■II'' ' ' ■ kp'''^'>:'A':'^:-: ■'■:/:,:■: f ; f . \ , ■'N^"^\^ oa Columbia ^niberjsittp iMntxitt Ktbrarg Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Open Knowledge Commons http://www.archive.org/details/transactionscentOOcoll TIIANSAOTIONS COLLEGE OE PHYSICIANS PHILADELPHIA. CENTENNIAL VOLUME. PHILADELPHIA: PRINTED FOR THE COLLEGE. 1887. DOENAN, PRINTER, X. W. CORNER SEVENTH AND ARCH STREETS, PHILADELPHIA. PREFACE. TiiK occurrence of the one hundredtli anniversary of the founda- tion of tlie College was an event of such importance in its history as to call forth great effort and enthusiasm on the part of the Fellows to secure its celebration in a manner worthy of the occasion. This volume makes a permanent record of the events of the celebration, and includes a very accurate and elaborate account of the institution of the College, in which is portrayed the character of its Founders and of those of its Fellows who have contributed to its development and successful career ; a record of the work accom- plished during the hundred years in carrying out the objects of the College — " to advance the science of medicine and thereby lessen human misery" — a resumS of the proceedings of its meetings, and a roll of the Officers and Fellows elected during the century ending January, 1887. Presented in this form, the Committee of Publica- tion believes that it will commend itself to the Fellows as an inter- esting and valuable souvenir of the Centennial celebration. NOVEMBKR, 1887. GON TENTS. An Account of thci Institution of tiio College of Phygicians of Phila- dolpliia ............ 1 Progress of the College ......... 24 Notice of Dr. Jolin Morgan ........ 26 Notice of Dr. Genirdus Clarkson 43 Notice of Dr. Abraham Chovet ........ 44 Notice of Dr. John Jones ......... 49 Notice of Dr. George Glentworth ....... 53 Notice of Dr. William Clarkson ........ 54 Notice of Dr. James Hutchinson ....... 60 Notice of Dr. John Mt-rris ......... 66 Notice of Dr. .lohn Carson 68 Notice of Dr. John Redman ........ 88 Notice of Dr. William Shippen 90 Notice of Dr. Benjamin Rush ........ 92 Notice of Dr. Adam Kulin 94 Notice of Dr. Caspar Wistar ........ 97 Connection of the College with the Pharmacopoeia .... 101 Notice of Dr. Samuel Powel Griffitts 124 Notice of Dr. William Currie ...'..... 127 Notice of Dr. Thomas Parke 132 The Museum 143 Mutter Lectureship 152 The Building Fund 154 Publications of the College . . . . . . . . .159 The Library 161 Directory for Nurses .......... 169 Entertainment Fund .......... 171 Celebration of the Centennial Anniversary . . . . .171 Appendix 175 Form of the Constitution of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, January 2, 17S7 . . . . . . . . . .175 Inaugural Address by the First President, Dr. John Redman . . 179 Memorial on Temperance, 1787 ........ 183 Lines Occasioned by the Decease of Dr. Gerardus Clarkson . . 184 Vl CONTENTS. PAQE Appendix — Continued. Lines Saored to the Memory of Dr. Henry Stuber .... 185 Memorial on Temperance, Addressed to the Congress of Uie United States, December, 1790 186 Address of the President, Dr. John Kedman, upon his reelection . 187 Memorial Dates in the History of the College ..... 189 Building Fund, 1849 189 Officers of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, from 178G to January, 1887 192 Presidents 192 Vice-Presidents 192 Censors ............ 193 Secretaries 193 Treasurers ........... 194 Librarians ........... 194 Councillors ; . . . . 194 Kecorders 195 Curators of the Museum ......... 195 Curators of the Mutter Museum 195 Standing Committees 195 Committee on Library 195 Publication 196 Musuem 196 Mutter Museum 196 Lectures 196 Hall ■ 197 Finance 197 Directory for Nurses ......... 197 Entertainments 197 William F. Jenks Prize 198 Public Hygiene 198 Theory and Practice of Medicine 198 Surgery .........••• 198 Midwifery 199 Diseases of Women .......-• 199 Diseases of Children . . . . . . . • • 199 Materia Medica and Pharmacy 199 Meteorology and Epidemics 199 Pharmacopoeia .......... 200 Delegates to the National Convention for Revising the Pharma- copoeia .......•••• 201 Pennsylvania State Convention 201 National Quarantine and Sanitary Convention . . . .' 201 International Medical Congress at Paris 201 CONTKNTH. Vll A|)|)Oii(lix — Continued. DologiiUis to tho (jontfrniidl Modioal Coriirni.s.sinii and Intf!rrmtionnl Medical Corifiiro.ss of 1870 202 Aiiiiiiicaii Mcdiciil Association ....... 202 lloll of Kcllows of the (JoiI(!g(3 of rhy.sician3 of riiiladolj.liia . . 207 Foliovv.s 207 Assooiato I'^ellows: American ........ 277 Foreign 288 Corresponding Members 291 Biograpliical Notices of Fellows and Associates of the College . . 292 Commemorative Address. By K. Wiciii Mitcukli,, M.IJ., LL.D. . . 305 Eoniiniscenccs of tlio College of Physicians of Philadelphia. By Alfred Stillk, M.D., LL.D 335 Conferring of Degrees of Associate Fellowship 349 Hunter McGuire 349 Eobert Palmer Howard 349 William H. Draper 349 David "W. Cheever 349 Henry P. Bowditch 349 George Cheyne Shattuck 350 Nicholas Senn 350 T. Gaillard Thomas 350 James T. Whittaker 350 Address of Welcome to the New Associate Fellows. By J. M. DaCosta, M,D., LL.D 351 The Old and the New Physic. By Henry Hartshorxe, M.D. . . 355 Kesponses to the Toasts 357 "The Fellows of the College." By D. Hayes Agneav, M.D. . . 357 "Associate Fellows." By T. Gaillard Tuomas, M.D. . . . 360 "The Phjsician." By William Pepper; M.D 363 "The Surgeon." By John Ashhurst, Jr., M.D 366 "The Obstetrician." By Theophilxts Parvin, M.D. . . . 371 "The Medical Societies of America." By John S. Billings, M.D. 376 "College of Physicians." By George Cheyne Shattuck, M.D. . 379 Commemorative Verses. By S. Weir Mitchell, M.D. . . . 3S1 Menu 383 The Loan Collection of Portraits 389 AN ACCOUNT INSTITUTION OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF Philadelphia. By W. S. W. RUSCHENBERGER, M.D. [Road October G, 188G.] The formation of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia has not been traced to any one member of the profession. Its genesis began before the middle and during the closing half of the eighteenth century, and within the first decade of our national life. Under the provincial government, society in Philadelphia was essentially as refined and cultivated as it is in the present day. Then as now, men of high order of intellect, character, and education were among its citizens. They influenced others to join in enterprises to provide for the public wants of the young and growing community, as rapidly as means permitted. Societies were formed'for cliaritable and other uses. The Philadelphia Library Company (1731): the American Philosophical Society (1743): the Pennsylvania Hospital (1752); the College of Philadelphia (1755); the Medical School {VJ65) ; the American Medical Society (1773) ; an Abolition Society. 1774 (which increased its membership and enlarged its purposes in 1787) ; the Humane Society, for resuscitation of drowned persons (1780);^ a Society for Promoting Agriculture (1785): the Philadel- 1 The physicians of the Humane Society, August, 1787, were John Jones President; Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Duffield, Caspar Wistar, Samuel P.' Gnffitts, J. R. B. Rodgers.— American Museu>n, 1787. 1 2 RUSCHENBERGER, phia Dispensary (1786) ; and the United Company for Promoting Manufactures, before ■which Robert Stretel Jones, Esq., delivered an oration, March, 1777 ; ^ are indicative of the active public spirit of the period. Institutions for the common welfare, though designed for the attain- ment of different objects, are in some sense akin. The estabHshment of one leads to the setting up of another. The experience of one lends help to another, in the "way of example ; possibly observation and comparison of methods of conduct in the older organizations may teach the juniors the wisdom of administration. In such aspect, corporate bodies seem to have a pedigree, direct and collateral, like men. We are told, for example, that in his boyhood Benjamin Franklin had probably been present with his father at meetings of some of the Boston Benefit Societies, devised by Cotton Mather,^ and that, at Philadelphia in the autumn of 1727, imitating their plan he formed most of his ingenious acquaintances (mostly journeyman mechanics like himself at that time) into the famous club called the Junto, the declared purpose of which was the improvement of its members and their fellow-citizens in virtue and practical wisdom. The Junto was restricted to twelve members, and their proceedings were designed to be kept secret. But attractive whisperings about them got out, and "caused frequent applications for admission to the charmed circle of the leather-aproned philosophers. The founder of the club at length proposed that each member of the Junto should form a subordinate club (another idea from Cotton Mather), which should report its pro- ceedings to the parent society, and thus extend the area of its in- fluence. Five or six of these subordinate clubs were formed, which were called by such names as the Vine, the Union, and the Hand."' The Junto met every Friday evening at tavern, or ale-house, during the first three years of the club's existence, but afterward " in a little room of Mr. Grace's set apart for that purpose." Sometimes the grave proceedings were enlivened with Avine and songs, some of * Columbian Magazine, vol. 5, p. 175. * Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin, by James Parton. London, New York, and Philadelpbia, 1864. Vol. i. p. 154. ' Parton's Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin. INSTITUTION OF COLLK(iK OF PHYSICIANS OF I'lIILA DKLI'HIA. 6 wliicli were writteii iirid .surig hy Kiankliri liiin.self. After the club was cstabliHhed in tlie house of Mr. Robert Grace, who was one of the incmltors, Franklin Huggested, in IT'U), that as their books were often referred to in their discussions, it woubl be well for the sake of con- venience to keep all their books where they met, and in this way give each the advantage of using the books of all the other members.' The plan of the Philadelphia Library Company, which he pub- lished early in 1731, was an outcome of this idea. The Junto, long known in Philadelphia as the leathern apron club, continued during many years. When tlie activity of its members abated or ceased, it seems that the name was assumed by others, and a new Junto was formed probably in February, 1750, which revised its rules and changed its title, December, 1766, to "The American Society for Promoting and Propagating Useful Knowledge, held at Philadelphia," and enlarged its roll of members. May 25, 1743, Benjamin Franklin issued a circular, entitled "A Proposal for Promoting Useful Knowledge among the British Planta- tions in America," in which he recommended "that one society be formed o^ virtuosi, or ingenious men, residing in the several colonies, to be called The American Philosophical Society." It is supposed that the proposition had been discussed in the original Junto. The Society was formed in accordance with the plan submitted, but after some years became inactive. About the year 1767 it was revived and carried on with much spirit. It was proposed in 1768 to unite The American Society and The American Philosophical Society, under the name of The American Philosophical Society held at Philadelphia for Promoting Useful Knowledge. The terms of union Avere agreed upon. The spirit of the ancient Junto transmigrated from the dead corporations into the new organization, and, as if in commemoration of its ancestry, its stated meetings have been held ever since on Friday, as were those of the first Junto as well as of all its offspring. The purpose of this organization was very broad — to foster the * Autobiography of Benjamin Franlvlin, edited from his manuscript, ■with notes and an introduction by John Bigelow. J. B. Lippincott & Co., Philadel- phia, 1868. 4 RUSCHENBERQER, cultivation of all useful knowledge. The Transactions show that attention was given to questions in physics, natural history, medicine, until institutions for each special subject gradually narrowed the field. This sort of segregation continues in every grand department of science, very considerably abating the activity of those societies which were established to encourage the pursuit of one great subject in all its branches. The special seems to be everywhere superseding general science. On Friday, January 2, 1769, the new society held its first meet- ing,^ at which Dr. Franklin was elected President, and Dr. Thomas Cadwalader, Dr. Thomas Bond, and Joseph Galloway, Esq., Vice- Presidents. The total number of members then w'as 251, of whom 124 resided in the city and county. Seventeen of them were among the founders of the College of Physicians. At that time the American Philosophical Society had no perma- nent abode. Its meetings were held sometimes in the State House, sometimes at the house of a member, but more frequently in the building known at different times as the Academy, the College of Philadelphia, the University ; the apartment in which the Society usually met was commonly called Philosophical Hall. The building which it now occupies (104 South Fifth Street) was so far advanced in construction that the Society met in it for the first time Nov. 21, 1789.^ Another example of institutional heredity may be cited, which has connection with the College of Physicians. We are told that, perceiving the lack of provision for a complete education, as neither college nor high school existed in the Province, Benjamin Franklin, in 1743, devised a plan for an academy and confided its realization to the Rev. Richard Peters. He did not attempt to execute the project. In 1749, Franklin recurred to it 1 Discourse of Dr. Kobert M. Patterson, at the Celebration of the Hundredth Anniversary, May 25, 1843, in the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, held at Philadelphia for promoting useful knowledge, vol. iii. No. 27, May 25-30, 1843. 2 Commemoration of the Centennial Anniversary of the Incorporation of the American Philosophical Society. Address of the President, Frederick Fraley, LL.D. INSTITUTION OK OOI^M'KIK OF I'lIYSICIANH OF f'll ILA OFIJ'IIIA. i) and MO(;ur(!n- diict of tlic propoHod iiiHtitiitir)n, smd .si^^riod tlicrn Nov. I'i, 1749. The next day tlicy suliscriljod money liberally among them.selves to carry on tlio woi'k. In December, 1741), they procured a lot and a large churcli build- ing, covering an area of 70 by 120 feet, which had been constructed thereon for the use of the Rev. George Whitfield, a celebrated " New- light" Presbyterian preacher, near the southwest corner of Fourth and Arch Streets. Alterations were made in the edifice to adapt it properly to its new purposes, and, in 1751, the pupils, who from 1750 had been taught in private houses, were introduced into the building, known from that time as "The Academy." Here they were taught by three masters aided by ushers, Latin, English, and mathematics. They numbered "little short of 300," April 5, 1752 ;' and Richard Peters wrote to a friend, 1753, that the Academy was in great repute, and had 165 boys from neighboring colonies." " The Trustees of the Academy and Charitable School in the Province of Pennsylvania," were incorporated July 13, 1753. The Proprietors granted an additional charter May 14, 1755, in •which the style of the board was changed to " The Trustees of the College, Academy and Charitable School of Philadelphia," reciting and confirming all the franchises and powers of the first, with the further power of conferring degrees.^ At the first Commencement of the College of Philadelphia, May 17, 1757, there were seven graduates, one of whom was John Mor- gan. In 1762, an additional buildino^ was erected on the lot, designed in part as a residence of pupils whose homes were not in the city. ^ Pennsylvania Letters, Portfolio, January, 1813. ^ John F. AVatson, MS. Annals of Philadelphia, p. 76. Collection of the Historical Society of Pennsj-lvania. * For a description and an account of the Academy and College of Philadel- phia in detail, see The American Magazine and Monthly Chronicle of the British Colonies, vol. i., from October, 1757, to October, 1758. By a Society of Gentlemen. Printed and sold by Thomas Bradford, at the corner house at Front and Market Streets. Pp. 630-641. 6 RUSCHENBERGER, Upon the plant rooted in these premises was grafted the first medical school in the country which, in time, grew to be the most fruitful and renowned of its branches. Immediately after his return from Europe, Dr. John Morgan sub- mitted to the Board of Trustees of the College of Philadelphia, a scheme of medical professorships, to be added to the College. His communication was accompanied by letters from the Hon. Thomas Penn and others in England, recommending the Doctor and his plan. At the time, Thomas Bond, Phineas Bond, Thomas Cad- walader, William Shippen, Sr., and John Redman — five prominent physicians — were of the Board. The Trustees adopted the proposed plan May 3, 1765, and appointed Dr. Morgan professor of the theory and practice of medicine. At the Annual Commencement of the College of Philadelphia, held May 30 and 31, 1765, Dr. Morgan delivered an appropriate "Discourse upon the Institution of Medical Schools in America." Dr. William Shippen, Jr., who had given three successive courses of lectures on anatomy, the first beginning November 26, 1762, was appointed Professor of Anatomy and Surgery, September 17, 1765. The Provost of the College, the five physicians of the Board of Trustees, and the two professors united and formed a code of rules for the new establishment.^ The two professors delivered their introductory lectures Novem- ber 18, 1765. In addition to the practice of medicine. Dr. Morgan taught materia medica and read lectures on chemistry for three years, and Dr. Shippen, besides anatomy and surgery, taught midwifery. In 1768, Dr. Adam Kuhn was elected professor of materia medica and botany ; and Dr. Thomas Bond ^ (who was one of the physicians of the Pennsylvania Hospital, which was started in a rented house 1 Eulogium on Doctor William Shippen, delivered before the College of Phy- sicians of Philadelphia, March, 1809. By Doctor Caspar Wistar, one of the Censors. Published May, 1818, after Dr. Wistar's death. Vol. 8, Pamphlets, Libr. Coll. of Phys. Phila. Both Drs. Morgan and Shippen seem to have used the word "school " as a synonyme of the word profes.=orship. ' History of the Pennsylvania Hospital. By George B. "Wood, M.D. INSTITUTION OK (JOLliKOK OK I'lIYSICIANS OK I'llILA liKI-l'lII A. 7 CM tlic soutli side of Market Street west of Fifth, in February, 17.02) profcHHor of clinical medicine. The next year, 17G9, Dr. IJenjainin Jlush, on his return from Europe, was appointed professor of -chemistry, chiefly on the recom- mendation of Dr. William (JuUen, of the University of Edinburgh, conveyed in a letter to Dr. John Morgan.' At the first medical commencement held in America, the degree of Bachelor of Medicine was conferred by the College of Philadel- phia on ten of its students, June 21, 1768.* This notable ceremony took place in the building of the College on Fourth south of Arch Street.^ All the medical professors could not be accommodated in the col- lege buildings. Apartments suitable for teaching anatomy had been constructed by Dr. Shippen, 1762-63, for the use of his private classes, in the rear of his father's residence on Fourth Street north of Market. The entrance to them was by an alley-way from Market Street west of Fourth Street. After he was installed professor he taught the college classes in these rooms until Anatomical Hall was built. That building, a picture of which is among Birch's Views of Philadelphia, published in 1799, stood on Fifth Street, 112 feet north of Walnut Street. The Commonwealth conveyed the piece of land on Avhich it stood to the University of the State of Pennsylvania, September 22, 1785. 1 In the Eush Manuscripts, Eidgeway Branch of the Philadelphia Library, vol. 24, p. 64, is a copy of the letter from Dr. William Ciillen, Edinburgh, Sep- tember 18, 1768, to Dr. John Morgan, recommending the appointment of Dr. Eush to the chair of chemistrJ^ ^ History of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania. By Joseph Carson, M.D., Philadelphia, 1869. ^ On the site of the old building is a tall structure which, until very recently — 1886 — was occupied as a shoe factory. The building known as the Academy, as the College of Philadelphia, as the Universitj' of the State of Pennsylvania, and as the University of Pennsyl- vania, was erected in 1740, by those who seceded from the Presbyterian Church to follow " the new light " teaching of the Eev. George Whitfield. The lot was 198 by 150 feet. The churcn edifice, which was 70 by 120 feet, stood 66 feet west of Fourth Street, between Market and Arch Streets. See A Picture of Philadelphia. By James Mease, M.D., Philadelphia, 1811. 8 EUSCHENBERGER, Anatomical Hall, sometimes called the Laboratory, was in use several years after the University, in 1802, took possession of the premises on Ninth Street north of Chestnut. About April, 1806, it was rented to the Board of Health, which occupied the first floor and sublet the second, April 1, 1807, for five years to Drs. Thomas C. James and Nathaniel Chapman. In 1840, the house No. 131 South Fifth Street, took its place. The Philadelphia Dispensary, instituted April 12, 1786, is some feet north of the site of Anatomical Hall. The attending physicians of the Dispensary, then first appointed, were Samuel P. GriflStts, John Morris, William Clarkson, John R. B. Rogers, Caspar Wistar, and Michael Leib ; and the consulting physicians and surgeons were John Jones, William Shippen, Jr., Adam Kuhn, and Benjamin Rush, all of them Fellows of the College of Physicians, in 1787. The Medical School of the College of Philadelphia begun in 1765, continued in operation till June 1, 1777, when all the departments of the College were closed^ in consequence of the occupation of the city by the British army, and were not opened again till September 25, 1778 — sixteen months. November 27, 1779, the Legislature of Pennsylvania incorporated the University of the State of Pennsylvania, for which a Board of Trustees was appointed, abrogated the charter of the college, dis- missed its officers, confiscated all its possessions, and transferred them with other confiscated estates to the new institution. The reasons assigned for this radical measure were that the charter of the college required its trustees to take the oath of allegiance to the Sovereign of Great Britain, and that some of them had been and were actively hostile to the interests of America, giving aid and com- fort to the enemy. The trustees of the new university held their first meeting in De- cember, 1779, organized the board and filled several of the professor- ships. There was difficulty in estabhshing the medical department. Temporary arrangements were made which prevented its suspension. In the autumn of 1783, however, those who had been professors of the College of Philadelphia accepted appointments from the Univer- 1 Minutes of the Board of Trustees. iNSTiTirrroN ok collkok of imiysicians ok i'Hiiw\ni;M'iiiA. '.> sity ol' (ho Slate of l'cnri,sylv;iiii;i. TIk; coiHliict and \>V(><^r<;HH of tlio now institiilioii \v(!rc satisfactory ; hut the trustees and friends of the extinct Collc'^e of IMiihulolpliia did iidt acf|iiioH(;c and rest passively under the se([ucstrati()n of their charter and property. At their instance, no doubt, the Legislature enacted a law, March 6, 1780, by a great majority' which reinstated the College of Phila- delphia, and restored to it all its estates, franchises, and privileges. The University of the State of Pennsylvania was ejected from the premises, but retained the other confiscated properties which had been given to it. Rooms in the new hall of the American Philo- sophical Society were leased in March, 1789, and the institution con- tinued in operation. Three days after this act of restoration^ fourteen of the twenty- four original Trustees of the College of Philadelphia met March 0, 1789, at the residence of Dr. Franklin, and filled the vacancies in the board caused by death or desertion during the revolution. In the course of a month or two the schools Avere again opened, and the college Avas again in full operation. It soon became apparent that the separate existence of the two in- stitutions was incompatible Avith the successful progress of either. For such reason they agreed to combine. An act was obtained from the Legislature, September 30, 1791, Avhich united the two corpora- tions under the title of the University of Pennsylvania. This outline of the pedigree of the first medical school established in America may indicate the associations and site of its origin. The locality of an important event, such as a great battle, long retains a vague attractiveness. The birthplace of an illustrious man has an interest for those who appreciate his work which lasts for ages after his death. For such reason it may be pleasing to remember that within the walls of the old Academy, where the medical school was born, the College of Physicians was organized, and held its stated meetings during several years. ^ The act restoring its franchises, etc., to the College of Philadelphia, was passed March 4, 1789, bj' yeas 44, nays 18. See Pennsylvania Packet, March 7, 1798, Proceedings of the General Assembly. " Minutes of the Trustees of the University of the State of Pennsylvania. History of the University of Pennsylvania. By George B. "Wood, M.D., etc. 10 RUSCHENBERGER, Besides its connection with the institution first established in the Province of Pennsylvania, the College of Physicians is related — in a remote degree, ho^vever — to some of the earliest practitioners. The physicians who came to tlie Province of Pennsylvania with the first settlers in 1682, were Thomas Wynne and GriflBth Owen, both Welshmen. Dr. Wynne is said to have practised in London with reputation, but he soon engaged in the political affairs of the colony, and died ten years after his arrival in Philadelphia. Edward Jones, of Merion, a pupil and son-in-law of Dr. Wynne, educated his son, Evan, in medicine. Evan became the preceptor of Thomas Cadwalader, who in turn assisted in teaching John Jones, a son of Evan, who was the first Vice-President of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Griffith Owen, who was highly respected for his talents, integrity, and spirit, seems to have been the leading practitioner in the city. He died in 1717, at the age of about seventy years. In this same year Dr. Graeme, a man of excellent education and agreeable manners, of about thirty years of age, came from Great Britain with the Gov- ernor, Sir William Keith. He obtained the confidence and respect of his fellow colonists, and consequently a good practice. He was preceded, however, during a considerable time by Dr. John Kearsley, who came in quest of professional business. Dr. Kearsley was for a long time a very industrious practitioner of medicine and surgery. The building of Christ Church is ascribed largely to his personal attention and influence. He founded and en- dowed Christ Church Hospital for poor widows. He was the professional master of Dr. John Redman, the first President of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, as well as of the worthy Dr. John Bard, of New York. At the time these gentlemen flourished, the number of residents in the city was not great. The population of Philadelphia, in July, 1750, was estimated at 16,000 ; according to the census made by Lord Cornwallis, in 1777, it was 23,784;' and in 1785 at about 25,000. The first census of the United States was taken in 1790, then the population of the County of Philadelphia was 54,391. 