EA •% I ( 1871-1919 OFFICERS President— Mrs. W. A. Montgomery, 144 Dartmouth St., Rochester, New York Foreign Department, Home Administration Department, Ford Building, Boston, Mass. 1433 Stevens Building, Chicago, Ill. % Foreign Vice President, Home Ad. Vice President, Mrs. Henry W. Peabody Mrs. Andrew MacLeish Foreign Secretary, Nellie G. Prescott Home Secretary, Eleanor Mare Candidate Secretary, Field Secretary, Treasurer, Alice E. Stedman Publisher, Recording Secretary— Mrs. T. E. Adams, 2033 E. 88th St., Cleveland, Ohio World Wide Guild Secretaries Alma J. Noble and Helen Crissman, 200 Bryant St., 2969 Vernon Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Chicago, Ill. Children’s World Crusade Secretary Mary Noble, 200 Bryant St., Buffalo, N. Y. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT A FILIPINO MAID AT HER LOOM WOMAN’S AMERICAN BAPTIST FOREIGN MISSION SOCIETY PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT 1433 STEVENS BUILDING, 16 NORTH WABASH AVENUE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS OUR PRESIDENT — HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . 5 British India : Burma .7-43 Assam .44-53 South India .54-87 Bengal-Orissa . 88-94 China : East .95-109 South .110-118 West .118-124 Japan .125-140 Africa .141-148 Philippine Islands.149-154 Jubilee .155 Addresses of Missionaries .156-161 Index .162 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS A Filipino Maid at her Loom.on title page Our President—Helen Barrett Montgomery.2 Helen K. Hunt .16 New School House, Pyapon, Burma .17 High School Graduates, 1918, Kemendine.19 Marion A. Beebe.2o Ina B. Fry. 25 Map of British India.facing page 32 Training Class, Nowgong, Assam.48 Charlotte A. Wright .51 Ethel A. Masales .65 Olive E. Jones. 65 How the Central School Serves the Mission.73 Josephine V. Sanford.74 Helen L. Tufts .74 Raising Turkeys. Industrial Department, Ongole.76 Etta Waterbury Hospital, Udayagiri ..84 Idol Worshipped in Udayagiri.85 Jennie Lind Reilly .86 Mabel E. Bond .90 Gladys E. Doe.90 Rachel Bose and Three Daughters. 92 Map of China and Philippine Islands.facing page 96 F. Gertrude McCulloch .97 Josephine C. Lawney, M. D.97 Teachers and Students, Woman’s School, Huchow.99 Corner of Children’s Play Room, Woman’s School, Huchow.101 Miss Smith and her Nurses’ Training Class, Ningpo.104 Georgiana W. Pearson .107 Elizabeth D. Nash .107 Jessie M. G. Wilkinson.109 Mrs. Foster and Woman’s Class, Kityang, China.114 Margaret Wellwood .'.117 Cecilia Kindergarten and New Building, Suifu.121 Minnie M. Argetsinger.121 Map of Japan .facing page 128 Kindergarten Children, Naha, Liu Chiu Islands.128 New Kindergarten Building, Naha .131 Minnie J. Sandberg.133 Agnes A. Meline.133 Hatsu Oguri, Trained Nurse .138 Ruth C. Ward. 139 Map of Africa .facing page 144 Mbudi, Bible Woman at Sona Bata .146 An Old Street, Iloilo.153 FOREWORD Fifty-eight years after Dr. and Mrs. Judson began their life work in Burma and thus inspired the organization of the American Baptist Missionary Union, Baptist women began in a definite way to plan and work for women and children in the Orient. In 1871 the Woman’s Societies of the East and of the West were organized and assumed, in Burma, their first responsibilities. There they sent two newly appointed missionaries and adopted four others who had previously gone out under the A. B. M. U., together with the four schools for girls which were already well started by these missionaries. Thus in 1871 Baptist women began an active, personal interest in the Burmans and the Karens in four stations in Burma, with six missionaries and four schools. Almost immediately four Bible women were added, three in Burma and one in South China. The budgets raised during the first year amounted to $13,416. Now, in April, 1919, within two years of the Golden Jubilee, the Society has, as its record: 210 missionaries of whom 177 are in active service, 14 appointees; 65 missionaries of the A. B. F. M. S. to whom appropriations are made for woman’s work; 1,091 schools; 20 Training Schools and Dormitories; 269 Bible women; 930 Sun¬ day schools; 33 hospitals and dispensaries; $457,000 the budget for 1918. During the last four years,—years of the greatest war in the his¬ tory of the world—the Society has taken a prominent part in the establishment of three high grade Christian colleges for women in India, China and Japan and two Christian medical colleges for women in India and China. While this record shows commend¬ able growth, it is by no means commensurate with the responsi¬ bility that has been laid upon Baptists to whom definite numbers of non-Christian peoples have been assigned as follows, of whom at least one-half are women and children : West China .. 6,000,000 East China. 4,200,000 South China. 30,000,000 Japan . 3,500,000 Philippine Islands. 992,928 Assam. 3,009,230 Burma . 9,374,582 Bengal Orissa . 3,500,000 South India. 6,072,538 Africa. 500,000 Total. 67,149,278 We approach our Jubilee year—1921—with rejoicing for what has been accomplished but with chastened hearts at the thought of these millions who still wait to receive the Gospel message at the hands of Baptist women. BURMA IMPORTANT FACTS Burma, together with our other British India fields, makes a Baptist border around the Bay of Bengal. (See map of British India.) (The Canadian Baptists are located between South India and Bengal-Orissa and the English Baptists in and about Calcutta.) Baptists were the first to occupy Burma and today are the lead¬ ing missionary body in the province. There are in Burma eight distinct Baptist Missions. Fifty-five per cent of the education in Anglo-vernacular schools is with the Baptist Mission. There are in Burma 1064 organized Baptist churches, 817 of which are self-supporting. A province-wide Evangelistic Campaign is now being carried on. The challenge is “Christ for Burma, Burma for Christ.” The goal—“Every member praying, studying the Word of God and serving our Master in seeking the salvation of others.” During 1918, 3,428 baptisms were reported. For 1919 the goal is 10,000. The Mission says that it can be done. AMONG THE BURMANS Of the twelve millions of people in Burma, today, about eight millions are Burmans, of whom at least five millions may be considered the fair obliga¬ tion of Baptists to win for Jesus Christ. Of this number one-half are with¬ out doubt women and children and not more than four thousand are Baptist communicants. A Baptist missionary to the Burmans writes: “Given a people proud, self-sufficient, individualistic, conservative, fond of ease and pleasure, swayed by custom, indisposed to work, with no clear conception of sin, the progress has been slow. During a thousand years Buddhism has become intrenched. In one hundred years it has only just begun to be dis¬ lodged by Christianity.” The following summary shows to some extent the work of the Woman’s Society for Burmans: 6 schools for girls; 21 mixed schools; 5 schools with high school department; 2 schools with normal department; 22 village schools; 1,934 total number of girls; 2,335 total number of boys; 1 Bible training school; 24 Bible women; 68 Sunday schools. The outstanding development of the last eighteen months has been the realization by the Burman race that no nation can make progress half edu- 8 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT cated and half illiterate. This has shown itself in the new government ruling that girls twelve years of age or older can no longer attend schools with boys. Throughout the country a great impetus has been given to the education of Burman girls and many new schools are being opened. The question is—shall these schools be Buddhist or Christian in their teaching and influence? In the following letters frequent reference is made to these schools for Burman girls. BASSEIN Educational Work FRANCES E. CROOKS Anglo-Vernacular Boarding School 296 boys—71 girls 13 native teachers 9 men—4 women 6 village schools 280 boys—249 girls 13 native teachers 6 men—7 women 10 Sunday schools 495 average attendance 12 baptisms 2 Bible women This year has been one in which we have seen clearly that the work of the Lord is as He hath said, “not by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit.” Two boys who attend the Sgaw Karen High School, but stay in our dormitory, were baptized recently. One is a Chinese boy who we hope will develop into a good worker among the Chinese. He has been in our school for several years and so has known the Bible in Burmese but not in Chinese. We are hoping that when the teacher from China comes for the Chinese school this boy can learn religious Chinese, that he may act as an inter¬ preter for Mr. Sisson and the Burmese preachers while he is a scholar and later be able to do Christian work among his own people. A former scholar, a young man who became a Christian twelve years ago, has led his entire family to Christ. His sister was baptized more than a year ago, his mother and brother in May, and another sister in December. His brother is now in the Theological Seminary. We have the same Bible women, faithful and capable women who are doing good work among Christians and non-Christians. We have a new Sunday school, held in a house where the husband is a Christian but the wife is a Buddhist. She has been very strong against Christianity, but now calls the children to come to the service and several times has served cakes or sweets to induce them to come again. We are hoping that through this Sunday school the woman may become a Christian. You have all heard of the Myaungmya girls’ school. We are in great need of a new building if we are to keep the school open, with its 100 girls and four certified teachers. Government will give 5,000 rupees and one man, 3,000 rupees. We are asking the Society for the balance of 2,000 rupees. Some of the people here are planning to give one-half a month’s salary for the furnishings. The Chinese carpenters will build the Chinese school free if they are given the work on this building. Frances E. Crooks. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 9 HENZADA Burman Boarding and Day School 230 boys—45 girls 9 native men teachers 5 native women teachers 2 Day schools 139 boys—18 girls 8 native men teachers 4 native women teachers 6 Village schools 165 boys—107 girls 5 native men teachers 3 native women teachers 9 Sunday schools 718 average attendance 9 baptisms 2 Bible women The look backward over a year’s work always reveals the fact that not¬ withstanding all that we have passed through, we have yet fared better than our fears and there is always reason to say heartily, “Hitherto hath the Lord helped us.” In February we were threatened with disregistration of our high school, on the ground that the Educational Department thought there should be but one high school at Henzada and that, the Government High School. Feeling as I do that our high school is essential to the crowning of our system of schools at Henzada, I could not take the disregistration lying down, so put up the best fight possible. The period of probation closes March 31, 1919. If we only do well in the March examinations we shall have deserved to win out and I think that can be made clear to the govern¬ ment. The arrival of Miss Thomas on December 21 brought great rejoic¬ ing. She was welcomed most heartily, fits into the home admirably, is studying Burmese with Ma Mary and took up classroom work January 1, I 919 . Once our position as a high school is secure beyond disturbance, my next move will be to establish a girls’ school at Henzada. I hope to open this school in June, 1919, by transfer of all our girls in the station school and all small boys below 12 years of age. Rev. J. H. Cummings. REV. AND MRS. J. E. CUMMINGS MISS MARY D. THOMAS INSEIN RUTH W. RANNEY Burman Woman’s Bible School HARRIET PHINNEY 24 girls The school year just past has been full of blessing in spite of the “flu,” which has broken up so many schools, for we did not lose a session and only one pupil dropped out on its account; one other left on account of her eyes. A class of eight, representing five races, is about to graduate having finished the three years’ course. We are gradually raising the grade of work and are receiving students from higher standards. Our Sunday and Friday meetings are useful in developing the pupils and outside women in leading and taking part in woman’s meetings. In the rains we had a very 10 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT interesting home mission meeting when written or verbal reports were given from about 16 former graduates, telling of the present work among Bur- mans, Shans, Chins and Karens, the letters coming from far away Nam- kham, Sandoway, Mandalay and from nearer places. A praise meeting in October brought out very interesting testimonies to answered prayers, con¬ version of friends, deliverance from sickness and overcoming hindrances. The day after Christmas most of the girls, with some of the church people, went to a jungle village for a day of preaching. We give very few holidays, but this year gave two to celebrate the close of the war and on the second of them we all went to Rangoon to see the “Victory” parade. Ruth W. Ranney. MANDALAY Barman Girls’ School (High School Department) 214 girls—26 boys 8 native women teachers 99 pupils in Boarding Department 2 Veranda Sunday schools 70 average attendance 2 Bible women Though disappointment and sadness have shadowed many a day of 1918, we feel grateful for the wonderful blessings the eventful year has brought to our school. The examinations in March showed encouraging results and brought two Middle English scholars to the Seventh Standard, one of the girls standing first in the province. The silver cup given for excellence in girls’ schools, has come for the first time to Upper Burma, giving us a sur¬ prise visit. Another eventful milestone stands on the day when our attend¬ ance reached 200. This increase is an evidence that the people are at last waking up to the opportunities offered them and despite the fact that Bud¬ dhist girls’ schools are being started on every hand and Buddhists are pledged to support them, in many cases their daughters are sent to us ; We count our greatest blessing the coming of Miss Lawrence to assist in the work. We have had hard, anxious days and nights on account of influenza. Plague and small-pox have also been near us, but with our compound so enlarged it has been possible to keep those terrors farther from our doors. The year has given unusual opportunities for broadening the lives of our girls in patriotic and philanthropic endeavors and they have responded cheerfully. In the past six months they have sewn and knit 458 articles, for the Red Cross, contributing the material as well as the work for 162, besides more than 200 rupees for various causes. The new high school has done well under Miss Thayer’s efficient, constant care and she is now preparing the first class to be graduated from the Tenth Standard in March. We have had permission from Government for the past year to open a normal school, as that is an urgent need of Upper Burma, but for lack of buildings we have been unable to seize the opportunity. Mrs. Ida B. Elliott. One Saturday I issued a call for all the larger girls who really would like to work for missions to meet in the Reading Room the following Sabbath Educational Work MRS. IDA B. ELLIOTT (on furlough) MISS F. ALICE THAYER MISS EMILIE G. LAWRENCE Evangelistic Work MISS JULIA E. PARROTT OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 11 afternoon. I did not urge anybody to come, but the result of the gathering was the organization of a new World Wide Guild Society. There are 20 earnest members and I believe they are as wide awake as any in the world. This last week we took part, as a school, in the “Peace” celebration here in Mandalay. We had “Brittania,” “Columbia,” “Joan of Arc,” a Red Cross nurse, Johnny Bull and Uncle Sam in miniature. The school was the largest Burmese Girls’ School in the parade and made a very good showing. Alice Thayer. Our little compound seems like an oasis in the desert and our own clean, sweet girls like children of another land in contrast with the filth, nakedness and confusion without. However, those without are beginning to look long¬ ingly within and oh! how we wish there were more funds in our little bank that we might say to every longing girl, “Come, taste and see that the Lord is good.” The dear girls of the school have shown me their love in in¬ numerable ways, but the climax came in the welcome program when the whole school was gathered in the assembly room. I wish every man and woman of our denomination could have seen with what taste and self-pos¬ session the various numbers on the program were rendered and how win¬ some each girl is. I am sure they would be profoundly impressed with the possibilities hidden away in even the dirtiest and most ignorant Burmese child on the street, and long to give each one a chance—the chance God meant them to have. Emilie Lawrence. I work very much among the children and without picture cards we work in vain. You see, Daw Pwa Kin and I are real Salvation Army workers in our methods. We carry a baby organ, stop at some street corner, open it up under the shade of a tree, and as soon as we begin singing the crowds gather. We have all the youngsters sit in front of the organ and promise them cards if they will repeat after us songs and Bible verses. They usually are quite ready to do so, and after a series of such exercises Daw Pwa Kin explains pictures from a large Sunday School picture roll. The parables seem to impress our Mandalay Burmans. We have splendid attention- much better than ten years ago when I had this work. Both men and women beg for tracts and occasionally they are quite bold enough to face their Buddhist comrades and say, “This is exactly the sort of religion which appeals to me.” Julia E. Parrott. MAYMYO Educational Work SARAH R. SLATER Boarding and Day School 65 girls—29 boys 5 native women teachers Village School 21 girls—6 boys 1 native woman teacher 3 Sunday schools 110 average attendance 9 baptisms 1 Bible woman Our Maymyo school has had 95 registered this year, but plague and in¬ fluenza have been so prevalent that parents have fled with their children 12 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT away from Maymyo, so that we have but 80 now. It is not as we would wish, but the parents feel that personal safety comes before education. God has spared our boarders and teachers from these epidemics, for which we are thankful. Four of our day scholars have died. This is the first time that the death angel has come into our school. Still, in all these reverses God “has crowned our year with goodness,” for five of our boarders have confessed Christ and four were baptized in December. When two of our church members left for Basra I gave one a pocket Bible. One day, in talking with an officer he took it from his pocket with some note books. The officer noticed it, asked what it was, and when told, said, “You are a Christian, so will not want to work on Sunday,” and he told him to gather the Christians and any others for service on Sundays. Sarah R. Slater. MEIKTILA REV. AND MRS. J. F. INGRAM Middle Anglo-Vernacular School 105 boys—10 girls 8 native teachers 6 men—2 women 2 Sunday schools 150 average attendance It may be disappointing to you to learn that we have dropped from a high school to a middle school grade. Just before Mr. Dudley left on furlough he received a letter from Government telling him that aid for the high school department was likely to be cut off. The Director, however, made so reasonable a proposition, and one so profitable both to the mission and to the government, that I made no further plea to get back aid for a high school department. Any pupil in my middle school whom I recommend for high school work will be given a boarding stipend of 10 rupees a month, by the government, to join either the Mandalay or the Myingyan school. Our enrolment is just one more than it was last year. All the teachers are certi¬ fied, fully qualified for their work, and the recent report of the inspector of schools gives us considerable praise and much encouragement. Meiktila district is noted in Burma for its poverty and this gives us a fairly large percentage of free pupils. We take them and educate them at the expense of the other pupils, aided by government and sometimes by the mission. All such free pupils the past year have been given very definite duties to perform to meet in part the expenses of tuition. It is very difficult to get Burmans to work for their education, but every pupil applying for free tuition was asked whether he would work as directed through the year and in only three cases did the pupil refuse absolutely and these three were al¬ lowed to leave the school. The pupil who cannot pay and is too lazy or to proud to work, must go to some other school. The work these free boys have done duiing the year has saved for the school, money that I would have had to pay out to carpenters for repairing fences and athletic appara¬ tus, or to coolies for keeping the school grounds clear and free from weeds or to some one else to dust the seats and tables in all the classes day bv day, etc. Closely related to this question of free pupils is the matter of female edu- cation. When the Burman is too poor to pay the way of his boys, he is far trom willing to do anything for his girls; but female education is a live topic OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 13 in Burma and in fact in all India at present. While we call ours a girls’ school, it has only eight girls on the register all the rest being small boys. It seems impossible to persuade the Burmans to send us their girls. The number of girls is so small that the Inspector would not register it as a girls’ school this year. J. F. Ingram. MOULMEIN Educational Work AGNES WHITEHEAD LIZBETH HUGHES MILDRED A. MOSIER ETHEL L. HUNT Morton Lane Girls’ School 400 students 25 teachers 85 normal department 47 normal practising school 268 A. V. school 201 resident students 1 matron 14 resident teachers 5 Sunday schools 300 average attendance 13 baptisms The year 1918 was a busy one at Morton Lane. The additional work has been building. In April the kindergarten was dismantled and erected on a new site with a fine laundry for 200 girls below. The old hospital had to be taken down to make room for the new building. The timber of the hospital was put into a neat little bungalow for the school cook with his family of eight. The cost of erection was very little and the house so attractive that several have asked if they might not rent it. April 1st Miss Whitehead “turned the sod” for our new home and we hoped to spend Christmas in it, but influenza among the workmen and other things known only to this land, have made the work go slowly and we shall not be in the house until the end of March—just in time to enjoy the hot season vacation there! We are so grateful for it. We have planned much for the new Assembly Hall, so sorely needed, but so far we have not decided what is best to do. The problem is a big one and needs very careful planning for this building com¬ pletes our needs for years to come. But building, with all its attendant problems, has been only a side issue, as it were, of the work of the school. This has gone on steadily and suc¬ cessfully. The normal department is the largest we have ever had. We hope to graduate a class of 50 and send them out to all parts of the Prov¬ ince. So far we have only been able to admit 15 to the Elementary Training Class, which fits students to be teachers in the low grade jungle schools. The senior inspector says we should train at least 40 for this work, the in¬ fluences about the students here are so good and the ideals so high. We hope sometime to open a department in connection with the normal school for training Village Supervisors. Villages in Burma are ugly in the ex¬ treme ; dirty and as a rule ugly; no playground, no sanitation, no spot of beauty; even the beauty nature gave them marred. We want to train and send back to these villages at least two capable women who will be leaders, teach hygiene, care of infants, sewing, knitting, gardening, games, and last but not least, a little village pride. Two of our graduates are in medical college and one of the two leaves soon for England to complete her course. Two others are taking the Arts 14 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT course in Rangoon Baptist College. We have a strong staff of teachers and the good they do is immeasurable. Ma Shwe Me has been with us 33 years. She has known every superintendent the school has ever had and all unite in loving and honoring her. Her graduates are in all parts of Burma and the impress of her life is readily seen in their work and Christian charac¬ ters. Other of our teachers have served the school for long periods and have done more than words of mine can tell for the advancement of Christ’s kingdom here in Burma. This year, as a change from ordinary routine, we have a Burman Princess under our care. She is a quiet, unassuming stu¬ dent and has come in touch with Christianity for the first time in her life. What the result will be none can say just now, but when she graduates from the normal school we hope it will be with a firm faith in Christ. Lizbeth Hughes. Last week I had my first jungle experience when I went with Miss Ryden and two other girls and it did me good to really tell the gospel to people living in a heathen village where a white Ma Ma had never been before. They heard us willingly because the vernacular teacher there is a Christian Karen. I am still sensitive to the sun’s glare so that I am thankful I can, at least for the present, do my work in a place like this big school. Having taken the supervision of the Kindergarten and Standards 1 to 4, Anglo-Vernacular, I was busy giving tests before Christmas. Also I take fees, money orders, and try to help Miss Hughes and Miss Mosier in other ways. During the influenza epidemic a great many of our pupils and teachers were ill, so school work was hard. I myself had influenza, and spent a few days in the Mitchell Memorial Hospital. Only one of our pupils, a day scholar, died of the disease. I have started a Sunday School near the business center of town, and one of our non-resident teachers assists me; as she does the teaching I really only assist her, in that respect. Ethel L. Hunt. MYINGYAN Burman Girls’ School 29 girls—10 boys 4 native women teachers 1 Village school In charge of station 37 boys—1 girl BERTHA E. DAVIS j native teachers 1 woman—3 men 3 Sunday schools 200 average attendance 3 baptisms 1 Bible woman The girls have made very good progress in their studies. It gives me much satisfaction that the home conditions of many of them are such that we may expect them to grow up Christians. Several have a Christian father and a Buddhist mother. In such cases the man is not of much use to the church, but as the children grow up and want to be Christians, we gradually get the mother and then we have another family. We have now one family of children in which this has been demonstrated. When I first came to OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 15 Myingyan the man was a Christian, but not living a real Christian life; the mother was very unfriendly and the children not in school regularly. Now five children, two boys and three girls, are in school, the oldest son and two daughters have been baptized and the mother as well as all the family are faithful and regular in church attendance and in Christian living. There are twenty or so other families in town in which the husband is a Christian —most of them my old pupils—and with the little girls in school we shall have a good hope of having twenty Christian families instead of twenty weak Christians. Does that seem slow? But the work of winning a people such as the Burmans is slow. Bertha E. Davis. PEGU Anglo-Vernacular Mixed School 60 boys—20 girls 5 native teachers Vernacular School 17 boys—26 girls 1 Bible woman Since my work began in Pegu I have been trying to bring our Anglo- vernacular mixed school up to the standard, both educationally and spirit¬ ually. Early in the school year we established a school prayer meeting, wholly optional as to attendance, to meet for a few minutes at the close of school every Thursday. These meetings have been quite well attended by our Christians from the beginning and lately some of our non-Christian boys and girls have attended. At Christmas time we had a joint program,of our two schools after which we served tea and cake. At this meeting an offering was taken for the famine and influenza sufferers in India and about $10 was raised. Our vernacular school has two splendid Christian teachers and the two oldest pupils in the school are Christians. The others are all little folks under faithful training. Within a few months we hope to see this school transferred into a seventh standard girls’ school. Mary L. Parish. PROME Anglo-Vernacular Day School Vernacular Day School 61 boys—120 girls 9 native women teachers Village school (Paungde) 14 boys—17 girls 2 native women teachers 5 Sunday schools 190 average attendance 19 Baptisms 2 Bible women With the help of the Bible women a new Sunday school has been started in a vernacular school in a distant part of the town and this promises to be an interesting work. The women of Protne Church have kept up the meet¬ ings of the woman’s society which have grown in interest and been a source of blessing. Educational Work FLORA E. AYERS Educational Work MARY L. PARISH 16 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT The Anglo-vernacular school has grown in numbers each year until there is hardly room in our rented house for the classes. There are great possi¬ bilities for this school if we had adequate equipment and if we do not take advantage ot our opportunities soon, others may. The vernacular school on the com¬ pound, small but growing, now has a good building and the school room has been en¬ larged and made light and airy. Last March an incident occurred which greatly impressed many of the Christians and seemed to deepen the spiritual life of the church. A young girl, thirteen or four¬ teen years of age and employed in one of our Christian families to help with the chil¬ dren, who had attended Sunday School at times but was not a Christian, having come from a heathen home, was taken very ill and while in an unconscious state began to talk and tell of visions that came to her. The members of the household sat near her and listened to the revelations she made of scenes through which she seemed to be pass¬ ing, some very wonderful. The next day, better and partly conscious, she asked those about her to read aloud certain portions of the Bible and to pray. She said that she had seen Christ and heaven and that she must be baptized. She called some of the church members and gave messages which she said were given her to deliver. The sick girl said that on Thursday she would be well and that on the following Sunday she with nine others would be baptized. On the day set she got up and prepared to come to the church. To a woman who offered to help her she said, “Your faith is weak,” although just before this they said she had not been able to sit up. She and the nine all offered themselves to the church that night for baptism, but in order to be sure that they were earnest and not swayed by excitement or fear, they were asked to wait until the next Sunday and present themselves again. Much interest had been felt in this event and on Sunday there was a large congregation. The ten were present, their testimony seemed clear, they were very happy, and all were baptized that day. The little girl is still a helper in the same family and since then there has been nothing out of the ordinary in her experience. Flora E. Ayers. PYAPON Day School 26 girls—114 boys 7 native teachers REV. AND MRS. H. P. COCHRANE 2 women—5 men 3 Sunday schools 115 average attendance » 10 baptisms (from school) We have started weekly children’s meetings in our day school and they HELEN K. HUNT Graduate of Dennison University and Simmons College. For two and a half years Associate Foreign Secretary. Sailed for Burma, Feb. 1919. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 17 are well attended, sometimes as many as 60 being present. We hope this may lead up to a strong C. E. Society when the Christians are ready for it. A woman’s meeting every Saturday noon for an hour is helping our Christian women to learn the value of prayer and Bible teaching in the midst of their busy household cares. (Little Sunday schools begun in neighboring villages are not yet sufficiently well established to report.) We are looking forward to building a dormitory this spring. The most satisfactory, as well as the most exacting work in this country is in connection with such a department. NEW SCHOOL HOUSE. PYAPON, BURMA On a recent jungle trip we found promising children in Christian homes growing up in ignorance. Our proposed boarding school will meet a long- felt want. Already we have received many applications from distant vil¬ lages. About 40 per cent of our pupils are from Christian homes. Julia Stickney Cochrane. PYINMANA (1917 figures) High School 194 boys—32 girls 10 native teachers 7 men—3 women REV. AND MRS. B. C. CASE 2 Da Y schools 217 boys—54 girls 11 native teachers 8 men—3 women 2 Sunday schools 129 average attendance 4 baptisms The Pyinmana Mission Farm has sweet corn (native varieties of sweet 18 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT maize) which is beginning to come in, and if any of the missionary friends desire to have a tasty vegetable for the table and at the same time help to make the farm pay, they can send in orders for not less than 100 ears at a time. Everything is growing splendidly on the farm. The school is growing equally well in numbers; we have had eighty-five new admissions since reopening. There are eleven in the Ninth Standard and twelve in the Eighth. We are looking forward to a good year. Brayton C. Case. RANGOON Educational Work MARGARET M. SUTHERLAND (On furlough) LILLIAN H. EASTMAN HATTIE M. PRICE Evangelistic Work ANNA E. FREDRICKSON (Died July 3, 1918) MARY E. PHILLIPS (Language study) MRS. H. H. TILBE Kemendine Girls’ School 320 girls—55 boys 13 native teachers—women 5 European teachers 3 Sunday schools 235 estimated attendance 12 baptisms 5 Bible women Tust a week ago today (Jan. 16) I was caught in Chicago’s snow storm; then followed a nine weeks’ journey and at the end Burma’s hot season. Three weeks later Miss Sutherland turned her face toward America after nearly eight years of service. School opened June 5 and it was hard to realize that I had been away a year. Our boarding department began in a crowded condition—twelve girls in our guest room and beds in the kindergarten, etc.—but when the new building was finished we spread out a bit and will have, elbow room, for a year or so. We have had 156 girls and nine teachers in our dormitories during the year, and while our eighteen teachers have all been helpful those in the dormitories have been real mothers and big sisters to the girls. The “flu,” or as a Burman youth called it the “bloody up-to-date fever,” hit us on its visit to Burma. One day we had eighteen down in our hospital room and three of our boarders died after going home. Nine girls who have finished our high school are doing college work this year and one of the needs of Burma, when the new Burman University comes into being, is a hostel for our girls in charge of an American college woman. At the Baptist College there is no suitable place for them to live. Two of our finest girls are living with us and go on the street car each day, but this is not ideal. Dr. Ma Saw Sa, Superintendent of Dufferin Hospital, a Baptist to be proud of, attended us when we had the “flu,” and as we saw her refined, helpful ways with our girls, we longed for more of them to have her opportunities. The Burmans are ready for it, every one of our nine girls in college this year are paying their own expenses. Five of them are Christians and members of churches; one has been a most earnest Christian for five years, but cannot win permission to be baptized; one was a strong Buddhist when she came to us, but would be a Christian today if sharp per¬ secutions did not loom up before her. Lillian Eastman. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 19 Because of the new government order that girls over twelve shall not attend boys’ schools, many new pupils came to us last June and we had to add two teachers to our staff after school began. Our attendance this year is the largest it has ever been. Our High School class, which graduated last March, kept up the reputation which the others made before it,—all seven of the girls passing and two gaining scholarships for college work. Only four schools in Burma passed all the students they presented for the exam- HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES, 1918 Kemmendine Girls’ School, Rangoon, Burma (See letter from Miss Price) ination and ours is the only mission school of that number, a fact of which - we are justly proud. Great credit is due to the faithful work of Miss D’Rozario, the high school teacher, whose work was mentioned by the gov¬ ernment inspector. Of these seven girls four were Christians when they finished and one other has been baptized this year. We are very proud of the girls in our present high school because they are all Christians. I won¬ der of how many high school classes of the same size at home this could be said! At the beginning of the school year, in connection with the evangelistic campaign being carried on in Burma, we divided all the boarders into small groups for study and prayer once a week, Christians and non-Christians in separate groups. In the former, “Bible Studies in Evangelism” proved very suggestive and helpful. We did not plan for any series of special meetings, 20 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT but the girls who wanted to become Christians or to know more of what it meant, gathered for study and prayer once a week with the “MaMas” for several months. As many as thirty came to a meeting, but some were too young or Buddhist parents would not give permission for baptism, so thir¬ teen girls were finally received. One was called home the day before the service was to take place so twelve were baptized by Dr. MacGuire before communion on the first Sunday in December. Hattie M. Price. Miss Fredrickson—An Appreciation The death of Miss Anna E. Fredrickson, in Rangoon, Burma, July 3, has thrown a dark shadow over the mission to which she has given twenty-six years of devoted service, and has saddened the hearts of her many friends in America. Her strong, attractive personality, coupled with a fine command of the Burmese language, made her welcome not only among the women in the homes, but gave her respectful hearing from the men, even Buddhist priests. During the traveling season she went with her Bible women into the jungle villages, everywhere winning women and children with her message of love and light. In a single tour they often visited a hundred small vil¬ lages, each with 300 to 700 homes. During the rains her work was confined to the city, where she carried on Bible training classes, women’s meetings and superintended Sunday and day schools. After the marriage of her associate, Miss Agnes Neilson, to Rev. E. B. Roach, as her health was rapidly failing, she went to the Nilgiri Hills in India, hoping to recuperate and thus defer her home furlough until the arrival of her newly appointed helper, Miss Mary E. Phillips. But the Mas¬ ter was calling her to the heavenly home, and very soon after returning to Rangoon, she crossed the threshold into the Bright Beyond. Miss Fredrick¬ son’s life and work will be one of the treasured possessions of our mission in Burma and of our Woman’s Foreign Mission Society. I am so glad you decided to send me here, in spite of the fact that the work before me is difficult. However, I think the greatest difficulty now is being patient until I have sufficient command of the language, knowledge of the people, etc., to be of real service. I am enjoying my study thoroughly. The very fact of the need about me is an incentive for greater efforts to¬ ward the mastery of this twisty language. Mary Phillips. SAGAING Anglo-Vernacular Girls’ School 110 pupils In charge of the station 7 native teachers MARY W. RANNEY 3 Sunday schools 36 average attendance 3 Bible women It is with a deep sense of gratitude that we review the work of the past school year. In our report for 1916-17 we mentioned two needs—a seventh OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 91 /v JL standard and a kindergarten. The latter was opened in May and a graduate of Morton Lane put in charge. The seventh standard was a more difficult problem, but the encouragement received from the people of Sagaing and the government justified the undertaking. We have an efficient corps of Christian teachers, who_ realize, that the work of a mission school is not complete with mental instruction alone. During the bi-weekly sewing periods the school girls have made a total of 375 articles for the Red Cross. In January we had a two weeks’ visit from Miss Fredrickson with two of her efficient Bible women. There was marked interest whenever these workers addressed the pupils and although we cannot report any conver¬ sions we have had tokens that the work was not in vain. At the opening of the year we had but one Bible woman, who had been on this field for several years. On the first of February we called two more, graduates from the Insein Bible School, to work for the two months untii vacation. These three Bible women carried on two outside Sunday schools, visited from house to house, conducted street preaching and jungle work in the villages along the river, and gave one or two gospel talks in the school every week. We cannot push our Bible woman work at present because of our inability to house them. Mary W. Ranney. SHWEGYIN REV. AND MRS. E, N. HARRIS Burman Girls’ School 25 girls Just a word about the girls’ school which we are running on faith and fees and scattering contributions. We began in June with one pupil. In November our strength had increased to nearly thirty girls and small boys, Burmans, Indians, Karens and various mixed races. Then an avalanche of transfers of parents in government service and some deaths from influenza practically cut the attendance in half. Once more we are struggling toward the twenty mark, hoping to reach it soon. The children who have attended regularly are doing creditable work and show that, in spite of the ill-health with which she has been obliged to contend, their teacher has given them worthy instruction. We have the children from the best homes in town, officials and the like, and the school has a good start. We hope it may con¬ tinue and become a genuine power in this conservative Buddhist town. Mrs. E. N. Harris. TAVOY Anglo-Vernacular School 18 girls—6 boys In charge of station 3 native women teachers AUGUSTA H. PECK 6 Sunday schools 300 average attendance 19 baptisms 2 Bible women (part time) In conversation with a Buddhist teacher he asked when I was coming to his school again. I told him I would come if I had permission to teach singing and Bible lessons. He consented to this and we arranged that I should teach his pupils once a week. A Bible woman, or a girl teacher, and 22 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT I have been to his school a few times since then and the eighty pupils are learning to sing and give good attention to the Bible stories on the Life of Christ, as illustrated in the Sunday school picture rolls. The teacher, his wife and the pupils seem delighted with the Sunday school picture cards which I give them. We have three Sunday schools that are held on the verandas of Buddhist homes in different quarters of Tavoy. In two of these homes we pay about five rupees per month for the privilege of using the verandas. The children gather around us, listen to the Bible stories, learn to sing the gospel hymns and seem very glad to get the picture cards we give them. These little ones look forward with pleasure to Christmas and I would be very grateful if someone would send us a Christmas box. Augusta H. Peck. Note: Miss Peck has been transferred to Thonze, during the furlough of Rev. and Mrs. Latta. Rev. and Mrs. M. L. Streeter have returned to Tavoy. THAZI REV. AND MRS. J. F. INGRAM Middle Anglo-Vernacular Day School 92 boys—9 girls 7 native teachers 6 men—1 woman The school has increased its enrolment this year and has improved greatly in discipline and the grade of work being done. All the teachers are certi¬ fied, but there is still room for improvement in imparting to the children the knowledge required and the training necessary to equip the child to acquire knowledge for itself. J. F. Ingram. THONZE REV. AND MRS. J. T. LATTA Anglo-Vernacular Girls’ School 65 girls 5 women teachers 2 Vernacular Day Schools 40 boys—60 girls 3 women teachers 5 Village schools 100 boys—44 girls 6 men teachers 1 woman teacher 8 Sunday schools 375 average attendance 37 baptisms 2 Bible women The preachers are doing a lot of touring and report good interest every¬ where. One man has been watching Mr. Hascall’s boat, the Alintaman, and preaches to the people crossing at the ferry. In this way he reaches many coming from a long distance and gives out tracts that go miles into the jungle. We have been able to have a Bible woman most of the year and part of the time two. Our teachers are all Bible women and teach the boys and OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT Q Q GcLTtges B I H A R AND \ ORISSA f B) n , . f HOWRAH/ Bhimpore* % T Midnapore • J^CALCUTF Kharagpur* Contsu V Santipore* •''Vi&c&ifv, P Balasorcr^ I J i L S ° f - e handbalii •Tura A ‘•^Goalpara Tika Kohima \ •-T...O A s S A M Ukhrul , l'- 7 Haka ! B Myitkyinaf ) f C jH Bhamo^/* I\N V m V Vs Namkham L*^ 1 Hsipaw \Mandalay BOMBAY V POONA ~?oda van \ Hanumakonda Vs “«, HYDERABAD Secunderabad *Jangaon w \ HYDERABAD o •Sooriapett f Nalgonda • f\j> * t ^ ‘^SsQ e na path Myingyai Pyi\imana Diayctmyo, Basse II Sagaing §) Kengtungj^ Taunggyi eiktila MongnaiJ * Loikaw/f— ( oungo'o^ Prome ( V'’* Zig °" ^Shw^yin Er*rt v °?r ' ■ s1, PeguY •In s^_ v ^#p£^, 0 ulmei> frap Q. M hatonx KrJi Kurnool • - NandyaD **ojQ 0rf df Kanigiri* Kandukuru* .VfW1=- _ Udayagiri AAllur== an ' “ ■'V Atmakur * jNelldr ?