HRHG HIGHER 
 H|B EDUCATIONAL 
 Htt WORK of THE 
 AMERICAN BOARD 
 
i\ew administration building of the American College , Madura. South India 
 
THE 
 
 HIGHER EDUCATIONAL WORK 
 OE THE AMERICAN 
 
 BOARD 
 
 A STATEMENT OF 
 ITS BASIS, SCOPE, OPPORTUNITY 
 
 AND NEED 
 
 By JAMES L. BARTON 
 
 FOREIGN SECRETARY 
 
 PRINTED FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION BY THE 
 
 AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FOR 
 
 FOREIGN MISSIONS 
 
 U BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MASS. 
 
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 Cl )t American BSoarti of Commissioners 
 
 for ^foreign JHissions 
 
 Headquarters 
 
 Congregational House, 14 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. 
 
 General (Officers 
 
 President Vice-President 
 
 SAMUEL B. CAPEN, LL.D. EDWARD D. EATON, D.D. 
 
 Recording Secretary Assistant Recording Secretary 
 
 HENRY A. STIMSON, D.D. EDWARD N. PACKARD, D.D. 
 
 Auditors 
 
 WILLIAM B. PLUNKETT HERBERT J. WELLS 
 
 EDWIN H. BAKER 
 
 gtomimstrattoe Officers 
 
 Prudential Committee 
 
 PRESIDENT and VICE-PRESIDENT ex oficiis 
 
 Term expires 1913 
 
 HERBERT A. WILDER 
 REV. EDWARD M. NOYES 
 EDWARD C. MOORE, D.D. 
 REV. GEORGE A. HALL 
 
 Term expires 1914 
 
 HON. ARTHUR H. WELLMAN 
 HENRY HARRISON PROCTOR 
 LUCIUS H. THAYER, D.D. 
 REV. WILLARD L. SPERRY 
 
 Term expires 1915 
 
 ARTHUR PERRY 
 JOHN C. BERRY, M.D. 
 
 RAYMOND CALKINS, D.D. 
 
 *HON. JAMES LOGAN 
 
 Cxecuttoe ©fftcerg 
 
 SECRETARIES FOR CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 JAMES L. BARTON, D.D. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D.D. 
 
 EDWARD LINCOLN SMITH, D.D. 
 
 Treasurer 
 
 FRANK H. WIGGIN 
 
 Editorial Secretaries 
 
 E. E. STRONG, D.D., Emeritus 
 WILLIAM E. STRONG, D.D. 
 
 Associate Secretaries 
 
 REV. ENOCH F. BELL 
 REV. D. BREWER EDDY 
 
 DISTRICT SECRETARIES 
 
 New England District Interior District 
 
 SECRETARY PATTON in charge A. N. HITCHCOCK, D.D. 
 
 14 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. 19 So. La Salle Street, Chicago, Ill. 
 
 Middle District 
 
 SECRETARY SMITH in charge 
 
 4th Ave. and 22d St., New York 
 
 Pacific Coast District 
 H. MELVILLE TENNEY, D.D. 
 
 Mechanics Bank Building, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 * Resigned 
 
 Publishing and Purchasing Agent 
 JOHN G. HOSMER 
 
 14 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. 
 
anoman’s 'Board of jflfUsslonsi, Boston 
 
 Headquarters 
 
 Congregational House, 14 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. 
 
 President 
 
 MRS. CHARLES H. DANIELS 
 
 Foreign Secretary 
 
 MISS KATE G. LAMSON 
 
 Home Secretary Editorial Secretary 
 
 MISS HELEN B. CALDER MISS ALICE M. KYLE 
 
 Secretary of Young People’s Work 
 MISS MARY PRESTON 
 
 Treasurer Assistant Treasurer 
 
 MISS SARAH LOUISE DAY MISS S. EMMA KEITH 
 
 * 
 
 I2Ioman’g Board of jtttsstotts of tip interior 
 
 Headquarters 
 
 19 So. La Salle Street, Chicago, Ill. 
 
 President Secretary 
 
 MRS. GEORGE M. CLARK MISS M. D. WINGATE 
 
 Treasurer 
 
 MRS. S. E. HURLBUT 
 
 1454 Asbury Avenue, Evanston, Ill. 
 
 * 
 
 anomait's Board of ^missions for ttjc pacific 
 
 President Home Secretary 
 
 MRS. R. B. CHERINGTON MRS. H. M. TENNEY 
 
 Portersville, Cal. 37 Mesa Ave., Piedmont, Cal. 
 