1 Pennsylvania Letters, Portfolio, vol. 1. Philadelphia, 1813. INSTITUTION OF COLLKUK OF PHYSICIANS OF I'HI I,A bCI-I'll I A. 11 In the provincial times and lon;^ aftcrvyanj, peojjle generally a.sked tlie advice of a physician only after domestic remedies had failed, or when surgical aid was needed, or in cases of difficult chihlhirth. Before the establishment of the medical department of the College of riiiladelphia, the colonist who sought a medical career was hound apprentice to some well-known practitioner — the fame of the physi- cians of the city brought them many ai)prentices from distant fjoints — and worked and studied under his directions six years, and then went to England or Scotland to complete his education. John Morgan and Benjamin llusli, for example, served an apprenticeship of six years with Dr. John Redman, and then went to Europe to finish their studies. Some from lack of means to follow this course at the end of their apprenticeship, without other qualifications than those derived from the instructions of the master, in compounding his prescriptions, and witnessing his treatment of cases, at once began to practise, the title of doctor coming to them directly from the people without diploma fee. They were successful and respected ; some of them were dis- tinguished in the community. It is pleasant to cite two of them here. One of the apprentices of Dr. John Kearsley, Dr. Lloyd Zachary, who began to practise medicine between 1720 and 1730, died in the year ] 750, having received all his education in this city. He was greatly and deservedly respected. He was among the founders of the Pennsylvania Hospital and of the College of Philadelphia, and a liberal contributor to both institutions. He and Drs. Thomas and Phiueas Bond were the physicians first appointed to the hospital. Dr. William Shippen, the elder, who was born in Philadelphia, October 1, 1712, and died November 4, 1801, was one of the many apprentices of Dr. John Kearsley, represented to have been a very rigorous master. Though restricted to the educational resources of the city, Dr. Shippen held equal professional rank with his contem- poraries in public estimation, and actively participated with them in promoting the interests of public institutions.^ ^ In his Eulogium on Dr. William Shippen, Jr., Dr. Wistar says, ''Dr. Shippen, Senior, was educated wholly in Philadelphia Yet by the 12 RUSCHENBERGER, On his return from Europe Dr. Thomas Cadwalader (a grandson of Edward Jones, of Merion), who had studied anatomy with Chesel- den, "made dissections and demonstrations, 1752, for the instruction of Dr. Shippen, the elder, and some others who had not been abroad." This was probably the first work of the kind ever done in Pennsylvania.^ Dr. William Shippen, the elder, it is stated, applied himself at an early age to the study of medicine, for " which he had a remarkable genius, possessing that kind of instinctive knowledge of diseases which cannot be acquired from books." Being congratulated upon the success of his practice, he replied, "My friend ! Nature does a great deal, and the grave covers up our mistakes." Animated by a patriotic desire to remedy the then lack of means for medical educa- tion in the colonies, he trained his son to the profession, sent him to Europe, and on his return, in 1762, encouraged him to deliver a series of lectures on anatomy. He thus prepared the way to the establishment of the first medical school in America. He was elected a member of the Continental Congress by the Assembly of Pennsylvania, November 20, 1778, and reelected No- vember 13, 1779. He devoted himself to the duties of his office, and won general approbation. He was a member of the American Philosophical Society from November, 1767 ; and a vice-president in 1779-80. He was one of the founders of the Second Presbyterian Church, of which he was a member nearly sixty years. His mode of living was simple ; he had tasted neither wine nor spirits until his last illness. It was said force of his native genius, he rose to a very respectable rank among his col- leagues, who had the benefit of education in Europe on a liberal and extensive plan." See Pamphlets, vol. 8 ; Library of the College of Physicians of Phila- delphia. ^ The Eclectic Kepertory and Analytical Keview, vol. viii. Philadelphia, 1818. It is stated in a note, p. 14, Biographia Americana, by a gentleman of Phila- delphia, published by D. Mallory, New York, 1825, that "in 1750 Dr. John Bard dissected the body of Hermanus Carroll, who had been executed for murder; and injected the bloodvessels for the use of his pupils." Dr. John Bard was the first to teach anatomy on this side of the Atlantic by demonstra- tion. INSTITU'J'ION t)V (U)\,\.\': lines of practice. ^I'licy wcra IioiuiHt, and willing to increase ari'l diffuHO medical knowledge. Tlui T'lii]a,deli)liia Medical Society, tlie firHt medical society estab- lished ill the city, was heguii, [jrobahly ai>out 17G0 or ]7(J7, by l)r. John Morgan and others, including Drs. J. Kearsley, Jr., GerarduH Clarkson, James A. Bayard, Kobert Harris, and George Glentwortb. No record of its proceedings has been found. It did not survive the revolution.^ Students who came to Philadelphia from different parts of the country to attend medical lectures, founded in 1773 the American Medical Society. According to its published constitution, it was com- posed of senior and junior members. Stated meetings were held in the building of the college every Monday evening, from the first Monday in November until the second Monday in February. Some of the papers read before it were published; for example, "A Case of Scrophula. Read before the American Medical Society, January 7, 1785, by Samuel Knox, of York Co., Pa." ^ " Two Cases of Hepa- titis. Read before the American Medical Society, January 27, 1787, by John Purnell, of Maryland."^ The officers of the Society, in 1790, were William Shippen, M.D., President; William B. Duffield, A.M., Vice-President; Henry Stuber, M.B., Treasurer and Perpetual Secretary; and John Baldwin, A.M., Annual Secretary.* Dr. Henry Stuber died May, 1792, at the early age of twenty- four. He seems to have possessed more than average ability and unusual attainments. His merits are related in verse by John Swan- wick,^ a poet of that time. ^ A Histor_y of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania. By Joseph Carson, M.D., etc. The Philadelphia Medical Societj', instituted in 1789, was first incorporated in 1792, and rechartered in 1827. * Columbian Magazine, for July, 1790. ' Columbian Magazine, for May, 1790. * Columbian Magazine, April, 1790, vol. 4, pp. 206-8. 5 Columbian Magazine, May, 1792. Poems on Several Occasions. By John Swanwick, Esq., one of the Repre- sentatives in the Congress of the United States from the State of Pennsylvania. 16mo., Philadelphia, 1797. Henry Stuber was, in 1781, a pupil in the German school. 16 RUSCHENBERGER, As long as the Province of Pennsylvania was under the flag of Great Britain, intercourse between the medical men of Philadelphia and those of England and Scotland Avas very kindly. Many of them had been students in the Edinburgh and London schools. The friendships which they had formed while abroad were maintained long after they returned home through frequent exchange of letters. The medical school of Edinburgh and its professors were highly esteemed here. Their theories were generally accepted, and their methods imitated. The War of Independence did not sunder the ties of professional brotherhood. The College of Physicians, to manifest its sympathy on the occasion, appointed, May 4, 1790, Dr. Rush to deliver an eulogium in honor of the late Dr. William Cullen, Professor of Physic in the University of Edinburgh,^ As soon as the " stars and stripes " were recognized by the govern- ment of Great Britain as a symbol of an independent nation, several medical men of Philadelphia visited the British schools. In the letters of some of them statements are made which are of sufficient interest to be repeated now. Dr. James Hall, by advice of Dr. Lettsom, had become a pupil, for anatomical instruction in London, of the celebrated surgeon Mr. Cline. Dr. Hall wrote to Dr. Rush, October 18, 1783: "I was not a little surprised at the distinction they make here in the hospitals between a physician's and a surgeon's pupil. I expected when I had paid my X50, that I was entitled to every advantage the hospital aiforded; and when I first became a dresser I used to go through the ward every day with a physician in order to see him prescribe for his patients, but I was told at last that it was a privilege I was not entitled to ; that unless I paid a separate fee to a physician I could not be allowed 1 An Eulogium in honor of the late Dr. William Cullen, Professor of the Practice of Physic in the University of Edinburgh, Delivered before the ■College of Physicians of Philadelphia, on the 9th of July, agreeably to their vote on the 4th of May, 1790. By Benjamin Eush, M.D., Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in the College of Philadelphia. Published by order of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Printed by Thomas Dob- son, Philadelphia, 1790. Published also in the Columbian Magazine. IN8T1TUT10N OF (JOIiLJ'JUE OF IMIYHICIANH- OF I'JIILADELI'IIIA. 17 that iulvantafi^o. On the othor hand, a physician's pupil has no ri;^ht to att(!ii(l any of the surgical operations in the hospital. The fee to a physician is twenty-two guineas. I was certain I could not afford it. Neither is it possible to do the duties of both without neglecting each of them. Dr, Crawford was last week elected physician to St. Thomas' Hospital — perhaps I may get some instruction from him." Again, March 4, 1784, he says he is attending the lectures of John Hunter, "more for the name of the thing than anything else " (parenthetically it may be said that this is an unconscious expres- sion of homage, a tribute to the fame of John Hunter). " Dr. Wistar lives in the same house with me; we attend him together."' Dr. James Lyons states, London, September 6, 1784, that he was much indebted to Mr. Wistar's friendship for the loan of his notes, taken very fully from the lectures of John Hunter last winter.^ Dr. John llodgers says, London, August 9, 1784, "but I am somewhat disappointed in my liigh-raised expectations of its medical perfections. I am persuaded that medicine is taught more scientifi- cally in Philadelphia than in London, and that our teachers are more attentive to the improvement of their pupils than they are here. The hospitals here afford great numbers of chirurgical cases, but yet the distinction betw^een the physician's and surgeon's pupils prevents the students from seeing the prescriptions of the one and the chirurgical practice of the other, and the fees to accommodate this matter are monstrously enormous." Dr. John R. B. Rodgers wrote, London,' July 7, 1784, Dr. Grif- fitts "returns to Philadelphia with a high idea of our University; he will be able to tell you, what he has often told me, that he has re- ceived more satisfiiction and improvement from his medical masters in Philadelphia than anywhere else. "^ The coming of the College of Physicians is foreshadowed in the following extracts : Dr. Francis Rigby Brodbelt, of Spanish Town, Jamaica, wrote June 25, 1783 : "I wish much to belong to your Philosophical Society at Philadelphia, and to be an honorary or ordinary fellow of your College of Physicians."* 1 Eusli MS., vol. 7. 2 Rush MS., vol. 9. 3 Rush MS., vul. 7. * Eush MS., vol. 29. 18 RUSCHENBERGER, Dr. Samuel Towel Griffitts wrote, London, August 10, 1783 : " Your idea of an American college of physicians is what has several times occurred to me."' Dr. John Coakley Lettsom says, London, September 8, 1783 : "I think were I in Philadelphia, I should not only have a Philo- sophical Society, like our Royal Society or the French Academic des Sciences, but likewise a medical college taking in likewise foreign members." Again, September 7, 1785 : " "When that legion of Science, Dr. Franklin, arrives, which may Heaven permit, I hope he will spread an intellectual shock throughout your continent. The season of peace is the harvest of science. Set your men of science upon studying your own country, its native and improvable productions. Your re- sources would influence Europe. Your reflections would instruct her."* Dr. Rush, who was a free and fascinating talker, probably men- tioned these suggestions to his colleagues of the medical faculty of the University of the State. They knew, as well as Dr. Lettsom, that London had then a College of Physicians, and that in the popu- lation of the great city a sufficient number of suitably qualified men from which to fill and recruit its membership could always be found. They may have thought that what was easy to do in London might be very difficult, if not impossible, in this, then small community. Although Philadelphia had physicians who were peers of the fellows of any medical fraternity in the world, they were not numerous enough to constitute an efficient and stable college. At any rate, no evidence appears that any one at that time proposed to form a society exclusively of physicians of established reputation. The City Directory — the first ever issued — which was published November, 1785, contains the names of forty-six practitioners of medicine and surgery and two dentists. But they were not all. Many, no doubt, resided beyond the city limits, in the rural districts, and were not included in this directory. The total number of persons engaged in the practice of medicine in the county was possibly not 1 Kush MS., vol. 21. 2 Eush MS., vol. 28. INSTITUTION OF COLLKniO OF IMIVSICIANS OF I'M f LA FtKM'M [A. 10 less tlian sixty. Soirir; of tlMiin were ;it tlio time members of tlie Amcricjiu Medical Society. The idea of a College of Physicians seems to have been in shape of rumor for some time before an attempt to realize it was made. No record lias been found wliicli precisely fixes the day of its begin- ning. The archives of the College contain a copy of the first address of the first president, but the date of its delivery is not given ; a copy of the first constitution, also without date; and a record of minutes of proceedings at the meetings, beginning January 2, 1787, and con- tinued ever since. The first Tuesday of every month was appointed for the stated meetintrs. At the meeting January 2, 1787, nine senior and four junior fellows were present. Drs. Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Dufiield, and Samuel P. Griffitts were appointed a committee to prepare a form of diploma or certificate of membership, and a device of a seal for the College. The constitution, with an invitation to the friends of medical science for communications, was ordered to be published in the newspapers. A fair copy of the constitution was presented and signed by the members present. Drs. William Shippen, Adam Kuhn, and William W. Smith were appointed a committee to draft by-laws. Adjourned. The form of the constitution of the College of Physicians of Phila- delphia was published in The Pennsylvania Packet and Daily Ad- vertiser, February 1, 1787, p. 2. (See Appendix.) The College was to consist of twelve senior fellows, who were the only fellows eligible to office, and an indefinite number of junior fellows. At the date of publication of the constitution the list of members was printed as follows : Senior Fellows. Junior Fellows. John Redman, Robert Harris. John Jones, Benjamin Duffield, William Shippen, Jr., John Foulke, Benjamin Rush, James Hall, 20 RUSCHENBERGER, Senior Fellows. Junior Fellows. Samuel DufBeld, Andrew Eoss, James Hutchinson, William Currie, Abi'aliam Cliovet, John Carson, John Morgan, William W. Smith, Adam Kuhn, Samuel P. Griffitts, Gerardus Clarkson, John Morris, Thomas Parke, William Clarkson, George Glentworth. Benjamin Say, John Lynn.' "All communications that are included in the objects of the Col- lege, specified in the preamble of the constitution, may be addressed to the Secretary (post-paid, when they are sent by that conveyance), or to any fellow of the College. "It is to be hoped the friends of medical science in every part of the United States will concur in promoting by useful communica- tions the important designs of this institution. "Published by order of the College. "James Hutchinson, " Secretary. " The present officers of the college are: President. Treasurer. John Redman. Gerardus Clarkson. Vice-President. Secretary. John Jones. James Hutchinson. Censors. William Shippen, Jr., John Morcjan, Benjamin Rush, Adam Kuhn. " j|@°"The difiFerent printers in the United States are requested to publish this in their papers." * The name of John Lynn was dropped from the list of members, probably because he did not sign the constitution, nor pay entrance fee. He was present at only one meeting — October, 1787. INSTITUTION OF COIJ.KOK OK PIIYSICIANH OF I'll n.AOKM'll I A. 21 It i,s self-evident tliat tlic College was organized and itH officerH elected prior to tluH proclamation of its existence. The minutes of the mooting of January 2, 1787, do not mention the matter, or refer to the address of the L'resident. There is no douht that the consti- tution was considered and adopted, and the officers were elected at meetings held previous to this date.' The first address made to the College by the first president, Dr. John Redman, begins : "At our first meeting to form a society under the state and style of a College of Physicians, and to organize our- selves by choosing proper officers and members, so as to constitute a body, you were pleased to honor me Avith your suffrages and elect me your president. Upon that occasion I felt myself oppressed, and, for some reasons, undetermined whether I should continue in the office. I therefore signified my acceptance only by a tacit consent rather than otherwise. . . . Being unavoidably prevented, I had not the pleasure of attending your next meeting. But have now the peculiar happiness of seeing you convened in a body, and, I trust, united in those bonds which are the result of most benevolent prin- ciples." etc. This statement indicutes that at least three meetings had been held prior to that of January 2d, and that the election of officers was held at the first of the three meetings. It seems not unreasonable to suppose that a meeting of the founders, possibly informal in char- acter, had preceded that at which the first election occurred. These data imply very distinctly that the institution of the College was begun in September, and that the first election was held in October, 1786. Nevertheless, the birthday of the College was January 2, 1787, the first Tuesday of the month. The purposes of the association and the title it should assume had already been agreed upon. On that day the founding was completed. » Dr. Henry Bond, at the time Secretary of the College, in remarks prefatory to the Quarterly Summary of the Transactions of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, for November and December, 1841, and January, 1842, says : " The College of Physicians of Philadelphia was instituted toward the close of the year 1786 ; the first meeting after its full organization was held on the 2d of January, 1787." 99 RUSCHENBERGER. The constitution had been prepared for signature ; and felloAvs signed it that day, and ordered that the institution of the new society should be proclaimed to the world, and that all who were friendly to the progress of medical science should be invited to join in its pro- motion. On that day also they ordered a certificate of membership, a suitable device for a seal of the College, and by-laws to guide its proceedings to be prepared. At the stated meeting February 6, 1787, seven senior and eight junior fellows were present. The Secretary reported that the constitution had been published. The device for a seal was submitted and after substituting the word " totV for ^^aliis " in the motto, so as to read, non sibi sed toti, was adopted, and the seal ordered to be cut. Its legend is, " Sigillum Col- legii Medicorum Philadelphi^e. Institut. A.D. MDCCLXXXVII." Seal of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Instituted A.D. 1787. This legend has the authority of historical record, so far as it goes, and possibly suggests that the founders may have regarded the institution of the College as the work of the whole year. Never- theless, other testimony distinctly shows that the existence of the College properly dates from its first recorded action, the first Tuesday of January, as already stated ; unless it be assumed that the time between conception and incorporation Avas its period of gestation, and that its lawful existence did not begin till March 26, 1789, the date of its charter. A proposed form of diploma was laid on the table. Dr. Rush read a paper "On the Means of Promoting Medical Knowledge."^ The meetings of the College of Physicians were then held on the premises of the University of the State of Pennsylvania — i. e., in the old Academy, Fourth and Arch Streets — on the first Tuesday in each month, at four o'clock p.m. from October till March, and at five o'clock P.M. from April to September. The first standing committee, that on Meteorology and Epidemics, was appointed March 6, 1887.^ It made reports every year from that date till November, 1882 — ninety-five years — Avhen it was 1 Printed in the Transactions of the College, vol. 1, part 1, 1793. ^ Drs. Carson, Griffitts, Morris, Hall, and "William Clarkson. INSTITUTKJN OV (U)\A,Kr.K OF J'JIYSICIANK OF I'll I LADKMMI T A. 23 aboliHlici;i,IM( I A. 26 of Uic (/'ollcj^c \v:is tli.-i.t; Dr. SmiiiiicI I'owel GriffittH was appointed Secretary in pl;ic(! of Dr. 1 1 iilcliinson. A notable leature of tlie proceed iiin;.s of tlie (U>]]c<^o, in 1789 was an effort to induce suitably (qualified persons throughout the country to cooperate in the formation of a Pharmacopoeia of the United States. To this end a circular letter was issued April 7th, The legislature having granted permission, a bill was prepared for the incorporation of the College and presented in February, 1780; and the president in behalf of the committee reported, May 5, 1789, that the bill had been enacted and that an authentic copy of the act had been procured. It is dated March 26, 1789. The president called a special meeting of the College, April 16, 1789,^ to consult the members on the propriety of representing to the authorities the disagreeable consequences which might ensue at this time from the general illumination, which was proposed on the arrival of the President of the United States, who would reach the city on the 20th, on his way from Mount A^ernon to New York, to be there inaugurated on the 30th. Influenza was then epidemic. A committee was appointed^ to wait upon the Supreme Executive Council the next morning, and " inform them that although the Col- lege of Physicians do sincerely join their fellow-citizens in their joy on the occasion, yet they cannot be so inattentive to the health of many under their care, as to decline informing the Council that a general illumination of the city might be productive of fatal consequences." There were military and civic demonstrations of cordial welcome to General Washino;ton on his arrival at Grab's Ferry and in the city; and there was "a handsome display of fireworks in the even- ing," but no general illumination^ is mentioned. Another event indicative of the standing which the society had already attained in the community is notable. In Xovember, a com- mittee, appointed by the Legisiature of the Commonwealth to draft a bill to amend the laws of the State for preventing the introduction of ^ Drs. Kedman, Jones, Kuhn, Eusb, Parke, Wistar, Leib, Gibbons, Griffitts, Cunningham were present at the meeting. ' Di-s. Eedman, Jones, and Rush. ' For an account of AVashington's entrance into the citv, April 20, see The Columbian Magazine, April, 1789, vol. 5, p. 282. 26 RUSCHENBERGER, infectious diseases, applied to the College for information on the sub- ject. The" application was referred to a committee to answer.^ Twelve stated and three special meetings were held during the year*. The average attendance was 11.8, the lowest number present at a meeting was 6, and the highest 17. One was added to the roll of fellows, one founder [John JNIorris] forfeited his place upon it, and another was removed by death. Dr. John Morgan, one of the Censors, who was present at the meeting October 6, died on the 15th. At a special meeting Novem- ber 15th, Dr. Thomas Parke was duly elected a censor in his place. The minutes of proceedings contain no other notice of this emi- nent physician. As the character of its founders is interesting to the Fellows of the College, it seems proper to supplement the record, when necessary, with sketches of their lives. NOTICE OF DR. JOHiST MORGAN. Dr. John Morgan contributed more than any individual to the foundation of systematic medical teaching and of medical progress in this city. He was the founder of the first medical school estab- lished under a charter on this continent; and the first medical pro- fessor elected by the College of Philadelphia ; one of the founders of the first Medical Society of Philadelphia ; one of the founders of the College of Physicians ; and among the first to give books to form its library. His education and training at home and abroad, added force to natural endowments of a high order, and eminently qualified him to win his way as a pioneer. Dr. Morgan, a son of Evan Morgan, a respectable Welsh gentleman who had been long settled in the province, was born in Philadelphia, A. D. 1735. Having taken the course of classical instruction at the Nottingham Academy, Chester Co., Pa., then in charge of the Rev. Samuel Finley, he was transferred to the College of Philadelphia, and, at the first commencement held by that institution, received the bachelor's degree May 17, 1757. He began the study of medicine about the time he entered college. In a preface to his Discourse upon the Institution of Medical /Schools ^ Drs. Eedman, Jones, Shippen, Rush, and Hutchinson. iNSTi'i'ii'i'ioN 01'' (;()I,m;(;I': oi' imivskmans ok imiii-aimvLI'IIia. 27 in AiiLcricd, Ik; suys, spcakini^ of" his jjrofcs.sion.