoir and the receiving reservoir at Yorkville, is thirty-eight miles. The fall of water channel forty-seven feet. The surface of rural reservoir at the Croton dam is one-hundred and sixty-six feet above mean tide in New-York, giving as the elevation of the surface of the water in the receiving reservoir one-hundred and nineteen feet. Descent of water channel from the receiving to the distributing reservoir four feet, surface level of the distributing reservoir the same, inasmuch as the connecting channel consists of an inverted cyphon of iron pipes. 224 AQUEDUCTS. Should the city ever require more water than the present reservoirs will supply, other streams issuing from other springs and ponds, may be easily connected with the reservoir above the dam, or with the aqueduct below it. ran (Dm(D^(DM WAMo This structure is six miles from the mouth of the Croton River, between an abrupt rock on the left, and sandy table land on the right bank, to the height of three feet from the ordinary surface of the river, extending back eighty feet to a sandy hill, sloping at an angle of forty -five degrees. The original chan- nel of the river at the dam was about one-hundred and twenty feet, or seven rods in width, and the average depth of water about four feet, and its max- j imum depth during floods ten feet. I The dam consists of two distinct parts, viz. an embankment of earth on I the right shore along the table land and in the channel of the river, and on < the left bank composed of rock, of a body of elegant stone masonry, serving ] as an overfall for the surplus waters of the river and lakes above. Part ol I the rock of the shore was excavated down to the level of the mason work, \ making the place for the overflow of the water partly of masonry and partly \ of rock. The embankment itself is faced on the lower side with a heavy \ wall of stone. A timber pier was also constructed in the embankment i across the channel, and faced on the upstream side with planks. > Notwithstanding the overfell was originally constructed of a length sup- < posed to be sufficient for all emergencies, yet when the work was almost ? completed, on the eighth of January, 1841, a flood came from heavy rains > and the melting of eighteen inches of snow in the adjacent country, and < swept away the dam in a single night, causing a dreadful overthrow of > houses, mills and lands, and the loss of three lives in the valley below. | Several individuals saved themselves from the flood, only by taking refuge < in the tops of trees, and many acres of fine land were covered with sand, I stones and gravel. < In repairing this breach, the portion of the embankment which had been i carried away by the flood was supplied by solid masonry extending as far s as the gate house on the dam. The present length of the overfall is two-hun- | dred and fifty-one feet. ! The masonry of the dam is eight feet thick at the top and sixty-five feet i at the base ; vertical on the upstream side, with occasional offsets, and of a / curvilinear form, on the lower side, to prevent the water from having a direct \ fall upon the apron at the foot. The water first passes along a convex seg- i ment of a cylinder, and then along a reversed, or concave segment, so that it < 226 i AQUEDUCTS. nowhere has a direct and unbroken plunge calculated to undermine the dam, and thus work its ultimate destruction. Three-hundred feet from the foot of the masonry below the main dam, is a secondary one formed of round timber and brushwood laid in the direction of the current, and interfilled with gravel. This secondary dam causes the water to set back upon the toe of the apron of the main dam, and breaks the force of the falling water. On the upstream face of the masonry is an embankment of earth, slope- ing one foot in five to the bottom of the reservoir two-hundred and seventy- five feet from the masonry at its base. Such a structure, if the foundation be firm, the stone well laid and anchored, and the texture durable, ought to survive the lapse of a thousand years. But as it will be probably necessary to superinduce several feet more of wall and earth above the present dam, in order to fill the aqueduct to its utmost capacity at all seasons of the year, for the increased supply of the city, this superstructure may peradventure, in the lapse of time, put the whole in jeopardy. This however will depend altogether upon the manner in which the addition shall be effected. Not- withstanding the difficulty of access to these magnificent works of human genius, they cannot fail to become the pleasing resort of delighted multi- tudes of citizens and strangers, as long as the waters of the Croton play in the parks of the city, and into its habitations to purify and refresh them. AND FIRST ROCK-TUMEL, AT THE HEAD OF THE AQUEDUCT. There are two Gate-houses connected with the Croton Dam, one of which is over the culvert which passes through the dam thirty feet below the sur- face of the water when the reservoir is full, having gates which are opened and shut, by means of machinery contained in the gate-house. This waste weir, together with the aquaduct, is capable, when the river and reservoir are low, of preventing any water from passing over the dam. The entrance to the tunnel as well as that to the culvert, at the surface, is protected by screens of timber. The gate chamber of the aqueduct is in no way connected with the dam, and the tunnelled channelway of the aqueduct reaches it after passing two- hundred feet through the solid rock of the hill against which the left wing of the dam is built, the centre of the water channel or tunnel being twelve feet 227 AQUEDUCTS. below the surface of the lake, so that no floating substance can gain admis- sion, nor any ice collect to obstruct it. In addition to these obvious advantages, the water is taken from the lake in a cooler state than if drawn from a point nearer to its surface. The heat of summer communicates itself downwards, in still water, very slowly and only by successive propagations of caloric, as from one particle to another, because the heated particles being expanded become specifically lighter, and float upon the surface by an immutable law of gravitation. Not so, as to the cooling processes of winter, particles of water progressing towards the freez- ing point on the scale of temperature, become specifically heavier, until they reach 42° of Fahrenheit ; consequently the surface particles continually sink to the bottom of shallow lakes and rivers, thereby imparting to the whole volume an equal temperature. After this the cooling particles remain at the surface in consequence of the expansion of chrystalization, caused by the peculiar position of the needle-form crystals leaving spaces between them, in the solid masses which we call ice, tMs being only water divested of some of the caloric which had fused its crystals and rendered it liquid ; in the same manner as every solid substance in nature may be dissolved in caloric, falsely called, the " matter of heat" untU it becomes aerial and invisible. The gate chamber of the aqueduct in the largest building in the picture, has two distinct sets of gates, called respectively, " regulating gates " and " guard gates." The former are made of gun metal working in frames of the same ma- terial, fitted to stone jambs and lintels. The latter are made of cast iron working in frames of the same metal. Both these sets of gates are opened and shut by means of iron rods with screws and nuts. GRADES OF THE WATER-WAY, OF THE OROTON AQUSDTJOT. The bottom of the water channel of the aqueduct where it leaves the gate chamber, is eleven and a half feet below the surface of the Fountain Reser- voir, and forty-three and a half feet above the bottom of the water-way where it enters the receiving reservoir in the city. This fall of forty-three feet and a half has been accomplished as follows : — For the first five miles, called the first plane of the acqueduct, the descent is about three feet. In the succeeding twenty-eight miles, or second plane, it is nearly thirty-one feet. In the iron pipes crossing Harlem River, one fourth 229 AQUEDUCTS. of a mile, the descent is two feet three inches. In the third plane to Man- hattan Valley, two miles, the fall of water-way is two feet three inches. In the syphon of iron pipes across that valley, three fourths of a mile, the descent is three feet ten inches. In the fourth plane, reaching to the dis- tributing reservoir, two miles, the fall of water is