...ot tbe... IDPiorh of ^foreign flRissions... of tbe IReformet) Cburcb In tbe ■ClnlteO States. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2019 with funding from Columbia University Libraries https://archive.org/details/historicalsketchOOcall 1 ■ S 1 .* » \ : f I OUR MISSIONARIES IN JAPAN, HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE WORK OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE Reformed Church in the United States. By rev. S. N. CALLENDER, D.D. Secretary of the Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the United .States, REVISED EDITION PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF THE BOARD. Press of Report rublisliiiig Co , Ivimited, Lebanon, Pa. HISTORICAL SKETCH ,TIIK WORKOF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE Reformed Church in the United States. The Early Struggles of Our Church. P OR well nigh half a century, after the Reformed Church in the United States assumed, in 1793, the power of self-government, it was in a state of prep¬ aration—of train,ing for the work which in His prov¬ idence Cod had committed to its hands. What with a membershii) widely scattered over several States; with a totally inadequate force of ministers, and without the means, in the form of educational institutions to supply this want, it engrossed its attention and exhausted every resource at its command, to provide as best it could for its imperative ne¬ cessities and save it from loss and disintergration. The neces¬ sity of the establishment of institutions for the rearing of a sufficient and com])etent ministry was early perceived and ap¬ preciated, hut the means were not available. It was not until after the failure of several attemi)ts that at length in 1825 an arrangement was affected with the authorities of Dickinson College, Carlisle, r*a., by which it was hoped to meet the emer¬ gency, hut this tO(j proved ineff'ectual. Another effort was made to establish the necessary institutions of learning at York, Pa., where the Seminary, having failed at Carlisle, wms reor¬ ganized. This proved to he more ])romising. It continued in partially successful 0])eration until 1837, furnishing thirtv-five persons to the ranks of the ministry. In conse(:(uence (jf the want of academic training on the part of most of the students, the professors had been under the necessitv of imparting in¬ struction in the classical liranches. Hence arose the necessitv 4 Historical Sketch of the of establishing' a college. This was realized at length by the founding of IMarshall College in Mercersbnrg, Pa., in 1835, and two years after, the Seminary was moved there from York. Election of the f'irst Board of Foreign Missions. \o sooner did the question of providing an adequate min¬ istry reach a hopeful solution than the Church felt that it was prepared to give a more attentive ear to the voice of the Mas¬ ter. commanding, "Go ye into all the world and preach the gos¬ pel to every creature.” At the meeting of the Synod of the United States in 1838, in Lancaster, Pa., the Board of Home ^Missions in its report, suggested the organization of a For¬ eign Board. The suggestion was receiverl with favor and a I'oreign Board was elected, consisting of the following per¬ sons : Rev. Diedrich Wii.i.hrs, Rev. Bkrn.vrd C. Wcji.i- r, Rev. S.\.MUEI. Gutei.ius, Rev. S-CMUEi. R. Fisher, FBder jM.VfTHEW Sh.a.w, Fhder John D. Seidenstricker, Pledges and contributions to made. The Church was ripe for organized liy the election of Rev. and adopted a constitution. Rev. Eeias IIeiner, Rev. John Cares, Rev. Joseph F. Berg, Elder John J. Mayer, Fdder Daniei. Buckey, Fdder BurcherT M.A.YER. the amount of $945 were the work. The Board was Diedrich Willers, President, The Beginning of Its Work. d'he first ([uestion which commanded the attention of the newlv-a])j)ointed and organized Board was to seek out labor¬ ers for some foreign field. Failing in this search, with the specific field of labor still undetermined, the Board had its at¬ tention directed to Rev. Benjamin Schneider, then a mission¬ ary in Broosa, Asia Minor, under the American Board, fie was the son of a devout Elder of the Reformed Church in Montgomery Co., Pa., and was thus a son of our own Church. In early life he jiursued his studies in the academy in Xorris- ll'orL' of l^orcij^ii Missions 5 town, I’a., where he eonneeted himself with the I’reslwterian L'hureh. After eonipleting' his elassieal studies at Amherst t'olleg'e. and his theologieal eonrse in tlie Andover Theological Seminary, he was commissioned as a missionary to Broosa, Asia i\iinor, h}' the American Board of Commissioners for horeig'n [Missions, through which Board the Presl)yterian Lhurch was then carrying on its foreign work. He was or¬ dained to tlie Gospel [Ministry Iw the AT\v Castle Preshvtery. The thought occurred to our Board That if Rev. Schneider, with the consent of his Presbytery, would transfer his mem¬ bership to his own mother Church that it would lie wise to adopt him as its beneficiary and extend to him its support. The change in his church relations was accordingly satisfactorily ettected, and he was enrolled as a minister of the then Ger¬ man Reformed Church, and a member of the [Maryland Classis, in which connection he remained until his death in 1877. As early as 1840 the Reformed Church in the United States paid $1,000 into the treasury of the American Board, but the change in Rev. Dr. Schneider's Church relations did not take place un¬ til 184^. from which date until 1865, the Church contriliuted to his support: contributing in all to the Central Turkey [Mis¬ sion nearly $28,000. Withdrawal of Its Support From the American Board. About i860 a feeling of dissatisfaction began to manifest itself with the mode of carrying on our foreign work: we being merely contriliutors to another organization, without any mission properly our own. Accordingly in that year our Synod inaugurated a movement to have the mission at Aintali, to which place Rev. Dr. Schneider had been removed, if possible transferred to it, so that it could call it its own. A lengthy correspondence was carried on between Elder R. F. Kelker, the Treasurer of our Board, and Rev. Rnfus Anderson, D.D., Secretary of the American Board. The outcome of the ne¬ gotiations was, that such a transfer being deemed inexpedient bv both the American Board and Rev. Dr. Schneider, the de- Historical Sketch of the () sire of our Synod failed to Ije realized. Consequently in 1865 the Synod resolved to establish a Mission of its own, and to discontinue its contrihntions to the .Vmerican Hoard, ddie last l)a_\ nient was made ( )ctol)er 9, 1863. Suspension of the Foreign Work. At the time of the discontinuance of its relations to the .