(e.Di. Asia. AsT tntI)eCitpofBftogork College of ^|)|>£(ician)S mh burgeons Hibrarp Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Open Knowledge Commons http://www.archive.org/details/recordsOOasso RECORDS ASSOCIATION ACTING ASSISTANT SURGEONS UNITED STATES ARMY. /y 11^ //"( A. D. li Edited by W. Thornton Parker, M. D., Recorder A. A. A. S. SALEM, MASS. : salem press publishing and printing co. i8qi. HARVARD UNIVERSITY SCHQeL GF MEDICINE AMD PUBLIC HEALTH LIBRARY 10 FEB193S H2) COPyitlGHT, 1891. THE SAt,BM PRESS PUBLISHING AND PRINTING CO. EDITION LIMITED TO TWO HONORED COPIES. CONTENTS. Page Illustration of Society Insignia, to face . . viii List of Officers of the A. A. A. S., . . 1 List of Members of the A. A. A. S., . . 2 Organization, ...... 5 First Meeting, 9 Personal Records of Members, . . . .13 Letters from Officers of U. S. A., . . . 107 Object and requirements of the A. A. A. S., . Ill The Acting Assistant Surgeons of the U. S. A. in the War of the Rebellion, by Dr. Nagle, 115 Memoranda for the information of persons desir- ous of entering the Medical Service of the U. S. A. as Acting Assistant Surgeons, 134 U. S. Army Regulations concerning Acting As- sistant Surgeons, . . . . . 136 List of Acting Assistant Surgeons not members of the Association, . . . . 144 Memorial Tablet, 146 Petition of the Acting Assistant Surgeons, U. S. A. , 147 (iii) PREFACE. These records of the Association of Acting Assistant Surgeons of the United States Army have been collected for publication as a memorial of some of the worthy mem- bers of the Medical profession "who have borne the burden and heat of the day." They are published not in the spirit of boasting, but as a deserving monument of honorable professional standing and faithful military service. Most eloquently they answer any imputation of inferiority in professional attainment, and surely no fair minded member of the general profession of medicine can hesitate after reading them to manfully confess that these men deserved better treatment. As a matter of fact the army medical department must acknowledge that great injustice has been done to worthy medical men in forcing acting assistant surgeons to endure humiliations which have never been lessened, but which on the other hand are so grievously wrong that it is indeed a wonder that such men have been willing to serve at all. Among military men with such hearts as Custer's, the acting assistant surgeon was always welcome and honor- ably treated, and among many of the regular army surgeons, professional courtesy and kindness have been liberally extended, but for many years the office of the surgeon general was controlled by subordinate authority, which overpowered and neutralized the honorable inten- tions of those nominally in command. There was no one to withstand the evil influence, and so little by little justice (V) VI PREFACE was lost sight of, and humiliation continued, until it reached its present miserable position. The Association was formed with the fond hope that even at this late date something of justice might be at- tained, and while many gallant officers of the regular army have warmly approved of the efforts they have made for reasonable recognition, no help from the army medical department could be secured. As a protest, and as an illustration of the wrongs they have endured these records are presented, and it is hoped that this little book may be an eloquent plea for the justice which has been so long de- layed. With all its mistakes and imperfections it is re- spectfully submitted by The Eecorder. Salem, Mass., July 24, 1891. ACT OF INCORPORATION. State of Rhode Island, etc., In General Assembly, January Session, A. D. 1889. An Act to incorponite the Association of Acting Assist- ant Snrgeons of the United States Army. It is enacted hy the General Assembly as follows: Section 1. A. Reeves Jackson, M.D., W. Thornton Parker, M.D., J. L. Ord, M.D., their associates and suc- cessors, are hereby made a corporation by the name of Association of Acting Assistant Surgeons of the United States Army, for social and lieneficiary purposes, with m11 the powers and privileges, and subject to all the duties and liabilities set forth in Chapter 162 of the Public Stat- utes, and in any acts in amendment thereof or in addition thereto. Skc. 2. Said corporation may take, hold, transmit and convey real and personal estate to an amount not exceed- ing five thousand dollars. Sec. 3. This act shall take effect from and after its passage. State of Rhode Island, etc., ^ Office of the Secretary of State, V Providence, March 19, 1889. ) I certify the foregoing to be a true copy of an act passed by the General Assembly of said State on the nineteenth day of March, A. D. 1889. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of the State aforesaid, the date first above written. [Signed] , S. H. Cross, [seal.] Secretary of State. (vii) DESCRIPTION OF THE INSIGNIA OF THE A. A. A. S. The Insignia of the Association is the red cross of Gen- eva. It is suspended from the left breast by a red ribbon with white edges emblematic of the red Geneva cross on the white arm band. Description of Cross. — Obverse a Geneva red cross of red enamel of four arms. In the centre a monograph, 1888 the yciir of the organization of the A. A. A. S., and upon each arm a letter A. A. A. S. Reverse. — Plain gold with" Vis Unila ^o?•^^or," the motto of the Association. The rosette is in the form of a button made from the red and white riI)bon of the association. It is to l)e worn in the upper left-hand button hole of the coat on all occasions when the full insignia is not worn. The cross is worn on all occasions of ceremony or when the Association is in session or when the member is in uniform. It is never to be worn on the watch chain or loaned to anyone not a member. DESCRIPTION OF THE SEAL OF THE A. A. A. S. The seal of the A. A. A. S. is one and six-eighths of an inch in diameter. It consists of the Geneva cross, the eml)Iem of militaiy medical mercy which hundreds of act- ing assistant surgeons have honorably won by their faith- ful care of the sick and wounded. Above and around the cross the words " Ves unita fortior'^ illustrating the efforts they have so faithfully made for justice and the date 1888 the beginning of systematic efforts for official recognition. The seal is surrounded by a band upon which appears the legend in raised letters "Association of Act. Asst. Sur- geons of the U. S. Army." (viii) INSIGNIA OF THE ASSOCIATION OF ACTING ASSISTANT SURGEONS U. S. ARMY. LIST OF OFFICEKS OF THE A. A. A. S. Fresident. A. REEVES JACKSON, M.D., Chicago, 111. Vice-Presidents. J. L. Ord, M.D. ; A. I. Comfort, M.D. ; D. S. Lamb, M.D. Treasurer. R. J. DuNGLisoN, M.D., Philadelphia, Pa. Begistrar. Benjamin L. Holt, M.D. Becorder. W. Thornton Parker, M.D., Manchester-by-the-sea, Mass. Council. H. M. Deeble, M.D., S. S. Turner, M.D., W. E. Sabin, M.D., H. R. Porter, M.D., J. P. Pratt, M.D., H. E. Turner, M.D., S. B. Stone, M.D., J. S. Warren, M.D., S. 0. L. Potter, M.D., E. W. Thompson, M.D., J. T. Nagle, M.D. (1) LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE A. A. A. S., 1891. Anderson, Chaeles, Adams, Francis Joseph, Archibald, O. Wellington, Benedict, Samuel C, Barclay, J. B., Beshoar, Michael, Betterly, Emmanuel L., BOYER, S. S., Bradbury, Osgood Nathan, Brandt, William Eugene, Brekes, David, Brockway, a. Norton, Brummund, Peter, buffington, alexander l., Burr, Rollin Thrift, BUTLER, F. W. p.. Carter, James O., Clark, L. N., Cline, Galen L., Cline, John B., CoE, Arthur H., Comfort, A. I., Deeble, Henry M., Dewey, George T., DuNGLisoN, Richard James, Fell, Edward Reeves, Ferguson, James B., Flint, Austin, Freeman, John William, GOODFELLOW, GeOKGE E., Gray, A. J., (2) Green WELL, Samuel A., Gumbes, Charles W., Hall, Willis W., Harmer, Joseph Randolph, Haskin, H. S., Hawkes, William Himes, Hoffman, W. J., Holt, Benjamin L., Hoy, a. H., HusE, Ralph Cross, Jackson, A. Reeves, Keeper, Henry Grant, Kingslk:y, Byron F., Knight, C. W., Knowles, Sidney Harvey, Lamb, Daniel Smith, Lackey, Robert M., Lester, Gilbert Benjamin, Macfarlan, Malcolm, Massey, Isaac, Mauzey, Henry G., Morton, G. I., McCall, Joseph W., McKiM, S. A. H., McLane, J. L., McNary, Hugh F., McPherson, D. M., MooRK, Richard C, Moses, Thomas Freeman, Nagle, John T., Ord, J. L., Parker, W. Thornton, Pattee, a. F., Peck, O. W., Peter, Armistead, Penrose, John H., Porter, H. R., Potter, S. O. Lewis, Pratt, John F., Radzinsky, L. D., Rice, P. L., Richie, Lewis W., Roof, Francis H., Sabin, Wallace E., Sanderson, Ira L., Sargent, Gorham Parsons, SCHAEFFER, EdWARD M., Sewell, C. a., Sheppard, Joseph, Slaughter, Benj. F., Stone, Solon B., Strom, J. H., Saunders, J., TONEY, L. C, Taggart, J. p., Thompson, Edward W., Thompson, Stephen B., TiNDALL, Daniel W., Turner, Henry E., Turner, Samuel S., Vandervort, James W., Warren, John S., Weiricks, G. T., Williams, A. M. , Wise, Thomas Washington, Wolf, J. A. ORGANIZATION. ON the 12th of November, 1888, the Association of Acting Assistant Surgeons, U. S. A., was organ- ized, and to-day it has members in almost every state and territory of this Union. Its progress and success have been very gratifying to its friends. There have been many ob- stacles to overcome, but they have been successfully met, and the future prospects of the organization seem to be ex- cellent. The actinof assistant surgeon has been a faithful and worthy worker for the good of the army. He has suf- fered and toiled with little to encourage him, except the reward of the consciousness of a duty faithfully performed, and of valuable services to the sick and injured, rendered without adequate compensation. He has shared the dan- gers of war, he has faced death on the battlefield, and has endured all the hardships of camp and garrison life. Actuated by the highest dictates of patriotism, he has left his home and lucrative practice to minister to those going forth to save our country in its time of peril. The history of modern or of ancient warfare does not afford more honorable record, or the stories of chivalry more he- roic deeds than those performed by acting assistant sur- geons. It is well known that some of our most distinguished surgeons and physicians, living and dead, have held the position of acting assistant surgeon, and yet it seems a (5) difficult task to enlist the sympathy of medical societies for the successful carrying forward of the very reasonable plans of the association. The objects sought for should appeal to every medical man in the land who loves justice and recognizes the unreasonable and almost humiliating position of acting assistant surgeon. Indeed, we very much regret to state, that one state society actually re- fused to lend its influence to aid in the work, or even to oflfer encouragement or sympathy to those who most un- selfishly are striving to accomplish the improvement so much needed in the status of the acting assistant surgeon. The work still goes on, however, and deep interest and cordial sympathy have been aroused in many states, and prominent men in civil life have promised aid, and officers of medical societies have also the intention of lending their influence to help even at this late hour in the worthy cause for right and justice. Prominent surgeons and other offi- cers of the army have expressed their friendship and in- terest, and the little association of only one year's growth has friends upon whom it can rely for the reasonable ob- ject it is seeking. Those familiar with the army medical history of the fron- tier for the past twenty or thirty years will readily bear witness to the faithful and intelliofent discharo;e of their duties by the acting assistant surgeons of the U. S. A. In fort and in camp, on the long overland expedition, or in the Indian wars, these men have done their duty as faith- fully and with the same professional efficacy as if they had been regularly commissioned officers. Indeed, if they have not borne the burden and heat of the day, certainly their honorable records deserve recognition and preservation. The association of past and present acting assistant surgeons of the U. S. A. who have served before, during or since the war of the Rebellion, has been formed for the purpose of securing, so far as possible, a correct history of those who have served in this capacity, and also for mutual protection and benefit. The original intention was to obtain a complete list of all who have served as acting assistant surgeons, but this has been found impracticable, and our future work will be directed to accomplish the following objects : " To make careful and well-managed efforts to obtain a better posi- tion ; and to present a properly prepared 'petition,' signed by the acting assistant surgeons, and endorsed by assistant surgeons, surgeons and others who may favor the same, to the military committee of the next Congress, praying that acting assistant surgeons of the army (now serving), many of whom have served long and faithfully, performing all the professional duties of commissioned surgeons, and many of whom are past the age permitting them to apply for examination for commissions as first lieutenants in the medical corps, be commissioned assistant surgeons, with the rank of second lieutenant of cavalry, not to be in line of promotion, the pay (that of second lieutenant) , not to be increased, and to be allowed forage for one horse ; that at the expiration of the regular full term of service, or on account of disability, they be placed on the retired list of the arm." This would be an act of tardy justice to men who have faithfully served and performed the duties of men whose pay is that of first lieutenants, captains and majors. Every man in the employ of the United States govern- ment should be entitled to justice, and, in case of trouble with his superior officer, to a fair trial before being de- prived of his position and means of support. As it is at present, an acting assistant surgeon may be dismissed at any time, without the right to appeal for a trial, or to de- mand that ordinary justice be afforded him. The objects aimed at in this petition are honorable and just, and would in no degree conflict with discipline, or have other than a wholesome effect upon the medical corps in general. 8 Applicants for membership should send to the Recorder, as soon as convenient, their complete medical history, giv- ing name in full, date and place of birth, date and place of graduation, date of appointment, medical service and stations, list of contributions to medical literature, inven- tions, etc., date of termination of service, professional posi- tions held in civil life, present residence and address. All information from friends concerning deceased act- ing assistant surgeons will be gratefully received. All past and present acting assistant surgeons are cor- dially invited to become members of the association. The badge of the association is the Geneva Red Cross, and can be obtained of the recorder. The enrolment fee is $1.00. The yearly dues, $1.00. Address W. Thornton Parker, M.D., Recorder, Manchester-by-the-sea, Mass. THE FIRST MEETING. The Annual Meeting of the Association of Acting Assist- ant Surgeons U. S. A. was held at the Casino, Newport, R. 1., on the evening of June 24, 1889, at eight o'clock, Prof. A. Reeves Jackson, M.D., of Chicago, presiding. Upon request of the president, the recorder read ex- tracts from a recent circular published by the association setting forth its aims and objects. Attention was espec- ially called to that portion which refers to the petition it is proposed to lay before the military committee in con- gress at its next session for the improvement of the status of the acting assistant surgeons of the U. S. A. It was voted that the recorder be instructed to transmit to the military committee of Congress a petition covering the grounds set forth in the circular referred to, and also a copy of the act proposed for the relief of acting assistant surgeons U. S. A. It was also voted that each member of the association be requested to use his influence with congressmen to advance the objects of this association. The applications of Drs. Turner, Moore and Carter, formerly acting assistant surgeons U. S. A., were re- ceived, and they were duly elected. The president ap- pointed Drs. Turner, Moore and Parker a committee to prepare suitable resolutions on the death of Dr. Barbour, late acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., and directed that 2 (9) 10 the same should be published in the medical journals, and also that a copy of the same be forwarded to the surgeon general's office for transmission to the family of Dr. Bar- bour. On motion, Dr. Thompson was appointed a com- mittee of one to consider the subject of a badge for the association. It was voted to accept the design of the Gorham Manufacturing Company for a tablet in memory of the acting assistant surgeons of the U. S. A., who have fallen in the line of duty in the service of their coun- try. Dr. Thompson presented the following resolutions : Whereas, owing to the laws of Congress, acting assistant surgeons, known as contract surgeons, are debarred from receiving honorable discharges at the expiration of their term of service with the government ; and whereas the laws of th« Grand Army of the Republic prohibit all per- sons from becoming members of the G. A. R., unless they have an honorable discharge from the government ; and whereas we feel it a great injustice to the acting assistant surgeons who served during the war of the Rebellion, therefore be it liesolved. That we request the members of the G. A. R., at their next national encampment, which will be held at Milwaukee, Wis., in August next, to adopt a resolution permitting all acting assistant surgeons who served three months or more, to become members of the G. A. R., provided they can show an honorable record of service. Resolved, That the Recorder of the A. A. A. S. transmit a copy of these resolutions to the adjutant general of the G. A. R. These resolutions were adopted and a vote taken in accordance therewith. The recorder read letters from Mrs. Gen. Custer, General Sherman and others, expressing their friendly interest in the association, and their high appreciation of acting assistant surgeons in general, bearing testimony to their faithful discharge of duty and their valuable services. The following officers were then elected for the ensuing year : 11 President. — A. Reeves Jackson, M. D. Vice Presid^its. — J. L. Ord, M.D., A. I. Comfort, M.D., D. S. Lamb, M.D. Treasurer. — R. J. Dunglison, M.D. Registrar. — Benjamin L. Holt, M.D. Recorder. — W. Thornton Parker, M.D. Council.— R. M. Deeble, M.D., S. S. Turner, M.D., W. E. Sabin, M.D., H. R. Porter, M.D., J. D. Pratt, M.D., H. E. Turner, M.D., S. B. Stone, M.D., John S. Warren, M.D.,S. O. L. Potter, M.D., E. W. Thomp- son, M.D., J. F. Nagle, M.D. The meeting then adjourned. Time and place of next meeting to be determined by the President. PEESONAL RECORDS OF MEMBERS. Francis Joseph Adams. Dr. Francis Joseph Adams was born December 16, 1859, at Fort Crook, Cal. He graduated at the Univer- sity of Georgetown, Washington, D. C, March 30, 1881. Appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., in October, 1881. He served at Ft. Sherman, Indian Ter., Ft. Stev- enson, Dakota, Ft. Adams, R. I., Ft. Hamilton and Ft. Wadsworth, N. Y. Harbor, Ft. Assinaboine, Ft. Custer, and Camp Otis, Montana, and in numerous expeditions in the field in Montana and Idaho and during the Crow campaign. His services terminated Feb. 21, 1887. His contributions to medical literature are : Surs:ical treatment of perityphlitis abscess ; infantile diarrhoea. The professional positions which he has held in civil life are assistant in Surgical Chair, St. Louis ; president Post-Graduate School; physician. Children's Hospital, Washington, D. C. ; assistant, orthopaedic department Augusta Free Hospital, St. Louis. His present residence and address is Fort Benton, Cho- teau Co., Montana. (13) 14 Charles Anderson. Charles Anderson, M.D., served as acting assistant sur- geon from Oct., 1879 to Jan., 1883, and from May, '83 to July, '89. He did field service during the trouble in Colorado in 1879, and was in the field almost continuously during the Apache campaign of 83-84 under Gens. Brooks and Miles, against the Chiricahuas, and afterwards served nearly two years at the San Carlos Agency. His present address is, care of A. W. Waters, New England Building, Kansas City, Mo. O. Wellington Archibald. Dr. 0. Wellington Archibald was born in Stillwater, Nova Scotia, November 26, 1850. He graduated in 187,2, at Keokuk, la., and in 1873, at St. Louis. He was ap- pointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., in 1874, for one year, and from 1882 to 1885. He served at Fts. Lincoln, Sisseton, Keogh, and at Old Camp Baker, Mon- tana. His services terminated April 4, 1885. He has been assistant physician at the Hospital for In- sane, 1872 ; superintendent Iowa Institute for Feeble Minded Children, 1876 to 1882 ; superintendent North Dakota Hospital for Insane from 1885 to the present time. His present residence and address is Jamestown, Stuts- man Co., Dakota. 15 Joseph B. Baeclay. Joseph B. Barclay, M.D., was born in Northampton Co., Pa., near Easton, March 19, 1819. At the age of seventeen he entered the office of his uncle John W. Jenks, M.D., a graduate of the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, and an excellent physician and surgeon, where he remained under his tuition two years; and entering Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa., received his degree, session 1840-41, since which time he has been actively engaged in the practice of his profession, now almost half a century. AVhen the thundering of rebel cannon was heard battering the walls of Fort Sum- ter, he was quietly practising his profession in Browns- ville, Pa., on the banks of the Monongahela. His eldest son John Morgan Barclay, a patriotic youth of seventeen years of age, who when the drums beat to arms enlisted in the 8th Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, for three years or during the war, as a private soldier ; although so young he was not sick or home on furlough or off duty one hour; he was killed in action in front of Eichmond, Va., at Gaines' Mill, June 27, 1862. The doctor having a young family to care for, deemed it his duty to remain at home, and aid the cause of the Union all in his power by en- couraging enlistments and counteracting the machination of copperheads generally. As the war progressed, more soldiers were called into the field requiring surgeons ; he accordingly tendered his services to the government. He was commissioned assistant surgeon of Penn. Vol. Inf., Sept. 12, 1864, by that loyal war governor Andrew G. Curtin. He immediately reported for duty at Harrisburgh, Pa., and was assigned by the surgeon general of the state to the 209th Reg. Penn. Vol. Inf., which in a few days was 16 marched by rail to Baltimore, took shipping on an old rickety vessel, and sailed down the Chesapeake Bay and up the James to City Point, landing there in safety. During the voyage the vessel, which was hardly sea- worthy, with one thousand men on board, encountered a severe gale, but it weathered the storm and arrived at its destination without an accident. Whilst the storm was raging without a curious incident occurred in the cabin within. Many of the boys were seated around the tables busily engaged in a game o'f cards. It was Sunday night : the raging of the elements and the plunging of the old ship evidently ahirnied the card players ; soon the tables were vacated and the cards thrown overboard strewing the bay ! The boys had no notion of going to the bottom with a deck of cards in their hands. " Arriving at City Point the regiment was sent over to Bermuda Hundreds, in the army of the James, under the command of Maj. Gen. B. F. Butler. Here from swampy ground and an unhealthy location of our camp, a good deal of sickness broke out, such as diarrhoea, dysentery, intermittent and typho-malarial fever. We treated suc- cessfully most of these cases in quarters, as the boys dreaded being sent to the hospital. Here for a brief pe- riod we had medical charge of what was left of the 12th N. H. Reg." In a short time the 209th Penn. Reg. was transferred to the army of the Potomac and assigned to a position in front of Petersburgh at Mead's Station, about half a mile east of Fort Steadman. "While stationed in front of Petersburs^h in the fall of 1864 the surgeon in charge of the regiment, while riding one morning along our front lines on professional business, was suddenly'' accosted by a live, genuine New England yankee, a private citizen, apparently fifty years of age, who had come down to visit his son or some friend in the 17 service, and who hailed me saying, ' Sir, can you tell me where Fort Hell and Damnation isf The fort in question was Fort Rice so hot a place that, if you put up your head, pop, pop, pop, went a musket both by day and night ; and the boys named it Fort Hell as being the hottest place along our line. I pointed out the fort and he rapidly strode towards it." During the fall and winter of 1864-65 his regiment par- ticipated in military movements along the Weldon rail- road, Hatcher's Run and Stony Creek, Va. In all these movements and while at Mead's Station more or less of rheumatism, fevers, ague, diarrhoea and colds from expos- ure and the fatigue of the winter raids prevailed. The great object kept steadily in view was to prevent sick- ness by proper sanitary and hygienic regulations, such as good warm woollen clothing, good food properly cooked, cleanliness of person and comfortable quarters, fresh earth thrown into the sinks every day to cover up human excrements, and to keep the men in good fighting condi- tion ; the result was not over two or three deaths in the regiment after being sent to hospital and none while in quarters. "On the morning of March 25, 1865, before daylight. General Lee ordered an assault on Fort Steadman, being informed that there were but two or three Pennsylvania regiments supporting it, his object being to cut our lines at this point and capture immense military stores at City Point, and thus bag Grant's forces encircling Petersburgh. Accordingly an entire brigade of rebels came crossing the narrow space separating the lines of the belligerents at the same time calling out, 'don't shoot, yanks, we are coming in with our guns in our hands.' ' Come on Johnnies,' sang out some New York troops on duty, and they did come pouring into Fort Steadman by hundreds, and as soon as they had captured it turned the guns of the fort 3 18 asainst us. The cheering of the rebels soon notified the regiment which lay half a mile east of the fort, that they had possession and by daylight they had advanced their lines within forty rods of our camp. A curious incident occurred here. The morning being foggy, a young rebel with his musket in his hands strayed into our camp sup- posing it to be his own. A fifer who had not gone out with the regiment presented his fife at him and ordered him to ground arms and surrender, which he did ; being considerably crest-fallen when he discovered that the fifer was totally unarmed. The 209th Regt. was soon under arms and by daylight the action began by making a charge on the rebel lines securely posted behind our inner earth- works. The regiment charged at double quick time, to within thirty yards of the rebel line and suddenly dropped into a ditch six feet deep, which they knew to be there, completely hidden from view. "In this charge we lost but one man. Lieutenant Jones, who, in the exultation of the moment from some unac- countable impulse, rashly raised himself upon the embank- ment waving his sword. He was immediately shot dead. " The cross fire from the adjacent forts and fifty pieces of artillery packed in our vicinity probably unknown to the rebels, began playing upon the enemy and sweeping the open narrow space between Fort Steadman and the enemies' lines with a perfect hail storm of shot and shell so that two thousand surrendered as prisoners of war rather than run the risk of getting back in safety to their own lines. The action was over by 11 o'clock A. m. It lasted about five hours. The surgeon and his assistants were on the field of battle administering to the wants of the wounded, at times being oblig^ed to lie flat on the ground to avoid the incessant storm of shot and shell from the Union batteries. This brilliant action made General Hartrants a major-general. 19 "In the fall of 1864 and spring of '65, the regiment not only operated in front of Peter sburgh but along the Wel- don railroad, Hatcher's Run, and a long and disagreeable night march to Stony river, Va., to cover the retreat of the 2nd army corps in their raid tearing up Virginia rail- roads and doing mischief to the enemy in general. On the 2nd of April, 1865, the final assault was made on the enemy's works in front of Petersburgh. "In this assault the 209th Regt., being part of the 9th army corps, did their duty. On Saturday night of April 1, the regiment marched out into Fort Hell (Rice), whilst a fierce cannonading began extending along the entire line from Richmond to Five Forks, a distance of thirty miles or more, making the heavens lurid with bursting shells ; just before daylight the cannonading ceased and the assault of the 9th corps was made at 4 o'clock a. m. and by 6 o'clock we had carried two lines of outer works. Joining' on the left were the 6th, 5th, 2nd corps and Sheridan's cavalry at Five Forks, like a gate, the 9th being the hinge, the other corps swinging round scooping in everything in their way. " The whole of that memorable Sunday the conflict raged fiercely, the surgeon in charge caring for the wounded on the field of battle and such as could not be properly treated there, by sending in an ambulance to the hospital. Here we lost Captain McCullough, a brave officer, who was mortally wounded by a shell tearing away his thigh ; he lived but a few hours. Major Ritchie was also wounded in the groin. Night closed the contest for that day, and we lay on our arms that night expecting to renew the con- flict next morning. "About 2 o'clock A. m. of April 3, a fire was seen in the direction of Petersburgh. It was soon discovered that two large tobacco warehouses had been fired by the reb- els and the Appomattox bridge burned after crossing in full 20 retreat. They withdrew so silently that we were not aware that they had gone until next morning. "The first division of the 9th corps was detailed to col- lect and bury the dead, while the second and third divis- ions marched in triumph through the city of Petersburgh, the drums beating and the United States flags flying from the public buildings. The exultations of that hour amply paid the loyal soldiers for all the sacrifices made to cap- ture the city. The only friends Uncle Sam seemed to have were the negroes who lined the streets on either side, excited beyond anything I ever saw, in their joy distributins: to the soldiers baskets of tobacco and such articles as they had, testifying their gratitude to their de- liverers. 