^ o'V'A AYUTH1A .'MYSORE \ Or S' PCALICUT -9 PONDICHERRY r a BAPTIST MISSION FIELDS IN_ BRITISH INDIA Scale of Miles ^^ ^Andama n- Elslands Mission Stations .Ramapatnam Other Cities .oPONDICHERRY OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 33 of the line. In the Kentung field there are over 2,000 Christian Shans residing in China. As a race the Shans are not educated. From five to ten per cent of the men can read and write and this percentage is much lower for the women and girls. The great need among the Shans is that of Christian education that a strong group of men and women may be trained to carry the gospel where it is impossible for the missionary to go. Work among the Shans was started in 1872, in Toungoo, and is now car¬ ried on in six centers, four of which receive appropriations from the Woman’s society. HSIPAW No missionary in charge. Station and school are, therefore, closed. MONGNAI During the furlough of Dr. and Mrs. Gibbens, this station has been in charge of Rev. C. H. Heptonstall. NAMKHAM REV. AND MRS. ROBERT HARPER (1917 figures) Boarding and Day School 28 boys—23 girls 3 native teachers 2 women—1 man 3 Village schools 39 boys—22 girls 8 native teachers 5 men—3 women 4 Sunday schools 155 average attendance 25 baptisms 3 Bible women In submitting our annual report I wish to say that we are making special efforts to establish self-support among the Christians here, many of the teachers contribute one-tenth of their salaries and the members of the Church have done well during the past two years. The Church and teach¬ ers made themselves responsible for the whole cost of our Shan Association the past two years and the Church has purchased one modern weaving loom for the school. We have been having a siege with influenza, and having to fight the siege among the teachers, Bible women, girls and boys has been very trying because they are all crowded together into the boys’ dormitory, which was built over twelve years ago by Dr. Harper when he was here before. We thank you very much for the Rs. 2,000 for the girls’ dormitory. When it is built, “Watch us Grow.” Mrs. Robert Harper. 34 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT TAUNGGYI Anglo-Vernacular High School 131 boys—28 girls 5 native men teachers 4 native women teachers Vernacular School 40 boys—21 girls 1 native man teacher 3 native women teachers 3 Village schools 21 boys—14 girls 4 Sunday schools 152 average attendance 12 baptisms 1 Bible woman Preparation of English-Shan dictionary ^ Influenza and plague found several victims in the Anglo-vernacular School, and we especially grieve over the death of a promising boy in the ninth standard. He belonged to a Buddhist family, but was a faithful at¬ tendant of the daily Bible class and gained second prize in last year’s Scrip¬ ture examination,—a nice English Bible of which he was proud, and which he read daily. Shortly before his death he, with others of his class, was asked to fill in answers to a few questions on papers given to each. “Do you believe in God?” “Do you believe in Jesus Christ as your Saviour?” “Are you prepared to ask for baptism?” To the first two he had answered, “Yes.” To the third, “Not yet.” He died so suddenly that none of us knew he was even ill until told of his death, so no Christian was at hand to en¬ courage or comfort him, but we have hope that he died in faith. Another boy in one of the lower classes, when in the delirium of fever, talked so incessantly of the school and his longing to get well and go back to it, that when he died his parents sent for his Acquittance Certificate and asked that we write on it that the boy was from that date dismissed from school and could not return. Questioned as to the meaning of this request, the father said it was to free the boy’s spirit so it could rest in its new abode and not be trying to get back to school. This certificate, made out as requested by the father, was read in a loud voice at the grave by a Buddhist priest. Besides daily Bible classes, lectures on morals, temperance, hygiene and the war are given weekly by Dr. Ah Pon, our Christian physician in charge of the medical work in Dr. Henderson’s absence. One of the great needs of the school is accommodation for boarders. We have twenty-two boys as boarders and would have more if we had any place to house them. The small dormitory takes in twelve, the others are in the servants’ quarters, a small room for tools, and in a portion of one of the rooms of the chapel A few girls are sheltered in a portion of the dis¬ pensary building, but it is too far away from the compound, and we are not encouraging girl boarders until we can properly take care of them. C. H. Heptonstall. 1Q1 ^ 0te: Dr ‘ A - H ‘ Henderson returned to Taunggyi, from furlough, in November, REV. AND MRS. C. H. HEPTON¬ STALL MRS. H. W. MIX OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 35 THE KACHINS This mountain tribe numbers about 100,000 and is found in Upper Burma. Formerly a wild, head-hunting people, they have now become the most docile and useful of all the races of Upper Burma to the British Govern¬ ment. They are found to be reliable and trustworthy, responsive to educa¬ tion and to Christian influences. In 1878 Mr. Freiday began work among the Kachins of Bhamo and was soon succeeded by Dr. W. H. Roberts. In 1888, Miss Manning was desig¬ nated there for work in the school. The work centers at present around three stations, in which the women have the following special interests: BHAMO REV. AND MRS. L. H. MOSIER STELLA RAGON—transferred from Myitkyina Day School 33 girls—171 boys 8 native teachers 2 women—6 men 1 Sunday school 50 average attendance It is almost impossible to get Burman teachers with secondary grade cer¬ tificates to come to Bhamo. While I am sorry to continue Buddhist teach¬ ers in the school, I am compelled to do so. Sayah Kyin, the Fourth Stand¬ ard teacher, is one of the best I have ever known. I would be ^ery sorry to lose him. I had strong hopes of Sayah Ti becoming a Christian, but my hope has diminished. He has seemed very near at times. Pray for his conversion. He has great influence in Bhamo and is a very fine man and is only nominally a Buddhist. We have put the first standard and the girls of the second standard in a separate building as a step toward a girls’ school next year. The visits of Mrs. Mosier and the women teachers to the homes of the girls, and of myself and teachers and preachers to other homes, are steadily increasing the influence of the mission and we believe will result in decreasing the objections to the baptism of pupils. L. H. Mosier. NAMKHAM REV. AND MRS. OLA HANSON (1917 figures) Boarding and Day School 83 boys—49 girls 6 native teachers 3 men—3 women 6 Village schools 96 boys—41 girls 11 native teachers 8 men—3 women 7 Sunday schools 375 average attendance 15 baptisms I wish you could spend the day with us since we are having our first day in our new school building. It seems too good to be true that we now really have a meeting place at last, the first time since we have been in Namhkam. First we met with the Shans in their chapel. When both they and we in- f 3G OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT creased so that the room was too small, we met on our verandah or under our home or any place we could find until we had finished the girls’ dormi¬ tory. We met there for two years. Then when the girls had to have their big room and the boys’ dormitory was completed, we have met for two years in one of the big rooms there. Now today we had a real praise serv¬ ice in our new place of worship. Some of the Kachins said they “hoped it was not a dream” ! We have collected material and planned for this for three and a half years. When we began we had only about $300. in view, but when we have our big dedication we hope to dedicate it free of debt. It will cost about $3,500. Of this the Woman’s Board has given us $1,350. We are very grateful to Dr. Harper for his help. He is a builder and my husband makes no claim to it. We still have to make the seats and have only about a third enough school desks. The timber has to be cut and sawn and carried by Chinese during the dry season. Every stick of lumber is carried from five to twenty miles down the hillsides either by men or mules. When we look back over our term in Namhkam we can only be thankful to God for His mercies and blessings. When my husband came here there was only the Mission house, a dozen Christian and one jungle school of five or six pupils. We have built twelve houses on the compound and have six jungle schools beside the station school, in all some 250 Kachin children in school. We count about 700 in the Christian community and over 200 of these are baptized. Mrs. Ola Hanson. MYITKYINA (1917 figures) Boarding and Day School 78 boys—16 girls 6 native teachers 5 men—1 woman 3 Village schools 24 boys—1 girl 3 native men teachers Sunday school 99 average attendance 24 baptisms A devastating flood visited Myitkyina during the year. The beautiful Irrawadi River overflowed its banks, washing away the teak forest, the bund and a portion of the Mission compound. The work at the station and in the school has, therefore, been much interrupted. Miss Ragon has borne well the long strain of being alone at the station. After the flood, however, relief was imperative. She has, therefore, been transferred to Bhamo and Rev. and Mrs. Woodbury, upon their arrival in Burma, will be designated to Myitkyina. REV. AND MRS. N. E. WOODBURY STELLA RAGON—transferred to Bhamo THE CHINS There are 180,000 Chins in eastern and northern Burma—those of the hills being very different from the Chins of Lower Burma. Originally a fierce, dirty, ignorant and primitive tribe, they are slowly responding to OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 37 Christian influence. In religion they are Animists, although many lay no claim to any religion. Christian work was begun among them more than thirty years ago and now centers about three stations, although the people are scattered over large areas and are reached by difficult and slow methods of travel. More schools are needed and a stronger missionary force to win for Christ a race that is now responsive and waiting. Already more than 1,000 Chins are members of Baptist churches. 1 HAKA Boarding and Day School 84 boys—10 girls 4 native men teachers 2 Village schools 65 boys—3 girls 2 native men teachers 3 Sunday schools 125 average attendance 6 baptisms Early in November Spanish influenza visited the Chin Hills and left countless graves in its trail. Schools were closed from November 13 to January 1 and many pupils have not returned. Five of our Haka pupils have died. From others living at a distance I have not heard. The death rate has been terrible. Thirteen entire families here have been wiped out and from one family of nine only one little three-year-old girl is left. While people have been dying all "about us, not one of the Haka Christians has died. This seems to have made a marked impression upon the people, both pagan and Christian. Furthermore, they have not failed to note the fact that we were not afraid to go among them and minister to their neces¬ sities even when their own people, in fear of contagion, forsook them. After going among them constantly and doing what I could for them for several weeks, when I finally took the disease myself I was obliged to get well in sheer self-defense—to keep from being killed with kindness! The Mohammedan postmaster and his Buddhist wife, the Hindu Baba, the Goorhah milkman, the Madrassi bazaar keepers, my Karen teacher and his wife, all the Chin Christians and many of the heathen, seemed to feel a personal responsibility for my recovery. In one of our village schools there have been four conversions; and although there is not a baptized Christian among the twenty pupils, every one of them attends the Sunday service held by the teachers and every one takes part in the prayer meetings. The four boys who have declared them¬ selves Christians run off into the jungle and hide when the family sacrifice to their heathen gods. They also stoutly refuse to eat of the meat that has been offered. As they only taste meat a very few times in a year, and as they like it more than anything else, this is a very good test of their sin¬ cerity. Since beginning the writing of this report I have happened to see. a former pupil of this school. He told me that he wanted to become a dis¬ ciple of the Lord Jesus. After expressing my joy I asked him if his fa¬ ther, whom I knew to be a hard drinker, would not oppose him. He replied, “No, my father and mother both say they think they will become disciples Educational Work MRS. A. E. CARSON 38 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT too.” It seems a younger brother, who died recently of the influenza and was a pupil in our school, expressed his faith in Christ before he died and it touched the hearts of the parents. “And a little child shall lead them.” Laura H. Carson. SANDOWAY Anglo-Vernacular Seventh Standard Boarding and Day School 43 girls—43 boys 7 native teachers 2 women—5 men 1 Day school 34 girls—29 boys 4 native teachers 2 women—2 men 1 Village school 30 boys—30 girls 3 native teachers 2 women—1 man 4 Sunday schools 200 average attendance 5 baptisms (from boarding school) 1 Bible woman (dormitory matron) It has seemed good to be back in the work again after my rather long furlough. In June I took over the supervision of the Anglo-Vernacular School. We feared there would be a small attendance this year since the people were unable to sell their last year’s crop of paddy, making a great scarcity of money, and as about a dozen of our higher standard boys joined the army. There has, however, been a fair attendance, the increase in the number of girls from the town nearly making up for those we lost from the jungle. The work of the year has been greatly interrupted by an un¬ usual number of holidays, for the celebration of victories in battle and the prevalence of influenza. We closed school just before the disease broke out among our boarders. Some were taken ill on their way home, but no fatalities occurred. We had an unusual Christmas concert for the two schools and Sunday schools Christmas eve, followed by a Christmas tree from which about 250 gifts were distributed and many little hearts made glad. A well-to-do Mohammedan father called on me afterwards and said his little girls were very happy, as it was the first time they had ever received a gift from a Christmas tree. These little girls wear plenty of gold and silks, but a small four-cent gift from a Christmas tree gave them great pleasure. May the time come when they as gladly receive the Gift of gifts, Jesus the Saviour! All of our meetings have been well-supported by teachers and pupils. The girls have taken an active part in the woman’s meetings on Saturdays. Our primary teacher has built up a little Sunday school of twenty-four in the neighborhood of her home. Educational Work HELEN E. BISSELL INA B. FRY (Under appointment) Helen E. Bissell. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 39 THAYETMYO (1917 figures) REV. AND MRS. E. C. CONDICT School for Chins 11 boys—5 girls I have just received a letter from one of my preachers who enlisted in the Burma Rifles. He said fourteen Chin soldiers have been baptized. Without much doubt not one of them would have been baptized if they had not enlisted. The 560 Chin Baptists in my two Chin Associations furnished twenty-four Christian soldiers. The twenty-four Christians have been increased to thirty-eight by the recent baptisms. This small school has a roll of fifteen pupils and former pupils in the Burma Rifles. At the Annual Chin Association at Thayetmyo it was decided, as part of these Chins’ work in the evangelistic campaign, to work for 100 baptisms in the Irrawaddy Chin Association this year. Twenty-two were baptized at the Association. One result of my recruiting work is to make me believe that an essential part of an evangelistic campaign must be the training of my Christians in unselfishness, courage, boldness, fearlessness and sacrifice. Many of my Christians are sorely lacking in those qualities. E. Carroll Condict. INDIAN WORK FOR TAMILS AND TELUGUS In 1884, when Dr. and Mrs. Armstrong, who had been missionaries to South India, returned from furlough, they were designated to Moulmein where a work was growing up among the Telugus who were crossing the Bay of Bengal in constantly increasing numbers. Not only have the Telugus been attracted to Burma, but also the Tamils and many people from northern India. In 1895 the city of Rangoon became the center of this work, where today one-third of the population is Indian. These people are found, however, all over Burma as employees on railroads, servants in the hotels, gharry drivers, farmers, road builders, etc. One missionary family has, up to the present time, had all the supervision of this work. Indians are steadily becoming a more important element in the population of Burma and there should be an immediate increase in the missionary force if Baptists are to meet this responsibility. MOULMEIN AND RANGOON (1916 figures) 6 Dav schools 650 pupils 6 Sunday schools 5 Bible women A number of the missionaries in Rangoon and Insein, some English friends and a few of other races, met with a number of the Indian Chris- tains and friends of Union Hall School in a gathering invited by the Head Master and Staff of the school to bid farewell to my mother and sister, who sailed for America a few days later. Mother, who had been very ill for more than a month past, had gained sufficient strength to undertake the voyage. REV. E. N. ARMSTRONG KATE W. ARMSTRONG (On furlough) 40 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT By the last report Mizpah Hall, Moulmein, was again in some respects the most successful school in the Eastern Circle last year. In a tabular statement of results, in the final column which showed the total average mark per cent, averaged with the number of passes of those eligible in the seventh standard, Mizpah Hall easily led the list. One of our boys had the best paper in geography of all the papers sent in from any of the twenty- one schools in the Circle. Mizpah Hall also had the best average mark in English. One of our boys was considered worthy of all round distinction, being third in the list of the sixteen boys from schools in the Circle who were considered worthy of distinction. Union Hall, Rangoon, is doing well. It did not distinguish itself last year quite like Mizpah Hall, but in our last inspection the Inspector was quite pleased with the quality of work in the seventh standard and also in a general way with the work of the school as a whole. The Indian Women’s Association, under the presidentship this year of Mrs. Aaron, wife of Rev. J. Aaron, one of our traveling preachers, is doing splendidly. Indian women are doing wonders in Burma today in compari¬ son with what they were accustomed to do a few years ago. We have had some Indian regiments stationed here lately—the 63d Palamcottas, made up of Tamil and Telugu troops, and the 91st Punjabis, made up, of course, of troops from the Punjab. The Indian ladies undertook to give them con¬ certs in the barracks and good concerts they were. The Indian Women’s Association called a public meeting lately to consider matters connected with “the reform scheme.” So they have gone into politics to a certain extent. The Bible women have been doing faithful and steady work. They voted some money lately to our special evangelistic work and are helpful in many ways. We are having meetings of our school teachers and old pupils with their friends, to consider ways in which we may help our school work and the Mission in general. Ernest N. Armstrong. ANGLO-INDIAN WORK There are in Burma over 12,000 Anglo-Indians, people of mixed parent¬ age, usually English and British Indian. They are largely located in the districts of Rangoon, Mandalay, Moulmein and Maymyo. In the early seventies, Miss Lawrence went to Toungoo to take charge of a school for Anglo-Indian children which had been begun by Mrs. Cushing. Miss Haswell also started a home for some little waifs in Moulmein. This home grew into a school under the direction of Mrs. Longley, who later was instrumental in securing a valuable piece of property which has ever since been the home of the school which has grown into the English Girls’ High School. This is the only school for Anglo-Indian girls maintained by our Woman’s Society, but any young girl from any part of Burma may attend and scholarships are provided to make this possible. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 41 MOULMEIN Educational Work ANNIE L. PRINCE HELEN M. GOOD English Girls’ High School 70 girls—36 boyS 10 native women teachers 11 baptisms The year opened with a larger enrollment than usual, the closing of our European school at Mandalay bringing us some of the former pupils of that school. Apart from these, we had a fair number come in to take the places of those who left. Early in the year we had a day of rejoicing when our registers showed us our slowly growing numbers had reached one hundred. Now we are ambitious to have two hundred. We rejoice in the excellent health of our pupils and think our splendid location has much to do with keeping all well. During the year, we were invaded by microbes and suffered three epidemics,—measles, mumps and influenza,—but are grateful that all the cases were mild. A day scholar did of pneumonia and that was the first death of a pupil of the school in more than nineteen years—a wonderful record. The work in the classes has been satisfactory and four girls passed the Government High School Final Examination, three of them obtaining dis¬ tinctions in mathematics. These four have taken their whole training in our school and three of them look upon this as their second home. That which has brought to us the greatest joy of the year was the con¬ fession of Christ as Saviour and Lord by eleven of our girls and boys and their baptism in the likeness of His death and resurrection. Others have become thoughtful and we are praying for and expecting others soon to make a public confession. Helen M. Good. FOR ALL RACES ELLEN MITCHELL MEMORIAL MATERNITY HOSPITAL 1 graduate nurse—6 pupil nurses MARTHA J. GIFFORD, M. D. SELMA M. MAXVILLE, R. N. 108 in-patients 678 out-patients 1336 treatments The year has indeed been one of beginnings,—some auspicious, some puz¬ zling and perplexing. We have found it true of medical work here, as well as of other missionary endeavor, that it must make its own way. In this respect even Moulmein, with its 60,000 people, is no exception. The jungle is indeed close beset with hardy, dense growths. Some are tangled thickets of superstition. Some are hardy shrubs of suspicion, whose thorny branches make path-breaking a trying procedure. Again there are the immovable rocks of stubbornness, the reason for whose age-long existence cannot be determined. Interspersed among these are the marshes and almost impassable stretches of dirt and mud. Among such as these we must make our way. Recently I have had an interesting time trying to break through some of these undergrowths. I was called to see the wife of one of the teachers in the Buddhist School. The husband is well educated and earning a good salary, but they had called in a cheap midwife to care for the wife during 42 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT confinement. I was called on the ninth day because fever and its attending symptoms had appeared. I saw that the patient would need good care for some time and urged that she be brought to the hospital. The husband was willing, but the suspicion and stubbornness of the wife could not be over¬ come. My concession in allowing the husband to come and stay with her, in permitting a friend to stay with her at night, and to bring the baby and ailing grandmother, if necessary, together with my insistence on a much higher price if I cared for her in the home were of no avail. I went to her home daily for about ten days and when at the end of that time she was getting worse I again appealed to the husband to bring her t;o the hospital. By that time he was getting alarmed and really understanding her danger and, after consulting her father and convincing him also, the husband told his wife that if she did not come she would die. She has been here now five days and is very much better. A clean bed, a daily bath, and a few things of similar nature have made it possible to accomplish what my treat¬ ment alone could not do. It really seems that God is going to give 11 s the blessed privilege of making her well, for which we shall be very glad. _ If she leaves us well and happy, we shall feel that some of the obstructing undergrowth is broken down and that a path is started which will some¬ time reach to the Buddhist people. When they have learned by experience that the hospital is not a dreadful place after all, and that we can supply what their bodies need they will believe that we have that also which is good for their souls. Sometime they will be led to believe that we mean to live up to the ideal that is shown in the words that are on the front of our building,—“The Son of Man came not to be ministered unto but to min¬ ister.” Martha J. Gifford. During the worst of the influenza scourge we had about as many patients as we could take care of with such inexperienced nurses. Lectures are to begin for the nurses next week. It was necessary for them to have a pretty good foundation before this work could be begun, as it is all so strange and new to them. Their natural habits, the result of slackness and all that goes with it for generations past, are not easily changed. However, they are taking hold of the work well, are interested and seem_anxious to learn and so we try to exercise patience and vigilence and inspire in them a desire to do their best. We have one interesting little fellow with us whom we may have to keep. His mother died when he was six months old and left him with no one but an aged grandfather to care for him. After three months they brought him to us in the most awful condition. He was about as thin as he could be, too weak to cry, had rickets, and to make a Jong story short there was something wrong with every part of him. He is fat now in comparison to what he was and the j oiliest, best little fellow that ever was. His people do not come to see him any more, probably because they are afraid we will ask them to take him home. We also have a very tiny baby, who was brought to us when four days old. His heathen mother died at his birth, leaving six or seven other chil¬ dren. Our Talaing pastor went to this village and hearing about the baby, adopted it after consultation with his wife. Their youngest child is nine and they have several grown up, but they want to rear this baby to be a Christian. OUR WORK IN THE ORTENT 43 Every morning at 6.30 I meet with the girls for worship before they go on duty. We are studying Exodus, trying more to draw lessons for our daily lives than to learn the details of the temple, etc. I have a jungle girl who does the hospital sewing and general housekeeping, who has had the privilege of a primary school only. She said to me a few days ago, “Oh, I am so glad to have the opportunity of studying the Bible for when I go back to the jungle I can teach my people.” Selma Maxville. ASSAM IMPORTANT FACTS Assam lies close to Tibet and West China and is one of the path¬ ways leading to Central China. (See map of British India.) The Brahmaputra river, flowing the whole length of Assam, is navigable for large steamers and forms a natural highway for an extensive commerce. Christian work is made difficult because of the primitive charac¬ ter of the country, the numerous languages and dialects used, and the lack of education among the people. In Assam there are the semi-civilized tribes of the hills, the coolies of the tea gardens, and the Hindus and Mohammedans of the river valley, among whom caste and zenana customs prevail. Less than five per cent of the people can read and write. Only one woman in three hundred and thirty can read. There is no hospital for the seven million women and children in Assam. We should provide at least one. There is no girls’ high school in our Assam Mission. The new school for girls of the plains is to be located at Golo- ghat (see map) among some of the finest tea plantations in the world. The Woman’s Bible Training School is in its first year. Build¬ ings will soon be needed and cordial support from home every day in the year. The Naga girls of Impur are to have a school of their own. They have waited long. Watch these schools grozv. ASSAM In 1836 Rev. Nathan Brown and Mr. Cutter, Baptist missionaries of Burma, made the long and hard journey north to Assam, where they estab¬ lished a mission at Sadiya under most difficult and pioneer conditions. Not until 1878 was a single woman—Miss Russell—sent to Assam. For various reasons there has never been, since that date, a sufficiently large force of women on the field to provide for a definite and continuous development of Christian work for girls and women. The extent of this work, at the pres¬ ent time, is summarized in the following report: One normal school; 5 elementary and middle schools; 2 kindergartens; 109 village schools; 1 Bible Training School (first year) ; 4 Bible women; 91 Sunday schools. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT It will be noted that there is as yet no girls’ high school, no hospital for women, no large number of girls’ elementary schools. Yet there aie tin ee to four millions of women and girls in our Assam Mission held.. A new school is now in process of establishment at Gologhat. The hospital is an urgent need as the high school will also be in the course of a very few 3 /ears. WORK FOR THE PEOPLE IN THE PLAINS GAUHATI Educational Work E. MARIE HOLMES NETTIE E. HOLMES AUGUSTA M. GEISENHENER (On furlough) Satri Bari Boarding School for Assamese and Garo Girls 30 boys—75 girls 63 in boarding department „ x- ... . 1 Sunday school Evangelistic Work 61 average attendance ISABEL WILSON 1 Bible woman So many things tend to make the running of the Boarding Department in¬ creasingly easy. One of our girls who graduated last year is helping beauti¬ fully with the younger children and with sewing; another girl whom I took as a child a few weeks after I first came to India, has helped us very nicely in caring for the sick this year when we had sore need of such help. This same girl has done most disappointing work with her books, from the very beginning. I tried her at weaving, but she ruined every piece of cloth she tried to work upon. But when she was put to helping with the sick, she took hold of the task as the thing designed for her and served lovingly and faithfully. Then a young man came a-wooing and took our. little nurse off to a government mining camp about forty-three ox-cart miles from here. Last week I had a letter from the young husband. He says that the wife we gave him is making him very happy. The bride writes that many Rabha women came to see her the night she arrived in camp, and they have, been coming to her house daily in large numbers ever since.. Many come in the evenings and Probha and her husband sing their Christian hymns for their guests. Probha says it is very difficult, as none of the women understand Assamese and she does not understand Rabha. There are. no other Chris¬ tians in or near the camp, but she has written to have the girls pray that she and her husband may be as mirrors reflecting Christ so that these Rabhas may come to love Him. Not a poor testimony for one who was generally considered to be among the least promising of the girls at Satribari. Last week I was over on the North Bank of the Brahmaputra River for a few days. The women thronged about me as children at home haunt the circus, shook hands with one hand and pressed eggs upon me with the other. In one village more than 100 women came to me, and I brought home to the boarding school more than 100 eggs collected by single contri¬ butions from individual women whom I met. I had a Sunday school class of sixty or more women and girls, none of whom could read one word from her Bible or Hymn book. These women are Christians because the OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 46 men of their families became Christian; but they know nothing about the doctrine, to say nothing of “adorning” it, as their uncombed hair, filthy clothing and unmanaged children testify. From this village of at least 250 there are two girls at Satribari, neither girl as promising as many looked to me whom I had in my Sunday school class that day. E. Marie Holmes. Just at present I am out in the district touring among our Christians. This village is located on the top of a hill, two and one-half miles high. For miles and miles around is only forest. The elephants and tigers are frequent visitors and the jungle scenery is beautiful. I have spent a week with the people of this village, and have enjoyed every minute of my stay. They are really people of the forest, plain and simple, and I think that is why they appeal to me so much. I have had several Bible classes and prayer meetings for the women, and twice gave the lantern slides for the whole village. They seemed especially affected by the pictures and I was glad I had shown them. They have a school here, but I found only five girls in it. I have been trying to get them interested in Satribari, and asked them to try to send one girl. They have one they would like to send this year, only they cannot provide her clothes and books. Miss Holmes has a rule that every girl who comes to Satribari must pay something, and her people are also to pay for her clothes and books. It is marvelous how Miss Holmes gets them to do this, but it is a blessing to the people and girls. Isabel Wilson. GOLOGHAT Educational Work E. ELIZABETH VICKLAND (at Now- gong during 1918) MAY A. NICHOLS (Language study) My head is awhirl with plans and schemes these days, because from the beginning of the new year the new school in Upper Assam, at Gologhat, is to be mine. I have been spending my spare moments drawing up plans for the buildings and have been making estimates for the cost of maintaining the work. I shall spend the first three months of the new year touring among the Christian villages stumping for the new school. I plan to open the school about the first of June. That will give time for the dormitory cottages to be built. We can live in one until our bungalow is done. We shall add a wing to the present boys’ school to begin work in. Mr. Swanson will be back and will push things. I have been very happy here in Nowgong, among these school girls, and I have especially enjoyed the work of the normal department. Our exam¬ inations come week after next,-and we are busy these days putting on fin¬ ishing touches. I shall be loath to leave Nowgong in some ways. But I am happy that I am to have so great an opportunity. I hope I may be able to measure up to it. E. Elizabeth Vickland. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 47 The people in the States do not begin to know anything about the work in Assam. My mental picture of the country was very vague and it is far more wonderful than I had ever pictured it to be. Satri Bari is ideal. I understand that the work here is only a sample of what is found in all the stations in the country. Of course the plans and work here are unique. The girls are being taught the vital things of life and at the same time are receiving a training that will fit them for the places of greatest service to their villages. May A. Nichols. NOWGONG Normal and Elementary School 233 girls—10 boys 10 native women teachers 1 native man 1 native nurse 60 of school age in boarding de¬ partment 10 under school age in boarding department Woman’s Bible Training School 5 Women 2 Bible women There are about ninety Christians, seventy Hindus and seventy-two Mo¬ hammedans in the school. The year has beeen unprecedented in regard to illness in the town. Children who were not themselves ill had to remain at home to care for others. The people in the town have reached that stage of development where they would like to have their girls remain in school even after they become purdah. If we can arrange for some kind of a conveyance I know we can get a larger number of girls to come longer. Some of the men have prom¬ ised it and said they would be willing to pay a fee! Of course the Chris¬ tian girls walk on the streets, but it is a little too much to ask of the con¬ servative Hindus just now. Some Results One of our girls, with five years in high and two years in training school, has returned and is ready to help us. Two other girls are in high school and three more plan to go this coming year, one with the intention of later studying medicine. One of our teachers has gone away to learn lace making that she may help Miss Long in the zenana work. One girl is fitting herself to help Miss Stevenson at Impur. Seven girls passed the middle vernacular examinations this year; three will take teachers’ training, three will go to high school, and one will learn hand-work so that she can open an industrial branch to the Bible school. Elizabeth E. Hay. Part time during the year two Bible women and their assistants gave four afternoons a week to zenana work. Anundi_ Kay has been employed all the year. Many Hindu homes have been visited and our messengers report willing listeners and easy access to almost every home. Tracts, Educational Work FLORENCE DOE (returned from fur¬ lough February, 1919) ELIZABETH HAY EDITH CRISENBERRY (On furlough) Evangelistic Work ANNA E. LONG 48 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT papers and little testaments are sought, sometimes sold, and if not used by one family are given to a neighbor to read, two families instead of one profiting by the printed page. We believe in some of these homes are hearts trusting in Christ, but caste and custom are iron-clad barriers that wear away gradually. The normal training department brings to us each year a number of Hindu girls, who live on our compound and share with the Christian girls FIRST YEAR CLASS WOMAN’S BIBLE TRAINING SCHOOL NOWGONG, ASSAM the privileges of our school. They come from country villages and towns all over the province and represent the middle class of Indian society. A special class for these girls has been held Sunday mornings, the latter half of the time being given to singing. Their first attempts to carry a tune proved a failure, but before the war was half gone these girls did their bit by singing at our school entertainment given for the Red Cross. Every song learned had to be memorized and thus when they have gone back to their homes and to the schools they will teach for government, carrying in their thoughts and hearts much not found in their Hindu Sastra. The year 1918 will always be known as the year in which the Woman’s Bible Training School was opened. Five pupils enrolled, but only four completed the work for the year. Two of the women are widows and two the wives of Christian men; two self-supporting, two supported by friends in America. The course is adapted to meet the need of zenana workers and teachers as they come in contact with non-Christians. More¬ over studies in hygiene and sanitation, home-nursing and care of children will enable them intelligently and helpfully to meet emergencies, suggest improvements in village communities and in other ways add to their effi¬ ciency as messengers of Christ. Anna Long. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 49 WORK FOR THE HILL TRIBES IMPUR—THE NAGAS REV. AND MRS. W. F. DOWD (1917 figures) E. MAY STEVENSON Impur Training School (Language study) 113 boys—20 girls Ever since Miss Stevenson reached Impur I have intended to write you to say how much we appreciate the great and practical interest shown by you and the Woman’s Board in sending her to us. The plans for the Woman’s work in Impur have not been fully worked out yet, but probably we shall continue for the present coeducation in the school work but give the girls separate manual training in connection with their life in the hostels. There is a fairly large Naga village right up to the western boundary of Impur. From there the compound slopes rather steeply down to the school house and then the path runs comparatively level to the Longwell bunga¬ low. Behind the Longwell place is a higher ridge with room enough for a good compound, but this is not occupied by any buildings and below it, at a distance of about a quarter of a mile, there is another large village. This ridge is narrow and the slope on either side is very steep. There is probably room enough there for the girls’ plant, but we all feel that it is too isolated from the other bungalows and too far from the school house. The Longwell bungalow is the most centrally located of all and has the easiest path to the school house; besides there is abundant room, well located for hostels and other necessary buildings including a school house if it should be decided later that a separate school for the girls is preferable. If this site is taken for the Woman’s work, we hope to have a new bungalow built on the ridge mentioned above for the missionary family. W. F. Dowd. We left San Francisco on September 14 on the S. S. Nanking. While * in Japan I stayed in Tokyo and there felt the first earthquake of my ex¬ perience. We touched Hongkong, Singapore, Penang, Deli and Sumatra. We handled Japanese, Chinese, English and Dutch moneys before we reached Rangoon on November 12, with many interesting experiences in exchange. From Rangoon to Calcutta is a few days’ sailing and we were then soon on our way north to Gauhati, the largest village in Assam. I had my first ox-cart ride soon after reaching there, and it is an experi¬ ence that will linger long in my memory. I wanted to go twenty miles and left at 11 :30 P. M., ariving at my destination the next morning at 10:30. The ox-cart has just two wheels and by moving quietly one can keep from tipping backward, but I did not know that so when we stopped once I found the back end of the cart on the ground and the contents sliding down. Now I am nicely settled at Impur, some hundreds of miles north of Gauhati. E. May Stevenson. MANIPUR STATE—MANIPURIS AND NAGAS DR. AND MRS. G. G. CROZIER 1 Bible woman Kaboklei, the Bible woman—a Manipuri—(see 1917 Work in the Orient, page 64) told me a few weeks ago that there were lots of the Manipuri 50 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT women that wanted to become Christians. The widow of the late Band Master of the Maharaja’s band told me yesterday for about an hour of her conversation in answering the questions of the Maharaja and of the Maharani about Christianity and the reasons why she was not willing to give it up. And her brother—a Kom Naga—the Major Bugler of the Maharaja, told me a few weeks ago in an hour’s conversation of his an¬ swers to Maharaja as to the faith that is in him. Reichumhao told me recently, before he went to work in one of the labor corps, that there is now a large number of Tangkhul Nagas preparing to become Christians and even many that are definitely under training for it! The Maharani told at least two European ladies here that she would like to become a Christian and does not like the yoke of their priests. G. G. Crozier. NORTH LAKHIMPUR—COOLIE IMMIGRANTS REV. JOHN FIRTH 9 Village schools 52 girls—103 boys 9 native men teachers 18 Sunday schools 680 average attendance 24 baptisms In Doolahat, our oldest and best school, the same teacher has been faith¬ fully working these many years. His wife, a quiet, helpful little woman, educated in the Nowgong Boarding School, recently died of influenza, leaving a flock of little children. For years she has taught a class of thirty- five in the Sunday school for love of her Saviour. She will be much missed in this land where educated and capable men and women refuse to teach unless paid for so doing. At Puthimara, where the church is composed of people recently con¬ verted from heathenism, I sent a boy from an old Christian village to teach school. Shortly after the dacoit uprising took place. Most of the Chris¬ tians joined the dacoits when they came through the village hundreds, strong, including our boy teacher, who did not realize what he was doing. I had difficulty afterwards keeping him out of jail, and his old father came from his village and whipped his son with a cane. Since he has taught a fine school and the Christian men of Puthimara have restored all the goods which they looted during the excitement. All have learned some valuable lessons. Rev. J. Firth. SADIYA—ABORS AND MIRIS . Boarding and Day School 32 boys—31 girls 1 native man teacher 2 native women teachers REV. AND MRS. L. W. B. JACKMAN Town da y school 5 boys—20 girls 1 native woman teacher 1 Sunday school 64 average attendance The school is doing well. My teachers have signed an agreement to remain another year and that relieves me, for I feared I might have to hunt new teachers and Nowgong had none for any of us this year. oijr work in the orient 51 I opened a bazaar school last year and this in addition to all my work here keeps me busy. I have a Nowgong Junior Training girl as teacher there and she is a jewel. We have twenty in daily attendance, mostly Bengali Babus’ children. I am called the Lady Superintendent. There is no girls’ government school here so, al¬ though I am requested not to teach Bible, still, it is a great opening for us. I go up every two days at least; and when the teach¬ er is ill I have to teach from 11 A. M. until 3 P. M. I was there last Friday all day and find it very tiring for the children are such wrigglers; most of them are first and sec¬ ond standard. I have a big girl in the fifth also. I am personally teaching her sewing and drawing. I shall send up a big class this year in sewing. I had one girl try the Government Examination in sewing this year and she passed quite well. I feel encouraged to go on now. This school work is very interest¬ ing. We had a very hard time for a month in October and November, when the influenza epidemic was at its height, and -had the empty bungalow across the road full of pa¬ tients ; some very ill with double pneumo¬ nia, but we nursed them night and day giv¬ ing them nourishment every two hours, with only one compounder to help us. I gave the baths, changed beds, and did day duty mostly, Mr. Jackman and the com¬ pounder taking night duty. Yesterday I got a new girl for the Boarding school, a dear little child, a girl of five. Her mother has run away and left two little children and the father is very ill at the hospital. After we scrubbed her well and dressed her up in new, clean clothing she looked so pretty. She is the youngest child we have and the matron has taken a real interest in her. The girls wish to name her Mercy. Today she has fever. I must go now and doctor her. Mrs. L. W. B. Jackman. SIBSAGOR—TEA-GARDEN IMMIGRANTS CHARLOTTE A. WRIGHT, NEW YORK Graduate N. Y. State College for Teachers, Albany; Gordon Bible College, Boston Appointed to Assam REV. J. PAUL 8 Village schools 41 girls—120 boys 8 native men teachers 8 Sunday schools 230 average attendance 16 baptisms We are working almost entirely with a people who have very little if any taste for education. It is an uphill and fluctuating work. By that I mean that schools open and “shut up shop” just as it pleases the village people to take their boys and girls out to work in the fields, care for the cattle, etc. For some weeks I have had a man out stirring up the people and especially 52 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT teaching the teachers how to run mission schools on government principles, arranging for school committees in each village, dealing with delinquent, indifferent or ignorant parents, working up more enthusiasm on the sub¬ ject of education generally and particularly for girls, and seeing that teachers’ reports are all O.K. Although we have no glaring, showy schools, we have many evidences of the usefulness of those we have. We know that many boys have gone to high schools from them; many girls have gone to Nowgong and Gauhati, and some of them have gone back to their villages to be a blessing and help to the whole community. Two of our Sibsagor girls were here yesterday, who have got all that Nowgong can give them. They are modest, well- dressed, polite, cheerful, and I think thankful for what the Woman’s So¬ ciety has done for them. If I were to be asked to define the difference between these two girls and those of Sibsagor who went to the government girls’ school, I should say first, quiet self-possession, then gentleness and freedom of spirit and speech without boldness. Their behavior in church during an hour and a half service was perfect, while the Sibsagor girls were very restless. Rev. J. Paul. TURA—THE GAROS Educational Work MISS ELLA C. BOND Boarding and Day School 27 girls in dormitory REV. F. W. HARDING 92 Village schools 1553 boys—541 girls > 96 native teachers Evangelistic and General Work 95 men—1 woman LINNIE M. HOLBROOK 63 Sunday schools 2416 average attendance 432 baptisms (for the the whole field) A whole year has passed since I reached Tura again after my furlough. I have had the care of the girls, and as I have been away two school years there were very few among them whom I had known before, and it took me some time to get acquainted with them. They were nearly all Christian girls in name, but some of them have not yet learned to tell the truth always and under all circumstances, and so they got into trouble. As a result three of them will not come back to finish their course in school here. 1 hey broke a rule and then persistently denied it, even in the face of evidence. It seems hard for them to believe that “He that covereth his transgressions shall not prosper; but whoso confesseth and forsaketh them shall obtain m We had a visitation of the influenza in its first and less virulent round and all but four of the girls were victims, but all recovered. In the school work I have had nothing but the sewing classes. 