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AUTHOR KNAPP, CHARLES TITLE: NOTES ON ETIAM IN PLAUTUS PLACE: [NEW YORK] DA TE : [1911?] ;• COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT CIDLIOGRAPIIICMICROrORMTARnFT Master Negative it Original Material as Filmed - Existing Bibliographic Record Restrictions on Use: BKS/IT-MJU Rooks IN \U NYC + FUL/BfB NYC(i9/-B7/Sl AcquiGi Lions HIN \u NY(:G9'^-H9/'>i - Rccot <\ 1 of 1 - Kecord updated today ID:NYCU92-B975i CC:9668 BL I ram CP: nyu PC:s MMD: 100 i 245 10 260 300 LOG QD OCF :? i N I : ? RlYPza C3C:? GPC:v REP:? ST:p MOU: BIO:? CPl:? UM: RR: FRN: SNR: FIG:? FSl:? COL: MS EL AlC CON ILC EML ??? 9??? L : eriq F'D:19ii/ 0\<: POL: Kriapp, Charles. Notes on Etiam in Plau tus^ir microform] . }:cBy Charles Knapp I New Yor K.,rbCoiunibia University, fcl9il? j . p, ilo-16'/. ORh:^ 02-11 -•:>2 NYCG-PT A0:02-ll-92 00:02-12-92 II:? GEN: BSE: TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA REDUCTION RATIO: ^/^, FILM SIZE: IMAGE PLACEMENT: lA (112) IB IIB DATE FILMED: ////^J^^g^_^ INITIALS r^^iA FILMED BY: RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS. INC WOODBRIDGE7gT E \ Association for Information and Image Management 1100 Wayne Avenue, Suite 1100 Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 301/587-8202 Centimeter 12 3 4 I I ! till I till I lltll lllll I I M I ill I I I I I I llljljl 1 Inches iiiiiiiiiii 6 7 8 9 10 11 iiIiiiiIiiiiIiiiiImiiIiiiiIiiiiIiiiiIiiiiIiiiiIiiiiIiiii \ I I I 1.0 I.I 1.25 I I I I I I 3 TTT 12 13 14 15 mm lllllllllllllll I Mllllllllllllllll «^ u 2.8 32 36 40 1.4 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 I I I I 5 I 1 MflNUFflCTURED TO PIIM STPNOflRDS BY fiPPLIED IMPGE, INC. Extracted from Transactiotis of the American Philological Association^ Vol. XLi, 191 1. IX. — Notes on Edam in Plantus By Professor CHARLES KNAPP COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY In The American Journal of Philology, xviii (1897), 26-42, Professor W. H. Kirk published an article on etiam in Plau- tus and Terence. In this he (i) advanced a new etymology of etiam, and (2), helped by that etymology, gave a logical classification of the meanings of the word. A comparison of the paper with previous notes and comments will show how great an advance Mr. Kirk had made. However, the paper is imperfect in arrangement, confused, and hard to use. This is true especially of page 34, in the discussion of etiam and diim, together or apart, with a nega- tive word ; some passages there given do not show etiam at all. Mr. Kirk used only the Triumvirate text, the least relia- ble of the important texts of Plautus ; he gave no heed to variant readings. He misinterprets, I think, some passages and frequently does not sufficiently defend his classification. Finally, Mr. Kirk's paper has been little studied, to the det- riment of Plautine and Terentian scholarship. ^ The sources of the present paper are (i) Mr. Kirk's article, (2) special studies made while I was preparing the article etiam for Professor Lodge's Lexicon Plantinum? Its merits will lie, it is hoped, (i) in the heed given to text-variations, (2) in the better classification and arrangement, (3) in the interpretation of individual passages, (4) in the comments.^ 1 For errors about etiam prior to 1897 see eg. Palmer on Am. i, i, 215; i, 3, 46, Gray on As. 677, 714, Wagner on Au. 307, Fabia on Ad. 550, and Mr. Kirk, pp. 36-38. For defective notes since 1897 see e.g. Lindsay (ed. min.) and Elmer on' r^A 556, Morris on rW. 514, Sonnenschein'-^ o^ Mo. \\Z2,Ru. 467, Ballentine on Ilanton. 235. 2 Pages 539-544 (1911)- The examples of etiam were supplied to me by Professor Lodge. The arrangement is mine, after Mr. Kirk, but with very many differences (only a part of which I notice in passing . The comments are also mostlv mine. Few of these appear in the Lexicon. There is no room in a lexicon for such comments, especially in a work already so space-consuming as Professor Lodge's book. it6 Charles Knapp [1910 Vol. xli] Notes on Etiain in Plautus 117 Some preliminary remarks will make the classification and the comments more intelligible, and will explain the frequency of cross-references within the classification.! Professor Kirk began (26) by declaring, after Kiihner, that etiam was originally a temporal particle, "the particle of con- tinuance in time " He doubted the "derivation from et iam Neither lain nor ctiam . . . suffers us to feel action as stationary : both . . . mark the flow of action." Later U'' n I ), he refers with approval to an article m Rh. Mns. LI (1896), 70 ff-. in which Birt maintained that ctiam was derived from cti = m + iam, with temporal sense (107-108). For etiam temporal compare As. 921-923 surge amator, 1 domum. » NuUus sum. « Immo es . . . At e. cubat.^ In the temporal sense ctiam belongs with a verb, usually clinging close to it in position. In affirmative sentences the tense of the verb is commonly present or future. Sometimes a con- trast between a past tense and a present tense or between a past (present) and a future, of the same or equivalent verbs, helps to fix the meaning of etiam. The meaning of the verb, too must be considered. Sometimes when a past tense is used, that tense is made possible because the expression is interpretable in terms of another containing a present tense. See e.g. A 5. In time the temporal sense begins to yield to other mean- ings. A natural development is the additory, ' also,' sense, ^rmany examples of this meaning etiam retains in part its temporal force. Compare Ps. 735 e. opust chlamyde, etc. In 724-733 Chrysalus had cited two needs. Ao-ain. the temporal force passes into iterative meaning, 1 No two critics would agree about all the passages. 