'Thank de Lord,' 'God bless the hairy men from Pennsylvania' (meaning their long beards), 'We've been wailing for a long time for you to come,' and 'we thought you wasn't gvvine to come, thank de Lord,' were expressions heard on every hand. One lank soldier said in my hearing, 'you had better thank General Grant ; ' but I think the poor negro was nearest right. I saw a few of the long-haired aristocracy passing along the street with downcast eyes and dejected countenance, a look as though they were going to judgment or the gallows. The wo- men in particular looked intensely scornful. Only one ladylike woman, standing back in a veranda, gave us a hearty welcome by waving her white handkerchief. "A provost guard was soon established and the city placed under military rule. On the evening of April 3, our regiment and the 9th army corps were ordered to take their line of march down the South Side railroad, Va., in order co head ofi" General Lee's army from forming a junction with Gen. Joe Johnston in North Carolina. We marched by night and by day until we reached Notaway Court house, where we encamped for two weeks in a wheat field belonging to a Dr. Campbell. After we left there was but little prospect of a wheat harvest in that 21 field. Here we remained until the final surrender of Lee at Appomattox. " On one of our night marches along the South Side rail- road, my hospital steward who had charge of my sick rec- ord lost it, and I have no means of knowing whom I treat- ed in quarters, or for what disease. This is a misfoitune to those applying for pensions. The sad news reached us, while encamped near Notaway Court house, of the assas- sination of President Lincoln. As the war was practi- cally over, we were ordered to march about sixty miles to City Point where we took shipping for Alexandria, Va., where we arrived in due time, encamping in the vi- cinity of Alexandria for a few weeks, the 9th corps par- ticipating in the grand review in Washington City, May, 1865. Here owing to a relaxation of sanitary regulations, cliarrhcea and dysentery broke out and numbers of sol- diers suffered in consequence ; but the cases were not ma- lignant and sooii yielded to treatment. The wisdom of Moses requiring his soldiers in the camp of Israel to go to the rear of his encampment and with a paddle bury his excrements was here exemplified." On May 31, 1865, the surgeon in charge with his reg- iment was mu&tered out of the military service of the United States, near Alexandria, Va., and honorably dis- charged. From the time he was mustered in until he was mustered out he was never absent from his post of duty or absent on furlough or sick an hour. Pi-oceedincr to Harrisburgh, Pa., he was paid off partly in ten-cent shin plasters, sufficient to fill both pockets of a large pair of saddle bags ; he then returned to Washington City, set- tied up his accounts with the government, and returned to his family in Brownsville, Pa., where he resumed the practice of medicine and general surgery. In the fall of 1870 he removed to Greeley, Col., and finally settled on a large farm near Longmont, Boulder Co., Col., which is his present post-office address. 22 Samuel Benedict. Dr. Samuel Benedict was born in Hartford, Conn., Sept. 20, 1855. He graduated in March, 1878, from the Cincinnati Miami College. He was first appointed acting assistant surgeon Dec, 1879, and served at the follow- ing places : Fort Leavenworth, Kansas ; at Fort Bayard, New Mexico ; in the field and at Field Hospital, Fort Cura- minofs. New Mexico ; during campaign against Victoria. His contributions to medical literature are articles writ- ten for state medical associations and local state journals. His service terminated in Feb., 1881. In civil life he has been professor of medical jurisprudence. University of Georgia, 1883 to date. Law Department; resident physi- cian, Cincinnati Hospital, 1879. Specialty in surgery : Diseases of children. His present residence is 106 E. Clayton street, Athens, Georgia. Michael Beshoak. Dr. Michael Beshoar was born in Juniata Co., Pa., Feb. 25, 1831. He was graduated at the University ot Michigan, March 30, 1853. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon in April or March, 1864, and served in the following places : Bento Barracks, General Hospital, St. Louis Post Hospital, Jefierson Hospital and Fort Kearney (Neb.) Post Hospital. His contributions to medical literature, inventions, etc., were : Curability of consumption ; Cleansing of new-born infants ; Medical customs of the Eocky Mountain Indians. Invented telegraphic key-board, chain railroad guard. 23 His service terminated April, 1866. In civil life he has held positions as county and city physician, chairman health committee in state legislature. He was ordered to Denver, Col., with his regiment in 1865 and served there as chief medical officer of South Interior District of the Plains on the staff" of Colonel Potter and General Upton until mustered out with his regiment in October, 1866. His present address is 611 E. Main street, Trinidad, Col. Emanuel L. Betterlt. Dr. Emanuel L. Betterly was born in Pennsylvania, April 13, 1832. He graduated at the University of the city of New York, March, 1862. He was appointed act- ing assistant U. S. army surgeon. May 17, 1864. He served in the 19th army corps. Department of the Gulf, and at Harper's Ferry, Winchester, Cedar Creek and Charleston. His service terminated November 24, 1864. He has been physician at the Wilkes Barre Hospital. His residence is 30 Northampton street, Wilkes Barre, Pa. Samuel Sephaeious Boyek. Dr, /Samuel SepJiarious Boyer was born in Mifflin- town, Juniata Co., Pa., June 9, 1840. He graduated at the Jetferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa., March 10, 1864. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., May 28, 1864, and served from May 28 to Nov. 24 12, 1864; as assfstant surgeon Pennsylvania Volunteers from January 26 to August 30, 1865 ; as acting assistant surgeon from September 15, 1865 to December 12, 1870, also from February 23, 1871 to November 30, 1874 ; from April 16, 1875 to May 12, 1876 ; from August 8, 1876 to November 29, 1880, and, lastly, from July 19, 1881 to the present time and still connected with the service. During this time which covers a period of twenty-two years, nine mouths and t"\venty-two days, the following are the different stations at which he has been on duty : Hampton General Hospital, Norfolk, Portsmouth, Peters- burg and Richmond, Virginia ; Georgetown, South Caro- lina ; Fort Johnston, North Carolina ; Sitka, Alaska ; Fort Davis, Texas ; Fort Sidney, Fort McPherson, Oma Bar- racks and Fort Hartsuff, Nebraska ; Fort Hall, Idaho ; Fort Stockton, Fort Conchoara, lastly Fort Mcintosh, Texas, which is his post at present. His present address is Fort Mcintosh, Texas. Osgood ^athax Bkadburt. Dr. Osgood Nathan Bradbury was born Oct. 28, 1828, at Norway, Maine. He graduated June 1, 1864, at the Maine Medical School, Brunswick, Me. He was appointed actmg assistant surgeon, June 1, 1864, and served from that time until Dec. 31, 1865, at Cony U. S. General Hos- pital, Augusta, Me. From Jan. 1 to June 16, 1866, he had charge of the Post Hospital, Augusta, Me.. For fif- teen years he had been U. S. examining surgeon for pen- sions, and medical examiner for many insurance companies. His present address is Norway, Oxford Co., Me. 25 William Eugene Brandt. William Eugene Brandt was born June 21, 1849, at Hanover, Jefferson Co., Ind. He graduated, B. S., from Hanover College, Md., 1868, and M. A., 1880. Took the degree of M.D. at the Medical Department of the Uni- versity of Louisville, Ky., 1871. Was graduated as M.D. from Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City, 1877. In June, 1884, received from De Pauw Uni- versity, Ind., degree of Ph.D. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon, April 15, 1874, Department of Dakota, St. Paul, Minn., and served at the following stations : post surgeon. Fort Benton, Montana; Department of Dakota, Apr. 15, 1874 to Dec. 9, 1874 ; acting assistant surgeon at Fort D. A. Russell, Wyoming ; Department of the Platte from Jan. 12, 1875 ; temporary duty at Sidney Barracks, Wyoming Ter. ; De- partment of the Platte at Fort Cameron, Utah Ter. ; De- partment of the Platte also at Fort Laramie, Wyoming Ter. Among his writings are the following articles in the Chi- cago Medical Journal, New York Medical Record, and Am. Practitioner, etc., to wit: Modern tendency of ho- meopathy, Chicago Medical Journal, 1871, New York Medical Record, July 2, 1879 ; Poisoning by Rhus radi- cans. New York Medical Record, Sept. 27, 1879 ; Poison- ing by a bee sting. New York Medical Record, Jan. 29, 1881 ; A case of dislocation of the humerus with multiple fracture of the scapula, with remarks, New York Medical Record, July 8, 1882 ; A case of diarrhoea (membranous enteritis) , with remarks on its diagnosis, pathology and treatment, etc. His services terminated at his request as acting assistant surgeon Feb. 18, 1876, while serving at Fort Laramie, Wyoming Ter., Department of the Platte. 4 26 He has held the following positions in civil life : as- sistant physician, Indiana Hospital for the Insane, Indian- apolis, Ind., 1883 to 1885 ; June 1, 1885, appointed quali- fied surgeon, U. S. pension bureau, Washington, D. C. ; Aug., 1885, was appointed by the U. S. civil service commission, civil service examiner in medicine and law for the U. S. pension bureau. David Beekes. David Brekes, A.B.^ M.D., was born in Germany, Jan. 19, 1840. He graduated at the New York Medical Col- lege, 1864. Was appointed acting assistant surgeon, May 26, 1864, and has served in the following places : Care Hospital, Washington ; Harwood Hospital, Washington ; Shough Hospital, Alexandria Hospital, Fortress Monroe ; attached to the 9th Maine, 14th N. H. and 213th Indiana Regiments. His service terminated Dec. 14, 1865. Among the professional positions held during civil life are the following : physician, Eastern Dispensary ; physician. Health Department; physician, City Prison; physician, Ophthalmic and Aural Institute; physician, Department Public Charities and Correction Commission in Lunacy. His present residence and address is 319 East 51st street, New York City. A. KoRTON Bkockwat. Dr. A. Norton Brockway was born March 24, 1836, in Clinton, Oneida Co., New York. He graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, in 27 1861. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon Sep- tember 23, 1862, and served until October 6, 1864, in U. S. Camp, General Hospital, New York Harbor. His present address is 50 E. 126th street. New York City . Peter Bkumund. Dr. Peter Brumund was born at Jever, Grand Duchy Oldenburg, Prussia, July 19, 1846. He was graduated in March, 1868, from the Chicago Medical College, and June, 1870, received the degree of Master of Obstetrics at Vienna. He was first appointed acting assistant sur- geon, June 4, 1878, and served at the following places : Fort Davis, Texas, Eagle Springs, Eattlesnake Springs and Pina Colorado, Texas. He was a surgeon at I'ort Davis and Pina Colorado. His service terminated in July, 1880. In 1870 and 1871 he was assistant surgeon in the Prus- sian service and acted as assistant of Prof, von Esmarch, and in Berlin was a student with Prof. Virchow. In civil life he has been professor of diseases of the eye, and of microscopy in the University of Denver, Colorado. He had held the office of examiner for several life insur- ance companies. His present residence is Idaho Springs, Col. Alexander L. BurriN'GTOisr. Dr. Alexander L. Buffing ton was born in Harrisburgh, Pa., January 1, 1843. He graduated at Jefferson Medi- cal College in March, 1866. He was appointed acting 28 assistant surgeon U. S. A., July 11, 1871. He served in Forts Clark, McKennett, Ringgold, Brown, Duncan and Davis, Camp Pinos, Colorado, and Foi-t Hancock, Texas ; besides this about three years of scouting and outpost duty in the field. Since 1871 to date he has been on duty continuously, previous to this he sei-ved about three years at different times, about one year in the war of the Rebellion, also a year as a medical cadet, 1863-64. His present address is Dr. A. L. Buffington, acting as- sistant surgeon U. S. A., Fort Hancock, Tex. RoLLiif Thrift Burt. Dr. RolUn Thrift Burt was born in Mt. Vernon, Ohio, August 10, 1843. He graduated March 18, 1869, at New Orleans, La. He was first appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., March 23, 1878; second, March 23, 1882, and served in the following places : — Camp Supply, later Camp John A. Ruker, Fort Lord and Fort Huachu- aca, Arizona. Reported April 6, 1878, at Fort Whipple, Arizona ; went to Fort Grant, thence in two weeks to Camp Supply, established near the Mexican line. Was post surgeon for more than one year, Ma}^, 1878 to Octo- ber, 1879. Second service, was post surgeon for more than one year at Fort Lord near Tucson, Arizona, for some three months. On the breaking out of the Apache Indians accompanied Capt. Maddon, conmianding 6th cavalry, consisting of two companies of regular cavalry and one of Indian scouts in the field. Returned in July to Fort Lord. Afterwards transferred to Fort Huachuaca where he served as assistant surgeon under Assistant Sur- geon Gardiner. Accompanied troops on scouts and was 29 with Lieutenant Ducap on a survey of the boundary mon- uments between Arizona and Sonora. Accompanied Capt. Thompson, 3rd U. S. Cav., to station in Sulphur Spring Valley in the spring of 1883 during an Indian war. He has contributed specimens to the Smithsonian Insti- tute and also articles concerning the ruins of an ancient town situated in the White River Canon, Arizona. His serAdce terminated July 15, 1883. In civil life he has held the position of health officer in Pomona, Cal., since 1887, and by the appointment of the board of supervisors the same position in certain portions of the county. His present residence and address is Pomona, Cal. LoEjT l^EWTON" Clark. Loen Newton Clark was born February 5, 1840, at Royalton, New York, and graduated from the University of Buffalo, 1864, under the charge of the late Prof. Thos. F. Rochester of Buffalo. He received his fii'st contract as acting assistant sur- geon, August 15, 1862 ; it was annulled at his request, October 31, 1865. He served at U. S. Hospital, Rolla, Mo.; U. S. General Hospital, Jefferson Barracks, Mo., and on Hospital steamer "Baltic," Mississippi river. His second contract was for a short time, — travelling with troops exchanging stations ; it was dated May 20, 1872, and was annulled at the expiration of duty, August 6, 1872. The service was two months, seventeen days, in California and Nevada. His third contract was dated September 13, 1872, and 30 was annulled at his request October 28, 1878 ; time of ser- vice six years, one month, fifteen days. During this time he served as post surgeon three years at Fort McDonnell, Arizona ; post surgeon six months at Camp Du Paz, Ari- zona ; as assistant to the post surgeon one year at Fort Whipple, Arizona; as post surgeon six months at Fort Nopane, Arizona ; the remainder of the time marching with troops in Arizona and New Mexico. His fourth contract, dated May 17, 1880, was annulled at his request December 17, 1887. Time of service, seven years and seven months, during which time he was on duty as post surgeon over five years at Fort Halleck, Nevada, as post surgeon eight months at Fort Lowell, Arizona, six months as assistant at Angel Island, Cal., and one year as assistant at Fort Wingate, New Mexico. The total length of his service was fifteen years and forty-seven days. His present address is Royaltoii, Niagara Co., N. Y. Galen L. Cline. Galen L. Cline^ A.M., M.D., was born at Perin's Mills, Ohio, September 9, 1857, and graduated at the Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati, Ohio, March 2, 1882. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon, March 16, 1882, and has served at Fort Assinaboine, Montana, five years, also at Fort Shaw, Montana, and Camp Sheridan, Yellow- stone Park, Wyoming Ter. The latter post he has occu- pied during the past two years. His present address is Camp Sheridan, Monmouth Hot Springs, Wyo., Yellowstone National Park. 31 John B. CiiiNE. Dr. John B. Cline was born in France, September 8, 1826. He graduated at the Ohio Medical College, Cin- cinnati, Ohio, in 1853. He was appointed acting assist- ant surgeon U. S. A., May 12, 1862. He served on Hospital staff in Dennison and Cumberland General Hos- pitals. His service terminated May 31, 1864. He holds position at present time in active practice. His residence and address is Perin's Mills, Clermont Co., Ohio. Aaeon" Ivins Comfoet. Aaron Ivins Comfort was born in Bucks Co., Pa. After having acquired a common-school education, he de- voted himself to the study of mathematics and the ele- mentary classics, teaching school during vacation, and graduated at Williston Seminary, East Hampton, Mass. Subsequently, a short scientific course was entered upon at Amherst College, Mass., after which he accepted a sit- uation in a private seminary in the city of Philadelphia and taught mathematics, the classics and some of the nat- ural sciences, and delivered lectures, once a week, upon anatomy, physiology and hygiene in that institution. He graduated in medicine in the University of Pennsylvania in the class of 1860. Immediately after graduating he accepted the position of assistant demonstrator of anatomy in his Alma Mater, and at the same time he became at- tending physician, and, subsequently, consulting physi- cian to the "Southern Dispensary" in the Moyamensing district of Philadelphia. He likewise held the position of 32 attending, and, subsequently, consulting accoucheur, in the Philadelphia Lying-in Charity. In the early part of February, 1862, he entered the ser- vice as an actino- assistant surgeon U. S. A., and was assigned to duty with troops in the field, viz. : the Ander- son Troop, a company of volunteer cavalry acting as Gen. D. C. Buell's escort, and subsequently, in the autumn of 1862, he was assigned to duty as the only medical officer, with the 4th Eeg. U. S. Cav. , in which capacity, he served until about the ninth of June, 1863. In the capacity of a medical officer he was present at the battle of Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., at the siege of Corinth, Miss., at the battle of Perryville, Ky., and at the battle of Murfrees- boro, Tenn., at which battle, he rode in person -^dth that regiment in its now historical charge. At that battle, he received favorable mention in the report of the medical director of the Army of the Cumberland, and also in the report of the commanding officer of the 4th Reg. of IT. S. Cav. While on the battlefield, during the engagement, and in search of a wounded officer, he captured a confed- erate soldier, disarmed him, and made him a prisoner of war. During the first half of 1863, he was in a charge of the 4th Reg. U. S. Cav., at Snow Hill, Tenn., in a charge of that regiment at Franklin, Tenn., and, also, with that regiment in a number of other charges, skimiishes and similar engagements in the vicinity of Murfreesboro, Tenn. During August and several subsequent months, he was on duty at the U. S. General Hospital at Chester, Pa. In the spring of 1864 he accepted from President Lincoln a commission as assistant surgeon U. S. Vols., having previously passed a satisfactory examination by a board of medical officers of the regular army. As as- sistant surgeon of volunteers, he was during a part of the spring of 1864 on dut}^ with troops in the field. During the summer and autumn of that year he was in charge of 33 a small-pox hospital ; and also a post hospital at Colum- bia, Tenn. At the advance of the Confederate General Hood upon Nashville, when it seemed impossible to pre- vent the sick and wounded, in the field hospital at Col- umbia, Tenn., from falling into the hands of the enemy, he was detailed to remain "in charge" of the sick and wounded ; and but for the fact that they were subsequently removed under the cover of the night, he, with them, would have been made prisoner of war. From the battle of Franklin, he was sent in charge of a hospital train to Nashville, Tenn. He was present at the battle of Nash- ville. He was on duty at the Cavalry Corps Hospital at Gallatin, Tenn. , during the greater part of January and February, 1865. During the spring, and a greater part of the summer, of that year, he was "Surgeon in Charge" of Hospital No. 16 at Nashville, Tenn., said hospital hav- ing a capacity of four or five hundred beds, and a staff of five or six medical officers. After the close of the war, when the general hospitals were closed, he was ordered to sell, at auction, the unserviceable property of Hospitals No. 8 and No. 16 and of one or two others, and a sum of several thousand dollars, realized therefrom, reverted to the treasury of the United States. During the greater part of the summer and autumn of 1865, he was in charge of Post Hospital at Clarksville, Tenn. On the third of November, 1865, he was mustered out of the service with the brevet rank of Captain of Volunteers, but he was as- signed to duty as acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., at the headquarters of Major General George H. Thomas at Nashville, Tenn., and at once made post surgeon, or "Physician in attendance upon officers and their families." During the spring, summer and autumn of 1866, he was on duty as the only medical officer with the 3rd Battalion of the 16th U. S. Infantry at Sibley Barrack, Nashville, Tenn. During the summer of that year an epidemic of 5 34 Asiatic cholera, of great fatality, prevailed not only in the city of Nashville, but among the troops stationed there, and he suffered with a mild attack of that disease. From December 6, 1866 to March 4, 1868, he was en- gaged in a civil practice near Philadelphia. At the latter date, he again accepted a situation as acting assistant sur- geon U. S. A., and was assigned to duty at the head quarters of Maj. Gen. Alfred Ferry at St. Paul, Minn., but in the latter part of the spring of that year, he was stationed at Fort Wadsworth, now Fort Sisseton, Dakota, as post surgeon, where he remained on duty until the spring of 1869, when he was ordered to Fort Eipley, Minn. , as post surgeon ; here he remained on duty until near the first of January, 1870, when he was stationed at FortEandall, Dakota, until the spring of 1871, and for the greater part of this time, he was the only medical officer at that post. From the spring of 1871 to Jan. 1, 1877, he was stationed at Fort Sully, Dakota, excepting during the spring and summer of 1876, when he was stationed at Cheyenne Indian Agency, as the only medical officer. On several occasions and for several months at a time, while at Fort Sully, he was the only medical officer at that post. On the first of January, 1877, for no fault of his own, but for the purpose of affording a situation for a young physician, who had a strong personal influence and desired a situation, his contract was annulled, thus depriving him of the means of obtaining a livelihood. On the twenty-fifth of December, 1877, upon application to the medical director of the Department of the Missouri, under whom he had served in the Army of the Cumber- land, he was again employed as an acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., and assigned to duty at the camp .of the Nez Perces Indians, who were then held as prisoners of war on the Military Reservation, near Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. 35 Excepting one month when he was post surgeon at Fort Hays, Kansas, he remained as physician to these Indians until July 4, 1878, when he was ordered to Fort Lyon, Col., as post surgeon, and subsequently to Fort Wal- lace, Kansas, as the only medical officer stationed at that post. In the autumn of 1878, he was on duty with troops in the field, operating against the Cheyenne Indians, who were then on the "war-path," having escaped from their reservation near Fort Reno, Indian Ter. From mid-sum- mer 1879 to February, 1880, he was on duty at the can- tonment on the north fork of the Canadian river, Indian Ter. During the spring, summer and autumn of 1880 he was on duty with troops stationed in the field in Indian Terri- tory. From about the first of December, 1880, until about the 9th of April, 1881, he was post surgeon at Fort Garland, Col., and from about the 12th of April, 1881, until the 12th of May he was post surgeon at the canton- ment on the Uncompahgre river. Col. From mid-summer until the latter part of autumn of that year he was on duty with troops in the field, operating against hostile Indians in Middle Park, Col. After the return of the troops from their summer campaign and during the following winter he was on duty at Fort Hays, Kansas, having, during the autumn of that year, accompanied as the only medical officer the 19th U. S. Infantry to Fort Brown, Texas, and returned in the same capacity with the 20th Infantry to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. From about the middle of April, 1882, until about the middle of July, he was sta- tioned at the cantonment on the north fork of the Cana- dian river, Indian Ter., as the only medical officer at that post ; and when the post was abandoned, he accompa- nied the troops to Fort Elliott, Texas, and upon his return to the cantonment, transferred the hospital property to 36 Fort Eeno, Indian Ter., after the completion of which, he was stationed for a short time as the only medical officer at Fort Riley, Kansas, in the absence of the post surgeon ; subsequently, for several months he was on duty at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and late in the autumn of that year he was ordered as the only medical officer to accompany a battalion of the 15th Regiment of U. S. Infantry from Fort Lyon, Col., to Fort Randall, Dakota. During the winter of 1882-83 he was on duty at Fort Hays, Kansas, and about the middle of April, 1883, he was ordered to the cantonment on the Uncompahgre river, Col., where he re- mained on duty until about the middle of June, 1884, and for several months he was the only medical officer at that post. From the middle of June, 1884, until the early part of July, 1887, his station was Fort Lewis, Col. ; though when troops were ordered to the field, he accompanied them as their only medical officer in attendance. During the summer campaigns of 1884, 1885 and 1886, he was on duty with troops in the valley of the San Juan river in Colorado, New Mexico and Utah, operating against hostile Indians. In the early part of July, 1887, he left Fort Le^^s, Col., under orders to report in person to the commanding officer of Fort Reno, Indian Ter., and from thence he was ordered to the Osage Indian Agency as the medical officer, with a troop of cavalry, on duty in the field. Upon the return of the troops to their winter quarters, he was or- dered on duty at the U. S. IVIilitary Prison at Fort Leav- enworth, Kansas, where he still remains. Although he has not sought to acquire a literary repu- tation, preferring to devote his attention practically to his profession, he has contributed a monograph on Aboriginal Archaeological Indian Mounds to the Smithsonian Institu- 37 tion, which appeared in one of its reports (vide Eeport of the Secretary of the Smithsonian In.stitution for the year 1871). Articles from his pen have appeared in our medical journals. A valuable collection of Indian crania and skel- etons of the race of mound builders have been contributed by Dr. Comfort to the Army Medical Museum in Wash- ington, D. C. For more than a quarter of a century he has performed the duties of a commissioned medical officer of the U. S. Army in many positions of trust, responsibility and dan- ger ; his professional opinion is not unfrequently sought, in consultation, in cases of diseases and injuries of a grave character or doubtful diagnosis ; yet his pay is scarcely equal to that of a second-class clerk, his tenure of office is absolutely nil, and should he at any future time be inca- pacitated for the performance of duty in consequence of disease or injury or the infirmity of years, or should he incur the displeasure of a superior officer, he is liable to be summarily dismissed, with even less consideration than is shown to a private soldier. In the event of his demise his friends or relatives cannot claim for his remains, as a right, a resting place in a national cemetery. Dr. Comfort's army medical history is a monument of honor to his memory, but illustrates very forcibly the gross injustice of our war department in its treatment of acting assistant surgeons. Horace Morgan Deeble. Dr. Horace Morgan Deeble was born in Washington , D. C, July 18, 1851. He graduated at the National Medical College at Washington, D. C, April 15, 1880. 