\merican Hoard in the work of h'orei.qn Missions, the Church found itself in the midst of a most earnest and heated theolog¬ ical controversy. .Ho animated and active had it become as to largel}- absorb the attention of the whole Church and seriously to militate against its interest and activity in its foreign work. During the continuance of this contention hut little money flowed inti I the h'oreigu Mission treasury. Hut it did not cease entirely. From time to time the Treasurer received re- mittances, while interest accrued on vested interests. That these funds might I'ot lie idle and fail of their intended ])ur- ])ose, in 1872, (ieneral S\'nod, which meanwhile had Ireen or¬ ganized, ordered that they should he ])aid to the (.ierman Fvan- gelical I'oreigu Missionary Societw To this Societw from 1872 to 1875, was paid $979.81, which was ajiplied to the sup- jiort of Rev. ( )scar Lohr and his associate. Rev. Jacob llauser, both ministers of the Reformed Church who were laboring in India, and through whose ministry the .Mission at Hisrampore was founded. In addition to this, from December, 1878, to March, 18S6, the Hoard of h'oreign .Missions jiaid to the .Mission among the W'inneliago Indians in W isconsin, estalilished under Sheboy¬ gan Classis of the Synod of the Northwest, ahc.iut $1,500. Revival of the Spirit of Missions. 'Idle etfect C)f the all-ahsorhing theological controversy and the spirit of dissension abroad in the Church was to jiaralyze its missionary energies, and this in turn doomed the Hoard to inactivity and wrought more or less demoralization. Happily, in 1873, the Hoard aroused itself from its state of apathy, by il'ork of Foreign Missions / what in some sort, lie called a reorg-anization. This tiuickcning \v:is realized at a meeting' held in 1 Jarrishnrg, I’a., at the residence of Elder R. F. Ivelker. ddie presence at this meeting- of Rev. Retijamin Schneider, D.D., niissioriary at Ain- tah, Asia iMinor, ami Rev. J. iM. Ferris, D.D., Corresponding- Secretary of the Board of Foreign IMissions of the Reformed Church in .\t-nerica, had much to do in inspiring the life and energy manifested. This revival of the spirit of Foreign Mis¬ sions seei-ns to have been one of the premonitory indications of a grow-ing disposition tow-ard reconciliation and an adjustment of the questions w hich for so long had disturl:)ed the peace of the Church, for at the meeting of General Svnod in Lancaster, Fa., 1878. the Peace Movement was inaugurated, and the adop¬ tion of the initiative seemed immediately, like the pouring of oil upon the waters. The spirit of contention seemed at once to subside in that body. At this san-ie meeting of General Synod instructions were given to the Board of Foreign Alissions to n-iove foiwvard in its work. And during its session a special meeting of the Board convened, and instructed its President, Rev. David \'an Horne, D.D., to obtain information as to the expedienev and proprietv of establishing a mission either in China or Japan, The Election of the First Missionary. No time was lost in making the necessary inquiry. Japan was determined upon as the field. And it w-as as early as the 30th of the follow-ing September that the first missionary to Japan was appointed. Four applications w-ere presented to the Board for the appointment. The choice fell upon Rev. Ambrose D. Gring. Rev. A. D. Gring was born December 8, 1849. Hds father. Rev. Daniel Gring, was a minister of our Reformed Church. He pursued his collegiate course to graduation in Franklin and ^Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa., and his theological course in Yale Theological Seminary. He sailed for Japan in company with his w ife, Mrs. Hattie L. Gring, iicc McLean, in 8 Historical Sketch of the May, 1879, reached Yokohama, Japan, June i, 1879. this city he spent the first year of his residence in Japan, de¬ voting liimself to the study of the language. In selecting a location for the Mission about to be estab¬ lished, the choice fell upon the capitol city, Tokvo. On the 26th of April, 1880, the Hoard purchased in this city a residence, 28 Tsukiji, for $3,955.50' u'hich, after needed repairs, was taken possession of by the missionary the following June. At the instance of [Missionary Gring, while learning the language, his personal teacher, aided by the personal teacher of Rev. Dr. X'erbeck, of the Reformtnl Church in America, translated the J leidelherg Catechism from the hook language, into which it had been translated some time previously, mainly by a Presbyterian, into the collo(|uium, or spoken language. This translation was published l)y our Hoard. He also had prei)ared an eclectic dictionary, Jajjanese and English, which he sul)sequcntly published as a personal enterprise. It was not until May 11, 1884, that any considerable fruit of evangelistic work a])])eared, when a congregation was organized at Nihon Hashi, in the Mission school building, purchased through the liberality of Elder Henjamin Kuhns, Dayton, Ohio. Steps were taken for the es¬ tablishment of a school in this building. It con¬ sisted of a primary department for children and a higher department for scholars of a mature age. [Mrs. (firing established THE FIRST MISSION SCHOOL BUILDING. /I’()/■/>' of foreign Missions 9 a class; ol yirls, wlinni she inslniclcd in fancy needle work, and in the teachings (.>1 the Llihle. d'he school did not attain any considcrahle success, and was tlishanded on the removal of the Mission to Sendai. A few i)f the girls accompanied the Mission to Sendai, and enterecl the Girls’ School estab¬ lished there. This congregation is still in existence, hnt it never has at¬ tained strength and enlarged growth. Recently, however, its prospects are more encouraging. An elderly and somewhat inefficient native pastor has been succeedetl by one of the grad¬ uates of our Tohoku Gakuin, Mr. lliodaya Shimauuki., a for¬ mer beneheiary of Elder R. h'. Kelker's liible Glass, ilarris- burg, Ra., wbo enters upon the charge of this congregation with Christian zeal and youthfnl ardor. After a sojourn of eight years in Japan, in consequence of the impaired health of Rev. Gring and his wife, a furlough was granted him, and he and his family returned to America, landing at San Francisco, Cab, in May, 1887. After his re¬ turn he continued in the service of the Roard, visiting the churches in the interest of our foreign work, until April 25, 1889, when he presented his resignation as a missionary, to take effect May 1, 1889. His resignation was accepted by tbe Board, and bis relation to it accordingly came to an end. The Second Missionary—Rev. J. P. Moore, D. D. After the selection of Tokyo as the location of the Mission, in 1880, the Board felt that it could not safely risk its success upon the contingency of the health and life of one man, and that to guard against interruption and make the work effective and continuous it would be prudent to reinforce the Mission at an early day liy sending out another missionary. Accord¬ ingly the Board sought the counsel of General Synod at its meeting in the city of Tiffin, Ohio, in 18S1, and by it was au¬ thorized to appoint another missionary as .soon as might be expedient. Acting under this instruction, on March 13, 1883, the 10 Historical Sketch of the liortrd appuiiited and coininissioned Rev. Jairus L’. Moore. He was born November 27, 1847, Bucks county, Pa. He grad¬ uated in Franklin and Marsliall College, Lancaster, Pa., and in the Theological Seminary at Tiffin, Ohio. He had an ex¬ perience of si.x years in teaching and live years of active work in the ministr\'. llis wife was Miss Anna M. Arnold, Lan¬ caster, Pa. Rev. Moore and wife sailed for Japan in September, 1883, and arrived (Jetober 1, 18S3. He at once proceeded to Tokyo, and commenced acquiring