one foot six inches, making an aggregate of descent through the whole length of the aqueduct, neglecting fractions, about forty-three feet and a half; and the distance thirty-eight miles. On the first plane the inclination is about 7J inches per mile. On the second and third planes ISJ and on the fourth plane 9J inches. In consequence of the two falls at Harlem River, and Manhattan Valley, designed to place the embouchure of the syphon pipes below their other ex- tremities, which was indispensable, the level of the southern extremity of the aqueduct where it discharges the water into the receiving reservoir at York- ville, is five feet lower than it would have been, in case the Harlem River Bridge, and Manhattan Valley had been raised to the general range of the aqueduct. This has occasioned a loss of five feet of hydrostatic pressure on the distributing pipes of the city. Whether this loss is counterbalanced by the saving of expense in laying pipes as aforesaid, and in dispensing with higher walls and embankments at the receiving and distributing reservoirs, is left for posterity to decide. It is perhaps enough for the present genera- tion to know, that the syphon pipes transmit scarcely sufficient water for the present purposes of the city. Either the number or capacity of the pipes must be increased, or the syphon principle abandoned altogether. It is gratifying to know that, if the current in the aqueduct could be in- creased, so that the water at its entrance mto the receiving reservoir, should be within seven inches of the top of the arch, as high as it could be with safety, the present reservoir would hold it ; so that this structure will not need to be elevated unless the aqueduct itself shall be re-constructed, which is a very remote contingency. The general height of the interior, or water-way, is eight feet five and a half inches, its greatest width seven feet five inches, and its superficial sectional area fifty-three and a half square feet. The first plane is an exception to this, inasmuch as the height is there in- creased two feet, in order to actualize an after thought of the commissioners, and draw the water from a point two feet lower in the lake than was origi- nally designed. To effect this the bottom of the aqueduct dropped that dis- tance, whilst the vertex of the arch pursued its original course. 230 AQUEDUCTS. No curve in the line of the aqueduct is of less radius than five-hundred feet. The average velocity of the water-current in the aqueduct is ascertained to be about one mile and a half per hour, when the flow is two feet deep. This was determined by practical experiments in which pieces of wood were allowed to float from the dam to Harlem River, and the time carefiilly noted. This, of course indicated only the surface velocity, that beneath being gradually lessened by the friction of the bottom and sides of the channel. If the water run in a deeper current, the velocity will be proportionately in- creased, but never to exceed the easy gait of a pedestrian traveller. iiiiiM iiiSf liifiii ii til liiiDiif , FIRST, Ij¥ earth EXCAVATI01¥S. The foundation is formed of concrete; the sidewalls or abutments of stone ; and the entire interior, top, sides and bottom, of hard burned brick. Concrete is a compound of lime, sand and stone, as follows : one part of hy- draulic or water lime is mixed with three parts of sand, and three parts of stone broken in such wise that every piece will pass through a ring one and a half inch in diameter. This mixture, when placed in the position required, is condensed by means of a pounder, and then suffered to become hard before the superstructure is placed upon it. The process of pounding so condenses and agitates the mass as to place every stone in an insulated condition within the mortar, so that no two fragments shall be absolutely in contact with each other. This forms under each section of the aqueduct, a solid and con- tinuous foundation, resembling a single stone. It is in fact an incipient state of the mineral called pudding-ntone, dift'ering mainly in having roiigh instead oi smooth pebbles in the composition, and different conglomerating materials. This composition is of almost inappreciable importance in forming founda- tions for walls of great weight, not unfrequently avoiding the necessity of wooden piles in soft grounds. This concrete is by no means a modern " invention, but a recent resuscita- tion of a very ancient art. The Appian Way in Rome was formed of con- crete, and likewise the foundations of some of the Roman edifices two-thou- sand years ago. In England some of the old feudal castles were based upon concrete. This foundation being prepared and consolidated, to the thickness requir- ed, the side walls are next laid, of sound and durable stone, imbedded in the same proportions of sand and hydraulic lime as used in concrete. The stone are of the character called rough huitimered. The lime and sand are tho- 232 AQUEDUCTS. roughly mixed before they are wet, and used immediately after the addition of the water, which should be of such quantit yas to render the mortar perfectly plastic. When the side walls are thus finished in the shape represented in the engraving, their inner surfaces are covered with a coat of mortar to the depth of f of an inch. This mortar is formed of two parts of sand to one of lime. Great care is taken to employ none but compact well burned brick of a deep red or brown color, and which ring sonorously when struck with a metalic tool. Each brick is thoroughly imbedded in the mortar, so as not to come in contact with another brick. The bottom and side brick walls are all four inches thick, or the width of a brick, and the upper arch eight inches, or the length of a brick. The bottom brick work is laid m the form of an inverted arch, so that one wall of the aqueduct serves to sustain the other, or rather both united press equally upon portions of the soU beneath. This construction has great ad- vantage over a flat bottom of any ordinary material. After the masom-y is completed, the excavation which was made to re- ceive the work is filled up around it and over the top of the roofing arch to the depth of the natural surface, or at least three or four feet, as protection from the frost. iPil ilfffllii 11 iiiil When the rock has been excavated to the required depth and breadth, the curvilinear bottom is prepared with concrete as already described for earth excavations. The side walls of stone and brick are banded together, as is seen in the engraving, by bricks entering the stone wall as headers, and the stone masonry is carried fijlly out to the natural rock, forming a junction with it. On the roof of the arch a spandrel of stone masonry is built, filling all the space between the arch and the rock. After the masonry is finished as here described, the rock cut, or space above is filled with earth, as already described in treating of earth excavations. f iiiii^iif flii 11 iiiii In tunnel-cutting in rock the width is the same as in open cuttings, and the manner of building the aqueduct identical, excepting that when the tunnel has a perfectly solid rock roof, no brick upper arch is used, but the side walls are carried up to the rock ; but when the rock is soft, porous, shattered, or other- wise unsuitable for a roof, the brick arch is used, and the space intervening between the brick and rock is filled w^th earth closely compacted. It has 233 SECTIOIVAIi VIEW OF THE CROTOIV AQUEDUCT. IN TUNNEL CUTTINGS IN EARTH, 236 AQUEDUCTS. been found that rock at first supposed to be of proper consistency to serve as roofing for an aqueduct, has afl:erwards crumbled on exposure to the air, and a brick arch thus rendered indispensable. There are several reasons why a tunnel of rock without any masonry cannot be used with advantage. This can be admissible of course, only when the rock is of so compact a texture, and so free from seams and fissures as to be capable of retaining water without inconvenient waste. But even if the texture of the rock was all that could be desired, the expense of making the face of the stone sufiicieutly smooth to obviate friction and resistance to the current of the water, would be greater than that of constructing the channel of masonry. When the earth to be tumieled is dry and compact, the excavation of the bottom and sides is made carefully of the exact form to receive the masonry which is built closely against it, in the manner already described. The top of the excavation