38 He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., June 1, 1880. He served as medical officer for the 17th, 18th and 20th Infantry ; in changing stations in 1885 and 1886, and for the 7th and 8th Cavalry in 1887. In this latter change of stations he made a march of 2,185 con- secutive miles. He has been stationed at Fort Hays, Kansas ; Forts Yates, A. Lincoln, Totten and Eandall, Dakota. He is still in service. His present residence and address is Fort Randall, Da- kota. Geoege a. Deury. Dr. George A. Deury was born in Vermont, August 22, 1828. He graduated at Cleveland, Ohio, in Feb- ruary, 1849. He was appointed acting assistant sur- geon U. S. A., in September, 1864. He served in the Chesapeake Hospital, Hampton, Virginia — the official title was "U. S. General Hospital" — about the last of Jan- uary, 1865. He was ordered to the hospital-ship R. S. Spaulding. His service terminated in March, 1865. - His present residence is 289 Nostrand ave., Brooklyn. Richard James Dunglison. Richard James Dunglison, M.D.., was born at Balti- more, Md., in the year 1834, November 13, and graduated at the Jefferson Medical College in 1856. He was ap- pointed acting assistant surgeon in 1862 and served in U. S. A. Hospital, 5th and Buttonwood streets, Philadel- phia, 1862 ; Filbert St. U. S. A. Hospital, Philadelphia, 39 1862, to close of war, and executive officer at the latter, 1864-65, also for a few weeks detailed to U. S. A. Hos- pital, Turner's Lane. He is the author of several medical works ; contributor to various medical journals and editor of Dunglison's Med- ical Dictionary and College and Clinical Record, 1880- 1889. His service as acting assistant surgeon terminated in 1865. Among the professional positions held in civil life are the following: treasurer American Medical Assoc, 1877- 1889 ; chairman finance committee 9th International Med- ical Congress ; secretary Executive Committee of the same, and corresponding secretary Alumni Assoc. Jeffer- son Medical College. His present address is 814 N. 16th street, Philadelphia, Pa. James B. Ferguson^. James B. Ferguson^ M.D., was born January 21, 1840, at Peterborough, Canada, and graduated March 10, 1866, from the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon, September 13, 1870, and has served as post surgeon at Forts Totten, Seward, Sisseton, Hale, Randall and Bennett, Dakota, and as assistant at Fort Yates, Dakota. His present residence and address is Fort Bennett, Da- kota. Edward Reese Fell. Dr. Edward Reese Fell was born in Philadelphia, Pa., September 18, 1839. He graduated at the Univer- 40 sity of Pennsylvania, March 12, 1864. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., May 17, 1864. He served in Mower U. S. A. General Hospital, and previous to Ms service there was resident at Protestant Episcopal Hospital at Philadelphia. He wrote a treatise on "Formic acid and Pharmaceutics" at a U. S. A. Hospital. His service terminated August 16, 1865. Graduated at Phil- adelphia College of Pharmacy about 1858. His present residence and address is 303 Walnut street, Philadelphia, Pa. John William Freeman. Dr. John William Freeman was born December 18, 1853, at Virden, Illinois. He graduated March, 1879, at the Medical Department of the University New York City, N. Y. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., September 17, 1881, and has served at Fort Meade, Dakota, from March 24 to September 26, 1882, and in the expedition to Little Missouri river guarding railroad men to N. P. R. B. against Indians. His contribution to medical literature was "'Antisep- tics,' History and Uses," which he read before the Dakota Medical Society in June, 1888. His services terminated on June 30, 1883. The positions which he holds are : — vice-president Dakota Medical Society ; county superin- tendent of Board of Health, Lawrence Co., Dakota ; pen- sion examiner from 1884-1887 ; secretary Black Hills Medical Society; surgeon of the Dead wood . Terra and Caledonia Gold Mining Co. His present residence and address is Central City, Law- rence Co., Dakota. 41 Austin Flint, Sr. Dr. Austin Flint, Sr., was born in Petersham, Massa- chusetts, October 20, 1812. He graduated from Medical Department, Harvard University, in 1833. He was ap- pointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., in October or November, 1862. He served in the Ladies' Home General Hospital, 51st street and Lexington ave.. New York City. His service terminated in June, 1865 (?). His professional record is an everlasting monument of honor for the American medical profession. Austin Flint, Jr. Dr. Austin Flint, Jr., was born in Northampton, Massachusetts, March 28, 1836. He was appointed act- ing assistant surgeon U. S. A., in 1862. He served in Ladies' Home General Hospital, 51st street and Lexing- ton ave., New York City. His service terminated in 1865. His present residence and address is 14 West 33d street, New York City, N. Y. Adoniram Judson Gray. Adoniram Judson Gray, M.D., was born in Tisbury, Dukes Co., Mass., October 28, 1837. He graduated in medicine at Dartmouth College, N. H., Oct. 30, 1860. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., at 6 42 Washington, D. C, Feb. 3, 1863. He was assigned to duty at Lo veil General Hospital, Portsmouth Grove, R. I. ; served there until March, 1864, a portion of the time be- ing assistant executive officer. March, 1864 to July, 1864, he served at the General Field Hospital, Chatta- nooga, Tenn., as ward surgeon and as one of the (two) pathologists. July, 1864 to November, 1864, served as executive officer of the Officer's Hospital on Lookout Mountain, Tenn. December, 1864 to June, 1865, was on duty in Washington, D. C, and served at Mount Pleasant General Hospital, on 7th street, and at Carver General Hospital on 14th street near Columbia College ; was also for a short time one of the surgeons attached to the Hos- pital Transport Steamer, "Connecticut," carrying sick and wounded from City Point to Baltimore and Washington. His last service at Carver General Hospital was as mem- ber of a Board of Examiners instituted after the close of the war for the purpose of determining who among the enlisted men, then in hospital, were permanently disabled and proper subjects for a pension. May 23, 1865, he received and accepted appointment as assistant surgeon 5th U. S. C. T. and joined the reg- iment then stationed at Newburne, North Carolina ; served there, chiefly as executive officer of the General Hospital until October of that year, then accompanied the regiment to Camp Chase, near Columbus, Ohio, and was mustered out of service in November. Immediately after being mustered out, was tendered appointment as assistant sur- geon in a regiment of Heavy Artillery stationed at Louisville, Ky. This appointment was unsolicited and unexpected and was not accepted. In December, 1865, was again appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., and assigned to duty as surgeon in charge of the Hospital for Refugees and Freedmen at Mobile, Alabama. He continued in this position until the hospital was closed in 43 November or December, 1867. From that time until January 1, 1868, was in charge of the hospital at Taladega, Ala. On January 1, 1868, he was appointed under the provisions of a special act of Congress, surgeon-in-chief, of the District of Alabama, with Headquarters at Mont- gomery. This appointment continued in force until De- cember 31, 1868, when it ceased by limitation of the office, the district being discontinued. During the last quarter of the year he performed the additional duty of district inspector. In January, 1869, he was ordered to Texas and as- signed to duty at Fort Coucho, remaining there until August, and was then ordered to accompany the 15th U. S. Infantry, as chief medical officer, on its march to New Mexico. Eeached Fort Craig, New Mexico, in Oc- tober and was assigned to duty there as post surgeon. In December, 1869, upon the request of the commanding officer at Fort Bayard, New Mexico, was transferred to that post, and served as post surgeon until October, 1871. From October, 1871 to July, 1872, was post surgeon at Fort Cummings, New Mexico, then transferred to Santa Fe, New Mexico, where until November, was assistant to the medical director, who was also attending surgeon at headquarters of the Military District. He was then transferred to Fort Scott, Kansas, and served as attending surgeon at an outlying camp near the border of the Indian Territory, until April, 1873, when his station was changed to Fort Supply in the Indian Territory ; his service there extended to November, 1874, and was chiefly in the "field," accompanying scouts and expeditions after hostile Indians. Late in the autumn, relinquished his appointment, and took a much needed change and rest. In April, 1875, his appointment was re- newed, this time in the Department of the Platte, his first 44 station being Camp Sheridan, in northwestern Nebraska, where duty as post surgeon was assigned him. In Octo- ber, 1875, he was transferred to Fort Laramie, Wyoming Ter., where he served continuously until May, 1878, a portion of the time as post surgeon and post treasurer. From May, 1878 to November of that year, was in the "field" as chief Medical officer with the 5th U. S. Cavalry, which scouted the country thoroughly around the Big Horn and Wind River Mountains and along the Bio; Horn Kiver and its tributaries. In November, was assigned to duty as post surgeon at Fort McKinney, in northern Wyoming, remaining thereuntil May, 1879, when he was transferred to Fort D. A. Russell, near Cheyenne, serving at that station until June, 1881, when he finally relinquished army connection to resume the practice of his profession in civil life. During the eighteen years, and more, spent with the army, not one of his appointments as acting assistant sur- geon U. S. A., was terminated except at his own request. This is not said boastfully, but in grateful memory of the uniform courtesy and personal consideration shown by the surgeon general and by the medical directors under whom he served. He has never held a professional position in civil life be- yond what is common to every practitioner, having been content to labor "in the ranks," and leave the special hon- ors to those who are more worthy to bear them. His contributions to medical literature have been few and of little moment. A report on "Pelletierine Tannate as a Vermifuge" was published in the Philadelphia Medical Times of Jan. 27, 1883, and the Quarterly Journal of Medical Sciences, late in the year 1878, or early in the following year, published some observations of his in con- nection with an article by Assistant Surgeon J. Van R. 45 Hoflf, U. S. A., on the "Etiology of so-called Mountain Fever." His present residence and address is San Diego, Cali- fornia (P. O. box 395). Samuel A. Gkeenwell. Dr. Samuel A. Greenwell was born in St. Margo county, Maryland, October 6, 1849. He graduated at Chicago, Illinois, in February, 1871. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., August 8, 1871. He served in Wyoming Territory, and mostly at Camp Stamburgh, New York, and in this field with troops. His service terminated February 8, 1874. He resigned at his own request. He has been a member of state med- ical examining board six years ; examining surgeon for pensions two years. His present residence and address is Cleburne, Texas. Chaeles "Wetherill Gumbes. Dr. Charles Wetherill Gumbes was born Nov. 2, 1841, in Philadelphia, Pa. He graduated at Jefferson College, Philadelphia, in 1864. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., on November 11, 1884. He has served at Saterlee General Hospital, Philadelphia ; Emory General Hospital, Washington, D. C. ; General DeEuseey's Div., 22nd Army Corps, Va. His services terminated May 30, 1865. 46 His present residence and address is Oaks, Montgomery Co., Pa. ; Box 595, Philadelphia. Willis W. Hall. Dr. Willis W. Hall was born in Washington county, Ohio , December 18, 1855. He graduated in Miami , Ohio , March 1, 1879. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., February 25, 1880. He served at Fort Reno, Indian Ter. ; Fort Sill, Indian Ter. ; and cantonment, north fork of Canadian river, Indian Ter. Served about eighteen months. His service terminated about September 1, 1881. He has been resident physi- cian at Cincinnati Hospital ; surgeon at Springfield City Hospital; U. S. Pension examining surgeon; surgeon 13th and 7th Regiments, O. H. G. His present residence and address is 72 East High street, Springfield, Ohio. Joseph Randolph Haemer. Joseph Randolph Harmer, M.D.., was born November 6, 1843, in Philadelphia, Pa. He graduated March, 1873, Washington, D. C, and was appointed acting assistant surgeon, June 1, 1876. He served in the army of the Potomac in Co. K, 118th Regiment Penn. Vol., and was wounded and taken prisoner at Shepherdstown, Ya., Sep- tember 20, 1862. Since 1876 he has served in the Department of Texas ; been on all the scouting trips after Indians and desperadoes and has been complimented by Gen. C. G. Augur, U. S. A., late commanding general. 47 Department of Texas, and Gen. C. H. Smith, Col. 19th Infantry, for bravery and fidelity to duty in action. He has invented a combined field cot and stretcher. His present address is Camp del Rio, Valberde Co., Texas. H. S. Haskin. H. S. Haskin, M.D., acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., was born May 17, 1849, at Tampa, Fla. (Old Fort Brooke). He graduated in medicine March 27, 1872, at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., Nov. 30, 1872, and served as post surgeon at Forts Can- by, Washington, McDermit, Neb., Halleck, Nev., and Bichnell, Cal., until April 30, 1878, when he left the ser- vice to enter the Pacific Mail S. S. Co., in which he served for six months; then settled in Charleston, Kanawa Co., W. Va., in civil practice, which was abandoned July 1, 1881. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., again and served at Fort Canby, Washington, and Presidio of San Francisco till August, 1884, when his contract was annulled because of crowded department. He obtained another contract January, 1885, and served since then at Fort Omaha, Neb., and Fort Sheridan, 111. His present residence is Fort Sheridan, 111. William Himes Hawkes. Dr. WilUairi Ilimes Hawhes was born at Meriden, Conn., on the 25th of October, 1845. He graduated at 48 the University of Pennsylvania in 1874. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., on the 1st of October, 1881. He served as assistant to the attending surgeon U. S. A., Washington, D. C, and medical examiner of recruits at the rendezvous, Washington, D. C. His services terminated on the 30th of June, 1883. His professional positions are : attending physician, Garfield Memorial Hospital, Washington, D. C. , and attending phy- sician. Providence Hospital, Washington, D. C. His present residence and address is 734 17th street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Walter J. HoFFMAiir. Waller J. Hoffman, M.D., Washington, D. C, was born in Weidasville, Pa., May 30, 1846; studied medi- cine with his father (the late Dr. Wm. F. Hoffman, of Beading, Pa.), and graduated from Jefferson Medical Col- lege, Philadelphia, Pa., March 10, 1866. Practised his profession in Reading, Pa., until the summer of 1870, when, at the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian war, he re- ceived a commission of surgeon in the Prussian army and was assigned to the 7th Army Corps located near Metz. For "distinguished services rendered," he was decorated by the Emperor William I, and after his return to Amer- ica he was appointed, in 1871, acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., and naturalist to the "Expedition for the Ex- ploration of Nevada and Arizona," Lieut, (now Major) Wheeler, U. S. Engineer Corps, commanding. The area traversed by the expedition being practically unknown, much new and interesting material T^as obtained to illustrate the natural history and ethnology. Upon the completion of the reports on the scientific portion of 49 the preceding year's field work, Dr. Hoffman was ordered, in August, 1872, to the military post at Grand River Agency (now north) , Dakota, where he served as post sur- geon and prosecuted researches in the language and my- thology of the Dakota Indians. In the spring of 1873, the government fitted out a large expedition as escort to the engineers of the Northern Pacific R. R. (usually desig- nated as the "Yellowstone Expedition of '73"), under the command of Gen'l D. S. Stanley, U. S. A., when Dr. Hoffman was detailed to accompany the 7th U. S. Cavalry, General Custer commanding, and was later transferred to the 22nd Infantry, the regiment of which General Stanley was then colonel. Returning to Reading, Pa., Dr. Hoffman resumed the practice of medicine in November of 1873, and continued until the autumn of 1877, when he was appointed by Prof- essor Hayden, then director of the U. S. Geological Survey, in charge of the ethnological and mineralogical material. In this capacity he continued until the organ- ization of the Bureau of Ethnology in 1879, when he was appointed assistant ethnologist, which office he fills at this date. Dr. Hoffman has made special investigation with the organization (^existing among all tribes of Indians, in some form or other) , usually denominated the Grand Medicine Society, and for this purpose, as well as for the collection of anthropomorphic and other ethnologic data, has visited most of the aboriginal tribes of the United States and the northwest coast of America. While in service in the German army. Dr. Hoffman devised an instrument for the extraction of bullets from deep-seated localities, as well as foreign bodies from the trachea and oesophagus. In 1882 the Dr. was appointed by the Imperial Turkish Minister of War to supervise the manufacture of a number of these bullet-extractors, as the 7 50 instrument had been previously adopted by that govern- ment, as well as by several other foreign powers. Improve- ments and inventions of other instruments were made, more especially, however, for use in biologic studies and in taxidermy. For services rendered abroad, in both medical and scientific capacities, the following decorations have been conferred upon him : The orade of Officer of the Order of the Liberator of o Venezuela ; Officer of the Order of Nichan-Iftikhar (Glory) of Tunis ; Officer of the Royal Order of the Crown of Steel of Araucania ; Knight of the Ancient, Illustrious and Most Noble Order of St. James, of Portugal ; Knight of the Eoyal Order of Melusine ; Royal Ludwig Medal of Ba- varia; Royal Norwegian Golden Medal of Merit, with Crown; Great Golden Medal for Art and Science, of Austro-Hungary ; the Steel Medal at the non-Combatant ribbon (for surgeons only), for service in Prussian Army ; the Royal Order of the Crown (3d Class), of Germany; 1st class gold Cross of Humanitarian Society of Palermo, Italy ; 1st class Medal of the Royal Italian Didactic So- ciety, Rome ; Cross of 1st class of the Academical Union of Rome, Italy ; 1st class Medal of the Royal Society 5f the Meritorious-Rome, Italy ; and Cross of 1st Class of the " Dante AUegheri Academy of Catania, Italy. In addition to honorary membership of the San Fran- cisco Co. Medical Society, of San Francisco, Cal., corre- sponding and honorary membership has been conferred by societies in which there are class, or divisions of anatomy, biology, anthropology and other studies closely connected with medical research viz. : — American. Fellow American Association for the Advancement of Science. 51 Member — American Philosophical Society, Phila., Pa. " — Acad. Natural Sciences, Phila., Pa. " — Anthropological Society, Washington, D. C. Cor. Mem. — Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Boston, Mass. <« '< — Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. Cor. Mem. — New York Acad. Anthropology, N. Y. '* '< — New York Acad. Science, N. Y. " " — Am. Ethnological Society, N. Y. " " — Buflalo Acad. Sciences, Buffalo, N. Y. " <« — Maryland Acad. Sciences, Baltimore, Md. << << — Milwaukee Nat. Hist. Soc, Milwaukee, Wis. " ** — Chicago Acad. Sciences, Chicago, 111. *' " — Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci., Davenport, la. Foreign. Hon. Fellow — Royal Soc'y Antiquaries of Ireland, Dublin. " Mem. — Anthropological Society of Munich, Bavaria. *' " — Sussex Antiquarian Soc'y, Lewes, Eng. Cor. Mem. — Anthropological Institute of Gt. Britain and Ireland, London, Eng. «< " _ Nat. Hist, and Antiq. Soc'y of the Isle of Man, Ramsey, Isle of Man. ** *' — Imp. Russian Archaeological Society of St. Petersburg, Russia. *' << — Imp. Russ. Soc. of the Friends of Nat. Hist., Anthropol. and Ethnography, Moscow, Russia. " " — Anthropological Society of Berlin, Ger- many. " " — Anthropological Society of Vienna, Aus- tria. 52 Cor. Mem. — Anthropological Society of Brussels, Bel- gium. " " — Anthropological Society of Florence, Italy. " " — Antiquarian Societies of Athens ; Algiers ; St. Omer (Fr.) ;Beaume(Fr.) ;Rennes (Fr.) ; Zurich (Switz.) ;Liege(Belg.) ; Arlon (Belg.). ** " — Geographical Societies of Lisbon; Frank- fort-a-M ; Budapest (Hungary) ; Berne (Switz.) ; Dresden, etc., etc. Benjamin L. Holt. Dr. Benjamin L. Holt was born in Rochester, New York, December 11, 1850. He graduated at College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, in 1875. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., May 1, 1875. He served at Fort D. A. Eussell, Wyoming Ter. ; acting post surgeon, Fort Sanders, Wyoming Ter. ; post surgeon, Cheyenne Depot and at Medicine Bow. He contributed an article to medical literature on "Skin Grafting." His service terminated December 11, 1876. He has been member State Medical Society in New York ; president, Yates County Society ; county physician ; health officer of town ; coroner of county ; assistant surgeon N. G. S., New York. His present residence and address is 61 Main street, Penn Yan, Yates Co., New York. Ralph Cross Huse. Dr. Ralph Cross Huse was born at Newburyport,Mass., August 21, 1843. He graduated at Harvard Medical 53 School in 1866. He was appointed acting assistant sur- geon U. S. A., on November 7, 1864, 3rd New York Vol- unteers. He served in the array of the James, North Carolina ; siege of Fort Fisher where he was wounded in the thigh; also private, Co. A, 48 Mass. Vol. with Gen. N. P. Banks, 1862-63; Baton Rouge and Donalsmith. His contributions to medical literature are only of local interest. His services terminated May 31, 1865, by reason of the wound received at Fort Fisher. The professional positions which he has held are : member Mass. Medical Society, censor of same; surgeon, Post 108, G. A. E., and charter member. His present residence and address is Georgetown, Mass. Abraham Reeves Jackson. Dr. Abraham Reeves Jackson^ president of the Assoc. Act. Asst. Surgeons U. S. A., was born in Philadelphia, Pa., June 17, 1827. He graduated in Medical Depart- ment, Pennsylvania Medical College, at Philadelphia in March, 1848. Was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., July 5, 1862. He served as assistant medical director, army of Virginia, Washington, D. C, and in the field. Among his contributions to medical literature are the following : The ovulation theory of menstruation ; Some points in the treatment of sterility ; Specialism in medi- cine ; A contribution to the relations of ovulation and menstruation ; On the hot vaginal douche ; Chapter on diseases of women in "Wood's Household Practice of Med- icine ;" Chapter on sterility, in "American System of Gynecology ;" Ethics of female sterility ; Conservatism in gynecology ; Laceration of the Cervix uteri ; Vaginal tam- ponnement ; Uterine massage ; Is the extirpation of the 54 cancer over uterus justifiable? Vaginal hysterotomy for cancer ; Is craniometry ever justifiable ? The intra-uterine stem in the treatment of flexions ; On some uncured cases of uterine hemorrhage. His services terminated Oct. 5, 1862. He has since been president and professor of gynecology in the Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago ; chief of gyn- ecological department of the West Side Free Dispensary ; fellow of the American Gynecological Society, Chicago Gynecological Society, British Gynecological Society ; member American Medical Association, Chicago Medical Society, Chicago Medical Historical Society ; honorary fellow, Detroit Gynecological Society ; consulting surgeon. Dispensary of the Women's Christian Association ; mem- ber Chicago Medico-Legal Society. His present residence and address is 271 Michigan ave., Chicago, Illinois. SiDi^EY Harvey Knowles. Sidney Harvey Knowles, M.D., was born Aug. 19, 1857, in Winnesheik Co., Iowa, and graduated from the Omaha Medical College, March 26, 1885. A three years' graded course, first course taken at College of Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y., 1881-2, also post-graduate course at the same college session, 1885-6 ; was examined by the faculty, and on account of illness during the examination could not appear for graduation and indorsement of diplo- ma which they consider equivalent to their diploma. He has been on the House Staff, Bellevue Hospital, Surgical side as "Senior House ;" late surgeon St. Joseph's Hospi- tal, Omaha, Neb. ; formerly division surgeon C. M. and St. Paul R. E. ; physician Fillmore College ; formerly as- sistant to chair of ophthalmology, otology and laryn- 55 gology, Omaha Medical College ; member of Am. Med. Assoc, of the Neb. State Med. Security and of the Daytons Co. Med. Society, Omaha, Neb. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon, Aug. 24, 1886, and served at Fort D. A. Russell, Wyo., Fort Du Chesne, Utah, Styse Saw Mill, Utah, and Fort Robin- son, Neb., where he was post surgeon from Oct. to Dec. 13, 1887, when contract was annulled. He also served in the field four months in the summer of 1887. His time of service terminated at Fort Robinson, Dec. 13, 1887. Byeon F. Kingslet. Dr. Byron F. Kingsley was born in Ripley, Chautau- qua county. New York. He graduated at the Detroit Medical College in 1874. He was appointed acting as- sistant surgeon U. S. A., June 2, 1879. He served at Fort Davis and Camp Rico, Texas, Fort Gibson, Indian Ter., and Fort Lyon, Col., as attending and post surgeon. His services terminated the middle of June, 1883. He has since been county physician one year in Carrollton, Greene Co., Illinois, in 1876 ; vice-president. West Texas Medical Association in 1885. His present residence and address is San Antonio, Bexar Co., Texas. Cyrus W. Knight. Dr. Cyrus W. Knight was born in Monticello, Mis- souri, in 1843. He graduated at Saint Louis in 1863. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., April 56 16, 1863. He served at Fort Union, Montana, as post sur- geon. His services terminated in August, 1865. His present residence and address is Saint Bermont, Louisiana. Henky Geant Keefer. Dr. Henry Grant Keefer w2iQ born in Thorold, Ontario, Canada, June 29, 1833. He began to read medicine at eighteen. Tliis was in Canada where he was born, but took the California fever in 1851 and went there where he was fourteen months as dispenser in Yuba County Hos- pital, at Marysville, under Dr. Webber and I. B. Grove, returning to Canada in 1860 to attend lectures at McGill College, Montreal. The battle of Pittsburg Landing set him off for the army, and taking letters from the pro- fessors, he went to Pittsburg Landing and graduated at the Kentucky School of Medicine in March, 1866. About May 20, 1862, was engaged by Dr. McDongall as an act- ing assistant surgeon, and assigned to duty under General Pope. After five days' service, was ordered to proceed to Pittsburg Landing to obtain supplies for a general field hospital, 1500 beds. He obtained the necessary supplies of materials, and the hospital was opened with twelve sur- geons, and Surgeon O. M. Bryan, U. S. V., in charge. He was ordered to report to him as his executive officer. He applied at request of Gen. W. I. Rosecrans, who had relieved General Pope, for permission to appear be- fore the examining board at St. Louis for examination for position of assistant surgeon, U.S. Vol., and Aug. 6, 1862, started for St. Louis in charge of a number of sick and w^ounded. He undertook Jan. 1, 1863, to join Rosecrans at Nashville, Ky., but could not get beyond Louisville, where he was assigned to duty at Park Bjmans, Louisville, 57 Kentucky, and ordered to report to Surgeon Woodward, of an Illinois regiment, and whom he soon relieved as his successor, where he made the acquaintance of Middleton Goldsmith and made many experiments with "Bromine" as an antiseptic, especially in cases of erysipelas and hos- pital gangrene. About the middle of July, 1863, was or- dered in charge General Hospital, Bowling Green, Ky., and while in charge applied for permission to appear be- fore the examining board. Passed and received commis- sion, July 5, 1864. Served on the Medical Directors' staff until July 5, 1865. Received commission of brevet sur- geon for services. He was mustered out Jan. 4, 1866. Has held the position of secretary Board of Pension Ex- amining Surgeons for the past three and a half years. His address is Honesdale, Wayne Co., Pa. Robert M. Lackey. Robert M. Lackey, M.D., was born Dec. 1, 1835, in Ohio. He graduated at the Rush Medical College, Chi- cago. Enlisted as private soldier May 20, 1861, and in September of the same year was appointed an acting assist- ant surgeon. He was afterward commissioned surgeon 98th 111. Vol., but was compelled to resign on account of disabil- ity being unable to ride horseback. He was surgeon in charge of the hospitals in Louisville, Ky., Post Hospital, Crab Orchard, Ky., Rock Island Prison. Served as med- ical inspector Department of Arkansas and as medical director 4th Div. 2nd Army Corps. Surgeon in charge of General Hospital, Little Rock, Ark. He was honorably discharged Nov. 26, 1865, with the brevet of captain for faithful meritorious service. He has published a report 58 of seven cases of gun-shot practice of the thigh treated by incision and removal of all fragments of bone, Chicago Medical Journal, June, 1863, also articles on small-pox, vaccination and other medical subjects. He was demon- strator of anatomy at the Eush Medical College, Chicago, from 1865-67. His present residence is Oak Park near Chicago, 111. Dajstiel Smith Lamb. Daniel Smith Larrib, M.D., vice-president of the asso- ciation, was born May 20, 1843, at Philadelphia, Pa. He graduated Mar., 1867, Washington, D. C, and was ap- pointed acting assistant surgeon, Apr. 1, 1868. His ser- vices so well known in the profession have been at the Army Medical Museum. He is vice-president of Medical Society, District of Columbia ; formerly professor of Ma- teria Medica and afterward of anatomy in the Howard Uni- versity of Washington, D. C. He served as a private soldier Co. E, 81st Penn. Inf., Sept. 24, 1861 ; was ap- pointed hospital steward U. S. A., May 21, 1864; reap- pointed May 21, 1867, and was appointed acting assistant surgeon, Apr., 1868. He pursued his medical studies while on military duty in Washington and graduated while still in the service where he has served continuously and faithfully for twenty-eight years. Dr. Lamb's brilliant anatomical investigations and the executive ability which he has shown in connection with the Army Medical Museum have been highly appreciated by the medical profession. His name will always be as- sociated honorably with the Army Medical Museum which owes so much to his energy and professional knowledge. 59 Gilbert Benjamin Lester. Dr. Gilbert Benjamin Lester was born in St. John, New Brunswick, Mar. 23, 1830. He graduated at Chicago Kush Medical College in January, 1864. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., on February 9, 1863, again on February 9, 1864. He served at Camp Douglas and Camp Kay, Chicago, Illinois. Resigned in November, 1863, and reappointed in 1864 at General Hospital and in charge of prisoners. His contributions to medical literature were as follows : Hsemorrhagia diathesis ; Death from punctured wounds ; Chronic alcoholism, a disease, etc. His services termi- nated in April, 1865. He afterward held position as phy- sician Board of Health, and surgeon Post 522 G. A. R. He was appointed surgeon of the 6th U. S. Vol. Inf., while on duty at Camp Kay in April, 1865. Mustered out as above in 1866. His present residence and address is Oswego, Illinois. Malcolm Macfarlan. Dr. Malcolm Macfarlan was born at Elderslie, Ren- frewshire, Scotland. He graduated January 12, 1865, at the medical department, Yale College, New Haven, Conn. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., on Feb. 25, 1865 ; from Sept. 3, 1862 to Feb. 26, 1865, he was acting medical cadet U.S. A. He has served at Ports- mouth Grove, R. I., Hospital U. S. A., Knight Hospital, New Haven, Conn., Tilton General Hospital, Wilmington, D. C, also served in the expedition in Florida and Ala- bama ; at the capture of Mobile ; battle of Opauceh Fort, Alabama ; expedition to Selma, Montgomery, Ala. ; also was present at engagement in southern Alabama, etc. ; 86th U. S. Col. Inf., 16th U. S. Regular Inf. 60 He has written a few articles on operations for hernia, cataract anatomy, etc., also made reports on the better treatment of some forms of fractures of bones, with anal- ysis of cases. His services terminated June 26, 1867. He taught in a medical school in Philadelphia from 1867 to 1876. His present residence and address is 1805 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa. Isaac Masset. Isaac Massey, M.D.^ was born Feb. 15, 1838, at West Chester, Pa. He graduated Mar. 10, 1864, from the Jef- ferson Medical College, Philadelphia, and was appointed acting assistant surgeon. Mar. 13, 1864. He served at Cape Disappointment, Washington, now Fort Cantry. The date of the termination of his service was Mar. 13, 1865. He has held the following positions in civil life : member of Nat. Am. Med. Assoc. ; member of Penn. State Med. Society; member of West Chester Med. Society; mem- ber of Chester Bay Med. Society ; fellow of the College of Physicians, Philadelphia ; resident surgeon of the Penn. K.. R. ; resident surgeon of the Philadelphia W. & B. R. R. ; physician to Westtown Boarding School ; physi- cian to Darlington's Female Seminary. His present address is 120 West Miner street. West Chester, Pa. Heney G. Mauzet. Dr. Henry G. Mauzey was born June 15, 1848, at Brunswick, Missouri. He graduated at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, March 26, 1870. He was 61 appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., in September, 1871. He has served at Portland, Ore. ; Forts Vancou- ver and Walla Walla, Washington ; and Fort Hall, Indian Ter. His services terminated in the spring of 1880. His present residence and address is Walla Walla, Washington. Hugh F. McNaky. Hugh F. Mc]SIary,M.D., was born Jan. 15, 1837, at Princeton, Ky. He graduated at Cumberland College, Princeton, Ky., and at Harvard Medical College in 1863. He served as nurse in Military Hospital in Louisville from about December, 1861 to September, 1862. On June 9, 1863, he was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., and continued in the service until August 31, 1865. He did service in several diflferent hospitals in Louisville, part of the time having charge of hospital No. 9. He was ordered to Camp Nelson Field Hospital where he had very hard work in a large tent hospital, then ordered back to Louisville, and when the large Jefferson General Hospital at Jeffersonville was opened he was ordered and remained there until its close in August, 1865. Mean- time from the Jefferson General Hospital he was ordered with the surgeon in charge, Middleton Goldsmith, to go up the Red river to the relief of the Banks' expedition. He was appointed in May, 1867, assistant physician to the Western Lunatic Asylum of Kentucky, held the position two years, then returned to his native place and has been actively engaged in the practice since July, 1869, to the present date. His address is Princeton, Ky. 62 Thomas Freeman Moses. Thomas Freeman Moses was born at Bath, Me., June 8, 1836, and graduated at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, March 9, 1861. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon Oct. 29, 1862, and served as acting as- sistant surgeon in charge of U. S. hospital ship "Euterpe ;" in charge of Grace Church Hospital, Alexandria, Va. ; ex- ecutive officer of the U. S. Transport "Connecticut" at- tached to U. S. General Hospital "Finley," Washington, D. C. His service terminated August, 1864. Among the professional positions held in civil life are the following : professor of natural science, TJrbana Uni- versity, Urbana, O. ; president of Urbana University at present date. His present address is Urbana, Champaign Co., Ohio. Joseph W. McCall. Joseph W. McCall was born in Henderson Co., Tenn'., Jan. 20, 1832, and graduated in the medical department of the University of Nashville in 1857, College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons, city of New York, in 1869, med- ical department of Vanderbilt University in 1882 and an honorary degree was conferred upon him by the medical department of the University of Tennessee in 1883. His service as acting assistant surgeon dates Oct. 15, 1862, but a written contract was not entered into until Sept. 1, 1863. Contract was annulled at his request Mar. 15, 1864. He was stationed at Trenton, Salsberry and Union City and also at Grand Junction, Tenn., and was in the skirmish at Lexington, Tenn., at the time of the capture of Col. R. 63 G. Ingersol Dec. 10, 1862. He was with the paroled men of the 7th Tenn. Col. Vol. at Camp Chase, Ohio, from Jan., 1863 until Jmie 9, 1863; was then ordered with the officers of the 17th Tenn. Cav. Vol. to the com- mand at Grand Junction, Tenn. His literary work includes the following : in the Nash- ville Journal of Medicine and Surgery in 1873 he reported a case of rupture of the uterus and escape of the child and placenta into the cavity of the abdomen (removed by gas- trotomy). In the same journal (1878) will be found an article styled "The reasonable theory of malaria." In the March number of the State Board of Health Bulletin, Nashville, Teun., he reported seven cases of Trichinosis in one family and their successful treatment. He has been examining surgeon of pensions since 1866 and is now president of the Examining Board of Surgeons at Huntington, Tenn., and presiding officer of the Carroll County Medical Society besides doing a constant general practice since 1857. His present address is Huntington, Carroll Co., Tenn. John Speed McLain. John Speed McLain, M.D., was born in Washington, D. C, August 9, 1848; graduated June 28, 1871, Na- tional Medical College, medical department of Columbian University, "Washington, D. C. ; resident student at the "Washington Asylum" 1870-71. Practised medicine in Washington from 1871 to 1874, and was house surgeon at Providence Hospital during the year 1873 and part of 1874. Date of first appointment April 9, 1874. Was ordered by the surgeon general to report to medical director, head- 64 quarters Department of the Missouri, Fort Leavenworth, Kans. Thence, Apr. 17, 1874, was ordered to Fort Un- ion, New Mexico. Having reported and been assigned to duty as assistant at Fort Union, May 2, 1874, was ordered to accompany battalion of 8th Cav. under Maj. A. J. Alexander, 8th Cav., to summer camp at old Fort Bascom on the Canadian river. New Mexico. Remained in camp at Bascom until Aug. 28, making frequent scouts after Indians, one occupying ten days with troop "L" 8th Cav., from Bascom to old Fort Sumner, on the Pecos river, with the intention of "stopping illicit trade with the Indians of the plains" (the road between the above-men- tioned old abandoned posts being the one generally taken by the "Comancheros," or illicit Indian traders). During the summer, hostile Indians were frequently seen in the immediate neighborhood of Bascom. One night they came in and drove oflF the horses of the traders which were graz- ing between their camp and the traders' establishment per haps two hundred yards apart. They were in the saddle and after them twenty-five minutes after the alarm, but, as usual, they did not succeed in coming up with them. Aug. 28, 1874, with one of the companies, he was or- dered to join Major Price's command, consisting of thr6e other companies of the 8th Cav. en route to the "Staked Plains" in search of hostile Indians. Participated in en- gagements with Indians on September 12, 1874, November 7, and December 1, 1874. In the fight of Nov. 7th one man was killed, and four wounded. Oct. 10, 1874, his command was absorbed by the " Indian Territory Expedi- tion" under command of General Miles, at that time col- onel of the 5th Inf. Scouted the "Staked Plains," "Pan handle" of Texas and portions of the Indian Territory until Jan. 26, 1875, when he returned to his post, Fort Union, New Mexico, having been in the field for five months on an expedition that was ordered for forty days. 65 April 20, 1875, was ordered from Fort Union with troop "B" 8th Cav., Capt. William McCloude, to pro- ceed via Fort Garland, Col., to scour the San Juan coun- try and Animas Park in^the southwest portion of Colorado, for the purpose of protecting the miners and settlers who were just about that time entering the San Juan mining country. Returned to Union July 30, 1875. Sept. 30, was relieved from duty at Fort Union and ordered to Fort Bayard, New Mexico, relieving assistant surgeon W. J. Wilson, U. S. A., of his duties as post surgeon and post treasurer. Remained at Bayard until Dec. 18th when he was or- dered to report to Lieut. Col. Devin, 8th Cav., com- manding 3d Battalion 8th Cav., en route from New Mexico to Texas changing station, and accompanied said battalion to Fort Clark, Texas. ^ Feb. 14, 1876, was ordered at Fort Clark, Texas, to accompany battalion 9th Cav. under command of Maj. A. P. Mooron, 9th Cav., to New Mexico ; arrived at Fort Selden, New Mexico, March 24th, and proceeded to Fort Stanton, New Mexico, where, April 6, 1876, he relieved assistant surgeon Carlos Carvallo, U. S. A., of his duties as post surgeon and post treasurer. Remained at Fort Stanton until Dec. 13, 1876, when, upon application, he was ordered to Fort Leavenworth, Kan., where, at his own request, his contract was annulled by the medical director, taking effect Jan. 1, 1877. Date of second appointment, May 1, 1878. Was or- dered to report to medical director, Department of Texas, San Antonio, and May 9, 1878, was assigned to duty at lOn this trip we were joined at Fort Bliss, Texas, by acting assistant surgeon, J. F. Bougiiter, U. S. A., wlio was ordered to the lower Rio Grande country on ac- count of his health. He was vei-y ill when he joined and on the morning we pulled out of Fort Quitman, Texas, while the command was marching along, he died in my arms in the ambulance. His body was transported to Fort Davis, Texas, where he was buried with full military honors.— E. I. P. 9 66 Fort Clark, Texas. June 10, 1878, was ordered to re- port to Col. E. S. Mackenzie, 4th Cav., commanding "Dis- trict of the Neuces," for duty with troops in the field "Army of Invasion," and four days later, with six com- panies of cavalry, eight of infantry and two batteries of artillery, nearly tAvelve hundred men, we crossed the Eio Grande into Mexico. We were confronted with Mexican troops under Gen. PiedroValdez at "Eemoliuo," Mexico, but no engagement took place and the next day we recrossed the river into Texas. This movement was considered necessary on account of the continued cattle stealing at that time ffoino: on at all the fords of the Kio Grande. During the year following, with station at Fort Clark, spent most of the time in camp and scouting with troops on the Rio Grande, and June 2, 1879, relieved as- sistant surgeon H. S. Turrill, U. S. A., of his duties as post surgeon and post treasurer at " Post of San Felipe," Texas. Returned to Fort Clark, July 22. With contin- ued field duty during the summer, Oct. 6, 1879, was or- dered to accompany four companies of the 4th Cav. en route by rail from San Antonio, Texas, to Fort Hays, Kansas. Upon completion of this duty returned to his post. Oct. 30, 1879, relieved assistant surgeon W; C. Shannon, U. S. A., of his duties as post surgeon and post treasurer at "Post of San Felipe," Texas. Nov.- 26th was ordered to Fort Garland, Col., as witness before G. C. M., and returned to Fort Clark, Dec. 21. June 17, 1880, was ordered to report to Capt. W. R. Livermore, chief engineer Department of Texas, for duty as medical officer and botanist with " an expedition to sur- vey and explore the country west of the Pecos river in Texas." This expedition remained in the field from June 25 to Dec. 24, 1880. During that time "Victoria," the renegade Apache, was making his celebrated raid into northern Texas and Mexico, and our command getting 67 upon his trail rode sixty-five miles one afternoon and night, but he reached the Rio Grande and crossed an hour ahead of us in the morning and we were forbidden by the laws in force at the time to follow him. Shortly after- wards his band was corralled by the Mexican troops in the mountains of northern Mexico and captured. June 9 to Sept. 18, 1881, on duty with troops in camp at "Meyer's Spring," Texas, and Nov. 10, was ordered to accompany "M" troop, 8th Cavalry, en route from Fort Clark to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, changing station. Returned to his station Nov. 30. Dec. 15, 1881, was assigned to duty as post surgeon. Fort Duncan, Texas, relieving assistant sur- geon W. C. Gorgas, U. S. A. ; March 2, 1882, relieved from duty there and returned to Fort Clark. May 8, 1882, on duty with cavalry battalion in camp on Nueces river, Texas (grazing camp in the mountains) , and Sept. 8 was ordered to proceed from said camp to Fort Brown, Texas, at the mouth of the Rio Grande, the yellow fever having broken out among the troops stationed at Brown, and one of the surgeons was down with it. Remained in quarantine at Fort Brown and yellow fever camp, adjacent thereto, until Dec. 10, 1882, when he accom- panied a portion of the 19th Infantry (headquarters staff and four companies) from Brown, via Brazos Santiago, Gulf of Mexico, Galveston and San Antonio to Fort Clark, Texas. Arriving at Fort Clark Jan. 1, 1883, he was as- signed to duty as post surgeon at sub-post of Del Rio, Texas, relieving assistant surgeon S. S. Tesson, U. S. A. He remained on duty at Del Rio until Nov. 12, 1883, when he proceeded to San Antonio and had his contract annulled Nov. 18, 1883; after which he proceeded to Washington, D. C, and has since that time been en- gaged in the practice of his profession in that city. His present address is J. S. McLain, M.D., late acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., 1924 N street, N W., Washington, D. C. 68 Alex MoWilliam. Alex Mc William was born at Washiugtou, D. C, in 1823, and graduated at Columbia College, 1846. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon 1862, and has served at Murfreesborough, Gainesborough, Gettysburg, Wilder- ness ; in charge of Quartermaster's Hospital, Alexandria, Va. ; surgeon in charge of Cavalry Depot, D. C. ; surgeon in Hospital Transport, state of Maine ; surgeon in charge of U. S. jail, Washington, D. C. Service terminated, 1866. His present address is 461 Missouri ave., Washington, D. C. De. Movers. Dr. Movers, acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., served faithfully on the frontier and was killed in battle with the Indians, in Maj. George A. Forsyth's celebrated fight of September 17, 1868. An account of this action is found in Colonel Dodge's book, "Our Wild Indians," page 635 et seq. James Ltcuegus Oed. Dr. James Lycurgus Ord was born in Washington, D. C. He graduated at Jefierson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa., in 1846. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., on July 14, 1846. He served during the Mex- ican war in California, during the rebellion iii California and in Arizona; at Forts Grant, Bowie, Mohave and Thomas. He is still in service, post surgeon at Fort Bowie, Arizona. He has been mayor of city of Santa 69 Barbara, California, and consul general, city of Mexico. He is one of the oldest in the service, having entered on July 14, 1846. That day he sailed in the ship Lexington from New York for California with the company F, 3rd artillery, with Capt. C. T. Tompkins in command. They were six months in making the voyage, stopping at Rio Janeiro and Valparaiso about a week for water and fresh provisions, reached Monterey, California, on the 27th of January, 1847, where they landed and took possession of Monterey and the Block House, retaining the sailors and marines, who were boarded on shore. Lieutenant Bald- win, late admiral, U. S- Navy, was in command of the Block House, which overlooked and commanded the town. Lieutenant Maddox was in command of the marines and occupied the old barracks (quartel) that had been used as quarters by the Mexican troops. He remained at Mon- terey, California, for one year, doing duty with Dr. Rob- ert Murray, recently retired as surgeon general. Was then ordered to Santa Barbara, California, where he re- mained until October, and was mustered out of service (Capt. A. J. Smith, 2nd Dragoons). Again entered the service in 1862, and did duty with the California vol- unteers who were stationed at Santa Barbara, under command of Lieut. Col. Olney, for about six months. Then again, in 1879, entered the service and did duty as post surgeon at Fort Winfield Scott for over a year, then was ordered to Arizona in March, 1880, where he has been ever since. In 1880 was in the field. The 6th Cavalry and 1st Infantry had a skirmish with Victorio, the Indian chief of the Apaches, at Sterns' ranch, midway between Forts Thomas and Apache. This was the last raid that Victorio made, as he was driven into Mexico and killed by the Mexicans while trying to escape from the Amer- ican troops. His first post in Arizona was Fort Grant, then in the field, then for a short time at Camp Rucker, 70 near the stronghold of the Apache chief, Cochise ; then for nearly two years at Fort Bowie as post surgeon ; thence to Fort Mohave on the Colorado river, 300 miles north of Fort Yuma, which was considered to be the hot- test place on this continent. From this place, the story was told that one of the men died and went to "Sheol" and came back to get his blankets as he found it too cold there without them. Fort Mohave is in the centre of the deserts of Arizona, and the hottest place on this continent, and only one place that is hotter, called Aden, on the Red sea, entrance of the Suez Canal. Remained at Fort Mo- have five years, thence to Fort Thomas on the river Gila, a branch of the Colorado, where he remained about one year. On the 22nd came here from Thomas and Ecland, Dr. Arthur as post surgeon. His long and distinguished services entitle him to official recognition by the govern- ment. Surely here is a case where a commission is de- served. His present residence and address is Fort Bowie, Co- chise county, Arizona. "William Thoentoi!^^ Paekee. Z)r. Whi. Thornton Parher was born in Boston, Massa- chusetts, December 24, 1849. He graduated at the Royal University, Munich, Germany, in 1873. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., October 16, 1882; second appointment in March, 1884. He served in the Department of the Missouri at Forts Elliot, Texas ; Union, New Mexico ; Gibson, Indian Ter. ; and Lewis, Col. His services terminated Oct. 15, 1884. Among the articles he has contributed to medical lit- erature are the following : Climate of New Mexico ; The Burton case ; First aid to the injured ; The military Red- 71 Cross corps ; A new clothing case for the army ; Ventnor, Isle of Wight, as a health resort ; Bovo-glj^ceride in sur- gery ; The prognosis of post-mortem wounds ; Difficulty of diagnosis in abdominal tumors ; The selection of health resorts ; Concerning arrow wounds ; Eecord of a post- mortem (medico legal), U. S. A. ; The oakum pessary; Recollections of student life in Vienna ; The sanitary management of cars and railroad stations ; The Red-Cross sergeant's field case ; Glycoboron suppositories ; The organization of the medical department of the German army ; The importance of the study of climatology in con- nection with the science of medicine ; Handbook sanitary rules ; A national sanitarium for consumptives. Soon after graduating, he was surgeon of the Hamburg steamers, Hammonia and Cimbria. He was surgeon in the U. S. Indian service and in charge of the Bishop Whipple Hospital at White Earth, Minn. ; surgeon at the Government Quarantine Station at Fisherman's Island, Virginia, 1885 ; member Massachusetts Medical Society ; member of the Boston Gynaecological Society ; counsel member of the sections of anatomy and climatology, International Medical Congress, 1887 ; formerly medical examiner 3rd District, Rhode Island ; surgeon general Sons of the American Revolution ; assistant surgeon 2nd Corps Cadets, M. V. M. ; member of the St. John's Ambulance Association, England. Present residence, Manchester-by-the-Sea, Mass. Asa Flanders Pattee. Dr. Asa Flanders Pattee was born in Warner, N, H., March 5, 1835. He graduated at Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H., in 1857. He was appointed acting as- sistant surgeon U. S. A., in September, 1864. He served 72 as acting assistant surgeon 2nd division U. S. A., Alex- andria, Virginia, Wolf street Branch, King street Branch, acting assistant surgeon in charge Alexandria Lihrinny Hospital. His titles of contributions to medical literature are as follows : Iron, in the blood, syrup sulpho citrate of iron, for consumption of the blood ; The therapeutical properties of Veratrum viride, with cases illustrating its use in pneu- monia ; The physiological and therapeutical properties of Gelsemium sempervireus, with cases illustrating its action on the cerebro spinal nervous system ; Atropia, in incon- tinence of the urine, with cases ; Atropia, in wounds and inflammation of the eye ; Bright's disease, a new treatment with Citrullus vulgaris ; Eenal and biliary colic formulge that have given good results ; Chronic inflammation of the uterus and ovaries, a new and successful method of treat- ment; Hemi-chorea, St. Vitus Dance on one side, in a woman of 76, and a man of 78 — recovery; Salicinum, in typhoid fever, dysentery and blood poisoning, very suc- cessful ; Chronic hydrocephalus, water on the brain, its treatment with cases to illustrate ; Resorcin, as an anti- fermentative and antiputrefactive agent in diseases of the stomach and bowels, also as a general antiseptic, read be- fore the American Medical Association at New Orleans, April 28, 1885. His services terminated in April, 1865, by resignation. He has since held position as lecturer on chemistry and pharmacy in the New England Female Med- ical College, in 1867. His present residence and address is 94 "West Spring- field street, Boston, Mass. Ozios W. Peck. Ozios W. PecJc, M.D., was born at Thomaston, Conn., May 8, 1835, and graduated in 1857 from the Medical 73 Dept. of Yale. He was appointed actiDg assistant surgeon U. S. A., Oct. 13, 1862, and was on duty at McDougall Hospital, Fort Schuyler, N. Y. Harbor, Eoberts Bartho- low, M.D., Capt., surgeon-in-charge, also J. Sam. Smith and Warren Webster from Oct. 16, 1862, until about Christmas, 1863 ; then after leave of absence of a week or two, about Jan., 1864, went on duty at de Camp General Hospital, Davids Island, N. Y. Harbor, Warren Webster, surgeon-in-charge, until, perhaps, October, 1864, when he was detailed as a member of an examining board of three acting assistant surgeons to examine recruits and drafted men at the draft rendezvous at Grape Vine Point. The men were sent to this camp from the states of Vermont, Rhode Island and Connecticut after passing the surgeons of the board of enrollment. Service terminated here in Feb- ruary, 1865, when at his request he was discharged or con- tract annulled. Among his literary writings are : Migraine ; Rural san- itation ; Germs and what is known of them. He is a member of the American Public Health Asso- ciation ; has been president of his County Medical Society, Otsego, and a member of N. Y. State Medical Society ; also grand medical examiner of the Order of United Friends for the state of New York and has been a member of the Board of Education in his district. Soon after the war, in 1868-69, while residing in New Haven, he was a member of the common council of that city. After the war he remained in practice in New Haven until 1873 when he spent a year and a half in study and travel in this country. He settled in New Haven in 1875. Geoege Hoffman Penrose. Dr. George Hoffman Penrose was born in Whitehall, New York, June 4, 1862. He graduated at University of 74 Buffalo, Buffalo, N. Y., Feb. 22, 1886. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., June 14, 1888. He served at Fort Totten, Dakota. His present residence and address is Fort Totten, Da- kota. Akmistead Peter. Dr. Armistead Peter was born in Montgomery county, Maryland, February 23, 1840. He graduated at the Na- tional Medical College, Columbus University, D. C, Feb- ruary 21, 1861. He was appointed acting assistant sur- geon U. S. A., July 7, 1862. He served in Seminary Hospital, Waters Ware-house Hospital, D. C. His ser- vices terminated July 15, 1863. His present residence and address is 3044 O street, Washington, D. C, corner of 31st street, N.W. Henry R. Porter. Dr, Henry R. Porter was born in Lee Centre, New York, in 1848 (Oneida county). He graduated at Uni- versity of Georgetown, District of Columbia, in 1872. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., in 1872. He served at Infield, Arizona, Camp Grant, Arizona, Camp Hancock, Dakota. In the field, Custer expedition 1876, only surviving surgeon. His service terminated in 1876. He has since been president of the Missouri Valley Medical Society of North Dakota, and superintendent of the Board of Health of Burleigh county, 75 Dakota. He has also been vice president of the Board of Examining Surgeons for U. S. pensions at that point. His present residence and address is Bismarck, Dakota. Every man who took part in the fight on Reno Hill will always remember and speak kindly of Col. Benteen, as his bravery and coolness brought them through. A braver man never lived. Charlie Reynold, Charlie Custer's scout, was considered the finest shot in the 7th Cavalry and was among the first killed. He was with Reno's command and said before the fight there were more Indians there than he ever saw to- gether before. Dr. H. R. Porter is the only surviving doctor of the three with Custer's command. Dr. Lord was killed on the hill with Custer's men ; Dr. De Wolf was killed near the top of Reno Hill. Dr. Porter had many narrow escapes while attending the wounded and dying, bullets and arrows flying around him thick and fast. This is what Col. Benteen says of the doctor in a recent letter: "I know of no doctor in the regular corps who would have performed the work which Dr. Porter did with his small force of assistants ; don't think there was or is one in the army. There was no nonsense, no gush about him, only a strict attention to his duty and as modest about it as a girl in her teens." The Custer battlefield is situated on the Little Big Horn river, Montana ; the monument is placed where Gen. Cus- ter's remains were found ; only one officer's remains were buried on the battlefield, young Lieut. Crittenden. His father, Gen. Crittenden, said, "bury him where he fell on the battlefield." Comanche is the only surviving horse of the massacre. He was found many miles away from the battlefield with seven wounds. The secretary of war issued an order prohibiting any one from riding him with instructions to detail a soldier to take care of him. Comanche is led out fully equipped at all dress parades. 76 Samuel O. Lewis Potter. Samuel 0. Lewis Potter, A.M., M.D., was born Sept. 18, 1846, in England. He graduated from the Medical College of Mo., Apr. 1, 1878, and the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Mar. 31, 1882. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon Oct. 23, 1882, and has served as post surgeon. Fort Robinson, Neb., assistant surgeon Fort D. A. Russell, Wyo., and Fort Douglas, Utah, also sur- geon to detach 6th U. S. Infantry en route to Fort Thorn- burgh, Utah. Among his writings are the following : Quiz compends of anatomy and Materia medica (1883) ; Handbook of Materia medica; Pharmacy and therapeutics (1887); Index comparative therapeutics (1880) ; On speech and its defects (prize essay 1882) ; etc. His services as acting assistant surgeon terminated June 26, 1883. Among the professional positions held in civil life are those of U. S. pension examining surgeon at Salt Lake City, Utah ; professor of theory and practice of medicine, Cooper Medical College, San Francisco, Cal. His present residence and address is 330 Sutter street, San Francisco, Cal. The following clipping from the San Francisco " Alta- California" tells more fully the story of his life. " The Board of Trustees of the Cooper Medical College, formerly the Medical College of the Pacific, has, on the the unanimous recommendation of the Faculty of that in- stitution, elected Dr. S. O. Lewis Potter, of Salt Lake City, to fill the responsible Chair of Theory and Practice of Medicine, vice Dr. Henry Gibbons, Sr., deceased. This action was taken after a series of trial lectures de- livered by Dr. Potter before the faculty and students, 77 and an extended professional association between him ana several of the faculty. Dr. Potter is the eldest son of the Rev. Samuel Georo-e Potter, vicar of HoUiscroft, Sheffield, England, who is of English birth but of Australian education. His mother is of Scotch-Irish family in the north of Ireland. One of his brothers is the Rev. Beresford Potter, rector of March, England ; another is superintending surgeon to the P. and O. Steamship Company at Bombay ; while another lived some years in California, and was drowned in the Mis- souri river about 1873. Two of his sisters are married in India to officers of high rank in the British army, one being Lieutenant-Colonel L. 11. Young, commandant of Fort Saukra, in the Punjaub ; and the other Staff Surgeon Charles Hatchell, Indian Army Medical Department. The subject of this notice began the study of medicine at the age of fifteen years, under the direction of Dr. R. H. Courtenay, M.R.C.S., surgeon to the Baltinglass Union Hospital. After two years of study he came to the United States, at the age of seventeen, and entered the United States Army during the war, serving in the same brigade with the California Hundred. After the war closed he served several years as construction engineer on the Oregon and California Railroad, and in the United States engineering department, where he acquired a rep- utation for conscientious work and literary pursuits, which is well set forth in a commendatory letter given him by General A. A. Humphreys, then chief of engineers. Uni- ted States Army. After thus working for some years to obtain the means necessary for a renewal of his studies, he resumed the study of medicine in England, under the preceptorship of Dr. George Kemp, surgeon to the Shef- field Union Hospital, passing the examination in general education required by the British Medical Council, and officially approved by the Royal College of Surgeons, 78 England. He continued his studies with Dr. N. Senn, of Milwaukee, Wis., a surgeon of national reputation, and after graduating in 1878 he entered Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, from which he again graduated af- ter two more years with the first prize of that school in a class of two hundred and forty-seven graduates ; then go- ing up before the Faculty of Bellevue Medical College for examination for endorsement of diploma, wliich he re- ceived. Shortly afterward he entered the medical de- partment of the United States Army, serving as post surgeon at Fort Robinson, Neb., and as acting assistant surgeon at Fort Russell, Wyo., and at Fort Douglass, Utah, at the latter station leaving the army to settle at Salt Lake City, where he has practised successfully for over three years. Besides his prize essay, which is published byBIakiston & Co., of Philadelphia, he is the author of An index of comparative therapeutics, published in 1880 ; also Quiz compends of anatomy, Visceral anatomy and Materia medica, books which have gone through four editions in three years, being in the hands of nearly every medical student in America, besides having a very large sale in England. A large volume of eight hundred pages on "Materia Medica, Pharmacy and Therapeutics," from his pen, is now going through the press and will appear this fall. He has been United States examining surgeon for pensions and examiner for the Equitable, Mutual Life and Northwestern Life Insurance companies. Dr. Potter is a man of forty years of age, who brings to the work before him a mind stored with the fruits of twen- ty-five years of study, a habit of industry in the literary fields of his profession, a thorough classical and technical education and an extended and successful experience in military and civil practice. We are confident that he will prove eminently successful, both as a teacher and a prac- 79 titioner of his specialty, the pure practice of medicine, and so believing we welcome him heartily to San Fran- cisco, where, surrounded as he will be by colleagues of the highest professional rank, his future success is al- ready assured." Joim F. Peatt. Z)r. John F. Pratt was born in Greene, Maine, Aug. 3, 1830. He graduated at Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Me., and was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., in July, 1862. The following is an extract from a history of the Massachusetts Soldiers' Home, located in Chelsea, Mass. " The physician in charge, Dr. John F. Pratt of Chel- sea, whom the trustees have appointed for another year, is in every way competent and successful in his treatment, and much admired by those in his charge. The trustees were wise in making the appointment. Dr. Pratt entered the service as acting assistant sur- geon U. S. A., at Harrison Landing, in July, 1862, and went on duty at the Harrison Landing Hospital, was trans- ferred to General Hospital on Craney Island in August, 1862, and in November of the same year was sent to Gen- eral Hospital at Hampton, Virginia, where he remained on duty until early in the spring of 1864, when he was put in charge of the hospital on the flag of truce steamer 'New York,' and was at City Point on the flag of truce with a load of confederates when Butler's army came there the first of May. Was then sent on shore at Bermuda Hundreds to open a hospital, and in July was appointed post surgeon ; remained there until the post was aban- doned, in spring of 1865. In July was transferred to the 80 Freedmen's Bureau, and in the fall of the same year was sent to Petersburgh and put in charge of the sanitary and health department of the Freedmen's Bureau of that city, where he remained until June, 1866, when he re- signed, and returned home, serving four years." His present residence and address is 63 Washington avenue, Chelsea, Mass. S. J. Radcliffe. S. J. Radcliffe, M.D.^ was appointed acting assistant surgeon in 1862. His army record is in the adjutant gen- eral's office at Washington from July 7, 1862 to May 1, 1884; July 7, 1862 to Feb. 1, 1864, acting assistant surgeon U . S. A. ; Feb. 1, 1864 to 1865, assistant sur- geon and brevet lieutenant colonel (colonel by assignment as medical director of army corps) and from Nov. 19, 1866 to May 1, 1884, again acting assistant surgeon and assistant attending surgeon at Washington. During this time a great diversity of duties was performed embracing nearly every department within the range of the medical corps. His contributions to medical literature are very numerous. His present address is 1332 I street, N. W., Washing- ton, D. C. L. D. Radzinsky. L. D. Radzinsky, M.D., was appointed assistant sur- geon of the 36th New York Infantry June 12,1861. Jan., 81 1862, after passing the regular examination for assistant surgeon U. S. A., was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., and assigned to duty with the artillery of Gen. Sumner Richardson's division 2nd Army Corps at Fairfax Seminary Jan., 1862, Batteries A and C 4th U. S. Artil- lery, Petit's and Frank's batteries. He served with the above commands until July, 1862, when he resigned at Harrison's Landing on account of sickness. Returning: home to New York, he was reappointed in Aug., 1862, by Sergeant Satterlee to the General Hospital at Chester, Pa., as an acting assistant surgeon. Remained on duty at that station until Feb., 1863, when he was transferred to the U. S. General Hospital, Philadelphia, Sergt. John Neal in charge. June, 1863, he was ordered for duty with the battalion 1st Pennsylvania Chasseurs, a new reg- iment just forming. He served with them until Nov., 1863, when he was ordered to the Department of the South, Hilton Head, General Gilmore's headquarters. From there he was ordered to Morris Island to relieve Sergt. Samuel Gross in charge of the field hospital. June 12, he resigned to accept a commission as assistant sur- geon 54th Mass. Colored Infantry. He remained with them until mustered out in 1865, when he was ordered before the Medical Examining Board for promotion ; was com- missioned surgeon July, 1865, and assigned to the 104th U. S. colored troops at Beaufort, S. C. This regiment was mustered out of service at Charleston in Jan., 1866. He was reappointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., and attached to the Freedmen's Bureau as post surgeon and agent at Orangeburg, S. C. In 1872 he began prac- tice in Brooklyn, where he remained until 1875, after- wards removing to his present residence at McKeesport, Pa. Was formerly a member of Kings' County Medi- cal Society, Brooklyn. He is post surgeon of Samuel Black Post No. 59 G. A. R., Commander of John Logan 10 82 No. 2, Union Veteran Union of Penn. He was a gradu- ate of the medical department of the University of New York. He is a member of the Loyal Legion U. S., Phil- adelphia Commandery. P. L. EicE. P. L. Rice, M.D., was born in Syracuse, N. Y., March, 1835, and graduated 1864, at St. Louis, Mo., St. Louis Medical College. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon April, 1864, with Madison Wills surgeon and medical director U. S. A. ; served in St. Louis, Jefferson barracks, Benton barracks, Nashville, Chattanooga, Knoxville, etc., until the close of the war, closing contract Sept., 1865. His second contract was with General Bradley, com- manding district for Mexico in Oct., 1885, serving in field with Colonel Biddle, 6th Cavalry, until Jeromeno surrendered, in the spring of 1887. His third contract was dated Sept., 1889, with Col. J. E. Smith, medical director U. S. A., department Ari- zona ; on duty at Fort Brown since. Lewis "W. Ritchie. Dr. Leiuis W. Ritchie was born March 8, 1845, at Georgetown, D. C. He graduated at the medical depart- ment of Georgetown College. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., on the 23rd of September, 1869. He has served at Fort Myer, Virginia, also at the mili- tary hospital in Washington and on the Antietam battle- 83 field as a volunteer surgeon. His services terminated September 1, 1887, with occasional terms of service as same. His professional positions have been staff of Co- lumbia Lying-in Hospital. His present residence and address is 3259 N street, Georgetown, D. C. Fea^cis H. Roof. Francis H.Roof, M.D. , was born at Cooperstown, N. Y. , Dec. 4, 1840, and graduated at N. Y. College of Pliysicians and Surgeons in 1862. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., Jan. 20, 1865, and was stationed at Savannah, Ga. He has been on duty at Post Hospital (under J. K. Bigelow, surgeon 8th Ind. Vols.) and had charge of the wards containing U. S. soldiers and also those containing sick and wounded confederate prisoners, besides being in full charge of the Contraband Hospital at Savannah, Ga. He was honorably discharged May 23, 1865. He re- ceived the appointment of assistant surgeon 39th Regt. Infantry N. G. S., N. Y., by Gov. Fenton, July 21, 1866, and was also assistant physician Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, from Nov., 1862 to Feb., 1864. His present residence is Rhinebeck, N. Y. Wallace Edgar Sabln-. Wallace Edgar Sabin, M.D. , was born at Lenox, Mass. , 1845. He graduated at the College of Physicians and Sur- geons, N. Y. City, March, 1868, and was appointed acting 84 assistant surgeon U. S. A., Dec. 1, 1869. He has served in the following places : surgeon in charge of camps near Fort Scott, Kansas ; assistant and at times post surgeon at Camp Supply, Indian Ter. ; post surgeon at Fort Gibson, Indian Ter. ; assistant and at times post surgeon at Forts Dodge, Kansas, Elliot, Texas, Keogh, Montana, Meade, Dakota, post surgeon at Fort Pembina, Dakota ; assistant and at times post surgeon at Fort Custer, Montana. While post surgeon at the military posts before men- tioned he was confined to duties in the post, but as an as- sistant. He had been detailed as medical officer in charge, in the field fully one-half of the time with troops contin- ually on the march, traversing hundreds of miles of unset- tled country, living in tents and exposed to all the hard- ships and dangers of Indian warfare. Though no one body of troops is commonly sent out for more than twenty or thirty days at a time, the assistant surgeon is detailed with each expedition in succession and therefore travels on horseback many more miles than any other officer. In 1870 he marched with the 6th Infantry from Fort Scott, Kansas, to Fort Smith, Indian Territory, and re- turned, 440 miles. Later during the same year he was detailed with a troop of cavalry to remove white squatters from the Indian Territory, three hundred of whom had crossed the Kansas state line and built cabins four and five miles south of that boundary. They marched fully 360 miles. In 1871, the same thing was repeated except that instead of 300 there were over 1500 people and they had settled for twenty miles south of the line. They traversed the 360 miles again in removing them. Aug., 1872, found them while on a 200 mile march near the Arkansas river passing through a herd of bufialo whose current of movement was fully twelve miles^ wide, the stream extending far as the eye could reach to the north and to the south. During the entire night of Aug. 8, this 85 enormous herd of bufialo streamed past the camp coming so near that extra sentinels were posted to prevent the overrunning and destruction of the tents and picket line. The number of buffaloes were estimated to be several hundreds of thousands. It is needless to say this southern herd has passed away and only a few thousands were to be seen of the northern herd of buffalo in Montana in 1879 ; these now have passed away also. In 1872, he was detailed with a party to measure the Salt Plains of Kansas ; after marching fifty-six miles north of Camp Supply, Indian Territory, a level plain was reached covered with almost pure salt over an area of three by eight miles. A Kansas blizzard caught them on the way home and caused intense suffering to the entire party. In Feb., 1873, he marched 270 miles in "the outlet" hunting for trail of hostile Cheyennes. During April, May, June and July, 1873, he marched consecutively nearly 1600 miles with troops transferred from Camp Supply, Indian Territory, to the Eio Grande and return to Supply, making an average of seventeen miles a day for ninety-eight days, passing through six mil- itary posts to draw rations on the way and several old and abandoned posts in Texas. Aug., 1873, he marched 224 miles chasing hostile Chey- enne Indians in the Indian territory. April, 1874, marched 182 miles hunting for trail of hos- tile Cheyenne Indians. July, 1875, marched 284 miles hunting for trail of hos- tile Cheyenne Indians. Dec, 1875, marched 100 miles with escort to friendly Arapahoes hunting buffalo in "the outlet." March, 1876, marched 102 miles with escort to friendly Arapahoes hunting buffalo in Texas. May, 1876, marched 265 miles as medical officer with U. S. surveying party to determine the head waters of the Ked river of the South on the Staked Plains. 8Q July, 1876, marched 380 miles with troops moving north to Fort Dodge and return. Troops bound for the Yel- lowstone country after Custer's massacre. Sept., 1877, marched 180 miles up the Yellowstone river to join Gen. Miles in pursuit of Chief Joseph of the Nez Perces. Oct., 1877, marched 180 miles down the Yellowstone river with troops escorting Chief Joseph to Fort Buford, Dakota. Nov., 1877, marched 219 miles chasing hostile Sioux. Dec, 1877, marched 360 miles with troops, escorting 300 prisoners of war captured near Tongue river and trans- ferred to the Lower Missouri. Jan., 1878, marched 210 miles up the Yellowstone river chasing hostile Sioux Indians. March, 1878, marched 332 miles crossing the Yellow- stone and chasino' hostile Sioux north of the Missouri river. Aug., 1878, marched 260 miles with troops building U. S. military telegraph line from Fort Keogh, Montana, to Fort Meade, Dakota. Oct., 1878, marched 368 miles chasing hostile Sioux north and across the Missouri river. Feb., 1879, marched 411 miles with troops who cflp- tured Little Wolf's band of 300 hostile Cheyennes. April, 1879, marched 194 miles chasing hostile Sioux Indians back across the Missouri river. June, 1879, marched 259 miles chasing hostile Sioux back across the Missouri river. July and August, 1879, marched 598 miles with Gen. Miles' troops to the northern boundary line on Little Rocky Creek, meeting and fighting 4000 Sioux under Sitting Bull on Mill river and capturing 60 hostiles. July 17, 1879, Capt. Clark was sent with 100 soldiers and 160 Indian scouts to reconnoitre west of Beaver creek. He ran into the whole of Sitting Bull's band and was surrounded. Some of his party were able to escape and brought word 87 to Gen. Miles who was able to reach the battleiield in time to prevent another Custer's massacre. Feb., 1880, marched 227 miles with troops escorting Northern Pacific R. R. surveyors in the Yellowstone val- ley. April, 1880, marched 204 miles up the Yellowstone after hostile Sioux Indians. June, 1880, marched 242 miles down the Yellowstone after hostile Sioux Indians. Oct., 1880, marched 340 miles with troops transferred to Poplar Creek Agency. Dec, 1880, and Jan., 1881, marched 459 miles north to Poplar Creek Agency on the Missouri river with Col. Guido Ilgis and captured from Sitting Bull's band over 950 hos- tile Sioux. June, 1881, was detailed with five companies of the 5th Infantry under Col. Snyder to escort in five steamboats 1700 captured Sioux and Cheyennes from Fort Keogh to Standing Rock Agency by the Yellowstone and Missouri rivers. Aug., 1881, marched sixty-four miles with troops watching the fords of the Yellowstone for passing hostile Sioux. Oct., 1881, marched 189 miles chasing hostile Sioux, going north across the boundary line. July, 1884, marched nine miles and remained two weeks in camp of troops cutting firewood. Oct., 1886, marched 180 miles north with troops chang- ing station. May, 1888, travelled on cars 3200 miles with troops changing station. Aug., 1888, marched 180 miles and captured twenty renegade Cheyennes from Pine Ridge Agency, Nebraska. He is still in the service. Among the professional positions held in civil life are 88 the following : hospital surgeon, N. P. E. E., for two years in Montana and medical examiner for several eastern life insurance companies. His present residence and address is Fort Custer, Mon- tana. Ira Leayitt Saistdeeson. Ira Leavitt Sanderson, M.D., was born at Littleton, Mass., May 13, 1840. He graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y., March 1, 1869, and was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., Oct. 3, 1872 ; was assigned to duty in the department of Arizona, where he served as post surgeon at Forte Verde, Apache and San Carlos, also did duty in the field with scouting parties during the arduous campaigns of General Crook against the hostile Apaches (during this time there were not more than two or three commissioned surgeons in that department, the most of the duty being done by acting assistant surgeons). On Dec. 16, 1875, at his own re- quest, his contract was annulled for the purpose of asking permission of the Secretary of War to be allowed to ap- pear before the Medical Examining Board as a candidate for appointment as assistant surgeon. This privilege was denied him on account of being above the age limited by law (twenty-eight years). From Oct. 8 to Feb. 21, 1881, he was under contract most of the time, accompanying detachments of recruits from David's Island, New York, to their stations in the depart- ments of Dakota and Texas. Since March 1, 18§1,. he has been on duty in the department of Dakota, serving at Forts Custer and Meade, in the field and elsewhere. Dur- 89 ing his service as a contract surgeon he has been sub- ordinate to those younger than himself in years, as well as in the profession, and who were unfamiliar with not only their military but professional duties, and whenever sta- tioned with, not only the class of commissioned surgeons before mentioned, but with all commissioned surgeons, he has had the lion's share of the duty to do. He served as first lieutenant, Co. A, 31st Regt. New Jersey Volunteers from August 25, 1862 until June 24, 1863, in Maryland and Virginia, that organization belong- ing to the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division and 1st Corps, and was honorably mustered out with the regiment. After competitive examination by the medical examin- ing board, he was appointed by the commissioners of public charities and corrections as resident physician of the House Staff of Charity Hospital, Blackwell's Island, New York City, and creditably performed the duty, and to the satis- faction of the officers and members of the Medical Board, as their diploma, dated April 1, 1871, attests. During this time had medical charge of the Penitentiary, Work house and Alms house, and was, later, physician in charge of the Small-pox Hospital on Blackwell's Island. While the steamer Metropolitan was used for receiving small-pox patients, by the New York Board of Health, he was physician in charge of it. November 15, 1871, was appointed assistant health in- spector on the Board of Health of New York City and was also visiting physician to the Northwestern Dispensary, N. Y., at both of which the dut}'^ was performed to the satisfaction of his superiors in office. He has been a member of the New England Historic Genealogical Society since Jan. 1, 1879; is a Knight of Honor and a Knight Templar. His present address is Fort Meade, Dakota. 90 GosHAM Paesons Sae&ent. Dr. Gosham Parsons 8argent was born Dec. 10, 1834, at Philadelphia, Pa. He graduated at the Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, in 1863. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., on Sept. 12, 1863. He has served at Camp Copeland, Braddocks field, Pa., Satterlee, U. S. A. Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa., and during the winter of 1861-62 was Medical Cadet at Summit's Hospital, U. S. A., Philadelphia, Pa. His services terminated at the close of the war. The professioual positions which he has held are : attend- ing physician at Hospital of the Good Shepherd, Radnor, Pa., and at Villa Nova College, Pa. His present residence and address is Bryn, Montgomery Co., Pa. James Saunders. James /Saunders, M.D., was born in Manchester, Eng- land, 1837. He graduated at the University of Michigan, 1864. He was ordered to duty at Camp Chase, Ohio, afterwards at Fort Wayne, near Detroit. He was surgeon 19th U. S. Infantry. He was stationed at the Harper General Hospital, Detroit, Michigan. At his own request, his contract was annulled and, in 1866, he was re-appointed and served in the Department of Texas, with the 4th U. S. Cavalry. He afterwards served at Fort Mason in Texas. In 1869, he served at Greenville, Tex. ; also served at Austin, Texas. He served on a board of officers, consist- ing of Brev. Lt. Col. Webster, major and surgeon U. S. A, ; 91 Brevet Major J. D. Middleton, captain and assistant surgeon U. S. A. ; acting assistant surgeon James Saun- ders, U. S. A. The board was to examine Corp. Frank J. Clark, Co. H, 4th U. S. Cavalry, for position as hos- pital steward, U. S. A. (special order 306, Dec. 30, 1869, Dist. of Texas). His contract was annulled at his own request, March 22, 1870. June 2, 1872, he was appointed by Gov. Davis, quar- antine health officer at Sabine Pass, Texas, and served until June 22, 1874, when he was commissioned by Gov. Coke as quarantine health officer, Sabine Pass. He was appointed Apr. 10, 1884, on Board of Medical Examiners for examination of applicants to practise medicine in Texas. He was a member of the committee on legislation, Texas State Sanitary Association, 1889, and also a member of the Mississippi Valley Association. His present address is Orange, Orange Co., Texas. Joseph Sheppakd. Joseph 8heppard was born at Bridgeton, N. J., June 28, 1828, and graduated, April, 1849, at the University of Pa. He was at the U. S. A. General Hospital, Chest- nut Hill, Philadelphia, and his service terminated in the fall of 1865. He has published a sketch of physicians and surgeons of the U. S. His residence is at Bridgewater, N. J. Benjamin F. Slaughter. Benj. F. Slaughter was born in Nelson county, Ky., in 1842. He graduated at Louisville, Ky., in 1864, and 92 was appointed in Apr., 1867, an acting assistant surgeon. Durinof the war he served as a medical cadet. He was commissioned assistant snrgeon 53rd Ky. Inf., December, 1864, and surgeon, April, 1865. In 1871 while an acting assistant surgeon, he accompanied a detachment of troops with orders to build mounds between Forts Eio and Stevens. He was a member of the board appointed by Gen. Hancock, April, 1872, to select a site at or near the supposed crossing of the Missouri river by the Northern Pacific R. E. He was elected to the territorial council of Dakota in 1874 ; in the senate in 1873-74. His present residence is Hot Springs, Arkansas. William A^THOiirT Smith. Dr. William Anthony Smith was born at Huntingdon, Huntingdon Co., Pa., November 13, 1809. He grad- uated from the Medical Dept. of the University of Penn- sylvania (at Philadelphia) , March 29, 1832, and practised his profession in Bedford and Cambria counties. Pa., from that period until 1858, when he removed to Philadelphia and resided thereuntil 1862. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon, U. S. Army, June 14, 1862, and as- signed to duty in the Army of the Potomac, then before Eichmond, Va. Being left in charge of Union sick and wounded at Savage Station, Va., June 29, 1862, he was taken prisoner with other surgeons, by confederate forces and confined in Libby prison, Eichmond, Va., until ex- changed July 28, 1862. Was re-appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., on September 26, 1862, and assigned to duty in hospitals in and near "Washington, D. C, till 93 October 5, 1862, when he was transferred to distributing camp, near Alexandria, Va., in charge of Penn. division of convalescents. Was relieved from duty and re-ap- pointed. May 4, 1863, and on May 28, 1863 was. assigned to duty at Judiciary Square Hospital, Washington, D. C. Was on service at Columbia Hospital and at the Chain Bridge, D. C, from May 15, 1864 to August, 1864. From latter date until May, 1865, was acting surgeon of 6th Regt. Veteran Reserve Corps, at camp of confederate prisoners, Johnson's Island, Ohio. From May, 1865, was in charge of post hospital at Kelton Barracks, and of Locke hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, till December 19, 1865, when finally was relieved from duty and ordered to Washington, D. C, for termination of services (January, 1866), by Surgeon General, U. S. A., by reason of cessa- tion of hostilities. Resided in Philadelphia, Pa., until decease, October 30, 1887. Dr. Smith was lineally descended from William Smith, D.D. First Provost of the University of Pennsylvania, (1754-1779) , and was an active member of both the Penn. Historical and St. Andrew's Societies. In the minutes of the latter it is duly recorded "That in the death of Dr. William Anthony Smith, the society has indeed lost one of its most valued members. He was a man of high lit- erary attainments and was noted at the same time for his great kindness of heart and genial disposition. Possessed of a very retentive memory, a thorough scholar and his- torian, with great command of language, he was, it may be said, the historian of the society. The literary legacies which he has left us show great historical research and could only have been written by one singularly familiar with the early history of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania, who himself lived in the early part of the present century and was gifted with a wonderful memory." 94 Solon Buckley Stone. Dr. Solon Buckley Stone was born in Randolph, Ver- mont, Feb. 26, 1855. He graduated at the National Med- ical College, Columbian University, Washington, D. C, March, 1879. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., Dec. 5, 1883. He served at Fort Bowie, Fort Grant and in field, Arizona Territory, and (under pres- ent contract) Fort Maginnis ; Montana Cabonet four and one-half years ; Fort Missoula six months, and Fort Shaw, Montana, three months. He is a Fellow of the Massa- chusetts Medical Society. His present residence and address is Fort Shaw, Mon- tana. James H. Strom. Dr. James H. Strom was born in Augusta, Georgia, Feb. 10, 1837. He graduated at the Medical College, Augusta, Georgia, in 1870. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon, Aug. 5, 1878. He served at Fort Bowie, Arizona territory ; Fort Huachuca, Arizona terri- tory ; Fort Gaston, California, and Fort Thomas, Arizona territory ; part of the time, field service. His titles of contribution to medical literature are the following : Cholera infantum ; Foreign bodies in the ure- threa ; Why urinary diseases are on the increase in United States, Medical Bulletin, St. Louis, Missouri. His services terminated Mar. 12, 1882. His contract was annulled at his own request. His present residence and address is Melvern, Osage county, Kansas. 95 EdWAED "WaLLEN STEIN" Thompsojs". Dr. Edward Wallenslein Thompson was born in New York City, N. Y., Dec. 28, 1840. He graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, March 1, 1864. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., May 19, 1864. He served at Emory Hospital, Washington, D. C, and at Fortifications at Arlington Heights. His services terminated Oct. 26, 1864. He has since been examining surgeon, pension department, at New York City; medical examiner. Empire City Lodge, A. O. U. W. His present residence and address is 302 East Broad- way, New York City, N. Y. Stephen^ B. Thompsoit. Stephen B. Thompson, M.D., was born in Bucks Co., Pa., June 3, 1836. Graduated at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in the class of 1857 ; practised medi- cine in Philadelphia, Sioux City, Iowa, and Central City, Col., until 1862 when he was commissioned assistant surgeon, 3rd Col. Vols. ; was mustered out of service Jan- uary, 1864; the same year he passed his examination be- fore the examining board of which Surg. John Campbell was president in Philadelphia, and received a contract as acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., and was ordered to Hilton, S. C. ; did duty in the Department of the South in hospitals and in the field ; contract annulled July 16, 1865, at his own request. Was appointed acting assist- ant surgeon U. S. A., in the bureau of refugee freedmen and abandoned lands. May 29, 1866. His contract was annulled Dec. 15, 1868, when the bureau was discon- 96 tiuued ; was appointed by the governor of South Carolina, health officer of the harbor of Port Royal, S. C, in Feb- ruary, 1869; held that position until 1873, when he was appointed assistant physician to the S. C. Insane Asylum, which position he held only a year as it was distasteful to him. He was pension examining sui-geon in Port Royal for several years and resigned in 1880. He practised medicine in Port Royal until his receut removal to Wash- ington, D. C. He is a life member of the Alumni Asso- ciation of Jefferson Medical College. His present address is 1220 S street, N. W., Washing- ton, D. C. Daniel W. Tindall. Daniel W. Tindall, M.D., was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 19, 1836. Graduated in medicine from the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor), March 3, 1864. Was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., April 20, 1864, and was assigned to duty with the 7th U. S. C. Artillery (Col. 16th A. C), and remained on duty with that regiment until June 28, 1865. At that time he re- signed, the war being over, and returned to the duties of civil life. His present residence is Taylor, Mo. Luther Clark Toney. Dr. Luther Clark Toney was born in St. Louis, Mis- souri, May 25, 1858. He graduated at Missouri Medical College, St. Louis, Missouri, March 20, 1881, and at Belle- 97 vue Hospital Medical College, New York City, March 15, 1882. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., July 25, 1888. He served at Fort Lowell, Arizona territory. Among his titles of contributions to medical literature are the following : Cystic sarcoma, St. Louis Medical and Surgery Journal, 1884 ; Hyascyanin sulphuric, St. Louis Medical Keview ; Hour-glass contraction and the value of a small hand in midwifery; Pneumonia as complicated with typhoid fever ; Dislocation of shoulder-humerus ; Pneu- monia; The stomach tube among the insane; Aloiu, hy- podermically ; The human ovum at end of third week ; Disproportion between the size of ovum and embryo ; High altitudes upon heart and lung diseases. He had an unusual result in operating for Hoemetonea auris. He was appointed after special medical examination be- fore Profs. James E. Wood, Alfred L. Louis and I. W. White of New York as assistant physician on the medical staJBF of officers in the New York City Lunatic Asylum on Blackwell's Island, 19th ward of the city of New York. This appointment was made by the coroners of public charities and correction. Served till Nov. 15, 1883, when he left by voluntary resignation. Dec. 1, 1888, he was appointed surgeon on board the Leerdam of the Nether- lands' S. S. Navigation Company between New York and Amsterdam, Holland. The death of a brother, T. V. Toney, midshipman and officer U. S. Navy, took him to Illinois, where his father. Dr. E. C. Toney, lives, where he remained in practice with his father and served in the capacity of surgeon for the O. and M. R. R. at Trenton, Illinois, Was also a member of the Clinton County Medi- cal Society, the Illinois State Medical Association and the American Public Health Association ; was a member of the examining board of the Clinton County Medical Society, and in July, 1885, was appointed by Commissioner J. D. 11 98 C. Atkins, commissioner of Indian afiairs, as "Agency Physician" on the Quimaielt U. S. Indian Agency, Chehalis county, Washington. Practised in Omaha till July 25, 1888, when he was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., and was ordered to Los Angeles, California (S. O. No. 91, A. G. O.), after which he was ordered to Fort Lowell, Arizona territory. His residence is in Omaha, Nebraska, and his present address, Fort Grant, Arizona territory. Heney E. Tuknek. Dr. Henry E, Turner was born in Warwick, Rhode Island, June 16, 1816. He was educated at the schools of Newport and Portsmouth, and graduated M.D. at the University of Pennsylvania. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon in November, 1862. He was stationed at Fort Adams, Newport Harbor. He has contributed many valuable papers to medical and scientific literature and also to history. His standing as an anatomist is ex- ceptionally high. He is the oldest of the Newport physi- cians and is one of the most respected in the state. He is city physician and one of the attending physicians in New- port Hospital ; one of the medical examiners of the district ; president of the State Board of Health ; and a prominent officer of the Society of the Cincinnati. His present residence and address is 10 School street, Newport, R. I. Samuel Simpson Turner. Samuel Simpson Turner, M.D., was born in De Kalb Co., Ga., Aug. 12, 1833, and graduated at the Medical 99 Department, University of Georgetown, D. C, March, 1863. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon, April 15, 1876, and left the service August, 1878, but reentered October, 1880. He has served at the following places : post surgeon, Fort Randall, Dakota, from date of appoint- ment to May, 1877; in the field from Fort Buford, Da- kota, from May, 1872 to May, 1878, under Miles; in the field from Fort Keogh, Montana, from Nov. 1, 1880 to Dec. 15, 1880; transferred to Fort Buford, June, 1881 ; in the field July 1 to Dec. 12, 1882 ; post surgeon at Camp Poplow river, Montana, detached three months in 1883 ; in the field July 1 to Oct. 1, 1887 ; transferred to Fort Keogh, Montana, August, 1888. Among his literary works are the following : Extensive fracture of temporal region without external evidence of injury, 1875 ; A case of poisoning by strychnine treated by chloral — recovery, 1872 ; Accidental discovery of the styptic virtues of hot water, 1876. He has held the following positions in civil life : physi- cian to Grand River Indian Agency, Oct. 24, 1869 to April 15, 1876; county physician, Yankton county, Da- kota, 1879-80 ; member of board of health, city of Yank- ton, Dakota, 1880 ; attached to civil service in Washing- ton, D. C, 1860-1869. His present address is Fort Keogh, Montana. In a letter from Dr. Turner he states as follows : What I tried to do at the first session of the present Congress was to get a bill through providing for A. A. Surgeons : 1. The pay and allowances of 2nd Lieut. , mounted. 2. Equality with comiuissioned surgeons in regard to retirement after certain length of service. 3. Commissions on stated conditions for those now in service who served in the late war, or had served not less than ten years on the frontier, etc. The secretary of war and surgeon general " sat down" on the bill, but finally consented to a bill giving the increase of pay, and forage for a horse actually kept. But Congress was so busy mak- ing and unmaking presidents that we could do nothing. The fight is still on, and will be till we die or get something. 100 There lias for about ten years past, or less, been a steady tendency towards our degradation by the corps and "the powers that be." First, our pay was reduced from §1,500 to $1,200. Then it was decided we were not entitled to mileage because we are not "officers" in the con- templation of law, though our contracts especially stipulate that we shaU receive the same mileage and commutation for quarters as assist- ant surgeons. When I entered the army from the Indian service, we greatly outnumbered the commissioned surgeons on the frontier ; we did nearly all the hard field service, the sight of a commissioned sur- geon in the field being rare, except as director in some large expedi- tion. Then after a generation of war with the Sioux and other tribes, the brunt of which was borne by the A. A. surgeons, and just after we had corralled the last of the hostUes at Fort Buford, in 1881, and shipped them to Fort Randall as prisoners of war, the most laughable absurd incident of the whole service occurred. The War Department issued an order requiring that in future operation against hostile In- dians, the commissioned surgeons should take the field wherever practicable, leaving the acting assistants in temporary charge of posts. It is a common tiling now to send young men out fresh from the Board, without ever having handled a case of any kind, and put them over the destinies of small garrisons, while old experienced A. A. sur- geons are retained as assistants at large posts. And now, although I am fit to be left in charge of this large post and of Fort Buford for months at a time, I am not fit to examine a candidate for hospital steward, and if I happen to be post surgeon, he must be sent to some other post for examination. I am good enough to take care of this post for §100 a month, while my superior, on the pay of §230, devotes his afternoons to private practice in the adjoining village, but I can't examine a candidate for steward. After serving my country nearly continuously for twenty-nine years from this very date, I cannot, with my princely pay, get a leave of absence on pay, while commis- sioned surgeons, on from two to three times the pay, get a month an- nually on full pay, which may accumulate for four years, when he can take four mouths on full pay, and as much more on half pay as he wants, generally. From hundreds we have been reduced to forty or fifty, mostly old or middle-aged men, who have served from a dozen to forty years, and who may be regarded as helpless as regards any other, mode of life. A few young men have entered comparatively recently, aspirants for commissions, I supposes, taking a survey of the field be- forehand. What we shaU try for next is the increased pay, with longevity pay as given to commissioned officers, relative rank of 1st lieutenant, with an the privileges and allowances of the actual rank, with uni- forms, etc. Nothing is likely to be done at the present session, in which case we propose to begin at the beginning of the next Congress. 101 Allan Kutherford, of Washington, is our attorney, and I am the "spokesman" for the A. A. surgeons. Very respectfully, S. S. Turner. James Wilkinson Yandeevoet. Dr. James Wilkinson Vandervort was born in Harveys- burgh, Ohio. He graduated at Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1869, and at Medical College of Ohio in 1863. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., January 27, 1865. He served at Indianapolis, Indiana, as assistant surgeon, 16th O. V. and in the Department of Gulf. His services terminated April 27, 1865. He has since been at Interne City Hospital, Cincinnati, O. His present residence and address is Harveysburgh, Ohio. John S. Warren. Dr. John 8. Warren was born in Middleton, New Hampshire, July 4, 1841. He graduated at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1866. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., October 17, 1864. He served at Pine Bluff, Tennessee ; Post Hospital colored troops, Paducah, Kentucky ; Post Hospital, City Point, Georgia. His titles of contributions to medical literature are as follows : Twenty-one cases of intussusception successfully healed by fluid injections, New York Journal, May, 1875 ; Dyspoenia ; causes and treatment of dysuria in females ; Mystero and neurosis of the stomach in pregnancy. 102 His services terminated May 21, 1865. He has since been physician at New York Hospital for Ruptured and Crippled, 1867 till 1870; physician to Northwestern Dis- pensary, 1867 to 1872 ; physician to Demilt Dispensary Department, diseases of women, 1876-1881 ; visiting physician to work house and almshouse hospital, Black- well's Island, New York, 1878 to 1879 ; member of New York Obstetric Society ; New York Academy Medicine, New York ; State Medical Society ; New York Physical Mutual Aid ; Medical Society of the county of New York, at present treasurer. His present residence and address is 204 West 38th street, New York City, N. Y. Samuel T. Weikicks. Samuel T. Weiricks, M.D., was born June 3, 1843, at Potter's Mills, Pa., and graduated at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, March, 1865. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon, Sept. 26, 1865, and is still in the service, having served in the following places: No. 5, Johnson's Island, Ohio ; Macon, Savannah, Atlanta, War- renton and Augusta, Georgia; Charleston, Summerville and Aiken, South Carolina ; Fort Macon, North Carolina ; ' Humboldt and Nashville, Tennessee ; Lancaster, Ken- tucky ; Forts Bennett, Yates and Lincoln, Dakota ; in field during several Indian campaigns ; Forts Apache, Thomas, McDowell, Huachucaand Mojave, Arizona ; in field during Geronimo campaign ; Fort Union, New Mexico. His present address is Fort Mojave, Arizona. 103 Thomas Washington Wise. Thomas Washington Wise, M.D., was born Feb. 22, 1846, at Washington, D. C, and graduated March 6, 1866, at Georgetown University. He was appointed acting as- sistant surgeon, July 1, 1874, and has served in the Li- brary, Surgeon General's oflSce. His present address is 1316 A street, N.W., Washing- ton, D. C. Joseph A. Wolf. Joseph A. Wolf, M.D., was born May 10, 1822, at East Berlin, Adams Co., Pa., and graduated March, 1849, at Philadelphia. He was appointed acting assistant surgeon July 19, 1871, and has been continuously in ser- vice since that time. He served from Nov. 27, 1861 to July 26, 1865, in late waras surgeon 29 Regt. Penn. Vols, and at the following stations in Texas : Forts Richardson, McKavett, Clark, Mouth of Pecos, Camp near Presidio del Norte, Hancock and Brown. The first ten years of this service was largely spent in the field scouting in west- ern Texas, the Staked Plains and across the Rio Grande with Lt. Bullis. He has been medical examiner on Board of Pensions, Baltimore, Md. His present address is Fort Brown, Texas. H. C. Yarrow. H. O. Yarrow, M.D., now acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., on duty in the office of the attending surgeon 104 U. S. A., Washington, D. C, graduated at the age of twenty at the University of Pennsylvania, March 15, 1861, and within a few weeks was selected by the surgeon gen- eral of Pennsylvania to assist in the medical examination of the Penn. Eeserves. This duty completed, in July he was appointed assistant surgeon of the Cameron Dragoons (5th Penn. Cavalry) and was mustered in July 18, 1861. He served with his regiment in Virginia until January, 1862, during most of the time being its only medical offi- cer and resigned to accept at the solicitation of Surgeon John Neill, U. S. Vols., in charge of the military hospi- tals in Philadelphia, the position of acting assistant sur- geon U. S. A., and executive officer of the Broad and Cherry Streets Hospital which he assisted in organizing. While on duty in this hospital he volunteered to go south, at a time when it was thought Fort Sumter would fall, and the services of additional surgeons be needed. Eeturning from this duty he remained at the Broad and Cherry streets hospital until the close of the war, for a brief period being the surgeon in charge, and then retired to private life, but in 1866 he was again appointed an act- ing assistant surgeon and ordered to Atlanta, Ga., at which post he served through a severe epidemic of chol- era, which disease was prevented from spreading to the citizens of Atlanta by the strict quarantine maintained. While here he volunteered to proceed to Tybee Island, Georgia, to attend the troops sick with cholera at that point. Having suffered with the cholera himself, and his health having become impaired, he was ordered to New York City, the duty assigned him being the examination of recruits and accompanying them to their regiments in the south. In the intervals of the journeys, he was per- mitted to reside at Fort Wood, New York Harbor, where he acted as assistant to the post surgeon, and cholera hav- ing become epidemic at the post, he voluntarily remained, 105 and for this service was officially thanked by the post sur- geon in his report, and received the verbal thanks of Surg. Gen. Barnes. After this he served at Fort McHenry, Baltimore, Md. ; Fort Macon, N. C, and Charlotte, N. C, being relieved from the latter post to be assigned at the recommendation of Prof. S. B. Baird of the Smithsonian Institution in 1872, as surgeon and naturalist to the expedition for explora- tions west of the 100th meridian under Lieut. G. M. Wheeler, Corps of Engineers U. S. A. He remained on this duty until the centennial year, and was then detailed as assistant to Surgeon J. J. Woodward, U. S. A., in charge of the model military hospital at Philadelphia, which establishment he organized and in which he remained on duty until the close of the centennial exhibition. Upon the completion of this duty he was ordered to the surgeon general's office, and detailed in the section of comparative anatomy at the Army Medical Museum, and in addition to this duty he was ordered to report to Surgeon D. S. Hunt- ington, U. S. A., in charge of the Barnes' Hospital, Sol- diers' Home, whenever his services were needed. In 1879 he was ordered to report to Surgeon J. S. Bil- lings, U. S. A., in charge of the library of the surgeon general's office, his duty consisting in preparing manu- script for, and reading the proof of the index catalogue of that library. He continued on this duty until 1888, a period of nearly nine years, when he was obliged to ask for sick leave, partial paralysis of the ciliary muscles of the eyes having supervened as a result of the long con- tinued strain due to the proof-reading. It should be stated that in May, 1888, he was temporarily relieved from duty in the library and ordered to assist the attending surgeon, U. S. A., in the medical care of the late General Sheri- dan, with whom he constantly remained until within a few days of his decease. 106 Finding he was incapacitated for further work in the library, in October, 1888, the surgeon general assigned him to duty as assistant to the attending surgeon U. S. A., in whose office he still remains. In October, 1889, at the request of Secretary Blaine, he was detailed to ac- company the Pan-American delegates on their journey through the United States and he remained as the medical officer of the Congress until its adjournment. For this he has been officially thanked by Mr. Blaine. During the many years of service he has embraced every opportunity offered for scientific work and research and has prepared and published a number of papers on an- thropology and natural history. He acted as assistant in the U. S. Fish Commission for some years and had charge of one of the departments of the U. S. National Museum, the additional labor having been performed without inter- ference with his strictly military duty. He has been able to contribute largely to the Army Medical Museum and during two summer vacations he led expeditions through the west to obtain needed specimens ; and he has also con- tributed from his own library a number of works which were not possessed by the surgeon general's office. LETTERS FROM OFFICERS OF U. S. A. The letters received from officers of the army favoring the objects of this association are many and cordial, and to illustrate the general tone of encouragement and sym- pathy, these from Generals Schofield, Crook, Ruger, Merritt and Stanley are good examples. Indeed, almost all the older officers of the service who served through the war of the Rebellion and on the frontier in the Indian wars, are outspoken in their friendly interest, and we think we can reasonably infer that the junior officers are also friendly : "I fully approve of the proposition to place acting as- sistant surgeons upon the same footing as second lieuten- ants in the army, in respect to pay, emoluments, quarters, and retirement on account of wounds or disability con- tracted in the line of duty. But I cannot approve of the proposition to create the grade of 'additional assistant surgeon' not in the line of promotion. Maj. Gen. Schofield." "With the general principle of the proposed legislation I am most heartily in accord. The class affected by it is one which has, during the war of the Rebellion and on the frontier since the war, rendered most valuable service, and without adequate compensation. They have accom- panied the troops in the field and shared in their hardships and dangers, without hope of promotion or other reward than their meagre salaries. The pay provided for in this (107) 108 bill IS no more than just. The provisions for retirement for disability contracted in the line of duty has my entire approval, and the legislation proposed for acting assistant surgeons of long and faithful service would give to a wor- thy class of men a reward which, in my opinion, they have fully earned. Brig. Gen. Cook." "Whilst I should like to see something done to place in a suitable position acting assistant surgeons who have performed service for many years with troops on the fron- tier, and particularly if also during the war, I do not feel like departing from the course I have heretofore adhered to, of not writing letters of a semi-official nature, for use before Congress in aid of propositions for legislation af- fecting the army, I shall be glad to do what I may con- sistently, with the condition that the opinion volunteered shall go through superior military authority. Brig. Gen. Euger." "I am decidedly of the opinion that the pay and allow- ances of the acting assistant surgeons in the army be in- creased. I consider them among the junior officers of the army. I have always found them more than worthy of their hire, and would be glad to see their positions im- proved. Brig. Gen. Merritt." "I have examined the enclosed draft of bill for the ben- efit of acting assistant surgeons, and think it just and wise in its provisions. The acting assistant surgeons of the army are a deserving class of professional men who have done hard and useful service in every military department in the United States, but mainly in the Indian^ country and the extreme West. The date of entry into service of quite a number of these acting assistant surgeons is as far back as the commencement of the civil war in 1861. 109 These men deserve well of their country, and I hope Con- 3. Brig. Gen. Stanley." gress will recognize their deserts. EXTRACT FROM A LETTER FROM MRS. GEN. CUSTER. Could my husband speak he would bear enthusiastic testimony to the devotion and patriotism of acting as- sistant surgeons ; we were both so indebted to them and we had so many opportunities to know with what pa- tience they endured privations and with what fidelity they fulfilled their duty. Very truly yours, (Signed) Elizabeth B. Custer. extract from a letter from general sherman. New York, Oct. 18, 1888. You and all your professional comrades know well my high estimate for your valuable services during the late con- flict. No words now could add to what I have on many occasions uttered in this connection. ********* Reciprocating your friendly and cordial wishes, I am very sincerely yours, (Signed) W. T. Sherman, General. ASSOCIATION OF ACTING ASSISTANT SURGEONS OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY. {From the College and Clinical Becord, Phila., Pa.) A long delayed but just recognition of personal sacri- fices and brave deeds is at this time in process of fruition in the establishment of an association composed wholly of men who, performing the full duties of regular medi- cal officers, and sharing with others all the dangers of campaigns, have never been recorded appreciation as they were fairly entitled to receive. THE PROPOSED ACT. At a meeting of the association held in Newport, E. L, June 24, 1889, it was voted to petition the military com- mittee of Congress and to present the following for early attention. It was m*ged that every acting assistant sur- geon should seek the aid of members of Congress from his district and bring all the influence in his power to bear, to bring the matter to a successful termination : An Act for the Relief of Acting Assistant Surgeons of the Army. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, in Congress assembled: Section 1. That on and after the passage of this act, the acting assistant surgeons of the U. S. A., now in the service, shall be commissioned as assistant surgeons with the rank and pay of second lieutenants mounted, not to be in the line of promotion, and in computing the increase for length of service, all service rendered prior to the passage of this act shall be included. He shall be entitled to forage for one horse actually kept, and to the quarters and commutation for quarters now provided by contract, but his quarters shall be permanently assigned by the post commander during his service at the post. Sec. 2. All laws and regulations which apply to the retirement of surgeons and assistant surgeons of the army from active service, are hereby extended to include act- ing assistant surgeons. Provided, That no acting assist- ant surgeon hereafter appointed shall be retired for age whose aggregate service has been less than twenty years. (110) OBJECT AND EEQUIREMENTS OF THE A.A.A.S. THE HARD LOT OF THE ACTING ASSISTANT SURGEONS. {From the New York Medical Becord, Nov. 2, 1889.) The Association of Acting Assistant Surgeons of the U. S. A., which was formed about a year ago, has, as one of its main objects, the bettering of the position of those who are now serving the government in that capacity. The first step, of course, toward righting a wrong, is to make the wrong known, and we think many of our readers will be astonished to learn what the duties are of the acting assistant surgeon in our army, and how his services are requited by the United States government. It is safe to say that one would have to look far before finding a more poorly-paid body of professional men than the fifty "con- tract surgeons" at present in the employ of the government. Let us see for a moment what is required of the acting assistant surgeon, and we shall then be in a position to judge whether the pay and honor that he receives are a suf- ficient recompense for his labors. We are indebted to Dr. W. Thornton Parker of Manchester-by-the-Sea, Mass., recorder of the Association, for much information on this subject. The requirements for admission to this branch of the service, if such it can be called, are sufficiently stringent to prevent any but competent physicians from obtaining an appointment. One must first apply to the surgeon general for an invitation to appear before a med- ical examining board. This request must be in the ap- plicant's own handwriting, must contain a statement of (111) 112 his age and birthplace, and must be accompanied by tes- timonials as to his moral character. Next, the physical qualifications of the candidate and his fitness to undergo any probable hardships of field service or exposure in any climate or at any season of the year must be rigidly tested by the board, and a favorable report will not be made in any case in which this is doubtful. The oral examination is in the branches taught iu the common schools, and the candidate must satisfy the board that he has a good knowl- edge of orthography, grammar, and the fundamental rules of arithmetic, including operations with fractions, and that he has a fair acquaintance with geography and history of the United States. His examination will not be continued further if he be found deficient in these branches. There is, further, an oral examination in anatomy, surgery, prac- tice of medicine, obstetrics and diseases of women and children, therapeutics, including tests and antidotes for poisons, and the writing and compounding of extempora- neous prescriptions. One question each upon anatomy, surgery, practice of medicine, and obstetrics will also be given to the candidate in writing, and his written answers to the same are preserved as apart of his record and trans- mitted to the surgeon general's office. Appointments are made from among the successful candidates according to their standing in this examination. After their ap- pointment the acting assistant surgeons have the same duties to perform as those with commissions who enjoy the rank and pay of first lieutenants, captains, and majors, but their standing and their position in the army are very difierent. Their pay is about one hundred dollars per month, and their rank is — nothing. In one respect they are worse ofi" than the humblest employe of the govern- ment, for they are not subject to the civil service rules, and are liable to dismissal at any time, without cause. A clerk in one of the departments at Washington is al- 113 lowed a certain vacation every year, but an acting as- sistant surgeon in the army is paid only for actual service rendered. If he is incapacitated for work by sickness, contracted, it may be, in the discharge of his duty, his pay stops. Or if he feels the need of a brief rest, after sev- eral years of continuous service he must take it at his own expense, and at the sacrifice of his salary for the entire pe- riod. But even this is not all. No matter how long he may have served his country, his pay remains the same, and finally, when bowed down by age and long service, he finds himself obliged to give up work, he is let go with- out so much as "I thank you," and must henceforth shift for himself as best he can. And beyond and above all this material hardship, these men — cultured professional gen- tlemen — are forced to submit to any indignities against which a self-respecting mechanic would rebel. But on this point we cannot dwell now, and will briefly consider the means by which it is hoped to ameliorate the lot of the contract surgeon. The demands of the association can certainly not be regarded as extravagant or unreasonable. As announced in a recently issued circular, it is proposed to present a petition signed by the acting assistant surgeons and en- dorsed by assistant surgeons and others who may favor the same, to the military committee of the next Congress, praying that acting assistant surgeons of the army (now serving) many of whom have served long and faithfully, performing all the professional duties of commissioned surgeons, and many of whom are past the age permitting them to apply for examination for commissions as first lieutenants on the medical corps, be commissioned assist- ant surgeons with rank of second lieutenant of cavalry not to be in the line of promotion — the pay (that of second lieutenant) not to be increased, and to be allowed forage for one horse ; that at the expiration of the regular full 12 114 term of service, or on account of disability, they be placed on the retired list of the army. We have only one criticism to offer in regard to this proposed petition, and that is the association is far too mod- est in its request to Congress. The rank and pay of a first lieutenant would be none too much to ask for, and would probably be not much more difficult to obtain. The proposed petition is regarded with favor by many ot the older officers of the army, and we hope that the sur- geon general, whose endorsement would naturally carry much weight, will also, at the proper time, unite his in- fluence with that of others who are endeavoring to ob- tain this measure of Justice for a most deserving body of physicians. 