2 Wakle pavs no heed to this derivation. But it seems to me correct, in so far as it refers etiam to a root identical with that of Uu Lindsay, in his - Bericht iiber Plautus 189^-1905 ('9o6) " in \^^x^^^^^^. Jahresbericht^ CXXX.x, 208 mentums Bin's paper, apparently with approval. On p. 230 he dismisses Mr. Kirk s article in two lines 1- See also Mr. Kirk's paper, " Uber etiam und etiam nunc, in Archiv, XI, 213-220. , . , , 3 To get the force of etiam it is often necessary to read in the large, going back over several (many) lines. -The character «, superimposed, indicates change of speaker. itenim, riirsus, denno. Here, too, it is often easy to see the temporal force still inhering. Cf. Am. 366-369 compositis mendaciis advenisti . . ., consutis dolis. ^ Immc . . . tuni- cis consutis. ... ^ At mentiris e. ('still,' 'again'): certo pedibus, non tunicis venis. Sosia's first ' lie' was at 361-365. Further, out of the temporal force springs readily intensive meaning, 'even.' Cf. Tri. 248 non satis id est mah ni am- plius e.. Per. 552 hau potui e. in primo verbo perspicere sapientiam ('while she was still saying her first word,' 'even in her first remark'), Jllo. 299, 827. Lastly, in a very few passages, etiaju has vis affirmativa. Examples showing both temporal and affirmative force are Am. 544 Numquid vis ? ' Etiam (est quod volo), Mcr. 816 e. nunc mulier intus est } ^ Etiam. The list of variant readings now given is that prepared by Professor Lodge himself for the article etiam in his Lexicon Plautijuim} Variae lectt. : Am. 381, etitiam E \ 745. ^''^ J i^^"^^ LindRglU ; 773, om U\ 814, etiam LuchsRgl pro haec iam. As. 440, ei iam E, Au, 55, etiam om B altero loco; 565, etiam Z^uel BrugmanriRg^ BD et / ei Griit^ ; 614, etiam atque ojn D; fr Y, etiam add WagnerRg. Bd. 216, etiam iferat B^ \ 5^5, ^^^'^ SeyGs, om PURgLy\L\ 954, aiitem BoR fuit U\ 1025, orare etiam R pro opsecrare; io()2, om BcrmRLLy; 1161, om C; i iGj, iam I/crmR. Cap. 664, etiam add Rs. Cas. 924, etiam C/ e*** Pip. 0\ 522, etiam A om PU \ 757, etiam ^dimidiam 7?i-Zj' *** iam PGs iam'z ; 775, etiam RsGs et P^^. Cii. 612, etiam PGs^ULy mihi iam P'RglL. Men. 158, etiam ct q. s. om CD ; 320, etiam add R : 398, etiam CD' sed iam B s' iam I?' ; 1042, uel ille qui rpro etiam hie. Mcr. 29, om ParRRg; 595, tamen etiamst Stamen demsi FGs-\ tarn dempsi CD var em »// ; 732, etiam ZR iam Ryl^Gs. Mi. 1014, etiam sic BoR etiam sed CD et etiam s' B et celas et A ut vidyp. Mo. 383, eccam D' ; 741, etiam U etia C eia BD heia 1 Some abbreviations, used throughout the paper as well as here, perhaps nee^ explanation. R = Ritschl; Rgl = fabulae a Goetzio et Loewio editae; Rg = fabulae a Goet/do editae; Rs = fabulae a Schoellio editae; Gs = the Teubner text; L=:Leo; Ly = Lindsay; U = Ussing; Bo = Bothe; Ca = Cameranusj (kut = Gruter; Herm = Hermann; Lind = Lindemann; Par = Bareus; Py - Pylades; Sarac = Saracenus; Sey = Seyffert; ^ = reliqui editores. ii8 Charles Knapp [1910 A^ V see! Rs ; 827, etian A. Per. 145. etiam D ut ii C ciam B; ItZ etia. .J>. PS. 566, ego iam P. R^'.^^l, e-- ^• 5 C7I etiam Bo it iam ^ id iam CD ; 698, et .an B. T,u. 30, ScL'/f.; .07, es etiam ^ set iam ^sed iam C/P; ^'VrTr X ^.« P <^lit^r A^ ; 5^6, eliam B iam CZ? ; etiam men PG.^ exa- men^..//Z67:v.^^'; 539, et iam Rs ; 88., an >-" «'^'" ^ iam /> var em ^ ; 898, etia B ; 91°, -ddam et.am unam L po.t Ca et Bo ad omnae (omne CD) PGs^ var em ^ ; 939. s. et.am me s. PGs^Lx\ var em RsL. Fr I. i i 5, om A l\o,m(,ex Aon 334)- tli .• J/.«. 93, etiam B^ tiam ^' .am CD prolan. ./. xa.o etL/'eam5.;-... Ps- .gi.etiam ^/.. et ^^) 93^, efam r^.. ^ ; .... dem et iam ^ idem etiam D .dem C,.. de ..e iam (C.). ^- 58^. etiam .o pectore a (B) ■ 947 etia nam P pro et lanam (C.). pro et.am «/./../ ecLn i;. / ;..v, C- u,nelj; ,tiam ..../ .. ^ ./ C .. iP W varus locis aetiam semel D, A Etiam with temporal force, ' still,' ' noch ' ; see p. 1 16 : I. With present tense : {a) indicative : As. 923 : P • • iS. As .27 Non vides me . . . anhelitt.m e. di.cere ? Cf. 264, 267. 200 307. As. 38-41 despuas . . . usque excrea. ' Et.amne ? » usque ex penitis faucibus : e. amplius. » Nam quo usque' » Usque ad mortem volo. If usque were not pres- ent, etianinel could be interpreted as 'Again?' (C i), and cHam amplius as ' even more ' (D 5). [Temporal-.ntens.ye : K •'Q-W^l Cas. 368 perpcram iam dudum . . . tabuior. t Pol tu qilidem atque e. facis. See 365-367- The contrast of tenses is decisive. [Additory : K 30-31-] Cu.172 Hoc etiamst quam ob rem cupiam vivere, ' I still have this (= in her) reason for wanting,' etc. (not, ' there is a further rea- . In each large group I put first examples in which but a single meaning is (na. allv. possLe' La.er come ' composite ' passages ('"ose w -ch may e ,nU under m^re than one head). In such groups, aga.n, the place "f/'"" - '^"^';;; it precedes or follows the verb, noun, etc., is next to ,t or separated from it - and the nature of the verb, etc., help to determine the arrangement ■i To sive space, I commonly refer in this wav to the views of Mr. K.rk, qucnr 10 save space, / iKn to save soace, where there seems no honoris tantum ubique causa nommo. Also to save space, doubt ab.ut the classification, and I have no specal comment '" " f'';- f ' frequently merely give the reference. The Teubner text, as nearest the M..., .s the basis of the paper. Vol. xli] Notes on Etiam in Plautus 119 son ' ; Phaedromus has mentioned no other reason). Tru. ZZ6 spes etiamst hodie tactum iri militem, a corrupt passage (see Ly). See Zjd^-Z'j^. Buecheler (see L) read tactum iri {itcrum), because Phronesium *' Iam tetigit (militem)." The order is against taking etiam as 'again.' J/f;/. 