is suflBciently high to turn the arch vnth brick, and the space above is filled with earth firmly consolidated. In cases where the earth is wet, loose and incoherent, the excavation is made larger, and the sides and top secured with timbers and planks, until the masonry can be completed, as in other cases. The whole space outside of the water-channel must be carefully filled with earth, as already described. When the natural surface of the ground falls below the plane of grade, the method of constructing the aqueduct is exhibited in the engraving under this title. A wall of stone is laid in the most solid manner, in intervals, between hills, as the foundation of the superstructure. The stones are large enough to bind each other in their places, and having intersticial openings which are filled with broken stone closely packed together. This wall of stone is allowed to stand soiBe months, in order that it may find its bearing and attain firmness before the aqueduct is superimposed. If this should be neglected, the whole work might settle and destroy the masonry. With all these precautions, cracks and fissures are almost unavoidable in long lines of aqueduct when the character of the groimd is constantly varying 237 AQUEDUCTS. from hard to soft, from rock to clays, and from upland gravel to the alluvium of valleys. For the purpose of rendering the work more secure in such positions, the sub-stratum has an augmented thickness, and the proportion of lime to sand in its composition, is increased. The thickness of the stone side walls, and of the spandrels of the roofing arch, is also considerably augmented. Over these foundation walls the inside face of the brick-work is covered with a coat of plastering. The embankment built upon this foundation wall, and the aqueduct resid- ing upon it, is sufficiently broad to cover the whole structure to the depth required, and is generally faced with a dry stone wall resting obliquely on the earth at various slopes, according to circumstances. The most hazardous position for the trunk of an aqueduct is on the de- clivity of a hill or mountain. The danger arises from the action of torrents, and springs, especially in gravelly soil, and from slides in clay soil. These exposures call for the utmost skill of the engineer, who forms paved water- courses for the streams over the aqueduct, or culverts beneath to carry off the floods. He also builds a strong protection wall on the lower side of the aqueduct, taking care to obtain for it a deep and firm foundation. At suitable places along the line of an aqueduct waste weirs are con- structed, for the purpose of discharging surplus water. These are openings on one side of the channel-way, formed in such a manner that when the water in the aqueduct rises to a certain height, it will flow off" into channels provided to conduct it away into some creek or river, or for the use of some water- power machinery in the neighborhood. Provision is made to close these waste gates when desirable, and also in cases of necessity to discharge all the water from the aqueduct through waste weirs, and suffer none to pass beyond. There are six of them in the Croton aqueduct, which enable the engineer to examine and repair any section at pleasure. When creeks or rivers intersect the line of an aqueduct, the stone channel- ways are denominated culverts. These are constructed in the same manner as the water-chaimel of the aqueduct, of stone and mortar, with an inverted arch below, and an erect one above. Very narrow culverts for small streams have 238 o X H O o H O > JO c w o o <1 H H e •i e H o 1 H U U > o 19 ■a H ► e AQUEDUCTS. their bottoms and tops of well-fitted and smooth-cut stones, laid horizontally from one abutment to the other. Buttresses, parapet-walls and wing-walls, are built at the extremities of culverts for the several purposes of guiding the water to the culvert, protect- ing the embankments, and sustaining them in their places. Sometimes the wing-walls and parapet form one continuous wall of senu-circular form, having great strength and a fine appearance. The width of water-way of the culverts of the Croton aqueduct varies from 18 inches to 25 feet. All culverts have a deep wall of stone beneath them to prevent the water from undermining them. The skill of the engineer is put to the severest test m forming the best plan for a culvert under given circumstances, since these structures are at the basis of all the costly embankments, and require to be indestructible lest they should need repairs, which are exceedingly difficult. Roadways and bridges are only large culverts requiring equal talent in their construction. VENTILATORS OF THE CROTON AQUEDUCT. The preservation of the purity of the water conveyed in an aqueduct im- peratively demands the presence of a pure atmosphere. This can be secured only by hollow-cylinders rising from the summit of the channel-way allowing impure vapors to ascend and fresh volumes to enter, causing a constant cur- rent. The current of water has a tendency to impel the volume of air in the channel in the direction of the stream, causing successive portions to be pre- sented to any opening through which it can escape. These openings are called ventilators, of which there are 36 in the Croton aqueduct, placed one mile asunder. They are 14 feet in height above the earth-covering, and are divided into two classes, called ventilators proper, and entrance ventilators, the latter having an interior diameter of four feet, and the others two feet. Both kinds are slightly diminished towards the summit, which is crowned with an iron grating to prevent birds or other things from falling into the water. The common ventilators are exactly on the summit of the arch, but the en- trance ventilators, twelve in number, stand at the side of the channel, where an opening is left in the roofing arch of the aqueduct to allow persons to de- scend through a door in the side of the ventilator, for the purpose of examin- ing the work and making repairs. The sill of the door is twelve feet above the bottom of the water-channel. In addition to these structures, there are openings two feet square in the top of the arch, a fourth of a mile asunder, covered with flag-stones, and their situation indicated by a small stone monu- ment projecting above the surface of the ground. These are intended as en- trance ways to the channel, or as extra ventilators in cases of necessity. 240 AQUEDUCTS. BRIDGES AND ROAD-WAYS OF THE CROTON AQUEDUCT. ; At the village of Sing Sing there is a hridge over the Sing Sing Kill, and ? a viaduct or roadway underneath the aqueduct. The viaduct has an arch of < twenty feet span placed obliquely to the line of the aqueduct. \ The bridge has an arch of 88 feet span and 33 feet altitude, spanning the \ deep gorge or kill in which the water of the Sing Sing river finds its way to \ the Hudson. The abutments of this bridge rest upon solid rock cut in a pro- ] per form to sustain them. The arch itself is of granite, only 24 feet long X from one side of the embankment of the aqueduct to the other, which is only > about one-fourth its span, giving it a peculiar and bold appearance. Its wall ^ is four feet thick at the base and three at the summit, and its end walls have ; an inclination towards each other of half an inch to a foot. i Over this bridge the water-chamiel of the aqueduct has a cast-iron lining < five-eighths of an inch in thickness, imited with screw-bolts and nuts, and the > joints secured against leakage by means of iron cement. This lining is be- < tween two courses of brick four inches in thickness both at the bottom and ^ sides of the channel. These precautions were used for the manifest purpose ^ of excluding water as much as possible from the mason-work of the bridge, \ in order to avoid the fatal effects of frost. • Between Tarry Town and Sing Sing, after passing through three tunnels, over several high embankments or foundation walls, and along deep excava^- ^ tions, the aqueduct has another bridge eleven miles from the dam, having 5 twenty feet span and five feet elevation. After passing another tunnel the \ aqueduct reaches the valley of Mill River, 12J miles from the dam, which \ runs through " Sleepy Hollow" (rendered immortal by Irving,) and enters the < Hudson one mUe and a half above Tarry Town. \ MILL B.IV3B, OTTLVBRT. ? The stream is seventy-two feet below the bottom of the aqueduct, the span J of the arch twenty -five feet, and the length of the culvert 