-il tniiuing, tliat lie served an apprcnticcsliij) of six years with I>r. John Kcdinan, and within that period had put up the prescriptions (;!' all the physiciaii.s of the Pennsylvania llos|»ita,l durin;^ more than a year. On the close of his apprenticeslii)) Ik; joined tin; jirovineial troops in tlie jjist war waji^ed by Great ]^i-itain aiKl her colonies against tlie French. lie was in Forbcs's expedition ainl held a lieutenant's commission, dated April 1, 1758, but acte(j (•lii(;lly as surgeon ; and, according to Col. Burd's report to the Governor, "did his b d'un\ wiUiout i.sHiK!, .Ijirin.'ii-y 2, 17Hr>, juid w;ih hniifo uii'lci" iIh- door of St. rctcr's Oliurcli, IMiiludclpliiii.' At tin; (•()iiiiii(;iiccin(;rit, May, 1766, Dr. Morgan waH awarded a ^old Tiic'dul, wliicli liiid been jireseiited by Mr. John Sargent, of London, to the College of l*hiladelj)bia, to be bestowed on tlie author of the best essay on " The reciprocal advantages of a perpetual union bctAvccn Great Britain and her American Colonics." His competitors for this prize were Stephen Watts, Francis Ilopkinson, and Joseph Reed. Their papers were published together in a small volume, the name of the author of each being appended to it ; the essay of Mr. Reed was not signed by him.^ He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society, December, 1766, and was one of the curators for 1769. He con- tributed four papers, which were published in the second volume of the Transactions of the Society. At the suggestion of the Rev. Dr. William Smith, Provost of the College, Dr. Morgan went to Jamaica and other islands of the West Indies, in 1773, to solicit contributions for the institution, and ob- tained about three thousand pounds.* Early in the War of Independence, Dr. Morgan gave up a lucrative practice, in opposition to the judgment of friends, to accept the office of Director-General and Physician-in-Chief of the American Hospital, to which he Avas appointed October 17, 1775. He was successor to Dr. Benjamin Church, the first Director-General, who was dismissed, ^ Provincial Counsellors of Pennsylvania who held OflSice between 1733 and 1776, and those earlier Counsellors who were sometime Chief Magistrates of the Province, and their Descendants. By Charles P. Keith. Philadelphia, 1883. Eecord of Pennsj-lvania Marriages prior to 1810. Harrisburg, 1880. Vol. i. p. 182. "Sunday last, died, greatly lamented by her numerous friends and acquaint- ances, Mrs. Mary Morgan, the amiable consort of Doctor John Morgan, of this city." — Pennsylvania Journal, Saturday, January 8, 1785. * Life and Correspondence of Joseph Keed, Military Secretary of TTashington at Cambridge, etc. Bj^ his Grandson, William B. Keed. Vol. i. p. 40. Lindsay & Blakiston, Philadelphia, 1847. ^ A Memoir of the Eev. "William Smith, D.D., Provost of the College, Academy, and Charitable School of Philadelphia. By Charles J. Stille. Philadelphia, 1869. 36 RUSCHENBERGER, being convicted of treasonable correspondence. In the performance of his arduous duties he provoked the antagonism of many of his subordinates, especially among the regimental surgeons and mates, because, it is supposed, he insisted upon a rigidly economical use of hospital stores, and recommended that, prior to appointment, the qualifications of medical officers should be ascertained by suitable examination. He had rivals among the medical directors in the army, who did not act in harmony with him. Many complaints were made that the supplies to the hospitals were deficient. He applied to Congress to be informed of the source of these charges, but in vain. He had an interview with Dr. Rush, who had been elected to Congress, July 20, 1776, for that year, after the Declaration of Independence had been proclaimed, which he, with others who had been elected with him, signed after the document was engrossed, but obtained no information from him, though he was chairman of the medical committee. Dr. Morgan says : "When the remnant of the army that retreated from Brunswick had crossed the Delaware, I proceeded to Philadel- phia to wait on Congress, and to lay matters before them in person, for such regulations for the better care of the sick and wounded as were suitable to the occasion, and to obtain an explanation and amendment of the resolves of Congress, October 9th. I met Dr. Rush in the street, and attempted, for a moment, to detain him till I could acquaint him with the present circumstances and situation of afiairs ; he gave me no time. All he said was, that ' he was glad I was come ; it would take a great burden from his shoulders,' and passed on. When I afterwards called upon him at his house to represent matters to him there, as a member of the medical com- mittee, for relief, the sum of his answer was that ' he would not for ten times the consideration go through the amazing toils and diffi- culties of my station.' But instead of relief from the difficulties and hardships of my situation, all the returns I received from Congress, are complaints disregarded, grievances unredressed, and without an hearing, and without assigning a reason, a dismission from my station, as if Congress intended to fix a stigma on my character. But however hidden the motives for such conduct are, a day may come when these will be fully understood. INSTITUTION OK COM-Kd l-I OK I'll VSKMANS OK I'll I lw\ OKM'II lA. )i7 "Tlic SiMiic njcriUciiiari who then fell, or Hccrncd to feel for rny Hituation, luiviiif^ aincc iiccopted a place, near of kin to that which ho then so earncHtly dejirecated, inay perhaps reirieinher it. I can truly say, should he aspire to, or hereafter enjoy, that very place, I do not wish him the ill treatment and ingratitude for his services in it, which 1 have experienced."' Dr. William Shippcn, Jr., who was chief physician of the Hying camp from July 15, 1776, submitted to Congress, March, 1777, a plan for the organization of the hospital department, which, with some modification, was adopted. He was elected, April 11th, Director-General of all the military hospitals of the United States. lie resigned the office, January 3, 1781.^ He had been arraigned before a military court, sitting in Alorristown, N. J., charged with improper administration of his office. In an address to the public, January, 1781, printed on a large foolscap page. Dr. Morgan says: " Unable to bear further investigation of his conduct, he has been compelled to quit the station of Director- General of Hospitals, by a forced resignation.' At the election of representatives to Congress fi*om Pennsylvania, March 10, 1787, Dr. Rush was not returned, but in the course of the year he was appointed Physician-General of the Military Hospital of the Middle Department, but after a short time resigned his com- mission, Jan. 30, 1788.* Without a hearing Congress dismissed Dr. Morgan from office, Jan. 9, 1777. Although he was subsequently acquitted of all blame,* this summary dismissal Avas a distressing shock. ^ The effects of the blow ^ Vindication of his Public Character, etc., p. 148. ^ Journals of Congress. ' Rush MS., vol. 29. * Journal of Congi-ess, 1788. s After his dismissal, a committee of Congress, appointed at his request, in- vestigated his whole conduct and honorably acquitted him of all the charges which had been brought against him. ^ How keenly he felt the action of Congress is manifested in "A Vindication of his Public Character in the Station of Director-General of the Military Hos- pitals and Physician-in-Chief of the American Army, Anno 1776." By John Morgan, M.D., F.E.S., Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physic in the College of Philadelphia ; member of several Royal Colleges and Academies, and Philosophical and Literary Societies in Europe and America. Printed by Powars & Willis. Boston, M,DCC,LXXVII. 8vo., pp. 43-158. Philadelphia Lbrary, Ridgway Branch. 38 RUSCHENBERGER, were permanent. He and Dr. Rush jointly presented to the trustees of the university of the State a memorial, Feb. 28, 1781, objecting to serve as professors if Dr. William Shippen, Jr., be appointed professor of anatomy. He was appointed, however, and in Nov. 1783, Dr. Rush accepted the chair of chemistry. Dr. Morgan seems not to have performed the duties of the office, although he was elected, at the same time, professor of the theory and practice of medicine. In the only public biographical notice of Dr. Morgan is a false statement which from long-continued iteration has acquired the sta- bility of truth. An attempt to correct it here seems proper. In his introductory lecture, Nov. 2, 1789, eulogizing Dr. Morgan, Dr. Rush says : " It was during his absence from home that he con- certed with Dr. Shippen the plan of establishing a medical school in this city." The frequent repetition of an erroneous statement on such emi- nent authority makes its correction important and, at th^ same time, difficult. In his eulogium on Dr. William Cullen, July, 1790, Dr. Rush says — whether truly or sophistically, may be a question : "To be- lieve in great men, is often as great an obstacle to the progress of knowledge, as to believe in witches and conjurors. It is the image- worship of science ; for error is as much an attribute of man as the desire of happiness ; and I think I have observed that the errors of great men partake of the dimensions of their minds, and are often of a greater magnitude than the errors of men of inferior understanding." There is reason to believe that Dr. Morgan never "concerted" with Dr. Shippen a plan for establishing a medical school in this city. In his letter to Dr. Cullen, Nov. 10, 1764, Dr. Morgan says: "My scheme of instituting lectures you will hereafter know more of. It is not prudent to broach designs prematurely, and mine are not yet fully ripe for execution." At the commencement of the College of Philadelphia, May, 1765, when Dr. Shippen was probably present, Dr. Morgan said, in his discourse on the institution of medical schools : " It is with the highest satisfaction I am informed from Dr. Ship- pen, Junior, that in an address to the public, as introductory to his INSTITUTION oi'' (;<)i,i,i';()i>; ok imi vsioianh ok i'iiii,AOf;i,i'iiiA. '.',U first anat()iiiic;iJ (^onrsf^, lir piviposod hoimc liinls <»!' ;i ))l;iii for fj\\]i\rt mcdicjil l(;(;tiir('H ;uiioii;f us. I>iif, I (lo not h.'arii tli:i(, Ik; rccomrricu'lf;'! at all !i, col I (i<:;i! 1,1,(1 iiii(l(;rt,iikin;^ of" tlii.s kind. What led iih; to it \va.s tlic obviouH utility tlia,t would attend it, and the de.sire I had of preHcnting, a.s a. tribute of <^i-atitude to my alma mater, a fidl and cnlarf^ed plan for the institution of mcidieinc;, in all its hranehcis, in this seminary where I had part of my education, being among the first sons who shared in its public honours. 1 was further induced to it from a consideration, that private schemes of propagating knowl- edge are instable in their nature, and that the cultivation of useful learning can only be effectually promoted under those who are patrons of science, and under the authority and direction of men incorporated for the improvement of literature. " Should the trustees of the College think proper to found a pro- fessorship of anatomy. Dr. Shippen having been concerned already in teaching that branch of medical science is a circumstance favor- able to our wishes. Few hei'e can be ignorant of the great opportu- nities he has had abroad of (|ualifying himself in anatomy, and that he has already given three courses thereof in this city, and designs to enter upon a fourth course next winter." "As far as I can learn, everybody approves of my plan for institut- ing medical schools, and I have the honor of being appointed a public professor for teaching phj^sic in the college here.""^ Preface p. xiv. It is not probable that an honorable man — as Dr. Morgan undoubt- edly was — would have used such language -had he ever "concerted" 1 A Discourse upon the Institution of Medical Schools in America; Delivered at a public Anniversary Commencement, held in the College of Philadelphia May 30 and 31, 1765. "With a Preface, containing amongst other things, the author's apology for attempting to introduce the regular mode of practising Physic in Philadelphia. By John Morgan, M.D., Fellow of the Koyal Society at London ; Correspondent of the Royal Academy of Surgery at Paris ; Mem- ber of the Arcadian Belles Lettres Society at Rome; Licentiate of the Royal Colleges of Physicians in London and '\n Edinburgh ; and Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in the College of Philadelphia. 12mo. pp. xxvi.-63. Philadelphia. Printed and sold by "William Bradford, at the corner of Market and Front Streets. MDCCLXV. Lewis Library, College of Physicians of Philadelphia: Library Historical Society of Pennsvlvania. 40 RUSCHENBERGER, with Dr. Shippen on the subject. The discourse was delivered on a public occasion, and afterward printed. No part of it has been con- tradicted. No evidence has been published to show that Dr. Shippen had in any way assisted Dr. Morgan to devise the plan for a school of medicine in Philadelphia which he had laid before the Trustees of the College. Nor is it certain that they met or were together while abroad. Though Dr. Rush's error in connection with this subject is not significant, does not "partake of the dimensions" of his mind, it is sufiiciently great to be noted for correction, in the interest of truth. The work which Dr. William Shippen, Jr., did toward the insti- tution of medical teaching in Philadelphia was most important and creditable. After more than three years sojourn in Europe he returned to Philadelphia in May, 1762. About the same time a number of crayon pictures and models and casts of anatomical parts, a gift from Dr. John Fothergill, of London, reached the Pennsylvania Hospital, and were exhibited for the benefit of the institution. The Pennsylvania Gf-azette for Nov. 11, 1762, contains the follow- ing announcement : " Mr. Hall — Sir : Please inform the public, that a course of ana- tomical lectures will be opened this winter in Philadelphia, for the advantage of young Gentlemen now engaged in the study of Physic, in this and the neighboring Provinces, whose circumstances and Con- nections will not admit of their going abroad for Improvement to the Anatomical Schools in Europe, and also for the Entertainment of any Gentlemen who may have the curiosity to understand the Anatomy of the Human Frame. " In these Lectures the situation, Figure and Structure of all the parts of the human body will be demonstrated, and their respective Uses explained, and, as far as a Course of Anatomy will permit, their Diseases, with the Indications and method of Cure briefly treated of; all the necessary Operations in Surgery will be performed, a Course of Bandages exhibited, and the whole conclude with an explanation of some of the curious Phenomena that arise from an examination of the Gravid Uterus, and a few plain general Directions in the Study and Practice of Midwifery. INSTITUTION OK (;()l,I,i:(iK OF I'll YSIfM ANS OF I'll I l,A OFLI'IIIA. 41 " The Nocessily ;iii(l public Utility of" .such a course in this grow- ing Counti-y, iiiid llic Method to be pursued therein, will be more piirticul;u-]y explaiiied in an Introductory Leotuuk to be delivered tiiu Kith InHtiuit, at six o'clock in the Evening, at the State IIouhc by William Siiii'pfn jun. M.l). " N. V>. The Managers and Physicians of the Pennsylvania HoSRiTAii, at a Special Meeting, liavc generously consented to coun- tenance and encourage this Undertaking; and to make it more en- tertaining and profitable have granted liiin I Ik; use of some curious Anatomical Casts and Drawin(;s (just arrived in the Carolina, Capt. Friend), presented by the judicious and benevolent Doctor FOTHERGILL, who has improved every Opportunity of promot- ing the Interest and Usefulness of that noble and flourishing Insti- tution." According to this announcement, the Introductory Lecture was delivered. Whether it was printed or not has not been ascertained. The Pennsylvania G-azette of Nov. 25, 1762, No. 1770, contains the following : " Dr. Siiippen's Anatomical Lectures Avill begin to morrow Even- ing, at six o'clock, at his Father's house in Fourth street. " Tickets for the course to be had of the Doctor, at five Pistoles each ; and any Gentlemen who incline to see the subject prepared for the Lectures, and learn the art of Dissecting, Injecting, &c., are to pay five Pistoles more." Those lectures were repeated during the' winters of 1763-64 and of 1764-65, three courses. Dr. Shippen had thus established a private school of anatomy. The announcement of these lectures does not suggest that he regarded them as first steps in the formation of a complete medical college in Avhicli he expected to have, in time, the cooperation of competent teachers ; nor has any testimony been found to show that he intended to make his private school a part of the College of Philadelphia. Some months after Dr. Morgan had presented his plan of establish- ing a public school of medicine, he became a candidate for the pro- fessorship of anatomy. His enterprise, the first of the kind in America, for which he has been justly praised, had, no doubt, a 42 RUSCHENBERGER, quickening influence, and prepared the way to the adoption of Dr. Morgan's scheme. He was a pioneer. Nevertheless, the credit of founding the first school of medicine established in America under a chartered institution belongs exclu- sively to Dr. John Morgan. The importance of the foundation is manifest in the palpable advantages which the community has derived from it. Their consequence enhances the merit of his work, and that gives interest to whatever relates to his career. Dr. Morgan was buried beside his wife, under the middle aisle of St. Peter's Church, October 17, 1789. Angelica Kauflfman painted a portrait of him while he was in Rome, in 1764. The picture is in the possession of his relatives at Morganza, Pa. A copy of it is in the Wistar and Horner Museum of the University. A photograph of an etching from the original was made, not very long ago, by F. Gutekunst, of this city. The record of proceedings of the College shows that during the year 1790, nineteen meetings were held, all occupied chiefly by the afiairs of the College. On the 21st of April, twenty Fellows, in a body, to represent the Society, attended the funeral of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. The by-laws were printed for the first time and presented to the Fellows, June Ist.^ At a special meeting, held on Friday, at 5 o'clock, p. m., July 9th, "in the Grammar School," twenty-five Fellows being present. Dr. Rush delivered an eulogium on Dr. William Cullen, late Professor of the Practice of Physic in the University of Edinburgh, in com- pliance with the unanimous wish of the College, May 4, 1790, to do honor to his distinguished character, and to express its sense of the loss which the republic of medicine has sustained in his death. October 5th, Dr. Samuel Duffield was elected treasurer of the College, vice Dr. Gerardus Clarkson. 1 At that time the Fellows of the College numbered 28. Sect. 1, Art. VIII. of the by-laws: "No member shall divulge the private transactions of the College." INSTITUTION OK COlAA'HiK OV I'll VSKJI ANS OF J'HILAIjKI-I'U I A. 43 NOTK^K OF DIl. <;KRAHI)I;S CLAIlKrtON. Dr. GorarduH (Jliirksoii, the yonw^cnt of the six chiMron of Miitlicw Clarkson, and his ■wife, Cornelia Banker de Peystcr, was born in the city of New York, in 1737. His father died at tlie age of forty years. His niotlicr removed to New Brunswick, N. J., and there married the Rev. Gilbert Tennent, pastor of tlie Presbyterian Church. Shortly afterward, in 1748, Mr. Tennent was called to tiie New Presbyterian Church, in Philadelphia, Gerardus was educated under the supervision of his stepfather, at Log College, Bucks Co., Pa., then under the direction of the Rev. William Tennent, father of Gilbert. He studied medicine under Dr. Thomas Bond. At the close of his apprenticeship, he went to Europe in 17G0, and after a prolonged absence returned and settled in Philadelphia. Relative to the career of Dr. Gerardus Clarkson, the first treasurer of the College, only meagre and unsatisfactory statements have been found in print. The Pennsylvania Gfazette for Sept. 'J.'J., 1790, tells us that Dr. Gerardus Clarkson died on Sunday, Sept. 19th, in the fifty-third year of his age, leaving a numerous and respectable family ; and that his public and private and religious character was in every sense exemplary. The compiler of the Lives of Eminent Philadel- phians now deceased, merely informs us that he w^as a son of Mathew C. Clarkson, of New York, and that he was practising medicine as early as 1774. It is registered in Christ Church, Philadelphia, that Gerardus Clarkson married, May 13, 17G1, Mary Flower. She died, and was buried in St. Peter's churchyard January 20, 1795. He is named among the members of the Philadelphia Medical Society in 1766 or '67. He w'as elected a member of the American Philosophical Society Oct. 14, 1768, and a trustee of the University of the State of Pennsylvania July 21, 1780. The minutes show that he was rarely absent from the meetings of the board of trustees. The duties of treasurer of the Colleire he discharcjed exactly. Diligent inquiry for more information about his life has been fruitless. He was buried in Christ Church cemetery Sept. 20, 1790. There is tes- 44 RUSCHENBERGER, timony that he was a pious, affectionate, modest, beloved physician, and was mourned by a large circle of friends. John Swanwick has expressed lament for his loss in verses "which are among his poems, published in 1797.^ December 7, 1790, the committee on the annual statement of prevalent diseases presented a report. Drs. Jones, Rush, and Parke were appointed to prepare an address, asking Congress to discourage the importation and use of distilled spirits. Dr. Abraham Chovet, one of the founders, died March 24, 1790. His death is not recorded in the minutes of proceedings. NOTICE OF DR. ABRAHAM CHOVET.^ Of the twelve senior founders of the College Dr. Chovet is one who was not born in or near Philadelphia. At the time of forming the Society his years exceeded fourscore. At such an advanced age men are not invited to engage in a new enterprise unless their qualifica- tions are eminent in the estimation of their colleagues. And it is notable that the publications of his time tell us very little about Dr. Chovet. It is only by joining together fragments, a paragraph here and a sentence there, that an outline of his character and career can be sketched at the present time. Mary Ann Marshall presented to the Pennsylvania Hospital an admirable miniature wrought of wax in high relief, on the back of the fi'aming of which is deeply scratched, "Abraham Chovet, born May 25, 1704 — Drawn May 25, 1784, by his servant Dr. Van Eeckhout." In the letter, dated Christmas, 1871, which accompanied the gift, Miss Marshall states that the miniature was presented to her grand- ^ Poems on Several Occasions, by John Swanwick, Esq., one of the Represen- tatives in the Congress of the United States from the State of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1797. ^ This is not a French but an English patronymic ; one of a class of two syl- lable names ending in et or ett^ as Cobbett, Collet, Corbet, Dallet, Govet, Levet, Lovet, Plunket, Nisbet. INSTITUTION OF COLLKOK OF PHYSICIANS OF I'lIH-A I^KIJ'H lA. 46 father ill I7*.*'>, by Mrs. Susjuiiiali Maria J'cnclopc Abington, the doctor's (laughter, wlio died in 1813. Both she and her father were buried in Christ (Jhureh cemetery, at the corner of Arch and Fifth Streets. Dr. Chovct was born in Eiighmd and educated in Jjondon. He fled to Phihidolphia with liis widowed daughter from one of the West India islands to escape from an insurrection of slaves, some years before our revolution. It is stated in Memorials of the Craft of Surgery in England, by John Flint South, London, 188(3, that Mr. Abraham Chovett was appointed, Aug. 21, 1735, Demonstrator of Anatomy in the United Company of Barbers and Surgeons, and resigned Aug. 19, 17^6. The identity of that demonstrator of anatomy and this founder of the College can scarcely be doubted, though the printer has given to his name a redundant t. The tombstone of Mrs. Abington, Dr. Chovet's daughter, tells that she was born Oct. 30, 1736, and died April 3, 1813. Construed in connection with the date of his appointment in the United Company of Barbers and Surgeons, this record implies that he w?.£ married in London. His wife died in Philadelphia, and was buried in Christ Church cemetery February 12, 1785. A periodical of the time announces that Dr. Abraham Chovet, an eminent anatomist and extraordinary man, died, of an acute disease, March 24, 1790, in the eighty-sixth year of his age. He visited his patients in all weathers till within a few weeks before his death. A few minutes before he died he requested his family to give him a plain funeral, and by no means to have the bells rung for him, because he wished not to disturb sick people by such an unnecessary noise. The custom of ringing a passing bell was originally a signal of a soul's passing from this world into the world of spirits, and intended to call upon all persons within the sound of that bell to fall on their knees and pray for that departed soul. Dr. Chovet said, " that physician was an impostor who did not live till he was eighty." He devoted the early part of his life to the study of anatomy, under the ablest anatomists of Europe. He after- ward settled in the island of Jamaica, where he continued his 46 RUSCHENBERGEK, anatomical dissections and studies. He came to Philadelphia in 1770.1 Dr. John Morgan says, in his paper on the " Art of Making Anatomical Preparations by Corrosion : " " Dr. Chovet, now [1786] resident in this city, has indeed a good collection of wax preparations of diflferent parts of the human body, which he made in his younger days and brought hither from Europe."" Christopher Marshall, who had accumulated a competency as a druggist and retired from business before the American Revolution began, attended Dr, Chovet's lecture, January 27, 1775. His advertisement was thus : " At the Anatomical Museum in Videl's Alley, Second Street, on Wednesday, the seventh of Decem- ber, at six in the evening, Dr. Chovet will begin his course of Anatomical and Physiological lectures, in which the several parts of the human body will be demonstrated, with their mechanism and actions, together with the doctrines of life, health, and the several effects resulting from the actions of the parts ; on his curious collec- tion of anatomical wax- works, and other natural preparations ; to be continued the whole winter until the course is completed. "As this course cannot be attended with the disagreeable sight or smell of recent deceased and putrid carcases, which often disgust even the students of Physic, as well as the curious, otherwise inclined to this useful and sublime part of natural philosophy, it is hoped this undertaking will meet with suitable encouragement. " Tickets to be had for the whole course at Dr. Chovet's house in Second Street, Philadelphia."