the language. LTnwilling to post¬ pone his efforts to win sonls to Christ until he should gain the mastery of the language, he hastened to avail himself of the ministry of his native teacher and interpreter, and estab¬ lished a Ihble class in his own house, and succeeded in se curing the attendance of a mnnber of male scliolars. Similarly, Mrs. Moore established a Bible class for girls and women. One of the scholars in this latter was a married lady, of the upper class of societv, by the name of Mrs. Nakashima. The lady manifested a deej) in¬ terest in the instruc¬ tions imparted bv .Mrs. Moore. One day she iiuiuircd of her teacher whether she would object to having her hmsband accompany her to the class? Mrs. IMoore assured her that it would afford her great pleasure to \ ^ «vl I KKV. J. P. MOORE, D.D. JFork of Foreign I\Iissions II have ^ir. ^akashiuui aceontpaiiy her, and that it would be an equal pleaMire to Mr. Moore to make his aequaintance. Thus were the two men brought together and ail intimate aequaiut- auee was gradually formed. Rev. Moore early discovered that his new acquaintance was a man of educa¬ tion ; that he stood high as a statesman and political leader. Ills rvlfe had occu¬ pied a place of honor in the palace of the Rmperor. Mr. Nakashima had made some progress in ac¬ quiring the English language, and was reading English au¬ thors on iiolitical science and jurisprudence, but the want of a more thorough mastery of the language was the occasion of considerable difficulty in his grasping the full meaning of the author. At his recpiest Rev. Moore freely consented to render him the assistance he needed. This led to frequent and free meetings, when Mr. Nakashima, with the difficult passages in the book, marked with small pieces of red paiier, would seek the desired explanation. In the course of their conversations Rev. jNIoore learned that his friend had read some in the Bible and was somewhat interested in its teachings. lie accordingly mentioned that he met a class for Bilile study, on a certain day in the week, in his study, and said, that if it was in accord with his pleasure, he would be glad to have him attend. The invi¬ tation was accepted, and Mr. Nakashima became a deeply-in- MRS. J. P. MOORE. 12 Historical Sketch of the terested and earnest enquirer after the truth. Mrs. Naka- shima continued her studies under the instruction of Mrs. Moore, and her husband under Rev. Moore, until, by the qrace of the Holy Spirit, their eyes were opened, and they, in humble faith, accepted Jesus Christ as their Savior. Jt was Rev. Moore’s delightful privilege to bap¬ tize husband and wife in the name of the Holy Trinity, and thus induct tliem into the kingdom of our Lord, Jesus Christ. Subsequently Mr. Nakashima was one of the three persons nominated l)y the lower House of the hrst Imperial Diet, one of w horn, according to their constitution, was to be appointed by the Lmperor to the office of Speaker. d'he Lmperor’s choice fell u[)on Mr. Nakashima. He was appointed Minister I’lenipotentiary from Japan to the Court of Italy, and later re¬ turned to Japan, where he now resides. Rev. Moore's later work in d'okyo resulted in the establish¬ ment of the llancho ebureb in that city, which for one year worshipisl in the dining room of his residence. It is today a self-supporting congregati(.)n, and the strongest in member¬ ship of the churches connected with onr Mission. It is statedly ministered to l)y a native pastor, in a fine chapel erected by the congregati( )n. While Ivev. Moore was most diligently and successfully ministering to his llancho congregation in Tokyo, a movement was going forward in the city of Sendai, some two hundred and twenty miles to the north (an account of which will ap¬ pear further onj, which was destined not only to materially mcjdify the plan of operations ])nrsned up to this time, but ul¬ timately to determine the policy according to which our work in Japan has since been carried on. 'Fins movement resulted, as will be seen, in the removal of our Mission to that northern city, .\mong the early effects of this new movement ai)peared the necessity of Rev. Moore’s removal from Tokyo to Sendai. This at first was extremely distasteful to him, and his aversion to the change was intensified by the extreme unwillingness of his congregation, the fruit of his early love and labor, to con¬ sent to his leaving. But constrained by the force of circum- Work of Foreign Missions 13 stances and the urgency of tlie Board, he aeqnieseed with pain- fnl rolnetanec and made the removal. He was scarcely settled in Sendai when an opening pre¬ sented itself which seemed to promise large resnlts in the way of extending the blessed work to which he had consecrated his strength and life. The authorities of the city of Yamagata, a place some forty miles west of Sendai, desired to secure a competent teacher, d'hey did not object to the teacher being a t'hristian, but it was not Christianity they sought; it was sim¬ ply secular education for their children. They were willing to pay 125 yen per month and a residence for the teacher. He was expected to devote a certain number of hours per day to the school, and his remaining time was to be at his own dis¬ posal. Rev. iMoore was invited to accept this position, and with the advice and consent of the Board he did so. He ac¬ cordingly removed to Yamagata, and for two years he filled the office of teacher in that native school. His leisure hours were not unemployed, but devoted to preaching the Gospel. His labors were not without precious fruit, souls were won to Christ, and a small congregation estal)lished, which continues to the present day. At the end of two years the i)atrons of the school intimated an unwillingness to continue the contracted arrangement. This was in large part caused, as the Board afterwards learned, l)y its failure to conform to certain unauthorized verl)al promises made l)y its agent at the time of making the original contract, and of which unauthorized promises the Ploard was not in¬ formed until after the discontinuance of Rev. Moore’s services, when it learned of them from another person. Rev. Moore was not a party to this misunderstanding. Leaving Yamagata, Rev. Moore returned to Sendai. Here, in consequence of the laws of Japan, Sendai not being an open port, he could remain only in the capacity of a teacher. The Training School having meanwhile been estalilished, he took charge of some of the classes. His special service, however, has been and still continues to be, evangelistic work, of whicli department he was until recently the Principal. 14 Historical Sketch of the After Rev. Moore returned from Yamagata to Sendai an incident occurred which is deeply interesting. There is in Sendai, besides other government schools, one designated the Higher Middle School. It is of the grade of our xAmerican college. In it were some 500 to 600 students. The school, teachers and all concerned were bitterly hostile to Christian¬ ity. They would have none of it. What must have been, therefore. Rev. Moore’s surprise when one day he was ap¬ proached l)y one in authority with the proi)osition that he should take the position of teacher of English in that school, teaching a certain number of hours a day. *Vfter consulting with his associates, of his own and kindred missions, he ac¬ cepted the proposition, lie, of course, could not teach Chris¬ tianity. Rut he was a living epistle. There was a religious atmosphere about his ])erson. And when the students, who were won by his cordiality and kindness, drew near to him, they breathed that atmosphere. Some of these accepted his invitation to attend his P)ible class, held in his own house in the evening. They attended, they heard, and the Holy Spirit o])ened their eyes and their hearts to the truth. A vigorous Young Men’s Christian .