431 Iam sequar te : hunc volo e. conloqui. [Additory: K 28.] Fs. 1 158 hunc advocare e. volo. Mane modo. This cannot = ' I want to call him in too,' for Ballio wants to talk to Simo alone. He means: 'Wait: I still have something to do {i.e. I must consult Simo).' Etiamst quod huic dicere volo (cf. Men. 43 1 ) is the sense. Am. 374. Ep. 524 is e. sese sapere memorat, 'He asserts that he still has sense.' In 517-521, bracketed in part by the Teubner text, Gray, etc., though not by Ly, the speaker had said, ' I know that I have no wit.' [Additory and untranslat- able : K 32.] Poe. 315 immo, e. in medio oculo . . . sordet. An. 507. Read from 475. Cas. 306. lb. 502 opsonate . . ., nam mihi vicino hoc e. conventost opus. Cf. 490 ff. etiam cannot = * also ' ; the vicinus is not to be at the dinner (484). Mi. 640 aliquantum habeo umoris ... e. in corpore neque dum exarui, an instructive passage, giving the idea, in true Greek fashion, first affirmatively, then negatively. Tru. 1 74 sunt mi e. fundi et aedis. Cf. 164 ff., I75-I77- Spengel's etiamdum (Ly.) is not impressive, since the clause is affirma- tive. See below, A 5. Here possibly, as showing etiam after the verb, belongs .S7. 617, a corrupt passage, ' I think I can still make room.' Read on to 621. See Mr. Kirk, 27,41. Composite(p. 118, n. i)examples: ^;;/. 369: p. ii6,andC i. Am. 1029 e. quis ego sim me rogitas } Cf. 1028, 102 1 ; B 9, C I. Cap. 53 etiamst paucis vos quod monitum volue- rim (the speaker has already uttered many injunctions and requests). * Also ' is possible ; Ly, ed. min., renders by ' one other thing.' See B 6. /^i-. 735 : p. 1 16 ; B i. Tri. 248 : p. 116 ; D 2. (/;) With subjunctive : Tri. 1 136 maneam e. opinor, * I had . . . better wait still.' Mi. 1418 verberetur etiam (cf. C 2). See 1396, 1400 ff., 1404-1406, 1412, 1415; compare espe- cially 1401 (below, e\ 1424 (below, d\ C 2). I20 Charles Knapp [1910 (r) With imperative: Men, 158-159 c- concede . . . e. nunc concede. 'Again' is possible; cf. then C 2 and Mo. 474 circumspice etiam. [Temporal-intensive: K 29.] JA;/. 177. i^d) In vigorous dialogue we find temporal ctiam often in questions: T}i. 572 e. consulis ? Read from 442. Philto pauses after vortat and nunc in 572, hoping for favorable reply. Ep.711. Men. 422. Mcr. 896 Etiam metuis ? So Ly, rightly {cmutuis CD). Charinus is in despair : %^^0-%6^^ At 867 ff., 885 ff., 890, 891 ff., 894-896 Eutychus tries to encourage him ; viuttis (Teubner text) fits the context, but is far less good. Per. 651 emam opinor. ^^ Etiam opinor? * Still un- decided.?' Cf. 493, 523 ff-, 539, 542, 564 ff-, 580, 597, ^oi- efforts to induce the leno to buy. Ru. S77 e. retentas .? So Plesidippus (L and Ly less well give the question to Charmi- des); cf. his words in 852 ff., 859, S67. St. 574. Ba. ^67 etiamne uUro tuis me prolectas probris 1 Separate 7iltro from etiam, and take ultra, as so often, of action that transcends the expected. 562-565 lead up to 567. Mr. Kirk (29) joins etiam . . . ultra, in temporal additory sense. As. 109 Ego eo . . . nisi quid vis. ^ Ei . . . ' Atque audin etiam ? atq?ie is adversative : Lodge, Lex. Plant. 181, under B. Cf. 91-103 for commands of the senex. The whole = ' I have no more to say . . . nay rather listen still,' etiamst quod tibi dicerc volo (cf. Cap. 53 above, i a, at end, page 119). Similar is Tru. 331. Cu. 196 pergin etiam ? Cf. 191. The verb helps us to de- cide for ' still ' rather than for ' again.' Pac. 1224 Pergo e. temptare.? The words of the next speaker. In pauca confer, make for ' still ' (not * again '). Ba, 1 196 Quid agas, rogi- tas etiam } Read from 1 187, marking the change in Nicobu- lus from positive declaration to complete indecision. Composite examples : Cas. 728 Etiamne astas ? Cf. mane vero, 727, and C 4. ^lo. 522 Etiamne astas } So Tranio : cf. his commands in 512 ff. to Theopropides to run. C 4- Am. 376 Etiam clamas .? Cf. 373-374 for shouting, and see B 9. Am. 381 Etiam * muttis ! (U interpreted by nondujn faces f Since Mercury had demanded silence in 376, we may Notes on Etiam in Plant us 121 Vol. xli] compare C 4).^ Per. 827 (in 817. 819, 823, the law had made threats; now he says) Malum ego vobis dabo, ni abitis. « litiam muttis, inpudens ? Cf. C I. Mo. 851 at e. restas ? One imperative, two questions precede this : C 4. Cap. 556 Etiam huic credis? Read from 547. Mr. Kirk (32) thought etiam untranslatable ; it plainly = ' still,' i.e. after my disclaimer in 552-553- I" 554-555. according to the Mss., Hegio had shown himself still (cf. 551) under the domination of Tyndarus. We may also set under B 9, taking the question as repeating <7/«, verbero, 552, though that was said to Tyndarus, our question to Hegio ; Aristophontes is excited. Cas. 749 stasne etiam ? i sis (cf. similar orders m 744 ff , 755: C 4). Mi. 1424 Verberon e. an iam mittis ? Cf. 1401, 1418 (above, i b). iam makes for temporal sense. But 'again' is possible: C I. In Ba 1 188 etiam tu, homo nihili (L, Ly) ? ' What! still refusing ? ' there is an ellipsis. Sc. uon facis, or 7norarts. See above (p. 120) on Ba. 1 196- , Ma: 130 e. asto ? e. cesso? Note in ff., especially Temporal etiavi is combined with other temporal adverbs or conjunctions, though it is logically independent of them. The commonest combination is etiam nunc; nunc defines etiam ; as in en Ka\ vvv, the sense is ' still (even) at this (very) moment ' So in etiam frins, ctiam pnus quam, etc., the second temporal word (phrase, clause), figuring separately, defines the first, etiam being in itself vague. (e\ etiam nunc : («) immediately before the verb : Am. 1081 Mcr 437 e. n. (meus RRgKirk) adnutat (cf. 435, be- low) St. 698 utram tibi lubet etiam * n. capere, cape provin- ciam, ' I'm still willing to let you have your choice now. etc. The order of verses in Fennell, accepted by Mr. Kirk, makes even better for this view. Men. io6. Am. 329. ^«-.I'23 dudum . . . petebas . . . « E. n. peto. Ps. 783. M. .8.. Mer. 816 e. n. mulier intust? "Etiam. Ru. 449 e. n. misera timeo . . . . An asterisk invites the reader to refer back to the list of variant readings on p. 1 1 7 f. 122 Charles Knapp [1910 Men. 158 e. n. concede audacter. See C 2. Mi. 1373 e. n. vale. C 2. With a negative verb : Men. 398 etiam * n. nego. Mi. 518 e. n. nescio. (^) Immediately after the verb : Tri. 594. Tr//. 