^ The price of a ticket was three guineas. In his history of the institution, Dr. George B. Wood states that the Managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital, in April, 1793, purchased from the executors of this eminent and somewhat eccentric physician, his collection of anatomical preparations and wax models, then re- garded as masterpieces of the art. They, with the Fothergill crayons 1 The Universal Asylum and Columbian Magazine, for March, 1790, p. 138. 2 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. ii. p. 366, 1786. ^ Passages from the Diary of Christopher Marshall, kept in Philadelphit* and Lancaster during the American Kevolut)on. Edited by William Duane. Philadelphia: Hazard & Mitchell, 1839-49. INSTITUTION OK (!0M,K(;K OF PHYSICIANS OV I'll II-A I)i;i-I'l( I A. 47 and cjiHts, were; ^ivcri to IIk; I nivcrsily of PennHylviuiia, in yXpril, 1824. TlioHo wliicli liiivc not, Iiccn iiiincd l;y frequent raoving arc .still in the VVistjir und Horner Museum :it tlu; UniverHity. It is related that a eontiite Tory, I,s;iac Hunt, was in a cart riding through the Htreets, and ;il dill'erent halts confessing his errors and asking pardon of a following niob (tf perHLli. To enable the College to liire a room suitable for its meetings and accommodation of its library, it was determined to increase tlic entrance fee to ten pounds (^26.66), and after July, 1792, the annual contribution to four dollars. December Gth. A room in the hall of the American Philosophical Society had been leased from December 10, 1701, till June 10, 1794, — three years and a half — for thirty pounds (^79.80) prepaid — less than $28 a year — and the room furnished at a cost of §72. The thanks of the College had been presented to the Trustees of the late College and Academy of Pliiladelphia for the use of a room. The Society's beginning as an independent householder was modest, inexpensive. NOTICE OF DK. JOHN .TONES. The decease of Dr. Jones is not mentioned in the record of pro- ceedings. But in returning thanks to the College for his reelection to the presidency, Dr. John Redman said, August 2, 1701, "I should not have been easy under the sense I had of my growing in- firmities of body and mind for some time past, to have continued to accept the honor you have so repeatedly conferred upon me, but from the consideration that you always joined a colleague with me as Vice-President, whose eminence and reputation in our profession, and whose clearness of judgement, vigor of faculties, and easy manner of conveying his sentiments, together with his friendly dis- position to aid me, fully obviated and prevented any ill effects, natur- ally to be expected from declining age, and rendered my situation more pleasant than otherwise it might have been. But though much and justly respected by us, and all connected with him in kindred, friendship, and business, he was mortal, and he has gone — no more to return, to aid by his talents, or gratify us by his presence at our 4 50 RUSCHENBERGER, meetings, or cheer us by his affability, agreeable converse, and polite manners. And, therefore (though somewhat late and unseasonable), I must indulge myself in sympathizing with you and regretting the real loss -which the republic of medicine in general, and our col- legiate society in particular, have sustained thereby. Much did I expect, from his being several years younger than myself, and so well and justly esteemed by you, that he would be my next successor; and from a settled resolution soon to request my dismission (if not otherwise removed), I sometimes flattered myself with having the pleasure to see him raised to your presidential chair — to which I should most heartily have concurred — as well on account of his own merit and qualifications, as because it would have been highly grati- fying to me to be a living witness of our College being headed by one whose eminence in more than one of the material branches of medical science, and reputation among our citizens in general was still very flourishing, and whose connection with and estimation in which he was held by the higher orders and rank of them, was so conspicuous and intimate, as might contribute to the greater external dignity of the institution, and render its influence more powerful and effectual on any particular occasion of public utility, wherein it might be thought requisite or be called upon to exert it." The first President's tribute to the memory of the first Vice- President excites curiosity now to know something of his career. Dr. Redman speaks only of those personal qualities which made him a beloved companion, when a dozen Fellows, more or less, assembled at the afternoon meetings and discussed matters in a col- loquial manner, both before the meeting was called to order and after its adjournment. The record implies that the formal proceedings seldom occupied much time. Dr. Joseph Parrish, in his obituary notice of Dr. Thomas Parke, alludes to tradition of the early meetings where the elders and juniors mingled in pleasant and profitable con- versation. Dr. John Jones, son of Dr. Evan Jones (and grandson of Edward Jones, whose wife Mary was the eldest daughter of Dr. Thomas Wynne), was born at Jamaica, Long Island, N. Y., in 1729. All his grandparents belonged to the Society of Friends, and were born INHTI'IUTION OF (;()I.M';(JIO OK I'llY.SlCIAiNS OF I'Jl I LAI>I;LI'II lA. /> 1 and lived in Widcs prior to KJH'i. In tlinfc yoar Kdw;ird .Jones ;ind luH fjuiiiiy s(!l.tl('d in Mcsrion Township, (Jounty of I'Jiilafloljdiia, l':i. After Htudyinif ni(;(licin(! for .sometime under the direction of l>r. Thomas (yinlwahuh'r and of liis fatlicr, wlio practised medicine in Philadelphia for a while hefore he removed to Long Island,' John Jones went to Europe, continued his studies in London, Edinburgh, and I'aris, and, in IT-")!, received the degree of M.I), from the University of llheims. On his return from Europe, he settled in New York and obtained practice. About the year 1758, he was a surgeon in the colonial army employed against the French. At the close of tliis war he resumed private practice. When a medical department was estab- lished in what was then King's College, 1768, he was appointed professor of surgery.^ He was chosen, April 21, 1769, a member of the American Philo- sophical Society, and elected a member of its Council, January, 1786. In the autumn of 1775, he published P^am Remarks on Wounds and Fractures, for the use of surgeons of the army and navy, very many of whom at that time lacked surgical experience. In the then critical condition of American affairs, the work was regarded as op- portune and valuable. About the close of the year 1779, or the beginning of 1780, he settled in Philadelphia. In 1780 he succeeded Dr. John Redman as one of the Physicians of the Pennsylvania Hospital ; was elected the first President of the Humane Society, and a consulting physician of the Philadelphia Dispensary. In 1786 he was elected the first Vice-President of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Dr. John Jones was especially distinguished as a successful Uthoto- mist, and also as an accoucheur. He "was generally considered to be the foremost American surgeon of his day, noted for the prudence 1 The Early Physicians of Philadelphia and its Yicinity. By James J. Levick, M.D. * History of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania. By Joseph Carson, M.D., etc. Note p. 68. 52 RUSCHENBERGER, of the plan and the celerity of his operations, a quality very highly valued before the introduction of aniBSthetics.^ He was an intimate friend and the physician of Dr. Benjamin Franklin, and attended him in his last illness. He was also the family physician of President Washington after the government of the United States was removed to Philadelphia. Dr. Jones personally was of medium but slender stature. His chest was well-formed. He was frequently afflicted with asthma. He had a quick and penetrating eye, a cheerful though sedate coun- tenance, and his whole deportment Avas urbane. His gravity of ap- pearance and dignity of manners never failed to command respect. Few persons possessed more of those engaging qualities which render a man estimable, both professionally and otherwise, than Dr. Jones. His conversation was most pleasing. His language floAved in an easy, spontaneous manner, and was animated by a vein of sprightly but always unoffending wit, which delighted while it secured attention. He was a belles-lettres scholar ; was observant, and pos- sessed a good memory ; and was ever a most agreeable, entertaining, and instructive companion. Dr. Jones died June 23, 1791, in the sixty-third year of his age, very sincerely and widely regretted. The average attendance at the meetings during 1792 was 10.1. March 6th. Dr. Waters volunteered to be librarian for one year. April 3d. The printing of a volume of transactions was discussed; Drs. Shippen, Rush, and Griffitts were appointed, June 5th, to pre- pare a preface for the work, and papers to be printed were selected by ballot. 1 The Surgical Works of the late John Jones, M.D. Formerly Professor of Surgery in the College of New York, Fellow [?] of the American Philosophical Society, President of the Humane Society, and Vice-President of the College of Phj'sicians of Philadelphia, Physician of the Pennsylvania Hospital, and Philadelphia Dispensary. The third edition. To which are added a short account of the life of the author with occasional notes and observations. By James Mease, M.D., Kesident Physician of the Port of Philadelphia. Printed by Wrigley & Berriman, Philadelphia, 1795. Copy presented by Dr. Mease to the Library Company of Philadelphia. INSTITII'I'ION OK COLM'lUM OK IMIVSICIANS OK I'MILA DKf-I'H I A. /)/} July '>(l. Tilt! |)ul)lic:iLiori ol' Trarmuctlons wjw postponed and the cominitteo diHchnr^fid. November (!lli. At liis own request, Dr. Waters wjis superseded an librarian by Dr. Loib; and as a member of tlie T'ommittfe on Meteoroloify l)y Dr. Parke. ^riic Miiimtcs of I7!t2 are brief, without interesting record. Two Fellows wore elected, and one of the Seniors died. The loss is not noted. NOTICE OF DR. GEORGE GLENTWORTII. Dr. George Glentworth was born in Philadelphia, July 22, 1735. After completing an academic course, he was apprenticed to Dr. Peter Sonmans, a ])hysician and surgeon of extensive practice, and a member of the American Philosophical Society from October, 17G8. lie died March 15, 1776, aged sixty-seven years. At the close of his apprenticeship, Dr. Glentworth was appointed a junior surgeon in the British Army. He went to Europe in 1755, spent three years attending hospitals and lectures, and, after defending a thesis on pulmonary consumption, received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the University of Edinburgh. On his return to Philadelphia he became the partner of Dr. Son- mans. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society October 14, 1768. In 1777 he relinquished a large practice, and accepted, first the appointment of a regimental surgeon, and afterward that of a senior surgeon in the military hospital of the American army. He re- sumed private practice in 1780. In 1786 he joined in founding the College of Physicians, and was one of the twelve Senior Fellows. He died from an attack of gout November 4, 1792, aged 57 years. It is represented that he was noted for his humanity to the poor ; for his good temper and agreeable deportment, and for being a con- stant reader of professional books. The Rev. Dr. Samuel Magaw, on the Sunday next after his 64 RUSCHENBERGER, funeral, spoke of him from hu, pulpit. He said: "Thy fellow citizens, thy neighborhood, thy family, thy church, miss thee, vener- able man, Glentworth ! the faithful, the experienced, able, successful physician, whose pleasing unwearied task it was, by day and by night, to soften and relieve the ills of sickly human nature ; Glent- worth, the mild, the sociable, the friendly, the intelligent, the patri- otic citizen ; Glentworth, the amiable pattern of domestic attention, worth and respectability. The testimony to thy virtues, given in this solemn place, is short; not so shall be the remembrance of them."^ Notable and interesting events connected with the College occurred during the year 1793. The average attendance at the nineteen meetings was 10.5. Dr. William Clarkson resigned February 9th, because new and different engagements would prevent him from discharging his duties in the College. NOTICE OF DR. WILLIAM CLARKSON. Dr. William Clarkson, a son of Dr. Gerardus Clarkson, was born November 7, 1763. He was a graduate of the College of New Jersey, and, in 1785, of the medical department of the University of the State of Pennsylvania. After his resignation from the Col- lege of Physicians he entered the ministry of the Presbyterian Church. He was settled in Bridgeton, N. J. ; in Schenectady, N. Y. ; in Savannah, Ga., and in John's Island, S. C, where he died September 9, 1812. He married Catharine, a daughter of William Floyd, who was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. May 7th. Article 7 of the Constitution was amended so as to read : " The business of the Censors shall be to inspect the records and examine the accounts and expenditures of the College, and report thereon. And all communications made to the College, after being read at one of the stated meetings, shall be referred to the President, Vice-President, Censors, and such other members of the College as 1 Columbian Magazine, p. 367, vol. 9, 1792. iNS'i'i'i'ii'i'ioN 01'' (;om,K(;k ov imiysicianh ok I'Iiii-ai>i;m'iiia. oo sluill ]h\ iioniiiiiitcd ("or IJic piifposc, \vli<) ,sli;ill (Ictnniiino hy vote tiikoii by Icillot,, on tin; |)ro|)ii('ty of jmblishin;^ thciri in tlio Trans- actions of tlu! (U)]]v,fS,('.." Under a rule of tlii.s kind, uniiiij)oitiint or imperfectly cou.sidered osHjiyH had little chance of publication A committee to print,' iinolln r to ])ublisli,^ and a third' to prepare a preface for the first volume of TrannactioriH were appointed. A special meeting was held August 2.0th, to consider what steps the College should take, consistently witli duty to their fellow citizens, in connection with "the prevalence of a fever of a very alarming nature in some parts of the city." Drs. Hush, Hutchinson, Say, and Wistar, Avere appointed to consider the subject and report the next day. August 26th. It was resolved to meet every Monday at four o'clock P.M., "to confer upon the treatment of the existing malignant fever." The following "directions for preventing the further progress of the malignant fever" were adopted, signed by the Vice-President and Secretary, and a copy ordered to be sent to the Mayor of the city. August 26, 1793. The College of Physicians having taken into consideration the malignant and contagious fever which now prevails in this city, have agreed to recommend to their fellow citizens the following means of preventing its progress : First. That all unnecessary intercourse should be avoided with such persons as are infected by it. Second. To place a mark upon the door or Avindows of such houses as have any infected persons therein. Third. To place the persons infected in the centre of large and airy rooms, in beds Avithout curtains, and to pay the strictest regard to cleanliness by frequently changing their body and bed linen: also by removing as speedily as possible all offensive matters from their rooms. Fourth. To provide a large and airy hospital, in the neighbor- hood of the city, for the reception of such poor pei-sons as cannot be accommodated Avith the above advantages in private houses. ^ Ross, Wistar, and Griffitts. ' Leib, Currie, and Gibbons. ^ Rush, Shippen, and Griffitts. 66 RUSCHENBERGER, Fifth. To put a stop to. the Tolling of the Bells. Sixth. To "bury such persons as die of this Fever in carriages, and in as private a manner as possible. Seventh. To keep the streets and wharves of the city as clean as possible. As the contagion of the disease may be taken into the body, and pass out of it without producing the fever, unless it be rendered active by some occasional cause, the following means should be attended to, to prevent the contagion being excited into action in the body : Eighth. To avoid all fatigue of body and mind. Ninth. To avoid standing or sitting in the sun, also in a current of air, or in the evening air. Tenth. To accommodate the dress to the weather, and to exceed rather in warm than in cool clothing. Eleventh. To avoid intemperance ; but to use fermented liquors, such as wine, beer, and cider, Avith moderation. The College conceives Fires to be a very ineffectual if not dangerous means of checking the progress of the fever. They have reason to place more dependence upon the burning of Gunpowder. The benefits of Vinegar and Camphor are confined chiefly to infected rooms, and they cannot be used too frequently upon handkerchiefs or in smelling bottles by persons whose duty calls them to visit or attend the sick. (The original of the above, with some erasures and some words interlined, is in the writing of Dr. Rush.) September 3d. An account of yellow fever in 1762, with the method of cure, by Dr. John Redman, was read. For his important communication the College voted him its thanks.^ The Secretary reported that twenty-six copies of the first part of Vol. I. of the Transactions of the College had been received from the publisher. The printing committee was directed to send a copy to the author of each paper in the volume, and to the medical societies of the United States and of Europe. Ordered that the College meet every Tuesday and Friday, at 4 o'clock, p. M. 1 The original MS., written by Dr. Eedman, is in the library of the College INSTITUTION OK (;oi,M;(i 10 01'' I'llVSIOIANS 1' l'IIII,AO);i,l'IlfA. 57 Scpt(!ml)(!r (Itli. A Icttei- was rocoivcd froin \)v. IJusli, " rocom- mcndinfi; the lihci-ul uho of mercury, particularly in \\t;^y. of I'hyKicians of riiiliulelpliiii, us Ji body, iiiid fntiii Htivcnil iiidividiial pliyrti- cians of tlic pluco, on iiccount of tlic extent to wliicli lie had carried bloodletting in his pr:icti('e in the epidemic, but more especially on account of a [)iirga,tive dose he had introduced, which in size was de- nounced as perfectly enormous. It was a mixture of ten grains of calonjel and ten of jalap — a dose which is now accounted moderate, at least, if not diminutive. But previously to that time calomel had never been so copiously administered in I'hiladelphia, nor, as far as I am informed, in any other part of the Middle or Eastern Atlantic States. From three to five or six grains of that article had been re- garded until then as an ample dose. "In his representations of the Avrongs he had thus suffered, and of the calumnies and invectives with which he and his practice had been assailed, the Doctor was sufficiently sarcastic and trenchant. Nor were his remarks altogether unspiced w'ith humor and ridicule. Of the denunciation of his purgative dose of toi and ten, as it was con- temptuously called by his enemies and revilers, he gave the following terse and ludicrous account : '"Dr. Kuhn,' said he, 'called it a murderous dose! Dr. Hodge called it a dose for a liorse ! And Barton called it a devil of a dose 1 Dr. H.,' lie continued, 'who is nearly as large as Goliath of Gath, and quite as vauntful and malignant, even threatened to give me a flogging. Dr. H. flog me ! Why, gentlemen, if a horse kicks me, I will not kick him back again. But here is my man Ben (his coach- man) whose trade is to beat beasts. He is willing to meet Dr. H. in my place, and play brute with him as soon as he pleases. I have that to do which belongs to a man.' "^ November 12th. The committee appointed to prepare a reply to the Governor's communication submitted a report which was recom- ' Autobiography of Charles Caldwell, M.D. "^'ith a preface, notes, and appendix. Bj- Harriot W. Warner. Lippincott, Grambo & Co., Philadel- phia, 1855. Pages 183, 18-4. Possibly Dr. H. means Dr. Hutchinson, who had been dead, at the time of the lecture, about two months. 60 RUSCHENBERGER, mitted with a request to have the facts authenticated, Drs. Say, Leib, and Barton were added to the committee. November 19th. The committee was discharged ; and Drs. Parke, Carson, and Griffitts were appointed to answer the Governor's com- munication. November 26th. A reply to the Governor was adopted ; substan- tially, that the fever was imported in vessels arriving in the port after the middle of July. Cleanliness of the streets, the use of gun- powder as a disinfectant, and of unslacked lime in privy wells were recommended. December 3d. Drs. Samuel DuflBeld and Caspar Wistar were elected Censors in place of Dr. Hutchinson, deceased, and Dr. Rush, resigned. Dr. Hugh Hodge was elected a Fellow. NOTICE OF DR. JAMES HUTCHINSON. In his autobiography, Charles Biddle states that Dr. James Hutchinson "was fat enough to act the character of Fallstaff without stuffing." His portrait, which is in the Wistar and Horner Museum at the University of Pennsylvania, does not suggest that his person was of such size or figure. Mr. Biddle says: " He took a warm interest in the politics of the State, and was an active member of the then rising Democratic party. Eminent as a practitioner, he fell a victim to his noble eiforts in behalf of the humbler class of his fellow citizens in September [7th], 1793." Yellow fever in Philadelphia, in 1793, created much alarm among the citizens. Very many left the city in fear of it. Mr. Biddle says : " Although almost afraid to let him come into my house, I sent for Dr. Hutchinson, to advise with him about removing. Before Mrs. Biddle he just mentioned that there was a dangerous fever in town, and that we had best leave it, but when I went to the door with him he told me he had never seen anything so alarming, and desired me to get Mrs. Biddle out of town immediately, and to go myself as soon as I could. He said that, as a physician, he thought it his duty to remain, and let the disorder be ever so bad, he would INSTITUTION OK (JOI.LKOK OF I'HYSICIANS OF I'lII LAI>KI,1'H I A, 01 not lc!iV(; town. I wallaid a liltlo way down tlic Htmot with liini. At parting, lie gavo uw liis liarid, and said it wa.s douljtf'ul whether lie should see me again. I luiighcd at him, little suspecting this would be the last time we should ever nuiet. It was some days before I could arrange matters so as to leave the city, before this worthy man was taken with the disorder, and died in a few days. He was a very able j)hysician, and one of the l^est of men. A student of his, who staid with him, said he wont to all the poor people who sent for him. Visiting one of them, who was a poor old woman, he caught the infection. This student was with him, and said when the doctor opened the door of the sick woman's room there was such a stench came from it that he ran out of the house. The doctor went in, gpened the windows, and sat some time in the room. That night he was taken with the fever, which proved fatal to him. His death increased the alarm very much, and occasioned many to leave the city. He had a great deal of practice, and was respected and esteemed by men of all parties that knew him." In this connection, Mr. Biddle says : ''What added greatly to the distress of those unhappy persons .who took the fever, was the differ- ence of opinion among our most eminent physicians respecting the proper treatment of it. What one recommended, another would condemn, so that all confidence in them was lost. I believe that, in general, too much medicine was given. I was reminded at this time of an anecdote I had often heard Dr. Franklin tell, respecting a malignant fever that was in Barbadoes, which swept off great numbers of the inhabitants. At last they were out of medicine, and it was expected they would all die. It happened, however, otherwise ; for after the medicine was gone, every person that had the disease recovered."^ Dr. Adam Kubn, in his lectures on yellow fever, says that Dr. Shippeu informed him that "!Mr. Pryor has an account of thirty- three persons Avho were pick in the part of the city in which he lived. Of these, seventeen had medical assistance, and of the whole number ^ Autobiography of Charles Biddle, Vice-President of the Supreme Execu- tive Council of Pennsylvania, 1745-1S21. Privately printed. E. Claxton & ■Co. Philadelphia, 1883. 62 RUSCHENBEKGER, one recovered ; tlie other sixteen were not attended by any physician, and of this number one died ! Mr. Pryor had the disease when it prevailed in 1762, He is a man of observation, and assisted his neighbors, and in his own family directed what he thought proper. His method consisted in fomentations with vinegar to bring on perspi- ration, and in recommending wine whey to support it, by which means, he says, all who followed his directions recovered. " The Rev. Mr. Helmuth, Hector of the German Lutheran con- gregation in this city, and who probably saw as many in the disease as any person among us, and who is a gentleman of observation, informs me that some persons, not regularly bred, succeeded much better in the treatment of this disease than the regular physicians. "A number of physicians and students of medicine fell victims to the fever. They contracted the disease by their attendance on the sick. They were treated differently, according to the ideas which they or their medical friends entertained of the nature of the fever. Much the greater number, however, of those who died, as I am informed, were attended by gentlemen who were advocates of plentiful bleeding, and purging with calomel and jalap. Another circum- stance which always appeared to me decisive against this mode of practice, is that the great mortality in the city happened after the time that this method became more generally employed."