 Acting Treasurer 
 
 MRS. W. W. FERRIER 
 
 2716 Hillegass Ave., Berkeley, Cal. 
 
Sub-Committee of the Prudential Committee upon the Higher 
 Educational Work of the American Board 
 
 EDWARD C. MOORE, Chairman 
 ARTHUR PERRY 
 GEORGE A. HALL 
 RAYMOND CALKINS 
 JAMES L. BARTON 
 ENOCH F. BELL, Clerk 
 
EDUCATION AND MISSIONS 
 
 HE last century of foreign missions has estab¬ 
 lished modern schools and the principles of 
 Western education in the East and in Africa. 
 There are today between three and four mil¬ 
 lions of the bright youth of these countries 
 studying in Christian mission schools. ManJ 
 of these institutions have already achieved an international 
 reputation and hold leading positions in the educational sys¬ 
 tems of the countries in which they are located. 
 
 MISSIONARY EDUCATION 
 
 The missionaries sent out at the beginning of the last century 
 were college trained men. They were the product of countries 
 in which education was held in high honor. Straightway they 
 saw, by an inevitable logic, that if Christianity was to be per¬ 
 manently planted among the Asiatic and African races, Chris¬ 
 tian education must be established and fostered. They saw 
 that the Christian community must be made more intelligent 
 than the pagan society from which it emerged, and that it must 
 provide native leaders to become the real and direct evangel- 
 izers of their own peoples. Not one believed that education 
 was Christianity or could supersede Christianity; but all were 
 convinced that sound learning was one of the most powerful 
 allies known to the Christian church. For this reason the church 
 and the schoolhouse have appeared side by side throughout the 
 East, wherever the modern missionary has established himself. 
 
 POLICY OF THE AMERICAN BOARD 
 
 While conservatively cautious in pushing educational work, 
 there is probably no missionary society that has sent out as 
 missionaries better educated men and women than has the 
 American Board; or that has more justly appreciated the per¬ 
 manent worth, as an evangelizing and civilizing force, of the 
 
 [ 7 ] 
 
school in all its grades, beginning with the kindergarten and 
 terminating in the normal school, the college, and the theo¬ 
 logical seminary. These higher departments have grown as 
 naturally and systematically out of the policy and methods of 
 work adopted as the oak becomes the finished product of the 
 planted and nurtured acorn. There could have been no other 
 rational result from the labors of educated founders, who be¬ 
 lieved that from among the people themselves must be devel¬ 
 oped those who should be their leaders in everything that 
 elevates, civilizes and Christianizes. 
 
 CLASSES OF SCHOOLS 
 
 Missionary kindergartens, primary and village schools, acad¬ 
 emies and boarding schools are to be found in large numbers 
 in all countries where the missions of the American Board 
 have been planted. Closely affiliated with these, and an inte¬ 
 gral part of them in most of the countries, are industrial schools 
 or departments for making the education given the most prac¬ 
 tical one possible. For about fifty years these were the only 
 schools maintained, apart from training schools for fitting 
 
 young men for the gospel 
 
 Principal of North China Union 
 College for Women , Peking 
 
 ministry. 
 
 It was inevitable that there should 
 be growth. When the East was 
 calling for educated leaders and the 
 young men and women of those 
 countries were on fire with a desire 
 to enter into the new life of the 
 times, and especially when parents 
 were eager to give their children 
 the manifest advantages a modern 
 Christian education would afford, 
 it was impossible to prevent the 
 advance of academies and high 
 schools into colleges whose courses 
 of instruction should provide an 
 adequate higher training for the 
 countries in which they were lo¬ 
 cated. The mission college emerged 
 from a half century of preparation 
 and in response to a manifest local 
 demand. 
 
 [ 8 ] 
 
RELATIONS TO NATIVE LEADERSHIP 
 
 The fundamental policy of the Board, in the organization 
 and conduct of its operations in all countries, is the creation 
 of a native leadership and the placing of responsibility upon 
 the native leaders as rapidly as they are able to bear it. This 
 policy carried out in Japan has produced over one hundred 
 J apanese Kumi-ai churches, now under the direction 
 of Christian Japanese and independent of mission 
 financial aid. Without well-educated J apanese lead¬ 
 ers such a result would have been impossible. 
 
 In every mission of the Board there are 
 already many churches, schools, and different 
 phases of Christian work carried on by trained 
 natives. At the beginning, all this effort was 
 under the care and direction of the mission¬ 
 aries themselves. No other method was possi¬ 
 ble. As soon as properly trained Christian 
 natives coidd be reared, responsibilities were 
 passed over to them. It early became appar¬ 
 ent to the missionaries and to mission boards 
 that their most permanently efficient work 
 lay along the line of training the men and 
 women who should be capable of bearing 
 responsibilities. 
 