207 noster es etiam* n. Mer. 435 iubet ... me addere e. n. (B 5). Cf. 437, above, under «. With imperative: Am. 1082 vide e. n. Au. 55 abscede e. n., etiam* n., etiam . . . See C 2 (cf. 40, 46-47* 48-49)- (7) Before the verb, but separated from it : St. ^ji etiam * n. . . . sese ducit. Ci. 307 e. n. . . . possum. Mi. 301 e. n. intus . . . est. Mo. 299, 827: see D 5 ; p. 117. etiam nunc . . . priusquam : Mi. 1339. See C i. etiam . . . nunc : Ajh. 408. Cas. 691 etiamne habet n. Casina gladium ? nunc is here an afterthought. nunc etiam, nunc . . . etiam : Cas. 365 censui . . . et n. e. censeo. Poc. 189. Tni. 520. Mo. 118 n. e. volo dicere. The whole passage = dixi et n. e. dicam. Ps. 610 n. qui- dem e. servio. Am. frag, xv (ex Prise, i, 564) abeundi n. tibi e. occasiost. etiam prius, etiam . . . prius : Cis. 586. See the whole con- text. ]\Ii. 1401 iamne in hominem involo } ^ Immo e. p. ver- beretur. Cf. 1418, 1424. Ba. 221 : D 5. Mer. 386 (cf. 384, 385). Ps. 331. prius etiam, prius . . . etiam : Mer. 568-569 Prius hoc aus- culta . . . : prius etiamst quod te facere ego aequom censeo (note /;7//.y in the first clause; in the second join /////i- with facere, etiam with est ; note position of etiam). [Additory : K 28.] Am. 202 p. ipse mecum e. volo hie meditari. etiamnum : Men. 462 e. reliquiarum spes animum oblectat. Trii. 785 e. . . . falsus incertusque sum. etiam . . . parumper : Mi. 596 cohibete intra limen e. vos. p. etiam amplius : As. 41 ; above, a. etiam . . . ultro : Ba. 567 ; above, d. 2. With the imperfect tense : Rn. 846 etiamne in ara tunc (F Z nunc P) sedebant . . .? 3. With the future tense : Per. 847 dedimus dabimus- Vol. xli] Notes on Etiam in Plant us \2\ que e. Cap. 892 Dubium habebis e., sancte quom ego iurem tibi t Ergasilus had given assurances to Hegio in 872-890. Lindsay (ed. min.) is right, Elmer and Brix^ (19 10) wrong here. Cas. 606 quin e. diu morabor : ' If I talk further, I'll be retarding still further what I want done.' quin has nothing to do with etiam ; since 604 the se7ies have been hurling quin^ at each other. Cu. 453 immo e. porro . . . dicam (sc. tall stories). Au. 805 (' I don't know where to find my slave ') nisi e. hie opperiar tamen paulisper. JSIcn. 922 Mane modo : e. percontabor alia. ^ Occidis fabulans. So the Triumvirate edition, L, Ly, giving an excellent and simple text. The Teubner text is absurd. The sense approaches the additory : B 6. Ps. 524 priusquam istam pugnam pugnabo, ego e. prius dabo aliam pugnam. See also B 4. 4. With the perfect tense: Mi. 1142 At parum e. (derun- cinavit militem), 'There's still some planing ... to be done.' 5. In negative sentences : {a) with the present tense (com- pare and yet contrast Men. 398, Mi. 518, above, e, a, at end. There the negative is inherent in the verb itself): Ps. 567, St. 356 nihil e. scio. Per. 231 baud e. es octoginta pondo. Tru. 526 neque etiam * queo pedibus ambulare (= atque . . . adhuc nequeo ambulare. Read from 516; the presents in 525-526 mark the continuance of Phronesium's suffering, of which the soldier has spoken (516 ff.) as if it were a thing of the past. This consideration and the position of etiam make against the rendering ' I cannot even walk.') Cas. 924 nul- lum muttit e. verbum (U in lac). With present subjunctive: Mi. 99^ quasi non videam neque . . . e. dum sciam. {d) With future tense: Ba. 921 non dabo temere e. prius quam. (r) With perfect tense : Ep. 336 qui numquam e. natus est, *who is still unborn.' This mode of interpretation will else- where readily account for temporal etiam with the perfect tense in negative sentences. Cf. e.g: discussion of Tru. S^6, above, and^of Per. 630, below, both under 5. Frag, i, 115 124 Charles Kjiapp [1910 (ex Non. 334) numquam cum ilia etiam * limavit caput. Per. 128. Am. 248 Numquam e. quicquam adhuc verborumst prolocutus perperam. adJuic helps to fix the sense of etiam. Ru. 959 nihil e. respondit. Per. 630 nihil adhuc pecca- vit e., ' She is still errorless.' Note adJiuc. As. 445 .. . rettulitne? * Non etiam. Ps. 280 e. non dedit. A/er. 381 hand e. quicquam inepte feci. Mi. 1400 Peril. ^ Hand e. (= e. vivis). Per. 174 nondum etiam * edidicisti (= etiam ignoras). Am. 733 neque . . . intuli e., ' I have still not set.' Ps. 957 nihil e. dum (P dum e. A) harpagavit. Deserving of special attention is Rn. 1381. In 1380 ff. the Mss. give : cedo quicum habeam iudicem ni dolo malo in- stipulatus sis nive etiamdum siem quinque et viginti natus annos. Priscianus i, 388 has sive etiamdum . . . aunos natus. I agree with Mr. Kirk (35) in reading 7ii:je and in believing, with AcidaHus, Bentley, Reiz, Leo, that a negative is needed with etiamdum, since the sense required, as the declaration made by Labrax, is '\ am still not (= under) twenty-five,' ' I am not yet twenty-five.' etiamdum, in an affirmative clause, cannot mean * as yet,' as Sonnenschein would have us believe; see Mr. Kirk, page 35, note i, and below on Ps. 1028. Acidalius (so L) inserted Jiaud before siem. Mr. Kirk rightly objects that the negative "should stand, according to the normal form, before etiam'' (say rather '* according to Plautus' invariable use": see above, 5, throughout). Mr. Kirk proposes (35, note 2) uivc haud