115 The Acting Assistant Surgeon of the United States Army in the War of the Rebellion. {Dr. Nagle in New Yorlc 3Iedical Eecord, Feb. 1, 1890.) The agitation which has taken place, for a couple of years past, to fix the status of the acting assistant surgeon of the United States Army, now serving, and give him the rank, pay, etc., of second lieutenant of cavalry, should be persevered in, as I feel quite sure that, if Congress could be made to understand his true position and the arduous duties he performs, that it would concede the modest re- quest he makes. The "Medical Record" has from time to time informed its readers of the almost humiliating po- sition in which the acting assistant surgeon is now placed. Some of them, I am informed, held medical commissions of high rank during the late war, and ought to deserve well of their country and receive the sympathy of every lover of justice. I sincerely wish them success in their movement. The position of the acting assistant surgeon of the United States Army of the present day is pretty well un- derstood by the medical profession, particularly that por- tion of it that is interested in military affairs ; and as very little has been said of the actino; assistant surgeon of the army during the late war, I think the following brief ac- count may be of interest. The mp.dical staff of the United States army. — The " Medical History of the War of the Rebellion," part iii, surgical volume, page 899, informs us that, at the out- break of the rebellion, the medical department of the United States army was composed of one surgeon-gen- eral with the rank of colonel, thirty surgeons with the rank of major, and eighty-four assistant surgeons with 116 the rank of first lieutenant for the first five years of ser- vice ; that these medical oflacers formed a portion of the general staff of the army, and were not permanently at- tached to any regiment or command, but were subject to dut}^ wherever their services were needed ; that at the beginning of hostilities, in 1861, large forces of state troops, or militia, responded to the several i)roclamations of the President calling for aid in suppressing the rebel- lion, and that each regiment was provided with a surgeon and an assistant surgeon, commissioned by the states in which the troops had been enlisted. These officers were borne on the muster-rolls, and permanently attached to the reofimental organizations, beinof seldom detached ex- es C ' o cept for urgent reasons. The calling out of a force of five hundred thousand volunteers, on July 22, 1861, ne- cessitated an increased medical force to care for the wounded and disabled soldiers, and an act to re-organize and increase the efficiency of the medical department of the army was approved April 16, 1862. The organiza- tion of the regular staff was increased so as to number one surgeon-general, one assistant surgeon-general, one med- ical inspector-general, sixteen medical inspectors, and 170 surgeons and assistant surgeons ; there were appointed 547 surgeons and assistant surgecms of volunteers ; there were mustered into the service, between April, 1861, and the close of the war, 2,109 regimental surgeons, and 3,882 regimental assistant surgeons. During the same period there were emploj'ed 85 acting staff surgeons, and 5,532 acting assistant surgeons. The regular army commissioned medical officers, the surgeons and assistant surgeons of United States volun- teers, and the acting assistant surgeons of the United States army were not attached to any regiment or com- mand, but were subject to dut}'' wherever their services were needed, while the regimental surgeons and assistant surgeons were rarely detached from their regiments. 117 The laws of the United States prescribed the age of an applicant for the position of assistant surgeon to be from twenty-one to twenty- eight years, and no person who was under twenty-one or over twenty-eight years could receive an appointment as an assistant surgeon in the United States Army. The regimental medical officers and the acting assistant surgeons were not limited to this age, but were required to be physically sound on entering the ser- vice. The acting assistant surgeon, how a'ppointed. — The acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., or contract surgeon, in order to be appointed as such, had to make application to be examined for the position in the manner described in the following circular, issued by Joseph K. Barnes, who was acting surgeon-general of the United States Army, viz. : "Information for applicants for the position of contract surgeon in the United States army. "1. All candidates must make application in their own handwriting (accompanied by sufficient evidence of good moral character, of physical ability, and of being grad- uates of some regular medical college) , to the surgeon- general at Washington, assistant surgeon-general at Louis- ville, or a medical director of a department. "2. Upon the receipt of such application, a permit will be given for examination before the nearest medical board then in session, or before a board convened temporarily for that purpose by a medical director. "3. If reported favorably by the board, the candidate will receive a certificate to that effect, which will secure him the position of contract surgeon whenever his services may be needed. "4. In accepting a contract, the physician binds himself to serve the United States for a stated period, unless 118 sooner discharged, and to be subject, in all respects, to the same control as all other medical officers." Requirements and duties of the contract surgeon. — The successful candidate is required to subscribe to a printed form of oath, which is administered to him, and he is now officially designated as acting assistant surgeon U. S. A. The duties of the acting assistant surgeon were similar to those of assistant surgeons and surgeons of the medical staff of the army. He wore the uniform and insignia of rank of assistant surgeon, and Avas allowed the same amount of pension that was given to a first lieutenant of the military or marine corps. He was assigned to com- mands, in the field and elsewhere, which were without medical officers. Many were assigned to the charge of United States general hospitals, where the responsibility was very great, and the executive officers of a very large number of the United States general hospitals were acting assistant surgeons. Nearly all the United States hospitals for the care of the soldiers who suffered from small-pox, and other con- tagious and infectious diseases, were in charge of acting assistant surgeons of the United States army. The fol- lowing account of one of them, which was furnished by Dr. J. V. Patterson, of 104 West Penn Street, German- town, Pa., who was an acting assistant surgeon, United States army, in charge of the United States Hospital, near Philadelphia, is interesting and amusing. Dr. Pat- terson states that he was assigned to duty as acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., on August 21, 1862, and after serving two months, he states that it was determined to open a hospital for small-pox and other contagious diseases. Several regular army surgeons refused to have anything to do with it, and the medical director of the department requested him to open and organize such a 119 hospital, which he did on October 7, 1862, and he re- mained surgeon in charge until August, 1865, when he closed up the hospital. He not only acted as physician, but he was obliged to serve as clerk, paymaster, etc. On account of small-pox patients, everyone fought shy of the hospital. The pa^anaster refused to come to the hospital, and he, Dr. Patterson, was obliged to make out the pay-rolls, and take them to the paymaster in the city of Philadelphia, and the paymaster, after eying them suspiciously, would draw his check for the amount. Of the officers sent from Washington to make an official in- spection of the hospitals, there never was but one man who had the courage to enter the wards, examine the bed- ding, and make a thorough inspection. At the close of his. term of service he had the satisfaction of beins; com- plimented by the medical director with the remark, that he had given him the least trouble of any surgeon in the department, and the hospital fund had been so well managed that, on two occasions, he had drawn from its surplus to help to pay the debts of other hospitals. On page 902 of the "Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion," part iii, paragraph 5, the following appears : "As soon as possible after every engagement, the wounded were transferred from the division or corps hos- pitals to the base or general hospitals, which at one time numbered 205 ; these were under the charge and command of the regular or volunteer staif, assisted by acting assist- ant surgeons, medical cadets, and officers of the second battalion of the veteran reserve corps." This statement is not altogether accurate, as there were several United States general hospitals under the charge and command of acting assistant surgeons of the United States army. The hospital railway transportation service was generally placed under the charge of acting assistant surgeons. 120 Act. Asst. Surg. J. P. Barnuni fitted up the ambulance or hospital train for the transportation of the sick and wounded between Louisville and Nashville, a distance of one hundred and eighty-five miles. "Surg. George E. Cooper, U. S. A., Medical Director of Gen. George H. Thomas's Army of the Cumberland, reported that when he arrived in the department he found a train, fitted up by Dr. Barnum, already in operation on the line, one train, at least, leaving the vicinity of the field hospitals daily. The trains were prepared under Dr. Barnum's direction, and Dr. Barnum states that he con- veyed twenty thousand four hundred and seventy-two sick and wounded soldiers from the battle-fields, general hospitals, etc., with a loss of but one man, who, despite the advice of his surgeons, implored that he might be taken to die in the bosom of his family. Dr. F. L. Town, U. S. A., in a report to Asst. Surg. Gen. K. C. Wood, remarks that Act. Asst. Surg. J. P. Barnum had charge of the first hospital train built at Nashville, and that he studiously labored to improve and system- atize its working, and devised many expedients look- ing to the comfort of the patients in days when the the- ory of hospital trains was not so well understood as now" (see pp. 962-3, "Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion," part iii, Surgical Volume). Dr. Barnum states that he was with Gen. W. S. Rose- crans' advance column, and participated in the battle of Chickamauga, and organized the Main Street Hospital in Chattanooga, on Sunday after the battle. This hospital he turned over to Brig. Surg. J. P. Arter, and took charge of the ambulances, which conveyed two thousand men from Bridgeport to Nashville. Dr. Barnum was afterward placed in charge of the river transportation of sick and wounded soldiers, having direct control of the steamer Mercury, where he not only acted as surgeon-in- 121 charge, but also as post commandant, commissary, quar- ter master, paymaster, and had authority to sign the name of E. C. Wood, assistant surgeon-general, by order of the Secretary of War; a power granted, he believes, to no other official of any rank in the department. Act. Asst. Surg. Solomon A. Andrews was in charge of the ambulance or hospital train between Washington, Baltimore and Philadelphia. The acting assistant surgeon of the United States army was subject to do duty wherever his services were most needed, in accordance with the United States army regu- lations, and he was liable to be changed from one post to another at the will of his superior officers. There were many very eminent physicians and surgeons in this branch of the medical service of the army, as the following extract from the "Medical and Surgical History of the War," Surgical Volume, part in, page 901, en- titled the Medical Staff, and prepared under the direction of General Joseph K. Barnes, surgeon-general, United States Army, will show : "Besides the medical officers of the regular and volun- teer staff, and the medical officers of regiments, there was a class designated as acting assistant surgeons, w4io were private physicians, uncommissioned, serving under con- tract to do duty in tha field or in general hospitals. This class was very large, and embraced in its number some of the most eminent surgeons and physicians in the country." The acting assistant surgeon ought to be proud of the compliment paid him, as it was the only branch of the medical staff of the army that was singled out and received special mention on account of the eminence of some of the physicians and surgeons that were attached to his corps. The tribute, however, was well deserved. Professors in medical colleges, editors of standard medical works, and other physicians and surgeons of eminence, abandoned the 122 comforts of home and sacrificed lucrative practices to share the dangers and discomforts incidental to camp life, be- cause their country needed their services, and their pa- triotism and sense of duty to their countr}^ and the sick and wounded soldiers who suffered in its defence needed the most eminent medical and surgical care that the coun- try could give. Several of the acting assistant surgeons served nearly during the entire war, and the "Medical and Surgical His- tory of the War" shows that they performed their duty with zeal and fidelity, and that they never shirked any duty or responsibility imposed on them. The following record of military' history will show the form furnished to an applicant, who served in the late war, for a copy of his history, viz. : Military history of Charles H. Bowen, M.D., as shown by the records of the surgeon-general's office. October 7, 1861, was appointed medical cadet U. S. A., and assigned to duty at the Infirmary, Washington, D. C. December 31, 1861, was transferred to Circle Hos- pital. January 4, 1862, ordered to report to Surgeon Cooper, at Port Royal, S. C. January 9, 1862, order re- scinded, and was reassigned to duty at Circle Hospital. September 15, 1862, reports from Armory Square that his time is about to expire. October 8, 1862, entered into contract with the surgeon-general U. S. A., for duty as acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., and was assigned to duty at Armory Square Hospital, Washington, D. C. November 24, 1862, was on leave of absence for six days. December 13, 1862, ordered to report to medical direc- tor's office, Washington, D. C, for temporary duty with the army of the Potomac. Returned December, 1862, to Armory Square Hospital for duty. April 19, 1863, con- tract annulled, and a new one made at an increased com- pensation . Remained on duty at Armory Square Hospital 123 to November 11, 1863, when oixlered to report to Snrg. J. C. McKee, U. S. A., at U. S. General Hospital, Pitts- burg, Pa. ; was on duty at General Hospital, Pa., to Feb- ruary 20, 1864, when his contract was annulled at his own request. Under contract April 8, 1864, was on duty at Chicago, 111., to April 25, 1864, when contract termina- ted. Under contract dated May 10, 1864, was on duty at Armory Square Hospital, Washington, D. C, Fort Simmons and Mansfield and Lincohi and Armory Square General Hospitals, and U. S. engineer brigade, D. C, and at Slough General Hospital, Alexandria, Va., to Novem- ber 11, 1865, when his contract was annulled at his re- quest. Official : C. H. Crane, Assistant Surgeon- General, U. S. A. Surgeon-General's Office, December 4, 1880. The "Medical History" further says: "Of the amount of labor performed by the medical staff during the war some idea may be obtained when it is stated that 5,825,480 cases of wounds and disease occurred among the white troops, and 629,354 cases among the colored troops. The total expenditure of the medical department to the close of each fiscal year, from June 30, 1861 to 1866, inclusive was $47,351,982.24 (exclusive of salaries of the commis- sioned officers) for the benefit of the sick and wounded soldiers of the nation." The report says : "It is a matter of just pride that it can be said that the medical disburs- ing officers performed their duties faithfully and honestly, and that the immense quantities of medical supplies dis- tributed all over the country were, almost without excep- tion, properly accounted for." To the fidelity and efficiency of this vast body of pro- fessional men, the surgeon-general, in his annual report 124 of 1865, bears the following well-deserved tribute : "I de- sire to bear testimony to the ability, courage, and zeal manifested throughout the war by the officers of the med- ical department, under all circumstances and upon all oc- casions. With hardly an exception, they have been ac- tuated by the highest motives of national and professional pride, and the number who have been killed or wounded bears honorable testimony to their devotion and duty on the field of battle." Extraneous duty of an acting assistant surgeon. — Occa- sionally acting assistant surgeons were called to perform unexpected duties ; for instance : At the battle of Kerns- town, near Winchester, in the Shenandoah Valley, which took place in July, 1864, the Second Battalion, which con- sisted of the Reserve Brigade and Third Division of Cav- alry, which left camp Stoneman, July 5, 1864, was com- manded by Col. Samuel B. M. Young, who is now major of the third United States Cavalry and Brevet Brigadier General, United States Volunteers. Colonel Young was a gallant and brave officer, was wounded and disabled while gallantly leading his men, and had to be removed hurriedly in an ambulance from the field, on account of the vigorous onslaught of the enemy. The fire be- came so hot that the men were driven back in confusion, the balance of the officers hurriedly left the field, and left the men to take care of themselves. Dr. John T. Nagle, who was an actinoj assistant surgeon in charo:e of this com- maud, then took charge, rallied the men, and on the re- treats spiked some abandoned guns, had the wheels removed from the gun carriages and caissons, and burned them with a number of baggage wagons to prevent them from falling into the hands of the enemy, and brought the men from the field in good order. The particulars of this en- gagement appeared in the "Army and Navy Journal" of 125 June 22, 1889, headed "Battle of Kernstown," and in the New York "Mail and Express," February 2, 1889, headed "Mulligan and his men." The particulars are also filed with the records of the command in the war department adjutant-general's ofBce, and also in the surgeon-general's office with the record of the services of John T. Nagle, late actin^ assistant surgeon U. S. A. The fault of the acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., not having been legally mustered was not his ; he wore the uniform of first lieutenant and believed that eveiy one wearing the uniform was mustered, and so did every other person with whom he came in contact ; he was sworn into the service, and he is now confronted with the statement that he is not discharged because he never was legally mustered. Without finding fault with the apparent in- justice done him, and without entering into any contro- versy on the subject, he simply asks to have his services recognized and his position acknowledged, so that he can profit by any benefits that might be attached to an "hon- orable discharge." Incomplete and inaccurate record of the history of the war of the rebellion. — The history of the war of the re- bellion will be incomplete if the services of the acting as- sistant surgeons are not recognized with the commands they served with ; and the omission of the services from the adjutant-general's office of the 5,532 acting assistant surgeons of the U. S. A. who served in the field, in charge of the railway hospital service, and in the United States general hospitals, is such an injustice to the medi- cal officers mentioned, as well as to the American people, who are interested in the compilation of a true history of the war of the rebellion, that if for no other reason than to show that the soldiers received proper medical attend- 126 ance, the bill recognizing their services ought to pass. The bill will in no way entail any expense to the United States government, and will be a tardy recognition of the sei'vices and sacrifices that these eminent and hard-worked surgeons performed for their country during its hour of trial. The bill is as follows : FIFTY-FIRST CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION, S. 1096. In the Senate of the United States, December 11, 1889, Mr. Manderson introduced the following bill which was read twice and referred to the committee on military af- fairs : A bill to fix the status of the acting assistant surgeons of the U. S. A., or contract surgeons, who served in the war of the rebellion : Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- tives of the United States of America in Congress assem- bled. That all acting assistant surgeons of the United States Army, or contract surgeons who served in the war of the rebellion, and whose services were honorably ter- minated, be commissioned as acting assistant surgeons of the United States Army, the date of contract to be the date of commission and muster into the service, and the date when the service was honorably terminated, or the contract annulled, to be the date of discharge or muster out of the service : Provided, That any expense attend- ins: the issuance of a commission as acting assistant sur- geon of the United States Army may be borne by the applicant for such commission: and j)rovided. That no pay or allowance be made to any such acting assistant surgeon or contract surgeon by virtue of this act. This bill was introduced in the United States Senate on December 11, by Gen. Charles F. Manderson, United States senator from Nebraska, a brave and gallant sol- dier, who was wounded in the service of his country, and 127 IS numbered in the Senate as bill 1096. It was intro- duced in the House of Representatives on December 18, 1889, by the Honorable Amos J. Cummings, member of Congress from New York, a well-known and brilliant journalist, who served as sergeant-major in the 26th N. J. Vol. during the war. The bill in the House of Rep- resentatives is numbered H. R. 603. Among those interested in this bill are many who were commissioned medical officers during the war, but who served as acting assistant surgeons U. S. A., during some period of the war of the rebellion. The following are some of those who are most actively interested : L. S. Tesson, M.D., Fort Sidney, Neb. H. A. RoBBiNS, M.D., surgeon. Kit Carson Post No. 2, and medical director, department of the Potomac, G. A. R., 1226 Fifteenth street, Washington, D. C. William Balser, M.D., surgeon, Koltes Post No. 32, and formerly medical director, department of New York, G. A. R., 218 East Thirteenth street, New York City. John T. Nagle, M.D., formerly surgeon of Post Sedg- wick No. 11, department of New York, G. A. R., 47 East Twenty-first street. New York. G. M. Bradfield, M.D., surgeon of Post , G. A. R., department of Philadelphia, Pa., 1236 Sprin Garden street, Philadelphia. George E. Stubbs, A. M., M.D., 616 Walnut street, Philadelphia, Pa. James V. Patterson, M.D., 104 West Penn street, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. F. P. Pfeiffer, M.D., 222 North Second street, Cam- den, N. J. E. H. Kluber, M.D., Ellinwood, Barton county, Kan. J. E. Brooke, M.D., Plymouth, Marshall county, Ind. o 128 C. E. Reed, M.D., Middleport, O. S. C. Ayres, M.D., 64 West Seventh street, Cincin- nati, O. Thomas Morrison, M.D., formerly of the army of the Cumberland, Wayne, Mich. George M. Paullin, M.D., Shiloh, N. J. T. O. Bannister, M.D., Odell, 111. J. H. Brownlow, M.D., 55 Caroline street, Ogdens- burg, N. Y. Charles M. Bowen, M.D., 601 Massachusetts ave- nue, N. W., Washington, D. C. J. B. Crandall, M.D., Sterling, 111. N. A. RoBBiNS, M.D., Fire Department, Brooklyn, N. y. Adolph Kessler, M.D., 644 Lexington avenue, New York City. J. O. Stanton, M.D., 1344 G street, Washington, D. C. Thomas G. Morton, M.D., 1421 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa. J. P. Barnum, M.D., 543 Fourth avenue, Louisville, Ky. Robert J. Reuxy, 3300 Merimac street, St. Louis, Mo. M. F. Price, M.D., surgeon G. A. R., Colton, Cal.. Henry E. Woodbury, M.D., 912 Twelfth street, N. W., Washington, D. C. The position of the acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., who served in the war of the rebellion, was a curious one, and puzzled most peo- ple who did not know the punctiliousness of the U. S. military ser- vice. Although the war department, adjutant general's office, did not recognize or credit the services of the acting assistant surgeons with the commands they served with, they wei-e recognized by that office in general orders Avhich gave them the same allowance of fuel and quarters as was granted to assistant surgeons, with the rank of first lieutenant, as is shown by the following orders : 129 GENEEAL ORDEES, -j WAE DEPAETMENT, No 273 1 Adjutant General's Office, J Washington, October 19, 1864. Acting assistant surgeons assigned to duty and serving with regi- ments will be entitled to the fuel and quarters of an assistant sur- geon in the army in all cases in which the allowances can be issued in kind. By okder of th* Secretary of Wah : E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant General. Official : GENEEAL OEDEES -| WAE DEPAETMENT, j^Q g j- Adjutant General's Office, ) Washington, January 18, 1865. Acting assistant surgeons, U. S. A., assigned to duty and serving at posts, will be entitled to the same allowance of fuel and quarters in kind as is now granted to assistant surgeons of the army, with the rank of 1st Lieutenant. By order of the Secretary op War : W. A. NICHOLS, Assistant Adjutant General. Official : An act to fix the status of acting assistant surgeons of the United States Army, or contract surgeons who served in the war of the rebellion : Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- tives of the United States of America, in Congress Assem- bled, That all acting assistant surgeons of the U. S. A., or contract surgeons who served in the war of the rebellion, and whose services were honorably terminated, be com- missioned as acting assistant surgeons of the U. S. A., the date of contract to be the date of commission and mus- ter into the service, and the date when the service was 13 130 honorably terminated, or the contracts annulled, to be the date of discharge or muster out of the service : Provided, that any expense attending the issuance of a commission as acting assistant surgeon of the U. S. A., be borne by the applicant for such commission. CIRCULAE ISSUED BY DR. NAGLE. TO THE ACTING ASSISTANT SURGEONS OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY, WHO SERVED IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. The records of the surgeon general's office show that there were 5,532 contract surgeons, or, as they were officially designated, acting assistant surgeons of the U. S. A., who served in the war of the Re- bellion. The form of entry into the service by these medical officei's — many of whom were professors in medical colleges and editors of stand- ard medical books — was not questioned, as their country needed their services, and they patriotically responded to its call in its hour of need, and went where they were ordered by their superior officers, agreeably to the U. S. A. regulations, which they were sworn to obey like other medical officers. They wore the uniform and insignia of rank of first lieutenant and performed precisely the same duties as surgeons and assistant surgeons, and in a number of instances had charge of Uni- ted States general hospitals, where their responsibility was very great. Section 4695 of the Revised Statutes of the United States gives the acting assistant surgeon the same amount of pension as is given to a fli'st lieutenant of the military or marine corps ; but their only grievance is, that they ai'e deprived of whatever benefits that a legal muster and an honorable discharge would entitle them to. D. R. Austin, Judge Advocate General of the G. A. R., gives the fol- lowing opinion in regard to this class of medical officers : "Contract surgeons were not mustered into the army, and consequently they could not receive a discharge. It is therefore held that they are not eligible to membership in the Grand Army of the Republic." (See Decision 99, G. A. R., Blue-Book, page 14.) The following extracts from letters of a few prominent members of the Grand Army of the Republic suggest how the obstacle for mem- bership in that organization can be overcome by the acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., viz. : Past Commander-in-chief Gen, Robert B. Beath, G. A. R., states; "We tried to change the article. on eligibility at San Francisco, where I had in mind the case of a surgeon who served several months in the field, who yvas repeatedly under fire, and was paid regularly on the regimental rolls, but without legal muster, 131 and consequently is ineligible to membership in the Grand Array. I believe congressional action directing a muster in and a muster out would be the pi'oper way to secure the relief required." Adj. Gen. Geo. H, Hopkins, G. A. R., writes by direction of Gen. Russell A. Alger, commander-in-chief of the G. A. R., as follows: "The only way to remedy the matter is by the plan suggested by Past Commander-in-chief Beath, to whose letter you refer, or to call the attention of the Encampment to the matter at its next meeting, unless congressional action be taken before that time." I do not know who originated the suggestion to employ medical offi- cers by contract instead of commission, but it seems to me that it ought to be deprecated by all persons who are interested in the wel- fare of the army, as the same method might be applied at any time to line or staff officers. The issuance of contracts instead of commissions, does an injustice to the medical officers who accept them. Although precisely the same kind of service is performed that is exacted of commissioned medical officers, yet the service of the acting assistant surgeon of the U. S. A.. is not considered, on account of not having, as alleged, a legal muster and discharge. An instance of the apparent injustice to acting assistant or contract surgeons might be cited in the case of Dr. William Balser, who was medical director of the G. A. R., department of New York in 1886, and who has been a member of the Koltes Post, No. 32, department of New York, since 1867, and surgeon of the post since 1868. Dr. Balser states that he entered the service as acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., in July, 1862, and was assigned to the 62d Regt., N. Y. Vols., army of the Po- tomac, and served as such until Dec, 1862, when he was commissioned as assistant surgeon, 29th Regt., N. Y. S. Vols. Inf., and was mustered out in June, 1863. He entered