172. This is one ^ of the most romantic places on the line of the works, combining the beauties ] of nature with the wonders of art. Native forests crowd close upon the em- ; bankment, and vegetation clambers along its sides endeavoring to regain its \ usurped dominion. One more tunnel below Tarry Town conducts the aque- ^ duct to Jewell's Brook, 17^ miles from the dam, or just midway between 5 the fountain and receiving reservoirs, where the aqueduct is only one-fourth \ of a mile from the Hudson river. The culvert over this stream is six feet '< span and fourteen feet long. Another culvert for a road-way is fourteen feet ] 241 AQUEDUCTS. < span and 141 feet long. The wall sustaining the aqueduct is fifty feet in ; height. ; At Dobb's-Ferry Village there is another tunnel and a culvert over the i stream which passes through the valley at that place. ; At Hastings there is an aqueduct bridge over a rail-road leading to a I quarry which is near the work, and plainly visible beneath the arch. The ) span of this culvert is sixteen feet, and its distance from the Fountain Reser- \ voir twenty-one miles. J At Yonkers the aqueduct leaves the valley of the Hudson, and passing ! through a long tunnel, arrives at the valley of Saw Mill River. Over this I stream there is a culvert having a double arch, each of 25 feet span, and a ; bridge over the public road of 20 feet span. ; A mill-dam below the bridge sets back the water, so as to form a pond, ; over which the aqueduct passes at an elevation of 40 feet. ; After passing another tunnel at Tibbitt's Brook over a wall 30 feet high I and a culvert of six feet span, the aqueduct arrives at Harlem River, at a ; point one mile from McComb's Dam, 33 miles from the Fountain Reservoir, ' ten miles from the City Hall, and one mile from the Hudson River. I ™^ mm i^i^mmu < \ Harlem river, sometimes denominated " Spuyten Divel Creek" is an estu- ; ary through which the highest tides flow between the North and East Rivers, ; insulating the city of New- York, and forming Manhattan Island, the most ; populous island in the world of so limited dimensions, comprising only 18 ; square miles, each of which contains more than 30,000 inhabitants. Here 5 the Croton aqueduct encounters a valley one-fourth of a mile across, and 120 feet deep from the bottom of the aqueduct to the mean surface of the river. ■ To overcome this formidable obstacle to the further progress of their w^ork, < the Commissioners, counseled by their distinguished engineers, made their ; selection among several plans suggested. One of these plans proposed a re- < gular continuation of the water-channel of the aqueduct on the summit of a ; high bridge, either of stone piers and arches, or of iron wire-cables, sustained s by piers. . A second plan contemplated a low bridge near the river surface, and an 5 inverted syphon of iron pipes. A third proposed that such a syphon should J pass at its lowest point under the level of the river, so as to form no obstacle \ to its free navigation. Each of these plans had its peculiar advantages and ; inconveniences. The highest bridge on the grade of the aqueduct was most expensive, and this was its chief objectionable point ; but to countervail this 244 L AQUEDUCTS. inconvenience, it would convey a greater volume of water to the city than any other plan. The sub-fluminal syphon was much the least expensive of these schemes, and offered no obstruction to navigation. It was therefore pi-eferable to all others excepting the High Bridge, had it not been for the great desire of the engineers and others in places of power, to construct a monu- ment of genius and enterprise worthy of the mother city of the Republic. But in ultimating this plan, they shrunk at last from its complete execution, and dropped the water into a syphon only 13 feet below the full height de- manded to convey the entire flow of the aqueduct into the city. This timid policy has not, however, precluded or in any way hindered the final execution of the best plan, wliich was abandoned only on account of its expense. This extra cost will now be regarded as of little moment, compared with the ad- vantages of an adequate supply of water to the city. At the time when the Commissioners were about deciding to erect a low bridge, allowing fifty feet in altitude and eighty feet in width for the passage of small water-crafts, the Legislature of the State interposed a law for the protection of the navigation, requiring the city to construct the bridge with an arch over the river-channel at least 80 feet wide and 100 feet in height, or to go under the channel with a syphon. This latter method would have reqired an arched tunnel of solid masonry to protect the water-pipes from the action of salt water. A fear of the expense and difficulty of constructing such a tunnel, deterred the Commis- sioners from adopting it, to which result they had been partly impelled by the recent difficulties in completing the tunnel of the Thames in London. They had an alternative left them by the Legislature, which was nothing less than to raise an arched bridge as above-named, and they merely complied with the law in regard to the elevation of its arches. The following is a plan and history of the construction of this bridge. On the island shore of the Harlem River is an arch of fifty feet span ; across the channel there are eight arches, each of eighty feet span; and on the northern or Westchester shore are six arches each of fifty feet span; in all fifteen arches. The extremes of this range of arches are connected with the two shores by means of a foundation wall or abutment of dry stone-work. Two of the chaimel piers rest upon rock foundation which was reached by means of coffer dams constructed in the temporary earth-embankment which wholly filled the channel of the river during the construction of the dam, and upon which iron pipes were laid, through which the croton water reached the city while the bridge was being built. The other piers in the river were built upon wooden piles driven into the river bed, two feet apart from centre to centre and interfilled with concrete to the depth of three feet from their summits. The total elevation of the bridge above the foundations in the bed of the 246 AQUEDUCTS. river is one-hundred and fifty feet, and the whole space between the two seperated ends of the aqueduct, occupied by iron pipes, is one-tliousand-three- hundred and seventy -seven feet, which is fifty-seven feet more than the fourth of a mile. For this distance only one iron pipe of three feet diameter, sup- plies as yet, all the Croton water which the city receives. During the construction of the bridge a fountain pipe yielding a jet eight inches in diameter was connected with the lowest point of the syphon pipe, at the perpendicular distance of one-hundred and twenty feet below the sur- face of a two feet flow in the aqueduct. This gave a jet which rose to the height of one-hundred and fifteen feet, withiji five feet of the fountain head, and some higher than can ever be attained in the city for several reasons. The first reason is, that the fomitains in the city are several feet above the level of tide water ; and another, that the fountain head of the distributing reser- voir is also Several feet below that of the aqueduct above this syphon. A third reason is, that larger colunms of water, under the same or equal pres- sure, rise higher than smaller ones, which are proportionately more effected by the resistance of the atmosphere, on the same principle that a forty-two pound cannon shot will go to a gi*eater distance than a six pounder, under a proportionate projectile force. A few years ago, this beautiful " Maid of the Mist," taller than an " Amazon," and holding a rainbow in her hand whenever the sun shone upon her diamond sp^gled veil, lifting her head as if to overlook the neighboring hill tops, and worship, like the Maidens of the Ganges, the God of day, was an object of surpassing loveliness. But she has vanished from our sight, like the innocence of our infancy, never again to appear upon the earth. And thou watery maiden of the valley, farewell forever ! but, innocence of the virgin soul ! we would greet thee again in Heaven, exalted to the innocence of wisdom. Departing from the Harlem River, the aqueduct traverses two more tunnels before arriving at Manhattan Valley, thirty-five miles from the Cro- ton Dam. This valley is four-fiflhs of a mile wide, and its lowest point one-hundred and two feet