dum etiam siem . . . This form finds no exact counterpart in Plautus, but Per. 174 nondum etiam* edidicisti is closely akin to it. In Ps. 1028 metuo autem ne erus redeat etiamdum a foro, etiamdum, if sound, appears in an affirmative clause. Cf. with Mr. Kirk (36), Cicero Att. xiii, 31,1 quoniam etiamdum abes (a passage variously handled by the editors, I note). The force is 'still,' approaching 'again'; cf. JMo. 377 quid ilH reditio e. hue fuit .? There is no negative force at all Vol. xli] Notes on Etiam in Plautus 125 here in etiamdum, nor will the rendering * as yet,' ventured by Sonnenschein for Ru. 1381, apply. - Possibly, however, etiamnum is to be read, as in Men. 462, Tru. 785, and Cicero I.e. by Wesenberg. Tru. 321 haud convenit e. hie dum Phronesium. Poe. 99 neque quicquam . . . fecit e. num stupri (versum seel. Guy, non Ly). As. 385 nemo e. tetigit ... lb. 49^ nemo e. me accu- savit. B. Additory ^/w>«.- page 116. I. With substantives: Ah. 561 e. agnum misi (he had sent cod, 553, a tibicina, 557. obsoninm, 560). An. frag, v (Wac-ner Rg ex Non. 120) etiam* hallec duint. As. 184 volt famulis (placere), volt e. ancillis : et quoque catulo meo subblanditur (note equivalence of etiam and qnoqne). Am. 01 e . anno quom . . . lovem invocarunt venit ('last year, too, Jupiter played actor '). Mer. 29 inhaeret etiam • aviditas. Mi. ii47- ^^^- 629- An. 465 e. meus med m- tus -alius . . perdidit {etiam immediately precedes part of whaUt adds, mens . . . gallus). Poe. 385 e. ocellum addam (note the verb. Read 364-385- Versum autem seel. L). Tru 539 (loc. dub.) e. nihiU pendit addi purpuram(Ly — for another gift see 530). R"- ^^7S E. patrem (salutem)? St. 709. Rh 484 ukro adgerunda etiamst aqua. Ps. 735 : page i lO- Au 452. lb. 304. Ba. 424 hoc e. ad malum accersebatur malum We may join etiam closely with lioe : see then below 3 Mer. 728 e. vis nomen dicam.' (in 719 Donppa had U&,' Whose is the woman,''). Am. 7A7 Tute istic (istuc dixisti), e. adstante hoc Sosia. [Temporal: K 27.J Tru. 380 verum tempestas, memini, quondam etiam (L) tuit ^^"^^''"2 16 Bacchis etiam * fortis tibi visast ? {etiavi adds Bacchis to the theme just discussed, the acting of the tpi- dicus ; note e. Epidieum, 2.4). As. 939-940 Da saviuni e.. prius quam abitis. Cu. 210 tene e., prius quam hinc abeo. savium. 126 Charles Knapp [1910 Tri. 934 an e. Arabiast in Ponto ? Etiani may be inten- sive (D I), but the additory sense is sufficient. porro etiam, etiam porro : Ba. 273 p. e. ausculta pugnam. See below, 6. Cit. 453 : A 3. etiam . . . insuper : Tri. 1025 e. laborem ad damnum appo- nam epithecam insuper. Note the verb, and the predicate noun epithccatn. que . . . etiam: Cas. 314 tu . . . filiusque e. tuos. lb. 612 cum istac cumque arnica e. tua. Both examples occur in one play. atque etiam : Ep. 473 a. e. fides . . . addam dono. Per. yS^ Persas a. e. omnis personas. Tri. 965. Ps. 1223 hau sinam . . . nisi mi argentum redditur, viginti minae. ^ At- que e. mihi aliae viginti minae (we may also join etiaui with the numerals: see then below, 5). With a clause : A?(. 307 at scin e. quo modo 1 * do you know what else he does?' Read from 304. Ba. 745 Adscribe dum etiam. ... ' Sed, pater,' etc. Note the forms in 731, 734-735 (especially good), 741, and the prefix of the verb here and in 741. Men. 944 tum patrem occidisse et matrem vendidisse e. scio. Mr. Kirk (31) joins etiam closely with the repeated seio. Per. 69: see L on 6%. Ba. 757 Numquid aliud ? 5 Hoc, atque e. : ubi, etc. Poe. 281 de te quidem haec didici omnia. ^ Etiamne ut ames eam } Ci. 775 om- nes homines fabulantur . . . etiam * Lampadionem me . . . quaesivisse aiunt. We may also take etiaju as adding qiiaesivisse to inventam, or aiunt to fabulantur : see then below, 6. Mo. 118 (if etiani be taken with the ///-clause). See also A, i, ^, 7. 2. With adjective used as substantive : Ba. 546 e. unum hoc (scito). St. 427 hoc e. unum (volo). Ru. 441 Immo e. tibi . . . faciam omnia. Mer. 167 multa exquirere e. prius volo quam vapulem. Men. 922 : above, A 3. 3. With pronoun: Cas. 991 e. me . . . Mi. 1206 te quoque ei dono dedi. ^ Etiamne me } Note equivalence of quoque and etiam, each with a pronoun. Cf. 1207 (U). Tru. 939 si e. me amas (U). Ba. 1161 ego ipsus . . . scire puto me : verum audire etiam * ex te studeo. Mo. 513 e. tu Vol. xli] Notes on Etiam in Plautus 127 fuge. Ci. 757 ego e. (U *** iam P Gs aliter i/r) quaero meam. Poe. 251 Sat est istuc alios dicere nobis : ne nosmet nostra e. vitia eloquamur. etiam belongs with nosmet, but the fond- ness for combinations like nosmet nostra accounts for its posi- tion. Ba. 565 occiperes tute etiam* amare. Ly reads oeciperes tute eam amare, a better text, because an object is needed for a^nare. L reads tute \ amare. Per. 848 Loquere tu e., frustum pueri.^ Ba. 424: above, i. Am. 760. lb. 902 nisi e. hoc falso dici insimulaturus es (in 683 ff. Amphitruo had charged her with lying). Men. 1042 e. hie servom se meum esse aibat ('here's another person making strange blunders.' This ex- planation is simpler and better than Mr. Kirk's (31)). Mer. 24 amori accedunt e. haec (cf. 29). lb. 751 etiamne haec illi tibi iusserunt f erri .^ Read from 735. Mi. 811 quom e. hie agit . . . (loc. dub.). Mo. 422 quin e. illi hoc dicito. Am. 771 (read from 682. 'This is the cHmax,' says Amphi- truo, 'if she has the patera.' Then says Sosia) An etiam* credis id . . . .•* Ps. 370 numquid aliud e. voltis dicere.^ Ba. 274 etiamnest quid porro } atque etiam: Au. 99 a. e. hoc praedico (for other orders see 80-98). More or less similar are Tru. 534 Paenitetne te quot ancil- las alam, quin etiam * me super adducas quae mihi comedint cibum.?