\ssociation sprung u]) in that heathen school, and continued after he left. His furlough to this country called him away from this Higher Middle School and when he gave notice of his retirement, the authorities told him, “WT want another man from your Mission,” so favorably had he imjiressed them. Rut sad to say, we had no one to spare. In the fall of iSgi the Hoard, finding itself unable to awaken the Church to a lively and responsive sense of the growing ne¬ cessities of our rapidly-progressing work in Japan, and at the suggestion of the ^Mission, concluded to anticipate by one year the usual term, and called Rev. Moore home on furlough, hop¬ ing that his presence and visits among our churches would have the desired effect of arousing larger and more liljeral at¬ tention to our heaven-blessed work. He, with his estimable wife, reached this country in September of that year, and with v hat sel f-sacrifice they labored, and what large results accrued, are n’(1/7.’ of F'orcigii Afissious IS still fresh in the nicniorv of our Reformed people. It was their expectation and desire to return to their field of labor at the end e/f one year, but at the expressed wish of the Board their return was delayed until June. 1803. During' their stay in this country an event transpired which, for a season, interfered with Rev. Moore’s resumption of his evangelistic work on his return to Japan. The IMisses Poor- haugh, under whose efficient care and labor the Girls’ School at Sendai had made such admirable progress, notified the Roard that they wished to retire permanently from the work in the earlv future. This determination on their part very much disconcerted the Board. It asked them to reconsider their determination, but without success. It knew not where to find a successor, and its efforts to secure one resulted, for the time, in failure. It was felt that it could not allow the whole weight of the school to rest upon the remaining Ameri¬ can teacher. Miss Mary C. Ilollowell. So in the emergency, greatly to its own regret and that too, erjually of Rev. and Mrs. Moore, it felt compelled to appoint him temporarily. Principal, and Mrs. Moore, Vice-Principal of the School. Upon their return they entered upon the discharge of their new duties, and so efficiently were they discharged that the sudden change in administration wrought no evil effects upon the .School. They continued iu this relation for one year, when the arrival of iMiss Lena Zurfluh released them, and Doctor IMoore ffor dur¬ ing his sojourn in this country, Heidelhurg University, at Tif¬ fin, Ohio, honored him with the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity) resumed his successful work as Principal of the Evangelistic Department. In addition to his duties as Principal of the Evangelistic De¬ partment, in consequence of treaty stipulations, by which Sen¬ dai was not open to the settlement of foreigners except as teachers, etc., he taught a few classes in the Tohoku Gakuin, to entitle him to a residence in that city. Engaged in this two¬ fold work, he continued until the Board, at its meeting in March, 1896, directed him to remove to Tokyo, and take th i6 Historical Sketch of the oversight of its mission work in that city ami vicinity. Thus was Tokyo constituted a second princi])al station. Dr. Moore removed to Tokyo the following Septemher, and l)ecame the Superintendent of Evangelistic Work for the southern section of the general field, while Jvev. H. K. Miller was appointed to that position for the northern section. Under his efficient su¬ perintendence, the languishing church at Tokyo, formerly known as the Nihon Ikishi, now called the Kanda Church, was revived, a new hnilding erected, and, largely increasing in memhership, has hecome a vigorous and growing congregation. ( )ne or two congregations in the vicinity give evidence of growing vitality. Rev. Masayoshi Oshikavva, 1). I). In view of the pnaninent i)art Rev. Dr. ( Ishikawa now has in our work in japan, and the determining influence he ex¬ erted upon it in its earlier days, a sketch of its history would not he com|)Ietc without a brief narrative of his share in it. 11 is ancestral name was 1 fashimoto. lie is of the saintirai class (military retainers under the old feudal system). His father was a man of rank and was a rigid Confneianist. Ilis mother was a Rmhlhisl. lie was born December i6, 1850, and was the fifth of seven children. At the age of eleven, agreeably to the custom of the country, he was adopted into the Oshi- kawa family, and tints became the prospective hnsltand of the daughter of the house, there being no male heir, taking its name instead of his own patronimic. The marriage took place when he was eighteen years old. About a year after, he with several other selected young men were sent Ity their feudal Iftrd to the Imperial English College at Tokyo, to fit them for promineiit service in the government. Not finding satisfactory facilities in that institution for acquiring a thorough and prac¬ tical knowledge of the English language, he was removed to Yokohama. Although bitterly hostile to Christianity, he placed himself under the tuition of Tvev. James Ballagh, D.D., a mis¬ sionary of the Reformed Cliurch in America, to learn English, "'he English Bible was one of his text-books. He read and ]]'ork of Foreign Missions 17 studitHl it to acquire the language, tlespisiug its sacred teach¬ ings. But what with a precocious luiud, to discern the facts of Cliristian civilization, the intense devotion of the teachers pravers which he lieard, and the study of the Holy Word, the Spirit of God opened his eyes to the truth and he became a Christian. His baptism was followed by the most heathenish persecution by his adopted father, who but for the intercession of his daughter, Mrs. Oshikawa, he in all probability would have murdered him, which under the then existing laws he had the right to do. Separated from his wife, he studied theology under Rev. S. R. Brown, of the Reformed Church in America, at Yokohama. 