^ At the beofinnino; of his illness, Dr. Hutchinson sent for Dr. Kuhn, who, in his lectures on yellow fever, says, substantially, " On Saturday, the 31st of August, and within five hours from the time of the attack, I saw him, and received this account from him : That at three o'clock that morning he was seized with a most violent head- ache, attended with fever. He had gone to bed about eleven o'clock, perfectly well ; indeed, he never felt better, or in higher spirits. He was not sensible of any chilliness, pain in the back, or sickness of the stomach. He had no pain anywhere, except in his head, which he described as excruciating. His skin was dry ; his pulse was not much more frequent or fuller than in health. It was determined he 1 Lectures on Yellow Fever. By Adam Kuhn. MS. Libr. Coll. Pliys. Philadelphia. No. P., 844. INSTITUTION OF COlA.KilK OK I'lIYSICIANS OI' I'H I I-A l)KI,l'H M . fJ.'J Hliould tiil<(! some liixiitive, and as lie preferred crcain of tarUir, that was directed. '' Mrs. Hutchinson, with great anxiety, asked me whether it vfoH yellow fever. Observing my embarrassment, he immediately an- swered, ' there is no doubt of it,' for he had that day week examined the houses in Water Street. " At my evening visit, I found tlu; laxative had operated once. Pie was directed to use the cold bath, to take the elixir of vitreol, to drink Rhenish and water, lemonade, and eat ripe fruit. " Ne-^t morning, I found he had passed a restless night. The pain in the head continued. The cream of tartar had not operated a second time. The bath had refreshed him much. He was desired to repeat the cream of tartar and cold bath. "In the evening he informed me that the cream of tartar had operated three times, and to my extreme regret I learned that at each time he had gone down two pair of stairs, besides the steps into his yard, which had fatigued him considerably. He was to repeat the bath, continue the elixir of vitreol and regimen. " The next morning, September 2d, he informed me that the cream of tartar had operated eight times after I saAv him, and that he was obliged to check it with laudanum, as he felt himself much weakened by it. He was to continue the bath and take an ounce of bark in substance in the course of the da}-. He had no sickness of stomach ; the headache had abated, though it was not removed. " In the evening, I found the bark had purged him violently ; he had not less than ten stools without using any means to check it. I could not help expressing to him my chagrin at so unexpected an effect. I desired him to take fifteen drops of laudanum after every evacuation, until they were suppressed; to continue the bath, etc. He had no sickness of stomach from the beginning ; nothing ap- peared unfavorable except debility from too much unintentional purging. " Next morning, I found that a single dose of laudanum had checked the purging. Though the pain in the head was abated, he had been restless in the night. He was to continue the bath, bark, and vitreol, and to use laudanum if necessary. " In the evening, he had taken six drams of bark ; had three or 64 RUSCHENBERGER, four stools ; the bark had sickened him ; it was therefore discon- tinued, but he was to persevere in the use of the wine, bath, and vitriol. This was the fourth day of his disease. There was no un- favorable symptom, except debility, which was far from considerable ; no sickness of stomach ; no delirium ; pulse regular, good. " This was the last time I saw him, for that evening I was so much more indisposed than I had been, that I found myself unable to go out. I therefore, early the next morning, sent him notice of my indisposition, and requested him to call some physician." Dr. Currie visited him that day, and daily until he died. " A few hours after his message had been sent, a pupil of Dr. Hutchinson called on Dr. Kuhn, and informed him that " Dr. Rush had visited Dr. Hutchinson and had recommended him to take jalap and calomel, which the Doctor wished me to know and to have my opinion. My answer was that it was impossible for me to give an opinion ; to acquaint Dr. Rush that he had had near thirty stools in three days, and if Dr. Rush thought further purging was necessary, my opinion was, he ought to follow the advice. I was at the same time informed that Dr. Hutchinson was no worse than when I left him." In a lecture to his class Dr. Rush had charged Dr. Kuhn with misrepresenting the case of the late Dr. Hutchinson. In defending himself, Dr. Kuhn related the case in detail, and read a statement by Dr. Currie, derived from his own daily record of the case after his attendance began. Dr. Currie wrote : "I made Dr. Hutchinson a visit on the 4th of September, about eleven o'clock a.m., which was the fourth day of his fever. He was then sitting up in bed, conversing with the Health Officer of the Port on business relative to his office. "After the health officer left, he gave me a detail of his symptoms and treatment with permission to publish it. He spoke much in favor of the advantages he had derived from the cold bath after his bowels had been evacuated by repeated doses of cream of tartar. Bark had deranged his stomach, but the vitriolic acid agreed well, and was grateful to his palate. He was now so well that he discon- tinued every kind of medicine, and made use of lime-juice punch occasionally for drink. iNS'rrj'ij'ri(»N oi' coiaa-mk of imivskjians ok i'iin-Ai»Ki,i'iii.A. fJ5 " Iji (Jio nilvrnooM lie \v(!nt down stjiirs, and as lio rcfiirnotl to his oliainbei- liis nose be^an to Meed, and continued bleedinr^ until he was niiKili (l(!l)ilitatcd and (;iiiit,. "At l)e(l-tiino lie took Ibrty-five dro])s tinet. opii, rested the fore- part of the night, but awoke before morning with sickness and great distress. " I visited him a])out ten o'clock with Dr. Barton. His pulse waa then low, skin cold and dry, his face bloated and livid, and his mind was considerably deranged. His thirst became insatiable. He cast up all he drank as soon as his stomach became full, with straining and noise. In the intermission of puking he Avas frequently affected with singultus. From this time he obstinately refused making use of any kind of remedy, except one or two enemas, constantly assur- ing his friends that there was nothing the matter with him, till the seventh day of the disease, when he became comatose and expired on the eighth." The records furnish very little to be added to this sad story. The first secretary of the College of Physicians, Dr. James Hutchinson, was born in Wakefield Township, Bucks County, Pa., January 29, 1752. His father, Randal Hutchinson, was a farmer, and a member of the Society of Friends. James began his primary education in a school under Paul Preston. Afterward he was at the Burlington Academy, i^ew Jersev, at another in Virginia, and received his bachelor's degree with the first honor from the College of Philadelphia. He studied medicine under Dr. Evans, of this city. In 1774, the College of Philadelphia awarded him a gold medal for proficiency in chemistry. The same year he went to London where he was a pupil of Dr. John Fothergill. He returned home in 1777, by way of France, bearing Avith him important dispatches to Congress from Dr. Franklin, then American Minister at the French Court. The ship in AA'hich he was passenger, when in sight of the American coast, was chased by a British cruiser. To saA^e the despatches. Dr. Hutchinson left the ship in an open boat under fire, and safely reached the shore. He saw her captured by the enemy, with all his 66 RUSCHENBERGER, baorgafie, ineludino; a collection of medical books he had made in England and France. Soon afterward lie joined the American army as Surgeon-General of Pennsylvania, and served throughout the war. The Legislature appointed him, 1779, a Trustee of the University of the State of Pennsylvania, an office he held at the time of his death. He was also professor of materia medica in that institution until it and the College of Philadelphia were merged, 1791, into the University of Pennsylvania. Then he was elected professor of chemistry. During several years he was Physician of the Port, and one of the physicians of the Pennsylvania Hospital, which positions he held at the time of his death. Dr. Hutchinson was an influential democrat, and was warmly in- terested in Pennsylvania politics. He always declined to accept office, though often solicited. After the British evacuated Philadel- phia, he served as one of the Committee of Safety. Being an inti- mate and confidential friend of the leading men of the Revolution, he was received at headquarters at all times, and the Commander-in- Chief often invited his opinion in reference to the medical depart- ment. Dr. Hutchinson married Miss Sydney Howell, by whom he had two sons. One of them was a lawyer in Philadelphia, and the other was for some years Consul of the United States at Lisbon.^ NOTICE OF DR. JOHN MORRIS. Another of the founders of the College, Dr. John Morris, one of the class of juniors, died of yellow fever in September, 1793. He was born September 27, 1759, studied medicine under Dr. Charles Moore at Montgomery, Pa. He practised medicine in Burlington, N. J., for a time before he removed to Philadelphia. * American Medical Biography : or Memoirs of Eminent Phj'sicians who have Flourished in America. By James Thacher, M.D., etc. Kichardson & Lord, and Cottons & Barnard, Boston, 1828. The Lives of Eminent Philadelphians now Deceased. By Henry Simpson. William Brotherhead, Philadelphia, 1859. INSTITUTION OF COIJ,K(lK OF IMrYHIOFANS OF I'H H-A I)Kr,I'MIA. 67 TIk! iiverage attendance iit tlio fifteen ineetin;f.s of 1704 was 10.4, At a .special inectiii^ Mjircli lOtli, it was iinnoiinccd that tlieeliair- man of a. ('(»iiiiiiilt<;e of tlie JIouHe of Hcpre.sentativeH, appointed to prepare a bill "to reis. Is.-i.ic I»;irid and Jolin Warniii, oC Boston, were rc;id. Fcbniiiry !')i\\. Drs. VVislar, (jtriditts, and Loib wore appftintcfl to confer with members of the House of lleiireseufativcH of tlio Com- monwealth in reference to amending tbc health law then under con- sideration, and to draft a memorial on the subject. February 8th. The memorial submitted was adopted by the College, and the committee directed to present it to the Legislature. It is a»s follows: To the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Penn- sylvania: The Memorial of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia respectfully represents — that they have considered the bill for estab- lishing an health office, now before your house, with that attention which a subject so important to every member of the community naturally excites, and are convinced that it is materially defective in several respects, which they beg leave to specify. 1st. The Board of Health is enjoined and empowered to perform several duties, viz., to appoint a resident and consulting physician, to make regulations for the Lazaretto, and the vessels under quarantine, to prescribe the mode of visiting vessels, persons, and houses. "To determine, when any suspicion arises in the mind of the resident physician or quarantine master respecting the infectious state of any vessel, cargo, or crew," what measures shall be taken to purify the cargo and restore the health of the diseased persons — which said duties can only be performed by persons who are acquainted with the nature of diseases and the effects of the operations of contagion — but that bill does not provide for the formation of a Board of Health possessed of such information ; on the contrary, each board, probably uninformed, is directed to nominate its successors, whereby errors, if any arise, may be pei'petuated. By repeated experience the College is induced to believe that the most important objects of the law, the prevention of the introduction and extension of pestilential and con- tagious diseases, will be lost if the Board of Health have not this information. 2d. The law allows an annual rotation of the members of the Board of Health, whereby it will probably be composed of new mem- 74 RUSCHENBERGER, bers in the season of danger when the experiences of former years will be necessary. Whereas, the only principle upon which men originally unacquainted with the object of their appointment can be supposed capable of performing the duties of it, is their long continu- ance in office. 3d. The law makes no special provision for preventing the intro- duction of the plague to which we are exposed at all seasons of the year, more especially by the constant intercourse between this country and Algiers, which has lately taken place.' By order of the College of Physicians. John Redman, President. Thomas C. James, Secretary. June 4th. The proposition offered May, 1798, to make the annual contribution of fellows three dollars, was adopted. July 1, 1799 — present 15. A special meeting was called by the President in com^^liance with a request of the Board of Health, in consequence of the prevalence of an alarming fever. After, a free interchange of opinion, it was resolved that — From information which the College has received from several of its members, it appears that there exists in Penn Street and its vicinity, a malignant fever of the same nature with that which pre- vailed in Philadelphia in 1793, 1797, and 1798 : and it is the opinion of the College that, taking early and proper precautions, such as separating the diseased from the healthy, removing the shipping which lie from South to Pine Street, to a safe distance from the city ; and evacuating and carefully inspecting the dwelling-houses, stores, and counting-houses, and the wharves, within the limits aforesaid, will be the most effectual means of checking the further progress of the disease. Dr. Griffitts was desired to hand a copy of the above to the Board of Health. July 2d. The following reply was received : Health Office, 7th mo. 2d, 1799. To the College of Physicians : The Board of Health received with gratitude the communication from your College. They have endeavored to give it the weight a INKTITIITKm Oh' il()\.]A'MK OV ]'I1YSICIAN8 OF I'llII.A l)i;i-l'll ) .A . io coiiiuiiiiiic-iilioii (Voni so rcspocta))lo a source (lemari(l(;(l, but they can- not (;()iii(;i(l(! ill sciiliiiiciit, willi you rc^fiirdiii;^ the propriety of i.SHuirig a pi'()(',l;ijii;i,tioii, or giviii^j; a dinictioii for tlio removal of tlio inhabi- tants from tiic part of th(! town yon montion, or the vosscls from the wharves adjoining. A jjiiblic nolilication would perhaps create a terror that might add to the predisposing cause of the sickness, if any such cause exists. They are convinced of the necessity of early precaution, but they also dread to give an alarm, which must inju- riously aifect the welfare of the city, and which may, perhaps, even- tually be unnecessary, the consequences of which sis it regards the health are doubtful, but which would certainly operate powerfully against the interest of the citizens. They solicit your attention to the effects of a publication from you on this subjjsct, and shall be obliged by every information which can be had to assist them in maturing their opinions at this eventful period. B}^ order of the Board. Edward Garriguks, President. Paschall Hollingsworth, Secretary. It was resolved that each Fellow give formal information to the Board of Health, and also to the College, of every case of malignant fever which may come under his notice, as soon as its nature has been ascertained ; and, until further notice, the College meet every other evening at 8 o'clock. August 21, 1799. The President, at the instance of several Fel- lows of the College, called a special meeting to consider the present state of health in the city. After discussion, it was agreed to send the folloAving to the Board of Health: Gentlemen: The College of Phj^sicians conceive it to be their duty to inform you that recent events have confirmed the opinion which they have lately expressed to your board, and they feel it incumbent on them to repeat, that a malignant contagious fever, of the same nature with the disease which raged here in the years 1793, '97, and '98, prevails among us at this time to a very alarm- ing degree. By order of the College. Wm. Shippen, Vice-President. Thos. C. James, Secretary. 76 RUSCHENBERGER, Sept. 24th. The President called a special meeting to consider the following communication from the Governor of the State : Falls of Schuylkill, 20 Sept., 1799. Sir : At the instance of many of our fellow-citizens, I am induced to request that you will obtain from the College of Physicians a representation, whether, in their opinion, the lives of the electors will be in danger from the prevalence of any malignant or contagious fever by attending at the place fixed by law for holding the ensuing general election, within the city and suburbs of Philadelphia ? The Act of Assembly renders such a representation necessary before the places of election can be changed ; and therefore I hope the College will fiivor me with an early communication of the result of their deliberations on 'the subject. I have the honor to be, with great respect and esteem, sir, your most obedient humble servant, Thomas Mifflin. Dr. Redman, President of the College of Physicians. The College answered as follows : Philadelphia, Sept. 24, 1799. Sir : In answer to your letter of the 20th inst. I am directed by the College of Physicians to inform you that from present appear- ances they judge it will not be safe to hold the election at the Com- missioners Hall in Southwark — that the Town House in the Northern Liberties will be safe, and that it will be most advisable not to hold the election at the State House. I have the honor to be with great respect and esteem, sir, your friend and servant, John Redman. Thomas Mifflin, Esq., Governor of the State of Pennsylvania. Nov. 26th. The President called a special meeting to consider the following communication from the Secretary of the Commonwealth : Sir : The Governor directs me to request that you will favor him with the sentiments of the College of Physicians on the origin and INSTITUTION OF i'A)\,\A<:r,K OF I'JI VSKJIANH OF J'll I LA I»FI,1'1I I A. ( ( naturo of" Uk; late J'ovijr, ;iii(l ;iii_y iii)|)ri)V('iiicnf, tljiil r;aii he iiiaMAN. Noveinbor 20, 1709. Drs. Wistiir, (Urinitts, Currio, and James were appointed to draft an answer, which was submitted and approved Nov. 28, and is as follows : Sill: In compliance with your rec^uest, expressed in Mr. Dallas's note of the 20tli inst., the College was convened on the 26th, by their direction. I now inform you that they believe tlie origin and nature of tlio late fever to be precisely similar to those of 1793, 1797, and 1798. In our memorial to the Assembly in 1797, as w^ell as in our publi- cation of last year, entitled Facts and observations relative to the nature and origin of pestilential fever, etc., Ave gave our sentiments fully on this important subject, accompanied with a minute detail of facts in support of our opinions. Without entering at present into any further relation of facts, which time will not permit, and a repetition of which we suppose to be unnecessary, we shall remark generally that the parts of the city and of Southwark contiguous to the river, w'here the fever this year, as heretofore, appeared, its symptoms and -progress all tend to confiiTn our former opinions that it is a pestilential contagious disease intro- duced amongst us by the shipping. With respect to the health laws, we repeat that the Board of Health ought to consist of persons who have a competent knowledge of the subject. Every law for securing the city against the destructive effects of any pestilential contagious disease should have for its second object the speedy extinction of such contagions when they appear. Measures for the purpose can be of no avail unless they are under- taken soon after the disease is known to exist, but the experience of the last two years has been that those who are not qualified to judge promptly may doubt of the existence of the disease until the oppor- 78 RUSCHENBERGER, tunity of preventing its extension is lost. And that, notwithstanding the diiference of opinion amongst physicians respecting the origin, yet they have generally been agreed as to the existence of the fever very soon after its appearance. No person whose private interest may be affected by quarantine laws should be a member of this board, the business of which would be more usefully conducted if the change of members were not so frequent, as the experience gained by one year's service is lost by the customary rotation. The laws might be more simple. The quarantine should commence on the first day of May, after which time no vessels subject thereto should be permitted to come up to the city until the middle of October. By order of the College. John Redman, President. November 28, 1799. Thomas Mifflin, Esq., Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The average attendance at the twelve meetings during the year 1800, was 9.8; and of the thirteen meetings of 1801, 8.7. One Associate and one Fellow were elected in 1800, and two Fellows in 1801. It is noted, in 1800, that the rent of the apartment occupied by the College was fixed at $40 a year ; and, Dec. 1, 1801, twelve members present, the by-laws were amended so as to make seven a quorum for election of Fellows. At the fourteen meetings of 1802 the average attendance was 9. Feb. 2d. Dr. Glentworth proposed Dr. Jenner, and Dr. Parke nominated Dr. Lettsom as Associates. March 2d. Dr. Lettsom was elected an Associate of the College, but Dr. Jenner's nomination was not approved, or noted on the minutes. July 6th. Dr. Thomas T. Hewson was elected Secretary of the College. July 16th. Present, 12 Fellows. The Vice-President called a special meeting at the instance of the President of the Board of iNSTrrij'i'ioN ov (.'(jm-kok of imivskjians of i'nn-Ai)i;M'HiA. t'.f IJciiHli, in c()ns(!(|ii('ii(!(^ of Uh; prev;ilcnce of an ahirniing fever in the vicinity of Vine iind i^'ront Streets. After a free interchange of views, it w;i.s resoivcfl : " l<^-om information wliicli the College has received from several of its members, it appears that a malignant fever of the same nature with that which prevailed in 1793, '97, '98, and '99 has existed for ten or twelve days past in the vicinity of Vine and Front Streets, and it is the opinion of the College that the most effectual means of chocking the progress of the disease will be an immediate separation of the sick from the healthy, and a recommendation to the healthy in the neighborhood of the sick to remove into the country, and a general suspension of intercourse with the infected houses." The Secretai'y was desired to present to the Board of Health a copy of the resolution, with the two pamphlets published by the College. Nov. 2d. Drs. Griffitts, Currie, and Wistar were appointed to con- sider the present state of the health laws. They submitted a report Nov. 16th. Drs. Wistar, Griffitts, Currie, and Leib were appointed to draft a memorial on the subject to the Assembly of the Common- wealth, which was adopted Dec. 7th ; and copies of it were distributed to members of both houses of the Legislature. It is as follows : To the Senate and Souse of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania : The Memorial of the College of Physicians re- spectfully showeth — That your memorialists have a common interest with their fellow-citizens in the prosperity of this city ; that prompted by this common interest they submit to you their opinions, the result of experience and mature consideration, on the system necessary to be adopted to guard against the introduction of pestilential and contagious diseases from foreign countries. They conceive that the inefficacy of the existing regulations contained in the present health laAvs is not only known to you, but that it is universally acknowledged, and that public opinion and public safety call for a more efficient system. Your memorialists forbear entering into the subject ; they apprehend it to be unnecessary to enter into a detail of the minor points of regulation ; they mean only to suggest the general princi- ples of the law, leaving the development to the wisdom of the Legis- lature. 80 RUSCHENBERGER, Under these impressions your memorialists beg leave to submit the following propositions : That a Board of Health, to consist of not more than five persons, be appointed by the Governor, who shall be commissioned during good behavior, and receive an adequate compensation for their services. That no vessel from any port or place specified in the fifth section of the present health law, the European ports of the Mediterranean excepted, be permitted to come up to the city from the 1st of May till the 1st of October. That the Board of Health have full power, in case of the appear- ance of pestilential and contagious disease in the city or its suburbs, to remove the persons infected, their attendants, and the families in which the disease occurs. The Board of Health, your memorialists conceive, requires a new organization ; its duties are arduous and not without hazard ; they require time and attention, and necessarily interfere with the avoca- tions of men of business who are competent to the situation. It cannot therefore be expected that they can be effectually performed unless some emolument be attached to the service. Its members ought to be few, to hold their ofiices during good behavior, and be appointed by the Governor, inasmuch as promptitude and vigor are more the attributes of small than of large bodies, as experience is necessary to the due performance of their duty, and as an efficient responsibility will thereby be annexed to the appointment. Such is the subtle nature of contagion and such the inefficiency of means hitherto employed to prevent its introduction, that nothing short of an actual interdiction of intercourse with the infected places appears competent to its prevention ; your memorialists are therefore of opinion that the only actual security of the citizens against the im- portation of diseases of a malignant and contagious character from foreign countries must be found in the total exclusion of vessels from infected ports during the period above recited. That the Board of Health ought to have a plenary power to re- move persons infected with malignant and contagious diseases and IN.STITHTHm OK COIJ,KUK OF I'JIYSICIANH OK I'll I LAbKLI'HIA. 81 those wlio Ii;iv(! l>ecri williiii tlie spliore of tlicir action, your rncrnor- iiilisirt coiKUMvc li:is hccii ;iiii|ily 'lomonstrated by the sad experience of ficvcnil years. The iirrcstation of such diseases depends more upon the removal of the sick than of the healthy, as the records of the years '93, '97, '98, '99, and the present year will evince, for even the almost entire depopulation of tlu' city unaided by frost was insuf- ficient to its extinction. These general propositions are submitted by your memorialista with deference, but with a sincere conviction that on their adoption depends the future safety of riiiladclphia against the ravages of that disease which has impoverished many a worthy family, and con- signed many a valuable citizen to the grave. ]3y order of the College. John Redman, President. Thos. T. Hewson, Secretary. At the twelve meetings of 1803, the average attendance was 7.7. January 4th. Drs. Robert Harris and Charles Caldwell, by declining to pay the annual contribution for three successive years, have vacated their seats. The Secretary was directed to furnish them with a copy of this minute. At the twelve meetings of 1804, the average attendance was 7. July 3d. Previous to the annual election, a letter was read from Dr. Redman, expressing a desire that another should be elected President in his place. No change of officers was made. The Secretary was directed to inform Dr. Redman of his election, and to assure him of the respect and esteem of the College. October 2d. Di-s. Currie, Seybert, and Hewson were appointed to assist — as prescribed by Article 7 of the Constitution of the Society — the Presidents and Censors to consider what papers in possession of the College are proper for publication. The average attendance at the seventeen meetings of 1805 was 7.5. January 1st. The Committee selected thirteen papers to be pub- lished. 