(loc. dub. — L and Ly, following Haupt, read ^///;/ examen super adducas, etc.). As. 232 at ego est e., prius quam abis, quod volo loqui (join etiam with the relative clause). Ru. 200 e. (ea) quae simul vecta mecum in sca- phast excidit. 4. With adjective: Poe. 1386 rapacem te esse semper cre- didi, verum e. furacem aiunt {verum is 'but,' wholly divorced from etiam. ' You are not only rapax, but in the opinion of those who know you better than I do you are also >;v?,r'). Ps. 872. lb. 524: A 3. etiam . . . insuper, insuper etiam: Cas. 441, Mer. 693. et etiam: Ci. 522 di . . . magni minutique et etiam * patel- larii. 128 Charles Knapp [1910 Vol. xhj Notes on Etiam in Plautns 129 atque etiam: Ps. 195. lb. 566 non demutabo : a. e. cer- tum, quod sciam : . . . futurumst (* My plans are unchange- able, aye, surely fixed,' etc. Vide R.). So L, with no hint of corruption. Lorenz emended strangely ; Professor Morris left the passage as corrupt. Mr. Kirk (41) does not know what to do with etiam. To me the whole = Hoc quod dixi inmutabile atque ('and in fact') certum est. 5. With numerals : Ba. 692 ut . . . e. alteram facias viam. An. 641 ostende e. tertiam (manum). Foe. 492 volo narrare tibi e. unam pugnam (he had described a fight in 471-487). Tni. 910 addam etiam* unam minam istuc (L post Ca et Bo). Similar is Moi. 10 18 em tibi etiam (plagam). St. A.A,'^) est e. hie ostium aliud posticum (read from 437). Per. 669 e. ... hue decem accedent minae. Mer. 435 : A, \, e. Foe. 403 e. tibi banc amittam noxiam unam: non sum irata (Agorastocles' fault lies in having sent his slave, Milphio, as orator to the sisters; the slave has been imperti- nent. In 353 A. had asked Cur mihi haec iratast ? Cf. 370). Ru. 1007 verbum e. adde unum (adde etiam CDU). Ba. 954 alterum (fatum Troiae) etiamst * Troili mors. lb. 971 nunc alteris e. ducentis usus est {iiiine and etiam are wholly divorced). ]\Ier. 432 tris minas accudere e. possum. Fs. 1223 : see above, p. 126. 6. With verbs: ]\Io. 549 b, 553 e. fatetur de hospite .'^ (' You've told him : he confesses too t ') Rii. 401 at ego e. (scio) . . . spem decepisse multos. Cap. 53 : A, i,^. As. 498-501 Frugi tamen sum nee potest peculium enumerari. . . . Etiam \ nunc dico (Ly brackets iiiinc dieo, rightly) . . . mercator . . . mihi talentum . . . adnumeravit et credidit neque deceptust. Ci. 77^'. above, i. Mer. 167: above, 2. Tni. 881 Bene vale, Phronesium. ^ (An non et)iam tuom oculum vocas 1 (so L). As. 109, Trie. 331 atque audin e. ? A, i, d. Rit. 1277 etiamne . . . complectar eius patrem? lb. 1275 etiamne eam . . . salutem ? (In etiam patrem?, ib., etiam may go either wdth the noun or with the verb to be supplied.) Ci. 518 e. quid consultura sis sciam.'* J Tm. 30 quid t perierandum est etiam * praeter munera ! Read 21-29. As. 276 e. de tergo ducentas plagas . . . dabo (see 274). Tri. 708 e. ob stultitiam tuam te . . . multabo mina. Men. 922: A3. A'k. 1270 patrie. gratulabor.' Mo. 978 aedis emit .' . . . quadraginta e. dcdit hmc . . . .' Mat. 1072 hunc censebam ted esse : huic e. e.xhibui negotium ( = et censebam et exhibui). Tri. 943 an tu e. vidisti lovem ? Poc 1282 e. me ... ad se abduxit (read from 1280). Cf. R„. 327, r,i,. 248. Cap. 664 ut etiam * . . . mihi contra astitit ' (Rs), ' He has not only wronged me (653 ff., 658 ff.) : he has gone further, he faced,' etc. Tri. 942 eho an e. in caelum escendisti ? Ps. 1 172 (' My master won me by his prowess'). « An e. . . . expugnavit carcerem ? 7I/<«.939 e me . . minitatu's prosternere {etiam adds mimtatii s to aicbat, 936). Ps. 1 1 77. I'ZS tune e. cubitare solitu's m cunis.? . . . Etiamne facere soiitus es, scni quid loquar . Ru. 327, Tru. 248. With an adverbial clause: Cap. 327 Est e. ubi profecto damnum praestet facere (read from 325). With imperative : Ba. 745 : above, i , page 1 26. atque etiam : Ba. 1092 perditus sum a. etiam * eradicatus sum As. 482 supplicium . . . de nobis detur .? * A. e. . ^ . poenae pendentur mihi. Verses 480-483 are bracketed by Ussing, Gs and Gray. With imperative: Ps. 107 S (read from 1070). __ . nee . . . etiam: Ba. 670 non placet nee temerest etiam (LULy temerest : etiam f). immo etiam : Vi. 83 (' There never was, there never will be a needier person than you '). * Cave tu istuc dixis : immo e. argenti minam . . . iam ego adferam ad te (' You are quite wrono-: nay, I'll go further and lend you,' etc.). etiam . . . porro, porro etiam : As. 875 is e. corruptus porro suom corrumpit filium ('he carries on the process of corrup- tion bv spoiling,' etc.). Ba. 273 P- e. ausculta pugnam ' hear ;till further how he fought.' Chrysalus has described two moves of Archidemides : d) 'I don't owe you any money,' 259-260; (2) 'the symbolus is a forgery, 266 tl. 130 Charles Knapp [1910 Vol. xli] Notes 071 Etiani in Plaiitus 131 etiam ultro: As. 440 adducit donuim (tarpezitam) etiam * iiltro . . . non modo (quidem) verum (sed) etiam: Mo. 390 faciam n. m. ne intro eat v. e. ut fugiat. lb. 11 12 non radicitus qui- dem . . . V. e. exradicitus. lb. 995 non equidem in Aegyptum hinc modo vectus fui sed e. in terras solas. Curiously enough, all the examples are in one play. 7. quoque etiam : {a) with noun : Ep. 234 cani q. e. {i.e. as well as clothes) ademptumst nomen. Men. 1160 venibit uxor q. e. Mer. 299 oculis q. e. plus iam video (* my eyes, too, are better'). St. 258. Tni. 731 Thetis q. e. lamen- tando t lausum fecit filio (L, Ly, after Valla, read lamentando paiisam ; Schoell gave laitsam . see Arehiv, iv, 258). {b) With pronoun : Am. 30 ego q. e. Mer. 328 mihi q. e. Per. 145 me q. etiam* vende (read 134 ff.). Am. 753 tu q. e. Tni. 875 tibi q. e. (Ly). Ps. 932 te q. e. Am. 81 hoc q. e. ('this further command,' etc. Read from 64). Ep. 589 banc q. e. . . . matrem vocem. Tra. 94 cum ea q. e. Am. 717 Et te q. e. (salutavi). Poe. 40 et hoc q. e. Per. 744 faciam . . . te q. e. ipsum ut lamenteris. Tri. 1048 illis q. abrogant e. fidem qui nil meriti. A}n. 281 eam q. edepol e. multo haec vicit longitudine. 