 EDUCATED LEADERS AND SELF-SUPPORT 
 
 Native churches are ready, so far as able, to assume the salary 
 of their own pastors and to support their own teachers in the 
 schools in which their children study. No pastor of a native 
 church in the Madura, Natal, and Japan Missions receives any 
 salary from the American Board. In many other missions the 
 people pay the salary of their pastors in part or in full. In 
 no case would they support the missionary, even were he their 
 pastor. The self-support of the native churches and schools 
 demands that natives be trained to be pastors, teachers and 
 leaders. 
 
 EDUCATION in NATIVE LAND most ECONOMICAL 
 
 To bring a young man from an Asiatic country and educate 
 him here, giving him a collegiate and theological course, costs 
 about as much as it would in his own country to give practi- 
 
 [ 9 ] 
 
 One of the Faculty in the 
 A merican College, Madura 
 
cally the same course to himself and to eight other young men. 
 Moreover, these nine home-trained men would probably render 
 more than nine times the actual service to their people in the 
 way of Christian leadership than would the one American- 
 trained student. 
 
 Professor Ding and his Theological Class at Foochow 
 
 AMERICAN BOARD COLLEGES 
 
 As a direct outgrowth of its educational operations abroad 
 and under the spur of the policy just stated, there have already 
 come into existence in the countries where the American Board 
 is at work some nineteen colleges and fourteen theological 
 training schools or classes, while there are at least three other 
 high and training schools for boys and almost as many for 
 girls, that are seeking recognition as colleges. 
 
 The Colleges and Theological Schools of the American Board 
 are widely scattered over the Orient. They are here named in 
 groups according to their respective countries, with a few out¬ 
 standing facts in regard to each one. 
 
 [10] 
 
COLLEGES 
 
 AND THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS 
 
 BULGARIA 
 
 The Collegiate and Theological Institute, Samokov, Bulgaria 
 
 Located 15 miles from the capital, in a healthful city devoted 
 to education. The only evangelical training school for young 
 men in Bulgaria. Established 1860. Course of study covers 
 eight years, the last year being purely theological. Has 78 
 pupils and 12 teachers. Students mostly Bulgarian. 
 
 Theological School, Samokov, Bulgaria 
 
 This constitutes the last and highest class in the Collegiate 
 and Theological Institute. Students taking this course are 
 expected to enter the Christian ministry. 
 
 Collegiate and 
 Theological Institute 
 Samokov 
 
 The only evangelical school for hoys and young men in Bulgaria 
 
 TURKEY 
 
 International College, Smyrna, 
 
 Youngest of the mission colleges in Turkey. Established 
 1891. Enrollment, 340 young men, of whom 220 are in the 
 college department. Teachers, 24. The Greeks predominate, 
 although there are Armenian, Turkish, Albanian, Jewish, and 
 
 [n] 
 
other races numbered among the student body. A new and 
 commanding site has been purchased for the college, which 
 has outgrown the old one, and funds are in hand to erect new 
 and commodious buildings. Incorporated in Massachusetts. 
 
 A meric (m Collegiate Institute for Girls , Smyrna 
 
 306 students, of whom 120 are in the collegiate department. 
 Of the students, 141 are Armenian, 108 Greek, and the rest 
 Turkish, Jewish, etc. 18 teachers, besides the missionaries. 
 
 Anatolia College , Marsovan 
 
 Two days’ journey inland from Samsoun, upon the southern 
 shore of the Black Sea. Established 1886. Enrollment, 270 
 young men, of whom 72 are in the college department. 23 
 teachers. The students are Greeks, Armenians, Russians, Per¬ 
 sians, Turks, Jews, etc. The college occupies a large site on the 
 edge of the important city of Marsovan, and is now erecting 
 new buildings necessary to accommodate its rapidly increasing 
 membership. Incorporated in Massachusetts. 
 
 On the 
 Football 
 Field 
 
 A mingling of races at sport as in study , Central Turkey College , Aintab 
 Western Turkey Theological Seminary , Marsovan 
 
 For the training of pastors, evangelists, and preachers for 
 the western part of the Turkish empire. It is connected with 
 Anatolia College. 
 
 Euphrates College , Harpoot 
 
 Fifteen days’ journey from Samsoun, or fourteen from 
 Alexandretta upon the Mediterranean, in the Euphrates valley 
 
 [ 12 ] 
 

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in the highlands of Armenia. For both boys and girls. Estab¬ 
 lished 1878. Teachers, 42. 802 students, of whom 209 are in 
 the college grades, 84 being girls. Its pupils are mostly Arme¬ 
 nians. Incorporated in Massachusetts. 
 