6 82 RUSCHENBERGER, The Committee on Publication was requested to examine the pajters on malignant, contagious fever, and report Avliat measures in reference to them are proper to be taken by the College. April 2d. The Vice-President was requested to ask Dr. Munson, Sr., of New Haven, as to the authenticity of Coleman's " History of the Importation of Yellow Fever into New Haven in 1794." June -tth. The use of the room occupied by the College was granted to the Agricultural Society on condition that it pa}^ half the yearly rent of the room, $20. July 2d. William Shippen was elected President ; Adam Kuhn, Vice-President ; Samuel Duffield, Thomas Parke, Caspar Wistar, and Samuel P. Griffitts, Censors; Thomas Say, Treasurer; and Thomas T. Hewson, Secretary. August 20th. At a special meeting, called at his request, Dr. Currie stated that a malignant fever had appeared in the neighbor- hood of Catharine and Water Streets. September 10th, Dr. Currie stated that the malignant fever had spread considerably in Southwark, but the number of cases within the city limits had not increased ; also, that he and Dr. James had been appointed by the Board of Health to request the College to point out the means of preventing the contagion from extending in the city. Drs. Griffitts, Wistar, and Parke were appointed to confer with the Board of Health on the subject. September 19tli. A special meeting, called at the request of the Board of Health, in reference to the following letter from the Secretary of the Commonwealth : Lancaster, September 15, 1805. Sir : The Governor directs me to call the attention of the Board of Health to the 25th Section of the Act of Assembly, passed the fifteenth day of February, 1799, entitled "An Act to regulate the General Elections within the Commonwealth," and request that the Board will be pleased to inform him whether the state of the malig- nant fever at present prevailing in the suburbs and City of Philadel- phia will render it necessary to change the places fixed by law for INSTFTlITrON OF f;or,Li;(JK OF I'lrVSKTANS OF IMin,AI»KIJ'HIA. 83 lioldiiin; tlio iK^Kt goiieriil el(!cti()iiH witliiii the H.-imo, and if ho, to point out the phices they may deem moHt convenient for said pur- poses. I am, sir, very respectfully, ^'ou^ most ohcdiciit servant, T. M. TlIOMI'HON. Ebenezmk Ki';i!(!uson, Esq., President of the Board of Health. P. S. — Be pleased to coiiimiinicMtc this to the College of Physicians of tlic City of Philadelphia. The College directed the Secretary to furnish the Board of Health ■with a copy of the following resolution : That it is the opinion of the College, that, from present appearances, it will not be safe to hold the election at the Commissioners' Hall in Southwark ; that the usual places of holding the elections in the City and Northern Liberties "will be safe- October 1st. In a letter to the Vice-President, dated New Haven, May 8, 1805, Dr. Eneas Munson confirmed his account of the origin of the yellow fever at New Haven in 1794. December 10th, Drs. Griffitts and James were appointed to super- intend the publication of the papers on malignant fever. The work is entitled : " Additional Facts and Observations Rela- tive to the Nature and Origin of the Pestilential Fever.'" By the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 8vo., pp. 99. Printed by A. Bartram. For Thomas Dobson, at the Stonehouse, No. 41 South Second Street. Philadelphia, 1806. Lewis lAhrary, Coll. Phys. of Philada., M. 485. Copies of the work were distributed February 4, 1806. The average attendance of the 12 meetings of 1806 was 6,7 ; of the 12 meetings of 1807, was 7.2 ; of the 12 meetings of 1808, was 6.5: of the 12 meetiuo-s of 1809, was 6.5 \ of the 12 meetings of 1810, was 6.3 ; of the 13 meetings of 1811, was 6.6, and of the 12 meetings of 1812, was 5.9. During the first twenty years of the recorded existence of the Col- lege, ending January, 1807, the average attendance at the meetings was numerically small ; but relative to the number of Fellows it was as large as it is now. In January, 1787, the College consisted of 84 . RUSCHENBERGER, 24 Fellows; the founders. BetAveen that time and January, 1807, 22 were elected, making an aggregate of 46. From this are to be deducted three who forfeited their fellowship ; three who resigned, and six who died, making 12, leaving the number 34. And two or three were absent from the city during months at a time. From these data it is conjectured that about one-third of the Fellows in the city attended the stated and special meetings. Many of the Fellows of the College were members of other socie- ties of the time, which claimed their attention and presence ; and the Fellows generally were actively engaged in professional business. The American Medical Society still existed. The Philadelphia Medical Society was carried on with spirit, and held weekly meet- ings. Those Fellows of the College who were professors in the University, as well as others, were very frequently present, and the fortnightly stated meetings of the American Philosophical Society were usually attended by some of the Fellows of the College, many of whom were members of it, as well as of the Philadelphia Medical Society. The Chemical Society of Philadelphia, which was instituted in 1792, held stated meetings weekly, in the Philadelphia Laboratory, or Anatomical Hall. Some of the Fellows of the College were members of it. The chief purpose of this Association was to acquire information relative to the minerals of the United States. A stand- ing committee of five was charged with the duty of analyzing any mineral which might be submitted to it, provided it were sent free of expense, with an account of the locality and situation in which it was found. The analyses were made without charge. Notice of these terms was published in several newspapers of the United States. In 1797 the members of the Analyzing Committee, to either of whom a mineral might be submitted for examination and report were : Thomas Smith, No. 19 North Fifth Street. James Woodhouse, No. 13 Cherry Street. Samuel Cooper, No. 178 South Front Street. Adam Seyhert, 191 North Second Street. John C. Otto, 37 North Fourth Street.^ 1 The Weekly Magazine, Philadelphia, February 3, 1798. INSTITUTION OF (JOLLKliK OF JMI YHK'IANS OF I'ill hADi;LI'HI A. 85 In April, 171)H, ^I'liomas P. Smith delivered a "learned and ingeni- ous oration " before the Soeiety, a eofjy of wliieh was requested for publieation. George Lcc was the .Junior Seerctary. The. oflicer.s of the Cnieniieal fSociefy of IMiihidelithia in 1H02, were James Woodhoiise, J^re.ndmt ; Felix l*iiH(;aliH and John Jiadman, Vice-Presidents ; Willimn S. .Jacobs, Librarian; William Brown, John S. Dorsey, Curates; John Y. Bryant, Treasurer; Thomas Brown, Secretary} A Society for investigatiiu) the causes for the late mortality in this city is about to be instituted, and a book for the subscription of such as mean to become members of it, lies at the bookstore of Mr. Arnn-od, No. 41 Chestnut St.' This public notice probably relates to the Academy of Medicine of Philadelphia. From the mutilated record of proceedings of this short-lived society, bits of its history, the names of some of its members may be learned. January 15, 1798. Academy of Medicine of Philadelphia. Pre- sent, Physick, President; Caldwell and Reynolds, Vice-Presidents; Rush, Strong, Cooper, Otto, Coxe, Budd, Dewees, Pascalis, Heylin, Gallaher, and Sayre. The by-laws were discussed. Adjourned to meet -January 22d, 6 o'clock P.M. at Mr. Lee's school-room in Norriss Alley. January 22d. In addition to those named above Dr. Mease is noted among those present. July 9, 1798. Roll of members to be called, and fines of absentees to be collected. August 8th. The Academy presented to the Board of Health a document embracing its views on the yellow fever, then prevailing, which was published for the information of the public and signed by the President, Philip Syng Physick, and Secretary, Francis Bowes Sayre.^ 1 The Philadelphia Directory, City and County Kegister for 1802. By James Robinson. The names of Fellows of the College are in italics. " The Weekly Magazine, vol. i. p. 31. Philadelphia, 179S. ' History of Yellow Fever, 1798. By Thomas Condie and Richard Folwell. 86 RUSCHENBERGER, Novemb.er 20th. Francis Bowes Sayre and Cooper reported dead. Dr. Mease was appointed to read a memoir of Sayre, and Dr. Coxe a memoir of Cooper. J. C. Otto, Secretary. December lOtb. A seal of the Society was adopted, with the legend, " The Academy of Medicine of Philadelphia. Instituted January 8, 1798." The incorporation of the Society was proposed. It was resolved to meet in the future at Mr. Pool's school-room in Cherry Alley. December 17th. Dr. Caldwell delivered the semi-annual address, a copy of which was requested for immediate publication. Dr. Mease read the report of a committee appointed to draft an answer to the publication of the College of Physicians. Dr. Coxe delivered an eulogium on Dr. Sayre. January 15, 1799. The answer to the College of Physicians was ordered to be inserted in the several newspapers of the city. Dr. Mease read his eulogium on Dr. Cooper. February 11, 1799. Ordered that 6 copies of Dr. Caldwell's semi- annual address be given to each member of the Academy ; that 300 copies be retained by the librarian, and the rest to be disposed of by Mr. Bradford.^ At a stated meeting of the Academy of Medicine, the following were elected officers for 1799 : Philip Syng Physick, President ; Charles Caldwell and William Dewees, Vice-Presidents ; John C. Otto, Secretary ; James Gallaher, Librarian ; William Budd, Treasurer. Charles Caldwell, William Dewees, James Mease, Felix Pascalis, and James Reynolds, Committee on Correspondence. John Redman Coxe, John C. Otto, James Stewart, and Rene La Roche, Committee on Meteorology. Benjamin Rush, Philip Syng Physick, and Joseph Strong, Com- mittee on Revision. William Budd, James Gallaher, and Isaac Heylin, Committee on Annual bills of Mortality. 1 Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Collection of Manuscripts. INHTITUTION OF < OM JKi K OF PMYSr^'I ANS OF I'll I I ,AI)i;i,I'll I A . 87 'Die AciidoTTiy will piiMisli :i, v(»luiii(; of tnins;u;tionH in tlio couthc of ii few weeks.' The Aciideinj of Medici jk; of I'liiladelphia did n'»t long survive. The Medical Lyceum of iMiihidelpliia was founded in 1804. The following list of its officers is given in Robinson's Philadelphia Directory for 1806. Drs. John Redman Coxc, William P. Dcwees, N. Chapman, and John S. Dorsey, Presidents ; Dr. E. Grifliths, Treasurer ; Dr. J. C. Rousseau, Librarian ; Dr. C. Meredith, Curator ; Dr. G. Farquhar, Corresponding Secretary ; and Samuel Tucker, Recording Secretary.^ A prize of a gold medal Avorth fifty dollars was offered February 5, 1808, for the best essay on the question, "Does the human body possess the power of absorbing substances applied to its surface? "^ The essays were to be submitted before January 1, 1809. No award was made. The offer of the prize was renewed February 22, 1809. For 1809 the oflicers were John Syng Dorsey, President ; Messrs. Armstrong" and Mezyek, Vice-Presidents ; Elijah Griffiths, Treas- urer; Dr. Barton, Jun., Librarian; Dr. William Shaw, Curator; Dr. J. C. Rousseau, Corresponding Secretary ; and — Clark, Re- cording Secretary. Notice of the Medical Lyceum after 1819 has not been met with. The number of Fellows habitually present at the meetings was probably somewhat restricted, not only by the meetings of several societies in which they were interested, but also by the lack of pub- lication of transactions. Fellows of the Society in many instaijces published papers in periodicals, in preference to presenting them to the College. Drs. Thomas T, Hewson, Joseph Parrish, John C. Otto, and Thomas C. James edited "The Eclectic Repertory and Analytical 1 Medical Eepository, 1799. 2 Medical Museum, vol. 2, 1806. ' Medical Museum, vol. 5, 1808. 88 RUSCHENBEEQER, Review, INIedical and Philosophical. Edited by a Society of Physi- cians." The first quarterly number appeared October, 1810, and the publication continued till October, 1820. The first number of a nevr series Avas begun January, 1821, entitled " The Journal of Foreign Medical Science and Literature," being a continuation of the "Eclec- tic Repertory," conducted by Samuel Emlen, Jr., M.D., William Price, M.D. Vol. 3, 1823, edited by Samuel Emlen, Jr., M.D., and the 4th and last, 1824, by John D. Goodman, M.D. Whatever may have been the cause, the College was in a languid condition during several years. June 2, 1807, the entrance fee Avas reduced from $26.67 to $15. NOTICE OF DR. JOHN REDMAN. After more than eighteen years' service Dr. Redman, in compli- ance with his often expressed Avish, Avas relieved of the presidency of the College July 2, 1805. He died of apoplexy at the advanced age of 86 years, March 19, 1808, two years and eight months after Dr. William Shippen had been elected in his place. He had been a fiiithful and efiicient officer, rarely absgnt from the meetings ; was one of the founders of the College, and yet no notice of his death is recorded on its minutes. The many references to him in the preceding pages imply that he was highly respected in the community on account of his benevolent character and professional skill. His deportment seems to have been always sincere, pleasant, but somewhat sedate. He is not named in connection with any occasion of mirth or festivity ; but Dr. Benjamin Rush, who habitually garnered, or rather hoarded, every scrap of manuscript Avhich came to him, has left among his papers the follow- ing : " Dr. Redman's Toast, — The dignity and success of the healing art : And long health, competent wealth, and exquisite happiness to the individual practitioner, Avho makes the health, and comfort and happiness of his fellow mortals one of the chief ends and delights of his life, and acts therein from motives that render him superior to all the difficulties he may have to encounter in the pursuit thereof."^ 1 Eush MS., vol. 22, p. 8. INSTITUTION (»!'' COIJ.KO lO OK IMIVSKMANS OF I'll [ l,.\ IiKIJ'lII A . 89 By pi'cscrviiif^ tJiiit, l)it of |);i|)cr, l)i'. Kinli Ikih iincoii.sciouHly cast a littlo gem on tlie (^jiini of his dear oM iiKistcr. It is a witnesH of his devotion to "the lioiilin<^ :ul,;" and indicates what the conduct and qualifications of tlio "individual practitioner" should be, in his opinion, to deserve the many blessin«^s Avhich he provisionally wifHies for liiin. TIic loast was good ;iiid .■ipplicable when deliveix'd, is now, and (svcr will be. It holds up prc(;c[)ls which, if generally followed as closely as the first president of the College seems to have followed them, would augment the worthiness of the profession, and conse- quently the esteem of the people for its members. Dr. Redman was born in I'liiladclphia, February 27, 1722, He was educated at Mr. Tennent's Academy, and studied medicine under Dr. John Kearsloy. When he was qualified to practise, he went to Bermuda, where he remained several years, and thence to Europe. He passed one year in Edinburgh, attended lectures, dissections, and hospitals in Paris, and graduated at Leyden, July, 1748. After pass- ing some time at Guy's Hospital, he returned to and settled in Phila- delphia, where he soon acquired celebrity. He was one of the physicians of the Pennsylvania Hospital from 1751 to 1780 ; one of the trustees of the College of Philadelphia, 1765 ; and a member of the American Philosophical Society from January 19, 1768. When he retired from practice, 1784, he was elected an elder of the Second Presbyterian Church. He published in 1759, A Defence of Inocidation. During forty years Dr. Redman resided on the west side of Sec- ond Street, about a hundred yai'ds south of Arch Street. He "was somewhat below the middle stature, his complexion was dark, his eyes black and uncommonly animated ; and his gesture and speech such as indicated a mind always busy and teeming with new and original conceptions of human and divine things,'"^ Dr. Redman was "an antiquated looking old gentleman, usually habited in a broad-skirted dark coat, with long pocket flaps, buttoned across his under dress ; wearing, in strict conformity with the cut of his coat, a pair of Baron Steuben's style of military boots, coming above the knees for riding. His hat flapped before and cocked up ^ Medical Museum, vol. v. 90 RUSCHENBERGER, smartly behind, covering a full bottomed powdered wig — in front of which might be seen an eagle pointed nose, separating a pair of piercing black eyes — his lips exhibiting (but only now and then), a quick motion, as though at the moment he was endeavoring to extract the essence of a small quid."^ At a special meeting, July 25, 1808, Dr. Caspar Wistar was chosen by ballot to prepare an eulogium in commemoration of Dr. William Shippen, late President of the Society, which was delivered in the college hall in Fourth Street, March 7, 1809, in presence of different societies invited to attend.^ Dr. Adam Kuhn was elected President, Dr. Samuel Duffield, Vice- president, and Dr. William Currie, a Censor, September 6, 1808. NOTICE OF DR. WILLIAM SHIPPEN. Much has been said of the career of Dr. Shippen in preceding pages. Yet something may be properly added. Dr. William Shippen, Jr. — commonly called professor, to dis- tinguish him from his eminent father, William Shippen, the elder — was born in Philadelphia, Oct. 21, 1736, and died in Germantown, July 11, 1808, aged 71 years.' He received a bachelor's degree from the College of New Jersey in 1754. His father taught him medicine till 1758, when he went to Europe. In 1761 the University of Edinburgh conferred upon him the degree of doctor of medicine. He returned to Philadelphia in May, 1762, and, the same year, Nov. 16, delivered at the State House an introductory lecture to a course of lectures on anatomy the first delivered in Philadelphia, if not in America. The regular course began at his father's house in Fourth St., Nov. 26th. His lectures were repeated yearly till Sept. 23, 1765, when he was elected ^ Watson's Annals, vol. ii. p. 382. - This discourse was not printed till after Dv. Wistar's death, 1818. ' Descendants of Dr. William Shippen. Compiled by Mr. Charles E. Hilde- burn. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. i. p. 109, 1877. INSTITUTION OK (;OIJ,K(!IO OK I'll V.SICIANS OF I'll II-A DKIJ'II I A. 01 })r<)fc',SHor of iiii:i,l()iny aiul Hiirgcry in Uk; Mctiical Scliool of tlic Col- lege of r]iila(leli)hia, which had been phinned and inaugurated by Dr. Jolin Morgan, May, 1765. After the College was Huperseded by the University of the State of Pennsylvania its trustees elc(;ted him. May 11, 1780, professor of anatomy, surgery, and midwircry. Afterward he was professor of anatomy in the University of iV'tiiisylvaiiia till IHOO, when be retired. He was appointed, July 15, 177G, " chief jdiysician of the flying camp." He submitted to Congress, March, 1777, a plan for the organization of a ho.s})ital department, Avhich, with some modifica- tion, was adopted. Congress elected him, April 11, 1777, "Director- General of all the military hospitals of the Armies of the United States," an office from which he resigned Jan. 3, 1781. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society Nov. 1767, one of its Curators for 1771, and one of its Secretaries for 1772. If be contributed anything to the literature of either medicine or science, it has not been found. His claim to the enduring approba- tion of his fellow-citizens mainly rests on his being the pioneer of systematic teaching of anatomy and surgery in Philapelphia, for ■which be W'as eminently qualified. His skill, his eloquence as a teacher, exercised during forty years in the first medical school of the country, made bim widely known at home and abroad, and won for him permanent distinction and respect in the medical world. Nov. o, 1811, Drs. Parke and Griffitts were appointed to confer with the Board of Health in compliance with its request. They re- ported, Feb. 4, 1812, that the Board of Health urged the coopera- tion of the College in an application to the Legislature for renewal of the health law. Dr. Benjamin Rush, one of the senior class of founders of the College, died April 19, 1813. He resigned in 1793. Though he has been the subject of many eulogies his life has not been precisely described. 92 RUSCHENBERGER, NOTICE OF DR. BENJAMIN RUSH. Dr. Rush was born on his father's farm, twelve or fourteen miles northeast of Philadelphia, Dec. 24, 1745. Both his grandfather, James Rush, who died in 1727, and his father, John Rush, were gunsmiths. Their ancestors, most of them members of the Society of Friends, followed William Penn to this country 1683. While Dr. Rush was very young his father died, and left him to the care of his mother, to whose affectionate effort he was indebted for his education. Her very limited means prompted her, for the wel- fare of her son, to establish herself on Market Street east of Second, in a retail trade of groceries and provisions. Her place of business was indicated by a sign, and known as the "Blazing Star." The crown of her enterprise, industry, and maternal devotion is seen in the renown of her son : she alone enabled him to achieve it. About the age of eight or nine years Rush was placed in the West Nottingham grammar school, sixty miles southwest from Philadel- phia, then in charge of his uncle, the Rev. Dr. Samuel Finley. After due preparation he was transferred to the College of New Jersey, at Princeton, from which he received the bachelor's degree in 1760, before he had completed his fifteenth year. He was next apprenticed to Dr. John Redman for six years. He kept a common-place book, and in it made notes of his observations on the yellow fever prevalent in 1762. During his seventeenth year he translated the Aphorisms of Hippocrates from Greek into English. At the conclusion of his apprenticeship he went to Europe, and after publicly defending a thesis, De Coctione cihorum in ventriculo, the University of Edinburgh conferred upon him, in 1768, the degree of doctor of medicine. Then he passed some time in London, attending hospitals and lectures. After a visit to Paris, he returned to Philadelphia in the spring of 1769, started in the practice of medicine and Avas soon elected professor of chemistry in the College of Philadelphia. February 26, 1768, he was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society ; a curator, 1770-72 ; one of the secretaries, INS'l'I'l'iri'loN <)l'' COlA.V.r.K (tV I'llVKICIANS Ol' I'll I LA I)i;/, I'll I A. [)6 1778— 7*5; one ol" Uio conncilloi-s, 178(J ; ;nid one of the vice-pi'eHi- dents, I71>7 to 1801. Ifc eontiilmted six papers to the Transactions of the Society. lie was active ainoii on tlic Ncckiir in Llic circle of Suabia. Jiotli came to J'liiladcl|jliia in 1788. Adam Simon Kiilin was a bright man, improved liy a lihoral edu- Ciition, and was considered a very skilful and HucccHsful practitioner of medicine, lie waH a magistrate of the borough of Jjancaster and an elder of the Lutheran Church. Dr. Adam Kulin's first studies in medicine were directed by his father. In the autumn of 1701, he left JMiiladelphia and arrivcfl at Upsal, by way of London, early in January, 1702, having traversed Norway and a part of Sweden. He studied botany and medicine under Jjinnirus and the other professors of the University of Upsal until July or August, 1704. Then he returned to London and remained about a year. He went to Edinburgh and received the degi'ee of M.D. from the University, June 12, 1767, his thesis being De Lavatione Frigida. While abroad he visited France, Holland, and Germany. He returned from London, and settled in Philadelphia, January, 1768. He soon accjuired a respectable practice and a high degree of estimation amons; his elder medical brethren. In January, 1768, he was appointed professor of materia medica and botany in the College of Philadelphia; and in January, 1774, one of the physicians of a society instituted for inoculating the poor for smallpox. During the preceding year, 1773, above 300 persons died of smallpox. The unsettled state of public affairs put an end to the society in April. He was elected one of the Physicians of the Pennsylvania Hos- pital, May, 1775, and after serving the institution more than twenty- two years, he resigned in January, 1798. He was one of the consulting physicians of the Philadelphia Dis- pensary, founded 1786, and was always among the foremost of its steady friends and patrons. He was a member of the American Philosophical Society fi'om January 19, 1708 ; one of the curators from 1709 to 1771, and a councillor from 1790 till 1802. He was one of the founders of the College of Physicians, of which he was elected President, September 0, 1808. He was appointed professor of the theory and practice of medi- 96 RUSCHENBERGER, cine, November, 1789, in the University of the State, and to the same chair, in January, 1792, in the University of Pennsylvania, from Avhich he resigned in 1797. He married, in the island of St. Croix, May, 1780, Elizabeth, daughter of Isaac Hartman, Esq., and had two sons. He relinquished practice in the autumn of 1815. Fully sensible of his approaching dissolution, he died July 5, 1817, aged seventy- five years. His thesis, and a short letter to Dr. John C. Lettsom, on diseases succeeding the transj)lantation of teeth, printed in the Memoirs of the Medical Society of London, vol. i., are his only publications. " This is not the only instance in which a dislike to appear before the public has deprived us of the experience of those who were best qualified, by their talents and observations, to communicate instruc- tion." " Dr. Kuhn was not remarkable for the powers of imagination ; but in sound judgment he greatly excelled. His talent for observa- tion was profound. He was through life a studious reader ; a lover of music from his youth ; remarkably abstemious and regular in his diet, and neat in his person." He was reserved in his general intercourse, but affable and com- municative in the company of his friends. His manners were void of ostentation or assumption. In conduct he was firm and decisive; and he was strictly punctual and observant of all his engagements.