the service again, as acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., in July, 1863, and was ordered to Hilton Head, S. C, where he was executive officer of the U. S. General Hospital, and served there until June, 1866, when be was relieved at his own re- quest. Although Dr. Balser served four years and five months as an acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., of which two years and five months were during the war— between April 12, 1861 and April 9, 1865— and although the kind of service was the same in every respect, except when he was executive officer of tlie U. S. General Hospital, which in- volved a much greater responsibility to the government, he is only credited with seven months that he served as an assistant surgeon, and thinks it an injustice which ought to be remedied. The case of Dr. Balser is similar to that of every other contract or acting assistant surgeon of the U. S. A., who served in the war of the Rebellion, and the injustice to them is so manifest, that any fair- minded person ought to aid iu conceding the relief asked for. In 132 view of the opinions advanced by the prominent members of the great- est veteran organization in the country, and perhaps in the world, I wrote to Gen. Charles F. Manderson, U. S. Senator from Nebraska, who is as well posted on military affairs as any other man in the country, giving him a brief statement of the services of the acting assistant sur- geons, U. S. A., and the position they were placed in, which prevented them from sharing the advantages that were extended to other medi- cal officers, and to which I thought their services entitled thetn. I received a prompt and very courteous response from him, of which the following is an extract : "I realize with you that there should be some substantial recognition of the contract surgeons who served in the war of the Rebellion ; and if you draft a bill such as you suggest in your letter, and send it to me during the early days of Congress, I shall tal^e pleasure in bringing it before the Committee of Military Af- fairs of the Senate." In accordance with the kindness shown on all sides to aid in establish- ing the deserved status of the acting assistant surgeons of the U. S. A., who served in the war of the Rebellion, I drafted a bill, which I think will meet all the requirements, and if passed, will remove the objec- tion to this class of officers from participating in the benefits that an honorable discharge would entitle them to, and would end any further legislation in their behalf, and would entail no expense to the govern- ment. During the war of the Rebellion there were 447 acting assist- ant surgeons of the U. S. Navy, and all of them were commissioned officers. The acting assistant surgeons of the U. S. A. ought to be commissioned lilsewise, as the work they performed in the field and in the U. S. hospitals, as shown, to a certain extent in the Medical and Surgical history of the war of the Rebellion, will show that they are entitled to the recognition asked for. If the bill meets with your approval, and you take an interest in its passage I should be thankful if you would send one each to your representative in Congress, and to the United States senators of your state, with a request for them to aid Senator Manderson in his efforts to pass it. Gen. Russell A. Alger, commander-in-chief of the G. A. R., is mak- ing an effort to have an individual history of every person who served in the late war, and obtain from him a complete history of all his part in the struggle, which he thinks should be obtained by the U. S. Cen- sus Bureau. The particulars are to be filed in the War Department, in order that a perfect history of the war of the Rebellion be made from them. The part the acting assistant surgeon U. S. A. took in the late war is quite important, and worth while obtaining, and if you take enough interest in joining an association of acting assistant surgeons, with the objects as stated above, and also to obtain a copy of the list of those who served in this capacity, for publication, and furnish an individual history of each, as far as can be obtained, to- 133 gether with any matter that might have come under your observation that would be of interest in the completion of such a great work, or anything relating to the welfare of this corps, I would be very much pleased to hear from you. I would also be thankful for the names and addresses of any acting assistant surgeons, U. S. A., who served in the late war, and who, you think, would take an interest in such a movement. Memoranda for the Information of Persons desir- ous OF ENTERING THE MeDICAL SeRVICE OF THE United States Army as Acting Assistant Surgeons. All candidates for contract service in the medical de- partment U. S. A. must apply to the surgeon general for an invitation to appear before a medical examining board. The application must be in the handwriting of the appli- cant, stating age and birthplace, and must be accompanied by testimonials as to moral standing and character, and must submit to the board a satisfactory diploma of grad- uation. The physical qualifications of the candidate and his fit- ness to undergo any probable hardships of field service, or exposure in any climate or season of the year, must be rigidly tested by the board, and a favorable report will not be made in any case in which this is doubtful. The following will be the general plan of the examina- tion : 1. Physical examination — which will be rigid. 2. Oral examination on the branches taught in the com- mon schools. Should a candidate fail to satisfy the board that he has a good knowledge of orthography, grammar and the fun- damental rules of arithmetic, including operations with fractions, and that he has a fair acquaintance with geogra- phy and history of the United States, his examination will not be continued further, as it is thought that such defi- (134) 135 ciency is sufficient evidence that his professional acquain- tance cannot be such as will warrant the department in committing the lives and health of soldiers and their fam- ilies to his charge. 3. An oral examination on anatomy, surgery, practice of medicine, obstetrics and diseases of women and chil- dren, therapeutics, including tests of antidotes for poi- sons, and the writing and compounding of extemporaneous prescriptions. These examinations will not be unreasonably prolonged and will be so conducted as to embrace practical subjects and the treatment of emergencies. 4. One question each, upon anatomy, surgery, practice of medicine and obstetrics, will also be given to the can- didate in writing, and his written answers to the same together with a verbatim report of his answers to the com- mon school branches, shall be preserved as a part of his record and transmitted to the surgeon general's office. Candidates who have had experience in general or hos- pital practice, or in epidemics, shall in all cases receive credit therefor when substantiated by satisfactory evi- dence. Candidates reported as qualified by the examining board will be arranged in the order of their respective merit ; and, as the necessity for their employment arises, will re- ceive contract for duty in such military department as their services may be needed. R. Murray, Surgeon General U. S. A. U. S. AEMY REGULATIONS CONCERNING ACTING ASSISTANT SURGEONS. 2279. When it is necessary to employ a private physi- cian in the military service, the surgeon general, the med- ical director, or, in emergencies, the commanding officer of a detachment, may do so, by a written contract (Form No. 33), at a stated compensation not to exceed $ per month when the number of persons to be attended is one hundred or more ; $ when it is from fifty to one hundred, and $ when it is under fifty. — [_Begs. 1863, IT 1304.] 2280. But when he is required to abandon his own bus- iness, and give his whole time to the public service, the compensation may be fixed at $ per month. He shall also receive the quarters of an assistant surgeon of the rank of first lieutenant, be furnished with fuel in accordance with the laws and regulations relating to commissioned officers, and when travelling under orders, the same trav- elling allowances as may be prescribed for commissioned officers of the army by laws and regulations in force for the time ; and when serving west of the Mississippi river, one daily ration in kind. He shall further receive, at the expiration of his term of service, traveling allowances as aforesaid, for actual travel only, to the place of making the contract, provided his contract shall not havebfeen an- nulled for misconduct or neglect of duty.— [Megs. 1863, IT 1305.] (136) 137 2281. When a private physician is required to furnish medicines, he shall be allowed as compensation 25 to 50 per cent, on the sum paid for his services, as may be de- termined by the surgeon general. — [Hegs. 1863, If 1306.] 2282. In all cases, contracts will be made in quadrupli- cate, two copies of which shall be forwarded, through the medical director, to the surgeon general with the pre- scribed oath of office (Form No. 34) ; one copy shall be retained by the officer making the contract, and one copy by the physician contracted with. 2283. Form of Contract with a Private Physician for service as an Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. Army. This contract, entered into this day of , 18 — , at in the State of , between — '■ , of the United States Army, and Dr. , of , in the State of , witnesseth : That for the consideration hereinafter mentioned the said Dr. promises and agrees to perform the duties of a medical officer, agreeably to army regulations, at [or elsewhere (1*),] [and to furnish the proper medi- cines, (2*)] ; and the said promises and agrees, on behalf of the United States, to pay, or cause to be paid, to the said Dr. , the sum of dollars for each and every month he shall continue to perform the services above stated. When on duty at a post or station where there are public quarters belong- ing to the United States, he shall receive the quarters in kind allowed by law to an assistant surgeon of the rank of first lieutenant ; when on duty at a post or station where there are no public stations, he shall receive the com- mutation for quarters allowed by law to an assistant surgeon of the rank of first lieutenant ; he shall be furnished with fuel in accordance with the laws and regulations relating to commissioned officers, and when travelling under orders, the same travelling allowances prescribed 138 for commissioned officers of the army by laws and regu- lations in force for the time : and serving west of the Mississippi river he shall receive one daily ration in kind . [And if the said Dr. shall be required to furnish his medicines, he shall be compensated therefor at the rate of per cent, on his monthly pay, to be de- termined by the surgeon general (3*).] And it is fur- thermore agreed, that at the expiration of his term of ser- vice, the said Dr. shall receive travelling allowances, as aforesaid, for actual travel only, to the place of making the contract ; provided such contract is not an- nulled for misconduct or neglect of duty, in which case no travellinsf allowances will be furnished. All of which will be his full compensation, and in lieu of all allowances and emoluments. This contract to continue at least if not sooner determined by the general commanding the military division or department, the medical director, or the surgeon general. It is furthermore expressly agreed and understood that, in conformity to the requirements of Section 3741 of the revised statutes, no member of, or delegate to, Congress shall be admitted to any share or part in this contract, or to any benefit to arise therefrom. In this contract (1*) (2*) (3*) ha — been stricken out. . [Seal.] . [Seal.] Signed, sealed, and delivered in the presence of — Note 1.— Contracts with private physicians should be made in quadruplicate: two copies to be forwarded to the Surgeon General for his action and record; one copy to be given to the physician contracted with, and one copy to be retained by the officer making the contract. Note 2.— Accounts arising under this contract will be paid by the Pay Depart- ment. Those clauses in [ ] not applicable to this contract shall be stricken out be- fore signature and so noted. Note 3.— Contracts with private physicians, made by the Surgeon General or the Medical Director of a Department, will be annulled only by the direction of those officers, or by that of the Commanding General of. a Military Division or Depart- ment. [General Orders No. 3, War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Wash- ington, D. C, January 21, 1869,] 139 This form of contract and the allowances specified in it approved by the Secretary of War, November 17, 1880. 2284. A contract with a private physician, made by the surgeon general or the medical director of a department, will be annulled only by the direction of those officers, or by that of the commanding general of a military divi- sion or department. The date of annulment of a contract shall be immediately reported to the surgeon general. — IG. 0.3,1869.] 2285. Tlie accounts of contract physicians will be paid by paymasters, and are to be made out in the ordinary form of an officer's pay-account, vouched for by a certifi- cate thereon by the commanding officer that it is correct and according to contract, and that the services have been duly rendered, which certificate he will not make unless the contract has been approved by the medical director of the department or by the surgeon general. The pay- ments shall be made under the same rules that govern in the payment of officers at the same station. — \_Regs. 1863, IF 1308 ; Regs. Med. DejiL; G. 0. 90, 1866.] 2286. Contract physicians (acting assistant surgeons) are entitled to the same protection in their positions, also to the same respectful subordinate conduct and to the same military courtesy from enlisted men as if they were com- missioned officers. They are placed in the position of com- missioned officers, so far as relates to their duties as sur- geons, by the United States government. — \_G. O. 100, 1875.] 2287. Surgeons from civil life who tender their services for the benefit of the sick and wounded in the field, under the invitation of the Secretary of War, will each be al- lowed, transportation to and from the place their services may be needed, and, while so employed, the use of a pub- lic horse, a tent, and the privilege of purchasing subsist- ence stores from the subsistence department. — \_Regs. 1863, 4p. B, 1 69.] 140 To show how steadily the position has deteriorated and how humiliation has been added since the war the regula- tions now read : — U. S. Army Regulations, 1553 (1889), state as fol- lows : — " Acting assistant surgeons are entitled to the same pro- tection in their positions, and the same respect and obe- dience from enlisted men, as commissioned officers. They are not^ hoioever, to wear the uniform of a commissioned officer nor any insignia of rank, nor shall they be entitled to a choice of quarters over a commissioned officer." A DIFFERENCE IN PAY. A regular commissioned surgeon receives in the First five years. $8,000 Second five years, 11,000 Third five years, 12,000 Fourth five years, 13,000 Fifth five years. 16,000 $60,000 A contract surgeon receives in the First five years. $ 6,000 Second five years, 6,000 Third five years, 6,000 Fourth five years. 6,000 Fifth five years. 6,000 $30,000 making the difierence of $30,000 between the amounts expended. The services of the acting assistant surgeon are in no case inferior as to skill and amount of labor expended and responsibility incurred. The difierence in pay is in spite of the argument of justification in getting the lowest price — a lasting disgrace to the authorities which permit it. 141 The followino^ admirable letter from Dr. Na2:le is a rea- sonable, honorable and manly protest. New York, Oct. 15, 1889. Dear Sir: In view of the near approach of the meeting of Congress next December and the importance of having some action taken in regard to the office of acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., I thought I would ask your plans and make some suggestions. I had a conference vrith Dr. George F. Shrady, editor of the Medical Record, who was an acting assistant surgeon U. S. A., during the late war and who at- tended America's great soldier, General Grant, in his last illness, in regard to the subject and read to him the revised statute and army regulations which related to them, and the prohibition from wearing a uniform or any insignia of rank, and I informed him that I thought it was humiliating for medical men to accept office under such circum- stances, in which he concurred. In order for you to be successful in your efforts, it is my opinion that you should make the objects of your association broader. The acting assistant surgeons U. S. A., during the war, were obliged to wear uniforms and straps as first lieutenants. "When they made the change that they should wear no insignia of rank I do not know. The number that served as acting assistant surgeons U. S. A. during the war was 5532. The association whose object is to benefit those now in office will not be sufficient to enlist a large follow- ing, and the simple petition to the military committee to have this re- form I do not think will receive much consideration from the military committee. A committee should appear before the military committee and recite its grievance. It seems to me that a national society of medical officers who served in the war of the Rebellion, making eligible for active membership all persons who served in the late war as commissioned medical officers of thelJ. S. Army or Navy or volunteers, all acting assistant surgeons, U. S. Army or Navy, and aU commissioned medical officers of state regiments who were subject to the orders of the U. S. government, who served between April 12, 1861 and April 9, 1865, and whose ser- vices were honorably terminated and associate members ; all those medical officers of the above mentioned rank who served since the war of the Rebellion. 1. The objects to be to perpetuate the memory of those who gave their services to their country in its hour of need. 2. To promote the welfare of the medical officers now in the ser- vice. 3. To fix a proper status for the acting assistant surgeons U. S. A. and U. S. N. who served in the war of the Rebellion, by issuing com- missions to them, the date of commissions to be the date of entry into 142 service, and the date of discharge to be the date of honorable termi- nation of service. 4. To fix the status and rank of the acting assistant surgeons U. S. A., who have entered the army or navy since the war of the Re- bellion. 5. To meet annually to discuss matters relating to the medical pro- fession and the army, to read papers on surgery and disease, particu- larly those which relate to camp life and surgical improvements for the care of the wounded and disabled, as well as hygiene and camp sanitation. I only suggest something of this kind which might be the means of creating a large organization and a good state organization that might have suitable resolutions introduced into every medical so- ciety of the state, and by letters and perhaps personal friendship be able to convince the senators and members of congress of their state to the justness of their petition, to enlist the cooperation of the med- ical papers in their behalf, etc. In some way or other the confederate surgeons might be quasi rec- ognized, as medical men were non-combatants, and the Union officer attended the sick and wounded confederates as well as he did his own, and I suppose they did the same. I would be thankful for your ideas. Another letter, illustrating the abuses complained of is as follows : Dear Sir : I would like to see the association accomplish something if it undertakes to do anything. It is doubtful, however, if Congress or any one else can be made to understand the hardships and often humiliating positions that poor|y- paid and little-cared-for contract surgeons find themselves in. I think that instead of bettering the condition of the contract surgeon, the recent attempt and failure in Congress to do so have had rather the opposite efl'ect and I earnestly hope that nothing will be done at the next Congress unless success can be accomplished. Our pay is alto- gether too small to maintain the dignity of our positions, as we are expected to maintain the dignity of a gentleman and to associate with commissioned officers, and it costs us as much to live as it does them. As the attempt is to give us the quarters of a first lieutenant, all the second lieutenants feel a jealousy of us and at the least pinch for quar- ters there is very apt to be hard feelings or words. With the amount of pay we receive it is impossible to keep up one's mess even if his quarters are sufficiently commodious to allow him of doing so, unless he is his own cook. No provision is made for our pension or retire- ment if crippled or disabled in the service, and even after years of service faithfully performed and decrepit old age steals on us we are liable to be coolly informed on any day that our services are no longer 143 required, and unless we have succeeded in saving a competency from our meagre stipend there is nothing left for us but to look for the pro- tection of some charitable institution. "We who have served long up- on the frontier are forgotten by our friends and relations, and even the U. S. government grants us no leave of absence without forfeiture of pay, not even on account of our own sickness and not even to at- tend the death-bed of our immediate family, or to attend lectures of college or hospitals for our improvement the better to enable us to serve our country and do our duty, while every clerk in every depart- ment is granted a vacation in Washington and elsewhere without loss of pay. I do not think a move to commission us second lieutenants would be advisable or desirable, inasmuch as we should be constantly recorders of Boards of Survey and Courts Martial, and besides with being constantly ranked by second lieutenants, we should scarcely have retained pay enough to maintain ourselves. If we are to be com- missioned at all, I think no inferior grade should be created for us, when after years of the same service that commissioned surgeons render. Why shouldnot Congress be made to understand that we have not lost our ability to do our duty, but were merely unfortunate in be- ing born too soon? Let us at least have the rank of either first lieu- tenants or captains, with all the rights that belong thereto, taking rank from time of commission, and that depending on the length of each one's service. None now in service could even expect to attain a majority. LIST OF ACTING ASSISTANT SUEGEONS WHO ARE NOT MEMBERS OF THE ASSOCIATION BUT WHO ARE KNOWN TO HAVE SERVED AS SUCH. Dr. p. C. Pfiefferdied Sept. 18, 1863, from disease con- tracted during the war. Dr. F. P. Pfieffer. Dr. Beers, formerly post surgeon, Ft. Cummings, New Mexico. Dr. Elias S. Bronson, Adrian, Upshur Co., West Va. Dr. Alfred L. S. Moran, 153 7th St., South Boston, Mass. Dr. Amon C. Taber, 1417 Corcoran St., Washington, D. C. Dr. John E. Bailey, Mackinac Island, Mich., late A. A. S., U. S. Army several times since 1854, surgeon 8th Missouri Infantry, and present Lieut. Colonel Mass. Vols. Dr. L. N. Clark, Eoyalton, Niagara Co., N. Y. Dr. John M. France, Fort Du Chesne, Utah. Dr. G. M. Smith, 14 East 17th St., New York City. Dr. J. M. Fulton, Beekmantown, Plymouth Co., N. Y. Dr. W. M. Hudson, 105 Elm St., Hartford, Conn. Dr. F. O. Nash, Hollister, Cal. Dr. George Bayles, Orange, N. J. Dr. Atland, deceased. Dr. J. N. Tildeu, Peekskill, N. Y. Dr. W. B. Green, Leed Hill, Ark. Dr. A. L. Norris, Cambridgeport, Mass. Dr. H. Meyers, Seguin, Tex. (144) 145 Dr. W. J. Miinger, Maywood, 111. Dr. A. S. Gray, San D^iego, Cal. Dr. Geo. F. Shrady, New York City, editor N. Y. Medical Record. Prof. Austin Flint, sr. (deceased), New York City. Prof. Austin Flint, jr. Dr. Adler, Florence, Arizona. Dr. Handay, Tucson, Arizona. Dr. John W. Toward, stationed at Cony Hospital. His present address is Augusta, Me. Dr. John B. Bowen was appointed A. A. S. June 10, 1862. He was promoted to surgeon 34th Regt. N. J. Vols. Aug. 23, 1863, and resigned May 28, 1864. He died Dec. 11, 1868. Dr. C. H. Allen, formerly A. A. S., U. S. A., died at Centerville, Cal., on Nov. 10, 1888 or 89. Dr. Arthur Kemble, Salem, Mass. Dr. Osborne, Peabody, Mass. Dr. J. F. Broughter died in the service as related in records of Dr. McLain. Dr. J. W, Powell served with the 5th Cavalry on the Big Horn and Yellowstone expedition of 1876, as related in Capt. King's book " Campaigning with Crook." 14 IN MEMORY ACTmG ASSISTANT SUKGEONS OF THE U. S. ARMY, WHO HAVE FALLEN IN THE LINE OF DUTY IN THE SERVICE OF THEIB COUNTRY. R. I. P. A. D. 1889. The proposed tablet, a large brass cross on an oak panel, has been designed by the Gorham Manufacturing Company, and is to be placed in the chapel at Ft. Leaven- worth, Kansas. Members and friends of the Association are urgently requested to contribute as soon as possible, so that the tablet can be completed at an early date. (146) THE PETITION OF THE ACTING ASSISTANT SUEGEONS, U. S. A. To the Committee of Military Affairs, U. S. Senate: On behalf of a number of acting assistant surgeons of the army, I respectfully ask your friendly consideration of the matter herewith submitted. Some of these officers entered the army in the late war ; others, who entered later, have rendered important ser- vices in Indian campaigns of the far west, performing the same duties, enduring the same hardships and privations as commissioned surgeons in like situations. Hundreds of commands have been entrusted to their professional skill and care, and the fact that they are still in the service is sufficient proof of their character and professional ability. They have grown old in the service ; they love it and for it have sacrificed the chance to make places for them- selves in civil life. They have passed the age for com- mission under existing laws, and if the medical corps were opened to them, many or most of them would shrink from competition with the fresh output of the schools in a merely technical and literary examination. Hence, without the kind intervention of Congress, they are without adequate compensation for the present, or hope for the future. The relief suggested does not propose to increase the num- ber of medical officers now provided for by law, but only to transfer a few to the commissioned list, as a reward for meritorious services, and to provide better security for the actino; assistant surgeons who remain. Before deciding to present this bill for your considera- (147) 148 tion, I submitted a draft of it to each of the general officers of the army on the active list, except heads of staff depart- ments, with a request for an opinion upon the merits of our case and the proposed measure of relief. The opin- ions elicited are herewith submitted, the address, acknow- ledgment, etc., in each case being omitted for the sake of brevity. With regard to the objection of Gen. Schofield to sec- tion three of the bill, I wish to add that the provision was inspired by the hope of avoiding possible friction. It would be more in accordance with justice to commission these meritorious surgeons without the proposed restric- tion, but it is proper that the draft should go before the committee in substantially the same shape in which it was submitted to the general officers of the army, whose opin- ions are subjoined. Very respectfully, S. S. Turner, M.D., Acting Assistant Surgeon U. 8. A. An Act for the Relief of Acting Assistant Surgeons OF the Army. Be it enacted^ By the Senate a7id House of Representatives of the United States, in Congress assembled: Section I. That from and after the passage of this act, the pay of an acting assistant surgeon in the army shall be the same allowed by law for a second lieutenant, mounted ; and in computing the increase for length of service, all service rendered prior to the passage of this act shall be included. He shall be entitled to forage for one horse actually kept, and to the quarters and commutation for quarters now provided by contract, but his quarters shall be per- 149 maneutly assigned by the post commander during his ser- vice at the post. Sec. II. All laws and regulations which apply to the retirement of surgeons and assistant surgeons of the army from active service are hereby extended to include acting assistant surgeons. Provided, that no acting assistant surgeon hereafter appointed shall be retired for age whose aggregate service has been less than twenty years. Sec. III. Upon the recommendation of his post com- mander and of the medical director of the department in which he is serving, any acting assistant surgeon now in the service, who shall have rendered any service with the army of the United States during the war of the Rebel- lion, whether with the regular, volunteer, or militia forces in actual service, or as a surgeon with any of said forces, or who, at the time of making application under this act, shall have served not less than ten years with the army and been engaged with troops in any field service instant to Indian disturbances, may be appointed by the Presi- dent by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, an assistant surgeon in the army, with the rank and pay of first lieutenant, mounted, not to he in the line of -promotion, but in all other respects subject to the laws and regulations which apply to assistant surgeons of that rank. Provided, that every assistant surgeon appointed under this section shall be an addition to the number of assistant surgeons now allowed by law, and shall be deducted from the num- ber of acting assistant surgeons at the time allowed by law ; and, provided further, that length of service under con- tract shall determine the relative rank of the officers so appointed, and that in computing length of service for pay, •service rendered prior to appointment shall be included. 7 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES This book is due on the date indicated below, or at the expiration of a definite period after the date of borrowing, as provided by the rules of the Library or by special arrange- ment with the Librarian in charge. DATE BORROWED DATE DUE DATE BORROWED DATE DUE C2e(l14l)MIOO COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES (hsl.stx) Rd1.As72As7C.1 Records assistant • -t-nnri of actiii£.