 Eastern Turkey Theological Seminary , Harpoot 
 
 For training pastors, evangelists, and preachers for the 
 Eastern Turkey Mission. 
 
 Central Turkey College for Boys , A intab 
 
 Four days by caravan from Alexandretta upon the Mediter¬ 
 ranean. Founded 1876. 179 students, with 20 teachers. The 
 students are Armenians, Syrians, and Turks. The native lan¬ 
 guage is Turkish. Incorporated in Massachusetts. 
 
 St. Paul’s Institute , Tarsus 
 
 In the native city of the Apostle Paul. Founded 1888. 
 Teachers, 16. 254 students (young men), of whom 82 are in 
 the college department. 
 
 Central Turkey 
 College for 
 Girls 
 Mar ash 
 
 Opening a door of vision and of new life to the womanhood of a wide and dreary land 
 
 Central Turkey College for Girls , Marash 
 
 Five days northeast from Mersinetipon the Mediterranean. 
 Founded 1882. Teachers, 9. 185 students, 83 of whom are in 
 the college department. More than one-ninth are Moslems 
 and nearly all the rest are Armenians. The only college for 
 girls for a population numbering many millions. 
 
 [14] ! 
 
Central Turkey Theological Seminary , Mar ash 
 
 Three years’ course, only college graduates admitted. For 
 training pastors and preachers for the Central Turkey Mission. 
 
 Mardin Theological Seminary , Mardin 
 
 In the northern part of Mesopotamia. The language of this 
 school is Arabic and the graduates work in Mesopotamia, 
 Arabia, Syria, and Egypt. 
 
 INDIA 
 
 Ahmednagar Theological Seminary , Ahmednagar 
 
 150 miles inland from Bombay upon the highlands of the 
 Deccan. Trains preachers for the Marathi-speaking districts 
 of India. 
 
 The American College , Madura , in the Madras Presidency 
 
 Founded as a college 1881. Teachers, 75. 695 students 
 
 (young men), of whom 73 are in the college courses. Another 
 preparatory department and normal school at Pasumalai, 
 three miles away, has nearly as many pupils. The college is 
 affiliated with the Madras University, and is incorporated 
 under the laws of New York State. 
 
 Pasumalai Theological Seminary , near Madura 
 
 Trains for the ministry in the Tamil-speaking portions of 
 India; the training school for the Madura Mission. 
 
 Bangalore Theological Seminary , Bangalore 
 
 An interdenominational seminary supported by five differ¬ 
 ent missionary societies, aiming to train only college men for 
 the Christian ministry in all India and Ceylon. 
 
 CEYLON 
 
 Jaffna College (boys), Jaffna , Ceylon 
 
 Located in the Jaffna peninsula, upon the northern end of 
 the island. 136 students from 21 high schools. Incorporated 
 in Massachusetts and in Ceylon. 
 
 CHINA 
 
 Foochow College for Boys , Foochow , China 
 
 Thirty miles up the river Min, at the capital of the Fukien 
 Province. 280 students, with 23 teachers. Confers academic 
 degrees. Incorporated in Massachusetts. 
 
 [15] 
 
A PAGE OF COLLEGE PRESIDENTS 
 
 Rev. William M. Zumbro 
 American College , Madura, India 
 
 Rev. Howard S. Galt 
 North China (Union) College 
 Peking 
 
 Rev. John E. Merrill, Pli.I). 
 Central Turkey College, Aintab 
 
 Miss Elsie M. Garretson 
 Foochow Girls' College 
 
 Thomas I). Christie, I). I). 
 St. Paid's Institute, Tarsus 
 Turkey 
 
 John P. Jones, T).(D. 
 Theological Seminary 
 Pasumalai, India 
 
 Alexander MacLachlan, 1). 1). 
 International College 
 Smyrna, Turkey 
 
 Charles C. Tracy, T).D. 
 Anatolia College 
 Marsovan, Turkey 
 
Foochow GirlCollege , Ponasang , Foochow 
 
 121 students, of whom 23 are in college grade. 16 teachers. 
 Ponasang is a populous suburb of Foochow, outside the walls. 
 
 Foochow Theological Seminary , Foochow 
 
 A union seminary for training men for the Christian minis¬ 
 try in the large area in which the Foochow dialect is spoken, 
 and for three missions. 
 
 Shaowu Theological School , Shaowu 
 
 250 miles up the Min River from Foochow. For training 
 men for the Christian ministry in Shaowu dialect-speaking 
 districts. 
 