1 le was active as an Elder in the First Church in Yokohama, and was asked to become its regular pastor, but he declined. Subsequently he became the assistant of the Christian pastor at Niigata, 263 miles rvcst of Tokyo, where he suffered intense persecution. During the third year (.)f his stay in Niigata his wife, with the tardy permission of her father, rejoined him. During the last year he made a tour of observation, visiting, besides other places, the city of Sendai, a place of some sixty thousand inhal)itants. So deeply was he impressed with his favoral)le reception and the promising outlook that he felt it his duty to locate there. This he did several mouths subse¬ quently. After several years of labor and suffering, having gathered some 200 souls into the Kingdom of Christ, he felt the need of help and cooperation. To secure these he visited Tokyo in 1885, and came in contact with our Mission, consist¬ ing then of Revs. Gring and Moore, also Rev. W. E. Hoy, who had just arrived from America. Rev. Oshikawa, having failed in his endeavors to secure aid from other Missions to establish a boys’ school in Sendai, at once besought Rev. Hoy with glowing representations and most importunate urgency to visit Sendai. Rev. Hoy yielded to this importunity, visited Sendai and vicinity, and the result was the ultimate removal of our Mission to that city, and the in¬ auguration of the educational policy of our work, which has i8 Historical Sketch of the been vigorously pursued ever since, and which has produced such large and blessed results. After the establishment of our Training School, afterwards named the d'ohoku Gaknin, Rev. ( )shikawa was elected Presi¬ dent, in deference to the jealous demands of the Japanese, in which ])o.sition he continnes to render most efficient service. In addition to this service, finding that many young men w ho w'ere desirous of availing themselves of the educational facilities of- fi'i'ecl 1)\' our institutions, were unable to .su])port themselves, be at his own financial risk established an Industrial Mome, into which ])oor students are received, who, devoting a certain portion of their time to industrial pursuits, earn a part of their support, their wages going into the treasury of the Nome. This Nome recei\es aid from charitabh-minded Japanese, and re¬ cently the Hoard a|)|>ropriated .fioo, to cancel the balance of .'in annoying debt. Ilv this means (|uite a nnmber of poor stu¬ dents are enabled to acipiire an education in onr t b r i s t i a n School, a nnmber of whom are candidates for the ministry. Rev. Al. (bshikawa, I).!)., is one of the foremost and ablest m i n i s t e r s in the Lbiited Church of Christ in Japan. He is a man of nnusual oratorical powers and widespread inflnence. IIis intimate associa¬ tion with our work and institutions is of great importance and benefit. .\t present REV. W. E. HOY. 11'nr/: of foreign Missions 19 ho is at tho head of a niovonioiit for the ailoption of a system of ediieation in Ko¬ rea. 'L'liis douhiless will ])rove but the stepiiing' stone to the wider diffvision of l'hristianit^■. At their meeting in June. i8p5. the Board of Trustees of Franklin and INIarshall Col¬ lege. Laneaster, Pa., conferred the honor¬ ary degree of T^octor of Divinit}' on Rev. AI. (tshikawa. Third Missionary-Rev. W. E. Hoy. As long as the Afission made Tokyo its seat and centre the two missionaries comprising the Alission, Revs. Gring and AJoore, confined their labors to evangelistic work. The jjolicy of sup|)lementing this with educational work, in the way of establishing Christian schools, evas considered and discussed. Some preliminary steps were taken while yet in Tokyo, but it was not until after the removal to Sendai that the educational policy, now so characteristic of our whole work, was gradually adopted. This was l)rought al)Out largely by the untiring la¬ bors and self-sacrificing persistency of Rev. W. E. Floy. Idev. \V. E. Hoy was a])pointed tbe thiry some thirty young men. Some for the study of the Bihle; others to learn the Kngiish language, d'he thought of estahlishing a regular Christian school, so urgently pressed hv Rev. ( Ishikawa, took deeper and deeper hold u])on his mind, lie and Rev. (Rhi- kawa, in most devont prayer, sought guidance fnrm oil* high. 1 le hesonght the Hoard to formall)' estahlish snch a school, hut it w as not yet pre])ared to inaugurate such a movement. ( )]>- pressed with j)er|)lexity, they continued to pray. When, how¬ ever, one day Rev. ( )shikawa came t(.) him with the tw'elve pieces of silver contrihnted hy the poor wndenv (it wais all she had. she had saved it to defray her own funeral expenses), to estahlish a Christian school, they regarded it as a token of divine favor, and in reliance u])on Hrovidence they recsolvcd to go for¬ ward. Rev. Hoy soon gathered about him six young men who desired to be in¬ structed and trained to preach the Gospel, h'or one year he sup¬ ported these poor young men himself, at such cost of self- sacrifice as at times to trench upon the nec¬ essaries of life and REV. D. B. scHNEDER. Ordinary comfort. He }]\)rk of Jordan Missions iiK't tlu-ni in a pnor Japaiu'se lunisi.', in thn most solilar\ iiart ol tlio citw withonl a stove '11 the winter, warniiiii;' their hands over a little charcoal hre. *\.nd yet he pro¬ nounces it to he the happiest year of his school life. This was the inception of what was at first called the Training School, and later The Tohokii Gaktiin. At the end of the first year the Board came to his relief hy assuming the support t)f the School. In the fall of iSS/, for several months, the School met in a small Japanese hut, on the s])Ot wdiere his resi¬ dence now stands. From there it removeil to the old Buddhist temple, which is still occupied hy the Sendai congregation. In August, 1888, Rev. Hoy purchased the main part of the ground now occnjiied hy the Tohokn Gaknin, and erected thereon the Rev. John Ault ^Memorial 1 lall, all at his own per¬ sonal cost. Early in Decemher, r8S8, the School removed into the [Memorial llall, where it remained until Se])teml)cr 18, rS9i, when it moved into the present Tohokn Gaknin hnilding. At first the School com])rising a Preparatorv ami Collegiate course, was called The Training School, ddie first class com¬ pleted its course, in 1890. The following year the Theologi¬ cal Department was estahlished, and the three Departments were comprehendeil under the name of the Tohokn Gaknin. (Northeastern Educational Institution.) MRS. D. B. SCHNEDEJl. 24 Historical Sketch of the Fourth Missionary Rev. I), fi. Schneder. In 1887 in consequence of the removal of Rev. Moore to Yainagata, as already mentioned, and a furlough being granted to Rev. Gring to return to America (who during his furlough resigned his commission as missionary under our Board and retired permanently ), together with the large growth of the Training School requiring an increase of the teaching force, the Board felt itself under the necessity of sending out an ad¬ ditional missionary. .Vccordingly Rev. D. B. Schneder was appointed July 7, 1887, and reached Japan with his wife, who was Miss Anna M. Shoenherger, of Reading, Pa., on Decem¬ ber 21, 1887. Rev. I). B. Schneder was burn at Bowmansville, Lancaster, county, I'a., March 23, 1857. lie graduated in Franklin and .Marshall College and the Theological Seminary, Lancaster, Pa. He had several years’ pastoral expe¬ rience before going to Japan, lie most ef- liciently occui)ies the chair of Dogmatic rheology in the To- hoku Gaknin. At the |)resent time he is en¬ joying fairly good health, having several months since recov¬ ered from a violent attack of typhoid fe¬ ver, which at the time was gravely feared wmuld prove fatal. But a gracious Providence has mer¬ cifully raised him up KRV. HEN'KY K. MILLER. Il'ork of Foreign Missions 25 again to prolonged nsof Illness. Besides his severe labors as professor in the To¬ ll okn Gakiiin, he shares his full part with his associates in evangelistic and Sun¬ day-school work. He is a man of profound thought and untiring industry. The Board has already granted him the usual fur¬ lough, and he will re¬ turn to America after Rev. Hoy's return to Japan in 1896. Rev. Hoy returned to Japan in the early summer of 1896. Rev. Schneder left Japan on his furlough, reaching America, with his family, the middle of the follow¬ ing September. After a brief rest, he visited Germany to pur¬ sue some university studies, for his fuller equipment for his duties as Professor of Dogunatics in the Tohoku Gakuin. He returned to America early in the spring of 1897. From this time, with but slight interruption until his return to the field, he most industriously visited throughout the Church, pleading the cause to which he has consecrated his life. Returning to Japan, with his family, he landed at Yokohama, May 3. 