8. etiam . . . quoque: {a) with noun: Mo. mo immo e. cerebium q. omne . . . emunxti. Ps. 122 (tange) vel e. matrem q. {b) With pronoun: Cn. 130 E. mihi q. . . . lubet, 'I, too, have a liking.' Ain. 702 e. tu q. adsentaris huic ? (clumsily put for ' Do you, too, say what she says 1 '). As. 502 atque e. tu q. ipse. See Gray. Ajn. 461 facta ero dicam meo, nisi e. is q. me ignorabit. (r) With adjective : As. 567 e. tua q. malefacta. {d) With participle: Ps. 353 iuravistin . . . conceptis verbis ? * E. consutis q. 9. In questions expressing astonishment or mockery, with the suggestion that the matter (remark, etc.) which calls forth the question had added insult to injury (in many cases an in- sulting epithet, added to the question, shows the speaker's sense of wrong done to him) : Am. 376 : A, i, 6\ A, i, a. Am. 376: A, I, d\ B 9. Per. ^27 : A, i, d. Mi. 1424: A, I, d. etiam (. . .) denuo : Ba. 923 lubet e. mi has perlegere d. Am. 394 Amphitruonis ego sum servos Sosia. ^ E. d. (dicis).'^ Sosio had made this claim before, especially in 361 ff., 363 ff. 2. With imperative: Cn. 612 redde etiam* argentum aut virginem (the first demand was made in effect at 610. redde helps to give the iterative sense, as reditio does in Mo. 377 above, I ). JA?. 472-474 circumspicedum . . . circumspice e. Mi. 1373 Bene vale igitur . . . E. nunc vale {etiam and nune are divorced. Cf. Mi. 1339, above, i). Mer. 324 Vide sis modo e. ^Visumst. Mer. 1013 Scio. ^. . . Id, quaeso, hercle e. vide. An. 55. Men. 158. Am. 1082: A, i, e. Similar is Mi. 141 8 verberetur e. : A, \, b. 3. etiam atque etiam : Tri. 674 te moneo hoc e. a. e. ut reputes. Note the prefix of the verb. An. 614 vide, Fides, e. a. e. nunc . . . See 608. 4. In questions, when a question (or command) is repeated, in the same or equivalent terms, etiam adds the renewed asking (or command) to the previous inquiries (commands), and the translation is ' Again I ask, is . . . .-^ ', or * Again I say,' plus an imperative. The speaker is impatient or angry ; an opprobrious epithet often shows his mood. Over against such questions we may set affirmations with inqnam (paren- thetical). Cf. especially Mo. 383 e. vigilas .'^ This repeats sjiseita istnm, 372, vigila, 373, vigila, 374, snscita, 382. So, in affirmations, /^I'/'^r /;/<7//^7;;/ aderit^ 383, Y:Q,'^Q2its pater advenity T^yGy pater . . . offe?idet, 378. (a) Repeating a question, 'again I ask,' is (are, do) . . . } Rn. 467 etiamne banc urnam acceptura's .'^ (cf. 463, 465, 479- 481). lb. 4696. acceptura's urnam banc .'^ An. 255 e. mihi despondes filiam .^ (cf. 219, 237, 241). Per. 542 e. tu illam destinas.^ (cf. 493, 494, 528, 532, 538, all suggesting the sale). Per. 277 e. dicis . . . , venefice .? Cf. the earlier part of the verse. Ba. 670 e. quid mihi respondetis } Chrysalus had twice asked for information in 668-669. Correct Ly's text : non placet nee temerest etiam : quin mihi respondetis. A gives qnid, not quin. I fail to see how L and Ly construe (see their notes and U). Ba. 1167 etiam* redditis . . . filios et servom } Nicobulus had asked for his son at 1 145 ff. Mo. 272 etiamne unguentis unguendam censes } (note her requests in 257-261). Cas. 728, Mo. 552, Cap. 556, Am. 381, Mo. 851, Cas. 749: A, \, d. {b) Repeating a command, * again I say,' with imperative. Poe. 431 etiamne abis .^ (cf. / or abi in 424, 426, 428, 429, 430 bis). Men. 697 mane, redi. Etiamne astas .? e. audes . . . revorti . . . .^ Mo. 938 Pergam pultare ostium. . . . ^ Etiamne aperis t See 899 ff., 988. Cn. 189 e. disperti- mini.^ Cf. 181-183, 185. (T^j-. 977 etiamne im us cubitum .? (cf. 965). Mo. 885 b. mane tu atque adsiste ilico. . . . E. respicis } Per. 275 scelerate, e. respicis.^ (cf. asta 273, and 271-272). Cu. 41 Obloquere. ^ Fiat. ' E. taces. Obloquere is indica- tive, calling for silence, and so = tace. The slave perversely interprets it as imperative. Per. 152 e. tu taces .? (Faciam equidem quae vis, 147, virtually = tace). Tri. 514 e. tu taces .=^ (cf. abin hinc dierecte, 457, oculum . . . ecfodiam ... si verbum addideris, 463). Per. 413 accipin argen- tum .? . . . e. tu argentum tenes t Mo. 383 : above, under 3, at beginning. lb. 741 (U aliter -v/r). D. Etiam with intensive force, 'even.' See page 116. I. With noun: Ba. 214 E. Epidicum . . . invitus specto, 134 Cha7'lcs K7iapp [1910 si agit Pellio. As. 540 e. opilio . . . aliquam (ovem) habet peculiarem. Ps. 628 (' Why, I look after Ballio's ac- counts '). ^ Si quidem hercle e. supremi promptas thensau- ros lovis, tibi . . . nunquam credam. JMir, 538 e. cum uxore non cubet ? lb. 732 immo etiam* scio. Tri. 934: B I. 2. With adjective = noun : Cap. 137 foris aliquantillum e. quod gusto id beat. Ly translates by ' the merest morsel ' ; Elmer and Morris are silent. [Temporal: K. 27.] Am. 610 uno te plus etiamst quam volo. Ps. 1328 aut dimidium aut plus e. faxo hinc feres. Ba. 321 e. dimidium censes .'' The sense is, 'He has not brought even half, then ? ' lb. 397 (' It's better to be called impndiosiis than ingratiis')'. ilium laudabunt boni, hunc e. ipsi culpabunt mali (cf. 417). Rn. 504 perdidi e. plus boni quam mihi fuit. lb. 960 dimidium volo ut dicas. ^ Immo hercle e. plus (Seyffert amplius P Rs). Atque etiam amplius : Cap. jjj tantum affero quantum ipse a divis optat a. e. amplius. Tfi. 248 : page 117. (Versum seclus. Buecheler Rs U). 3. With adjective : An. 565 exta inspicere in sole etiam* vivo licet (U). Cas. 74 maioreque opere ibi serviles nup- tiae quam libei*ales e. curari solent (join ctiaui with rnaiorc, in spite of the word order. The tw^o verses make one compact whole). Per. 552: page 117. 