 North China Union College for Boys , Tungchow 
 
 Twelve miles from Peking. Teachers, 14. 142 students, 
 of whom 88 are in college work. Supported by three missions. 
 
 North China Union Medical College for Men , Peking 
 
 115 students. A five years’ course. Supported by six or 
 seven societies and missions and recognized by the Chinese 
 government. 
 
 North China Union Medical College for Women , Peking 
 
 Recently established. 
 
 [17] 
 
North China Union Women's College and Bridgman Academy, Peking 
 
 105 students, 12 in the college department. Students come 
 from eight different missions and from as many provinces and 
 from Korea. 
 
 North China Union Theological College, [Peking 
 
 Supported and taught by three missions. Prepares students 
 for the Christian ministry in three denominations in North 
 China. 
 
 The i Women's College and Teachers' Residence, Peking 
 
 JAPAN 
 
 The Doshisha, Kyoto 
 
 Founded 1875. For both boys and girls. Teachers, 62. 
 967 students in all departments; 80 in college and 159 in the 
 girls’ department. Controlled by a board of trustees in Japan. 
 Trains men and women for all walks of life in the empire. 
 
 Doshisha Theological Seminary, Kyoto 
 
 Trains men for the Christian ministry in all parts of the 
 country and for the Japanese in the Hawaiian Islands. 
 
 Kobe College for Girls, Kobe 
 
 Founded 1875. The highest grade Christian school for 
 girls in Japan. Teachers, 17. 215 students, 18 in the college 
 department. 
 
 [ 18] 
 
Entrance to Kobe College for Girls, Japan 
 
 1 , Chapel. 
 
 The Doshisha 
 
 2, Science Building. 
 
 3. Theological Building 
 
The 
 Cabinet 
 Making Class 
 Amanzimtoti 
 South Africa 
 
 Three hours a day of manual labor are required of each boy at Amanzimtoti; of this time, ten 
 hours a week are spent in shop work or actual farm instruction, the balance being devoted to the 
 upkeep of the premises 
 
 AFRICA 
 
 Amanzimtoti Seminary and Normal School for Boys , Amanzimtoti 
 
 Teachers, 6. 134 students. Prepares for the Theological 
 Seminary and for positions as teachers. Supported and con¬ 
 trolled by the United Free Church of Scotland and the Amer¬ 
 ican Board. 
 
 Union Theological College , Impolweni , Natal 
 
 Supported and controlled by the United Free Church of 
 
 Scotland and the American Board. It trains men for the 
 
 Christian ministry in South Africa. 
 
 •/ 
 
 MEXICO 
 
 Coleg io Internacional , Guadalajara 
 
 Located in the capital of Jalisco, the second largest city 
 in Mexico. Teachers, 3. 50 pupils. A training school for 
 young men, with theological, preparatory, and commercial 
 departments. Students come from all parts of the Republic 
 and are prepared for Christian service for the entire country. 
 
 [ 20 1 
 
SUMMARY 
 
 T TENT I ON is called to the fact that of the 
 thirty-three institutions named above, nineteen 
 are collegiate and fourteen theological. Five 
 are for girls alone and one is for both, hut in 
 entirely separate departments. As to coun¬ 
 tries: two are in Bulgaria, eleven in Turkey, 
 nine in China, five in India and Ceylon, three in Japan, two 
 in Africa, and one in Mexico. The largest number are in those 
 two great countries now undergoing fundamental constitu¬ 
 tional changes, namely, Turkey and China. 
 
 Besides those institutions before 
 named, Robert College and the 
 American College for Girls at Con¬ 
 stantinople and the Syrian Protes¬ 
 tant College at Beirut were the direct 
 outgrowth of the work of missions, 
 the two last named colleges having 
 been established by the American 
 Board. Two other high schools, the 
 one at Mardin in Mesopotamia and 
 the other at Van, near the Persian 
 border upon the east, are knocking 
 hard at the college door for admis¬ 
 sion. The Academy of the Shansi 
 Memorial Association at Taiku, 
 
 Shansi, a part of the mission work, 
 contemplates early advance to the 
 dignity of a college. 
 
 All these colleges, with their preparatory departments, 
 have over 7,000 students under instruction, and the theolog¬ 
 ical schools 178 young men in preparation for the Christian 
 ministry. These students are from every rank of society, with 
 a large and increasing proportion from the higher and official 
 classes. Few if any are graduated without positions of influ¬ 
 ence and responsibility awaiting them. 
 
 President Emeritus of the North 
 China Union College , Tungcliow, 
 and Prof ess or of Political Science 
 
 Devello Z. 
 Sheffield. D. L). 
 