1898. For several years previous to her return to this country, Mrs. Schneder had been at the head of a Native Woman’s Society, whose object was to gather funds for the erection of a new church building to take the place of the old, delapidatcd Buddhist temple in which the congregation worshiped. The large advance in prices in Japan threatened the discouraging .MRS. HENRY K. MILLER. 26 Historical Sketch of the postponement of the realization of their purpose, unless aid could he secured iu the home Church. W'ith the approhation of the Hoard, she, while in this country on fnrlougii, traveled widely in the Church, soliciting sj)ecial contributions in aid of this urgent want. Such was the response she met that she was enabled joyously to return to Japan with sufficient means to insure the success of her cherished enterprise. P'ifth Missionary Rev. Henr^* K. Miller. In conse(|uence of the large and ra])id increase in the num- her (if stud(.-nts after the occipiancx of the new d'ohokn (iaknin I’.uilding in Seiitemlier, the necessity for the further in¬ crease of the teaching force hecame apparent. The Hoard felt itself unable, for want of ad(.'(|uate means, to commissiem new missionaries, until the urgenc\- hecame so imperative that, "walking by faith," it ventured, without the means of support in sight, to appoint oneyidditional person. 'I'hat ])erson was Mr. llenry K. Miller, Reading, Ha. lie was horn in Lebanon, Ha., Xovemher (). i866. lie is a graduate of h'ranklin and IMar- shall College, Lancas¬ ter, 1 ‘a., ami of Union d'heological Semi¬ nary, Xew York City. 1 le was appointed July 13, 1892. The farewell services were held in St. Paul’s Reformed Church, R e a d i n g, Pa., on KEY. SYLV.v.Nus s. s.vYDER. wlticli occasioH lie ll'orlc of I'oicigii Missions 27 was; ordained to the i^’ospel ministry by a eoinnhttee appointed for tliat purpose by the Sebnylkill Classis, of wbieb be is a mem¬ ber. He sailed from San Franciseo, Cab, Septemlier 27. 1892. and arrived at \ oko- bama, Japan, Octo¬ ber 15, 1892. After bis arrival in Sendai be at once entered up¬ on the work of teach¬ ing in the Tohokii Gaknin, imparting in- strnction to surji stu¬ dents as bad acquired the English language, while at the same time be entered diligently ui)on the task of learning the Japanese language. He engaged zealously in Sunday-school work, and, aided by bis personal teacher of the language as interpreter, be entered upon evangelistic work. He established a Snnday-scbool and preaching point at IMiyamacbi, a suburb of the city of Sendai, but soon discov¬ ered that, to make bis labors at this j)oint a success, a chapel was a necessity. For the erection of sneb a building the i\Iis- sion voted him a grant of 300 yen ('al)ont $150). which grant was approved lyv the Board. Recently, to the glad snrprise of Rev. IMiller, the Snnday-scbool of St. Panl’s Reformed Cbnrcb, Reading, Ba., of which be bad been a member, made a donation of $800 for the erection of this chapel, which has since been accomplished. Rev. Miller was one of the regular professors in the To- boku Gakuin, in which capacity be served until June, 1896, MRS. SYLVANUS S. SNYDER. 28 Historical Sketch of the when at his own request he >vas relieved, to enter upon the Evangelistic A\'ork. Snhsequently, upon the removal of Rev. Dr. Moore to Tokyo, and his resignation of the General Su¬ perintendency of Evangelistic W ork, Rev. Miller was ap¬ pointed Superintendent of that work, for the northern section of the field, while Rev. Dr. Moore remained Superintendent of the Southern section. Rev. If. K. Miller was married, April ii, 1898, to Miss Sa¬ rah Spaulding Sprague, of Kioto, of the American Protestant Episcopal Mission. .\t the time of the appointment of Rev. 11 . K. Miller as missionary the Board was without the means either for his outfit or for his support after reaching his field of labor. The first want was providentially provided fin' by the payment of $1,000 by Mrs. Eouisa W irt, Hanover, Pa., in lieu of a be¬ quest of that amount, made by her deceased husliand. Elder Henry Wirt, which bequest had failed because of a legal de¬ fect in tbe will. The second want was met by tbe Sunday- schools of the Church taking shares or Ijlocks of $5 per an¬ num, sufficient for his siqiport. He is accordingly designated tbe Siindax-school Missionary. .Miout 237 of our Sunday- .M-latols share in this praiseworthy .scheme. The Christian Kndeavor Missionary Rev. Sylvanus S. Snyder. 'Hie continued prosperity of our work ceased not to press for further reintWreement of (jur band of workers in the field. Meanwhile the Christian Endeavor Societies of our Church, one of whose primary aims is the advancement of the cause of Missions, both at home and abroad, projtosed to tbe Board that they would support an additional missionary to Japan, on con¬ dition that he l)e designated The Christian Endeavor Mission¬ ary. The Board gladly accepted the proposition and hastened to issue its call for applicants for the appointment. In response sixteen young men made answer. Of this number the choice fell upon Mr. .Sylvanus .S. Snyder as the C. E. Missionary, and i\fr. Christopher Noss as an additional Missionary. IP’ork of Foreign Missions 29 Siiytlcr proceeded immediately to prepare to enter upon the held of his labor in Japan. He was born in Columbiana, t'bio, Cletober 23, 1867. He is a graduate of Wooster Uni¬ versity, Wooster, Ohio, and of the Heidelberg Theological Seminary, Tiffin, (Jbio. The farewell services were held in Trinity Reformed Church, Canton, Ohio, September 5, 1894, at which time he was ordained to the gospel ministry by a Committee of the East Ohio Classis, of which he is a member, appointed for that purpose. Before his departure for Japan he was united in marriage to Miss M. A. Souder, of near Lan- dtsburg. Perry county. Pa. They sailed for Japan from Van¬ couver, B. C., September 17, 1894, and arrived at Yokohama, Japan, October 2, 1894. In consequence of Rev. W. E. Hoy's departure to America, on furlough, soon after his arrival at Sendai, he was at once employed in the Tohoku Gakuin to teach some classes that were competent to receive instruction in the English language, in which service, together with his study of the Japanese language, he is still engaged. The Industrial Home becoming embarrassed in its