^ His sincerity is manifest in the following extract from his MS. lec- tures on yellow fever : "The consequences that have attended it [yellow fever of 1793] have interested the feelings of the whole community in the highest degree; but the practitioners of physic in this city are more particu- larly concerned, as it has not only brought the spirit of discord among them, but has certainly lessened the confidence in the art and the professors of it which they heretofore possessed in an eminent degree. 1 The Eclectic Eepertorj' and Analytical Eeview, vol. viii. p. 235. Phila- delphia, 1818. Keprinled in separate form. See Pamphlets, vol. 8. Library of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Also, in Thacher's American Medical Biography. INSTITUTION OF C()l,],K<'.l] OF PIirSICIANS OF IMIILA OKMMI lA. 07 As' I inoan to coiillnu uiy rciiiaiks in ;i great nicaHuro to what came under my own observation, it may be proper to mention tliat I saw the first patient in this fever on the 23(J of August [17!i'j], and the last on the I'ith of September. The state of my healtli then render- ing me incapable to continue my attendance on the sick, I quitted the city on the 14th of September, and returned on the Ist of No- vember. Within that period I visited near 70 diflfcrent patients; of these, 10 only IkkI the yellow fever, including two for whom I pre- scribed, though \ had it not in my power to visit them, and three whom I attended in consultation, being patients of other gentlemen of the profession. I ought to observe that I was confined by indis- position from the 3d to the 10th of September; that I then visited a few patients until the 12th, but finding my strength not equal to the task, and my headache and fever returning, I left the city, as before observed, on the 14th. Of these ten five died, but it is with a satisfaction I want words to express that I can with truth declare that every person for whom I prescribed within 48 hours of his being seized with the fever recovered and continues in health, except the mode of treatment was changed, which happened in the case of the un- fortunate Dr. Hutchinson, after sickness prevented me from continu- ing my attendance on him. Of the other patients whom I attended within that period, some labored under diseases peculiar to the climate at all seasons of the year, and others were attacked with influenza, which prevailed generally as an epidemic in the city at the same time."^ March 3, 1818. The Secretary was directed to record the death of Dr. Caspar "VVistar, which occurred January 22, 1818, in his o8th year. April 7th. Drs. Parke and Grifiitts were appointed to publish Dr. Wistar's eulogium on Dr. William Shippen. NOTICE OF DR. CASPAR WISTAR. Dr. Caspar Wistar was born in Philadelphia September 13, 1761, and educated at the Penn Charter School. His discernment of the 1 ]\IS. Lectures on Yellow Fever. By Adam Kuhn. Libr. Coll. Phys. Phila., F. 844. 7 98 RUSCHENBERGER, need and comfort of medical aid to those hurt at the battle of Ger- raantown in 1777 determined his choice of profession. He became a pupil of Dr. John Redman, and during the last year of his appren- ticeship attended the practice of Dr. John Jones. In 1782 the University of the State of Pennsylvania conferred upon him the degree of Bachelor of Medicine. He sailed for England October, 1783, and, after spending a year in London, went to Edinburgh. The University of that city conferred upon him, June, 1786, the degree of M.D., after publicly defending his thesis, De Animo Demisso. After an absence of more than three years, he returned to Philadelphia January, 1787. He Avas appointed an attending physician of the Philadelphia Dispensary the same year. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society July 20, 1787; was one of the curators 1792-94; one of the vice- presidents 1792—1814; and succeeded Thomas Jefferson as President, January 6, 1815. He contributed six papers to the Transactions of the Society. In 1788 he married Isabella Marshall, who died in 1790. In 1789 he was elected professor of chemistry in the College of Philadelphia. In the autumn of 1793 he was appointed a physician of the Pennsylvania Hospital, and resigned in 1810. He married Elizabeth Mifflin in 1798. He was elected to the professorship of anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania in 1808, and filled the office at the time of his death. He succeeded Dr. Rush as President of the Society for the Abo- lition of Slavery; and was one of the censors of the College of Physicians from December 3, 1793, till he died, January 22, 1818. Dr. Wistar was in every respect an exemplary man, remarkable for his strong good sense, amiable deportment, professional skill, and superior qualifications as a teacher of anatomy. His social disposi- tion induced him to entertain in a modest way at his home, every Saturday evening, medical and other friends, as well as distinguished strangers who came to the city. To continue those pleasant gather- ings, members of the American Philosophical Society, soon after his INSTITUTION OF GOLLEUK OF PHYSICIANS OF rillLADKLI'ill A. 00 (Icalh, instituted a social club, and, as a token of appreciation of liis worth, c!i,1I(mI it tiie Wistiir I'arty. Every Haturday evenin;^ each uiciiiIh'i- of tlic (•liil» ill liiiii entertained a company of invited guesta, sprcjuiin^ before tlieiii ;i, I'epast of such solids as may be taken with fork or ,sj)ooii without the iiid of knife. Circumstances connected with the civil war brou^^ht the Wistar Tarty to an end in 180P>, or 1(SG4. Only one or two of the members at that time have survived the suspension. The places of the de- ceased have been filled. The party has been revived. The archives of the club, and tlie old copper-plate from which the notable cards of invitation (illustrated by a portrait of Dr. Wistar) were printed, have been conveyed to it. Dr. Caspar Wister, a kinsman of the eminent professor, gave the first Wistar Party of the repaired organi- zation on Saturday evening, January 8, 1887 ; and so, what was for very many years a prominent feature in the social character of Philadelphia, has been restored, and is likely to be permanent. The following verses, by Dr. George Bensell, of Germantown, ex- press the general sense of the public loss at the time, caused by the death of Dr. W^istar : Wistar is dead 1 his gentle spirit's flown, In blessed trust, to happier worlds uni^nown ; And many an aching heart and tearful eye Give the sad proof, the best of men must die. The good, the wise, the multitude deplore, ^he virtues that they loved are now no more. Thou, who from others oft the stroke did sta}-. While Death hung o'er his seeming destin'd prey. Fate turn'd aside, and oh ! could no one save And rescue thee, like other.*, from the gra%'e ! Alas I could no one of the Healing Art Save from the tomb, that good, that generous heart. While genius, learning, wisdom bow the head And deeply mourn their favorite, Wistar, dead. Under instructions, Drs. Griffitts and Parrish had printed a hun- dred copies of the by-law^s corrected up to April 7, 1818. When the by-laws were first printed, 1790, the College consisted of 28 Fellows.* 100 RUSCHENBERGER, Thirty-one years after its foundation only 18 names are on the roll of Fellows : Thomas Parke, F., AVilliam Curvie, F., Samuel Powel GriflBtts, F., Thomas T. Hewson, Thomas C. James, Joseph Parrish, Michael Leib, Plunket F. Glentworth, Adam Seybert, Nathaniel Chapman, Henry Neill, Samuel Stewart, Edwin A. Atlee, Wm. P. C. Barton, Isaac Cleaver, John Moore, Samuel C. Hopkins, John W. Moore. Seven Associates : James Tilton, David Hosack, Samuel Bard, John R, B. Rodgers, Lewis Jones Jardine, William Boys, Joseph P. Minnick, Between Jan. 2, 1787, and April 7, 1818, 33 had been elected Fellows, making, with the 24 founders, an aggregate of 57. Of these 32 had died, 3 were dropped, and 4 were placed on the roll of Associates. Of 11 Associates elected prior to 1818, 1 had become a Fellow, and 3 had died, leaving 7 on the list. A list of all deceased Fellows and Associates is printed with the by-laws.^ The entrance fee was fifteen dollars — reduced to ten dollars, December 5, 1820 — and the annual contribution was three dollars. Provided every Fellow was punctual in the payment of his contribu- tion, the yearly income of the College was fifty-four dollars. July 7, 1818. Thomas Parke was elected President ; Samuel P. GriJffitts, Vice-President ; William Currie, Thomas T. Hewson, Plunket F. Glentworth, and Henry Neill, Censors; Thomas C. James, Treasurer ; and Joseph Parrish, Secretary. ^ Charter, Constitution, and By-Laws of the College of Physicians of Phila.- delphia, 1818. Lewis Libr. Coll. Phys., Med. Tracts, vol. x. No. 1383. INSTITUTION OF COM-KdK OK J'irYSICIANS OF I'HI LAUKM'II I A. 101 Tlio active interest of tlie (Jollege in forming, e.stabliHliinf.', and maintaining the I'liarinacopaMa of the United StateH, renders a somewhat detailed account of itH procceding.s in this connection appropriate. CONNECTION OF TlIK (JOLLKOK WITH TIIK I'll ARMACOPfEIA. Niipolcon the (Jreat, in 1(S03, ordered to be prepared the Codex Medieamentarius scic Pharmacopoeia Gallica. An ordinance of the King of France, August 8, 181G, directed it to be printed forth- with, and every apothecary to procure a copy of it within six months of the date of its publication, and prepare his medicines according to its formulas, under a penalty of 500 francs.^ Long before that work was begun the College of Physicians of Philadelphia endeavored to interest the medical public in the forma- tion of a pharmacopoeia for the United States. At a stated meeting of the College, June 3, 1788, John Redman, John Jones, Adam Kuhn, William Shippen, Jr., Benjamin Rush, Samuel P. Griffitts, Caspar Wistar, and James Hutchinson were appointed a committee to form a pharmacopoeia for the use of the College. As a result of their discussion of the subject the idea of preparing a work for local use seems to have been abandoned. Nine months after the appointment of this committee, the College ordered, April 7, 1789, a copy of the following circular to be sent " to the most respectable medical characters in the United States : " Sir : The Physicians of this city, from a desire of extending medical knowledge, and of promoting hai'mony and uniformity in the practice of physic, have associated themselves under the name of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. With a view to render their institution more extensively useful, the}^ have resolved to address the most respectable medical characters in the United States, intimating their Designs, and requesting such information as may be most conducive to carry them into effect. One of the Objects of the College has been that of forming a Pharmacopoeia adapted to the present state of medicine in America ; ^ Eeleclic Kepertory, vol. vii. p. 267. 102 RUSCHENBERGER, for which purpose a committee of their members has been some time since appointed, Avho have made some progress in their work. When we consider the great number of publications of this kind which Europe has been, and is annually producing, Ave think no doubt can arise of the absolute necessity of some standard amongst ourselves to prevent that uncertainty and irregularity which in our present situation must infallibly attend on the compositions of the Apothecary and the prescription of the Physician. And as we wish this Work may be accommodated to the practice of medicine throughout the United States, and that every useful addi- tion may be made to former publications, we request that you will favor us with your sentiments on the subject, and particularly inform us what Native American Remedies have been discovered amongst you. It will be necessary to give the botanical and vernacular names of such substances, and to ascertain their virtues with most scrupulous Precision. As we are desirous of publishing a volume of Transactions as often as materials are aiForded, we shall be much obliged to you for whatever Communications you may favor us with on medical subjects. Although we particularly address those Physicians who are best known to us, yet as there must be many others, men of learning and rank in the Profession, the knowledge of whom has not yet reached this place from the want of that intercourse which would be so desir- able and useful to the Advancement of Medical Science, we wish that you would communicate to them our intentions and that they would excuse this unavoidable omission, and furnish us with their assistance as though they were severally addressed. Letters and communications are to be directed to the President or Secretary of the College. Signed by order of the College, John Redman, President. Samuel Powel Griffitts, Secretary. Philadelphia. One hundred copies were ordered to be printed and the Censors directed to forward them to the proper persons. May 4, 1790. A letter from Dr. James Tilton, President of the INSTITUTION OK COLl.VMK OK I'll VSICTANS OK I'll I I-M»KM'II I A. 103 McdicaJ Society of the Stale of Dcliiwan". rclMtiii;^ to tlic I'liamia- copociii was I'cad. Augu.st 8, 1700. A loiter, July 18, 171)0, from the Medical Society of New Haven, addressed to the President of the College, Dr. John Redman, was read : Suhstantially that the Society will be hapjjy, if in its power, to afford the smallest assistance to the laud- able design of forming a pharmacopoeia adapted to the present state of medicine in America. The letter is signed by the committee of correspondence, Leverett Hubbard, Encus Munson, Ebenezer Beardsly, Ebnathan Beech, and Samuel Nesbett. The subject was not abandoned. May 3, 17U1, Dr. Benjamin S. Barton was appointed a member of the committee on the pliarma- copocia. The committee reported to the College November G, and December 4, 1702; and January 1, and April 2, 1793, and was continued. Dr. Thomas Parke was added to the committee Jan- uary, 1704. Drs. Griffitts, Barton, and James -were appointed June G, 1707, to prepare and submit to the College a statement " of all medicinal substances and pharmaceutical processes " which seem proper to be included in the intended pharmacopoeia. It is not doubted that leading physicians in different sections of the country felt the need of a pharmacopoeia, and that the proceed- ings of the Colleo-e in this connection had increased their interest in the subject, and led the way to the formaHon of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. The Pharmacopa}ia of the Massachusetts Medical Society, the first of the kind in the United States, was published in Boston, 1808. It was fully noticed and commended for its accuracy.^ A printed circular, dated New York, November 21, 1818, and signed by David Hosack, John R. B. Rogers, Samuel L. Mitchell, John Stearns, John Watts, Jr., T. Romeyn Beck, Lyman Spalding, Wright Post, and Alexander H. Stevens, was sent by Lyman Spald- ing, secretary of the committee, to Dr. Joseph Parrish, Secretary of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, with a request that he 1 The Medical Kepository. Second liexade, vol. 5, p. 396. ]Sew York, 1808. 104 RUSCHENBERGER, would hand it to the Pi-esident that it might be laid before the Col- lege at its next meetinfj. The plan proposed — detailed in a circular issued March 4, 1818 — was : 1. That the Pharmacopoeia should be formed by and under the authority of the several incorporated Medical Societies, the several incorporated Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, or medical schools, and such medical schools as constitute a Faculty in any university or college in the United States; and in case there should be any State or Territory in which there was no incorporated medical society, medical college, or school, that voluntary associations of physicians and surgeons in such State or Territory should be respectfully invited to unite in the undertaking. 2. That the formation of a pharmacopoeia may not be undertaken unless it should receive the approbation of a majority of the afore- said institutions in the United States. 3. That a convention should be held in each of the four grand divisions of the United States to be composed of delegates from the medical societies, schools, and associations. 4. That each district convention should form a pharmacopoeia, or select one in general use, and make therein such alterations and additions as may adapt it to the present state of medical science ; and elect delegates to meet in general convention in the city of Washing- ton on the 1st of January, 1820. 5. That the convention should form the national work from the district-convention pharmacopoeias. 6. That each district convention should be held at such time and place as may be agreed upon by a majority of the aforesaid institu- tions in the respective districts. Dr. Lyman Spalding devised the plan just described and sub- mitted it, January, 1817, to the New York County Medical Society.^ Feb. 2, 1819. A circular was received from the Medical Society of the State of New York, proposing the above plan for the forma- * Keport on the Pharmacopcsias of all Nations. By J M. Flint, Surgeon, TJ. S. Navy. In the Sanitary and Statistical Report of the Surgeon-General of the Navy for the year 1881. INSTI'IUTION OF COLLKdK OK I'lIYSICIANH OF I'll H,A OKI, I'll I A. U)') tion of i;iJMI lA. 109 January, 1820, it wiis (h.'lci-iniiicd tliaL the pliarrnacopfcia Hlioiild be revised every ten yeans, and to this end the PreHldent of it was directed to notify all the incorporated State medical societies, colleges, and schooi.s, on the first of January, 1828, to elect delegates to rejjre- sent thcni in the general convention to be assembled at Washington, D. C, January, 1830. April 29, 1828. A printed circular from the President of the general convention of January, 1820, Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell, notify- ing the institutions concerned tliat each is authorized to elect three of its members to represent it in the convention to meet in Washington, January 1, 1830, and requesting that the names of the delegates chosen be sent to him before April 1, 1829, was presented by Dr. Ilewson.^ Drs. Ilewson, Joseph Ilartshorne, and George B. Wood, were appointed to examine the national pharmacopoeia, and, before the election of delegates to the convention is held, report any amend- ments, corrections, and additions, which they may deem advisable. January 27, 1829. On motion of Dr. Ilewson, the Secretary was directed to send to each Fellow a copy of a resolution that the mem- J "Writ for the Medical Convention of 1830." " Whereas, the Convention that was held at the city of Washington in the month of January, 1820, for forming a Pharmacopoeia for our United Stales of America did resolve that the President of that Convention should, on the first day of Januarj'^, 1828, issue writs of election to the several incorporated State Medical Societies in the Northern, Middle, Sout-hern, and Western districts of the Nation, requiring them to ballot for three delegates to a General Convention to be held at Washington, on the first day of January, 1830, for the purpose of revising the American Pharmacopoeia ; and whereas, the several institutions, as aforesaid, are by the same authority requested to forward to the President on or before the first day of April, 1829, the names of the three persons chosen; with sundry other provisions contained in the historical introduction to the work, to which the reader is referred. "Now, therefore, I, Samuel L. Mitchell, give notice to all the incorporated Medical Societies, Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, Medical Schools, and Faculties of Universities, Colleges, and all other authorized bodies that tbey choose proper persons to represent them in the General Convention to be held in January, 1830, for revising the Pharmacopoeia. "Given under my hand, this first day of January, 1828, at the city of New York. Samuel L. Mitchell, President." 110 RUSCHENBERGER, bers be requested to furnish the committee on the pharmacopoeia a statement of their observation or experience in connection with articles of materia raedica not in the national pharmacopoeia, and sugges- tions for its improvement. Dr. Bache Avas added to the committee. June 30, 1829. The committee on the pharmacopoeia was author- ized to employ Mr. D. B. Smith, at the expense of the College, to make some experiments for the use of the committee. November 24, 1829. The committee presented a final report, of which the concluding paragraph is as follows : " The critical exami- nation of formulas and processes, the collating of authorities, both chemical and pharmaceutical, and the discussions incident to their inquiries, have imposed on your committee the necessity of holding not less than one hundred meetings, have protracted their labors beyond what was anticipated, and have prevented them from making an earlier report." Drs. George B. Wood and Franklin Bache were appointed dele- gates to represent the College in the general convention of January 1, 1830, and their expenses were directed to be paid. January 26, 183U. They reported in substance that very few of the delegates were in Washington on Friday, January 1st, the day appointed for the meeting of the convention, and, therefore, organiza- tion was deferred until Monday, January 4th. Those then present wereDrs. Lewis Condict and Isaac Pearson, from the Medical Society of the State of New Jersey ; Dr. John L. Morris, from the Medical Society of Delaware ; Dr. James H. Miller, from the Medico-Chi- rurgical Faculty of Maryland ; Drs. Thomas Henderson and N. W. Worthington, from Columbia College, D. C. ; and Drs. Wood and Bache, from the College of Physicians of Philadelphia : eight in all. Dr. Lewis Condict was elected President, and Dr. Thomas Hender- son, Secretary. Believing that the number of delegates present was inadequate to impart to the action of the convention the authority and influence requisite to secure the object in view, it was determined to invite the assistance of all congressmen present who were also members of the profession, as well as of the Surgeon-General of the Army, and the Senior Surgeon of the Navy. INSTITUTION 01'' OOLLKdP; OK I'lIYSICIANS OF I'll ILA l>i:i,IMI I A. Ill Jiiiiiiiiiy .Otli. Sur;rcon-(jli'rieriil .io.scj)li Lovcll, l)v. Natliun (iaitlicr, of Kentucky, and Dr. (}. E. Mitchell, of Maryland, mcmbcr« of ConfijrcHS, joined tlic convention. The revised draft of a pharniacopcjeia from the Colle^^e of I'liysi- cians of Philadelphia was presented, and referred to a committee of five, including the delegates from the College. A committee was appointed to devise a method for assemhling the next convention. January (Uh. ^fhe convention nict in oneof the rooms of the Capitol, occupied by the Cohnnl)ian Institute. Dr. Samuel Swan, member of Congress iVom New Jersey, and Dr. Bailey Washington, Surgeon U. S. Navy, took their seats. January 7th. The committee to which it had been referred, re- ported that in its opinion, "the draft of pharmacopoeia presented by the Philadelphia delegates was decidedly superior to the original work, and should be adopted as the basis of the new edition," and recom- mended that it should be referred to a committee composed of mem- bers from each of the large cities of the Union, authorized, after diligent examination, to amend or alter, and then publish it, as the National Pharmacopoeia: The appointment of members of the com- mittee was not restricted to the delegates present. They were selected on account of their supposed interest in the subject, which was inferred from their connection Avith the convention of 1820. The committee consisted of Dr. Thomas T. Hewson, chairman, and two members from each of these cities : Philadelphia, New York, Boston, Baltimore, Washington, D. C, Charleston, S. C, Lexington, Ky., and Cincinnati, Ohio. A copy of the draft of the pharmacopceia was to be furnished to the members of each city, which, after due consideration, was to be returned with amendments suggested to the chairman, who will notify all the members to meet in Philadelphia at any time he may, at his discretion, determine. At this meeting the proposed amendments will be adopted or rejected after due discussion. The chairman was authorized to fill vacancies in the committee, with the consent of the President and Secretarv of the convention. 112 RUSCHENBERGER, The method of assembling the National Convention of 1840 requires the President to notify the institutions concerned, through the medical journals, January 1, 1839, to elect delegates, and report their names to him immediately after their election. The names reported are to be published by him, October, 1839, in the medical journals, with a request that these delegates meet in convention at Washington, D. C, on the first Monday in January, 1840.