 [21 ] 
 
LANGUAGES USED 
 
 Permit 
 of Euphrates 
 Collage 
 Press 
 
 Issued by the Reform Government of 
 Turkey in 1908 
 
 The languages used by the 
 students trained in these higher 
 educational institutions, and 
 which they will use in their 
 later life and through which they 
 will influence the world, include 
 Bulgarian, Turkish, Armenian, 
 Greek, Arabic, Marathi, Tamil, 
 Mandarin, Foochow and Shaowu 
 dialects, Japanese, Zulu, and 
 Spanish—the languages used by 
 more than one-half the entire 
 non-Christian populations of the 
 world. The classical languages 
 of the spoken vernaculars are 
 taught to many, while it is re¬ 
 quired that all students shall 
 learn to read and write English. 
 
 SOURCE OF MINISTERS AND TEACHERS 
 Of the 5,000 native Christian workers in our twenty mis¬ 
 sions, nearly all were trained in one or more of these schools. 
 Many who are doing conspicuous Christian service in other 
 missions and in government positions, or as independent lead¬ 
 ers, came from these same institutions. Without these trained 
 workers our missions could not be continued. In addition, a 
 vast number of Christian leaders in various professions and 
 trades owe their powers of Christian leadership to these 
 colleges. 
 
 SOME SIGNIFICANT FACTS 
 Mission schools Introduced Modern Education into 
 Africa and the East. 
 
 They have trained the Men and Women who are Exert¬ 
 ing Dominant Influence today in social, national, moral, 
 and religious reforms. 
 
 The colleges here named have a long and Well-established 
 Record. 
 
 [ 22 ] 
 
They are Strategically Located in the great centers of 
 population and influence. 
 
 They have the Approval and Support of all classes of 
 natives in the lands where located. 
 
 From one-half to five-sixths of their expenses are met from 
 Local and Independent Sources. 
 
 They are providing the teachers who are to 
 Instruct the New East in modern ways 
 of thinking and living. 
 
 Many of the college Plants Are Large 
 and Commanding, the best institutions of 
 their kind in the country. 
 
 All are Crowded with Eager Students 
 from the best classes, and many are con¬ 
 stantly refusing to admit others for the want 
 of accommodations. 
 
 There is Hardly Any Limit to the 
 Influence these schools might exert were 
 they properly equipped and supported. 
 
 The Christian Church in the East is 
 Absolutely Dependent upon these institu¬ 
 tions for its leadership and supremacy. 
 
 For the erection of buildings and for the 
 support of these colleges and seminaries, 
 the same amount of money will Accomplish 
 from Five to Ten Times as Much as in the United States. 
 
 Through these American Christian institutions we can put 
 the stamp of our best civilization upon the thought and life 
 of the East, and so insure the Permanency of the New 
 Order that is emerging and guarantee the permanent Peace 
 of the Nations. 
 
 WORTHY SUPPORT 
 
 Hitherto, all these theological schools and, with only a few 
 partial exceptions, all the colleges have depended for their 
 support from America upon an annual appropriation from 
 the treasury of the Board. This method was wise and satis¬ 
 factory in their earlier and somewhat experimental days; now 
 that they have become thoroughly established and the perma¬ 
 nent value and supreme significance of their work have been 
 demonstrated, other provision must be made for them. 
 
 [ 23 ] 
 
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 China 
 
INFLUENCE OVER 
 RACES, NATIONS, AND RELIGIONS 
 
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 The periodical published at Euphrates College , 
 Harpoot , Turkey; edited by the Faculty, sup¬ 
 ported by the Alumni, and spreading the in¬ 
 fluences of the college arid of Christian journal¬ 
 ism over a icicle and needy field 
 
 There are no institutions 
 of learning in this country 
 that reach so many stu 
 dents and at the same time 
 exert so wide an influence 
 over races, nations, and re¬ 
 ligions as do these mission 
 colleges and seminaries. 
 There are no institutions of 
 their size, character, and im¬ 
 portance that are conducted 
 at so little comparative ex¬ 
 pense. The income of an 
 endowment required by 
 some of our best American 
 universities for a single pro¬ 
 fessorship would be suffi¬ 
 cient to meet all the charges 
 of many of these colleges 
 and theological schools. 
 Other expenses affecting 
 the cost of living are corre¬ 
 spondingly low. 
 
 ENDOWMENT NEEDED 
 
 All this can be accomplished only through endowments in¬ 
 vested in the United States under the care of the Prudential 
 Committee, or of separate boards of trustees. The American 
 Board is desirous of securing adequate endowments for each 
 one of these institutions separately, or to establish a fund the 
 annual income of which will be sufficient to provide for their 
 necessities. It would prefer that the money be given to the 
 Board as an “endowment for its higher educational work,” 
 leaving the responsibility to the Prudential Committee for the 
 distribution of this income among the various institutions. 
 