below the line of the aqueduct grade. As at the river, so also here, considerations of economy prevented the construction of a double or treble row of arcades, presenting a noble object of architectural sublimity and beauty. In place of such a structure we have a double syphon formed by two iron pipes, each three feet in diameter, and provision for two more, should they ever become necessary. At the lowest part of the syphon waste cocks are provided to convey water, at pleasure, to the Hudson River, a dis- tance of half a mile. After passing this syphon the aqueduct plunges into another tunnel, and 247 AQUEDUCTS. at two miles distance arrives at Clendenning Valley, which is one-thousand- nine-hundred feet or about two fifths of a mile wide, having a depth of fifty feet. In this embankment, which is of dry stone, faced with mortered mason- work, there are three bridging culverts for roads in streets 98, 99, and 100. The central arch for carriages is of thirty feet span, and each of the arches for side walks, of ten feet span. The artistic finish of this embankment is not surpassed by any other on the line of the aqueduct. THE RECEIVING RESERVOIR OF THE CROTON AQUEDUCT. This occupies an elevated part of the island between the sixth and seventh avenues, 79th and 86th streets, covering seven of the city blocks, or thirty- five acres of ground. The bottom of the reservoir, after receiving a few feet of soil in some parts, and rock excavations in others, is mostly of gneiss rock, having many fissures which art was called upon to secure from leakage. This, as the event has proved, was successfully accomplished. The embankments of this reservoir are of earth, carefully assorted, and about twenty feet thick at top and sloping on the outside one foot horizontal- ly to three feet vertical descent. On the inside the slope is twice as steep, and covered with verdure to a line two feet above top-water line. This water line is four feet below the summit of the embankment. A fence bounds the entire wall on both sides, leaving the intervening space as a pro- menade, one mile in circuit. This reservoir is divided into two unequal parts, that on the north being twenty feet deep and the other thirty in the deepest parts. A quantity of rock was left above these depths, inasmuch as it was supposed that more depth and capacity would not be required. They can be deepened at any time if desired. Some portion of rock in the southern division crops out above the water. When both divisions are full, their united capacity is one- hundred and fifty-millions of gallons, which is equal to three-hundred gallons for each indi\ddual in the city, or about nine barrels. The reservoir unites with the aqueduct at the N. W. corner of the North- ern division, where there are regulating gates, from which point a lateral aqueduct, in the body of the embankment, leads to the Southern division, so that the flow of water may be excluded from either at pleasure. Besides this there is a connexion pipe to equalize the water in the two divisions when desired. There is a waste weir in the form of a well, the top being at the point above which the water is not desired to rise. This well is connected with a sewer which conducts the water to the East River. 248 AQUEDUCTS. In each division of the receiving reservoir there are two gateways for the discharge of the water into the main pipes which supply the city. Those on i the East side supply the distributing reservoir, and those on the West are I designed to supply the part of the city above it. < Between the two reservoirs in the city there are at present two iron > pipes, each of three feet diameter, which, of course, are able to discharge 5 water nearly as fast as the two pipes of the same calibre at the High Bridge, ^ can furnish it. > THE DISTRIBUTING RESERVOIR OF THE CROTON AQUEDUCT. ] > As a work of art and an object of curiosity, the Distributing Reservoir ^ i far surpasses its companion. Like the other, it is on one of the highest points - ? of land on the island, adjoining the 5th avenue, and between 40 and 42d f t streets, occupj-ing a part of two blocks. It is three miles from the City Hall, j ^ and two from the Receiving Reservoir. i The pipes approach it through the 5th avenue, and enter it in 42d street '', < under the central pilaster, which has a door leading to the vaults where the ? I stop-cocks for regulating the flow of water are situated, between the outer and \ i inner walls of the structure. On the opposite side, in 40th street, two pipes ; J leave the reservoir and take the water to the city, where it is distributed in I \ smaller pipes to the houses, stores and shipping. ^ < The Distributing Reservoir is 420 feet square at the top, and 436 at the '/ base, covering a little over four acres. The walls are 45 feet above the cir- ^ cumjacent streets, and fifty feet above the foundations. The maximum depth j of the water is 36 feet, and the superflux passes off through a well in the central wall to the Hudson River, one mile distant. The capacity of this reservoir is 20,000,000 of gallons, and its distance from the Croton dam > forty miles. The central pilaster on the 5th avenue has a stairway leading / to the top of the Reservoir, where there is an elegant promenade protected < on either hand by an iron railing. > Between the outer and inner walls, entirely around the reservoir, is a ^ chamber reaching to within eight feet of the top water-line. This method of > constructing the wall in two parts at the bottom, and meeting in an arch at ^ the top, has several important advantages. It enables the superintendant to examine the work and guard against leakage. It protects from the action of I frost the only wall that can become saturated with water. It gives a greater > degree of strength with the same amount of material. These are sufficient \ apologies for this form of the wall. On the external face of the outer wall, ^ the declination inwards from a perpendicular, is equal to one sixth the height ^ 249 \ AQUEDUCTS. of the wall, or two inches to the foot, agreeably with the Egyptian style of architecture, of which it is a specimen. The face of the inner wall and bottom of the aqueduct is lined to the thickness of fifteen inches on the surface, of puddled earth, with solid hy- draulic masonry. This may be regarded the end of the Croton aqueduct, the whole cost of which thus far was $9,000,000. The expense of pipes for the city is $3,000, 000, making in all twelve-millions of dollars, which if laid side by side in Spanish or American silver dollars, would form a row three hundred miles in length, or about eight times the length of the aqueduct, and would weigh 335 tons. The following computations are correct, neglecting fractions. The aqueduct cost $5 for each inch of its length, $60 per foot, $1,000 per rod, $330,000 per mile, total $9,000,000. Allowing twenty feet for each waggon and team, which is less space than they would require in tra^ veiling, and each team to draw a ton of this amount of silver, the cavalcade would extend just a mile and a quarter, equal to the distance from the City Hall to Fourth-street in Broadway. This sum was provided by loans on water stock, the annual interest of which is paid by those who use the water, or by direct taxation on the property of the city, which in the end amounts to the same thing, inasmuch as the real tax payers are those who pay the rents as well as the direct water tax. Thus from year to year, those who are directly benefited by the introduction of the water into the city, pay the actual cost of it, leaving their posterity to do the same. An annual sinking fund to liquidate this loan would only impose upon the present generation the unjust burthen of providing water gratis for their successors. ) Next to Oood Water, Good Morals, and a GOOD POLICE, such as we ^ had in the times of the Clintons, the Jays, and the Livingstons, the most im- \ portant requisitions for the permanent growth and prosperity of the city, are \ home Manufactures, Domestic Trade, and FOREIGN COMMERCE. Manu- \ factures can flourish only in proportion to the extent and activity of business \ intercourse with the States at home and the Nations abroad. The ocean ^ provides for the latter, assisted by one of the finest harbors in the world. \ Provision for the former requires two more items of internal improvement, ^ in regard to which, the two political parties which at present divide the na- > tion are unfortunately at issue. These are the Pacific Railroad and the Erie <, Canal enlargement. A few years we trust will bring them both, and with J them an influx of travel and of business which will fill the island with inhabi- tants within half a century, and add a million of people to its environs. 