finances, with the consent of Rev. Oshikawa, its founder, the Mission assumed its control and management. It was reorganized with Rev. Oshikaw-'a as President and Rev. S. S. Snyder, Treasurer and General Manager. Under the skillful and pru¬ dent administration of Rev. Snyder, the financial embarrass¬ ments have been overcome; and by the very helpful liberality of Messrs. Harry M., Oliver K. and John W. Souder, broth¬ ers of Mrs. S. S. Snyder, six adjacent lots in the city of Sen¬ dai, were purchased for the Industrial Home; and l)y the sale of Japanese curios in this country under the management of Rev. Snyder, funds were secured for the erection of a suitable building on said lots, thus securing a permanent home for the Institution. It is now in successful operation with between 70 and 80 inmates. Seventh Missionary—Rev. Christopher Noss. Although seven male missionaries have been appointed by 30 Historical Sketch of the the Ijoanl, yet in consequence of tlie retirement of Rev. A. D. (iring, witli the arrival of Air. Noss on the field, the force will comprise hut six, besides the two ladies in the Girls’ School. Mr. Ghristopher Noss, missionary-elect, is a graduate of hranklin and Marshall College, and in 1894 of the Theologi¬ cal Seminary at Lancaster, La. lie is the son of Rev. J. G. N(js.s, pastor of the Reformed Church at New Holland, Lan¬ caster comity, i’a. After his appointment, with the sanction of the Hoard, he went to llerlin, (iermany, for a year's [lost- gradnate course in the University in that city. Completing his |)ost-graduate course, he returned to the Lhiited .States and was regnlarh commissioned a missionary to ja|)an, hy the lf\ecnti\e t ommittee at its regular (juarterly meeting, con- wiH’d in 1 larrishnrg. I’a., .Septemher 10, 18(45, with instruc¬ tions to rejiair to his field of lahor in .Seiuhii, Japan, not later than 1 feeemher 1, i8(y5. < )n the 22(\ of ( tetoher Mr. Noss was REV. CHRISTOPHER NOSS. m a r r i e d to Miss Laura Iloyer, of ;\(|nashicola, Carhon conntw I’a. 'I'he fare¬ well services were ob¬ served in the Reform¬ ed Church, Lrederick, Md., on the evening of ( tetoher 23d, on wdiich occasion he was ordained to the gosjiel ministry h)' a cotnmittee appointed for that pnqiose hy the Classis of Mary¬ land. These services were held during the annual meeting of the .Synod r this has been the g'reat incentive in the estahlislnnent of Christian schools. In common witli others, onr experience is that these schools, hoth male and fe¬ male, which are open to non-christians as well as Christians, liave proved a most powerful agency in winning souls to Christ. A large percentage of the non-christians are either converted during their school days or go forth so impressed hy the truth of Christianity as to lead them subsequently to its acceptance, d'he report of the Tohoku Gakuin for 1894 shows 160 students then present. Of these T05 were Christians, jp seekers and 16 unbelievers. If these last, 11 were in the Pre- paratorv Department, indicating their recent entrance into the school. Everv vear a larger or smaller numl)er of the students are Iniptized. This is equally true of the Girls’ School. The male missionaries are no less preachers than teachers in the school. They go to out-stations more or less remote from Sendai, or to stations and congregations in the city. They do evangelistic work. But to Dr. Moore and Rev. IMiller as Prin¬ cipals of the Evangelistic Department, is committed the general oversight of this l.)ranch of the service. They frequently, in company with one or more native helpers, make tours of the field embraced in our work, preaching, administering the sac¬ raments, examining canditlates for baptism and generally coun¬ selling and advising the resident workers. The students of the Theological Department are taken out l)y their professors and trained in preaching and pastoral work. Up to the summer of 1898, 31 students have graduated from the Theological Department, and 13 have taken partial courses. This yearly increase of well-educated evangelists is rapidly ex¬ tending our field of labor. The statistical report of 1893-94 shows 12 organized churches, of which five arc self-supporting; 41 preaching sta¬ tions; during the year, 233 l)aptisms. Present membership. 46 Historical Sketch of the 1817; Sunday-schools, 27, with 1063 scholars ; students in the Theological Department, 26 : native ministers, 9; unordained preachers, 18; Hil)le W omen, 5. All this, and vet we have but fairly made a l)egiuning.. ( )ur first class of trained evangelists graduated as late as the summer of 1893. From this on we ex- I)ect a yearly increase in our working force. From this it would a])pear that our educational policy has got into successful working order; that we are gradually emerging from a period of restraint, and dare wenowdoubtbut that in the future the same gracious (dod who has blessed and prospered us in the past will l)y Dis IIolv Spirit incite the heart of cjur home Church to greater works of love. I he \V ives of the Missionaries. This exceedingly brief and cursory sketch of our evange¬ listic work would l)e injuriously incomplete were nut note taken of the very important and valuable services rendered by the wives of our missionaries. It is a matter of inestimable advantage that we have Christian women connected with our -Mission. In a nation like Japan, where woman is defrauded of her rights as a moral and rational being, created in the image ot (lod, the simple presence of a Christian woman as an illus¬ tration of a womanhood which Christianity alone can produce, is of itself invaluable. She becomes an (jbject les.son and im- [larts instruction which far transcends in impressiveness the most learned precept. r.ut it is as the light and life of the Christian home that her transcendent worth appears. As the embodiment of domestic life as formed bv Christianity, the Christian home is exerting a tremendous power for good. It is a lesson to which the Japa¬ nese cannot close their eyes. Ami in the case of our unmarried lady missionaries, they w ith wonder notice the intelligence, the self-reliant energy and the executive skill with which they grap¬ ple with the problems of life. Everything in this regard is in the shari)est contrast with their own life and experience. The wives of the missionaries have rendered valualjle service Il'or/c of l\irci;^ii Missions 47 in Sntulav-school work, visiting' the sick, ministering' to the snf- tering' aiul aftlicteJ in hosiiitals, meeting' classes of women for instruction in the arts of domestic life ami the principles and truths of onr hol\ religion, rescuing' poor and homeless chil¬ dren and need\'. sntfering' aged persons, and with great dili¬ gence and efticiencv directing the native w'omen in the various branches of chnrch work. They, together with the ladies in the tlirls' School, have rented, at their ow'n cost, a house, under the management of a competent native Christian matron, into which thev have received a nnmher of infirm poor and several abandoned children where they are supported and taken care of. In these several wavs, liesides the direction of their Itilile w'omen in their pious w'ork, the women of onr IMission are ren¬ dering a most valuable and fruitful service. The