 [ 24 ] 
 
CO MPARATIVE OPPORT UNITY 
 
 In the face of these facts and a multitude more like them 
 that might be given, it certainly cannot be declared visionary 
 or extravagant that the American Board should seek for an 
 endowment of $2,000,000 for nineteen collegiate and fourteen 
 theological institutions in widely remote regions of the earth, 
 and standing at centers of the greatest international, educa¬ 
 tional, and evangelistic movement of the century. 
 
 PERMANENT 
 
 These institutions have passed the experimental stage. Each 
 one is established in its own country among its own constitu¬ 
 ency as a permanent part, and the crown of the Christian 
 educational work of the churches and of the mission. Some of 
 them have been doing magnificent work for more than half a 
 century. 
 
 North China 
 ( Union ) 
 Medical College 
 Peking 
 
 NON-COMPETITIVE 
 
 They are not competing with similar institutions of other 
 denominations, but each has a distinct field and constituency 
 of its own. In most cases they furnish the only opportunity 
 offered to the youth of their territory for a higher Christian 
 
 [ 25 ] 
 
 A u arsenal of defense to China against the scourge of plague in 1910 
 
education. In many instances, where other denominations 
 are near, they have already become interdenominational in 
 character, support, and control. 
 
 RELATION TO NATIONAL UPHEAVALS 
 
 It is of great significance that after constitutional govern¬ 
 ment was proclaimed for Turkey in the summer of 1908, the 
 leaders of that movement were united in their repeated declara¬ 
 tion that they recognized the work the American mission col¬ 
 leges had been doing in that 
 country for the last half century 
 as the necessary foundation and 
 safeguard of a constitutional 
 form of government. 
 
 The same facts have repeat¬ 
 edly come to light in China dur¬ 
 ing the struggle for the over¬ 
 throw of the Manchu throne and 
 the erection of a republican form 
 of constitutional government. 
 The leader in the revolution, 
 Dr. Sun Yat Sen, was himself 
 trained in a mission school, and 
 Yuan Sliih Kai is a firm be¬ 
 liever in the Western learning 
 carried to that country and made 
 indigenous by the missionaries. 
 Thousands of the leaders were 
 trained in mission schools. 
 
 ALREADY ACHIEVED 
 
 In October, 1907, the American Board took action favoring 
 an endowment for its collegiate and theological institutions in 
 the East. Upon the last day of December that same year, the 
 Prudential Committee appointed a special sub-committee for 
 the purpose of furthering the plan. 
 
 It is gratifying to report that before the close of 1911 
 the American Board had received $1,112,000 towards the 
 $2,000,000 endowment, besides $100,000 that was sent directly 
 
 [ 26 ] 
 
 The 
 
 Seismograph 
 of Asiatic 
 Turkey 
 
 Installed at Euphrates College, Harpoot; 
 devised and constructed by Rev. Harry H. 
 Riggs, when president of the college in 
 1907. The data it has secured, obtainable 
 nowhere else, has brought the college to the 
 favorable notice of scientific men in many 
 
 
 ’•let f\T 1 /) /I 
 
 
 in 
 
At St. Paul's Institute, Tarsus, in 1910 
 
 A new hall has since been built, meeting some of the more des¬ 
 perate needs of equipmen t. The lowest of the above pictures shows' 
 the students drawing stone for that building ; the two above it 
 represent “ our best classroom ” and “ a dormitory 
 
to the college to which it was given, $157,000 for new sites and 
 buildings, and $100,000 in addition pledged, to be paid when 
 it will complete the $2,000,000 sought. Thus the capital of the 
 Higher Educational Work of the Board has been increased in 
 three years, by direct gifts of the living, $1,369,000, with 
 $100,000 yet to be paid. $1,000,000 of this sum, named “The 
 D. Willis James Foundation,” was provided by Mrs. D. Willis 
 James and Arthur Curtiss James. 
 
 It is of supreme importance that an endowment fund that 
 will yield at least $150,000 annually be secured. The limit set 
 four years ago will no longer suffice with the rapidly increas¬ 
 ing demands in Turkey and China. While special emphasis is 
 here placed upon the imperative need of endowments, there are 
 other necessities which are hardly less urgent. 
 