250 TlZir OP THE CP.0T01T DAM, WITH ITS APRON AND BREAKWATER, ENGRAVING ON WOOD. The subscriber respectfully informs the public that his facilities for doing all kinds of Wood Engraving, are unsurpassed. Having the largest establishment IN AMERICA, he is able to execute all orders in his line, however large, with promptness and dispatch, in the best style, and on reasonable terms. Orders by Express, or Telegraph, promptly attended to 75 & 77 NASSAU-STREET, NEW- YORK. 252 ALPHABETICAL CATALOGUE TWO OF EACH BUSINESS. Accoucheuses, Advertising Agents, Agricultural Warehouse, American Fire Balm, Architects, Art^cial Flowers, Artificial Legs, Artists, Artists' Colors, Auctioneer, Aurists, Awnings, Axe Makers, Bags and Bagging, Bakers, — Bread, Biscuit — Sea Crackers, Cake, Bankers, Basket Makers, ANN HAYNES, 117 Varick-street. MAKY WILSON, 280 East Eighteenth-street V. B. PALMER, Tribune Buildings. S. M. PETTLNGILL & Co. 122 Naegau street A. B. ALLEN, 189 Water-street RALPH & Co. 23 Fulton-street S. BROWN, 307 Broadway. C. F. ANDERSON, 44 Wall-street D. H. ARNOT, 50 Wall-street G. LEMERCIER, 172 WilUam-strcet E. B. STRANGE, 18 Murray-street W. SELPHO, 24 Spring-street. PROFF. BRUNSWICK, 46 Centre-street 1. W. AUDUBON, 34 Liberty-street F. ANELI, 46 Howard-street SAMUEL N. DODGE, 189 Chatham-square. GOUPIL & Co. 289 Broadway. A. BLEECKER, 7 Broad-street BANGS BROTHERS & Co. (Books,) 13 Park Row. CASTLE & EDWARDS, 518 Broadway. W. T. LEUTENER, 80 Prince-street C. H. TYLER, 25 East Broadway. HIRAM DAVIS, 153 Walker-street COLLINS & Co. 212 W.ster-street D. SIMMONDS & Co. 7 Gold-street J. J. JONES & Co. 47 Wall-street J. STEVENSON, 21 Cedar-street R. M. WALDUCK. 96 Sixth Avenue. HECKER & BROTHERS, 483 Pearlstreet . JOHNSON & TREADWELL. 110 Beekman-street TAYLOR & WILSON, 73 Fulton-street TREADWELL & SON, 277 Washington-street MASON, BALL & Co. 244 Front-street S. ALBRO, 103 Bleecker-street PETER THOMPSON, 368 Greenwich-street. BEEBE 4; Co. 47 Wall-street T. & E. TOWNSEND. 24 Merchants Exchange. A. ANDREWS, 95 East Twenty-ninth-street THOMAS BARTINE, 93 Murray-street. 253 ALPHABETICAL CATALOGUE. Baths, Bedstead Manufactory, Bell Hanger, Bill Posters, Bird Cages, Bird Staffers, Birds, Blacking, Blacksmith, Blocks & Pumps, Block Letters, Boarding House, Boarding House, Intelligence Boat Builders, Boiler Makers, Bolting Cloths, Boots & Shoes, Booksellers, Bookbinders, . Botanic Medicines, Boys' Clothing, Brass Pounders, Brass Turner, Brick Dealers, HENRY C. RABINEAU, foot of Desbrosses-street. HALL &. SHEPARD, Battery. C. W. GARDINER, 69 Gold-street. 1. GRANT, 522 Greenwich-street. M. O. BAKER, 117 East Nineteenth-strceL D. COLLINS, 109 Nassau-street. W. SMITH, 24 Spruce-street J. & C. BERRIAN, 601 BroadWRy. A. J. ALLEN, 80 Fifth-street. F. G. BELL. 289 Broadway. M. LEROY, 189 Hester-street. A. GRIEVE, 9 Barclay-street. C. SWIFT, 88 Leonard-street. C. LEE, 1 John-street. FRAZER & EVERITT, 36 Gold-street G. ACKERM.tN. 573 Hudson street HIGGINS & SONS, 70 Frankfort-street T. BAPTIST, 271 South-street I. T. MORTON, 50 West-street A. BRANDON, 4 Tryon Row. * I. H. DOUGHTY, 387 Greenwich-street MISS BURR, 279 Hudson-street. Office, 307 Broadway. H. BAPTIST, 368 Cherry-street. G. C. NEWM.tN, 245 Front-street. E. AGNEW, 388 Ninth-street STILLMAN & ALLEN, 242 Water-street H. BODMER, Jr. 7 William-street I. PLATT, 10 Spi-uco-street S. CAHILL, 377 Broadway. E. FERRIS, 44 Nassau-street DANIEL BURGESS, & Co. 60 John-street A. S. BARNES, & Co. 51 John-8trc«t. N. ACKERMAN, 181 Wall-street L. S. BALLOU, 8 Park Place. LAW & BOYD, 63 Broadway. C. O. ALLEN, 266 Canal-street CLOSE & S.MITH, 79 William-street THORN & OWEN, 414 Broadw.->y. J. M BARD. 12 Canal-street. EDDY & WELLS, 38 Gold-strc t G. BARTO, 1G6 Orchard-street D. CLARK, 326 West-street J. KAYLOR, 136 Monroe-street. 254 ALPHABETICAL CATALOGUE. Bristles, Britannia Ware, Brokers, Brush Makers, Builders, Burr Stones, Butter Dealers, Butchers, Buttons, Cabinet Ware, Caulker, Candles, Cane Makers, Caps, Cap Fronts, Capitalists, Card (Blank) Manufacturers, Carpenters, Carpets, Carpet Weaver, Carpet Shakers, Carriage Manufacturers, Chair Makers, Chair Seaters, HURSMAN & Co. 14 Platt-street. E. MILLS, 178 Pearl-street J. HAGUE, 17 Platt-street PRIMROSE & Co. 20 Chambers-street. JACOB LITTLE, 97 Wall-street BLATCHFORD 4: Co. 39 WilUam-street J. BALL, 168 West Twenty-Eighth-street. THOMAS CURRAN, 62 Vesey-street CHRISTIE &, BOGART, 103 Bank-street T. C. SMITH, 7 East Twenty-Eighth-street P. MORRIS o o 3 c CO 12; o o H 0 -s a o 60^ » •2 -3 ro a ■S « ^ § So - C 4) 1-1 ^ <0 ^ ® a, -S CO _ ^ ^ i i-i ac -eaouno 91 iSAO )ou puB 'saouno sx J^aq 2 0 i-t QO 00 to rr r-l OJ OJ 00 cc puo 'uoauno fi isaq CC to S L'i OJ 01 0 »o 0 0* 1— i •"I" 1-H 1-1 OJ 00 o» OJ T ■saoano j^ao joa puB 'saouno g[ joao a 0 »-( i-t to CO C5 to C3 o» « •saouno^t-iaAOioa pae '890uao n jsaq a 0 0 1— t 0 Oi to C< 00 I— 1 1—1 to OJ CO puii 'gaDuno ox -i^AQ 5 00 i? to T-t i-H ' OJ CO OJ CO •b-JOunoQl JSAO^oa puB 'eaouno q jaAQ 0 00 to 1— I \a 0 \a i-i ^ 0 0 OJ CO •saDuno 6 jaAO loa fiHB 'saouno g joaq D I— t S 00 t» OJ •sanuno g isBaj jB uuitfSiaM uatj^YV ai 'saaano g jaAO joa [iHB 's.jaunu ^ j.(A0 to 00 OJ to 0» ■saoano i aaAO jou paB 'eaaano g joaq u t» 0 OJ saauno 9 joao lou paB 'saouno g joaq to O) OJ 00 •saouno g J3A0 ^ou puu 'saouno f .laAQ to ;? 0 lO •saauno f joao jou puB 'saouno fj jaAQ -orDB. Monroe-street, l-8th. North River, l-6th. Bleecker-street, M6th. Pearl-street, l-16th. North River, l-6th. Grand-street, 7-8ths. Centre-street, ll-16tha North River, 1-iDin. North River, 3-8ths. Hamersley-street, 1 5-8ths. Mercer-street, 3-16th8. North River, 3-16th8. Ninth Avenue, 1 3-4th8. 9th to 10th Avenues, jjasi ;4uin-streei, East River, l-4th. Water-street, Frankfni-t^street, l-16th. James Slip, l-4tD. East River, ]-8th. North River, 3-8thB. North River, l-4iu. East River, 5-16thB. Mulbery-street, l-16th. Pearl-street, 5-16th8. Bleecker-street, East River, l-16th. North River, 1-half. Eighth-street, l-4th. North River, 5-16th8. 9th Avenues, Amity-street, 5-8th8. 191 to 235, Orange-street, 1-half. North River, 3-8th8. 88 to 104, Tenth-street, 13-16th8. 42d-street, 1 l-16th. s STREETS OF NEW-YORK. Liberty-street, Liberty Court, Liberty Place, Ligpenard-stieet, Little Water-street, Livingston Place, London Terrace, in Ludlow-street, Ludlow Place, ia McDougal-street, Madison-street, Madison Avenue, Madison Court, Maiden Lane, Man gin-street, Manhattan-street, Manhattan Place, Marion-street, Market-street, Mechanics' Alley, Marketfield-street, Mechanic Place, Mechanic Place, Mercer-street, ililligan Place, Mill ward Place, Minetta Place, Minetta Lane, Monroe-street, Monroe Place, Montgomery-street, Moore-street, Morris- street, Morton-street, Mott-street, Mulberry-street, Murray-street, Xassau-street, New-street, Ninth-street, Ninth Avenue, Norfolk-street, North More-street, North William-st. Nyack Place, Oak-street, Old Slip, Oliver-street, Orange-street, Orchard-street, Beeunuiif. Maiden Lane, 4 and 6 Liberty Place, Liberty-street to West Broadway, Cross-street, Between E. 16th & E. ITth-sts. West 23d-street. Division-street, Houston-street, Spring-street, Pearl-street, East 2:id-stTeet, Rear of 219 Madison-street, Broadway, Grand-street, Houston-street, Elm-street, Broome-street, Division-street, Monroe-street, Whitehall-street, Rear of 28 Avenue A, Rear of 359 Rivington-street, Canal-street, Rear of 139, 6th Avenue, West 3l8t-street, between Bleecker-street, McDougal-street, Catharine-street, 201 to 229 Division-street, Pearl-street, Broadway, Bleecker-street, Chatham-street, Chatham-street, Broadway, Wall-street. WaU-street; Sixth Avenue, Gansevoort-street, Division-street, West Broadway, Frankfort-street, Rear of 31 Bethune-street, Pearl-street, Pearl-street, Chatham-street, Chatham-street, Division-street, 28S North River, r-16th8. Maiden Lane, Broadway, 3-16th8. Anthony-street, and Ist & 2d Avenue, 212 to 262, Houston-street, 9-16ths. 700 to 720, Eighth-street, 5^ha. Grand-street, 1 l-8tii. 42d-8treet, 1. East River, 1-half. East River, 9-16thc. Third-street, l-24th. Reade-street, l-16th. l-8th. South-street, 3-8th8. Cherry-street, Broad-street, l-16th. Eighth-street, 15-16th8. Eighth & Ninth Avs. Minetta Lane, l-18th. 6th