Outlook. Instead of the recent war with China proving a hindrance to onr work, as w'as at first feared, it has in a most surprising w'ay ministered to its advancement. It served as an occasion to call forth the temper and spirit of Christianity, as also to ex¬ hibit by its w'ork and institutions of charity and loving human¬ ity, its divine character, in such a w ay that it wms to the Jap¬ anese people in some sort a revelation, and has w^on for it a tol¬ eration and respect that Irefore were denied it. In commending itself to the higher as])irations and religions instincts of the people, it is achieving a conquest of the heart in advance of that of the head, and is receiving a homage from the lietter feelings which the critical reason is not yet prepared to accord. There still, however, is room for larger results in overcoming that hostile anti-foreign feeling engendered liy the question of treaty revision and the determined assaults of the Buddhists prior to the war. A hitter feeling against Christianitv had sprung up. and it w'ill take time to overcome it. even in the presence of the favorable influences exerted bv the war. The hostility of the educational department is still verv Iiitter and has the efifect to diminish confidence in the ^Mission schools. 48 Historical Sketch of the This, together with the general demoralization caused by the war, has caused a falling off of students in the Christian schools. (Jur Tohoku Gaknin has felt the effects. Our num- l)er of students during the school year just closed was ma¬ terially less than for the two years preceding. A person edu¬ cated in a Christian school, as a matter of prejudice, is at a disadvamage iu business relations, and a disposition prevails to turn to the native schools. The educational department is now one of the bitterest enemies Christianity has to contend with. But the same mighty power which overcame the enmity of the military department will in its own good time achieve a victory over the educational. W'e need but w'ait to see the de¬ liverance of God.'^' But withal this the war has opened a wider door for effective mission work than existed immediately before. IMeanwhile our educational ])olicy has only reached such a state of productive efficiency as to enable us to avail ourselves, in small measure of this God-sent oi)p(jrtunity. Calls for Christian ministrations are coming to our Mission beyond its ability to supply. .\nd the dilemma now is. not where to find waiting IMacedonias, but where to find the messengers to send, d hese messengers from year to year are going forth from our schools. .\nd wdien in a few years the fifty or more young men who are now studying for the nnnistry shall have gone forth into the field, they will but jjrepare the way f(jr as many more, who, no doubt will come after them. \’erily has ( lod given us as a Church a gloriously productive field for our spiritual husl)andry. But this is not all. Many of the students in our Tohoku (iakuin are not candidates for the ministry. ( )f these a goodly * (^uite recently the joyl'ul intelligence reaches ns, that a inarketer of Education. He has issued an order that hereafter the same privileges and immunities shall be extended to the students in Christian Schools that heretofore were confined to the students of the Government Schools. In the past the students in Christian Schools were subject to grave disabili¬ ties. which had the effect to seriously deminish their number. U'orlc of Foreign Missions 49 pcrcentai^e arc not L'hristians when they enter. Bnt experience has demonstrated that I)nt few who study there for any con- sideralde length of time leave without becoming Christians. Our scliools have proved themselves to be most effective evangelistic agencies. Tims are we training an educated and influential Christian laity. And these, like the early Christians who were dispersed from Jerusalem on the eve of its destruction, are scattered abroad throughout the Empire, as seed-sowers and living epistles among the people. Scores of Japanese Chris¬ tians trace their interest in the religion of Jesus Christ to the word spoken and the light diffused by some kindred or friend or neighbor. And last bnt far from being the least is the work done, and the outlook for our Girls’ School. This is our main reliance for the establishment of the Christian Home in Japan. Without this Japan cannot be Christianized. With degraded, dowm- trodden, misguided mothers, what must the children be ? Xearly all the girls who take a course in our school leave it as Christians. They become the light and life of Christian homes. And even those, or at least some of them, who by the constraint of their parents are married into unbelieving families, become as leaven, and by their lives silently preach the Word of ever¬ lasting truth. (Jur school is full. W'e have between 50 and 60 scholars, which number cannot be much exceeded until larger room is provided. Wdth this at hand, a larger number, no doubt, could be gathered in. C)h, it is a blessed thought for those who are working and contributing to Foreign Missions that one day, over there in the hleavenly World, we will meet redeemed Japanese souls, for whose rescue we, while on earth, did what we could. Incorporation of the Board. The Board was incorporated by the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin county. Pa., April 25, 1881, with the corporate title of “The Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the United States.” 50 Historical Sketch of the The names of the commissioners then incorporated were as follows: Rev. David \’an Horne, D.D.. Rev. C. H. Leinbach, D.D., Rev. T. S. Johnston, D.D., Rev. C. Z. W'eiser, D.D., Rev. B. Bansman, D.l)., Rev. J. H. A. BomI)erger, D.D., Rev. X. Gehr, D.l)., Rev. J. Santee, D.D., Elders R. F. Kelker, A’. H. Seibert, (.i. S. (Griffith and (deorge Gelhach. Members of the Koard in 1898. Rev. James L. Good, D.D., Rev. J. H. Prugh, D.D., Rev. J. S. Kieffer, D.D., Rev. J. Dahhnann, D.D., Rev. C. R. Dieffen- hacher, D.D., Rev. P. Greding, D.D., Rev. A. R. Bartholomew, D.l)., Rev. S. X. Callender, D.D., Elders Benjamin Kuhns, Joseph L. Lemherger, Ph.iM., J. Y. Dietz, and J. Z. Ger¬ hard, Ml). li.x'ccutivc Coiiimittcc: Rev. James E (lood, D.D., Rev. J. H. Prugh, D.D., Rev. S. X. Callender, D.D., Rev. A. R. Bartholo¬ mew, D.D.; Elders Joseph L. Lemherger. Ph.iM., and J. Z. (ierhard, M.D. Officers of the Board: Rev. James I. (jood, D.D., President; Rev. J. H. Prugh, D.D., \ ice- 1 'resident; Rev. S. X. Callender, D.D., Secretarv ; ILlder Joseph L. Leml:)erger, Ph. M.. Treas¬ urer. Legacies. All legacies to the Board should be in the following form; "I give, devise and bequeath to The Board of Coiiiniissioiicrs for Torign Missiotis of the Reformed Church in the United States, the sum of.Dollars." Note —If the bequest is real estate, let the property be carefully described. In every case let the will be made at least thirty days before death, and vvitnes.sed by two subscribers, according to law. If thebecjuesl is made less than thirty days before the death of the testator, according to the laws of Pennsylvania, it is void ana of no effect. Kspecial care should be taken to have the corporate title of the Hoard, precisely as above. . 'i'; ''