 OTHER THAN ENDOWMENTS 
 
 Buildings and additions to the plants in many instances are 
 imperative. The phenomenal growth of some of these colleges 
 demands corresponding expenditures upon new accommoda¬ 
 tions. Some of the immediate and pressing demands are as 
 follows: 
 
 Collegiate and Theological Institute, Samokov , Bulgaria 
 
 Administration building. $30,000 
 
 Dormitory. 12,000 
 
 Two teachers’ residences. 8,000 
 
 American Collegiate Institute for Girls, Smyrna 
 
 Administration building. $40,000 
 
 Residences for teachers. 12,000 
 
 Anatolia College, Marsovan 
 
 Theological seminary building, additional, $8,000 
 
 Preparatory department, college. 15,000 
 
 Dormitory, college. 20,000 
 
 Euphrates College, Harpoot 
 
 Administration building and library. $30,000 
 
 Dormitories. 14,000 
 
 President’s house and professors’. 9,000 
 
 Science building. 12,000 
 
 [ 28 ] 
 
Central Turkey College, Aintab 
 
 Preparatory department. $20,000 
 
 Dormitory. 12,000 
 
 President’s house. 5,000 
 
 St. Paul's Institute, Tarsus 
 
 Central building. $18,000 
 
 Theological Seminary, Mar ash 
 
 Central building and library. $12,000 
 
 American College, Madura, India 
 
 Dormitory, additional . $6,000 
 
 Professor’s house. 6,000 
 
 Equipment . 8,000 
 
 Bangalore Theological Seminary, Bangalore 
 
 Professor’s house. $5,000 
 
 Administration building, in part. 10,000 
 
 Foochow College (boys), Foochow, China 
 
 Addition to site. $10,000 
 
 Science hall and equipment... 18,000 
 
 Library . 12,000 
 
 North China Union College, Tang chow 
 
 Preparatory department. $20,000 
 
 Doshisha, Kyoto, Japan 
 
 Administration building . $30,000 
 
 Colegio Internacional, Guadalajara, Mexico 
 
 Professor’s house. $4,000 
 
 Faculty Avenue 
 at Tungcliow 
 
 A view from the tower of the North China (Union) College 
 
 [ 20 ] 
 
The contemplated col¬ 
 leges at Van and Mardin 
 in Turkey, and at Taiku 
 in Shansi, China, will re¬ 
 quire for each at the start 
 an average expenditure 
 for sites and new build¬ 
 ings of about $25,000. 
 This would be sufficient 
 to start them off with a 
 fair equipment. The 
 sums named above will 
 erect and equip buildings 
 for their respective insti¬ 
 tutions which in this coun¬ 
 try would cost from five 
 to ten times as much. 
 With the four hundred 
 eighty-one thousand dol- 
 lbstantial and satisfactory 
 buildings can be put up that would cost in the United States 
 over $3,000,000. 
 
 FAR-REACHING INFLUENCE 
 
 For bringing to bear upon non-Christian nations the most 
 lasting influences of Christianity, and for building into the life 
 of those nations that which we most value in our own civiliza¬ 
 tion, these institutions hold preeminent positions. 
 
 At the Annual Meeting of the Board held in Cleveland, 
 Ohio, in October, 1907, the following action was taken: 
 Resolved , That we urge upon laymen of means the 
 importance of endowment for our collegiate and 
 theological institutions in the Fast, upon which de¬ 
 pends so fully the advance, self-support, and self¬ 
 propagation of the direct and permanent work of 
 evangelization. 
 
 Any of the officers of the Board or member of the Committee 
 on the Higher Educational Work would be glad to confer with 
 those who may wish to make further inquiries or answer any 
 questions that may be asked. 
 
 [ 30 ] 
 
 A 
 
 Magician's 
 Wand 
 in China 
 
 lars ($481,000) called for here, si 
 
A FORM FOR LEGACIES 
 
 I give and bequeath to the American Board of Commission¬ 
 ers for Foreign Missions, incorporated in Massachusetts in 
 
 1812, $-—-—-, as a permanent endowment fund, the 
 
 income only to be used for the support and conduct of 
 the higher educational work of said Board. 
 
 A RESIDUARY BEQUEST 
 
 I give and bequeath to the American Board of Commission¬ 
 ers for Foreign Missions, incorporated in Massachusetts in 
 1812, all the rest and residue of my estate, both real and 
 personal, as a permanent endowment fund, the income only to 
 be used for the support and conduct of the higher educational 
 work of said Board. 
 
 ANOTHER RESIDUARY BEQUEST 
 
 1 give and bequeath to the American Board of Commission¬ 
 ers for Foreign Missions, incorporated in Massachusetts in 
 1812, all the rest and residue of my estate, both real and 
 personal, for the higher educational work of the Board, to be 
 used at the discretion of the Prudential Committee of said 
 Board. 
 
 [ 31 ] 
 
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