Avenue, l-12th. Grand-street, 1. Monroe-street, East River, 3^thg. East River, l-8th. North River, l-8th. North River, 1-half. Bleecker-street, 7-8th8. Bleecker-street, 7-8thB. North River, 3-8thB. Chatham-street, S-Sths. Beaver-street, l-24th, East River, 1 1-half. Harlem River, 7. Houston-street, 1-half. North River, 3-8th8. Chatham-street, l-4th. Catharine-street, l-4th. East River, l-8th. East River, 5-16th8 Grand-street, 1-half. Houston-street, 5-8ths. STREETS OF NEW-YORK. 7 Park Place, Park Row, Pearl-street, Peck Slip, Pelham-street, Pell-street, Perry-street, Pike-street, Pine-street, Pitt-street, Platt-street, Prince-street, Randall Place, in Reade-street, Rector-street, Renwick-street, Ridge-street, Rivington-street, Rivington Place, in Robinson-street, Rosevelt-street, Rose-street, Rutgers-street, Rutgers Place, in Russell Place, in Rutherford Place, Ryder's Alley, Scammel-street, Scott's Alley, Second-street, Second Avenue, Seventh-street, Seventh Avenue, Sheriff-street, Sixth-street, Sixth Avenue, South-street, South William-st. Springle's Place, in Spring-street, Spruce-street, Stanton-street, Stanton Place, in Staple-street, State-street, St. Clement's Place, St. John's Lane, St. Mark's Place, in St. Peter's Place, in Stone-street, Beginning. Broadway, Ann-street, State-street, Pearl-street, Mouroe-street, Bowery, Greenwich Avenue, Division-street, Broadway, Division-street, Pearl-street, Bowery, 9th-street, Centre-street, Broadway, Canal-street, Division-street, Bowery, Rivington-street, College Place, Chatham-street, Frankfort-street, Division-street, Monroe-street, Greenwich Avenue, between 16th and 17th-street8, and Fulton-street, East Broadway, Franklin-street. Bowery, Houston-street, Fourth Avenue, Greenwich Avenue, Grand-street, Boweiy, Carmine-street, Whitehall-street, William-street, 15th-street, Bowery, Nassau-street, Bowery, Stanton-street, Duane-street, Whitehall-street, in McDougal-street, Beach-street, Eighth-street, Church-street, Whitehall-street, 284 Eod. Length in Miles. Church-street, l-12th. Spruce-street, l-8th. Broadway, 1 5-8th8. South-street, l-8th. Cherry-street, l-16th. Mott-street, l-16th. North River, 1-half. East River, 3-8th8. East River, 3-8th8. Houston-street, 3-8th8. William-street, l-8th. McDougal-street, 9-16th8. North River, 9-16th8. North River, 3-16th8. Spring-street, l-8th. Houston-street, 5-16th8. East River, 1. North River, l-8th. East River, 5-16ths. Pearl-street, 3-16th8. East River, 5-16th8. Jefferson to Clinton st. 2d and 3d Avenues, Gold-street, l-24th. Water-street, l-4th. Walker-street, l-6th. Avenue D, 13-16th8 Harlem River, 6 l-4th. East River, Harlem River, Second-street, East River, Harlem River, East River, Broad-street, North River, Gold-street, East River, Harrison-street, Broadway, Laight- street. William-street, 1. 6 *4th8. 3-8th8. 1. 7. 2. l-€th. 1. l-6th. 1. l-12th. l-6th. l-12th. l-8th. 8 STEEETS OF NEW-YORK. Nvn«. Stuyvesant- street, SuffoIk-8treet, Sullivan-street, Temple-street, Tenth-street, Tenth Avenue, Thames-street, Theatre Alley, Third-street, Third Avenue, Thomas-street, Thompson-street, ^ Tinpot Alley, Tompkins'-street, Tompkins' Place, in Trinity Place, Troy-street, Union Court, Union Place, Uoiversit)' Place, Vandam-street, Vandewater-street, Varick-street, Varick Place, in Vesey-street, Vestry-street, Walker-street, Wall-street, Walnut-street, Warren-street, Warren Place, in Washington-street, Washington Place, Washington Sq. in Water-street, Watts'-street, Waverly Place, Weehawken-street, Wesley Place, in West-street, West Broadway, W. Broadway Place, West Court-street, West Eleventh-street, West Twelfth-street, West Thirteenth-st. West Fourteenth-st. West Fifteenth-st. West Sixteenth-gt. West Seventeenth-st. 3d Avenue, Division-street. Canal-street, Liberty-street, 6th Avenue, West- street, Broadway, Ann-street, Bowery, Bowery, Church-street, Canal-street, Greenwich-street, Grand-street, Tenth-street, Liberty-street, Greenwich Avenue, Eear of University Place, Fourteenth-street, Fourth-street, McDougal-street, Frankfort-street, Franklin- street, Sulivan-street, Broadway, Canal-street, West Broadway, Broadway, Henry-street, Broadway, Charles-street, Battery Place, Broadway, Waverly Place, Whitehall-street, Sulivan-street, Broadway, Amos-street, Mulberry-street, Battery Place, Chambers-street, in Laurens-street, 2 to 28, Kear of West 23d-street, Broadway, Gransevoort-street, 5th Avenue, 5th Avenue, 5th Avenue, 5th Avenue, 5th Avenue, 286 End. Length in Milea. 2d Avenue, l-8th. Houston-street. 1-half. Amity-street, S-Sths. Thames-street, East River, 1 l-half Harlem Kiver, 10 1-half. Greenwich-street, l-16th. Beekman-street, l-16th. East River, 1 l-16th. Harlem River, 6. Hudson-street, l-8th. Fourth-street, ll-16th8. Trinity Place, l-16th. East River, 3-8ths. Tinpot Alley, North River, 3-8th6. Seventeenth-street, Tenth-street, 1-half. Greenwich-street, l-4th. Pearl-street, l-8th. Carmine-street, ll-lGths. North River, North River, Division-street, East River, East River, North River, 5-16ths. l-4th. 7-8th8. 3-8th8. l-4th. 3-8th8 Gransevoort-street, 2 7-16thg. Wooster-street, l-8th. East River, 2. North River, S-Sths. Christopher-street, 1-half. Christopher-street, l-16th. Tenth Avenue, Canal-street, 2 1-haIE 1-half. Greenwich Avenue, 5-8th8. North River, l-8th. North River, 1. North River, ]. North River, 1. North River, ] l-ieth. North River, 1 l-ieth. STREETS OF NEW-YORK. WeBt Eighteenth-st. West Nineteenth-st. West Twentieth-st. West 2l8t-street, West 22d-street, West 23d-8treet, West 24th-street, West 25th street, West 26th-street, West 27th-8treet, West 28th-Btreet, West 29th-street, West 30th-8treet, West Sist-street, West 32cl-8treet, West 33d-street, W. Washington Place, White-street, Whitehall-street Willet- street, William-street, Wooster-street, York-street, 5th Avenue, 5th Avenue, 5th Avenue, 5th Avenue, 5th Avenue, 5th Avenue, 5th Avenue, 5th Avenue, 5th Avenue, 5th Avenue, 5th Avenue, 5th Avenue, 5th Avenue, 5th Avenue, 5th Avenue, 5th Avenue, in Barrow-street, West Broadway, Broadway, Grand-street, Stone-street, Canal-street, St. John's Lane, North River, Iv^'orth Kiver, North River, North River, North River, North River, North River, North River, North River, North River, North River, North River, North River, North River, North River, North River, Orange-street, East River, Houston-street, Pearl-street, University Place, West Broadway, Length in Miles. 1 l-]2th. 1 l-8th. 1 l-8th. 1 leth. 1 l-Cth. 1 1-Gth. 1 l-6th. 1 l-4th. 1. 1. 1. 1 l-16th. 1 l-16th. 1 l-16th. 1 l-16th. 1 l-16th. 3-8ths. 3-8ths. 3-8th8. 15-16thB. 3-4th8. l-16th. STOCKTON'S mmm m retail BY GENERAL AGENT, 307 BROADWAY, NEW-YORK. 286 HOOPER) THICIM & C0# mm wm'K m mimii wmmni^mm^ CASTINGS MADE TO ORDER. F. D. BYRNES, AGENT, (Between 30th and 31st Streets.) S;sr^'v2F7'a'Sr(E>£^!:^a FACTORY, OOHITSE OP ITS WARS & IvIBADOW STUBBTS, 287 CHESEBROUGH, BUCHANAN & Co. COMMISSION PiPIR lARBlOFO, " 107 fULTOII & 54 ANN STREETS, NEW-YOUR. E. CHESERROUGH, O. S. BUCHANAN, C. ^ILMER, W. H. PARSONS. RAG ■WAREHOUSE, No. 41 ANN-STREET. M. CHAMBERLIN, IMPORTER AND MANUFACTURER OP II9 iiifiiil a O 3 B n. O -A. ID -A. Y, ROOM 4, UP STAIES, Corner of Fulton-street, NEW-YORK. JOSEPH CHAMBERLIN. AGENT. 288 FOR THE BODY, ENAMEL, AND GUM COLOUR, TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS, FURNISHED BY A PHILADELPHIA BLOCK-MAKER, Through the Agency of CHAS. SPALDIfIG ii CO. 307 BROADWAY, NEW-YORK, The Receipts will be delivered personally to the purchasers, or forwarded by Mail, to Cash orders, to any part of the world, with printed directions in cypher or hyeroglyphics for all parts of the process of mixing the materials, carving the Blocks, making and applying the enamel and gum coloring, and baking the pieces. Furnaces sent to order, or methods of constructing them of fire bricks, particularly described. All the materials necessary for this manufacture furnished at the usual prices. Written engagements of secrecy must accompany every order, and an agreement, not to sell or otherwise convey the Receipts to others, or expose the cypher by which only the printed directions can be read. Specimens of good block work furnished at one dollar per tooth, to be used as samples. Charles Spalding & Co. 307 Broadway, New-York. 289 INDEX TO ADVERTISERS. Alcock, J. Allen, J. Anderson, H. Anthony, E. Appleton, Page 245 204 298 tinted paper. 