1 have read proof and debated translations, looked out references, and typed for the press manuscripts that were interlined and deleted and marked for transposition until they looked formidable in spots. But I always did enjoy 8e i t Tiave l, iiad Z the S mother’s class in Sunday school and have enjoyed it. Most of the mothers have babies whom they bring along and it makes OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 53 things lively. We have been studying Exodus in Sunday school, because it was a recently published portion, and we have found some very helpful things in it. Ella C. Bond. Our teachers are few of them really permanent, by that I mean very few have adopted teaching as a life work. The salary is not sufficient for a married man and his wife to live on without resorting to some other means to eke out the scanty pay. This explains why teaching so far has presented few attractions to Garo young men as a life work. Here is where we are tumbling down sadly in our work, and I hope that we shall soon be able to offer living wages to our teachers, even though it means fewer schools. I believe we shall get better work done in the long run. One feature of the village school work to which I have been giving more attention lately than formerly has been the organization of school commit¬ tees in each village which is made responsible for its own school. Even though there are sometimes no literate men in the village, I am placing the responsibility upon the leading men, even though illiterate. The respon¬ sibility itself has its value in training these people for greater service and independence later on. Last year three schools were established in villages almost under the shadow of Chikmang, the sacred mountain of the Garos to which the spirits of the dead report. F. W. Harding. INDIA IMPORTANT FACTS India is the home of many peoples and many religions. Here is found one-fifth of the human race divided into over 2,000 races, speaking 20 main languages and over 500 dialects. Ninety-two per cent of the people live in villages ; they are farm¬ ers. So deep is the poverty of India that 40 million people lie down hungry every night. Among the 300 million people there are only 1,200 Englishmen, including military officers. Nearly every subordinate position is held by Indians. Seventy million are outcastes who have never questioned nor rebelled. Human life is of little value in India. Hinduism has. 207,147,000 adherents Mohammedanism. 62,458,000 adherents Buddhism . 9,477,000 adherents Protestant Christianity . . . 1,472,448 adherents There are 315 million Hindu deities. In Hinduism, custom, law and religion are synonymous. Caste is a divine institution which divides the people into a hundred thousand classes, no two of which may intermarry. Only one man in 10, only one woman in 144, can read and write. There are nearly half a million scholars in the mission schools of India. Yet there are 28 million young people of school age without educational opportunity. The nature of woman is impure, dishonest, heartless, malicious and naturally bad. She is worse than most animals, more poison¬ ous than the poison vipers.— (From the Sacred Book of the Hin¬ dus.) 40,000,000 2,273,245 243,502 27,000,000 6,000,000 14,000 women secluded in zenanas wives under ten years wives under five years widows—one woman in six widows under fourteen years widows under four years The keys to the wrongs of the Indian women are Hinduism and Mohammedanism. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 55 There are 4,614 missionaries of all denominations in India. “In the shock and impact of these two souls—the soul of Chris¬ tianity and the soul of Hinduism, the soul of Europe and the soul of Asia, one beholds the modern drama of India.” “The Lidit of Asia.” Nellore was opened in 1840 and was the first permanent station in the Baptist Mission. SOUTH INDIA There are 6,500,000 Telugu. Tamil and Moslem people in our South India mission, which includes portions of the Madras presidency and the native state of Hyderabad, often called the Deccan. Of this number at least three million are women and children. Dr. and Mrs. Day were the pioneer missionaries and in 1840 arrived at Nellore. Miss Peabody was the first single woman to be sent out, opening a school for girls in 1872 at Ramapatnam. India is a hard field, but in spite of all the difficulties there have been many remarkable results, proving that it is also one of the most fruitful mission fields in the world. As far as statistics go, this is in brief the extent of the woman’s work for 1918: One Union Christian College for Women; 1 Union Medical College for Women; 1 Girls’ High School; 1 Normal School for Girls; 1 Bible Train¬ ing School; 52 Elementary and Middle Schools; 374 Village Schools; 7 Hospitals; 9 Dispensaries; 1 Nurses’ Training School; 391 Sunday Schools; 157 Bible Women. India is today hard pressed, being greatly depleted in its missionary force, and in need of larger appropriations for the work already so well started and in order to be in a position to meet the opportunities of this new day. Many of the caste, people are giving unusual attention to the word of God and there are indications of a mass movement among the Sudras. The woman’s medical work especially needs help. A strong unit of women physicians and nurses on the field at the earliest possible moment is the only way by which a critical situation may be met. ALLUR In charge of station REV. CHARLES RUTHERFORD ^ Early in the year a terrible scourge of cholera broke out in Allur. The Erukala settlement and the Christian village suffered heavily, but not quite so badly as some other communities there, for they had Christian nursing and decent burial, which many, especially the Yanadis, failed to secure. During the scourge small fires were kindled each night in front of the Hindu houses and in the entrance to the streets to ward off the “pestilence that walketh in darkness and the destruction that wasteth at noonday.” Most of the cases were seized at night and if not promptly attended to and carefully watched and nursed, the next day about noon would find them past recovery. So fearful were the people of the demons that stalk about OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 56 after dark, that all houses were closed shortly after nightfall, and very few, if seized by the disease in the night, could find means to report to the teachers. When the pestilence was at its worst, Mrs. Rutherford came to Allur to help me nurse some of the children of the Christian village back to life. For days we did nothing but watch symptoms, pour cholera mixture to those attacked, and nourish the convalescing. Mrs. Rutherford went right into their houses, bathed and fed with her own hands several of the chil¬ dren, and was rewarded by seeing them recover. The Allur people seem very grateful for this and we are glad for the happy results. Charles Rutherford. ATMAKUR REV. AND MRS. W. C. OWEN Elementary School 23 boys—15 girls 1 Bible woman Miriam, a pupil teacher who had shown some aptitude in helping me with the kindergarten, I sent for a term’s training with Miss French in Nellore. This left me understaffed when school opened, but I called in the wife of our cook, who was educated in Nellore and who loves children and their songs and games. We had thirteen little tots in the kindergarten, just as sweet and attractive as children can be when they are interested, in their work. The kindergarten work is so different from anything the children of India are accustomed to that under its influence they develop into quite different little people from their neighbors. Little children in India ordi¬ narily sit about for hours at a time in a listening manner and most of them never learn to play; but these kindergarten children soon take on a lively appearance. The pathetic monotony seems to be gone and they are alert to see what of interest is coming next. In July we had Miriam back from Nellore. Miss French must have given much time and effort personally to her, for she seemed to have caught Miss French’s spirit, both from the educational and spiritual point of view. Our one paid Bible woman and two volunteers, who do almost as much work, were kept from their regular duties by the influenza and three other epidemics which raged in all the surrounding villages, two of cholera and one of small-pox. During the early months of the year, however, they did faithful and earnest work, winning friends for themselves and for their Master and as a result a few people are now awaiting baptism; two caste women and perhaps a dozen Madigas. Mrs. W. C. Owen. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 57 BAPATLA (1917 figures) Boarding and Day School 217 boys—16 girls 9 native teachers 8 men—1 woman REV. AND MRS. A. H. CURTIS 42 Village schools 861 boys—450 girls 52 native teachers 36 men—16 women 42 Sunday schools 7 baptisms 10 Bible women The annual commencement of the Training School was held March 22 to 27. Friday night, the 22d, the boys of the Junior Christian Endeavor gave a very interesting program in the school hall. One of the most pleas¬ ing features of the program was the reciting of John 3-16 in many different languages, winding up with a concert recitation in Telugu. The secretary read a very interesting report of the work of the society, whose members are composed of the boys in the Model School. Saturday afternoon Rev. and Mrs. A. H. Curtis gave a reception for the seniors in the mission bungalow, which was a very pleasant affair. The boys, Hindu and Christian, entered heartily into the games, and, after partaking of the excellent refreshments provided by the hostess, took leave. Sunday morning the seniors, numbering fifty-one, marched into the Gos¬ pel Hall and sat in a body. The class this year is larger than the class of last year, the strength being fifteen higher and thirty-six lower grade men. Baptist Missionary Review. CUMBUM Boarding and Day School 111 boys—30 girls 8 native teachers 6 men—2 women Day school 52 girls 2 native women teachers 80 Village schools REV. AND MRS. JOHN NEWCOMB 750 boys—300 girls 90 native teachers 60 men—30 women 81 Sunday schools 1200 average attendance 46 baptisms 11 Bible women The little Hindu Girls’ School in the town of Cumbum continues to be a bright spot in our work. The teachers love the children and they love them in return. The children know many of the Bible stories, sing our hymns, and bow their heads in the morning prayer and Bible reading. Some who were once little girls in our school are now mothers; but they still remember the Christian truths taught them and always are delighted to welcome the teachers to their homes. 58 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT The India women hear the Gospel Story with much interest everywhere and many of them tell us they have no more faith in their idols of wood and stone. These people are most friendly and we look for a break among them soon. Many of them seem to be near the Kingdom. Yesterday we went to a Christian village and found a little company of Christians who are, oh! so poor, with hardly enough clothes to cover their thin bodies. But you would have rejoiced had you been there to see how nicely they conducted the prayer meeting and sang the hymns, and one of the poor fellows in his beautiful prayer told the Lord that we had been sent to this country to preach the Gospel to the whole world. Of course his village meant the whole world to him. Mrs. John Newcomb. DONAKONDA REV. AND MRS. J. A. CURTIS School for Girls 54 girls 2 native women teachers School for Boys 63 boys—2 girls 4 native teachers 3 men—1 woman 40 Sunday schools (in entire field) 731 average attendance 159 baptisms (53 from schools) 3 Bible women Our girls school began in June with two well-qualified teachers and we soon had the largest attendance yet recorded. The headmistress is taking all the work except the first standard. This gives the second teacher charge of a^ large class of little folks who are all making rapid progress. The boys’ school is still in crowded quarters and the attendance has been irreg¬ ular. The head-master is the only one of the four teachers who has been able to be at his post throughout the year. Small-pox and influenza kept the other teachers and many of the pupils away from their work for several weeks. We had to dismiss the school early in December on account of cholera. Two of our boys died in spite of all we could do. When we first came to the Donakonda field we began to inquire for young women, preferably widows, to take training for village Bible woman s work, but no one seemed to desire it. Last February a man brought his widowed daughter and her little girl to us and asked us to take them for the school. In a few days another desirable young woman asked if she might go to the school. In May the Mala priest, who was baptized, brought his daughter and asked us to take her. She wanted to be a Chris¬ tian and soon asked for baptism, and that her name be changed to Martha. From the day she entered the school Martha has been a joy to us. Her bright, cheerful disposition and her willingness to help make her a favorite with all. Not long after Martha entered the school two other widows were received, making five in all. We received these women in faith, well know¬ ing we were without funds for their support. The five, with the illiterate wife of our colporteur, make a class of six with Ruth as the teacher. They take the regular work of the girls’ school with extra Bible and story telling. Only one of the six could read when they entered the school. The work of the three Bible women has been faithfully performed OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 59 through the year. When I am in camp they are with me. During the tour in January, February and March they were tireless in their work. We fre¬ quently took the gramaphone to some central place in the Sudra palem in the afternoons when we would have large crowds to listen, but that alone would not hold them. The picture roll with the Bible stories drew them. In many of the night meetings the people asked the Bible women to sing for them. Mrs. J. A. Curtis. GADVAL REV. AND MRS. THORLEIF WATHNE Station Day School 1 boy—3 girls 1 native woman teacher 4 Village schools 53 boys—17 girls 4 native teachers 3 men—1 woman 3 Sunday schools 80 average attendance 2 baptisms In July last we opened a small boarding school in Gadval; it opened well and for a time we had fourteen children. Then one day a woman relative of some of the pupils came to see them. Early the next morning she and four of the children disappeared. Then came the Christmas holidays when all the children went home. While they were in their villages influenza broke out, and only four children returned. We then considered it too expensive to run a boarding school for so few. I he larger children weie sent to Kurnool, and the others went home. One of the considerations which led us to close the boarding school was that the village schools could not send a sufficient number of qualified pupils to make it worth while to keep the boarding school going. If theie- fore we are able to strengthen the village school work it means that we are laying the foundations for a boarding school. In the Gadval district, with its more than 200 villages and towns, of which four have a population of from six to twelve thousand people each, there is not one single recognized school,—Hindu, Mohammedan or Chris¬ tian. We earnestly ask you to pray for this field. The work to be done seems overwhelming. , Tr Tuapt tttt? W ATTTNF. GURZALLA Caste Girls’ School 40 girls 3 native teachers. 2 men—1 woman (No report received.) 60 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT HANUMAKONDA Boarding and Day School 37 boys—17 girls 6 native teachers 3 men—3 women 9 Village schools 92 boys—46 girls 9 native teachers 2 men—7 women 21 Sunday schools 275 average attendance 47 baptisms 2 Bible women Victory Memorial Hospital and Two Dispensaries 4 native nurses 1 assistant 109 in-patients 5401 out-patients Patients came from 1101 different vil¬ lages and towns In our report last year we mentioned Rachel, the little caste girl who had been sold as a slave and who came to us for protection in September. After some anxiety as to whether or not we could keep her, she finally settled into our school and began to learn to read. By the aid of the summer school she now enters the first standard. She is very happy, and though only twelve years of age has given remarkable witness of her new faith. The last days of December a Sudra girl of eighteen years, Narsamma, broke away from her people and caste, and came to be one of us. She, too, was anxious to learn to read and faithful in any work, however menial, assigned to her. In February her mother came from her distant village to see her only daughter and try to persuade her to return to her home and former faith. Entreaty, tears, anger, threats, all failed. When she saw her daughter living with our Christian girls, helping to cook the food, eat¬ ing and drinking with them, she was both grieved and angry. Finally little Rachel, who had come from even higher caste, slipped up to the storming woman and said, “Amma, your daughter is happy, well cared for, and is learning to read. She will make much more of herself here than in her village. Why are you angry? What does caste amount to, any way? In¬ stead of being angry it would be better if you too would come and learn to love the Lord Jesus Christ.” The mother would neither eat nor drink in our compound. We sent out to her caste people and bought food, and gave her a bed in our ward where there were only Brahmin patients. She spurned, the offer of bed and blanket, and lay all night on the cold stone floor .without cover, though the nights at that season were cold. Next morning we talked to her for two hours before she started back alone to her village. We gave her some rice to cook for herself on the way back. As she was starting her daughter said to her, “Amma, if you will come with joy come often to see me, but if you are coming only to make trouble for me and the missionaries please do not come at all, for I will never go back to the old life.” As she left, our hearts were sorrowful for the haugthy, disappointed mother, and our prayers have followed her. When we came to the Hills we had many misgivings as to the wisdom of leaving two caste girls in the station under the protection of an evan- Educational and Evangelistic Work REV. AND MRS. CHARLES RUTHERFORD Medical Work REV. J. S. TIMPANY, M. D. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 61 gelist and his wife. The following extract from a letter from this evan¬ gelist brought great joy to our hearts: “Narsamma’s mother, who came here once, came with two women and a child, to see her daughter. When I found that their coming here is only to see Narsamma I allowed them to speak to her. They were here for a day. This time I supplied rice and they used our dishes to cook in and our plates to eat from. This change shows that they also are coming nearer and nearer to Jesus. When we taught them the life of Jesus Christ they heard it gently and willingly and said, ‘This is the best religion !’ One of them said she would come back to hear the Gospel.” Mrs. J. S. Timpany. Three epidemics have visited us,—plague in the early part of the year, cholera in the hot season, and influenza during the last quarter. These epidemics added long hours to our busy days in the dispensary and out¬ patient work, and cut down seriously the number of in-patients in our wards. As soon as plague came to a street or part of the town, houses were evacuated, many people fled to other parts of the country where the dread epidemic had no hold, while those who must stay went into thatch huts far from the town in the open country. Many shops were closed, business was practically at a standstill, and people avoided coming into the stricken town. This also emptied our wards and cut down our daily dispensary attendance. On the other hand it kept us busy with inoculations. Three days a week were set apart especially for this work, and people came from miles around the country to be inoculated. Some days we inoculated more than 200 people. Besides the work done here we made trips to other sta¬ tions of our mission and inoculation had a place on the program of the monthly workers’ meetings, as well as the same service being rendered to many villagers thereabouts. It also added much to our out-patient work visiting plague-stricken homes. The word influenza needs no explanation. We have worked through many epidemics of cholera and two of plague, but we have never seen such abject misery as accompanied influenza in these villages. Whole families were laid low in such swift succession that there was no one to care for or even to cook, feed or give water or medicine to the sick ones. In some vil¬ lages there were none left with strength enough to dig graves, and the bodies of the dead were thrown into wells. The starved condition of the people, ow¬ ing to famine conditions, left them no reserve strength with which to resist the disease. Complications of all sorts followed. Where victims were near enough that we got their cases from the start, we were able to combat the disease. Of neglected cases,—coming after pneumonia or other complica¬ tions had set in, the death rate was very heavy. Calls for help came to us from all parts of the country. With the aid of the motorcycle we were able to respond to some of these, and bring relief to many. . • But here, too, our numbers of in-patients were, seriously cut down be¬ cause of this epidemic. People flocked to us begging to be taken into our wards. Had we had a staff immune from disease, we might have done, a large in-patient work. As it was, one after another of the staff became ill and it was with the greatest difficulty we were able to care for them, and a few of the most serious cases from the field workers, in our wards. We were forced to either close our wards or our dispensary. In fact, our staff became so depleted that we had to close for a time either our small dis- OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT G2 pensary at Jangaon or our larger work here. It was with heavy hearts that we closed the small dispensary for about three weeks, leaving many suffer¬ ing ones without help. J. S. Timpany. KANDUKURU In charge of station LUCY H. BOOKER 15 Village schools 400 boys—100 girls 15 native teachers 9 men—6 women 15 Sunday schools 279 baptisms 4 Bible women Near a large temple where the Christian message had met with an un¬ welcome hearing heretofore, and where the preacher of that field did not want us to go, we met with a kind reception and the priest, pujaris and the one hundred widows confined there listened attentively and some of them shed tears when the picture of the crucifixion was shown. One morning one of our teachers came bringing a nice looking girl whom the German missionaries had had in their boarding school saying her people had gone back into heathenism and that unless I took her she would go bad. As it is almost impossible to care for a young girl on tour I refused to take her, but the next day when she came again I consented to let her remain and put her in care of a teacher in the Mission compound to be taught Bible and other lessons. She was a nice girl and all our people loved her. After some weeks when the Bible woman who was touring with me was obliged to go home I sent for her to keep me company. Soon after she came I was surprised to see her talking to a big crowd of people, who seemed very much interested. Without appearing to notice her I worked nearer expect¬ ing to hear some interesting Indian story and was very much pleased to dis¬ cover that it was Bible tales she was telling them. She proved to be a most delightful Bible story teller and I was unspeakably thankful I had not turned her away. In a village where there are some very earnest Christians there came with the crowd a superior looking girl, who listened attentively to our teaching until some one came and called her away. She came a number of times and always was followed and taken away. When I inquired about her they told me she was a matongi or wife of the Idol. Her mother had sold her for less than $7. The sins of all the people from every caste had been laid upon her and she cleansed them by spitting in the face of people from the Brahmins down to the lowest outcastes. The life she lives is hell on earth worse than that of any bad woman in our own country, for there is no escape, humanly speaking, and still she meets with our Christians for prayer and longs for deliverance. I wish a number who may have suffi¬ cient faith would unite in prayer for this miserable prisoner. Lucy H. Booker. Note: As the Kandukuru field is to be turned over to the Telugu Conference and is to he worked by the Indian Christians, Miss Booker is to be transferred to Podili. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 63 KANIGIRI REV. GEORGE H. BROCK 2 Boarding and Day Schools 72 boys—27 girls 10 native teachers 8 men—2 women 2 Town Day Schools 55 boys—10 girls 3 native teachers 1 man—2 women 5 Village schools 66 boys—32 girls 5 native teachers 4 men—1 woman 6 Sunday schools 262 average attendance 10 Bible women As all of the girls in our boarding school have finished the course here they have been sent to Ongole and to Nellore for higher education. How¬ ever, the school has been continued and we have at present forty children, outsiders, attending the girls’ school. The work this year has been carried on under many difficulties. On account of the cholera and the influenza, the school has had to be closed at two different times during the last six months. On account of the increased cost of the grain I have had to re¬ duce the number of boys, as I wanted to avoid debt. So we have twenty in the Boarding Department. We have also a dozen boys from the Podili field. We notice now that the boys are all very small. For many years the boys were practically young men. But now we are getting little boys. This shows improvement in our work of a very decided character. The new school building which the Woman’s Board so kindly provided was opened in March last by Prof. L. E. Martin. At a public gathering of the citizens of the town very many warm words of appreciation were spoken and communications have already been sent to the Board expressing their thankfulness. Not only have you given us the school building, but you have provided the desks sufficient to give a seat to each one in the school. . .... . The Bible women have continued to do their work in their usual quiet and efficient manner. These hold a peculiar place in the work in India. There is a place for them that none others can hold. G. H. Brock. KAVALI—THE EURUKALA SETTLEMENT Boarding and Day School 189 boys—153 girls 16 native teachers 9 men—7 women Sunday school 1000 average attendance 5 Bible women It hardly seems right to begin a report with such a distressing word as disease. But a report must be true to fact, and so the record stands as a bad year. No spot in the world seemed to escaped the “flu ’ and of course Educational Work E. GRACE BULLARD 04 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT our schools came in for their share. October was a month spent in pour¬ ing ^medicines down people’s throats. November brought the monsoon rains followed by relapses, pneumonia and dysentery. December found us battling cholera. For the first time in many years we had this dread disease in our compound. And just before Christmas we lost one of our brightest girls with it. But our hearts are comforted in the knowledge that she loved Jesus and was not afraid to die. So much disease and death has made, the people thoughtful and sober, and we have faith to believe that the silver lining of the dark cloud will soon be turned inside out. Our death record for the year, namely fifteen children, is the highest in the history of the school. Epidemics in all the villages broke up the Bible women’s touring. Then the pandemic upset, first our teachers, then our pupils. The heavy rains made it impossible to meet in our leaky sheds and houses, and then vacation came. No brilliant report can be given of lessons learned and examinations passed. Even Sunday school was upside down for a month and more. We take heart in the thought that we were not the only ones in the world that were disorganized. Despite the troubles of the year, the strength of the school has remained about the same. The staff has had but few changes, the most important addition being the return of our former Headmaster, who had left us for a year. The school has been divided into two sections so that one division of the pupils is out working while the other is in school and in* the after¬ noons these sections exchange places. In this way we economize somewhat in teaching staff and also get more time for hand work. In patriotism there has been some growth. The daily salute to the Union Jack, the singing of the national, anthem, and the school service flag have all helped to teach the children a little about loyalty. A very few have dared to venture into the service of their country and are now overseas. But Indians are not over-daring, and we feel that our young men have lost a great opportunity in not volunteering for active service. A class in mili¬ tary drill, taught by an English Staff Sergeant, has improved the discipline and physique of the boys. Spiritually there has been growth though no outward fruit has been gathered. There are several boys and girls praying earnestly that God will melt the hearts of sin-hardened parents, and we are praying with them. For the coming year our motto is to “Do and Dare Depending upon God’s Power.” E. Grace Bullard. KURNOOL REV. W. A. STANTON 2 Boarding and Day Schools 25 boys—66 girls 10 native teachers 6 women—4 men 2 Day schools 120 boys—110 girls 8 native teachers 4 men—4 women Sunday school 175 average attendance 11 baptisms 3 Bible women The station schools which are supported by the Woman’s Board contin¬ ued their good work during the year. The Boys’ Elementary School, sit- OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 65 uated in the heart of the town, and patronized by all classes,—Hindus, Mohammedans, and Christians,—continues to serve as a feeder to the High School. The Caste Girls’ School sadly misses the watchful care and lov¬ ing presence of Mrs. Stanton, but the teachers have done their best and continue to hold their pupils in spite of many rival schools in the town. It OLIVE E. JONES, NEW YORK Graduate Syracuse University. Appointed to South India ETHEL A. MASALES, ILLINOIS Graduate Wheaton College and Moody Bible Institute. Ap¬ pointed to South India is really surprising with what loyalty and devotion these little ones—all from Hindu homes—attend our school, all the teachers of which are Chris¬ tian women. The seed is falling into good ground, and we doubt not in the days to come it will spring up and bear much fruit. An important change was made in the staff of the Boarding Girls’ School by removing the Hindu Head Master and appointing Mrs. Grace Naidu as Head Mistress. She had been acting as Head Mistress of our Caste Girls’ School, but feeling that she could render a much more important service in the Boarding Girls’ School in training and educating our Christian girls, we transferred her to this latter post. She is a highly qualified and gifted woman, being a trained Matriculate and a most efficient teacher and withal a very, devoted Christian woman. She has taken hold of the work with enthusiasm and has already put her impress on the school. W. A. Stanton. JANGAON Boarding and Day School REV. AND MRS. J. PENNER 5 Village schools Bible women The influenza epidemic, which spread over all India, entered our com¬ pound. At first a few children got it, then the teachers of the school, so OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT GG that we had to close the school, and after three days all in the compound, —with the exception of our family and one woman,—succumbed to the disease. Medical help was scarce. Soon I was attacked, too, and conse¬ quently the whole burden fell on Mrs. Penner. Now you will easily under¬ stand that it was too much for her, because to look after some eighty-five patients is not only hard but impossible. She became ill and there was no other way but to take her on the next train to the Hanamakonda Hospital. Ill as I was I had to go with her and then had to hurry back to Jangaon that very night. Now almost all are up and about again, but all are like “walking shadows.” Because the rains have failed almost entirely a severe heat is prevailing, which is very heavy for us to bear just now. J. A. Penner. MADIRA Boarding and Day School 18 boys—10 girls 2 native teachers 1 man—1 woman 31 Village schools 480 boys—185 girls REV. AND MRS. R. S. WALLIS 32 native teachers 22 men—10 women 29 Sunday schools 725 average attendance 39 baptisms 3 Bible women The Boarding School has not been quite as large as last year. The in¬ fluenza came into our midst and broke up the school for several weeks, and we had to make an effort to get the children back. There was no grain to be bought in this section, so again we were compelled to stop work. After the children had gotten home we coujd not get them back. Further, you know the policy is not to admit boys without fees. This was hard for them this year because of the hard times. But if we had done it, it would have meant that we would have been compelled to admit all without fees and this would, in the long run, prove detrimental to the aim of the station which is self-supporting as far as possible. Yet, in spite of the smaller numbers, good work has been done. At vacation time the children were asked to tell the Gospel story, or some verse, to some heathen child. It would have made you rejoice to hear those children after they returned from vacation give their experiences. It has been a fight all the time to secure grain and now the price is double what it was last year. There is one thing we have noticed in regard to the village schools, i. e., in the villages where we have teachers the morale of the villages is raised considerably. The backsliding into heathenism has been where we were not able to place teachers. Our field is ripe unto harvest. We have over two hundred awaiting bap- tism. . . The hardest thing for us this year is to be compelled to leave this field, rich with opportunities and possibilities, and turn our faces westward. It has been hard to see that this was the best thing. But since I came from the Hills, and even since last February, I have not been in a condition to do the work which I love to do. Robert S. Wallis. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 6? THE WOMEN’S CHRISTIAN COLLEGE, MADRAS, INDIA _ In these past four years of war four union institutions for higher educa¬ tion of women have come into being: The Women’s Christian College, Madras; Ginling College, Nanking, China; the Woman’s Christian Col¬ lege, Japan, and the Medical School for Women, Vellore, India. In none of these centers could Baptists alone have furnished a body of students, the faculty, or funds for a denominational college. In Madras College we find a striking example of unity and cooperation. We have here international affiliation, for Great Britain unites with America through six Boards, including those of the Church of England and the Established Church of Scotland, with other well-known societies. These Boards fur¬ nish one-half the support, a president, and one-half the faculty, while six Boards in America furnish the other half. India has entered the cooperative effort this year through the govern¬ ment, and gives a generous grant-in-aid to the college. The growth has been most encouraging. The College opened in July, 1915. It has now a body of one hundred students and graduated its first class of thirteen young Indian women with the B. A. degree last June. As they received their diplomas a great cheer went up from the assembled multitude to welcome this new battalion of Christian women leaders for India. We are glad that Baptists have been able to contribute their full share in this enterprise, and through the legacy of Mrs. John D. Rockefeller were able to give the first beautiful home for this college. Our representative on the faculty is Miss Olive Sarbar, who received her Ph. D. at Chicago University. Send to Literature Department for illustrated booklet entitled, “The Women’s Christian College, Madras, India.” Price, ten cents. MADRAS Educational Work JULIA E. BENT (On furlough) ELBERTA F. CHUTE DR. W. L. FERGUSON Evangelistic Work MRS. W. L. FERGUSON Of our two girls’ schools, Washermanpet, in spite of all obstacles and difficulties, has been a source of joy and satisfaction because of the steady, quiet progress and the good quality of the work done by the teachers, the eagerness and interest of the pupils, the balancing hand and firm control of our efficient head master. A comely young matron came forward and spoke to Mrs. Ferguson after the exercises this Christmas and told us that she had attended this school as a child and now she was sending her little daughter. Our Sunday schools, seven in number, one in connection with each school and one at the bungalow on Sunday afternoons for the children of Chris¬ tians who attend the Day Memorial Telugu service, are an important part of the work. I wish I could give you a picture of the one in Konditope, 6 City Day Schools 167 boys—305 girls 26 native teachers 12 men—14 women 7 Sunday schools 365 average attendance 2 Village schools 10 Bible women OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 68 which I attended last Sunday. Konditope, by the way, is a community com¬ posed of scavenger and sweeper class, the outcastes of the outcastes.. There was a class of fourteen women taught by a Bible woman, all listening eagerly to what she had to say. In one corner on the floor sat a class of twenty little girls taught by another Bible woman. Elbert a Chute. A very decided innovation took place the first of October, at the begin¬ ning of the new financial year, when the payment of all salaries was handed over to a committee of the Bible women, chosen by themselves. They have charge of settling salaries, attending to all requests for leave, and for making division of the work. It is a big responsibility and they hesitated to take it up, but they have done bravely and are keenly alive to the re¬ sponsibility. It has made them more careful in regard to funds, more alive to the various questions which came up for decision; and far more keen in facing problems. On the whole I am sure that it is a wise move. Of course, so far I keep the books and am responsible for the funds, the> handling only the amounts needed for Bible women s travel and salaries. Mrs. W. L. Ferguson. MAHBUBNAGAR (formerly Palmur) REV. AND MRS. W. J. LONGLEY Medical Work DR. FLORENCE R. WEAVER Anglo-Vernacular Middle School 100 boys—35 girls (Boarding Department 27 boys—25 girls) 10 native teachers 6 men—4 women Sunday school 130 average attendance 10 baptisms (from school) Woman’s Hospital and Dispensary 1 native nurse 1 assistant 76 in-patients 1333 out-patients 5735 treatments 2 Bible women In common with all the rest of our Mission we have been having our share of the influenza. The scourge as soon as it commenced took down the government doctor and his assistant and our mission compounder. The day the government dispensary was closed over three hundred people wanted medicine. Together with the government doctor several of us tele¬ graphed to Dr. Lankester, head of the medical department of H. E. H. the Nizam’s Government, for assistance. Meanwhile the conditions on the mission compound were getting worse. Over fifty were sick. I was having my dose of it and could do nothing to help. Mrs. Longley put up prescrip¬ tions' in our dispensary and worked from morning till night caring for the people. The conditions got so bad that we wired for Mr. and Mrs. Lever¬ ing, who came down immediately by motor. They stayed a week and Mrs. Levering spared no time or strength in caring for the people. We feel sure that many lives were saved by her aid. In spite of all that was done we OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 69 have had twelve deaths, among them being one of our school teachers and his wife. It has been a hard time for the people, but they have learned new lessons of faith and of Christian service one for the other. Mr. Rungiah, our pastor, has been a. pillar of strength. With a fine spirit of Christian unselfishness he has ministered to his people. W. J. Longley. As it has been necessary to spend the greater part of the working year in the Nellore Hospital, Mahbubnagar Hospital has little to report. "Since the first of April it has been in charge of Annama, our faithful compound¬ er, who has done very good work. Of course very few people will trust a native girl with only a compounder’s training, so the work had gone down, but we feel that if it is not left too long without a doctor it will rapidlv grow again. The Bible women have continued their work as usual. It is a cause of much regret that I could not be there during the influenza epidemic, as it would have helped to win the hearts of the people. In spite of the holdup in the work we are most happy in the prospect of buildings and equipment on a much more beautiful site and we are looking forward to a great open¬ ing up of the evangelistic work through the influence of the hospital. Florence R. Weaver. MARKAPUR REV. AND MRS. C. R. MARSH (1917 figures) DORCAS WHITAKER, R. N. Boarding and Day School (Transferred in 1919 to Cumbum) 42 boys—20 girls The past year has been one of varied experiences. Many things came which interrupted the work. From the time I came, up to the hot season, small-pox was raging in the town. Malaria and the so-called seven days’ fever kept many children out of the class room. In October we seemed to be all well and ready for solid work and I hoped the teachers and pupils might redeem some of the lost time; but, alas! I knew not the little bug which was hovering near. Influenza struck us, as all over the world. I had to close the school, as every teacher and many of the pupils were ill at the same time. We did not have any deaths in the compound where I could give them proper care. I seemed to be the only well one and in the midst of it all I broke both bones in my right arm and a few ribs. A cooly helped me set the arm and I went on. There was no question about a stop; I could walk and so got among the sick. I was greatly impressed by the wonderful opportunity there is in Marka- pur for evangelistic work. When I went to the town it was difficult to get away, so many, would call me to their homes. We entered many homes, new to me, during the dreadful epidemic above mentiond. We had over a thousand treatments before the epidemic; after that we did not keep any record, as we were too busy ministering to the sick and dying. All the near villages came for medicine. It was a most discouraging year of dreadfully hard work. The spiritual seemed lost in the physical. Nevertheless, we strove to keep Christ and His righteousness in view. Dorcas Whitaker. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT ft/ l 0 NALGONDA Boarding School 38 boys—32 girls 7 native teachers 5 men—2 women Town Day School 30 boys—10 girls 1 native man teacher 12 Village schools 100 boys—25 girls 12 native teachers 3 men—9 women 14 Sunday schools 250 average attendance 77 baptisms (5 children) 5 Bible women Woman’s Hospital and Dispensary 3 native nurses 1 assistant 133 in-patients 10,500 treatments During the year our seventy boarding school pupils have done excep¬ tionally well. As grain and every other article needed for the school are so high, it has been practically impossible to finance the school on the ap¬ propriations granted and we were forced to cut the school year from ten to eight months. It meant hard work for the pupils, as well as the teachers, but they did their best to get through. Even then we had a deficit. Grain has trebled in price, cloth has doubled, and appropriations are the same as they were ten years ago. We cut off one meal daily, giving the children two instead of three meals. It seems almost cruel to take food from them, but we are compelled to do so on account of insufficient appropriations. Famine has almost destroyed our village schools, for as every child must help to earn something the school question has been put entirely in the background. In some instances we have tried at least to have a night school, without very good results. We are looking for better times when there will be more opportunity for school in the villages. The Bible women report open doors everywhere, and women more ready to hear the Gospel than ever before. We had more sickness during the year than we ever experienced before in India. First cholera raged over our whole field; then influenza started its work, and there is scarcely a village that it has not touched. The chief reason for so many deaths in the villages was lack of food. After over¬ coming the first attack they had nothing to eat and, lacking strength to recover, many died. In some villages the entire population was down with influenza, so that there was no one to bury their dead and bodies were thrown into fields for the jackals to pull about. In other villages our pun- tulus dug graves and buried the dead. They tell most heartrending stories. Rev. C. Unruh. The people have great confidence in our work and come from many vil¬ lages and all castes. During the influenza my people and myself worked day and night. Not a single person on our compound escaped the disease but, thank God, not a death occurred. REV. AND MRS. C. UNRUH Medical Work AGANETHA NEUFELD OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 71 While out on tour Mr. Unruh found a poor woman, the mother of four children, in such a wretched condition that she was obliged to creep on her knees and elbows. Her husband was in despair. Mr. Unruh took pity on them and told them to bring her to the hospital. When she came I did not see how I could do anything for her and sent her to Secunderabad to the Civil Hospital. After a few days there they told her she could not be cured and she came back to Nalgonda. She did not want to go home and said she had confidence that she could be healed through us. We decided to try and for eight months worked with her and, thank God, that woman could walk when her husband took her home. We intend to take her in again after a while. It is almost a miracle that has happened to the woman. Before she left us she insisted that she wanted to be baptized before she went home, and we arranged for the service and she went gladly. Agenetha Neufeld. NANDYAL REV. T. WATHNE in charge of station Station Day School 2 Bible women We have two women working as Bible women in Nandyal. The station school is kept running with a small number of children and one teacher. There is no boarding department, but seven boys and seven girls are read¬ ing in the Kurnool schools. Thorleif Wathne. NARSARAVUPETT Educational and Evangelistic Work EDITH P. BALLARD (1917 figures) Boarding and Day School 80 boys—50 girls 1 Bible woman Note: A severe cholera epidemic visited the town and Mission compound. This was followed almost immediately by an influenza epidemic. Miss Ballard, alone in the station, bravely met them both, most of the time without a doctor or nurses. After describing the conditions, she writes: In the midst of all the anxiety here word came yesterday morning that one of my teachers—a young man of great promise and considerable ability —died at three yesterday morning. The pastor and I went out immediately to his village, ten miles distant, reaching there at noon. The father is one of the Sattenapalle preachers. The son who died was the oldest. The third son and the mother are dying of consumption, the second son has influenza, the fourth son has epileptic fits, and the only daughter is not well. Prasangi was married only four months ago to one of my school girls knd now she, poor child, has joined the ranks of Indian widows. How my heart ached for her as her glass bracelets were broken at the grave and her marriage badge taken away from her. She is very brave, but it is a crushing sorrow. I am going to put her into our Bible Training School at Vinukonda, after she has been in her own home for a while. I feel like an old veteran, so far as my variety of experiences goes. It is only three years this month since I first landed in India and of the two years here in Narsaravupet for a year and eight months I have lived alone 72 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT and have been alone in the station five months so far. During this time small-pox, cholera, and now influenza have brought anxiety and distress. If only I had taken a course in medicine before coming out! I firmly be¬ lieve that every missionary ought to know something about medicine and the care of the sick. It just breaks my heart to realize how little I know about sickness, and how little I can help these people. When on tour I could have a dispensary in every village, if I only had the knowledge of what to do. Please pray very earnestly that my courage may hold out, that more physical strength may be given me, and that I may be more efficient and faithful in the Lord’s work. Edith P. Ballard. NELLORE Educational Work ELLA J. DRAPER FLORENCE E. CARMAN (Furlough 1919-20) JOSEPHINE V. SANFORD FRANCES TENCATE ETHEL M. ROSS Medical Work LENA BENJAMIN, M. D. ANNA DEGENRING, M. D. ANNIE S. MAGILTON, R. N. (On furlough) ETHEL A. BOGGS, R. N. Girls’ High School 87 girls (63 boarders—24 day) 10 native teachers 5 women—5 men 3 Sunday schools 105 average attendance 9 baptisms Elementary and Normal School 155 girls 12 native teachers 3 men—9 women 1 Day School 36 boys—29 girls 3 native teachers 1 man—2 women 1 Sunday school 120 average attendance 6 baptisms Woman’s Hospital and Dispensary 1110 in-patients 4103 out-patients 25046 treatments 1540 maternity cases 64 operations Nurses’ Training School 13 nurses in training The year 1918 began well for on the first Sunday of the new year three of our high school girls were baptized. As a result of personal work a teacher and six girls followed later. The two Christian Endeavor societies in the school have been faithfully attended all the year. The Sunday schools have been much broken up by small-pox, cholera and influenza epidemics. Five of our class of six were allowed to take the final examination set by government for graduation from high school. One is now in the Christian College in Madras and is reported to be doing very good work; two are taking teacher training and we expect to have them back in Nellore to help us in July; the other two are at home and one has a fine baby boy. The school was closed three weeks during the influenza epidemic and nearly every girl was sick. We were proud of our girls at that time. They were brave and the well ones worked long and hard helping care for the OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 73 sick until in their turn they fell victims. Most of the care of the girls of the high school, as well as the Telugu school, fell upon Miss Tencate as Miss Carman and part of the time Miss Rix were sick. In December we were delighted to welcome Miss Draper back to India and January first she took over full charge of the high school. Florence E. Carman. Our classes have done well in their examinations. We sent eighteen young women up for the teachers’ certificates. No other class ever did so U/ a Yd O'! vi d.C jS gey nde 3 Hatiu -mi korttLa^ — Jd rthraov \ AI luj/ Kurnc Cu^bmr, \ f' / Ong4/e ^ ?/ y Stations 7 outage ' ^— Mission Cavadian *f- p tist Mission TOTAL ENROLMENT, EIGHTY-SEVEN Girls’ High School, Nellore, India, serves the whole district well since I have been connected with the school and I have never heard of any school in India having so high a percentage of passes. . We were right in line with the rest of the world when the epidemic of influenza swept over the land. One morning our Matron asked me to step into the school compound and there I beheld twenty-six influenza patients needing care. Sending them to the hospital was out of the question and keeping them in the school compound was equally so. I finally cleared out the ground floor of the Telugu School and turned the three rooms, which are divided by movable partitions, into a hospital ward, installed myself as physician and there received all patients from both schools. For two days we tried to keep the school work going also, but so many of the children were ill that we decided to close our school entirely. We had about every form of the disease of which I have heard. Temperatures ran up to 105 and 106° and pulses to 160 and more. There were bad hearts, pneumonia, nose and ear bleeding, etc. Among the two schools we had about 180 cases. Both of our matrons were patients in our school hospital. Every house and compound servant was down with the disease save two- Every morn¬ ing after making rounds in the compound I went to the village where the servants live and doctored their families. The average death late in Nel- 74 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT lore was thirty-five yer day during the epidemic and yet we lost only two, one from the High School and one from the Telugu School. Our older girls were fine. They took turns in helping me with the nursing, right from the first, and when one fell by the way another came to take her place. Without their aid I never could have managed at all. Every one marveled that I should spend two and a half weeks right in the midst of JOSEPHINE V. SANFORD, MASSACHUSETTS Graduate Boston University, Mas¬ ter’s Degree; Department of Religious Education, B. U. Designation to Nellore, S. India HELEN L. TUFTS, NEW YORK Graduate Earlham College, Indi¬ ana; One Year Graduate Work, Bryn Mawr. Appointed to South India the disease and yet escape, but they concluded that God knew that He just must keep me well for there was no one else to take my place at that time. Cholera followed close on influenza and we were a bit anxious when one of our girls came down with it one morning and died that night. We removed the one case as soon as it was discovered and I did the disinfect¬ ing myself, so that we had no more cases in our school. One. consolation in all this trouble is that it brought us nearer to the Christian people. From all over South India letters of appreciation came to us and we felt more than repaid for all the care and anxiety that we had had. Frances Tencate. I hope you will be able to send out some new doctors and nurses this year. There is work for them at the best, and at the worst we must have them if the work is to go on. After the years of hard work that have been put into building up the Nellore Hospital and Training School, and now that it has become such an influence among the caste people of Nellore and OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 75 to the villages of the district, it would be a great calamity if the work had be curtailed. I have had a checkered career this year. The most satisfactory part of the year to me was February, the most of which I spent out on tour. I had a glorious time. My tent was pitched at Podalaken, eighteen miles from Nellore. With that as headquarters, by the use of our motor car, I visited all the villages within ten miles. I had two Bible women and three nurses out with me and at the tent and in the villages we saw and gave medicine to a large number of people, besides receiving a great hearing for the Gospel message. Lena A. Benjamin, M. D. Influenza raged through the whole of India and Nellore did not escape. The hospital was crowded and those of the medical and nursing staff who did not succumb had their hands full. Death took its toll of one from among our nurses. During the month of February Dr. Benjamin and I took turns in going into camp, about eighteen miles from Nellore. The morning hours were spent in dispensary work, talking to the people, playing the gramophone, teaching the children Christian hymns, etc. In the afternoon we visited m their homes. After an early dinner we got into the car and drove to a vil¬ lage, three to five miles distant, set up our gramophone in the centre of the village, and soon attracted a crowd. After enjoying the music for a while the people were usually ready to listen to what we had to tell them. Our Bible women have done good work. Deranama is beloved by all in the wards and is doing fine work. Elizabethama takes charge of the dispensary meetings and visits the patients in their homes. A short time ago we had a case come in which proved to be incurable, but they wanted to remain because they did not have the facilities to look after the patient’s needs. The old grandmother remained to keep her company. When she heard the Bible woman tell about Christ she got quite excited and said, Where is He? I never heard of Him before.” She followed the Bible woman wher¬ ever she went and asked her questions, such as, “Why can’t I see Him? etc. When she heard about His birth and His death she cried and mourned that He should suffer such shame for her. “He is the true God and Him will I worship and I believe only in Him.” She left us to go to her village, seven miles away, vowing she was done with idols. Dr. Anna Degenring, M. D. Nellore and the remainder of South India were tried as by fire during those months of abnormal heat; when the people were underfed because of late rains and profiteering, and so fell an easy prey to the epidemics. First came the cholera, which kept the people away from the town and the hospital. This gave time for our assistant, Nundama, fresh from the Ludhiana Medical College, to become accustomed to the dispensary work, which had to be left entirely to her in the busy months following. During the influenza epidemic we sent medicines to many of our mission stations, and the hospital was a center to which only the worst cases were sent. We are very thankful that our entire staff, with the exception of the nurses, was well during this period, although the doctors in almost all the govern- 76 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT ment hospitals were attacked by the disease. The nurses deserve great credit for their brave, untiring labor while half of their number were sick with influenza and the hospital overflowing to the verandahs, corridors and even the office. Also for the way in which they received the news of the home-going of close relatives. After a few quiet tears they went bravely on with their work; such a contrast to the uncontrolled wailing of so many of the people. While it has been a year of great trial, it has also been one of great bless¬ ing, in that it has drawn us all closer together and closer to our loving Father. We hope that many doctors and nurses who have served in the fight for righteousness will realize that an even greater and more uneven fight against the powers of evil and darkness is being waged here in India and will volunteer before too great a price has been paid. Florence R. Weaver, M. D. The South India Medical Examinations for nurses took place in Feb¬ ruary. Three senior nurses and three junior nurses took these examina¬ tions and although at the time some failed in some subjects, since then they have tried again and all but one have passed in everything. This coming February we expect to have two seniors and three juniors go up for these examinations. We now have two graduate nurses in charge of the wards, a dispensary nurse temporarily who was trained elsewhere and thirteen nurses in train¬ ing. Two more girls of rather a higher standard of education are expected to enter as probationers in June. Some months ago we started having regular weekly prayer meetings for the nurses, which we sometimes asked outsiders to lead and which the nurses themselves sometimes conducted. Ethel A. Boggs. RAISING TURKEYS. INDUSTRIAL DEPARTMENT, GIRLS’ SCHOOL ONGOLE, INDIA OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 77 ONGOLE Educational Work SUSAN ROBERTS AMELIA E. DESSA REV. J. M. BAKER Evangelistic Work REV. AND MRS. J. M. BAKER SARAH KELLY Medical Work DR. C. R. MANLEY in charge of hos¬ pital SIGRID JOHNSON, R. N. Girls’ Boarding and Day School 196 girls—6 boys (157 hoarders) 15 native teachers 9 women—6 men 10 baptisms Boys’ Boarding Higher Grade Elemen¬ tary School 125 boys 10 native teachers 9 men—1 woman Branch School—Hindustani Girls’ School 105 boys—48 girls 8 native teachers 5 men—3 women 2 Sunday schools 108 average attendance 25 baptisms 2 Boarding and Day Schools 157 boys—176 girls 25 native teachers 15 men—10 women 7 Day schools 250 boys—262 girls 25 native teachers 17 men—8 women 157 Village schools 3697 boys—2219 girls 282 native teachers 159 men—123 women 100 Sunday schools 3000 average attendance 306 baptisms 62 Bible women Clough Memorial Hospital 5000 treatments 2618 patients Out of the 157 girls mentioned above, 103 came from fifty little villages scattered all over this big field, where no missionary ever has lived. Of course there ought to be more than this and probably will some day. So as you think of this school you may picture fifty little villages, far from rail¬ road and white man’s dwelling, each with its little tiled or thatched chapel serving as both school and church, from which these girls come the life of the little Christian community centering more or less around the chapel, according to the consecration and ability of the workers in charge. Per¬ haps you can imagine a little of what it means to leave that village environ¬ ment to come to what is to them a mission metropolis. You will under¬ stand, too, that we are anxious that the girls should, as they study and improve in so many ways, at the same time work with their hands in the gardens and at household tasks, so that they may keep an humble-minded and helpful attitude toward their Christian and non-Christian neighbors in the villages when they go there during their vacations and perhaps again after school life is done. During vacation I spent several days in a village fifteen miles away with our touring missionaries and their evangelists and there I saw one of our former school girls, now a widow, woiking alone and earning the respect of all the people. Of course there are othei places 78 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT like that and many, many places where our girls work side by side with their husbands in the school and church. We have on our Ongole field alone about 169 women who have at one time been attendants of our school and scores have gone to other missions and to other parts of our own mis¬ sion. In addition to their regular work this year, which was unusually good, the girls did a large amount of sewing for the Red Cross and every month a large bundle of kit bags, pillow cases, handkerchiefs and other work was completed and sent to headquarters. Another extra was the presentation of a very fine little play illustrating the value of Christian education to India, given at the harvest Festival last spring. The play was set in Indian musical verse by a talented man among our teachers, and, with appropriate costuming and dialogues, it proved very effective. We have taken up mat weaving in the school and but for the difficulty in getting material for the work we would have completed enough mats for all our needs this term. Susan Roberts. Last Sunday nineteen of our school boys were baptized. Our pastor arranged for the baptism at a large sheet of water about half a mile away from our school, which is quite close to the high road, and our gathering was increased by spectators who were passing to or from Ongole. It was a very beautiful service and every one present seemed to be impressed by the earnest young faces of the boys. Most of these nineteen boys were led to take this step because of God’s great mercy to them during the late out¬ break of influenza. One boy, who had influenza, typhoid, and cholera, was too weak to be baptized, but as soon as he is well, i e., his heart is stronger, he also will go before the church. A. E. Dessa. Since early in January, 1919, the touring band with their missionary has been almost constantly out in camp among the villages. All are enthusiastic over the results, and it was an unanimous vote that touring among the villages counted more for the Kingdom of Christ than any other work the missionary could do, providing the other work was carried on as prepara¬ tory to this great work. We all believe in institutions, such as schools and hospitals, but believe that the touring work must be done at the same time in order to get the best results. Since the 1st of January we have baptized in the Ongole field ninety-one fine candidates and have visited 194 villages and camped in twenty-five different centres. Our touring preachers have walked during this time 950 miles, that is, if the distance walked by each one was added together and stretched out into one straight line. J. M. Baker. During the year I camped at forty-two villages and visited 124 others surrounding the camps. It is very pleasant to revisit some of the villages where the people are more friendly than in others. In Madaranetta, which I visited the latter part of November, the caste people welcomed me most warmly. As I was nearing the village I saw a number of women, with OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 79 baskets of grass on their heads, running toward my carriage and calling to me. I stopped, not knowing what was the matter, but the women kept on running. When I inquired the reason, they answered, “We recognized your carriage from a distance and were vieing with one another in trying to reach you first. We are so glad to see you; you must stay longer in our village this time.” With very few exceptions the caste people receive and hear us gladly. They love us and love to hear the Gospel, and are convinced in their hearts of the truth of our preaching, but caste will not permit them to come out boldly. God, in His own good time, must remove the barrier and He will if we pray hard and work. Sarah Kelly. The medical work would fail of its chief purpose did we not preach as well as practice. Here is where the hospital can do its great work, for the doors of the highest as well as of the lowest caste will be opened to our influence. We employed two medical assistants, and one preacher talked to the people while they were waiting for medical treatment. What kind of cases were there? All sorts—tooth extraction, boils, malaria, dysentery, infec¬ tions of all sorts, tuberculosis and, above all, I must not forget, itch, that inhabitant of every household. The influenza took its toll here, too. In many places whole villages were wiped out. We have read of the influenza in the home land, but just imagine it out here where people haven’t the slightest idea of the laws of health! You have doctors, nurses, and hos¬ pitals,—we have very few indeed. God blessed us greatly in our efforts, for out of 600 cases we only lost seven and they did not come to us at the beginning of the attack. We were proud of our Christians, for they were cheerful and optimistic throughout the whole siege. They showed a real trust in God. We worked hard over them and they did as they were ordered in nearly all of the cases. Some of the Christians would walk over twenty and thirty miles to get medicine and have us tell them how to care for the sick ones of their village. Here was an example of practical Christianity I had not seen before. When the epidemic was over they did another thing that made me rejoice —a big Thanksgiving service was held in the Church and an offering of Rs. 100 ($33) was given, thus rendering their thanks to the all merciful Father for His loving care. We did not forget the non-Christians. Most of them would not employ anyone but native fakes and a great many would not even employ them. For hadn’t the gods sent the sickness? We were called in a good many cases, but they carried out our orders in a very haphazard manner. One idea that seemed to possess them was that the patient must not go to sleep, so they would pour black coffee down his throat, sprinkle red pepper in his eyes, and, fearful lest these measures fail, they would burn him with hot irons. Many homes were opened to our influence and we have fields for future work. This week we move into our new dispensary. Rejoice with us. Now we will have a fine place for our work and two nice rooms for in-patients. Sigrid C. Johnson. 80 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT RAMAPATNAM REV. AND MRS. W. E. BOGGS Medical Work LILLIAN V. WAGNER, R. N. Boarding and Day School 62 pupils 4 native teachers Woman’s Dispensary and Training School 998 people treated 56 in-patients 3772 treatments given The work of our elementary school has gone on its accustomed way. Four teachers have been at work and twenty-one of the pupils have been boarders. For various reasons it has been thought wise to remove the boarding department and send these pupils to Kavali, where in Miss Bul¬ lard’s larger school they might have superior advantages. After consult¬ ing the Reference Committee, and with their approval, this change has been effected and our school becomes a day school to meet the needs of the children of seminary students and others from the village and hamlets about. W. E. Boggs. My class work is a little heavier this year, for in July I put in a new sub¬ ject for the first and second year women, “Lessons in Elementary Tropical Hygiene.” This subject takes up the common diseases of India, such as cholera, plague, small-pox, measles, chickenpox, malaria, skin diseases of all kinds, leprosy, etc., giving their treatment and prevention. Of course Hygiene is the main thread through the book. I have seen a big difference in the cleanliness in the homes, and the women are very keen on the germ theory, which is a large part of the teaching. They are much interested in the different forms and how to eradicate them. Some of the women are trying to carry out the teaching in a practical way in regard to itch. One of them came to me not long ago and with such pride exclaimed, “Amma, I wash my babies’ hands now several times a day where as I used to wash them only once a day.” For several weeks during and after the epidemic not a soul from the village came to the dispensary because the story had gone forth that they were dying by the scores in the compound. At the beginning we dispensed medicines in the palems until the Hindu priest forbade the people using our remedies. The Hindu method of cure was to shave the top of the head, make a hole in the scalp and rub into it a rank poison. Then the whole thing was plastered up with a preparation of lime so that none of the poison should escape. It seemed such a pity to see strong young men dying from maltreatment. One day that I spent in a distant village helping the sick I shall never forget. The misery and helplessness of the people were almost more than I could stand, and what of them? The distance and roads were too bad to permit another visit and the experiences remain with me yet. Beds with three and four occupants, all helpless, and no one to care for them. The sanitary conditions were most dreadful. Lillian V. Wagner. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 81 SECUNDERABAD Boarding and Day School 49 boys—24 girls 8 native teachers 5 men—3 women Sunday school 85 average attendance Town Day School 51 boys—6 girls 3 native teachers 2 men—1 woman 3 Sunday schools 50 average attendance 8 Bible women We hope to begin the new term of school on January 15. So many of the workers have died from influenza that it is not easy to secure trained teach¬ ers or high school graduates. I had a Christmas tree for the eleven orphans and the six children who live in our compound and the six belong¬ ing to the Telugu pastor. I am hoping to send one girl to the Bible Training School this next July. She seems to be an earnest Christian. The Telugu young men helped finely in the distribution of things at the “tea” which Mrs. Levering gave to the Karen soldiers on the 24th of De¬ cember. Nearly three hundred Karens came with their band and we also had time for singing several songs after the band selections were played. We have had cause for thanksgiving in many respects this past year. It seems wonderful to think that my pupils, the teachers and I escaped the dreadful epidemic of influenza, and the plague also which came into the very next compound. Edith E. Hollis. In one house, where we have been welcomed for many years and where the people have listened well, though we sometimes thought our visits served as diversion for them, the woman at the head of the household has been ill for over a year and the father of the family has been helpless for months. In her weakness and disappointment I believe Bhagamma has found Jesus, and on Christmas Day, in answer to the question of a friend who visited her with me, she said, “I am a Christian.” She loves to have us sing hymns and the look on her face as I rise from my knees after praying with her always goes with me as an inspiration. Since one discour¬ aged day, “I have graven thee upon the palms of my hands,” has been a great comfort to her and she stretches out her hands, palms upward as she repeats it to me. Last time I gave her, “Ye shall be witnesses unto me.” The brother says he also believes, while one of the little boys who has been in our school would walk back to the teachers’ house evening after evening, though he lives quite a distance away, to be present at their family prayers. Soon after the arrival of the Leverings came the terrible visitation of influenza—plague was already with us. Prices were high and people suffer¬ ing from cold and hunger became easy victims to disease. We decided to close the Bowenpalli School for a time. Four of the pupils died from in¬ fluenza and the assistant teacher had what was suspicously like a light case of plague. Educational Work EDITH E. HOLLIS (Furlough 1919-20) Evangelistic Work KATE M. FRENCH OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 82 The Head Master, whose wife was away recovering from a bad attack of malaria, chose to stay on and “try and help the people.” This brave deci¬ sion cost him his life. After a week’s illness he died. The little wife also chose to come back and serve in the place where her husband had worked and died, and when later plague drove the people from their homes, she with her five children, her old mother and a young brother went out into camp with them. The old mother has been dangerously ill, but God spared her life, and as soon as she could get out again she was working among the huts and tents, for all the people of that village are non-Christians. So many of the people are outside their homes now, that most of our work is in the camps and the reception given the workers is varied. Some say, “We do not want to hear you.” Others can be persuaded to listen. Some are eager to hear and invite us to come, and come again. One woman, a reluctant listener at first, became much interested and said, “Amah, if we bring a chair, will you sit down and tell us all about sin and how to get rid of it?” You maybe sure she was told the latter though the former was a little beyond us. # . . , One man, who stoutly affirmed that “Krishna is Christ, was given the Gospel of Luke and asked to read it and decide whether the statement he had made was true. The next time I went to the village I was invited to go to his home and visit the women. . Will you not join your prayers with ours for God’s blessing on this need) field, that even now from among these so tried by sickness, bereavement, poverty and famine God will call out a people for His own possession. Kate M. French. SOORIAPETT Boarding and Day School 38 boys—42 girls (62 boarders) Educational Work 7 native teachers MELISSA E. MORROW 3 men—4 women Sunday school 110 average attendance v 27 baptisms REV. AND MRS. A. J. HUBERT 11 Village schools 115 boys—75 girls 11 native teachers 3 men—8 women 15 Sunday schools 200 average attendance 13 baptisms 7 Bible women Hospital and Dispensary Medical Work 4 native nurses MRS. HUBERT 2 assistants 353 in-patients 16,194 treatments The year began with sixty-four boarders and nineteen day scholars, but December finds us reduced to fifty-nine. The influenza is responsible for the latter shrinkage. Four of our boarders died, and others who went home did not return. The epidemic began here about the middle of October and was very bad, every one having it, and some very seriously. We had no classes for three weeks. OUR WORK in the orient 83 Soon after school began in January chickenpox broke out and rather upset things for two months. In spite of this, and the fact that lack of money shortened the school year to eight months, the results of the final examinations at the end of March were very good, and I was well satis¬ fied with the year’s work by both teachers and pupils. During the year fourteen boys and thirteen girls were baptized and united with the church. Those who support this school may well feel gratified that they have been able to feed, clothe and educate these children in these specially hard times when their own people could not properly do the first even. Melissa E. Morrow. The Bible women have had entrances into many homes into which other¬ wise the light of the Gospel could never come. Although they often could not address large crowds, they have been able to have a heart-to-heart talk with the inmates of many houses. Encouraging reports have reached us from many places regarding the readiness of the women to hear the Gospel. In most of the villages the Bible women are always welcomed and their messages eagerly received. The hearts of the women have often been stirred, but the fear for the men generally prevents them from coming out. The village schools have, on the whole, been encouraging. In some places I was very much pleased with the work the teachers have done. In other villages I was disappointed because the parents had not allowed their children to attend the school regularly. The people of the lower castes, Madigas and Malas, are most indifferent about the women and girls learn¬ ing to read, and it is with great difficulty that the teachers get regular pupils. The higher castes are rather anxious to get a good schooling for their children. A. J. Hubert. The hospital work has been carried on as usual, and it has been the plan of God to save several souls through our medical work. A few months ago a woman of the goldsmith caste was brought in from a distance. When I asked her how she had come to know about the work here she said a woman from the reddy caste, who had been in the hospital some years ago, had told her all about the work and also about our religion. She had a great thirst to find God, to learn His truth and to experience His power. For several weeks we had to keep her in the ward and every day she eagerly listened to what the Bible woman told her. I was much de¬ lighted to 'hear her ask questions about salvation and see how her face was brightened daily more and more. One day I asked, “Gappamah, why are you so happy?” She replied with a smiling face: “Amma, through the teaching of the hospital workers I have been changed into a new woman. She put her hand on her heart and said again: “Here I felt always so heavy. Although I made many sacrifices, the burden did not leave me and I had no peace. Now I know that Jesus has forgiven my sins. I now have peace and therefore I am so happy.” I was deeply touched when I heard that confession. The year was a busy one. We have had many hard cases. Often 1 wished that there was a qualified doctor here to take up such cases, but as there was none I had to do it, also I did it often with trembling. Mrs. A. J. Hubert. 84 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT UDAYAGIR1 REV. F. W. STAIT Medical Work MRS. F. W. STAIT, M. D. Boarding and Day School 57 boys—10 girls 8 native teachers 5 men—3 women Town Day School 20 boys—6 girls 1 native woman teacher Village school 21 boys 1 native man teacher 2 Sunday schools 164 average attendance 4 baptisms 2 Bible women Etta Waterbury Hospital and Dispen¬ sary 5 native nurses 2 assistants 258 in-patients 5784 out-patients Several incidents have occurred which have served to strengthen the bonds between the doctor with her assistants, and the residents in town, among whom there was a set, belonging to the most orthodox Mohamme¬ dans, who jeered at and opposed the idea of our “Gosha Hospital,” making no secret of their animosity and their indignation at the idea of our sup¬ posing that they would trust their carefully secluded women to our tender mercies. What was our surprise, therefore, to see our faithful Ivariman, servant and untiring standby in every trial and difficulty, issuing in a closed cart to the woman’s side of the hospital. He was accompanied by a num- ETTA WATERBURY MISSION HOSPITAL, UDAYAGIRI, INDIA OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 85 ber of the leaders of the opposition movement. On enquiry I was told the woman and her two children who were in the cart were very ill, and if, after examination, I was willing to accept them as patients the friends would leave them under my care. Being suspicious, we took the cart to a distant ward and on opening the curtains in which the vehicle was smoth¬ ered, discovered an unconscious, pulseless woman and two babes, one four years the other six months of age, both in the same condition as the poor mother. It did not take us long to decide with what we had to deal. Cholera in an advanced and malignant form! Would we undertake to treat them? If not, there was nothing left to hope for, as no one would attempt the work if we refused, nor would they allow them to enter the village. Of course we would and did. Dear little Francisbai, our noble Martha, Veeramma and the others, devoted themselves to the work. Night and day they toiled. The mother lay in pro¬ found coma for six days. On the seventh day there were signs of slowly returning consciousness. The friends, without hope, kept the covered cart at the ward door in readiness to carry away their dead. But for the mother and the eldest child life triumphed and at the end of three weeks they were taken away by relatives who were quite converted to the efficacy of the Mission hospital, nor could they express all they felt regarding the noble, self-sacrificing love of our Christian workers. Who else would have done such a thing? Before the terror of that dread disease the nearest relatives would have fled, fearing to hold even a cup of water to the dying lips. The tiny babe we could not save. It lingered for five days unconscious. The case was hopeless from the first. The evangelistic work among the women has been carried on without in¬ terruption during this year. The weekly class for Bible Study, which meets every Thursday, has been specially blessed. This week we are to hold our half-year’s examination, with first and second prizes for those who give the clearest answers. What- this Bible class has meant to us all during these years of earnest, happy study it would be difficult to express. IDOL WORSHIPPED BY PEOPLE OF UDAYAGIRI, INDIA Mrs. F. W. Grant-Stait. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT VELLORE Medical School for Women The Medical School for Women at Vellore is at last realized. Dr. Ida Scudder, of the celebrated Scudder family, which has given one thousand years to missionary service in India, is President of this school. We have lent Dr. Maud Kinnaman temporarily to meet an emergency. The Governor of Mad¬ ras Presidency, Lord Pentland, announced that if six girls applied for entrance to the school in Vellore, the government in India would provide half the maintenance. Sixty- nine young Indian women had applied when the school opened in August, 1918. Only eighteen of these were qualified, and there were hardly accommodations even for the eighteen in the rented house. The Governor of Madras and Surgeon General came to the opening. One hundred and ten acres of land were given by the government, and it has made good in its promise of financial sup¬ port. This is the beginning of a new day for Indian women. There are one hundred million of them with no medical aid. One little sick child in our homes stirs our deep¬ est sympathy. One bruised, heart-broken woman in Belgium or France rightly de¬ mands our utmost aid. What, then, of these, with no hope nor help? Is there no doctor, no nurse, no care to be given to them? Children bear children in India. Our Board calls for a medical unit at once for that stricken land. Send to Literature Department for illustrated booklet entitled, Medical School for Women, Vellore, India.” Price, ten cents. JENNIE LIND REILLY, R. N. Graduate Jordan Hospital, Ply¬ mouth, Mass. Overseas Red Cross Service, 1918-19. Sails for Nellore, South India, June 1919. VINUKONDA Boarding and Day School REV. AND MRS. JOHN DUSSMAN 21 boys-9 girls 2 native teachers 1 man—1 woman 2 Sunday schools 175 average attendance 3 Bible women Evangelistic Work Woman’s Bible Training School MRS. W. B. BOGGS 10 girls 1 native woman teacher 2 Bible women In our Vinukonda boarding school there has been an average attendance of about thirty children. Unfortunately small-pox visited the compound and also Spanish influenza. The latter took a strong hold on many, and some whose people came and took them to their villages are not even now OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 87 well enough to return. One little boy left for his home against our wish while he was quite ill and in a week’s time died. This was the only death among our school children. We tour a great deal and have all sort of experiences. We give the mes¬ sage of the cross to those who come, sell Scripture portions and other literature frequently, and distribute tracts to all who read. When in camp near a large village by the roadside there are good audiences the whole day long; and little, bright, high-caste school boys soon learn hymns, such as “Jesus Loves Me” and “What Can Wash Away My Sin?” They gladly purchase a child’s magazine, “The Children’s Friend,” which contains Bible stories, anecdotes, nature studies, and is beautifully illustrated. These cost only one pie or one-sixth of a cent a copy, and you should see the little folks as they come running to buy them. They have “pies” for these, even as they do for sweets. They also like the little half-anna (one cent) sing¬ ing books; and Scripture portions at three pie each are usually sold to the older people. Mrs. John Dussman. In April last we graduated a class of four exceptionally fine girls. Three of these have since been employed as Bible women at different stations and the fourth—rather I should say the first as she stood number one in the class—has been Bible teacher here in the school since July, working with me day after day most zealously and effectively. I certainly am thankful for such an efficient and faithful helper as Bangarama has proved herself to be. Twice a week our students go out with the Bible women to teach the children and tell to all the old, old story of Jesus and His love. Mrs. W. B. Boggs. BENGAL-ORISSA IMPORTANT FACTS This is almost exclusively a Baptist field, for no other Christian denomination is responsible for the 4,000,000 people crowded into these two provinces. There are three races in these two provinces and three languages spoken: Bengali, Oriya and Santal. The first station was opened in 1837 by the Free Baptists of America and the English Baptists. Midnapore is the leading Bengali station, Balasore the center for the Oriyans and Bhimpore for the Santals. The Santals are an aboriginal race, singularly responsive to Christian influence, virile and truthful. There are now signs among them of a mass movement toward Christianity. The British Government is ready to give the Baptists the entire management of education among the Santals, offering to meet the expenses, if we will provide the missionaries. At Sakchi, 83 miles by railroad from Kharagkur, is the Tata Iron and Steel Company, an Indian company with Indian capital organized in 1912. Already there is a population in the city of more than 50,000, largely Indian. Many Christians from our Bap¬ tist churches have gone there, where temptations and vice abound. A Baptist unit composed of two Baptist families and four young women, with a special appropriation of $35,000., ought to be sent at once to Sakchi. A wonderful opportunity to mold this embryo city into a strong Christian, industrial center. BENGAL-ORISSA Although this field has been occupied by Baptists for more than eighty years, the work for girls and women is still in its infancy. There are many elementary, town and village schools, an interesting and effective zenana work, an Orphanage and Widows’ Home. What is needed now are two .high schools for girls, one at Balasore to serve both Bengalis and Oriyas and the second at Bhimpore for the Santals. At Midnapore the Bible training school for girls should be built up in connection with the training school for boys already well established. A beginning has been made this year, but a dormitory for the girls is urgently needed before the work can proceed on very definite lines. Twenty-two young women could find in Bengal-Orissa, within the next five years, a large field for service, which is waiting now for those who will hear the call. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 89 BALASORE Educational and (1917 figures) Evangelistic Work MARY W. BACHELER, M. D. L. C. COOMBS Sinclair Orphanage for Girls 75 girls Widows’ Home AMORETTE PORTER 11 women Middle Vernacular Girls’ School and Kindergarten 20 boys—140 girls 2 Day Sschools 120 girls 3 Village schools 10 boys—90 girls 230 Zenana pupils Two of our girls are in Cuttack taking teacher training, and both doing fairly well. The very latest news is that the brighter one, who is to finish the work in one year, has begun having dreadful headaches. The older girl, not so bright, who will finish in two years, is the last of twelve orphans given us years ago by the Christian Herald. There was a big fam¬ ine and the Christian Herald raised a fund and rescued a lot of orphans all over the country, and distributed them among the different missions. Two or three of the twelve died, several married, others are working, and Tosmoni, the baby, the youngest of them all, is the last m the Sinclair Orphanage. I had these girls take some little classes for me when they were home for the hot weather vacation and the girls overran poor little Promodini, while Josmoni, who is larger and has a loudei voice, kept go° order and made her charges mind. They are both dear girls and I think in their ways will do good work. I do wish you could see our girls, not only see them, but get acquainted with them, so as to know their individual dearnesses, and weaknesses and. naughtinesses. I am thankful there are not now in the Orphanage any very bad or degenerate or hopeless girls. The nearest approach is Haro, a naughty child pf about eleven, blight, but absolutely lacking in application or in any desire to get on or do well. When good she is dear and very attractive, but when naughty she gives the evil full possession and declares she will not be good. She has had.an abnormally long good spell and now for about two months has been giving constant trouble. Yet she is bright, and when good, as I said, is a dear child, and if it is not too late when she wakes up and decides to leave oti a these foolish, naughty ways and take life in earnest, she will be thoiougnly worth while. Mary W. Bacheler, M. D. The Mission Bible Class, which takes a course provided by the Mission and is made up of women workers—zenana and school teachers and Bible women—has become a part of my duties and I have enjoyed it very much. It has numbered thirty-four, but as the women lived so far apart i iac some of them on Tuesdavs here at the house and the rest on Thursdays a the church. They were very punctual in attendance until the influenza wave struck us and then they had to stay at home and the class was badly broken up. However, when examination day came there were nineteen presen and they did very well. I have also had the care of the woman s neighbor- 90 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT hood prayer meeting, which meets in turn at the three different neighbor¬ hoods of the church area. This has been a joy, as the sisters have shown an increasing interest and widening vision. The influenza left no home untouched, but there were very few deaths. This fact was spoken of by the non-Christian neighbors, for in the nearby MABEL E. BOND, NEW YORK Graduate Cortland State Normal School, N. Y. Appointed to Bengal-Orissa GLADYS EMILY DOE, MASSACHUSETTS Graduate Bridgewater Normal School and Gordon Bible College. Appointed to Bengal-Orissa Hindu and Mohammedan villages they were dying by hundreds. The Christian families had better medical attendance, were more cleanly, helped each other more, and put their trust in God. It certainly seemed as if He were proving that to call on the living God brought results when all their idol worship brought them no benefit. L. C. Coombs. I think that we must have another missionary here at Balasore as soon as possible. The school and zenana work are too much for one person to do well. I thoroughly enjoy it, but I cannot get around to oversee it. With my large Christian school, which I must visit for at least a few minutes almost every day; two town schools each two miles distant; three country schools, two, three and five miles distant; and then zenana work in twenty- eight different routes of which I can visit not more than one route in a day,—I simply cannot do it justice. Three days a week at zenana work is the most I can stand, for it takes a lot of strength. Two miles by bicycle in the hot sun and then three hours of creeping into low mud houses, sit¬ ting on stools or on the floor while the pupils go through their lessons, Bible stories, verses and catechism, meeting their questions and trying to be kind to them, is fascinating work, every one who tries it delights in it, OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 91 but it requires rest and strength. I have had zenana work since August and I have not found time to visit half the homes once. There are such possibilities all open here and we cannot meet them. I am gathering the harvests from splendid seed sown in past years. Amy Porter. JELLASORE In charge of station EMILY E. BARNES Day School for Boys 32 boys—2 girls 3 native men teachers Day School for Girls 26 girls—1 boy 1 native woman teacher Village school 25 girls—2 hoys 1 native man teacher Sunday school 50 average attendance 2 baptisms 3 Bible women 2 Zenana teachers 47 zenana pupils We have had two baptisms from Hinduism, for which we thank God. They are both young people and there are some children of Christian par¬ ents and others who are thinking of baptism. Most of the church mem¬ bers are very regular in their monthly contributions and frequently there is a thank offering placed on the church table because of a special deliv¬ erance from illness or for other blessings received in answer to prayer. Three of our Jellasore young women went to the Bible Training School in Midnapore this past year. My women workers did well in the annual Bible examination; most of them received prizes for good standing. One of our zenana pupils was ill, and we knew she could not be cured at home, so, after much persuasion by the teacher and myself, she went to Balasore Hospital. Other Hindu patients saw her reading her Onya books and writing to her family at home and were surprised and asked her where she learned to read. No one had come to their houses to teach them . S e is a bright woman and can tell many Bible stories, for we emphasize the religious teaching everywhere along with the reading and writing and arithmetic.” Tellasore is a splendid center for evangelistic work; and that woik we try to do as much as possible. My three Bible women are good and faith¬ ful an d they as well as the preacher and colporteur, go to the Jellaso market, most of the year every Monday, and sell books and give away thou¬ sands of tracts in Bengali and Oriya. The magic lantern services in nearby villages were very aPP™** and we had many requests for more than we could give. I be *_t b one of the best ways of telling the story of the life of our Lord, and g the one pice Gospels at the close. E. E. Barnes. 92 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT MIDNAPORE RUTH DANIELS MRS. IDA M. HOLDER (Furlough 1919-20) Day School for Girls 38 girls—12 boys 5 native women teachers 5 Town Day Schools for Girls 165 girls—40 boys 7 native women teachers 10 Village Schools for Boys 50 girls—300 boys 10 native men teachers 9 Sunday schools 200 average attendance 3 baptisms All the teachers in the girls’ schools are Christians. In addition to the three “Rs” we have given special attention to sewing, hygiene and Bible teaching, thinking these would be most useful to them in their home life later. Generally the Hindu girls are eager for the Bible stories and work hard to learn the catechism which we teach. During the year I have fre¬ quently met with these teachers, both collectively and individually, to talk over the work and problems and especially to pray for God’s blessing upon these dear Hindu girls. This is aside from our daily roll call and prayer before they start to work. We have taken the following for our aim: First, that no pupil shall leave the school without the feeling that “my teacher loves me”; second, that none shall leave without a personal love for Jesus; third, that no one shall go from our school without a de¬ sire to tell others of Jesus. We try to pray by name for the girls who are most interested. I have visited many of the school girls’ homes and have been invited to many more where I long to go, but for want of time have to put them off till “next time.” In these homes the mothers, sisters and aunts gather and all I have to do is to bring out some picture of the ’ life of Christ and the little school girl does the rest. I also have charge of a pillow lace industry and all my lace girls are especially dear to me as they sit on my verandah all day long and make lace. Perhaps one rea¬ son they are dearer than otherwise is that they have sometimes given me trouble by quarreling and so because I had to pray for them more than for anyone else, I have RACHEL BOSE AND HER DAUGHTERS come to love them more. For many years the head teacher in the Girls’ School, Midnapore, India RUTH DANIELS. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 93 Our Reference Committee decided to establish a Training School in Midnapore for those of our girls who wish to take up Bible Training with the prospect of entering active evangelistic work. We have neglected this branch of our work much too long and consequently have no trained Bible women workers. This can be carried on in connection with our Bible College for men, but, of course, the teaching must be done separately. There must be a home for the girls and there must be a lady missionary to give her entire time to the building up and establishment of this school. It has been given to me to do and we hope to open the school in March for those girls who are now ready to enter, but with my zenana and evangelistic work I do not feel that I can do justice to it. • As I write this, I am sitting in my tent, just a day’s travel by bullock- cart from Midnapore. Just near is the tent for the Bible women, and a little farther away is the tent for the two native pieachers and men servants. We are working our way to the place where a large ten days’ fair is held every year and where thousands of Hindus congregate. This will be the third year I have attended this fair and we always sell hundreds of Gospels there.* Just before Christmas, while we were in camp, a nice bright Hindu girl of eighteen came to us and was baptized. She is quite well educated and we hope to have her trained and sent back to her own people as a Bible woman. She and her husband bought a Gospel, and aftei reading it through three times decided to accept Christ. This meant the giving up of all their claims to their share of her father’s large estate. The young man is bright and teaching a village school. He will probably enter our Bible School this year. Mrs. Ida M. Holder. BOOK LIST BRITISH INDIA Among the Burmans. aT’i ri ^ c j\ ian( j Ann of Ava (for young p e ° ple) . } N Cusfcg Chrisdan Conqutt of India/The U'.T'.T A'.'-■ /• M-Thoburn Chundra Lela—Story of the struggle, conversion and ministry ot the daughter of a high caste family in India R Hoskins £ ara , '-n^TUp. •••■ Tacob Chamberlain Democratic Movement in Asia. t d - Richter History of Missions in India, A . ^ History of the Telugu Mission, The.•.. Dav , d ;b In a Far Country-Story of Christian heroism and acluevement m T C S - Sam t ''' i. •• Jacob Chamberlain In the Tiger Jungle ...... .. J 7 p Griffin India and Daily Life in Bengal.. ' Sherwood Eddy India Awakening—Text Book. . To hn P. Jones India, Its Life and Thought . • • • •. v i p India’s Problem, Krishna or Christ.Vvj i P Reach India and Christian Opportunity ..•. a ' Hume Interpretation of India’s Religions History, An.Camline A.'Mason Jesus Christ s Men (a drama) . 04 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT Judson Centennial Celebration in Burma, The. .Compiled by F. D. Phinney Judson the Pioneer (for young people) .J. Mervin Hull Kingdom in India, The..Jacob Chamberlain Lilavati Singh.Florence L. Nichols Little Green God, The. Caroline A. Mason Lux Christi—Text book for women’s classes. Caroline A. Mason Mary Reed . John Jackson Missionary Education in India.Henry Huizinga Modern Religious Movements in India.J. N. Farquhar Mosaics from India.Mrs. M. B. Denning New Etchings of Old India.Badley (Meth. Board) Odds and Ends from Pagoda Land .W. C. Griggs Overweights of Joy.Amy W. Carmichael Power House at Pathankot.Campbell (United Pres.) Pundita Ramabai.Helen S. Dyer Revolt of Sundarama, The. Mrs. Maud Johnson Elmore Sketches from the Karen Hills. Alonzo Bunker Soo Thah .Alonzo Bunker Spirit of India, The. Sir Bamphild Fuller Things as They Are. ; .Amy Wilson Carmichael Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India.R. V. Russell (4 volumes) Under the Shadow of Durgamma. Beatrice N. Harband Vision of India, A. Sidney Lowe While Sewing Sandals . Emma Rauschenbusch Clough Wrongs of Indian Womanhood, The.Mrs. Marcus B. Fuller Year Book of Missions in India, 1919.Editor J. P. Jones CHINA IMPORTANT FACTS China is the oldest and greatest non-Christian civilization ever developed. Four hundred million people, or one-fourth of the human race, live in China. “When China moves, she will change the face of the earth."— Napoleon. Four-fifths of the people speak the Mandarin dialect. The re¬ maining one-fifth speak seven different languages. They have one written language. The Chinese government has recently approved a new phonetic alphabet of 39 characters. After six weeks’ study, women, illit¬ erate before, have been able to read the Bible. Taoism has existed in China 2,400 years; Confucianism 2,300 years; Buddhism 1,800 years; Mohammedanism 1,200 years; Christianity 100 years. One hundred years of the gospel of Tesus Christ, and “China open, China awake, China asking to be Chris¬ tianized !” China is beginning to move. Only one in four of the important cities of China has resident missionaries. There are 4,197 missionaries in China. The call is for 10,000. There are 214,642 baptized Christians in China. The Baptist Church has 186 missionaries and 8,189 communicants in China. “China offers the greatest opportunity which has confronted Christendom since the Reformation, if not since Pentacost.”— Bishop Bashford. “No country will ever rise higher than its womanhood. Bishop Lewis. Never before has a country so completely thrown overboard the old or more eagerly held out her hands for the new. The most conservative nation in the world has become the most progressive. What her new civilization is to be, depends very largely on what we offer her, and how we offer it. So great an opportunity as God now offers in China is a sov¬ ereign summons. It demands of us the enlargement of om hori¬ zons, the expansion of our faith, the acceptance of our duty, and the eager and joyful exercise of our fellowship with Christ in min¬ istering to the need of an awakened nation, and in hastening the coming of His world-wide kingdom by an unprecedented advance 96 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT ment. May the church in China and in the West be found equal to this opportunity.—Other Christian Leaders. There is only one picture book for children published in China. There is only one children’s magazine, “Happy Childhood,’’ which now has a subscription list of 4,000. It is estimated that there are 1,000,000 children in China under ten years of age. CHINA Strangely enough Baptist work for Chinese did not, at first, begin in China, but in Siam, when in 1834, William Dean went to Bangkok. Eight years later the Mission was transferred to Hongkong and in 1860 was again moved to Swatow, which has been ever since the central station of our South China Mission. The first Baptist missionary to East China was Dr. MacGowan, who opened a hospital in 1843, in Ningpo. Not until forty years later was West China added to Baptist missions. Immediately upon the organization of the Woman’s Societies, a Bible woman in Swatow was supported and also the Girls’ Schools at Swatow and Ningpo. At the close of 1918 our work for China shows the following increase: One College (Union) ; 4 High Schools (one Union) ; 1 Union Normal School; 4 Bible Training Schools (one Union); 1 Women’s School; 25 Elementary Schools; 4 Kindergartens; 6 Hospitals; 7 Dis¬ pensaries; 33 Bible Women. EAST CHINA Our oldest station in East China Mission is Ningpo—a city of 400,000 people. Although we have had a girls’ school there for nearly fifty years, not more than one girl out of eighty-two of the 42,000 girls in that city is today receiving any education. Our aim is to enlarge our present over¬ crowded school plant, immediately, land near the present buildings on the Bund having been purchased for the purpose. Similar enlargement must soon be provided for the Girls’ School at Shaohsing. All of our Bible Training School work and buildings, primary schools and country evan¬ gelistic work demand enlargement, and a larger force of American women to supervise and energize all of this work for an awakening womanhood. HANGCHOW Educational Work ELLEN J. PETERSON, Principal HELEN M. RAWLINGS Normal Kindergarten Department Baptist City Work HELEN M. RAWLINGS HARRIET H. BRITTINGHAM Last June we graduated three from the high school, three from the kin¬ dergarten normal, one from the primary normal, and twenty-nine from Union Girls’ High School 220 girls-r20 boys 6 native men teachers 13 native women teachers 11 baptisms (7 in Baptist church) 2 Primary Schools for Girls 40 pupils 3 native women teachers Kindergarten 40 pupils 1 native woman teacher Sunday school 50 average attendance CHINA & PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Showing Baptist Mission Fields in Fast, South aud West China and Philippine Islands SCAlc of miles 90 100 200 3C0 400 o " 60 - VJ /■■- ^ —' Mission Stations Other Cities o I OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 97 the intermediate. One of the high school graduates died of typhoid during the summer. She was a bright, Christian girl and her going is a loss to China. One girl is teaching in a Baptist girls’ school in Hangchow. The four normal graduates are all teaching, one in our Baptist kindergarten here. About seventy-five girls help in the various street Sunday schools; and in the Baptist church they also have charge of the children’s church, several GERTRUDE F. McCULLOCH, MICHIGAN Graduate Kalamazoo College; Mas¬ ter’s Degree, Chicago University JOSEPHINE C. LAWNEY, M. D. Graduate of Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania. Divinity School. Appointed to East China Designation: East China. girls taking turns leading. It is truly wonderful to see how the Chinese girls are able to conduct meetings and how gracefully they appear in pub¬ lic. They seem to take to it naturally. On a day’s notice they will get up a program with speeches, either serious or amusing, to suit the occasion, and they just revel in plays. This fall they held a memorial service for three of their schoolmates who had died during the year, and it was both solemn and dignified. Ellen J. Peterson. Last year when I wrote my annual report the kindergarten-primary building was nearing completion. We have enjoyed it during the year to the utmost. Everyone agrees that it is the best building we have and that the kindergarten room is the best room in the building. It is all in browns and the walls are tinted yellow. The curtains are cream colored, with a little touch of blue, to please Miss Kan, our kindergarten teacher. It has had its effect on the normal girls, who are forming ideas for their own kindergartens in the future. How I wish I could show you some of the children! It is such a joy to watch them develop. They love their kinder¬ garten and enter with an air that shows they belong there. They go freely to the cupboards and get anything they wish and are taught to put it back in the same place. 1)8 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT The most interesting thing that happened to me was a visit to Soochow not long ago as escort to the primary normal girls. A week or two before we went, a delegation from the government normal school for girls in Soochow had visited our school, but I was away at the time. Miss Kan gave such a glowing report of the principal that I was anxious to meet her and I was not disappointed. She was most complimentary to our kinder¬ garten work and has since written twice for a teacher, but we have no one to send now, the class graduating in the spring all being too young and inexperienced. We have had another call for teachers, which interested me greatly and which I wish we could supply. A rich banker called and asked me to supply two or three kindergarten teachers for a group of wealthy Chinese families in Shanghai. Our Baptist girls’ day school has improved very much during the year. The attendance has increased and the grade of teaching is better. As in former years, the Sunday school work has given me special joy. Little by little the pupils have emerged from a howling mob into quiet, attentive listeners. Helen M. Rawlings. HUCHOW Educational Work EDNA G. SHOEMAKER MARY I. JONES GEORGIANA PEARSON (At Language School, Nanking) C. D. LEACH, M. D., in charge ESTHER HOKANSON, R. N. Boarding and Day School for Girls 35 girls 5 native women teachers Day School for Girls 75 girls 8 native women teachers 1 native man teacher 1 Village school 60 girls 4 native women teachers 5 Sunday schools 150 average attendance 7 baptisms (school girls) 1 Bible woman School of Mothercraft 20 women 23 children Union Hospital and Dispensary 20 Chinese nurses 2 assistants 1157 in-patients 4246 out-patients School opens one week from today (February 7) and there are to be more new pupils than ever before. I had to come home early from the Chinese Educational Association in Shanghai to begin preparations for them, our beds, tables and lockers being insufficient as well as space in the boarding school building. Hence you will not be surprised that I am beginning to draw plans for a new school building. This term we were full enough really —next term we shall have a few too many, but the Chinese are so happy! How our girls have been working and praying for the school—and too often numbers spell prosperity to them. I want to know what the girls are doing and get a hold upon their lives and I cannot do this with too OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 99 many. I am grateful every day for the privilege of working here in China and feel that a school (large or small) is a big, big work, divine, and with possibilities too great to measure. Edna G. Shoemaker. STUDENTS AND TEACHERS, SCHOOL OF MOTHERCRAFT HUCHOW, EAST CHINA The first year of the Woman’s School of Huchow, China, has been a RED LETTER YEAR for all of us, teachers and pupils. Teachers were never before called to such tasks. In blazing the trail we have made mis¬ takes, but we know well we are moving in the right direction. In all the .past century no mature Chinese women have ever had such days of oppor¬ tunity opened up to them. If you will give ten minutes to finding out what your peculiar yet very practical protege is offering to Chinese home¬ makers today, ask the literature department of the W. A. B. F. M. S. to send you a copy of our course of study or drop us a line at Huchow and we will send you a catalog different from all others you ever saw and worth your five cents and ten minutes. We would copy here our daily schedule both for women and children and send you some photographs—only we know we would be edited. We are a school, though we missed our childhood’s rights, and we have a loyal school spirit. Our school colors are lavendar and gold—look out for our literature. Our motto is “Service”—pray that we fail not. The second semester our women students were more than doubled and our children more than trebled. Our course of study covers six years and we now have women in four classes. We are the only school in the Orient offering practical courses in Home Economics to married 100 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT women together with the three “R’s” and Bible. This all-round treatment of these who would be all-round women is telling for Him in whose name you sent us. We are grateful, happy, expectant, at the opening of our new year. Send over into Macedonia and help us! Yours in the work of making crooked ways straight. Mary I. Jones. This year I have given full time to language study and about one hour each day to the hospital, giving the nurses instructions in charting, superin¬ tending the first baths of the babies, and keeping oversight of the general appearance of the wards and the beds in particular. When my co-worker left Huchow to be married the women nurses moved to our compound, where I could have a little supervision over them. I am looking forward to next year when I shall devote all of my time to the nurses and patients. Esther Hokanson. KINHWA Boarding and 2 Day Schools 70 girls 5 native teachers 2 men—3 women 1 Town Day school 30 girls—34 boys 3 native teachers 2 women—1 man 2 Sunday schools 120 estimated attendance 2 baptisms 1 Bible woman Pickford Memorial Hospital and Dis¬ pensary 5 native nurses 4 men—1 woman 5 native assistants 348 in-patients 6356 out-patients 1 Bible woman The educational work is in fine condition. In the boarding department faithful work has been done by teachers and pupils. In the early spring one of the government schools invited us to come to their village and visit school. We accepted the invitation and started out one fine Saturday morn¬ ing with about 130 pupils in the line of march, school flags and banners flying in the breeze. The pupils of the school and all the village turned out to welcome us and we had a fine day visiting school and making new friends, as well as showing the people of the village what unbound feet and unbound minds can do for the Chinese girls. After a good dinner we had games, drills and other exercises until late in the afternoon, when we started for home. The day school that, has been housed in one of the temples has been suc¬ cessfully conducted with Miss Shen as the head teacher. We graduated a small class the first term and will have a larger one in June. We are real¬ izing, however, that a heathen temple is not the best place to carry on a Christian school. On big worship days we are compelled to dismiss school or carry on our work under trying difficulties. Educational Work STELLA RELYEA ELIZABETH D. NASH (At Language School, 1918-19) Medical Work DR. C. F. MACKENZIE (On furlough) CLARISSA A. HEWEY, R. N. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 101 The influenza was almost like a scourge in our city and the surrounding country and we closed the gates of our school and compound for several days, allowing no coming or going. We had several severe cases but no deaths, for which we praise our Heavenly Father. Our own Bible woman has been ill much of the year. Mrs. Hanson has been a great help in the evangelistic work. Stella Relyea. The new Home for Nurses is finished, except for a few minor details, such as screen doors, etc., and I can assure you all that I think it the love¬ liest little home in the world. I have been so happy in it. It is so near the hospital that it seems no task to make “rounds” even as late as ten o’clock at night, and I thank God for it every time it rains. The work and responsibility that confront me just at present seem al¬ most more than I can find courage to carry, knowing so little of the lan¬ guage and the customs of the people, but since this work has been given to me to do, I am striving to do it faithfully and as the Master would have it done. Will you please pray that the work may not suffer in my inex¬ perienced hands. I am looking forward to the return of the MacKenzies, with the hope that with two workers here next year we may be able to do mighty things for the Lord in this place. Pray for us. CORNER OF THE CHILDREN’S PLAYROOM IN OUR SCHOOL OF MOTHERCRAFT, HUCHOW, EAST CHINA Clarissa Allen Hewey. 102 Ol'R WORK IN THE ORIENT NANKING GINLING COLLEGE Ginling College is located in Nanking, China. It has made an excellent record in the past four years, and will graduate its first class, in June, this year. Our representatives in Ginling College are Miss Narola Rivenberg and Miss Lydia Brown. Miss Rivenberg is a daughter of our missionary in Assam, Dr. Rivenberg. She graduated from Yassar and specialized in the study of religious education in Hartford Theological Seminary, where she took her B. D. degree. Miss Brown is a graduate of Oberlin, and proves to be a genius in music. She is the daughter of our State Secretary for Iowa. \Ye are glad that we have a young Baptist woman who can put music into the churches and homes of the people of China. Recently Miss Bro>vn made a concert tour, visiting among other places our schools in Ningpo and the Union Girls’ School in Hangchow. She writes: f «Ck. Each time I played one or two numbers on a fair-sized organ, but the bulk of the program was given on “baby organs.” The purpose of the trip was to show the boys and girls in these schools that the baby organ has some possibilities. I am feeling strongly the need of helping these girls to take what they have and make it “art,” to the glory of Him whom we serve. I have been stuffed full of inspiration and enthusiasm. These schools, which make up part of our constituency, have won my admiration. I marvel at what they are doing with so little. Dormitories everywhere are packed full. I had the feeling in a few cases that I might roll across an entire room without falling down between the beds. I have been thrilled to meet girls whom I met at Conference last summer, to meet others who are expecting to come to Ginling, to watch their responsive faces when I played or talked with them from a chapel platform. Most of all, it has thrilled me to hear what they are expecting from Ginling. Our task looks' bigger than ever to me since my return. We have a great big privilege here,. and a great big responsibility. Lydia Brown. Send to Literature Department for illustrated booklet entitled, “Ginling College, Nanking, China.” Price, ten cents. WOMAN’S BIBLE TRAINING SCHOOL This instiution demands a higher grade of work than the training classes in our own and other missions. If we are to have women well eciuipped for normal training in Bible study, we must maintain this school in which seven Boards cooperate. The school calls for one of our best missionaries for the staff, and asks an appropriation of $2500 toward the building which is necessary. Those who are specially interested in the training of evan¬ gelists for the two hundred million women of China will find this a most valuable and necessary institution for the preparation of such workers. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 103 NINGPO Educational Work DORA ZIMMERMAN VIOLA C. HILL F. JANE LAWRENCE (At Language School, 1918-19) Evangelistic Work MARY CRESSEY ELLA A. HILL (At Language School, 1918-19) Medical Work DR. J. S. GRANT HARRIET N. SMITH, R. N. EMMA S. IRVING, R. N. (At Language School, 1918-19) When we let Miss Howell go to Japan to become Mrs. Haring we knew the bottom had fallen right out of our music department. But our Board is a wonder, and in no time here came Jane Lawrence straight from her music teaching in McMinnville College, and before we had time to say “Jack Robinson” she had given the girls such a hearty hand-clasp, gath¬ ered them about the piano and her and radiated enough inspiration to keep them working till she got back from Language School at Christmas. Then, to help the Chinese teacher keep the fires burning in her absence, we invited Miss Brown to come down from Ginling College and give a “pipe organ” recital on our baby organ. I think she convinced us all that real music depends far more on the player than on the instrument. Twice our school has tried its wings in a health campaign. In May Dr. Huntley gave a series of lantern lectures in our city on the invitation of our Y. W. C. A. This winter we opened our doors, first to all the girls’ schools, then to the neighborhood women and girls, to show them the very popular Child Welfare Exhibit prepared by the women at our Shang¬ hai College. After two days in our school and five in our West Gate Church, we found one group or another had demonstrated it to 1600 people. If no one else profits by this exhibit, I am very sure our girls will. Doubtless the most satisfying feature of all our work is the. spiritual de¬ velopment. The Y. W. has never done such fine work. During the sum¬ mer the girls who help in our three Sunday schools for street children here during the year, conducted street Sunday schools in eight different places with a total attendance of 250 children each Sunday. Our teachers have called in the home of every pupil within walking distance of the school and their prime motive has been evangelistic, though they sometimes have to Sarah Bacheller Memorial School for Girls 86 girls 3 native men teachers 6 native women teachers 3 Sunday schools 250 average attendance 2 baptisms 1 Bible woman Woman’s Bible School 30 women 4 native women teachers 1 Day school 30 girls—2 boys 1 native woman teacher 3 Village schools 98 girls 3 native women teachers 2 Sunday schools 100 average attendance 6 Bible women Hospital Dispensary in hospital twice a week 8 native nurses 1035 in-patients 5344 out-patients 104 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT broach the subject of Christianity very carefully. Only two girls have been baptized, but many more have grown very decidedly, and that is our aim—to grow “in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man.” Dora Zimmerman. The spring term went very swiftly, with classes every week day and a Sunday school class and the Rainbow Club as my special work on Sunday. For the second time I took a group of school girls to the Y. W. C. A. MISS HARRIET SMITH AND NURSES IN TRAINING NINGPO BAPTIST HOSPITAL, NINGPO, CHINA Summer Conference. This Conference was even better than the one a year ago, the average age of the girls was higher though the number in attend¬ ance was smaller. The Bible study classes, the method hours, the lectures and, most of all, the quiet talks and social meetings with girls and teachers from other schools were a great help and inspiration to both the girls and the missionary who went from Ningpo. This fall and winter term has been quite strenuous, chiefly because of the influenza epidemic when, for several weeks, teachers and girls had to miss classes. Some days out of a class of ten or twelve there would be three or four present; then recitations must be repeated and result in much irregu¬ larity. Though many in the city died, only a few were from Mission schools and none at alt from our school. Three girls were out so long that they are waiting until next term to return. The contract has been let for the remodelling of our old house and it has been torn up ever since; but now order is developing out of the chaos OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 105 and we are looking forward to being in our new-old house in a few weeks. For a week our school was responsible for the Child Welfare Exhibit, sent out by the Shanghai College, and shown in the school and the West Gate Church. The coming of Miss Lawrence from America, the celebra¬ tion of Peace, the installation of electric lights, and now the purchase of a new tract of land for our much-needed new buildings, have all helped to make the work more interesting for all of us. The daily lives of the school girls, as well as their ability and resourcefulness shown at special occasions, show a gradual and real development and this is what counts the most in all our work. It is a great w T ork and each week and month and year I am more glad to be right here. Viola C. Hill. A year ago now (January) we were obliged to close our schools hur¬ riedly, cancel engagements and consider ourselves, at least partially, quar¬ antined on account of a scarlet fever scare. There were a number of deaths in the neighborhood and city, but none among our students. There was no time for closing exercises, so early in the new term graduation exercises were held for two women, both over thirty years of age, one of whom received a diploma and the other, whose eyes forbade her ever doing full work in the book part of the training, a certificate giving her credit for faithfulness in attendance and effort. Both of them are straight out of heathenism within the last five years. The fall term has seen more of the pupils than ever before doing definite work for others. We have changed the plan of the Sunday morning service in the school by prefixing a teaching service to the preaching service. Every pupil who is at all able to do so holds herself ready to teach an outside woman, using a simple book which she has previously mastered. .While this is going on in our own school several of the more advanced pupils are teaching in the Sunday school for street children, which is held in the girls’ school across the street. In the afternoon a larger number teach in two such schools held in different parts of the city while the rest go with me to the West Gate Church, where they render this same service of teaching women of even less education than ourselves. The “Child Welfare Exhibit” prepared by the faculty women of our college in Shanghai was brought to Ningpo through the efforts of Miss Zimmerman and Miss Hill. This afforded another opportunity, for my pupils to “try their wings” by taking charge of it for two mornings and explaining it to the women who came to see it. They attempted this with fear and trembling, keenly conscious of their inferiority to the high school girls in educational preparation. They pleasantly surprised themselves and their teachers by their success in carrying it through. When we get the new building which has been promised us, there will be room to start a kindergarten in connection with the. Woman’s school—a very much-needed improvement and a thing increasingly desired by the Chinese. Mary Cressey. One of the outstanding features of the past year, is the organization of the Nurses’ Training School in the Woman’s. Hospital. In September we started our class with four bright school girls and a graduate Chinese nurse from Kiangyin to help me with the teaching. 106 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT Our school has been registered under the Executive Committee of the Nurses’ Association of China and the graduates will be eligible for mem¬ bership in the Association and after satisfactorily passing the N. A. C. examination will be awarded the diploma of the Association. One grad¬ uate nurse has already passed this examination with honors. Harriet Newell Smith. SHANGHAI MEDICAL SCHOOL Here we have a hope that is taking definite form. A wonderful proof of this is the hospital with one hundred beds, located in the Mery*- best and most strategic place in Shanghai, which is offered to the committee if this medical school can be established. One Board in the South has pledged $150,000 toward this work. We have from our Rockefeller legacy fund $25,000, and God has given us a wonderful doctor of experience and standing who will go out this fall to help prepare for the opening of this medical college. China, too, needs women doctors for her women. We ask in these medical schools not only for training for doctors and nurses, though that is a great humanitarian service. We aim not merely to relieve human suffering, but to live the life and do the work of Jesus Christ, the great Physician and Teacher, Leader of men, Friend of women, Saviour of the world. SHAOHSING Educational Work LILIAN M. VAN HOOK Evangelistic Work MARIE A. DOWLING MRS. HELEN L. GODDARD Boarding and Day School Brooks Fleet Pyle Bible School 3 Bible women Medical Work DR. F. W. GODDARD, in charge of The Christian Hospital ALMA D. PITMAN R. N. (Furlough, 1918-19) JEAN GATES, R. N. I wish I could make you see the meeting I have just come from, leaving my girls in charge of two teachers to be brought home after the next serv¬ ice. It was the afternoon Christian Endeavor meeting for women and girls. There was a larger number today than ever before, and even with the addition of the dressing-rooms back of the pulpit, torn out to enlarge this room, still we could not seat the women. They were standing at the door, inside and out, and some peered in at the windows._ I sat on a backless bench—the seats are all like that except for a few with backs in the main church—my knees close up against the bench in front, the knees of .the woman behind me against my back, and rubbing shoulders with women on either side of me. The speaker, one of the Bible women, with her little table beside her, had just room enough to stand in, the audience pressing so close that she could reach out her hand and touch the women in front and at the side. The subject for the day was “The Mission of the Church”—a good sub¬ ject for the Christian women and for those who have come often enough to OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 107 know the fundamental truths of Christianity, but today, for the great ma¬ jority of these women, it was over their heads. From my vantage point up near the speaker I looked over the faces of the women, many of whom had come today for the first time, and I wished the subject had been a different one. To be able to talk to these ignorant women, with their arms full of babies and their eyes full of wonderment—at this “strange foreign temple GEORGIaNA' PEARSON NEW YORK ELIZABETH D. NASH MAINE Graduate of Syracuse University. Designated to East China. Sailed August 1918. Graduate of Boston University. Appointed on the field. (East China) with no gods and with no incense—to answer their questionings and their heartseekings and to lead them in language that they would understand to a knowledge of the Saviour, their Saviour, this were an opportunity that angels might covet. So it was with a feeling of thankfulness that I heard the pastor’s wife, Mrs. Dzin, talk to the women after the speaker had fin¬ ished. Disregarding the subject of the day, she told them, simply, about the God whom we worship, His constant care and protection, His love and the Way provided for us—Jesus Christ. Her words came very earnestly and from a very evident desire to help the women to understand, and they lis¬ tened eagerly. Afterward Mrs. Ufford spoke about our manner of prayer, so strange to them. Last year, my first year in the school, you know, was quite a hard one for me. After the incident of having my appendix removed I took on extra classes, teaching all morning, studying three hours in the afternoon, then' two classes after five o’clock that could not be arranged any other time, gave up all day Saturday to organ pupils, besides teaching four evenings a week, having English and organ with the teachers. This fall it seemed as though the girls # brought their sicknesses in their trunks, and the castor oil and quinine bottles were constantly in evi¬ dence. Then the “flu” struck Shaohsing and struck it hard. Every girl but one, and every teacher but myself, came down. We turned the dormi- 108 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT lory into a hospital with myself as nurse. We had some rather severe cases, but none fatal. Please pray and ask prayer for three girls in the school and the cook man, who after hard experience in the school this last term, came out boldly for Christ. One is a girl who has been a Buddhist, for whom we have prayed so earnestly in our foreign prayer meetings. Rejoice with us and pray for these girls. Lilian M. van Hook. The first thing I did after arriving in China was to stay in.Shanghai a week, visiting some of the relatives of the Chinese students in America. In that time I made the acquaintance of some very fine people, whose friendship will probably be a pleasure for years to come. One in whom I am particularly interested is the sister of one of my Chinese girl friends at home. This sister studied in America eight years ago, and returned to this country filled with the desire to reveal Christ to her people. Her first position was as a teacher in a government school in Peking with a salary of $120 a month, beside her board and room; but because she would not re¬ frain from teaching the pupils Christianity she was dismissed. So since then she has had her own girls’ school in Shanghai. The rent for the buil- ing costs her $1200 a year, which, with the cost of teachers and running expenses, indicates that she must be a woman of some ability to carry such responsibility. She calls herself an evangelist and counts her school as an opening wedge into the homes of the upper class Chinese. She has the rare combination of the old-time Chinese conservatism with The new progres¬ siveness, taking the best of each. One department of our work is a neighborhood children’s meeting held in the home of one of our Christians each Tuesday. About forty attend, over twenty of whom rarely miss a meeting. The leader has done good work, teaching the children Bible stories, hymns, and Scripture. Their order is excellent. That which has pleased me most about this work is that no foreigner has had to keep the work going, for only twice was the school visited during my absence, yet it did not fail. Marie A. Dowling. We began the year with what was designed to be a one month’s woman’s class. At the end of the month more than half of the women asked to stay on for another month’s study, which was gladly granted. At the end of the second month half of these asked to stay on till time to break up for the summer holiday, which was of course granted, and thus began in a very humble way what has grown into an all year round woman’s school. This nucleus of women, together with a few others, has continued to study up to the end of the year. There has been great joy in teaching the precious Gospel truths to this interested group of receptive women, and to see them give up faith in idolatry and superstition and come into consciousness of sin and enter into prayer life with the true God. One of them, a woman of fifty-three, whose husband is a court writer in a distant city, has been able to secure her husband’s consent and was bap¬ tized in October. But another, whose husband’s business is in Peking, yet who gave her permission to attend our school, is hindered by her mother- in-law, who is a devout Buddhist vegetarian. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 109 One very poor old woman of sixty-four, who was able to come for study during the first month only, had never studied before and of course found the learning of these many complicated Chinese characters most difficult. It was not an uncommon sight to see her, after working a while on a new lesson, slip off into some corner and pray earnestly for wisdom and Divine help to get the lesson. Of course she got it and became a happy Christian. She was bap¬ tized in October. My Sunday morning class of young men for English Bible study, held in the building of our public reading room near by the church, continues well attended and affords boundless opportunity for service. The young men are mostly teachers in govern¬ ment, normal or Christian schools, with an occasional doctor, lecturer, business man, accountant, etc. I have visited in some well- to-do homes this Fall opened to me through these young men, but I have been much em¬ barrassed about inviting the women or others to attend our church when there is no seat for them when they come! Helen L. Goddard. It certainly is a joy to be in my own station and I am more and more glad to be here. I love the people, the old city with its pagodas, curved roofs and big camphor trees, and the mountains and beautiful surrounding country. I am just beginning to get an inkling of what the Chinese pastor is preaching about on Sundays. It is a real joy when you can get nearly all of a conversation or prayer. I manage to keep in touch with the hos¬ pital and am looking forward eagerly to the time when I can give full time there. Before my second year’s work began I helped at several opera¬ tions. I also gave ether to and superintended the care of a foreign patient and was much pleased with the way the Chinese nurses took hold. Miss Pittman has done splendid work with them. I feel that my biggest work in China should be with the nurses. Nursing is young here and lacks the ideals we have at home. I have been trying to give them a true vision of service by having them over to our house informally. We sing and some¬ one gives a little talk on nurses and what they have done and are doing across the seas—Edith Cavel and Florence Nightingale. We had a most enjoyable Christmas. The nurses decorated the hospital very prettily and we had a service in the hospital chapel. , Then Santa Claus came, which always pleases the nurses. Miss van Hook s school girls sang carols in all the wards. In one there was just a mother and wee baby and before singing for her “Away in a Manger, they told her the story of it. She seemed touched. JESSIE M. G. WILKINSON Graduate Boston Normal School. Appointed for kindergarten work in East China. Sails Sept. 1918. Jean Gates. 110 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT SOUTH CHINA Hokla and Hakka are familiar words in South China, for they denote the two groups of people among whom all of our work is done. The Hakka speaking people or “Guests” are found in the hill country back of the coast, and number between fifteen and twenty million. There are three Baptist Hakka stations—Hopo, Kaying and Changning. In the districts of which these stations are the centres are five million Hakkas half of whom are women and children. They are very responsive, anxious to help them¬ selves, and ready for the Gospel message. Note: No high school for girls, no hospital for women, no training schools or kin¬ dergartens. Nothing commensurate with the needs or opportunities. The remaining five South China stations are among the Hoklo speaking people, of whom there are eight to ten millions in the districts of which our five stations are the centres. For the first time in the history of the Mission a high school for girls, with one class, was opened in 1918, and definite plans are now being made for developing the Girls’ School at Swatow into a larger, stronger .school that can more adequately serve the whole Mission. Four new buildings are contemplated, in addition to those already erected. CHAOCHOWFU REV. AND MRS. BEN L. BAKER 2 Schools for Girls 70 pupils Time was when we could not get pupils in our schools, even though we paid all expenses and also paid the pupils to come. Today we cannot get room enough for the pupils who would come to us. We will soon have two of our preachers conducting schools in ancestral halls at the invitation of the non-Christian villages concerned, one of them already in operation. When we left the field three years ago we had no boys’ school in the city of Chaochowfu. Today we have 135 boys enrolled and are doing our best to get quarters a bit more spacious, feeling assured that only our limited accommodations keep us from the enrollment of 200 or more. With a good school building on the property we have adjoining our City preaching hall, I am sure we could have all the pupils we could take care of. Our girls’ schools have grown well also. We are needing larger quarters for the City school. This year we are to have a girl from the city itself to help on the teaching force. She will go back and forth to her home for this work. The very fact of so unusual a proceeding as this speaks for the changed times. She is a product, in a measure, of our own school and we Want to make many more like her. It would have warmed the hearts of those whose gifts make these schools possible if they could have seen them on Christmas day and heard them sing and recite, or to speak to them and conduct their Sunday school exercises as I did Sunday. There are won¬ derful possibilities in these little girls’ schools. Ben L. Baker. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 111 CHANGNING (1917 figures) Village school 11 girls REV. AND MRS. E. S. BURKET 1 native woman teacher 6 Sunday schools 280 average attendance 73 baptisms 1 Bible woman Medical Work 5000 patients LUCIELE A. WITHERS We like our new field very much and we are so thankful to have Miss Withers here. She is a noble, big-hearted, capable woman. She is living in the house the Bousfields formerly used, a semi-foreign house which has been remodelled to some extnt. We are in a beautiful country here, and the people are fine,—so warm¬ hearted and friendly ! We are quite set up over sending four girls down to the school in Ivaying this year. Two others we hope will follow in a few weeks. Mrs. E. S. Buricet. A lad of fifteen, with a tubercular hip, came from a village about 140 li away, to be treated at our dispensary of Chang-Ning. His mother, sister and uncle came along to take care of the lad. They became interested in the Gospel, in fact, they believed from the first time they heard. Of course they did not understand much at first, but they said “it sounded good” and they felt that believing in Christ would give them peace, so gradually they gave their lives and love to Jesus Christ. You could just see the change in their faces,—they looked so full of joy and gladness. The family said one day, “No matter if the boy gets well or not now, we know we will see him again.” The lad said, “No matter if I live or die now, 1 am happy, for Christ loves me and will take care of me.” I have been on several country trips, and wherever I go large crowds press around me for medicine and, best of all, are willing to hear the Gospel. Luciele A. Withers. HOPO Boarding and Day School for Girls 32 girls 3 native women teachers 1 native man teacher Village school 12 girls—6 boys 1 native woman teacher Sunday school 50 average attendance 2 Bible women We certainly are very rejoiced to have Miss Senn to help us. She is busy studying and getting nicely settled. Her teacher is very enthusiastic over her writing, and you know in China you have any amount of prestige if you can write well. REV. AND MRS. A. S. ADAMS PAULINE SENN 112 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT We have had an exceedingly anxious year, but now we are all serene again and ready for whatever comes, and we hope the whatever will be our Girls’ School Building. I shall have to be leaving for furlough in one year’s time and it is very important to get that building ready and Miss Senn’s rooms, too, before I leave. The present quarters are condemned as unsafe and wholly unsuitable. We absolutely must have that building money this Spring, so that I can help Miss Senn to get settled and comfort¬ ably started in the work. I do feel that if she gets well started it will do much to enable her to feel a vital and definite interest in her work for Hopo and we need her here so much. Mrs. A. S. Adams. KAYING Educational Work LOUISE CAMPBELL (On furlough) ANNA E. FOSTER MRS. G. E. WHITMAN Medical Work MRS. J. H. GIFFIN (1917 figures) School for Girls and Women 45 girls—5 boys 5 native teachers 4 women—1 man Primary Sunday school 30 average attendance 4 baptisms 2 Bible women Dispensary 88 out-patients 181 treatments This first year in China has been a very interesting one. Of course most of the time has been occupied by language study. One of the most enjoy¬ able features of the past few months has been teaching gymnastics one afternoon each week in a government girls’ school in the city. The princi¬ pal is not a Christian nor interested in the work of the church, but she has given her consent to a Bible class being held at the school and some of the older girls and I have started to read Matthew together.^ In October I had the pleasure of going with Mrs. Giffin on a five days’ trip to three of our outstations, where we held seven meetings, all well attended by interested listeners. Each of the stations has a boys’ school and a resident preacher, but not all of them have women fitted for the work. We hope next year to open a class to train women for work in the outsta¬ tions. Such work among the women is an imperative need. Anna E. Foster. The soul may be of more importance than the body, but the soul without a body is not for this world. So it behooves us to keep our own bodies, and the bodies of others, in as good repair as possible. But so many come to us only after the cracks have widened and the walls have decayed, that it is too late. Here at our mission we can only fill in the chinks, for the more serious troubles we must call in the Swiss doctor or nurse from the Basel Mission Hospital on the other side of the city. The work in our own small dispensary has been about as usual. During the last of the year, however, I have enjoyed one privilege, which has before been denied me on account of the children. I visited all of our out- OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 113 stations, taking simple remedies with me. So far as I could learn I was the first foreigner to bring western medicine to any of these places. Not only did I find use for the medicines, but had the best opportunities I have ever had for giving them talks on hygiene and religion. These were all illustrated with objects, and men, women and children, many of whom had never heard before, gave perfect attention. On one trip of one and a half days I visited one chapel and school, and two separate villages where we have Christians. At the chapel we held two services, with an attendance of fifty or over; at one of the villages a mid-morning service of prayer, song, and testimony, besides visiting in the homes at both places. During the last two months we, together with the rest of the world, have been having Spanish influenza; but have been wonderfully fortunate in having fairly light cases. Nearly all the pupils in both boys’ and girls’ schools have had it, but there have been no fatalities and most of them are now back at work. Mrs. J. H. Giffin. KITYANG Educational Work MRS. J. M. FOSTER EMMA H. SIMONSON (Language Study) Boarding and Day School 35 girls—15 women 5 native teachers • 4 women—1 man 3 Village schools (one independent) 35 girls 3 Bible women Medical Work CLARA C. LEACH, M. D. GWLADYS R. ASTON, R. N. Bixby Memorial Hospital and Dis¬ pensary 2 native nurses 1 native doctor 352 in-patients 2083 out-patients In opening the school after Chinese New Year we had set the number of women whom we could accommodate at ten and the number of girls at thirty. At the end of the first week we had fifteen women and several more clamoring to come in. They said they would gladly lie on the floor when told all the beds and bed space were taken. The girls willingly crowded together even more closely and thirty-five were squeezed in. One class of five widows studied the Psalms with me daily. It was a wonderful privilege to teach that book to those poor illiterate women and to see how its great truths, as varied as the emotions of the human heart, met their need as it has ours. I was especially glad to have one of these women. I met her three years ago and she said then she was asking the Lord to let her come and read. When the way opened she was very happy and eager to do her best. Toa Sai I, the Bible woman, came in one day with the urgent request for a teacher. In a wealthy village, where there was but one Christian, she had found ten young women, from seventeen to twenty-six years of age, who were all ready. They had a furnished room and would pay the greater part of a teacher’s salary. We were able to secure one of the girls from the Kakchieh woman’s school for four months. I was there at the beginning and the closing of the school. We are thankful they had the good seed of the Word for that short time, but we did so want to have them go on as they desired to, but no teacher was available and the work had to stop. Mrs. J. M. Foster. 114 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT This year has been exceedingly interesting and full of incidents. Besides some work at the hospital, outcails, girls’ school, boys’ school and evangelis¬ tic trips, I have finished the third term of language study. By way of cele¬ bration! spent five days visiting in the city of Pu-Ning. Peh-Toh-I faithfully accompanied me each day and we were gladly received by rich and poor. MRS. FOSTER AND WOMAN’S CLASS, KITYANG, CHINA All were anxious to hear the Gospel story. The Pun-tai-jin family, having received my card the day before, were awaiting my arrival. Ushered into the guest room I found the family at first conservative but unusually effec¬ tive in their silks and satins, surrounded by maids to cater to the slightest fancy or wish. They were especially interested to know why I had come to China, and merely by answering their questions they were receiving facts about the Gospel. They promised to go to chapel the following Sun¬ day. I did so want to be there to receive them, but had to return to hospital work and language study. Do pray for this family. If won for Christ, they would be a power in that needy city. The sick thronged about me on every side. Having anticipated this, I was prepared to meet the emer¬ gency. Much work can be done for the Kingdom through country dis¬ pensaries in connection with our hospitals. A-E-Peh, our cook, now seventy years of age, for over thirty years has been in the service of the mission. He has a large family, some members having been Christian for many years. Certain obstacles being removed, he and his wife, one son and daughter-in-law confessed Christ, were bap¬ tized and added to the church. The touching point of the story is the fact OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 115 that this man in his old age takes his turn in leading family worship. These are the things that make our hearts glad. Gwladys R. Aston. Just a word about our plans for the future. There is so very much evan¬ gelistic work, calling in the homes and talking with the women, that needs to be done right now. Miss Aston is much interested in that and prepared for such work. We feel she can take some country trips, and still be at the hospital for operation days and for help in busier times. We are both so anxious to have the best results for our endeavors, and the investment of our Woman’s Society and all the many upholders of the Society in the United States. Clara Leach. SWATOW Educational Department MABELLE R. CULLEY HELEN H. FIELDEN ABBIE G. SANDERSON Evangelistic Work MELVINA SOLLMAN EDITH G. TRAVER PRUDENCE C. WORLEY (On furlough) MARGARET WELLWOOD Medical Work MARGUERITE EVERHAM, M. D. FANNIE NORTHCOTT, R. N. Girls’ School with High School Depart ment 100 girls Woman’s Bible School 80 women 7 native teachers 1 man—6 women 2 Kindergartens 70 boys and girls 3 native women teachers 2 local Sunday schools 400 average attendance 10 baptisms 7 Bible women Hospital and Dispensary 7 native nurses 3 assistants 411 in-patients 2453 out-patients The most interesting event of my life in China was the graduation of a class of six girls, with whom had been some of my first efforts to teach in Chinese. Never were girls at home more fastidious than these six in their beautiful white mohair suits. Of the nine country schools some have doubled their numbers and one has been closed because the earthquake destroyed its building. There are three more schools ready to open at the New Year—but where are the teachers! One school has been conducting a little night school of its own, as some of the girls in the village are too old to come to the regular day sessions. Our visits to these schools only increase our desire to reach them more often. In some sections they form the community center for Christian work, the mid-week prayer service being held there and the Bible school on Sundays. Just now our hearts go out in sympathy to one of our best girls, who comes < from a wealthy home where she and her mother were the only Christians. The father was opposed to the girl coming here to school, so the mother paid her tuition out of her spending money. When the father learned this he cut down the mother’s allowance and persecuted them in other ways. Two weeks ago the girl was called home to her mother, who died the following day of influenza. The girl is heart-broken and has 116 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT returned to us with her younger and only sister, hoping to protect her from the ire of the father and the second wife. The grandmother would gladly pay the girls’ tuition, but she is not the handler of money in the home and can only help by securing proper escort for them. Do pray that the way may be made plain for this girl, that the sister may accept Christ and that the father’s heart may be softened to provide for their education. W e are looking forward to a time when there may be several scholarships to pro¬ vide for such cases as these. In the face of handicaps and discouragements we are pushing on for we know that “He is able. Mabelle R. Culley. I am happy to have Language Examination over. Tomorrow I am really beginning to teach,—only a wee small class, for a very shorty time each day, but it seems like an entering wedge, and I am glad to be getting at my work even in the smallest real way. . I believe that the knowledge of the prayers of the people in the home land for me is one of my greatest helps. A rmTr Cl Q A MnUDCAM We are happy that there are over a hundred girls in the school, the most we have ever had, and some of these are daughters from wealthy homes and from families of position and influence in Swatow and vicinity. Then, too, we have started the first year high school course, and last \ear s six grammar school graduates are all back busily at work in this department. Helen H. Fielden. The influenza captured me when I was away on a country trip a few weeks ago, and I was most thankful that Dr. Everham was with me. Miss Sanderson came in also before the trip was over. I am at Chaochowfu for a few days’ rest. I am beginning to feel ener¬ getic again today. I hope that the personal work can truly be started here, and, indeed, all through the country. Mrs. Baker and I are planning to have a little conference with the women here for a few days the first of next week, which is the first week of the New Year, the week of evangelism all through China,—but here in Chao¬ chowfu customs will not allow women to go calling in heathen homes until the fifth of the first month, so we will have a bit of a conference on personal work the first days, and be ready for the visiting when the fifth day comes. Edith G. Traver. A recent country trip with Miss Traver has shown me what a help medi¬ cal work may be to the Gospel. The people want oui medicine long.before they care about our religion. They came in from long distances asking for medicine, not only for themselves but for their relatives, bobbing in on us at all times from early till late, just about like the mosquitoes. My prayer is that I may never be so overwhelmed with the pressure of the medical work that I forget to pray to the Great Physician to give them healing of soul, as well as healing of body. The two most popular diseases on this trip were influenza and infected vaccinations. The influenza was milder than in most places, and so far as I know all the cases I saw recovered.. In other parts of China the epidemic is like the plague. As for the vaccinations they were a fright! An itinerant fake Chinese doctor, claiming to be OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 117 skilled in western medicine, had passed through the town a month before. 1 l\ ei so many people brought their children to him to be vaccinated: to be infected would be more nearly the truth. This quite exhausted the dressings I brought with me, but 1 rejoiced that I had plenty of antiseptics and that boiled water and,boiled rags were easily obtained. Another privilege I have greatly enjoyed has been teaching chemistry to the graduat¬ ing class at the Boys’ Academy. This I have done entirely in English. When I think that each of these young men is a potential leader in New China, I am happy to have had a small share in helping them. Another interesting diversion has been my Sunday school class. No, I do not teach them; a Chinese woman is the teacher. It is a class for mothers with babies and chil¬ dren too young to go to Sunday school. The older tots play with blocks in'the back of the room and my special function is to keep them happy without hurting them¬ selves. Just before Christmas I gave them a party and took their picture. I wish you could see those proud and happy mothers, each one dressed in her best, with her baby . . . , , , dressed in his best, and each one anxious that her baby have the most prominent position in the picture. Mothers are mothers the world over. Marguerite Everham. The year has been one of progress in all lines—increase in the number of dispensary patients and of in-patients, fifteen having been obsterical cases. We are happy to have the mothers come to us at such a time. We are trying to teach them the importance of care at this critical period and can do it to better advantage in the hospital. All who have come to us appreciate the care they receive. One mother, who had lost two sons by neglect after birth, said: “Oh, if I had known about the hospital three years ago my two boys need not have died.” We are hoping this branch of our work will develop more rapidly when the mothers realize what it may mean to them. MARGARET WELLWOOD MASSACHUSETTS Graduate of Dennison University Graduate work at Teacher’s Col¬ lege, Columbia University. Des¬ ignated to South China. Sailed September 1918. UNGKUNG Fannie Northcott. (1917 figures) REV. AND MRS. G. W. LEWIS Girls’ Boarding School 24 girls 2 native women teachers Village school 15 girls 1 native woman teacher 4 Bible women It is with great happiness indeed that I am once more writing you from Ungkung. As all fighting has ceased and the northern troops withdrew in 118 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT September, we thought it advisable to come here in October. \\ e believe the Lord is going to use the distress of the past year for a blessing to these people, for never has there been so much interest in things Christian. We have not been able to open the girls school this year because there was no place on the compound where we could hold it. I regret this because there are quite a number of Ungkung city girls who are anxious to come us and it is for these girls that we have always been especially anxious 1 have retained A Bi Tse, the school teacher, at her regular salary of $8 00 per month because she is so much help in the work—looking after the girls school property, visiting among the women and caring for other things which would remain undone were she not here. I would be quite helpless W Th°e Ut same Bible women who were here before we left are still working on the field, with the addition of one other. We are trying to persuade the oldest one, since she is more than seventy years old, that it is time for her to be retired at half salary, but so far our persuasions have not been very successful. The Bible women on this field are all growing old after years of faithful service, and it will not be many years till we shall need to look for others to take their places. WEST CHINA The first single women were sent to West China in 1893. Two years later, because of terrible riots, they were obliged to flee for their lives down the Yangtse River. Five stations have been opened and in all the VVoman s Society has some work, all of which is exceedingly interesting but fre¬ quently interrupted by furloughs, death or illness. During this year‘ the Mission has continued to suffer because of the civil war, the depredations of the robber bands, the high prices, and the lack of supplies from home In addition, the influenza has taken heavy toll, as in so many other parts ot the world. . More life for West China is the crying need. CHENGTU Bible classes with girls in Government school Work with women and girls in Chengtu Baptist church Girls’ Primary Day School 40 girls 3 native women teachers 1 native man teacher Union Normal Schools for Girls No Baptist representative on the faculty 12 Baptist girls enrolled About a vear ago our Chengtu church work was moved from its small, crowded quarters into the larger place on the Big East Street From the first the women’s side of the chapel was always full, the girls having to be turned awav to make room for their mothers and grandmothers. In the Autumn it was decided to repair the East side of the place and move all Evangelistic Work MRS. EMMA I. UPCRAFT Language School CARRIE E. SLAGHT, M. D. MABEL E. BOVELL EMMA L. BRODBECK FRANCES THEROLF, R. N. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 119 the women’s meetings, as well as the girls’ school, into more roomy quar¬ ters. In addition to three classrooms for girls and three for women’s classes, there is a laige, airy chapel for women’s services with a seating capacity, when crowded, of one hundred and fifty women and an open gymnasium capable of seating three hundred women. .The way the girls come out to all the evening meetings is marvelous. We tried to keep them out o£ the Tuesday meeting, but it took so much energy and persistence, against their persistence, and sometimes—sorry to con¬ fess—harshly spoken words to send them away, that finally I had to yield and conclude that the Lord must want something done for these little ones every night; so we are now planning a simple form of night school. Little Miss Lo, thirteen years old, was the first girl baptized into our East Street Church. She is very bright, not only in her school work but also in her Christian life. A few weeks ago, on arriving early for the evening meeting, found Miss Lo conducting a children s meeting in the Woman’s chapel; singing, prayer, Scripture lesson for a group of street children. A little later I found that she and several other girls had organized an Evangelistic Committee, copying us elders in methods and forms. She has just passed the Lower Primary Examinations. Her answer to the last question in the character examination is certainly unique for a child so young. “What is your purpose after graduation?” “This is graduating time. If I graduate I hope to study in the Higher Primary, then in Middle School, then in Col¬ lege. With learning I hope to help reform Society, reform the country and establish the Church; thus to preach the Lord’s Doctrine to the uttermost parts of the earth. I wish first to rectify myself, then to help my family, then my country, then the world. Although I am only a girl I have this responsibility.” Mrs. Emma I. Upcraft. I am in love with Chengtu. Mrs. Upcraft entertained her Normal school girls on Monday and Tuesday before Christmas, and the girls are charming, so sweet and refined and attractive,—of course they are from the best homes in the province and should be so. Miss Brodbeck and I are hoping to teach an hour or two of English a week after Chinese New Year (in the Govern¬ ment Normal School) as Mrs. Upcraft says more help is needed. I am delighted at the opportunity of mingling with school girls once more, and especially these girls. Mabel E. Bovell. \ Chengtu is great, even more so than Nanking. It is quite thrilling to know one has to be inside the city gates bv 5 P. M. or be locked out for the night. We have a delightful home with Mrs. Upcraft. She is such a lovely woman and so kind to us girls. Frances Therolf. The Council of the Union Normal School for Young Women in this city has sent an urgent request to our committee for the appointment of a worker to take the place of Miss Chambers (Baptist) on the Faculty of that school. This young lady should be appointed this year and should sail from America this autumn in order to allow her to reach Chengtu in time to enter the Missionary Training School next January for language study. Even if she comes then, she will only have one year of study before enter- 120 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT ine the school as a teacher. It is imperative that this appointment be made for we are pledged to this school and they are relying on our Mission to till out part of the contract. • . , ' , . We are in the midst of a keen strain because of the failure of workers to return to the field; and, unless some help can be had, there will be need of more furloughs because of sickness. As I write this four of our teachers at the university are on the sick list and others look as if they would soon j° in them ' Joseph Taylor. KTATING REV. AND MRS. F. J. BRADSHAW 2 Bible women One of our Kiating standbys in woman’s work, old \\ ang Popo, passed away last summer while we were on the mountain For years she had been the friend of all the foreigners who came to our church and a good worker in a quiet way among the people. When she first came to us she did not know how to read, but soon learned, and then she was ever to be seen with Bible and hymn book in hand, going into the houses and shops preach¬ ing Jesus to all who would listen. “Many shall rise up and call her blessed S is also getting along in years and her work is confined to-visiting m the city and vicinity. Mrs. Yu, who is largely taking the place of both of these workers, has done good work in all the out stations. She goes with her husband, leads women’s meetings and visits in the better ^° R I ^ e g RADSHAW NINGYUENFU No missionary in charge of station No statistics nor report received. Girls’ School SUIFU Educational Work F. PEARL PAGE (On furlough) MRS. ANNA M. SALQUIST BEULAH E. BASSETT (Furlough 1919-20) MRS. C. E. TOMPKINS Medical Work EMILIE E. BRETTHAUER, M. D. L. JENNIE CRAWFORD, R. N. Boarding School with High School De¬ partment 118 girls 5 native women teachers 3 native men teachers Woman’s Bible School (Closed during Miss Bassett s ab¬ sence) Kindergarten and Primary Department 50 girls—15 boys 4 native women teachers Sunday school 50 average attendance Hospital and Dispensary 8408 treatments 158 in-patients 1654 out-patients (new) 3171 out-patients (old) Nurses’ Training Department 4 pupils The school work has gone on in much the usual wav. Much credit is due the Chinese teachers for the faithful work they have done and the loyal support that they have given me. Problems there are always are in such a OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 121 work as this, blit there have been none that have caused very great anxiety. The fine spirit that Miss Page has developed in this school makes it easy to control the girls. At the beginning of the spring term, Suifu was still in that state of un¬ rest when parents thought it a good thing to have daughters in the school MINNIE M. ARGETSINGER, PENNSYLVANIA Graduate State Normal School, Mansfield, Pa. Graduate work Columbia University and University of New York. Appointed to West China CECILIA KINDERGARTEN At the entrance of the new building, Suifu, China as a place of safety. More applications than could be accepted came in, but those refused were such girls as would only stay for a brief time. A few features of the year’s work may be of interest. As soon as the second dormitory was ready for use, I set apart one room in the main build¬ ing for a ‘‘Quiet Room.” That this has met a need in the spiritual life of some of the girls there is ample proof in the number of visits that are made to that room each week. No names are recorded, but each makes a mark in a record book. If I can spare the room, I hope next to have an infirmary and a library, but the “Quiet Room” was the greatest need. During the spring, I had an interesting special class for enquirers with an enrollment of eighteen. Several wish to join the church, but their parents are unwill¬ ing. This fall, a special Bible class for the members of next year’s graduat¬ ing class is bringing me into closer touch with the girls and giving me a chance to give them something which the curriculum study of the Bible does not seem to furnish. Our school exhibition in the spring brought some three hundred guests, fathers and mothers of the pupils, and a few teachers and other interested friends. The Christmas program was made the occasion for inviting form¬ er pupils of the school. The bad weather prevented many from coming 122 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT and the ever-present Chinese mother-in-law prevented others, but those who came seemed very glad to continue to be counted as our own and to have some attention shown them. Mrs. Anna M. Salquist. Our medical work brings us in close contact with all classes of people. The sad side of their lives is the part which is ever shown us. Especially sad is the sight of the insane patients which are brought to us, for we have no way whatever of doing any thing for them. We often get discouraged in our efforts to educate the people to better hygienic and sanitary conditions, but after a while they will learn and then it will be easier and more satisfactory. A few illustrations will show you how the people need to be taught. A little baby was sick with diphtheria. We were called in because the child had convulsions. After doing what we could to ease the little sufferer we said to the parents, “Now this is a very contagious disease and you must keep the other children away or else they too will get the sickness.” “Oh,” said the father, “we do not look upon these things as you do; it does not matter to us; so we never keep anybody away from our sick folks.” Poor father; a short time afterwards he buried his other two children, who also died of diphtheria. The usual epidemic of small-pox was on. Mr. M- last year lost his child from small-pox, so he decided that he would have the baby vaccinated this year. When he brought the child to us for that purpose the small-pox papules were already out on the child’s body. When we asked him why he waited so long before bringing the child, his answer was, “We waited for the lucky day.” He buried this child also. Mr. K- brought his eight-year-old son to the dispensary with men- engitis. While he was waiting his turn to see the doctor a fortune teller came into the waiting room and for a few copper coins told the father that the boy would die. Fortunately, however, the boy got well. Occasionally a funny thing happens which reminds us of life at home. Two-and-a-half-year-old Ti Ti had a new little brother come to town. Naturally enough the new brother got most of the attention which his mother had formerly bestowed on Ti Ti. So he was jealous of the little brother. When we asked whether we might take the new baby home with us he gave his hearty consent. The other day when they brought the baby over Ti Ti came too. “How do you like your new brother?” the nurse said to him. “I do not like him at all.” There was a plate of large Chinese pears on the table. “How would you like to exchange brother for a pear?” “All right, give me a pear and you keep the baby.” He took the pear home and told his mother all about it. What we long for is to have time to do better work, both in a medical and surgical, as well as in a religious capacity. Our laboratory work has been sadly neglected, both for want of equipment and also for want of time, for we have not been able to do the more simple things for which we have the necessary material. Emilie E. Bretthauer, M. D. I hope the kindergarten will not have to be closed during my absence. Mrs. Adams and Miss Crawford have kindly promised to look after the OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 123 children, and Miss Luei will be our first teacher. I wrote you about her a few months ago, and here is the second chapter in her history. (See Baptists in World Service, pages 95 and 96.) You remember she attended the Union Normal school in Chengtu last year. Our part of China has been much disturbed and the robbers on every hand have been making travel very dangerous. However, they had been allowing foreigners to pass unmolested. So we asked some friends who were traveling from Chengtu down the river past Suifu to kindly escort Miss Luei back to her work here. They left Chengtu late in June and had a very safe and pleasant journey all the way down until within about fifteen miles of Suifu. The boats were fired on by the robbers at that point and compelled to anchor, the robbers entered the boats, driving the foreigners, as well as the Chinese, on the shore. They also took every article belonging to Miss Luei, even books, and every little thing they could see. On shore they emptied the boxes, examined the contents, took what they wanted, then left the rest in the drenching rain. The party went back to their empty boats to spend an anxious night in the cold summer air, without any bedding or extra dry clothing. The next morning they reached Suifu. Poor little Miss Luei came in smiling, but nervous and worn from the awful experience. A brave little spirit! The second time she came to our doors penniless and without sufficient clothing. Our friends told us of her splendid, courageous behaviour when the robbers came down upon their boats. She said, when safely back with us: “We prayed the whole night, we had no other help, for you in Suifu did not know we were near and therefore could not send' us help. God was our helper.” I was so pleased to hear her say that, although all her valued books, and all her clothing and little possessions were gone, yet she had the things she had learned safely tucked away in her mind for future use. She is doing good work with the little children* I wish you could see her talking with them! I am sure you would be pleased at her happy, earnest face and the way the children listen to her. Mrs. C. E. Tompkins. YACHOW Educational Work WINIFRED ROEDER (On furlough) Evangelistic Work JENNIE L. CODY (Died February 22, 1919) (1917 figures) Boarding and Day School for Girls 73 girls 6 native teachers 4 men—2 women Woman’s School 7 women 2 native teachers 1 woman—1 man part time Village School 115 girls—15 boys 3 native men teachers 4 baptisms Jennie L. Cody lived like a true soldier and died a hero’s death. Bravely she lived alone on the Woman’s Compound and did the work of three women. She gloried in her service and gave gladly the last full measure 124 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT of devotion. When the influenza found its way to that far away town of Yachow, Miss Cody contracted the disease and later died of pneumonia. To the end, however, she had the best of medical care for Dr. Morse of Chengtu and Miss Crawford, trained nurse of Suifu, were with her. We know that she was ready when her Master called and that now, the lone¬ liness and hard earthly work over, she lives on in the larger, finer life of her heavenly home. BOOK LIST CHINA Changing Chinese, The. Edward A. Ross China and the Manchus . H. Giles China Mission Year Book—An annual survey of all denominations Chinese Boys and Girls, The.Isaac T. Headland Chinese Characteristics . Arthur H. Smith Chinese Mother Goose Rhymes. Isaac T. Headland Chinese Revolution, The.Arthur T. Brown Court Life in China ...Isaac T. Headland Education of Women in China, The.Margaret E. Burton Emergency in China, The —Text Book.F. L. Hawkes Pott Evolution of New China, The . W. N. Brewster Land of the Blue Gown.A. Little Letters from China.E. H. Conger My Lady of the Chinese Courtyard. Eliz. Cooper My Life in China and America—A great Chinese educator. .Dr. Yung Wing Nathan Sites, An Epic of the East.S. Moore Sites New Forces in Old China...Arthur T. Brown Notable Women of Modern China. Margaret E. Burton Passing of the Manchus.Percy Horace Kent Pastor Hsi (A Startling Modern Miracle) ‘.Mrs. Howard Taylor Ping-Kua, A Girl of Cathay ... ..Rachel R. Benn, M. D. Princely Men in the Heavenly Kingdom.Harlan P. Beach (Brief biographies) Text Book Rex Christus (Text book for women’s classes) . Arthur H. Smith Spell of China, The. ; ..Archie Bell Two Heroes of Cathay (Story of Boxer Uprising) .Luella Miner Typical Mission in China, A.W. E. Soothill Under Marching Orders—Experiences of Siege of Pekin . (For young people) . Ethel D. Hubbard Uplift of China, The—Text book. Arthur H. Smith Village Life in China. Arthur H. Smith Women of the Middle Kingdom, The. R. L. McNabb JAPAN IMPORTANT FACTS Japan proper consists of four large islands, Port Arthur in China and nearly 4,000 smaller islands. In 1910 Korea was an¬ nexed to Japan. The area of Japan is little more than that of California. It is the home of 60 million people. Buddhism is the prevailing religion of Japan. Materialism, ag¬ nosticism and commercialism are fast crowding in. “Japan is leading the Orient, but whither?” Only one in 850 of the population of Japan is a Christian. “You missionary ladies have done a vastly greater work in Japan than you ever dreamed of. Our government had no hope of suc¬ cess in establishing girls’ schools until we were inspired by your successes.’’—A Government Official. “Thousands of women who have had Christian training are helping to create that public opinion which has found expression in the new Civil Code of Japan, in which the word ‘concubine’ does not appear.”—A Christian Leader. JAPAN Rev. Nathan Brown, one of the pioneer missionaries to Assam in 1836, was also in 1872 the founder of Northern Baptist work in Japan. Although sixty-six years old when he reached Japan, he gave thirteen years of service to this new mission. Two years later, Miss Sands and Miss Kidder fol¬ lowed, the latter founding our Girls’ School in Tokyo, now so well known as Suruga Dai. In the forty-five years which have elapsed since then, strong, sure work has been done for Japanese girls. Our present record is: One Woman’s Christian College (Union) ; 4 Girls’ Schools; 15 Kinder¬ gartens; 1 Kindergarten Training School; 1 Bible Training School; 1 Young Woman’s Dormitory; 20 Bible women; 75 Sunday schools. There has never been a greater opportunity in Japan for Christian service than there is today. Kobe, Osaka, Tokyo and Yokohama are becoming great industrial centres, where the possibilties through kindergartens, Neighborhood Houses, night classes is unprecedented. In the Morioka field, three hundred miles north of Tokyo, there are at least 250,000 women and children within our Baptist “sphere of influence” who have never been reached with the Christian message. We need within the next, ten years a net gain of fifteen single women to enable the Mission to begin to do the work which waits for us, besides additional funds for new kindergaiten buildings, neighborhood houses and dormitories. 126 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT HIMEJI Educational Work EDITH F. WILCOX Hinomoto Girls’ School 98 girls 9 native teachers 3 men—6 women (Furlough 1919-20) ALICE C. BIXBY Kindergarten 18 boys—24 girls 2 native women teachers ANABELLE PAWLEY Evangelistic Work MRS. F. C. BRIGGS 24 Sunday schools 830 average attendance 16 baptisms 3 Bible women The year has witnessed important changes in our faculty. After much prayer and long searching a suitable head teacher was found in Mr. Uryama, a former teacher in our Kanagawa girls’ school. We thank God not only for him, but for the beautiful spirit shown by Mr. Shinagawa, our former head teacher, who has shown his true devotion to the school, by saying like one of old, “He must increase, but I must decrease,” and wel¬ coming with true brotherliness his successor to the position he has himself held for over twenty years. Our drawing teacher for fourteen years re¬ tired in July and his work was assumed by the head teacher, while* our able teacher of English and music was excused in order to fill a position of greater responsibility in a mission school of her own denomination. The problem of keeping an up-to-date faculty in our Christian schools is a diffi¬ cult one since the demand for qualified teachers even in government schools is greater than the supply, but we have been fortunate in being able to improve the quality of our teachers in spite of inevitable changes. Like the rest of the world, we have had a good deal of sickness in our dormitory this winter, though, thanks to God’s goodness and our devoted matron’s skillful nursing, all have recovered. Owing to the high cost of living we have been obliged to raise the price of board and tuition this year and yet have fallen only a little below the attendance of last year. Our girls and teachers have tasted the blessedness of giving as never before, and at. Christmas instead of exchanging gifts among themselves contributed, with a little help from outside Sunday schools, $54 to help destitute women and children in Bible Lands, besides giving gifts of food, fuel, etc., to thirty needy families in Himeji. Fifteen girls and one servant have confessed their faith in Christ by baptism between January and December, 1918, and others are now asking for baptism. Edith Wilcox. In the spring I started a new club for girls to keep hold of those who only too soon drop out of our Sunday schools. Through it we were able to appeal to some of the girls in the large neighboring high school who had never come under Sunday school influence. They became much interested in the study of Mark’s Gospel. In this work I have been helped by the young English teacher in that school, who is an earnest Christian and a former student of our Kanagawa School. Her one desire is to exert a strong Christian influence among her pupils and throughout the school. The happiest thing about our Christmas meeting was the good results that seem to have come from it. For whether that be the reason or not. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT O .6 l instead of the usual after Christinas slump, we have this year more chil¬ dren in Sunday school already than at any one time last year, and the work of the schools is, in general, better than ever before since I have been connected with it. The young teachers have been making wonderful strides in discipline and method. And how they do love it all! I shall be almost sorry to hand over my precious Sunday school work to Mrs. Briggs in the spring. It was especially a blessing and a means of growth during the Ion 0- language study period. Tonight as I have been writing, a happy bit of news has come. One of our fifth year girls has at last decided to confess her faith. The girl who brought the news is one who has been specially praying for this classmate of hers for a long time. She came in radiant with happiness, and her face shone as she told me. God has given us some beautiful, beautiful girls, and what things they sometimes teach us who are supposed to have come to teach them ! Annabelle Pawley. We are getting ready for a school exhibition. I love to teach these girls; they work so well and so eagerly that the teaching is pure pleasure. The kindergarten is doing well. We had to close for two weeks in November, as many of the children or their parents were ill. Somehow I had rather stay over in the kindergarten and play with the children than study away on Japanese. Strange is it not? A dreadful thing happened in Kyoto the other day. The house of Pro¬ fessor Hino, a former professor oi Doshisha University, burned down and he lost five children, besides all his possessions, which included a wonderful library. Madame Hirooka’s death, too, saddened all of us who knew her. She visited us last year, when I had the pleasure of first meeting that remarkable woman, and was expecting to come again soon. Takata San, our matron, feels her going deeply for she was like a daughter to Madame Hirooka. What a wonderful, useful life she lived after she became a Chris¬ tian ! Alice C. Bixby. KOBE MRS. R. A. THOMSON Zenrin Kindergarten 90 children Afternoon Kindergarten 70 children Naha Kindergarten 32 children The Christian kindergarten has been so true to its name, “Neighborhood- Improvement,” that it has been compelled to move from time to time to some less high-class section where rents were not so prohibitive. Now it has one of the finest kindergarten plants in the Empire, with a successful morning kindergarten for the more comfortable class of the neighborhood, and an afternoon free kindergarten for very poor. The morning school has proved so successful that the tuitions have been raised, but we still have a full enrollment. Next spring we celebrate the twentv-fifth anniversary of this, our first Baptist kindergarten, and one of the first half dozen in the country. It was the very first to open work for the outcast poor. It opened 128 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT the very day the new Constitution for the Empire was promulgated, the day these poor became “shin heimin” or “new common people.” No one could then have dreamed how much this Christian kindergarten would do for the uplift of the working classes of Kobe’s East Side. For a quarter of a century Mrs. Thomson has done magnificent service NAHA, LIU CHIU ISLAND, (JAPAN) KINDERGARTEN CHILDREN for the women and children of the Kobe field. Other responsibilties lead her now to urge the Woman’s Board to send out two workers to take over the heavy part of the woman’s work on this great field. The Mission has endorsed this request of Mrs. Thomson and asks for two single women for Kobe. The call should find quick response from the young women of America. .... . We have no resident missionary in Liu Chiu Islands, the work being conducted by Japanese and native Liu Chiu workers. The island popula¬ tion is 543,000—among all these people there is but one church building, a new Baptist church at Naha, the leading city. This, with its _ companion plant, a new kindergarten, ought to become the center of a thriving work.. “Japan and American Baptists.” OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 129 KYOTO Care of DR. R. A. THOMSON 1 Bible woman We have a fine new church building and a good missionary residence, but no_ missionary, for this is one of the stations that has suffered by our losses in men. The mission residence is in the heart of the student district and the outlook for reaching the students has never been brighter. With such a strategic center already in our hands, it seems positively wrong to leave it unmanned as we must do till considerable reinforcements come. Mrs. Maida, the Bible woman, does excellent work in Sunday schools at the church and at the preaching places. “Japan and American Baptists.” MORIOKA Educational Work MRS. HENRY TOPPING 2 kindergartens Evangelistic Work 48 boys—48 girls AMY C. ACOCK 5 teachers (Returning after furlough 1919) ' 3 Bible women MARY E. JESSE (On furlough) In the North it is a well-known fact that the general evangelistic work in this section has been greatly handicapped by lack of work for women and children. At least two more missionaries for the Morioka field should be sent out during the next ten years. We should have for Morioka city as near a model kindergarten building as possible. It will be the only Christian educational institution, aside from the Roman Catholic Girls’ School, in the whole province. Side by side with the Government Normal School, it already serves as a model school, as far as the teaching and methods are concerned. The possibility of developing educational and Bible work with the Normal School and High School girls and kindergarten graduates should be provided for in the new building. There is need also for a house in Morioka for two of the single women. Our Baptist responsibility in the field designated by “Morioka Station reaches considerably over half a million. The field extends one hundred miles north and south, and fifty east and west. We have six out stations with resident workers in this vast field. The towns which they touch in their regular itineraries total over one hundred thousand people. The Morioka kindergarten continues successful under Mrs. Toppings direction. This work still lacks the adequate housing it has sought so earnestly for a number of years, and this remains one of our outstanding needs. “Japan and American Baptists.” 130 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT OSAKA Evangelistic Work LAVINIA MEAD EVALYN A. CAMP MARY E. DANIELSON Bible Training School 16 pupils English School for Girls 20 girls (Furlough 1919-20) 3 native teachers 2 women—1 man 7 Sunday schools 700 average attendance 2 baptisms 3 Bible woman 1 kindergarten The event of the year was the celebration of our tenth anniversary last autumn, which was a very pleasant and. felicitous affair. The services were conducted by the teachers with music by the students. Two of our speakers were teachers who had been with us the full ten years. The speaker of the day, however, was the head teacher from Sendai Girls’ School, Mr. Yoshikawa, by name, who gave us a fine address. At noon the students, alumnae, teachers, preachers, speakers and missionaries, in all over, sixty people, sat down to a Japanese dinner, a simple repast, but much enjoyed. We had planned five days meetings, fourteen of our alumnae, were present and we were intending to have evening evangelizing meetings, but our preacher came down with the and so we had to give up that part of our program. But for several days we went on with our other program. One day the alumnae had their meeting. We listened to one and another of our graduates as she told her experiences in the work. It did their old principal’s heart good to see how they had grown and how well they were doing. One day was given to Sunday school methods by experienced ex¬ perts; another to social service by experienced workers, and a third to methods of evangelistic work. We are graduating this March six women. One, Miss Abe, is to go to our tabernacle work in Tokyo and another to Miss Ryder. One,, the widow of one of our evangelists, goes to be with Mrs. Briggs in Himeji, while the fourth, under the direction of Miss Dithridge, goes into kindergarten work. We have calls we are not able to fill. We are needing to strengthen our work here, and to this end we are asking for Yen 7000 to buy the lot just in front of us, making suitable enlargement of playground for the kinder¬ garten in the forenoon and community playground in the afternoon. And also we wish, as soon as it may be possible, to enlarge our building for kindergarten and normal Sunday school work with social service and com¬ munity work. If we could get our land at once, and build a year or so later, we would then be able to do a more efficient work. Lavinia Mead. This fall I wrote home about a young men’s Bible class the Lord had given me to teach and asked special prayers for it. At that time there were eight in regular attendance and one Christian. Your prayers have accom¬ plished this and they will bring yet more to pass. We want very, very much to enlarge our work here. Through the aid rendered at the time of the flood last year, through our playground, Sunday school and visiting in the homes, the hearts of many of the people in this neighborhood have been won. The lot next to us is for sale and houses OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 131 and stores are going up about us so fast that we fear that this lot may pass into other hands at any moment. Our school building, which accommo¬ dates the school classes, kindergarten and Sunday school, is too small and our dream is to enlarge it so that the Sunday school and kindergarten can grow and we can attract the older boys and girls with special clubs, Bible NAHA KINDERGARTEN BUILDING, LIU CHIU ISLANDS study classes, etc. Proper equipment for classes in domestic science, home nursing and kindred subjects would reach many women, and many more little folks could be brought under Christian influence if a larger playground could be secured. Of course our primary object is to win the people to the Lord Jesus Christ as Saviour, but the plant which we long for would afford an excellent opportunity for training the girls in the school in various forms of Christian work which are now closed to us. There is one more thing that all the missionaries in Japan want you to pray for. We are so fearfully, fearfully few in number! Pray that many new workers may come to this land of opportunity. Evalyn A. Camp. At the beginning of the year I had three young women with me in evangelistic work and a teacher from the East Church Kindergarten. They are all earnest, consecrated young women. From May to September one 132 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT was in a hospital and then the doctor would not allow her to stay in Osaka as the climate is so unfavorable for consumptives. . Our Sunday program is full indeed. We leave here about eight in the morning and teach in the East Side Sunday school. After the church service we have our luncheon in a Sunday school room. Then two of us go to the country and the others to Sunday schools in the city. In the country, in Kidzu, we have a Sunday school and a meeting for adults in the evening. Our work here has had a setback because of the removal of the principals of the public school and of the Agriculture and Forestry School. The former was not a member of the church, but he had helped us in many ways and his wife is a fine woman and a Baptist. The Bible schools held on week days are also well attended and in some places school teachers and other women ask for tracts and we correspond with them. In one place the big girls have been organized into a society called “Seisen kwai,” which means fighting the evil and helping each other to do good. We always have a Bible lesson and once a month something about foreign countries or women. We spent two months on Mary Slessor and her work in Africa. From now on we are going to study Ann of Ava, which has been translated into Japanese. A year ago last September an English school was started in the East Church. Almost all the girls come from heathen homes and have not heard of the True God. We read the Word every day and they enjoy singing the Gospel Hymns. Some of them have bought Bibles and hymn books and some of them come to my English Bible class Sunday mornings. I love all these young women and my prayer is that all may learn to love Jesus Christ. Since November there seems to be a change in the attitude of the people toward Christianity. School teachers who formerly were bitterly opposed to Christian teaching have asked pastors to hold meetings in the. primary schools. Osaka city celebrated Christmas in a new, big auditorium, and 15,000 school children were invited. The governor, principals of schools and pastors spoke. On every hand new opportunities to glorify the Master are given to us. Mary E. Danielson. SENDAI Educational Work ANNIE S. BUZZELL (Furlough 1919-20) THOMASINE ALLEN Evangelistic Work THOMASINE ALLEN Girls’ School 130 girls 16 native teachers 9 women—7 men Kindergarten 11 girls—9 boys 2 native women teachers Sunday schools 10 in Sendai 293 average attendance 19 baptisms 8 in country 475 average attendance 4 Bible women The high prices have been hard for all, and the influenza epidemic has brought much sickness and death to the whole country. Someway, too, the OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 133 climatic conditions have not been good, and we have had more deaths among our dear ones than in any year before. The first class from the Domestic Science Department was graduated during this year, and one of our graduates of the regular course entered the Higher Normal School for women in Tokyo. The best of all is that AGNES S. MELINE, NEBRASKA Graduate Nebraska State Univer¬ sity. Appointed to Japan MINNIE V. SANDBERG, MISSOURI Graduate of Kansas State Univers¬ ity and Baptist Training School, Chicago. Designated to Japan. Sailed August 1918. eighteen girls united with our church during the year, besides one teacher who was brought to us by the special leading of the Lord. Annie S. Buzzell. On Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday I teach fourteen hours English in the school and then have from Friday to Monday free for traveling. I go out on an average of every other week for the trips are- hard and with the teaching would be too much for me. There is, of course, the ever present language study and I try to get in two hours a day with a teacher. In addition to the four places where our Bible women have worked this year, my helper and I go once a month to a town two hours north of here by train and then a jinriksha ride of about an hour and a half (or walk). There the Congregational and Christian churches have united with the Baptist and the work is encouraging. I am anxious to place a Bible woman there in the spring. At Taira, on Mr. Jones’s field, several of the Christians are unusually earnest and consecrated. I always receive inspiration and help from contact with the church there. The president of the woman’s meeting is one of the most beautiful Christians I know. Just before Christ¬ mas her little daughter was taken very ill, so ill that the doctor gave very little encouragement. The night of the crisis the mother prayed nine times: “Father, the child is yours and I would not pray to keep her if thou dost want her; but O, if she can be used of Thee for Thy work here, spare her if 134 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT it be Thy will! And, Father, whatever Thy will is, wilt Thou show me the results by eight o’clock in the morning?” The same night the little girl said: “Mother, if I do not get well, who will say my Christmas recitation for me?” The mother’s prayer was answered in the affirmative for about six o’clock the next morning the child awoke and said, “Mamma, I am all right, all well now.” When the doctor came he was completely bewildered. The little girl gave her own Christmas recitation. Thomasine Allen. TOKYO Educational Work MISS M. M. CARPENTER HARRIET L. DITHRIDGE AMY R. CROSBY (Furlough 1919-20) ISHIHARA SAN (Studying in America) GERTRUDE E. RYDER Evangelistic Work DR. AND MRS. WILLIAM AXLING RUBY L. ANDERSON MISS M. A. CLAGETT Language School MINNIE V. SANDBERG RUTH E. SMITH Fully two-thirds of our pupils are Christians. All our dormitory pupils were Christians until two new ones were admitted the last term. We have had nine baptisms during the year. Two were girls from comfortable homes, whose parents had placed them in our care because they were un¬ manageable at home. Of course they are not perfect yet, but the change has been truly wonderful. One mother said she supposed her daughter’s naughtiness was a judgment on her because she would never let the child go to Sunday school. The two brothers went and they were so much better than the girl that she decided that she would place the child in a Christian school, so she lives here though her home is only a short distance away. Suruga Dai School for Girls 52 girls 15 native teachers 9 men—6 women 2 Kindergartens 72 boys—68 girls 5 native women teachers Kindergarten Training School 24 girls 5 native teachers 3 women—2 men 3 Kindergartens 75 girls—80 boys 3 native women teachers 3 Sunday schools 600 average attendance 7 baptisms Young Woman’s Dormitory 45 different girls 19 average number 1 Bible woman Misaki Tabernacle Day Nursery 40 enrollment Garden of Love Kindergarten 80 enrollment Working Girls’ Night classes, 46 enrollment Bible classes, etc. Girls’ English School 149 enrollment 12 baptisms In the City 5 Sunday schools 450 average attendance 9 baptisms 1 Bible woman OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 135 We have a Korean girl also in the home. She is studying the Japanese language preparatory to taking examinations. She is already a High School graduate. Then we have a registered American citizen in the school. She was born in Portland, Maine, and came to Japan for the first time last summer just for the vacation, but her parents have returned leaving her here to learn her native tongue. She had just entered High School. She seems to be a bright girl, so will no doubt soon be able to be properly en¬ rolled as a student. The Starlight Kindergarten and its little sister, Starlight No. 2, connected with the Immanuel Church, are getting along finely. The mothers are interested and when not too busy gladly listen to the teaching. Some are desirous of becoming Christians. When one of the teachers was visiting in one of the homes a lady who was calling there became interested in the conversation and asked to be regularly taught. She seems to be very much in earnest and I hope will soon become a Christian. M. M. Carpenter. The only non-Christian student in our school this year was baptized in March. During the summer she returned to her own home, conducted a Sunday school there and taught the people of Christ. In March nine students graduated, going to various parts of the country, where they are now struggling with their first year of teaching, which is always hard. One has started our new Baptist kindergarten in Himeji in connection with our girls’ school; one is helping in Mrs. Topping’s kinder¬ garten in Morioka; one is teaching in Manchuria, our first foreign mission¬ ary; one is taking her final year at our Bible Woman’s Training School in Osaka; our Chinese girl has gone back to China, where we hope she will do good work for her country; and the others are teaching in kindergartens of other denominations. We hear good reports from former graduates. As an alumnas association they decided to support a student in this school and are each sending monthly a small amount for the purpose. Haramachi Kindergarten is the joy of our hearts; it is always a rest to the spirit to be able to go and work and play directly with the children. Never in all my experience have I taught children who gave me such joy. The head teacher, Okabe San, graduated from our training school in 1913 and has had varied experience. She came to us two years ago and has made the school what it is. It is said that the children who go out from this kindergarten do the best work in the public schools. The work with the mothers is encouraging and many of them have become our personal friends. Tsukijima Kindergarten continues large and prosperous, but since the great flood in October, 1917, we have not had the afternoon session. Makino San has done faithful and good work for many years. This year we have conducted the mothers’ meetings in the evening, as more could come then. Some kind friend in America sent an electric radioptoscope, which we have used with good effect in both mothers’ and children’s meet¬ ings. One family, both father and mother, has been led to Christ by one of our students. The Sunday school is large and well graded. At the Christmas celebration we had about 350 children present. We made no gifts, as we do not want them to come for that; rather, we encourage them to give. Fukagawa Kindergarten has suffered this year from floods and the illness 136 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT of the head teacher, but in spite of everything it continues prosperous. Amano San is a very earnest worker and does much in teaching the mothers. From November, 1917, to May, 1918, she was in the hospital with pleurisy and peritonitis, complicated by a weak heart. At one time we thought we should lose her, but God restored her to us and in spite of the defective heart she is hard at work again. Although the mothers are poor and very busy their meetings are well attended. One mother who is left alone to support three children and who keeps a toy store, became a Christian and was baptized into the Fukagawa Church. The Sunday school is very well organized and well conducted. We wish there were more older children in it, but the place is too small to admit many more. The lack of space is our greatest difficulty here and we are earnestly praying for a good building and ask you to join your prayers with ours. Harriet Dithridge. This year has been the happiest of the five I have spent in Japan because there have been more opportunities to witness for Christ and find a welcome hearing. There has been great joy and satisfaction in the evangelistic work. In the school this year we each took two or three women as our respon¬ sibility for teaching regularly. I had three on my list, but one moved out of Tokyo and the other two have now become Christians. I still visit them quite often, but have taken two others who are interested. All about us we can see opportunities for spreading the gospel, if only time and strength were doubled; but God is wonderfully leading the Japanese Chris¬ tians out into paths of service and they are rejoicing in finding their place. Amy R. Crosby. Forty-five different girls have been in the dormitory for a longer or shorter period during the year. About half of them were Christians, in name at least, though some of these have been sore hindrances to Chris¬ tianity. The girls have learned the Christian songs; have heard the Gospel every evening at family prayers; heard it every Sunday morning at church and many every Sunday afternoon in Bible class, and though none have confessed Christ, surely the seed has been faithfully sown. We have had some as beautiful, sweet, trustful Christians as can be found in any land. We have turned away many girls for lack of room and the thought upper¬ most in our minds is expansion in order to meet the great need for safe places for the young women who come to Tokyo for study. The parents greatly appreciate our home because they soon learn that we take a personal interest in each girl. Our dormitory is not dirty because we keep it clean; our garden is beautiful with native grass, trees, flowering shrubs, but the building is entirely inadequate even for the meagre twenty-three girls which we can squeeze in. For example: Our personal touch is greatly hindered by the fact that the matron has no privacy and therefore jno chance for quiet talks with the girls. Her onlv room is the piano room in the day time and sewing room in the evening. We have no hospital room or store room; our bath room is only a temporary shed. How the heart of the one who is investing life aches to remodel the present building to accommodate thirty- five girls and to put up, on the adjoining lot, which we can buy if the money comes before any one else buys it, another dormitory for thirty-five girls with a missionary’s residence between. This would triple our work. In- OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 137 stead of meeting twenty-three girls every day your missionary would meet seventy with a Gospel message and moral teaching new to most of the seventy. . Instead of one matron with no chance for quiet talks with any of the girls, there would be two matrons with quiet rooms where they could have personal talks with seventy girls. If by some miracle we could have the whole plant at once, it would be full (to speak guardedly) within three years. Gertrude E. Ryder. In spite of great difficulties, perhaps because of them, of increased de¬ pendence on God, and increase of responsibility put upon the Japanese workers, the results have far exceeded those of the preceding year. The kindergarten record has been good. The teachers have called weekly in the pupils’ homes and some have had Bible study groups in the homes. The Thanksgiving offering of both pupils and mothers was sent to the Kindergarten Unit in France and at Christmas time a large package of clothing and several yen in money were sent from our kindergarten to the Siberian refugees. Our visiting nurse came to us in September, 1916, and her first work was to open our day nursery. She has been its most competent superintendent ever since, and has gone on her daily errands of mercy to scores and scores of families in this district. With a monthly calling list of from forty to sixty homes, a day nursery from fifteen to forty tots, with two helpers under her to superintend, and her own home with three half grown boys to look after, you might have thought her hands were full, but in January, 1918, she came to me and said: “Teacher, you know we have often spoken of a working girls’ school here. Why don’t we have it? You know I have the sewing teacher’s certificate and it is really wasteful not to be using it.” So the Working Girls’ Night School was opened and she teaches three nights a week from 7:00 to 9:30 o’clock. Her pupils are taught to make garments correctly and neatly, and also are given simple instruction in nursing and the care of children. The Day Nursery is our “darling.” Most of these wee ones come from dirty,_ poverty-stricken homes, where work is the order of the day from morning till late at night to keep the wolf from the door. We have from thirty to forty little ones every day, as the high cost of living has forced many mothers who formerly could care for their home and babies out to help, in providing food and clothes for them. Ninteen hundred eighteen has been the banner year in our English work for young women. Just one hundred were enrolled during the spring term. These young women come from all walks of life. They are business women, teachers, students, nurses, stenographers, etc., as well as the dainty girl of leisure who only “stays at home.” Pushed out into the world by changing social conditions/ many of them are in constant temptation and danger.. Our greatest desire is to be friends to them and to give them, along with the English which they are so eager for, the knowledge of Christ as their Saviour, which shall make them strong for the life they have to live and the temptations they must meet. We do this by means of a twenty- minute Bible talk each day, and also by volunteer Bible classes, of which we now have three in English and one in Japanese. i Mrs. William Axling. 138 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT You cannot imagine what, an exhilerating satisfaction it is to feel one s tongue loosening up a bit, withal it is so clumsy! . In the course of my walk to school each morning, or in fact whenever I go to the Tabernacle, I pass many little shops of all kinds with then various signs and advertisements and when those little black imps keep stai - ing at me day by day, the curiosity and mystery become quite intolerable and find out what they are I must. . I tire sometimes of the English teaching, but for the most part 1 enjo^ 1 . Perhaps the fact that through the English classes we get in touch with so many young, men and women we could reach in no other way will always remain incentive enough. The music classes are never dull, and sometimes the boys seem quite hopeless, but the girls do splen¬ didly. We have had some especially good times in the social meetings of the English Schools this winter. It does not strike me the student class in general has any too much of these articles here, games and fun. With school six days in. the week, heavy schedules (and light diets, as so many of them have), entrance examinations to all high¬ er schools, etc., make school life appear to me very much like a grind, if you try to “do it up” right. One of the members of my Bible class, who graduates from one. of the best kindergarten training schools this spring, tells me that without exception she studies every night until twelve o’clock, and that she knows any number of students who, because they are so sleepy in the early part of the evening, sleep until twelve, get up and study until morning. Always first and last in importance and pleasure is the work with the Bible class,—most difficult and most fascinating of all studies. None.of the girls take Christianity lightly and most of them are giving it more impor¬ tant consideration than anything else. Some of them bring to me. ques¬ tions and problems that would puzzle a far wiser and more experienced person than I. I feel quite unequal to my task at such times. Ruby L. Anderson. THE WOMAN’S CHRISTIAN COLLEGE OF JAPAN The last college to be established during the period of the war is The Woman’s Christian College of Japan, Tokyo, which opened its doors April, HATSU OGURI, GRADUATE OF MARY L. COLBY SCHOOL, KANAGAWA Decorated for service as Red Cross nurse in the Russo-Japanese war and in the great world war OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 139 1918. There were one hundred applicants for entrance, of whom eighty- four were admitted to. the Freshman class. These represent all parts of Japan and all the various denominations working there. Dr. Nitobe, a distinguished Japanese scholar, has accepted the presidency of the college, and Miss Yasui, a notable Christian teacher, gave up her position in the government college to accept the position as Dean. We recall that Smith College, which now numbers two thousand students, had only seven when it began its history. May we not catch the vision of what is to be for these women of the Orient? Here is a test of the loyalty of the women of our Church to Christ and His call. Here is the solution of the question of leadership for the Orient. If we do not want this opportunity and responsibility for training Christian leaders, we ought not to have begun fifty years ago the little classes of children in mud school houses and tiny rooms of the East. We rejoice that we are not working alone nor in competition with RUTH c. WARD others. There is no rivalry here. A com- Graduate of University of Red- mon task, so great and so divine, compels US lands, Cal. Under appointment. to march under our one Leader to sure vic- to Japan. Sails Sept. 1919 tory. Send to Literature Department for illustrated booklet entitled, “The Woman’s Christian College of Japan.” Price, ten cents. YOKOHAMA, Educational Work CLARA A. CONVERSE HELEN W. MUNROE F. MARGUERITE HAVEN YAMADA SAN Mary L. Colby School 12 Collegiate department 128 High school department 15 native teachers 5 men—10 women Kindergarten 52 boys—48 girls 4 native women teachers 18 Sunday schools 1216 average attendance 7 baptisms (from the school) 4 Bible women One hundred and forty girls have studied and recited and played and prayed among us. More interesting and thrilling than outdoor or indoor games is it to watch their souls grow stronger and their Christian expe¬ riences growing deeper day by day. During the year seven girls, and during this last month seven more of our younger pupils, have been baptized into the little Kanagawa Church. The graduating class, the largest in our history, numbers twenty-four, including three from the college department. One graduate is to study at the Woman’s University, another at the Kindergarten Training School, 140 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT another in our own kindergarten, and one at Miss 1 suda s school, while one of the last year’s class goes to Osaka to enter the Bible Training School. Several return to us for further study in our new English and music courses, which are to replace the college course here, for which we no longer receive students because of the new Woman s Christian College. This year the college department has had eleven students, all bright, capable girls, helpful in all the work of the school, as leaders of the Y. W. C. A., chairmen of committees, and as teachers in our sixteen Sunday schools, so faithfully taught every week. Sunday by Sunday the children gather, the seed is sown and now and again the fruit is gathered—a new member for our little church, a new pupil for our school, or a new inquirer at the woman’s meeting. There is a big evangelistic work being done among the women of this whole district. Four Bible women this year have gone in and out of the homes of Yokohama, Kanagawa, and nearby towns, preaching, teaching, helping the sick, and comforting the sorrowing. Monthly women’s meetings are held in three towns, and our Bible women go to speak in one factory five or six times a month. One other branch of our busy work is our kindergarten. Just a hundred tiny tots, thirty-one graduates in solemn array, thirty-one small diplomas to be given to as many beflowered and besashed maidens and wide-awake little men. Helen W. Munroe. BOOK LIST JAPAN All About Japan (for young people) . Belle M..Brain Captain Bickel of the Inland Sea.Charles Iv. Harrington Christian Movement in Japan, The—An annual survey of the work of all denominations, 1917. Christianity in Modern Japan.E. W. Clement Dux Christus (text book for women) .Ellen C. Parsons Education of Women in Japan, The.Margaret E. Burton Evolution of the Japanese. Sidney L. Gulick Handbook of Modern Japan, A.• • • • • E. W. Clement Honorable Little Miss Love, The.Elizabeth G. Newbold Heart of O Sono San, The. Elizabeth Cooper Japan and Its Regeneration.Otis Cary Japan Today. Alfred Stead Japanese Girls and Women.Alice M. Bacon Lady of the Decoration, The. ; . Frances Little Miss Wisteria at Home.String (Reformed Board) Sunrise in the Sunrise Kingdom (text book) .John H. Deforest Tohoku, the Scotland of Japan.Noss (Reformed Board) Verbeck of Japan.. • W. E. Griffis Working Women of Japan.Sidney L. Gulick AFRICA IMPORTANT FACTS The continent of Africa has sufficient territory to accommodate India, China, Europe and the United States within its borders. The population is less than fifteen to the square mile. The great Sahara Desert and the Nile and Congo Rivers are prominent geographical features. There are 843 African languages and dialects. No one of these had a written form before the coming of the Christian missionary. Eleven European powers claim almost the whole continent. 111,000,000 of the people of Africa are pagans. 50,000,000 are followers of Islam. 4,000,000 are Christians. The names of David Livingstone, Henry M. Stanley and Wil¬ liam Taylor are inseparably linked with New Africa. “The Cross or the Crescent: which ?” AFRICA—BELGIAN CONGO American Baptists of the North, in 1884, adopted the Livingstone Inland Mission of England, in the Congo Free State of Africa, where it is esti¬ mated there are 15 millions of people. Among this number eight different religious bodies are at work. The mission has been steadily hampered by lack of funds and by an inadequate force of men and women. The work for children, girls and women has always been backward, because the staff of single women has been pitifully small and the missionary wives, with their multiplicity of duties, have been unable to give their time exclusively to this work. For the last few years there have been only two single women on the field, until in September, 1918, a third sailed from New York. The following summary shows faithful, steady work on the part of our hard-working missionaries: Seven Station schools; 250 Village schools; 1 Hospital; 104 Sunday schools; 2 Bible women. The Mission and the Board alike look forward to the time when, with a greatly augmented force, the schools may be raised in grade, industrial work introduced on well-organized and definite lines, Bible women trained, hospitals built and African women taught to be nurses, home makers, intelli¬ gent mothers and Christian leaders among their own people. All this means greater enlistment of life and larger gifts of money. 142 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT BANZA MANTEKE Educational Work FRANCES A. COLE Station Day School 60 boys—72 girls 3 native men teachers (Furlough 1919-20) 61 Village schools 1270 boys—1483 girls 62 Sunday schools. We closed the schools a little before the usual time for Christmas vaca¬ tion because there was much sickness about. My Station School Assistant got influenza, as did many of the people. Small-pox had not entirely dis¬ appeared when the influenza epidemic came. We lost one of our teachers in a town where we have a large school; he was a good fellow and it will be hard to fill his place. His wife also died. There were more than fifty deaths in that town. Mrs. Richards was kept very busy during these weeks, her dispensary helpers were both sick, at one time she feared for the life of the elder one, who had a relapse. The school attendance was good until these troubles came, but when there were sick ones in so many homes we could not expect a full school. The conditions were harder on account of lack of food. Mrs. Richards visited a home where several were sick and she found they only had a piece of raw manioc and they were not well enough to cook it. I make a practise of speaking to the young folks who are sent to me from the villages. A boy came to receive material for his father’s school recently. I asked him if he were a member of the church. He said, “No, I am not in the church, but I am saved.” He told me that he was soon coming for examination. I found afterwards that his father, a fine Chris¬ tian man, wanted to be quite sure first that his boy was really converted before taking that step. F. A. Cole. KIMPESE DR. CATHARINE L. MABIE (Our woman representative on the faculty) Congo Evangelical Institution My roses are a continual source of rest and joy. I have on the typewriter table beside me as I write a dozen of the most exquisite La France buds just bursting into wonderful roses. A trellis at one end of the verandah is covered with fragrant yellow Gloire de Dejon blooms and along the paths leading to the house are white, red and pink roses of various kinds less celebrated, but very good to look upon. I had gotten from a friend at the Pool a tiny poinsettia just before I went home. The caretaker has. kept it and even planted seeds from it, so we have something really Christmasy at last. The people have been so unfeignedly glad to see their doctor back again that it has seemed very good to her to be back where they needed her so very much. We shall soon get the wheels oiled and moving with less friction and noise than they have made these first days of being adjusted. The rains are very heavy and frequent and it’s hot, hot, hot already, and the hot season has hardly begun, but we are glad to have the season so, as it promises soon to relieve the long hungry time which the people OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 143 have had. Last year’s rains failed and food has been very scarce. Our own plantain and banana trees, many of them, have died for want of rain. I was able to supplement the small stock of food which, brought as baggage, fell to my portion at Matadi when we divided, with some very crude sugar from South Africa at thirty cents a pound and a couple of pound tins of Portuguese butter put up by “Sousa” and Company and sold at seven francs a pound tin. It’s not quite so loud as some of the produc¬ tions which the greater Sousa blows out in his city by the lake, but it cer¬ tainly is not the best butter I ever ate. We got a small case of potatoes from the “Afrique” for thirty francs which, after paying twelve and one-half per cent duty and railways charges on, are veritable gold nuggets. Native fowls are selling at thirty cents, a live pound. All provisions are in like proportion. If one. could only live like the great king of old Babylon on grass for a season, it would solve the financial end of things considerably, for grass doth abound in these parts, yea, verily it flourishes like sinners and green bay trees. ' Catharine Mabie, M. D. LUKUNGA 1 Boarding and Day School REV. AND MRS. THOMAS HILL 6 girls—39 boys 2 native men teachers 47 Village schools 296 girls—409 boys 36 native men teachers 1 Sunday school 48 average attendance 47 baptisms On October 12 the teachers came in for conference, bringing many of our old boys with them and a number of new ones. Three young men have come from the North Bank anxious for further instruction. Two of them are above the average. One was baptized in June and the other is waiting to be more fully instructed “in the Way.” They have worked receiving good pay. In coming to school they have only their weekly allowance for food and one franc per month, but their hearts are set on learning. The third young man is equally bright and interesting, but terribly deformed, yet he always wears a. smile. He was baptized a year and a half ago. The influence of these Christian young men on the younger boys is good and we are glad to find this willingness to make sacrifice in order to obtain the things of lasting value. The influenza visited us in December. Forty-six were under treatment at one time. Two passed away and were laid to rest on Christmas afternoon. I have only a few girls, but they are such nice little “brownies.” They are with me in the house and help with the work of setting the table, wash¬ ing dishes, making beds, sweeping and learning to sew, and of course are daily in school. Mrs. Clara Hill. 144 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT MUKIMVIKA REV. AND MRS. A. L. BAIN 1 Boarding and Day School 12 girls—29 boys 1 native man teacher 11 boarders 30 day pupils 10 girls—20 boys 3 Village schools 10 girls—34 boys 3 native men teachers Our sailing from America having been delayed, we arrived here in the hot season. Having just emerged from the cold winter weather in Europe, we found it necessary to be cautious as to our health. This was made more necessary by the fact that we arrived without provisions, it having been impossible to secure shipment for our goods on account of the war. With the lack of native food—because of severe and prolonged drought—we could not begin our station school immediately. This, however, gave us more time to visit the villages and become acquainted with the people. It also enabled us to plan more wisely for our future work. The ten girls whom I report as day pupils are really all married women. Five of these have professed Christ and three others are interested. The one most regular in attendance is the wife of the chief of our nearest vil¬ lage. She is one of our staunchest Christians, having several times gone to different villages and borne testimony of the truth and power of the Gospel of Christ. She was formerly a witch doctor and consequently has greater influence than the ordinary woman. She is heard and respected by both men and women. Her husband is also a Christian. The husbands of three of the other women have been in Mr. Bain’s teachers’ training class and expect to begin work among some of the distant villages the first of the year. The boarding school pupils have done exceptionally well. Four of them who came from distant villages and did not know as much as their vowels, finished the primer and started a book on the parables and miracles of Christ after less than two months and a half in school. Our small number in the boarding school is due to the scarcity and high cost of food. From the first I have tried to do some work among the women. I have held meetings with them, visited with them in their villages, and tried to interest them in church services and school. I have reason to believe that the work has not been entirely in vain. Here, as in all parts of Congo, this is the most difficult branch of work. From their birth the women are owned by the men and are practically. their slaves. Child marriage, polygamy and unabashed immorality are the great obstacles. One woman, when I was pleading with her to accept Christ and trying to show her that fetishes had no power, said: “Oh, if it were only a question of fetishes we would not hesitate. It is this marriage business that hinders us women._ I am a second wife and, therefore, am living in sin according to the Christian teaching. I cannot leave my husband; he is my master.” I told her that according to the law of the colony she could go to the state official and claim release as, having been married as a child, she had had no say. She only replied: “That is difficult.” And it is. The women are so held by the men of their own and their husband’s family that they practically cannot move without the consent of all concerned. OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 145 One young woman, who had been given away in marriage when only six months old, came to us for help to be released from her husband. He had an older wife whom he loved more than he did her and she did not love him at all. After the birth and death of her baby, which took place in her home town, she told her relatives that she did not wish to return to her husband, but they forced her back. After several fruitless efforts on her part Mr. Bain went with her to the nearest State Official and in less than a week the matter was settled. I wish you could have seen what a happy young woman she was. Two weeks later she publicly professed her faith in Christ. Mrs. A. L. Bain. NTONDO (1917 figures) Boarding and Day School 80 boys—50 girls 5 native teachers 3 men—2 women REV. AND MRS. W. E. RODGERS EDNA ODEN (Language study) 35 Village schools 946 boys—570 girls 39 native teachers 36 men—3 women 36 Sunday schools 1530 average attendance 22 baptisms 1 Bible woman “It’s a long way to Ntondo, It’s a long way to go.” How true! The Rodgers and I arrived the 17th of December. It was a long, tiresome trip and we are grateful to God that we were kept from illness and danger. This is a beautiful spot. I have been given a hearty welcome and am anxious to begin my language study. Dr. Ostrom has found a teacher for me, .and while I am studying I shall help Mrs. Rodgers in the school and Mrs. Ostrom will help me with the girls.. This is a large field and much work to be done. I hope I shall be able to direct in the right path the girls who have been put in my care and that they may become strong Christian women. I was given a new name—Longonda—at the very first service I attended. It means tall and slender. Edna Oden. SONA BATA Educational Work MRS. P. A. McDIARMID Evangelistic and Medical Work MRS. P. FREDERICKSON Boarding and Day School 56 boys—32 girls 2 native men teachers 90 Village schools 1222 boys—493 girls 90 native men teachers 5 Sunday schools 650 average attendance 35 baptisms 1 Bible woman The new class are a nice lot of children; as a rule, the girls are not as far advanced as the boys, for in the towns the girls have to go to the gardens to work when their more favored brothers stay at home and go to school if they have a teacher in their town. 146 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT We were going along splendidly when influenza reached us and we had to close school. Toko, Mrs. McDiarmid’s cook, a faithful Christian boy, who has been with her several years, died. Others have been very seriously ill, but they are getting better. A great many natives have died in their towns and a number of white folk at the larger places. It is a difficult matter to isolate the natives; they are so careless and do not think of contagion. To try and keep our house girls well we had them sleep in the cook houses. My cook house is only a shed so Mrs. McDiarmid had one of my girls added to her number and Mrs. Fredrickson the other. They slept under the table on a mat and had the nice quilts you sent them, which kept them very comfortable. Work has been almost at a standstill for some weeks (excepting medical), but we are hoping by the beginning of the year to have everything going as usual. Mrs. Thomas Moody. The “flu” is still raging in many places. The people say that over a hundred boys and girls have died at a Catholic station, where they keep many children. We have had twenty cases, with one death, on the station, but two or three of those who left us died. One was perfectly well when he left, but became infected in town. Our meetings have been resumed, and the people are pleased. Last Sunday there were 145 to break bread. Today we are happy because school commenced again after the “flu.” The few who came back look thin and starved, and every one had been sick. There has been a great scarcity of food. Nearly every one was ill, and when one dies his nearest friends and relations must not work for some time, in the case of widows for six months. We have had difficulty for two months getting half enough food for those who re¬ fused to leave and our helpers. This plague shall turn many to God. Mrs. P. Fredericicson. MBUDI Our Bible-woman on her way to a native village. Sona Bata, Africa TSHUMBIRI REV. AND MRS. L. F. WOOD Boarding and Day School (No statistics or report received.) OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 147 VANGA DR. AND MRS. W. H. LESLIE Boarding and Day School 180 boys—25 girls 3 native teachers 2 men—1 woman 14 Village schools 364 pupils Hospital 2 assistants 260 in-patients 1000 out-patients The schools have been running the entire year, with the exception of July and August. During the last term we were very much distressed and hampered by the scarcity of food, being able to buy only small quantities and the supplies from our plantation were very much reduced. The chil¬ dren endured the hunger heroically, taking thankfully what food we could give them and keeping on in school. Some days a small handful of corn and a few peanuts were all they received for the day’s rations. In addition to the station and village schools there is the work at Moanza with its out stations, having at least 160 children under instruction. These schools we were forced to open to prevent the Roman Catholics from occupying them. Our older school boys had to be sent to teach in these schools, and as some of them were very anxious to keep up their own studies or to get into the shop and learn to work in wood, besides dreading the loneliness in strange towns, the out-station work has been very difficult When Dr. Leslie must be away from the station, the work is too heavy for one person to carry. The school work alone is a big undertaking, and added to that is a daily preaching service, two hours or more tramping around the plantation, looking after squads of boys and girls, planting, clearing, weeding and hoeing. There is always some medical work and occasionally something really serious. It was a great disappointment to us not to see Miss Grage last fall. We will be glad of a nurse, as well as a teacher. I wish I could make you realize our need. We are not able to give the personal attention to the older classes we know they should have, especially the boys, for the State demands a tax of boys fourteen to fifteen years of age and they must leave school and earn money before they have learned all we would like to teach them. We had our first Christian marriage last Sunday, one of our best girls marrying a fine Christian young man. He has built a very nice little house just outside the mission property and so they will be under our care for a time while he works for the mission. A large number of school girls are anxious Jo be Christians. Besides the daily service they have a weekly prayer meeting of their own and we are hoping and praying that they may really come to the Lord Jesus and become His true followers. Mrs. W. H. Leslie. 