4. With pronoun : Mi. 572 e. illud quod scies nesciveris . . . (cf. 566). Ba. 417 sese e. ipse oderit. Read 405- 416; cf. 397. [Additory : K 31.] An. 530 e. ipsus ultro debet argentario (versum seclus. Ca Rg U). Tru. 112 e. ultro ipsi aggerunt ad nos. Ba. 791 nescio e. id quod scio. Mi. 566 si . . . muttivero e. quod . . . sciam, dato excru- ciandum me (cf. 572). Ru. 382 e. qui it lavatum . . . tamen surripiuntur, * even the watchful bather loses his clothes.' Frag, i, 27 (ex Gell. in, 3, 5) nunc e. quod (quom) est ('even when one has something to eat'), non estur {nunc and etiam are wholly divorced). 5. With adverb: Men. 791 e. faxo amabit amplius. lb. 320 (R) an etiam* opsono amplius } Cap. 290 immo edepol Vol. xli] Notes on Etiam in Plan tits 135 pertinax : quin e. ut magis noscas . . . [Temporal: K 40, 29.] Poe. 188 Placet consiUum. ^ Immo e. ubi expolivero magis hoc tum demum dices ... Z^^. 324 Immo vin e. te faciam ex laeto laetantem magis.? Cap. 150 tibi ille unicust, mi e. unico magis unicus. Tr/. 910 Devoravi nomen . . . atque e. modo ('and yet even a second ago') vorsabatur mihi in labris primoribus. Tru. 898 Merito ecastor tibi suscenset. * . . . etiam* parum male volo. Pe7\ 356 e. tum vivit quom esse credas mortuam. Ba. 221 eo(= argento) for- tasse iam opust. % Immo e. prius, nam iam hue adveniet miles. In Mi. 1014 Bo and R read etia7n sic, wrongly, after P. As. 41 etiam amplius: A, i, a. Mo. 299, ib. 827: A, I, e. 6. With verb: Cap. 561 At e. te suom sodalem esse aibat. [Additory: K 31.] Mo. 423 (die me) facturum ut ne e. aspicere aedis audeat. Mer. 1002 quin loris caedite e. Men. 691 utere . . . vel e. in loculos compingite. [Addi- tory : K 31.] Cap. 455 at e. dubitavi . . . emerem. . . . Mr. Kirk (32) thought etiam here additory and untranslata- ble. I fail to see the possibihty of additory force. There is no note in Ly, Elmer, or Morris. Am. 814 Haeret haec res, si quidem etiam * (Rgl) mulier factast ex viro. But the Mss. reading, si quidem haec iam mulier factast ex viro, should be retained. Tri. 1039 ('bad manners have the laws under control'): eae (= leges) misere e. ad parietem sunt fixae clavis ferreis. With supine : A7n. 587 nunc venis e. ultro inrisum domi- num. 7. With clause: (a) Poe. 570 Quin e. deciderint vobis femina in talos velim, 'I'd be wiUing even to have your thighs,' etc. Ru. 817 e. me abire hinc non sinent .? 'will they even prevent my departure V Cap. 255-256 vix cavet quom e. cavet : e. quom cavisse ratus est . . . captus est. [Additory and untranslatable: K. 32.] See Morris. Ru. 1124 vidi petere miluom e. quom nihil auferret tamen (vide Rs). Mr. Kirk (31) took it as additory. Sonnenschein is better. 136 Charles Kiiapp [1910 Vol. xli] Notes on Etiam in Plaiitns 137 (Jf) etiam si (cf. Kriege, De ennntiatis concessivis apiid Plautnm et Terentinm, 18): Cas. 93 quin edepol e. si in cru- cem vis pergere sequi decretumst. The Teubner text wrongly sets a comma after etiam, Ep. 518 immo e. si alterum tan- tum perdundumst, perdam . . . (versum omis. A Rg Sg L U, non Ly). Mer. 595 (U) tamen e. si (U vide -v/r) podagrosis pedibus esset . . . iam a portii redis^se potuit. In Tri. 474 P gives At pal ego^ ctiamsi vetet. But A yields etsi votet : so Sg, Ly. 8. In questions, where it seems translatable only by 'actually' or the like : ^ Poe. 271 audes e. servos spernere, propudium ? Rn. 982 ausu's e. comparare vidulum cum piscibus ? Poe. 1234 e. me meae latrant canes? 'What, are,' etc. Ifer.gSi (Eutychus and Lysimachus are scold- ing Demipho. Demipho replies, 981. Then Eutychus says) E. loquere, larva ? This question has not been previously asked. Mer. 983: identical with 981, but said by Lysi- machus. RiL 71 1 at e. minitatur audax ? The scene begins at 706 ; Labrax had spoken only once, threateningly, 710, but there had been much excitement in the temple. Ba. 910 (read from 906 : ' I want to reproach your son.' ^ ' Spare no words'). * E. me mones .'^ Pn. 733 vi mecum agis. ^ E. t vim proportas, flagiti fiagrantia .^^ Bu. 331 istic Theoti- mus divesnest ? This question has not been asked before, but the compliments in 307, 309, justify the next words : ^ E. A/er. 202 visum est tibi credere id ? ^ E. ro«:as ? rogas Cn. 191 Quid ais, propudium.^ tun e. . . . odium me vocas .^ * do vou dare call . . .?* In some questions etia^n seems without appreciable force : As. 714 e. tu, ere, istunc amoves abs te .-* (= quin tu amoves ?). Tri. 790 Nonne arbitraris tum adulescentem anuli paterni signum nosse } ^? E. tu taces There is here no backward reference of the type seen above, D, 4, /?, for there has been no command taee in the scene, which begins at 729. Similar, in a statement, is As. 871 ego censeo f eum etiam hominem in senatu dare operam (f ego censeo : etiam . . . ! Ly). 1 Cf. Loch, Zum Gehrauch ties Tmperativs hei Plaufus, 24. E. Etiam, with affirmative force: p. 117 (see Samuelson, Era7ios, IV, 7): A?n. 544: p. 117. ^>^'^- 3i6 Nihilne attulistis inde auri domum .? ^ Immo etiam. Mer. 816: p. 117. Mo. 1000 Numquid processit ad forum . . . novi .? ^ Etiam. Poe. 406 atque audin } ^ Etiam (aliter L U). Here, as in the other cases, the temporal force is still apparent. i ^MlOvi': m-t- '-;* ■=4?- **-» -^- < <-€ '^> ^/v" ' 4i? '». {( .'«.,'«. .«x • ►?!*■' ■?» JiiTt.-:,-^,^,,^ r,:^ ."*'.' :i^ ".a-ir. ,#i*^ \ ' • '*-* ' ' - ■ » - 3> >^" ■ *!'f •■!'•. ■ ii'.'' % r f^^^^. ?4 />*- •k*- •M t:-v .\-\^ if- ■"iW- •? "-»* '.'^. "^SiyS ii :a4- >*:>;34 ■:-f- "r> X "^'-b' '^W '-'.'• '^\i' ll.?% ; /*■'?, ,^ --f-i .<; ^ ,,C " '^ ■ 'Mo', V 'V.i jis-' •*Y ■>** » fe^n*^**'" '4 >*■%'':•■' mM^MM< •¥**-:?jr'*>it'-i "m^ ■%** .•fii;« 'ifl?"*" s^; m. '->>! ?1i^^Srt^ --.aWt: Wc4i':l> ;rfj'>,-i ^ j ;-«r^ I^t- If ™^