6 185 BaU, J. R. 75 Barnes, A. S. ill, Co. Alphab. Cat. and 56 Bayard, P. M. 68 Beebe & Co. 100 Beale, J. C. 98 Beck, J. & Co. 108, 9 Berhard, L. Alphabetical Catalogue, & 4 Berrian, J. & C. 156, 7, 8 Bliss, G. 174, 5 Blunt &. Syms, Alphabetical Catalogue. Bowen & McNamee, 32 Brady, 42, 3 Bragg, A. G. & Co. 52 Brooks, E. A. 94, 5 Brown, A. W. 22 Brown, S. 59, 127 Brown & Tasker, 299 tinted page back. Burgess, D. & Co. Alphabetical Cat. & 66 Burroughs, W. H. 12 Brunswick, 64 Cahill, Chamberlin, M Chesebrough, Buchanan & Co. Chevalier, J. D. Culman & Stetson, Colton, J. H. Combs, E. Cooke, R. P. Crosby, C. Crowen, T. S. Davenport, Davis & Jones, 46 288 288 62 16, 17 4 50 178, 9 167 60 117 34,5 Degroot, A. Page 21 Delmonico, 40 Demarest, A. 115 Dempsey, J. 92 Disbrow, W. H. 76 Dodge, S. N. Alphabetical Catalogue. Donadi, G. 74 Edwards, N. Alphabetical Catalogue. Estes & Brother. 99 Farr & Briggs, 116 Farrand, 81 Ferris, E. - 88 FUbrin & Quinn, Alphabetical Catalogue. Flagler, F. P. 118 Foster, M. L. 1 Francis &. Loutrel, inside cover, front. Freeman &. Bright, 14, 15 French, 96 Gay, A. W. & Co. 80 Gibson, 198, 9 Gilbert & Co. 182 GilUes, F. J. 18 Graflt & Betts, 153 Grant, C. W. 135, 6, 7 Gray, J. Alphabetical Catalogue. Green, 60 Greenway & Brother, 164, 5, 6 Hall & Son, 72 Harris, 28 Heylin, W. 68 Herring, S. 79 Higgins Brothers, 111 Holmes & Butler, 171 Horton as the work progresses in new editions of the present season, and in new l volumes from year to year. Many individuals in the higher departments of J art and commerce, are preparing for future issues of the Pictorial Directory I much more attractive illustrations than any contained in the first edition of I 1853. J The Editor has matured a plan of embellishing the future volumes, and \ even the subsequent issues of the present volume, which will enable all ad- \ vertisers to connect their notices with beautiful designs capable of conveying \ them, like carrier pigeons, to the farthest hamlets of the land. > All individuals having either business or merchandise deserving exten- l sive notoriety, and capable of bearing, without disgrace, the mid-day blazonry J of the New Pictorial, are requested to consult the Editor on this point, at I 307 Broadway. Editor. H P 1 - » g « o e «* >< s o 1 A er » a r* W ID e •e "S »«• o a » er o H o A W f+ •4 o a ^ i > » H o ^ i ?2? OH t5 ^ a ^ PS ^ > o ■ CO < CO < Si? Si e A VERY LAKGE STOCK OF EVERY POSSIBLE VARIETY. -3 0 ill H :^ 9) H Q W - in a » < PS «! o H 75 > o K O i^' O H g > n _ hri n o S5 >. P3 CO aTvsaaoHM iv 'saoiaj my\ AaaA iv I o r m > m > m > \ HOTEL AND DINING SALOONS, 23, 25 6^%Hif|e §lip, oi)e Soolr firolni) i SOUTH-STEEET. > The proprietor of this establishment informs his friends and the t public that his Dining Saloons have been greatly enlarged, and hun- j dreds can be accommodated at a time with I BRBASrAST, DINITBII OR BITPPBR. j He has now for the travelling public ^ 75 Single Rooms at the moderate charge of 25 cents per night, j The beds, bed furniture, and fixtures are new and were made ex- ^ pressly to order. The buildings are perfectly ventilated, with all the \ modern improvements, gas throughout, Croton water on every floor, > water closets, &c. &;c. \ THE LOCATION CANNOT BE SURPASSED. I Catharine Ferry is at the door, and a line of stages runs from the I Ferry to the Hudson Eiver Eailroad Depot, corner of 32nd-street and ' 10th Avenue, crossing Broadway at Broome, in the immediate vici- ^ nity of Wood's Minstrel Hall ; Christy's celebrated Troop of Min- i strels ; Wallack's Lyceum ; and Niblo's. Within ten minutes walk < of the hotel, are Jackson, Montague, Peck Slip and Fulton Ferries, f and several lines of stages running from them to the upper part of I the city, also at the head of Catharine-street is Chatham Square Post- l office, and within a block or two are the National, the St. Charles, I and the Bowery Theatres. \ THE TABLES ARE SUPPLIED WITH THE BEST the market and the season can afford. The Bar is stocked with Pure Liquof, and Sepfs of the Clioicest Brands, Our Saddle Eock, Chincarora and Shrewsbury Oysters served up at the shortest notice. Open Day and Night. 296 Specimens seen in the Crystal Palace, and at the mercantile writing rooms o(" A. H. Wheeler, 251 Broadway, corner of Murray-street, New- York. When we speaK of the specimens as being elegant^ we use the term ele- gant in its most exalted sense, for we do not believe that any Chyrographer of any age or country has surpassed some of these samples executed by Mr. Wheeler, not even in the days of old, before the art of Penmanship was par- tially superceded by the art of Printing. The last cabinet piece produced by Mr. Wheeler, in anticipation of the New-York Industrial Exhibition, contains a head of Christ, in mezzo-tinto style, executed wholly with the pen and ink, and unsurpassed by any thing of the kind ; also the Lord's Prayer, in ornamental letters ; a chapter from one of the Gospels, and the Lord's Prayer plainly written four times in the size of a six and a quarter cent silver coin. These exquisite productions, which charm the lovers of art, may perhaps be regarded by business men as of little use, because they find more occa- sion for a mercantile hand ; and this is the very sphere of Mr. Wheeler's greatest usefulness. It is thit mercantile hand which he teaches his pupils to execute with unequalled success. His rooms are the daily resort, from year to year, of merchant's clerks and those intending to become such, to whom the ability of writing an elegant hand is invaluable. Under such instruction as that imparted by Mr. Wheeler, such a hand can be acquired by young men of ordinary genius, provided the necessary industry and zeal be brought to the undertaking. Without them, all the instruction in the world is of little use, inasmuch as a good, rapid, and uniform hand is the result, not of instinct, or of good fortune, nor of noble birth, but of settled habit. The mu- sic of the pianoforte does not demand long and patient practice any more imperatively than good penmanship. There is no royal road to this attain- ment. It is a positive virtue in any young man to reach it ; and the true reason why so few men do reach it, is, that there is so little persevering vir- tue in the world. The man who should throw a bushel of peas through a lady's finger ring at the distance of ten feet, without missing the mark in a single instance, would give little more evidence of enduring per-severance in drilling his muscular system into that delicate service, than he who shall write a perfect hand. But perfection is not demanded. If a few peas fail of their mark, it will be excused. Good writing is of great value, even if it be not perfect, and the acquisition will belong forever, as it should do, to him who earns it. Let all who have the laudable ambition to excel in this delightful art, enlist immediately in the corps of Captain Wheeler, and with pen and ink, as the weapons of the warfare, fight manfully till every enemy shall retreat. The victory belongs to those who " never tire" defeat to the indolent, the unambi- tious, and the inactive. Mr. Wheeler's rooms, for instruction in Penmanship and Book-keeping, are at No. 251 Broadway, upper corner of Murray-st. Ed. 297 The celebrated Largest and Cheapest CARPET ESTABLISHMENT tije Slnitftr States, && BOXVEin-Y, INT. Yortxs., EiaHT SPACIOUS SALES ROOMS. 298 CHURCH sr BRVSHES, BEADS, PORTE MOZTZTAIES, POCKET BOOKS, WALLETS, PINS, HOOKS AND EYES, MILWARD & SONS' NEEDLES, Buttons, Lead Pencils, Flaying Cards, &c. &c. 299 WILDER'S PATENT SALAMANDER SAFES, T"ITH mCH'S 1MPE.0VEMB1TT. STEARNS & MARVIN Are the only IVEanufacturers of these Celebrated Safes in the United States. Parties, before purchasing, are respectfully requested to call at the store of the un- dersigned and read the certificates of tests, in accidental fires, which have occurred during the last eleven years, when they cannot fail to be convinced of the Superioritj of these Safes over all others, For no instance is on record where any person has ever lost a book, or a paper, by fire, when locked up in one of Rich's Salamander Safes : and not a Lock upon these Safes has ever been picked by a burglar. A LARGE ASSOETMNT ALWAYS ON HAND AT THE mO)^ NEW-YORK. STEARNS &, MARVIN, The only Manufacturers of Salamander Safes combiiiiiig Wilder's ami Rich's Patent. S. & M. are the owners of the Patent of Jones' Rotatiho Permutation Plate Lock, which acquired such celebrity at the World's Fair, London, owing to tlie uneuc- ceseful attempts to open it. Its combination embraces 24 millions of changes. 300