148 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT BOOK LIST AFRICA African Adventurers . Jean MacKenzie African Trail, An . Jean MacKenzie Call of the Dark Continent, The.F. D. Walker Christus Liberator (text book for women) .Ellen C. Parsons Congoland (for young people) ... Kenred Smith David Livingstone.Silvester C. Horne Dawn in the Dark Continent.James Stewart Daybreak in the Dark Continent (text book) .Wilson S. Naylor Fetichism in West Africa.R. H. Nassau Folk Tales of Angola. H. Chatelain Heart of Central Africa, The.J. M. Springer How I Found Livingstone.. Henry M. Stanley Jungle Folks of Africa, The. Robert H. Milligan Livingstone, The Pathfinder (for young people) .Basil Mathews Lone Woman in Africa, A. Agnes McAllister Lure of Africa, The.C. H. Patton Moffats, The (for young people) . Ethel D. Hubbard Mary Slessor of Calabar. W. P. Livingstone The Price of Africa. S. Earl Taylor (Sketches of missionary heroes) Our Work on the Congo (pamphlet) .Catharine L. Mabie Snap Shots from Sunny Africa.Mrs. Helen E. Springer Thinking Black. Dan Crawford Tribe of Zambe. Truell (Reformed Board) Uganda’s White man of Work (for young people) . Sophia L. Fahs Unoccupied Mission Fields. S. M. Zwemer THE PHILIPPINES IMPORTANT FACTS The Philippine archipelago lies in the Pacific Ocean, almost due south of China and north of Australia. The Philippines consist of 2,500 large and small islands, with a total area larger than New England, New York and New Jersey. (See map.) The population is about 7,650,000, mostly descendants of various Malay tribes. More than half a million of the inhabitants are pagan, as follows: Igorrotes; 215,000 living in the mountains in the north and animistic in belief. Moros; 277,500 living in small islands to the south, mostly fanatical Mohammedans. Negritos; 23,500, and minor tribes scattered and dying out. There are 55,000 Chinese in the cities and towns. From 1564 until the American occupation, the country was under Roman Catholic domination. Great tracts of land were owned by the friars and the people were oppressed and illiterate. In 1898, the Philippines were annexed to the United States. Our first JBaptist missionary, Rev. Eric Lund, began work in Jaro, a suburb of Iloilo, in 1900. THE PHILIPPINES There is a wonderful opportunity and prospect for Christian work in the Philippines. We have only, as a Church, to imitate the faith and generous investment of our Government to see great results. The first experimental period has passed in our colony. Gradually it must have independence. Shall it be so strengthened in Truth that it will be safe for independence and democracy? Our Baptist Mission has had some dark days and re¬ verses, but the few women who remain are doing faithful, effective work. The question we must face is a gradual lessening of this work or a very decided strengthening. If we are to accomplish what we ought, we should have strong re-enforcements. BACOLOD Educational and Girls’ Dormitory Dispensary 2 Bible women Bacolod Kindergarten Medical Work SARAH WHELPTON MRS. W. O. VALENTINE The two Bible women did good work out in the country with two churches that have no regular pastor. In April we went out there and 150 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT spent one Sunday, when a very neat little chapel was dedicated that the church members had planned and built themselves with a little help from friends. The two undergraduates have visited the churches all through the district* spending one month here in Bacolod, when they live with us in the ^°Two of my girls here in the dormitory were baptized last night and two splendid young men from my Sunday school class, students in third year high. One of the girls is a nurse and is soon to be married to one of the most earnest and faithful young men in the Bacolod Church. He is Super¬ intendent of the morning Sunday school. Sarah Whelpton. Our kindergartens are moving along and we believe doing a good work. The one here has increased in attendance and added greatly to our Sunday school. I sent two girls to Cadiz in Northern Negros to start a kindergar¬ ten. It is a long distance from here and I have not visited them yet, but they write that they have thirty-six and expect more pupils. Mrs. W. O. Valentine. Educational Work MARGARET SUMAN Educational and Evangelistic Work REV. AND MRS. G. J. GEIS CAPIZ Home School 32 girls—35 boys 4 native teachers 3 women—1 man 2 Village schools 29 girls—19 boys 2 native women teachers 7 baptisms 4 Bible women We have had seven baptisms during the year. There have been seventy- five in the home, a few of whom we had to send away for various reasons. Of these about ten paid all of their expenses. I took these pay pupils in fear and trembling and have been much pleased with the results. Had it not been for these pay pupils our school would have been much, smaller. Dame Rumor has it that because of the terrible scourge of Spanish influenza many people could not harvest their rice and that we are to. have the greatest rice shortage we have had since the American occupation. Cer¬ tainly the price of rice is steadily rising. I have bought in enough for six months, but it is nine months before the next harvest. . . We had our siege of influenza, but all are well now and beginning to look as our children used to look,—fat and healthy. We have been short of teachers, but Mrs. Geis has helped us out with that. Margaret Suman. Another Bible woman was placed in a village, on the other side of the river, called Penamoc-an. When I visited the station in August Miss Jayme had seven pupils under instruction. When I was there last week I saw a nice nepa chapel, which the people had built themselves, and twenty- four children under instruction. They recited their Christmas program for me. All of the singing and speaking were in Visayan, except one which OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 151 was recited in English for my special benefit. One little fellow stood before that audience like a little orator and recited two pages of the first reader, which ran something like this: “How old are you, Pedro? I am six years old, Rufina. Where are you going, Pedro? I am going to. school, Rufina. What is your father’s name, Pedro? My father’s name is Jose. What is your mother’s name, Pedro? My mother’s name is Anotolia.” Since the coming of our two Bible women on the field ten persons have been baptized and two Sunday schools opened. We certainly need more such women, for they can visit homes and meet the people as the native preachers cannot. Just as soon as the Bible school in Jaro closes I shall be able to place two more Bible women in this field. George J. Gets. ILOILO Educational and Evangelistic Work ANNA V. JOHNSON FRIEDA L. APPEL OLIVIA JOHNSON (Died January 19, 1919) SELMA LAGERGREN Medical Work ROSE E. NICOLET (Baptist) Woman’s Bible Training School 66 girls 6 native teachers 4 men—2 women 15 Village schools (including 7 kinder¬ gartens) 318 boys—262 girls 20 native teachers 6 men—14 women 10 Bible women 60 Sunday schools 5000 average attendance 61 baptisms 4 Bible women Kindergarten Department 2 Practise Kindergartens 43 boys—42 girls 4 native women teachers Nurses’ Training School (In connection with Union Hospital) 26 native nurses The Training School had the pleasure of graduating thirteen splendid young women in March, all of whom have been, and still are, in active work on Negros and Panay. The demand on the school for these trained work¬ ers is far greater than we are able to supply. Out of the new class that came in when school opened last June ten have been baptized and added to the Jaro church. The new year, 1918, was inaugurated with a ten-day workers’ institute held at the Training School, and was attended by some thirty, mostly young people, from the different churches; men and women full of interest who desire to learn the best methods of doing the Lord’s work. In November the influenza reappeared in a far more severe form than during June and July, and this time we did not escape. Miss Selma Lager- gren had just gotten back from the states and she was among the first ones to take it. We had as many as twenty-five girls in bed at one time and out of a family of sixty-one only three escaped the disease and one of the seniors died. This young woman was just finishing seventh grade, as well as her four-year Bible and Training course. She was such a beautiful character and so anxious to get into the work. 152 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT Some of our girls go with Dr. Thomas and his nurse to an out-station clinic every Saturday, and while the doctor and nurse are busy with sick bodies the Training School girls minister to sick souls, and, perchance, broken hearts. Anna V. Johnson. Our four Bible women have been doing good work and report over fifty converts in the fourteen places visited. In November when the influenza broke out among us, they also were laid up, and had to leave their stations till after the Christmas holidays. The year of hard work has made some wonderful improvements in our music. We have two classes in sight reading and vocal instruction, one taught by my assistant and the other by myself. Fifty pupils are studying on the instrument. Perhaps you can get a faint idea, if you have one who practices in your home, of what it is to have three pianos and eleven organs all in use at the same time. Two of the girls, who have voices with a better quality than we usually find among these people, are receiving voice culture and training. We have a mixed choir, consisting of boys from the Indus¬ trial school and girls from the Training school, and they do sing so well, and when I say this it means more than it does in America because the Filipino sings very harshly and thinks singing means to make a big noise and this he does with all his might. The Christian Endeavor Society gives me more pleasure than any other work not immediately connected with the Training school. We meet on Saturday evening and use the same topics you have at home, only we prepare them two months later, as this gives us a chance to get the Chris¬ tian Endeavor World, with its splendid helps and suggestions for every meeting. It is all carried on in the English language and the young people take hold with such zeal and enthusiasm that it does one’s heart good. Frieda L. Appel. We had thirty nurses in the hospital at the beginning of the year. After the graduating class left we decided that twenty-eight would be enough during these days of high prices. The Lord took one to Himself and one left hoping to get married, and so we now have twenty-six in training. The aim of the school is three fold: To train young women to become self-supporting, helpful Christian women. To minister to the sick within the hospital. To serve the general, public by going to the homes of sick people who do not care to go to hospitals or who live too far away to come. The course is of three years. To conform to hospital requirements the students must have entered high school. All our class work is therefore in English. Classes are held every week day for nine months, except in cases of emergencies.. We follow the curriculum of the General Hospital of Manila, as that is the one mapped out by the government. Our nurses come from five different islands, four belonging to the Visayan group with quite distinct local differences, one nurse from the OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 153 other island has had to learn our dialect and is now happy because she can do personal Christian work. From the fact that the dialects differ so much it is quite essential there be a common language, though it is remarkable how much of the simplified text book language is misunderstood. The 1918 graduating class numbered six, all but one are doing govern¬ ment district work and we hear good reports of their work. Three of AN OLD STREET, ILOILO, PANAY, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS them have expressed a desire to do mission work and we are hoping to open more dispensaries as soon as Dr. Thomas’s time is not so occupied. During this past year we started three dispensaries, making four in all. One is connected with one of Mr. Valentine’s private schools. The nurse receives her salary from the people of the town, we supplying the initial equipment, drugs and other necessities. One dispensary is in a near-by town, the house was built by those friendly to our work. Dr. Thomas, with one or two nurses, and one of Miss Johnson’s Bible women, go out once a week. Perhaps you will think that weekly visits can bring but little result, but it seems that from that tour we are having more patients than from the other towns in which we have dispensaries. The other two dispensaries have paid nurses, who are there all the time. One has long passed the time when people fear to approach her. The other is going through that period, but is fearless and very optimistic. We are gratified at the good report of the pupil nurses’ work whom we send out in private families. Rose E. Nicolet. 154 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT When Miss Olivia Johnson was a little girl in Sweden, she became inter¬ ested in Foreign Missions through the influence of her Sunday school teacher. When a young woman, she came to the United States believing she could better accomplish her purpose to become a foreign missionary in this country than in her own land. After two years in the Baptist Mission¬ ary Training School, Chicago, she was graduated in 1908 and desired then to take up the work to which she had given her life. Advised to spend more time in study and preparation she went to Bethel Academy, Minne¬ apolis, for study. She was graduated from the Academy in the spring of 1913. She wrote at once to a member of the Board of what was then the Society of the West: “Do you think I can go to the Foreign field now?” She was told to come to Chicago to meet the Board. Those who were present that day can never forget her radiant face as she told of her life purpose, and the years of preparation that made it possible for her to answer the call that came to her in her childhood. Miss Johnson returned for furlough the spring of 1918, and had plans for study during the time spent in this country which would make her more efficient for her work in Jaro. January 19, 1919, she passed beyond, and her work here was ended, and yet we know that her five years in Jaro will still influence for good, her co-workers and the Filipino women she so desired to help. BOOK LIST PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Cross of Christ in Bolo-Land, The. Jack and Janet in the Philippines. New Era in the Philippines, The. Philippines and the Far East, The. Philippine Life in Town and Country. Progressing Philippines, The . Spell of the Hawaiian Islands and the Philippines, The .John M. Dean Norma W. Thomas .. Arthur J. Brown .H. C. Stuntz ... James A. Leroy Charles W. Briggs . .. Isabel Anderson OUR JUBILEE As we think and talk of plans for celebrating our Fiftieth Anni¬ versary it is interesting to compare the period of organization in 1871 with our present after-war situation. They were dark days in the late sixties. Poverty, high prices, broken homes and hearts and distrust reigned throughout the coun¬ try north and south. Yet at that moment of greatest depression and need of national reconstruction our international relations in the Kingdom of God began to take form, and our Woman’s Foreign Missionary Societies were born. Now, after five decades, we face world reconstruction. We have made a beginning in fifty years in ten fields. Our God-given charter of work for women and children has enabled us to build foundations now firmly established. The next fifty years belong to the rising generation. Prepared as our mothers were not by col¬ lege and social training, by world movements, by the general ad¬ vance in the powers and progress of women, what may we not ex¬ pect? It is for our Society to catch the vision of the future, to plan greatly and with a firm faith to go forward to make the vision a reality. More than anything else we need young women of power and thorough training for all our fields. Let us count not merely buildings and money as our Jubilee objective, but first of all, above all, the gift of life. We should double our workers on the foreign field. That would surely result in a doubling of gifts. Are we calling young women to great tasks ? They were ready to give themselves for world war and for reconstruction. We must have their love and loyalty and enthusiasm for this greater task of saving the world. Let us see that our daughters assume a large part in carrying out the plans for the Jubilee, and enter vitally into the plans for the next fifty years. Our mothers had their after-war experience and their mission¬ ary renaissance. This war is our children's and grandchildren’s. What is to be their spiritual reaction? Surely they will have a broader internationalism, a sense of world kinship, a new realiza¬ tion of sacrifice and a new understanding of the heroic. But there are dangers. With greater freedom and a cutting loose from old standards religious Bolshevism may ensue. Let us not forget, “All’s love, but all’s law.” For the salvation of our young men and women we must not minimize the task of saving the world, but must put upon them the responsibility. While celebrating fifty 156 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT good years past let us also celebrate the fifty infinitely better years to come by initiating our young women into our blessed fellowship in this noble Society. LIST OF MISSIONARIES OF THE W. A. B. F. M. S. IN ACTIVE SERVICE Acock, Amy A., Morioka, Japan Allen, Thomasine, 2 Nakajima-cho, Sendai, Japan Anderson, Ruby L., 10 Fujima-cho, Rokuchome, Kojimachi, Tokyo, Japan Appel, Frieda L., Iloilo, Panay, Philippine Islands Armstrong, Kate W., McMaster University, Toronto, Canada Aston, Gwladys R., Kityang, via Swatow, China. Ayers, Flora E., Prome, Burma Bacheler, Mary W., M. D., Balasore, India Ballard, Edith P., Narsaravupet, Guntur District, South India Barnes, Emilie E., Mohammednugar P. O., Jellasore, Balasore District, India Bassett, Beulah E., 129 South Matthews Street, Los Angeles, California Benjamin, Lena A., M. D., Nellore, Nellore District, South India Bent, Julia E. (Glens Falls, New York), Madras, South India Bissell, Helen E., Sandoway, Burma Bixby, Alice C., 47 Shimotera Machi, Himeji, Japan Boggs, Ethel A., Nellore, Nellore District, South India Bond, Ella C., Tura, Assam, India Booker, Lucy H., Podili, South India Bovell, Mabel E., Chengtu, West China Bretthauer, Emilie, M. D., Suifu, Szchuan Province, via Chungking, West China Briggs, Mrs. Frank C., 47 Shimotera Machi, Himeji, Japan Brittingham, Harriet H., Hangchow, China Brodbeck, L. Emma, Chengtu, West China Brown* Lydia, Ginling College, Nanking, China Bullard, E. Grace, Kavali, Nellore District, South India Buzzell, Annie S., Sendai, Japan (1433 Stevens Bldg., Chicago, Illinois) Camp, Evalyn A., Imasato Kamitsu Mure, Nishinari Gun, Osaka, Japan Campbell, Louise (McMinnville, Oregon), Kaying, via Swatow, China Carman, Florence E., Upton Park, Rochester, New York. Carpenter, M. M., 10 Fukuro Machi, Suruga Dai, Tokyo, Japan Chute, Elberta, Bishopville, Vepery, Madras, South India Clagett, M. A., 10 Fukuro Machi, Suruga Dai, Tokyo, Japan Cole, Frances A., care of W. A. B. F. M. S., 702 Ford Bldg., Boston, Massachusetts Converse, Clara A., 3131 Aoki Machi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Japan Coombs, L. C., Balasore, India Crawford, L. Jennie, Suifu, Szchuan Province, via Chungking, West China Cressey, Mary, Ningpo, China Crisenberry, Edith E. (Mt. Gilead, Ohio), Nowgong, Assam, India Crooks, Frances E., Bassein, Burma Crosby, Amy R., care of W. A. B. F. M. S., 702 Ford Bldg., Boston, Massa¬ chusetts OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 15? Culley, Mabelle R., Swatow, China Daniels, Ruth, Midnapore, India Danielson, Mary E., care of W. A. B. F. M. S., 702 Ford Bldg., Boston, Massachusetts Davis, Bertha E., Myingyan, Burma Degenring, Anna M., M. D., Nellore, Nellore District, South India Dessa, Amelia E., Ongole, Guntur District, South India Dithridge, Harriet L., 101 Hara Machi, Koishikawa, Tokyo, Japan Doe, Florence H., Nowgong, Assam, India Dowling, Marie A., Shaohsing, Chekiang Province, China Draper, Ella J., Nellore, Nellore District, South India Dresser, Ursula, Ongole, South India Eastman, Lillian, Kemendine, Rangoon, Burma Elliott, Mrs. Ida B., 1433 Stevens Bldg., Chicago, Illinois Evans, Bertha M. (5622 Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois), care of Dr. Fer¬ guson, Madras, India Everham, Marguerite, M. D., Swatow, China Failing, Kate W., Ongole, South India Farbar, Marian E., M. D., Camp Stratton, Colorado Springs, Colorado Fielden, Helen H., Swatow, China Finney, Nona G., Bassein, Burma. Foster, Anna E., Kaying, via Swatow, China French, Kate M., Secunderabad, Deccan, South India Gates, M. Jean, Shaohsing, Chekiang Province, China Geisenhener, Augusta M., Selden, Kansas Gifford, Martha J., M. D., Moulmein, Burma Goddard, Mrs. J. R., Shaohsing, Chekiang Province, China Good, Helen M., Moulmein, Burma Haven, F. Marguerite, 3131 Aoki Machi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Japan Hay, Elizabeth, Nowgong, Assam, India Hesseltine, Carrie E., Maubin, Burma Hewey, Clarissa A., Kinhwa, China Hill, Ella A., Ningpo, China Hill, Viola C., Ningpo, China Hokanson, Esther, Huchow, China Holbrook, Linnie M., Tura, Assam, India Holder, Mrs. Ida M., Estacada, Oregon Hollis, Edith, Brockton, Massachusetts Holmes, E. Marie, Gauhati, Assam, India Holmes, Nettie E., Gauhati, Assam, India Hook, Lilian M. van, Shaohsing, Chekiang Province, China Hughes. Lizbeth B., Moulmein, Burma Hunt, Ethel, Moulmein, Burma Hunt, Helen K., Box 100, Rangoon, Burma Irving, Emma S., Ningpo, China Jesse, Mary D., Ashland, Virginia (Morioka, Japan) Johnson, Anna V., Iloilo, Panay, Philippine Islands Johnson, C. L., 3735 Sheffield Ave., Chicago, Illinois _ Johnson, Sigrid, Ongole, Guntur District, South India Tones, Mary I., Huchow, China Kelly, Sarah, Ongole, Guntur District, South India Kinnaman, Maud, M. D., Woman’s Medical College, Vellore, South India 158 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT Lagergren, Selma G., Iloilo, Panay, Philippine Islands Lawrence, Emilie G., Mandalay, Burma Lawrence, F. Jane, Ningpo, China Leach, Clara C., M. D., Kityang, via Swatow, China Lindberg, Esther W., Moulmein, Burma Long, Anna E., Nowgong, Assam, India Mabie, Catharine L., M. D., Kimpese, via Matadi, Congo Beige, S. W., Africa Magilton, Annie S., 535 West Bridge St., Phoenixville, Pennsylvania (Nellore, South India) Maxville, Selma M., Moulmein, Burma Mead, Lavinia, Imasato Kamitsu Mure, Nishinari Gun, Osaka, Japan Mix, Mrs. H. W., Taunggyi, Burma Morrow, Melissa E., Sooriapett, A. B. Mission, via Nakrakal P. O., Deccan, South India Mosier, Mildred, Moulmein, Burma Munroe, Helen W., 3131 Aoki Machi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Japan Nash, Elizabeth, care of Mr. R. D. Stafford, 9 Hankow Rd., Shanghai, China Neufeld, Aganetha, Nalgonda, via Nakrakal P. O., Deccan, South India Nichols, May A., Gauhati, Assam, India Nicolet, Rose E., Iloilo, Panay, Philippine Islands Northcott, Fannie, Lakefield, Ontario, Canada Oden, Edna, Ntondo, A. B. Mission, via Irebu, Congo Beige, Africa Page, F. Pearl, Horton, Kansas (Suifu, West China) Parish, Mary L., Pegu, Burma Parrott, Julia E., Mandalay, Burma Pawley, Annabelle, 47 Shimotera Machi, Himeji, Japan Pearson, Georgiana, Huchow, China Peck, Augusta H., Thonze, Burma Pennington, Grace L., Bassein, Burma Peterson, Ellen J., care of W. A. B. F. M. S., 702 Ford Bldg., Boston, Massachusetts Peterson, V. R., Tharrawaddy, Burma Petheram, Hattie V. (Madison, South Dakota), Nyaunglebin, Burma Phillips, Mary E., Rangoon, Burma Phinney, Harriet, Insein, Burma Pittman, Alma L. (315 Asheboro St., Greensboro, North Carolina), Shaohsing, China Porter, Amorette, Balasore, India Pound, Minnie B., care of W. A. B. F. M. S., 702 Ford Bldg., Boston. Massachusetts Price, Hattie M., Kemendine, Rangoon, Burma Prince, Annie L., Moulmein, Burma Putnam, Carrie E. (Mayville, New York), Maubin, Burma Ragon, Alta O., Toungoo, Burma Ragon, Stella T., Bhamo, Burma Ranney, Mary W., Sagaing, Burma Ranney, Ruth W., Insein, Burma Rawlings, Helen M., Hangchow, China Relyea, Stella, care of W. A. B. F. M. S., 702 Ford Bldg., Boston, Massa¬ chusetts OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 159 Rivenburg, Narola, Ginling College, Nanking, China Roberts, Susan, Ongole, Guntur District, South India Roeder, Winifred M. (Smethport, Pennsylvania), Yachowfu, West China Ross, Ethel M., Nellore, Nellore District, South India Ryden, Lilly, Nyaunglebin, Burma Ryder, Gertrude E., 51 Tenna-cho, Yotsuya, Tokyo, Japan Salquist, Mrs. Anna M., Suifu, Szchuan Province, via Chengtu, West China Sandberg, Minnie V., 101 Hara Machi, Koishikawa, Tokyo, Japan Sanderson, Abbie G., Swatow, China Sanford, Josephine V., Nellore, Nellore District. South India Sarber, Olive M., Woman’s Union Christian College, Madras, South India Seagrave, Rachel, Ahlone, Rangoon, Burma Shoemaker, Edna G., Huchow, China Simonson, Emma H., Kityang, China Slaght, Carrie E., M. D., Chengtu, West China Slater, Sarah R., Maymyo, Burma Smith, Harriet N., Ningpo, China Smith, Ruth E., 10 Fukuro Machi, Suruga Dai, Tokyo, Japan Sollman, Melvina, Swatow, China Stevenson, E. May, Impur, Assam, India. Suman, Margaret, Capiz, Panay, Philippine Islands . > . Sutherland, Margaret M., 5308 Blackstone Ave., Chicago, Illinois Tencate, Frances, Nellore, Nellore District, South India Thayer, F. Alice, A. B. M. Girls’ School, Mandalay, Burma Therolf, Frances, Chengtu, West China Thomas, Mary D., Henzada, Burma Thompson, Thora M., Tavoy, Burma Tingley, Clara B., Bassein, Burma Traver, Edith G., Swatow, China Tschirch, Louise E., Ahlone, Rangoon, Burma Upcraft, Mrs. Emma I., Chengtu, West China Vickland, E. Elizabeth, Gologhat, Assam, India. Wagner, Lillian V., Ramapatnam, Nellore District, South India Weaver, Florence R., M. D., Mahbubnagar, Deccan, South India Wellwood, Margaret, Swatow, China Whelpton, Sarah, Bacolod, Negros, Philippine Islands Whitaker, Dorcas, Cumbum, South India Whitehead, Agnes, Moulmein, Burma m , _u r. Wilcox, Edith F., care of W. A. B. F. M. S., 702 Ford Bldg., Boston, Massachusetts Wilson, Isabel, care of W. A. B. F. M. S., 702 Ford Bldg., Boston, Massa¬ chusetts Withers, Luciele A., Changning, via Swatow, China .. . . Worley, Mrs. Prudence C. (3011 Western Ave., Los Angeles, California;, Swatow, South China Zimmerman, Dora, Ningpo, China UNDER APPOINTMENT 1919 Argetsinger, Minnie M., Mansfield, Pennsylvania Designation—West China 160 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT Beebe, Marion A., 716 Peterson St., Fort Collins, Colorado Designation—Burma Bond, Mabel E., Moravia, New York Designation—Bengal-Orissa Doe, Gladys E., 616 Main St., Medford, Massachusetts Designation—Bengal-Orissa Fry, Ina B., 40 Chase St., Newton Center, Massachusetts Designation—Burma Jones, Olive E., Minerva, New York Designation—South India Lawney, Josephine E., M. D., Readsboro, Vermont Designation—East China Masales, Ethel A., 1433 Stevens Bldg., 16 N. Wabash Ave., Chicago, Illinois Designation—South India Meline, Agnes S., Colon, Nebraska Designation—J apan McCulloch, Gertrude F., 161 Maple Ave., Jackson, Michigan Designation—East China Reilly, Jenny L., R. N., 63 Larchmont Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts Designation—South India Tufts, Helen L., The Meadows, Vernon, New York Designation—South India Ward, Ruth C., W. 10th St., Uplands, California Designation—J apan Wilkinson, Jessie M. G., 23 West Cottage St., Dorchester, Massachusetts Designation—East China Wright, Charlotte A., Smiths Basin, New York Designation—Assam At Home for Extended Period Austin, Lucy L., 18 Mclnroy St., Wellsboro, Pennsylvania Chambers, Irene M., 856 Seventh Ave., North St. Petersburg, Florida Fetzer, Bertha— Detained in Germany Gowan, Sarah B., 161 Wood St., Lewiston, Maine Hartford, Stella S., Areola, Illinois Lemon, Annie M., 129 Lexington St., Covington, Virginia Minniss, La Verne, 56 South St., Bradford, Pennsylvania OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 161 Patton, Grace H., 105 Ford Place, Pasadena, California Rorer, Florence M., 135 E. Commerce St., Bridgeton, New Jersey Withdrawn During Year Bissinger, Caroline M. Phelps, Ethel Married During Year Scott, Mildred, M. D. Woods, M. Daisy At Home in Other Service Bacon, Edythe, 855 Parkwood Drive, Cleveland, Ohio Coe, Amy, Madison, Connecticut French, Ruth D., Milford, New Hampshire Lucas, Nellie E., 1311 W. 10th St., Des Moines, Iowa Moran, Margarita F., 541 Lexington Ave., New York, New York Retired George, Mrs. O. L. Scott, Mrs. Anna K., M. D. Riggs, Mary L. R. Taylor, Ella J. Righter, Clara E. Sheldon, M. M. Appointees Who Have Not Sailed Barnard, Elsie M. Grage, Mtnnie E. Died During the Year Howell, Ann Rix, Mabel C. Nourse, Mary A. Rorer, Florence M. L. Jennte Cody Eva C. Stark (Retired) Anna Fredrickson K. Olivia Johnson INDEX Acock, Amy C. 129 Adams, Rev. and Mrs. A. S. Ill Addresses of Missionaries.156-161 Africa .141-148 Allen, Thomasine . 133 Allur .55-56 Anderson, Ruby L. 134 Anglo-Indian Work . 40 Appel, Frieda L. 152 Armstrong, Rev. E. N. 39 Armstrong, Kate W. 39 Assam .44-53 Aston, Gwladys R. 114 Atmakur . 56 Austin, Luoy L. 160 Axling, Dr. and Mrs. William . 137 Ayers, Flora E. 15 B Bacheler, Dr. Mary W. 89 Bacolod .149-150 Bacon, Dr. Edythe A. 161 Bain, Rev. and Mrs. A. L. 144 Baker, Rev. and Mrs. Ben L. 110 Baker, Rev. and Mrs. J. M. 78 Balasore .89-91 Ballard, Edith P. 71 Banza Manteke . 142 Bapatla . 57 Baptist Missionary Training School Iloilo . 151 Barnard, Elsie M. 161 Barnes, Emily E. 91 Bassein .8, 24-26 Bassett, Beulah E. 120 Belgian Congo . 141 Bengal-Orissa .88-94 Benjamin, Dr. Lena A. 74 Bent, Julia E. 67 Bhamo .. 35 Bissell, Helen E. 38 Bissinger, Caroline M. 161 Bixby, Alice C. 127 Pago Boggs, Ethel A. 76 Boggs, Rev. and Mrs. W. B.80, 87 Bond, Ella C. 52 Booker, Lucy H. 62 Bovell, Mabel E. 119 Bradshaw, Rev. and Mrs. F. J.120 Bretthauer, Dr. Emilie E. 122 Briggs, Mrs. F. C. 126 Brittingham, Harriet H. 96 Brock, Rev. George H. 63 Brodbeck, Emma L. 118 Brown, Lydia . 102 Bullard, E. Grace . 63 Burket, Rev. and Mrs. E. S. Ill Burma . l-\7> Buzzell, Annie S . 132 c Camp, Evalyn A. 130 Campbell, Louise . 112 Capiz .150-151 Carman, Florence E. 72 Carpenter, Minnie M. 134 Carson, Mrs. A. E. 37 Case, Rev. and Mrs. B. C. 17 Chambers, Irene M. 160 Chaney, Rev. and Mrs. C. E. 26 Changning . Ill Chaochowfu . 110 Chengtu .118-120 China .95-124 Chins, The .36-37 Chute, Elberta . 67 Clagett, Miss M. A. 134 Cochrane, Rev. and Mrs. H. P. 16 Cody, Jennie L. 123 Coe, Amy B. 161 Cole, Fiances A. 142 Condict, Rev. and Mrs. E. C. 39 Congo Evangelical Institution . 142 Converse, Clara A. 139 Coombs, Lavina C. 89 Crawford, L. Jennie . 120 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 163 Page Page Cressey, Mary . 105 Crisenberry, Edith E... 47 Crooks, Frances E. 8 Crosby, Amy R. 136 Crozier, Dr. and Mrs. G. G. 49 Cullcy, Mabelle R. 115 Cumbum .57-58 Cummings, Rev. and Mrs. J. E. 9 Curtis, Rev. and Mrs. A. H. 57 Curtis, Rev. and Mrs. J. A. 58 D Daniels, Ruth . 92 Danielson, Mary E. 131 Davis, Bertha E. 14 Degcnring, Dr. Anna . 75 Dessa, Amelia E. 78 Dithridge, Harriet L. 135 Doe, Florence H. 47 Donakonda .58-59 Dormitory for Young Women at Bacolod . 149 Dowd, Rev. and Mrs. W. F. 49 Dowling, Marie A. 108 Draper, Ella J. 72 Dussman, Rev. and Mrs. John . 86 E Eastman, Lillian H. 18 Elliot, Mrs. Ida B. 10 Everham, Dr. Marguerite . 116 F Ferguson, Dr. and Mrs. W. L. 67 Fetzer, Bertha A. 160 Fielden, Helen H. 116 Finney, Nona G. 28 Firth, Rev. John . 50 Foster, Anna E. 112 Foster, Mrs. J. M. 113 Frederickson, Mrs. P. 146 Fredrickson, Anna E. .. 20 French, Kate M. 81 French, Ruth D. 161 Fry, Ina B. 38 G Gadval . 59 Garo Girls’ Boarding School, Gau- hati . 45 Garos, The . Gates, M. Jean . Gauhati .. Geis, Rev. and Mrs. G. J. Geisenhener, Augusta M. George, Mrs. O. L. Giffen, Mrs. J. H. Gifford, Dr. M. J. Ginling College, Nanking Goddard, Dr. F. W. Goddard, Mrs. Helen L. Gologhat . Good, Helen M. Gowan, Sarah B. Grage, Minnie E. Grant, Dr. and Mrs. J. S. Gurzalla . 52-53 . 109 45-46 . 150 . 45 . 161 . 112 . 41 .. 102 .. 106 .. 108 .46-47 .. 41 .. 160 .. 161 .. 103 .. 59 H Haka .37-38 Hangchow .96-98 Hanson, Rev. and Mrs. Ola . 35 Hanumakonda .60-62 Harding, Rev. F. W. 53 Harper, Rev. and Mrs. Robert . 33 Harris, Rev. and Mrs. E. N. .21, 28, 30, 31 Hartford, Stella S. 160 Haven, F. Marguerite . 139 Hay, Elizabeth . 47 Henderson, Dr. A. H. 34 Henzada .9, 26 Heptonstall, Rev. and Mrs. C. H., 33, 34 Hesseltine, Carrie E. 26 Hewey, Clarrisa A. 101 Hill, Ella A. 103 Hill, Rev. and Mrs. Thomas . 143 Hill, Viola C. 104 Himeji ..126-127 Hokanson, Esther E. 98 Holbrook, Linnie M.. 52 Holder, Mrs. Ida M. 93 Hollis, Edith E. 81 Holmes, E. Marie . 45 Holmes, Nettie E. 45 Home School, Capiz. 150 Hook, Lilian van . 106 Hopo .111-112 Hospitals: Clough Memorial . 79 164 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT Page Page Ellen Mitchell Memorial, Moul- mein .41-43 Etta Waterbury Memorial, Uday- agiri .84-85 Huchow .98-100 Josephine M. Bixby, Memorial, Kityang .113-115 Kinhwa .100-101 Nalgonda .70-71 Nell ore .74-76 Ningpo .105-106 Ramapatnam . 80 Shaohsing . 109 Sooriapett . 83 Suifu . 122 Swatow .116-117 Howell, Ann . 161 Hsipaw . 33 Hubert, Rev. and Mrs. A. J. 83 Huchow .98-100 Hughes, Lizbeth B. 13 Hunt, Ethel L. 14 Iloilo .151-154 Impur . 49 India, South .54-87 Ingram, Rev. and Mrs. J. Francis 12, 22 Insein .9-10 Irving, Emma S. 103 J Jackman, Rev. and Mrs. L. 50 Jangaon .65-66 Japan .125-140 Jellasore . 91 Jesse, Mary E. 129 Johnson, Anna V. 151 Johnson, Cecilia L. 31 Johnson, K. Olivia . 154 Johnson, Sigrid C. 79 Jones, Mary 1. 99 Jubilee . 155 K Kachins, The . 35 Kandukuru . 62 Kanigiri . 63 Karens, The .23-24 Kavali ...63-64 Kaying .112-113 Kelley, Sarah . 78 Kemendine Girls’ School, Rangoon 18-20 Kiating . 120 Kimpese .142-143 Kindergarten Training School, Iloilo 151 Kindergarten Training School, Tokyo .135-136 Kinhwa ..100-101 Kinnaman, Dr. Maud . 86 Kityang .113-115 Kobe .127-128 Kurnool .64-65 Kyoto . 129 L Lagergren, Selma . 151 Language School, Nanking . 102 Latta, Rev. and Mrs. J. T.22, 23 Lawrence, Emilie G. 11 Lawrence, F. Jane . 103 Leach, Dr. Charles D. 98 Leach, Dr. Clara C.. 115 Lemon, Annie M. 160 Leslie, Dr. and Mrs. W. H. 147 Levering, Mrs. Ida Faye, M. D. 81 Lewis, Rev. and Mrs. G. W. 117 Lindherg, Esther W. 27 Liu Chiu Islands .127-128 Long, Anna E. 47 Longley, Rev. and Mrs. W. T. 68 Lucas, Nellie E. 161 Lukunga . 143 M Mabie, Dr. Catherine L. 142 MacKenzie, Dr. C. F. 100 McDiarmid, Mrs. P. A. 145 Madira .".. 66 Madras .67-68 Magilton, Annie S. 72 Mahbubnagar .68-69 Mandalay .10-11 Manipur .49-50 Manley, Dr. C. R. 77 Markapur . 69 Marsh, Rev. and Mrs. C. R. 69 Mary Colby School, Yokohama ...139-140 Maubin .26-27 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 165 Page Page Maxville, Selma M. 42 Maymyo .11-12 Mead, Lavinia . 130 Meiktila .12-13 Midnapore .92-93 Minniss, La Verne . 160 Missionaries, Addresses of.156-161 Mix, Mrs. H. W. 34 Mongnai . 33 Moody, Mrs. Thomas . 145 Moran, Margarita F. 16i Morioka . 129 Morrow, Mellisa E. 82 Morton Lane School, Moulmein-13-14 Mosier, Rev. and Mrs. D. H. 35 Mosier, Mildred A. 13 Moulmein .13-14, 27-28, 39-40, 41 Mukimvika .144-145 Munroe, Helen W Myingyan . Myitkyina . N Nagas, The .49-50 Nalgonda .70-71 Namkham .33, 35-36 Nandyal . 71 Nanking . 102 Narsaravupett ..71-72 Nash, Elizabeth D. h'0 Nellore .72-76 Neufeld, Aganetha . 70 Newcomb, Rev. and Mrs. J. 57 Nichols, May A. 47 Nicolet, Rose E. 152 Ningpo .103 106 Ninguenfu . 120 Normal School for Girls, Union, Chcngtu . 118-120 Northcott, Fannie . 117 North Lakhimpur . 50 Nourse, Miss Mary . 161 Nowgong .47-48 Ntondo . 145 Nurses’ Training School, Nellore ..74-76 Nyaunglebin .28-29 o Oden, Edna . 145 Ongole .77-79 Osaka .130-132 Owen, Rev. and Mrs. W. C. 56 ■D JL Page, F. Pearl . Papun . Parish, Mary L. Parrott, Julia E. Patton, Grace H. Paul, Rev. Joseph. Pawley, Annabelle . Pearson, Georgianna W. Peck, Augusta H. Pegu . Penner, Rev. and Mrs. J. Pennington, Grace L. Peterson, Ellen J. Peterson, Violetta R. ... Petheram, Hattie B. Phelps, Ethel . Phelps, Mrs. J. C. M. ... Philippine Islands . Phillips, Mary E. Phinney, Harriet . Pittman, Alma D. Porter, Amorette . Pound, Minnie B. Price, Hattie M. Prince, Annie L. Prome . Pyapon . Fyinmana . ... 120 ... 31 ... 15 ... 11 ... 161 ... 51 ... 126 ... 98 ... 21 ... 15 ... 65 ... 24 ... 96 ... 31 ... 28 ... 161 ... 26 149-154 ... 20 ... 9 ... 106 ... 90 ... 24 ... 19 ... 41 ..15-16 ..16-17 ..17-18 R Ragon, Alta .. 32 Ragon, Stella T.35 Ramapatnam . 80 Rangoon .18-20, 29-30, 39-40 Ranney, Mary W. 20 Ranney, Ruth W. 0 Rawlings, Helen M. 07 Relyea, Stella . ^ Riggs, Mary L. R. 161 Righter, Clara E. 16 1 Rivenburg, Narola . 102 Rix, Mabel .. l^ 1 Roberts, Susan . 77 Rodgers, Rev. and Mrs. W. E.145 Roeder, Winifred . 123 Rogers, Rev. and Mrs. Lewis B, .,,, 23 1GG OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT Page Rorer, Florence M. 161 Rose, Mrs. Mary M. 30 Ross, Ethel M. 72 Rutherford, Rev. and Mrs. Chas. ..55, 60 Ryden, Lilly . 28 Ryder, Gertrude E. 136 S Sadiya .50-51 Sagaing .20-21 Salquist, Mrs. Anna M. 120 San, Ishihara . 134 San, Yamada . 139 Sandberg, Minnie V. 134 Sanderson, Abbie G. 116 Sandoway . 38 Sanford, Josephine V. 72 Sarber, Olive M. 67 Satri Bari School for Girls, Gau- hati . 45 Scott, Mrs. Anna K., M. D.161 Scott, Dr. Mildred . 161 Seagrave, Rachel H. 29 Secunderabad .81-82 Sendai .132-134 Senn, Pauline . Ill Shanghai Medical School . 106 Shans, The .32-33 Sheldon, M. M. 161 Shoahsing .106-109 Shoemaker, Edna G. 98 Shwegyin .21, 30 Sibsagor .51-52 Simonsen, Emma H. 113 Slaght, Dr. Carrie E. 118 Slater, Sarah R. 11 Smith, Harriet N. 105 Smith, Ruth E. 134 Sollman, Melvina . 115 Sona Bata .145-U6 Sooriapett .82-83 Stait, Mrs. F. W., M. D. 84 Stait, Rev. F. W. 84 Stanton, Rev. and Mrs. W. A. 64 Stark, Eva C. 161 Stevenson, Ethel M. 49 Streeter, Rev. and Mrs. M. L. 22 Suifu .120-123 Suman, Margaret. 150 Suruga Dai School, Tokyo . 134 Page Sutherland, Margaret M. 18 Swatow .115-117 T Tamils and Telugus, Work for. 39 Taunggyi . 34 Tavoy .21-22, 31 Taylor, Ella J. 161 Taylor, Joseph . 119 Telugus . 39 Tencate, Frances .•. 73 Tharrawaddy .31-32 Thayer, F. Alice . 10 Thayetmyo . 39 Thazi . 22 Therolf, Frances . 119 Thomas, Mary D. 9 Thompson, Thora M. 31 Thomson, Rev. and Mrs. R. A. ..127, 129 Thonze .22-23 Tilbe, Mrs. H. H. 18 Timpany, Dr. and Mrs. J. S. 60 Tingley, Clara B. 25 Tokyo .134-139 Tokyo Misaki Tabernacle . 137 Tompkins, Mrs. C. E. 122 Topping, Mrs. Henry . 129 Toungoo .23, 32 Training School, Baptist Mission¬ ary, Iloilo . 151 Training School for Nurses, Nellore 76 Traver, Edith G. 116 Tschiroh, Louise E. 30 Tshumbiri . 146 Tura . 52-53 U Udayagiri .84-85 Ungkung .117-118 Union Girls’ High School, Hang¬ chow . 96 Union Missionary Medical School for Women, Vellore. 86 Union Normal School for Young Women, Chengtu . 118 Unruh, Rev. and Mrs. C. 70 Upcraft, Mrs. Emma 1. 118 V Valentine, Mrs. W. O. 150 OUR WORK IN THE ORIENT 167 Page Vanga . 147 Vellore . 86 Vickland, E. Elizabeth . 46 Vinukonda .,.86-87 W Wagner, Lillian V.. 80 Wallis, Rev. and Mrs. R. S. 66 Wathne, Rev. and Mrs. Thorleif ..59, 71 Weaver, Dr. Florence R.69, 76 Wellwood, Margaret . 115 Whelpton, Sarah . 149 Whitaker, Dorcas . 69 Whitehead, Agnes . 13 Whitman, Mrs. G. E. 112 Wilcox, Edith F. 126 Wilson, Isabelle . 46 Withers, Luciele A. Ill Woodbury, Rev. and Mrs. N. E. 36 Page Woman’s Christian College of Japan 138 Woman’s, Karen Young, Bible School, Rangoon . 29 Woman’s Union Bible Training School, Nanking . 102 Women’s Christian College, Madras 67 Wood, Rev. and Mrs. L. F. 146 Woods, M. Daisy . 161 Worley, Mrs. Prudence . 115 Y Yaba, Nellie . 31 Yachow .•'.123-124 Yokohama .139-140 Young Woman’s Dormitory, Tokyo 136 z Zigon ... 23 Zimmerman, Dora . 103 A CRUSADE OF COMPASSION FOR THE HEALING OF THE NATIONS TEXT-BOOK FOR 1919-20 Compiled by DR. BELLE J. ALLEN, of India Edited by MRS. CAROLINE ATWATER MASON THIRTY-FIVE CENTS The book of the hour for the demobilizing Red Cross women, who now have a wonderful opportunity to remobilize into study class groups, for wider, larger service for the suffer¬ ing women of the world. MOOK, TRUE TALES OF A CHINESE BOY AND HIS FRIENDS By MRS. EVELYN WORTHLEY SITES, Foochow, China JUNIOR TEXT-BOOK FOR 1919-20 THIRTY CENTS Order from Literature Department. Also programs, special helps, for use in connection with these text-books, and new booklets. OUR MEDICAL WORK IN SOUTH INDIA : FIVE CENTS