^ When the reading of the report, summarized above, was concluded, the College voted its thanks to the delegates for their services, and authorized Drs. Hewson, Wood, and Bache, to have a copy of the draft of the pharmacopoeia made for each city named, at the expense of the College. The founding and publishing of this very important work is ascrib- able very largely, if not exclusively, to the enterprise of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. It was the only institution represented in the very slenderly attended national convention that presented a draft of a pharmacopoeia. Without it there would have been no basis for the revision of the work by this convention. General interest in the subject seems to have flagged after the publication of the pharmacopoeia of 1820. No medical institution of New England or New York sent delegates to the National Con- vention of 1830, Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell, of New York, the presi- dent, did not appear at the meetings. An explanation may be interesting at this time. An attempt was made, either designedly or through misunder- standing, to forestall the national convention, and so supersede its work. The prescribed method of constituting a convention to meet January 1, 1830, was that the president should, on the first of January, 1828, " issue writs of election to the several incorporated ^ The gentlemen appointed on the committee were Dr. Thomas T. Hewson chairman ; Drs. Jacob Bigelow and John W. Webster, for Boston; Alexander H. Stevens and John Watts, for New York ; George B. Wood and Franklin Bache, for Philadelphia; Samuel Baker and Elisha De Butts, for Baltimore; Thomas Henderson and N. W. Worthington, for Washington; John E. Tres- cott and James Moultrie, for Charleston, S C. ; W. H. Kichardson and R. W. Dudley, for Lexington, Ky. ; John Morehead and Charles E. Pierson, for Cin- cinnati. INSTITUTION OF C'OIJ.K(iE OF rJIY.SICIANS OF I'llILA hKLI'lI lA. 113 State niediciil societies, etc., in the northern (li.strict, rffjiiiring them to ballot for three delej^ates to a general convention to be hehl at Washington on I lie first of .Inimary, 18^30, for the purpose of revising the American phaniiacopceia ; and that these several institu- tions be rc((uest('d to forwai'd to the president, on or before the first day of Ajjril, 1li;iriii:i- copdiia. Siil)S('(|ii('iilly i>r. Wood, liiiviii;.' been ;i])f)oi)itc(l to represent the IJnivcnsity of I'ciinsyl vaiiia, resigned, nml l)r. Joseph Carson waH elocled in his place. December 24, l(S;j!>. Dis. Tlionias 'J\ Jlew.son, (ieorgc li. \V<;0(1, and Franklin ]iache, wbo h;i(l been a committee to revise the phar- macopeia of 1880, reported, in substance, that they harl begun work toward the close of May and up to date had given close attention to it, meeting usually three times a week. Availing themselves of per- mission granted by the College they IkkI engaged the assistance of practical ])harmacists, William Hodgson, Jr., and William Proctor, Jr. They hnd noted in an interleaved copy of the first decennial revision of the |tliarni;icop(eia the amendments which they proposed, and prepared also explanatory notes on the alterations recommended, combined with the reports of Messrs. Hodgson and Proctor on par- ticular processes, which, should the report be adopted, may be useful to the delegates by enabling them to understand the aims of the committee. March 3, 1840. The report of the delegates, dated January 20, was presented. Substantially, that they had assisted in the organi- zation of the National Medical Convention at Washington, Jan. 1, 1840, and besides themselves were present : Theophilus Dunn, of the Rliode Island Medical Society ; Lewis Condict, of the New Jersey Medical Society ; G. B. Wood, from the University of Pemisylvania ; Robley Dunglison, from the Jefferson 3Iedical College : Wm. W. jNlorris and James Couper, from the Delaware 3fedi('al Society ; John R. W. Dunbar, John C. S. Monkur, and Edward Foreman, from the Washington University, Baltimore ; Joshua J. Cohen, from the jNIedico-Chirurgical Faculty of Maiyland ; Thomas Sewall and N. W. Worthington. from the Medical Society of the District of Columbia ; Thomas Miller, Harvey Liudsley, and John M. Thomas, from Columbia College^ Washington, D. C. ; John W. Davis, from the Vincennes Medical Society, Indiana ; and AVilliam Bacon Stevens^ from the Ceorgia Medical Society, twenty in all. It is notable — in connection with the proceedings of 1830 — that no ^ Bishop of Pennsylvania from January 2, 1S62. 116 RUSCHENBERGER, delegates from Massachusetts, Connecticut, or New York were present. Dr. Condict was elected President, Dr. Wood, Vice-President, Dr. Wortliington, Secretary, and Dr. Harvey Lindsley, Assistant Secretary. The Surgeon-General of the Army and the Senior Surgeon of the Navy were invited to participate in the proceedings. Again the only papers submitted to the Convention were from the College. They were referred to a committee (Bache, Davis, Stevens, Cohen, and Dunn) to report a plan of revision and publication. The communication from the College of Physicians and all com- munications thereafter received were referred to the committee of revision and publication, consisting of seven (Wood, Bache, Dungli- son, Cohen, Dunn, Stevens, and Sewall) of which three Avere a quorum. The committee, which was to meet in Philadelphia at the call of the chairman, was authorized to request the cooperation of the Colleges of Pharmacy of the United States, to fill vacancies, to publish the revision and take whatever measures necessary to accomplish the object of this convention. The committee was directed to report, on the conclusion of its labors, its proceedings to the Secretary of this Convention, to be laid by him before the next one. The time of meeting of the National Medical Convention was changed from January to May, because the difiiculty of winter travel prevented many delegates from being present. The President was instructed to notify all institutions concerned, May 1, 1849, to elect three delegates to attend the National Medical Convention on the first Monday of May, 1850, and request each body to make a careful revision of the pharmacopoeia and report the result to the meeting. He was also to request medical and pharma- ceutical institutions to send the names of their delegates to him as soon as elected that they may be published in the medical journals and newspapers in February or March, of 1850. The College voted its thanks to Drs. Bache, Bond, and Carson, for their services, and ordered their expenses, in all $112.47, to be paid. The committee of revision held its first meeting February 10, 1840. Their work was published in Philadelphia in 1842. INSTITICI'ION OK COLIJsCM OK l-JIYSICIANS OK I'll I I,A l)KI,I'II f A . 117 As sl,:d,i!(l iilrc:idy, llic ('<,llcir,; of j'liy.siciaris of I'liiliiflolpiiia assisted to create and fdim ihc |)liarinacop(cia published in 1820. In the manner described, the College contributed the result of careful reviews of the work in aid of the revisions made under the authority of the National Medical Conventions of 18:50, '40, '50, '00, 'TO, and '80. Except the sixth, all the revisions of the |ili;irraacop(Bia were prepjtred and published in Philadclpliia. The convention of 1850 coiisisted of thirty members present, of whom five were the first dele^'ates ever ndmittcd from colleges of pharmacy. Of the seventy-nine delegates present in the convention of 1880, twenty-one— little more tlian a fourth — were from pharma- ceutical institutions. Of these thirteen were appointed on the com- mittee of revision and publication, consisting of twenty-five members. It was instructed to award the publication to the publisliing house offering the best terms. In the execution of this instruction there was disagreement. The work was issued in New York, 1882, by publishers whose bid, in the opinion of many, was the least eligible of all the bids made. Had the best terms offered been accepted, the publication would have continued in Philadelphia. The value of the labors and incidental expenses of the College in aiding to establish and foster the pharmacopoeia through many years — more than a half century, is measurable by the degree of importance accorded to the work. It is for the common benefit of the people. This fact is a very cogent if not conclusive reason why it should be hereafter maintained under the authority and at the expense of the United States, and cease to be among the charitable cares of local medical institutions. Pharmacopoeias of European States are com- piled and published at national expense, under authority of each government. The Pharmacopoeia is not the only work for the common welflire to which the College has given efficient help. It has always been ready to aid in the preservation of the public health, and in the pro- motion of investigations likely to benefit it, directly or indirectly. The desire to print the Transactiims of the College was manifested at long intervals. Drs. J. W. Moore and Otto were appointed Feb- ruary 1, 1820, to assist the censors in selecting those papei-^ in possession of the College which they might consider suitable for pub- 118 RUSCHENBERGER, lication. The poverty of the Society at the time made such occu- pation premature. The College consented, August 1, 1820, to examine such essays as might be submitted for prize medals oifered by the Humane Society for the best two dissertations on Suspended Animation from Submer- sion, and express its opinion of the comparative merits of the essays. December 5, 1820. The entrance fee to the College Avas reduced to ten dollars. The following, addressed to the President of the College, was read : The Select and Common Councils at their last meeting appointed a joint committee "to inquire into the facts connected with the ap- pearance and prevalence of malignant or pestilential disease during the past summer and present autumn, and report those means they may deem best adapted to prevent its recurrence or to check its prog- ress." That Committee respectfully invites the College of Physicians, the Academy of Medicine, the Board of Health, the Lazaretto phy- sician, the Port physician and others, to communicate answers to the following questions, directing to No. 225 Spruce Street. By order of the joint Committee, John R. C gates, Qliairman. November 29, 1820. 1st. Had you an opportunity of observing any cases of malignant fever in Philadelphia in the months of July, August, September, and October, 1820? 2d. In those districts which, according to your experience, were most affected by disease, what peculiar causes were discovered which did not exist in other parts of the city ? 3d. Did the disease abate in any considerable degree before the appearance of frost ? 4th. What means should be adopted with a view of preventing the recurrence, or of checking the progress of malignant autumnal fever in this city ? Drs. Hewson, Griffitts, and Emlen were appointed to prepare answers. At a special meeting, Dec. 20th, they submitted a report which was iNSTrru'i'ioN 01'' (;()i,i,i;(ii'; ni- i-iivsicians ok imiii-adku'Iiia. \\U ordered to he tnuisiiiiUed U) tlie clini 1111:111 of" tlie joint coiiirnittcc of the Select and Common Council of ilic city, as follows: The Coll('<^c of Physiciiiiis of l'liil;i(lcl|ilii;i liavc deliberately con- Hid(;i-ed the (|iiesti()iiH j)roj)(),sed hy you on llu; 21c<'n ;i(Iliclf(l with insanity." Tnos. rAKKK, Jos. Paiuush, John W. Mooue. April 2, 1826. An authenticated copy of tliis report was sent to the Governor. Zininierman's sentence was not executed. Th*' intervention of the College in this case cost the Society $50.2"), travelling expenses of the connuittee. Nov. 2, 1824. The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy represented that there was reason to believe that some practitioners received a royalty on prescriptions, as a consideration for sending them to certain apothecaries, and asked the College of Physicians to aid in extin- guishing the evil practice. The subject was referred to a committee, and after receiving its report, the College of Physicians assured the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Dec, 7th, that none of its Fellows had ever degraded him- self by such collusion, and hoped that the College of Pharmacy may be able to restrain its members from such improper conduct. At the same time attention was invited to those apothecaries who habit- ually prescribe for those who neglect to apply for proper medical advice. March 1, 1825. The College of Pharmacy appointed a committee — Messrs. D. B. Smith, Henry Troth, and Peter Lehman — to confer with committees constituted by the medical profession on " the most advisable means of discountenancing and checking the evil." The College of Physicians considered its participation in the pro- posed action inexpedient, because it would be " assuming authority over the members of another association," and, therefore, declined the conference, and at the same time expressed its opinion that the laudable efforts of the College of Pharmacy to check the improper practice of medicine by apothecaries would be eftectual. As long as there are medical practitioners and apothecaries whose conduct is not controlled by professional ethics or rules of honor, irregularities and vicious practices of the kind just referred to will 124 RUSCHENBEKGER, continue to exist, and measures to repress them -will be always required. June 6, 1826. The secretary was directed to record " the death of our much respected vice-president," who died May 12th, in his sixty-seventh year. NOTICE OF DR. SAMUEL POWEL GRIFFITTS. Samuel Powel Griffitts, the third and last child of William Griffitts and his wife Abigail Powel, who were members of the Society of Friends, was born in Philadelphia, July 21, 1759. He was educated at the College of Philadelphia, studied medicine under Dr. Adam Kulm, and received the degree of Bachelor of Medicine from the University of the State of Pennsylvania, July, 1781. He went to Paris the same year, and spent some time there attend- ing lectures and visiting the hospitals. In the fall of 1782, he re- paired to Montpellier ; and at the Medical School there, which was then famous, he followed a course of lectures. He devoted a part of the spring and early summer to visiting various places on the conti- nent, and reached London in June, 1783. In the autumn he went to Edinburgh and returned to London in the spring of 1784. After an absence of three years, diligently employed in observation and study, he returned to Philadelphia m the autumn of the same year. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society, January, 1785, and was one of its Council 1791—97. In 1786 he took an active part in founding the Philadelphia Dis- pensary, Many ascribe this work to his exertions alone. But in a short manuscript found among his papers Dr. Griffitts gives the credit to another. He says : " In the spring of 1785, Dr. Henry Moyes, who was then in Philadelphia giving a course of lectures upon natural philosophy, proposed to some persons of his acquaintance there, the instituting a public dispensary for the medical relief of the poor, much on the same plan as those of London and other large cities of Great Britain. The Doctor drew up the plan thereof, assisted by S. Powel ; but on account of his short stay in Philadel- phia, delayed making any further progress in the business, except INSTITUTION OK VA>\A.l'MK OK I'll VSIC'lANS OK I'll I I-A 01,1, I'll I A . 125 tiilkiiii^ of it, ;llll()ll<^^sl, liis (Viciids, iinil dcsiriii;^ mo to kccj) it in niiu'l, and to look out (or ;i, proper lioiisc. On tlie return of the ]>octor to the city, the Hubjuct was revived; ;ind nfter several convernations between Dr. Moyes, S. Powel, Dis. Jiush, Jlall, Morris, and him- self, a plan was agreed upon by them, and the institution organized. The first meeting of llie nnmagers and physicians was held at the City Tavern, February 10, 17HG, when it was resolved, as the first step, tliat the managers aiid physicians should collect subscriptions. At the next meeting, Fcl)ruary 24th, they reported 320 subscribers. Dr. Griffitts was a manager, and for seven years an attending physician of the institution. During forty years, with very few exceptions, he was a daily visitor at the Dispensary. To meet the demands of the jioor for medical relief, caused by a large increase of population, a dispensary was established in Soutlnvark and one in the Northern Liberties in 1816. In the foundation of these addi- tional charities he was probably no less actively interested than he had been, thirty years before, in instituting the first : so that, as Dr. Emerson says, "he may be fairly considered as the father of the dispensaries of his native city." He was a member of the Humane Society from 1786, and joined the Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery, which was chartered in 1789. He married Mary, a daughter of William Fishbourne, in 1787, who, Avith their six children survived him. He was appointed professor of materia medica in the University of Pennsylvania, 1792, and resigned the office after four years' service, 1796. During the prevalence of yellow fever in 1793, "97, '98, '99, 1802 and 1805, his services were conspicuous. " He stood in the midst of the desolation, and, regardless of personal danger, Avas solely intent upon extending relief to his suflering fellow-citizens."' When the French refugees from St. Domingo, Avho escaped from the successful insurrection there in 1793, arrived in Philadelphia, destitute of all but their lives, they found Dr. Griffitts to be their efficient friend. He spoke their language fluently. He was very active in procuring money and means and applying them to relieve the necessities of the sufferers. In a short time §12,000 were 126 RUSCHENBERGER, collected from our citizens for their use, a large part of wliicli was confided to Dr. Griffitts for distribution among tliem. "When the Philadelphia yearl}!- meeting of the Society of Friends, in 1811, proposed to make suitable provision for the care of such of its members as wei'e deprived of their reason. Dr. Griffitts eagerly enlisted himself in the cause. The subject had been on his mind many years. As soon as the Society had determined that an institution should be founded and placed under the direction of the contributing members of the Philadelphia yearly meeting, he drew up the plan and took a most active part in all the duties connected with the erection of the buildings and arrangements for the reception of patients. His labor contributed largely to the institution of the Friends' Asylum, near Frankford. Dr. Griffitts was an early riser, and always began the day by reading some part of the New Testament in Greek or Latin. " Im- pressed with a deep sense of the paramount obligations of religion, he was seldom known to be absent from the meetings of worship or business of his society." All his conduct was characterized by punctuality. '• The private Avorth and domestic virtues of Dr. Griffitts will forever endear his memory to his family, and to all who knew him intimately. As a friend, he was kind, sincere, and obliging ; as a husband attentive and affectionate : as a father fond and indulgent. His piety was founded on the Christian dispensation, as inculcated in the precepts, and maintained in practice by the rehgious Society of Friends." July 4, 1826. Thomas C. James was elected Vice-President of the College, in place of Dr. Griffitts deceased. May 1, 1827. A resolution, introduced at a previous meeting, was adopted that each member, in turn, beginning at the head of the list, shall, at each stated meeting, read an original or selected paper which shall be the subject of discussion; and that "every person failing to perform the duty shall pay the sum of one dollar." Dr. Parke read the first paper, On tlte Use of Qold and Warm Bathing, July 3d. At each subsequent meeting during many years a paper was read. To create and foster a custom of presenting INSTITUTION OK COI.LKUK 1 ' I'llYSICIANS OK I'll I LA OKI, I'll I A. 127 contrihiilioiis of the kiml, in .spiU; oi' hick of iiicmiih to puMi.'-li tlio Transactions, it \v:is rosolvcrlh Amcricavi Medical, and Sunjical Journal. Octohcr 24, 1S21', wlicn it was his turn to read a papci-, Dr. Parke excused liiniself, ami jtaid the fine, one dollar.' Sei)tetid)er 4, IS^T. The stated meetings of the .Society were up (o this time held in the afternoon. It wa.s resolved, the propo- sition havinu; hccii submitted March G, 1827, that the hour of meet- ini;- in iiiture be at seven o'clock I'.M. from October until March, and at eii^ht o'clock p.m. from April till September. A motion, made October 2d, that the stated meeting.s be held on the last Tuesday in each month, was adopted December 4, 1827. At this meeting Drs. Neill, Meigs, liiian, Mitchell, and Ilodge submitted a proj)osition that the number of fellows of the College shall not e.vceed forty. It was considered January 20, 1828, and postponed. In consequence of the change in the time of meeting, the bill for rent included a charge of $6 a year for caudles. July 29, 1828. The death of Dr. AVilliam Currie, one of tlie founders of the College, wdio died June loth, is recorded. NOTICE OF DR. WILLIAM CURRIE. WiLLiA.Ai Cfrrie. a son of an Episcopal clergyman, wdio was a native of Scotland, was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1754. It was designed that William should become a clergyman. AVith this view his education was directed. Under the instruction of his father and competent teachers, he acquired thorough knowdedge of Latin and Greek, and a superficial knowledge of the Hebrew lan- guages. It is stated that at an early age he had imbibed opinions in conflict Avith those inculcated by the Thirty-nine Articles, and for this reason he was not willing to become a public teacher in the Church. He 1 The treasurer reported, November 26, 183o, ihat the fines paid up to date amounted to SIT. 128 RUSCIIENBERGER, preferred the medical profession, and was apprenticed to Dr. Kearsley. After the close of his apprenticeship he attended the medical lectures of the Collegfi of Philadelphia. No dii>loina was conferred upon him. "Whether he obtained from the professors (as his contemporary and fellow constituent of the College of Plijsicians, Benjamin Duffield, did, because no commencement was held in 1774) certificates that he had attended their lectures has not been ascertained. It is certain, however, that he did not write M.B. or M.D. after his name on the title-page of any one of the several books and pamphlets which he published. He entered the American Army as a surgeon early in the revolu- tionary conflict. In 1776 he was attached to the military hospital on Long Island, and subsequently at Amboy. His father was a tory, and viewed the resistance of the colonies to the authority of the mother country as highly improper. lie earnestly endeavored to dissuade his son from entering the army, and promised, if he- had determined to engage in military service, to use his influence to obtain for him a surgeon's commission in an English regiment. Young Currie was inflexible. He conceived it to be his duty to prefer the service of his country, in spite of the toil, danger, and privations incident to it, rather than that of its oppressors with all its advantages then seemingly in prospect. At the close of the war he began to practise medicine in the town of Chester, and soon afterward married. The Philadelphia Directory for 1785 records his residence at the corner of Second and Pine Streets. He Avas elected a member of the American Philosophical Society July, 1792, and contributed to the Transactions, vol. iv., a paper On the Insalubrity of Flat and Marshy Situations ; and Directions for Preventing or Correcting the Effects thereof. For many years he was a member of the Board of Health, and senior physician of the Magdalen Asylum. His first wife having been dead some time, he married, 1793, the widow of Dr. Busch, They had one son and three daughters. The son and one daughter survived their parents. The death of Mrs. Currie, in 1816, made upon him a profound and lasting impression. From that time it is stated that his mental vigor gradually abated, but he iNSTJ'rirrioN ov coia.faik of I'lrvsioiANS of i'nn,Ai>i.i,i'(riA. 129 addressed ii, hii^lit (^oniiiiiiiiic^iilion, l)c(:c,tiilH'r f)lic/Jj years. None was more riiitlil'iill v assiduous in attention to his duty. His abilities were marked nioreljy solidity than brilliance; more by pla,in (lommon sense tlian by lliLdits of <^enius. In his intercourse with his professional brctlircn, bis deportment was always dignified and courteous. Dr. Parrish says, " He was truly a peacemaker, and as such was blessed with the respect and kind feeling of his medical associates. Amidst all the collisions which may have agi- tated our community he held the even tenor of his way, main- taining his own opinions without unfriendly collision with others. " In the memorable and deeply to be deplored controversy about the contagion and non-contagion of yellow fever, he has told me how he labored, in the early stage, to preserve harmony in the pro- fession by personal and friendly efforts extended to prominent and estimable characters who held conflicting opinions. He saw, aa he expressed it, the small spark ; but he was unable to extinguish it and prevent the conflogration. Still such was the discretion which marked his course, so convinced were all parties of the purity of his motives that he retained their universal esteem. " In the discharge of his duty to his patients and the community at large he was faithful and intrepid. No circumstances of personal danger, of privation, or fiitigue would induce him to abandon his post during those aAvful epidemics of yellow fever which have con- signed so many thousands of our citizens to the grave. " Nothing could move him ; and although in the year 1793, in common with many of his professional brethren, he was laid pros- trate by the disease, not a few of whom fell victims to its violence, yet he rose from his attack to renew his best efforts to stay the progress of the destroyer. Noble, indeed, is such an example, and worthy to be followed. " He was always alive to the active duties of his profession, and the calls of humanity, even in advanced age. " For some years previously to his death I attended him through 134 RUSCIIENBERGER, several severe attacks of illness; one, a remittent fever then preva- lent throughall parts of our country. " His fine and vigorous constitution rose above these depressing causes, and he still continued his usual avocations. He always visited his patients on foot, and in this respect was similar to Drs. Kuhn and Griffitts." " Feeling unable to discharge his duties in the college, owing to his advanced age and declining health, Dr. Parke resigned his fellowship Nov. 30, 1830. Drs. Otto and Parrish were instructed to request him to withdraw his resignation, and assure him that the college excused him from involuntary attendance. At the meeting of Dec. 28th he occupied the chair. Again, Jan. 31, 1832, he tendered his resignation, but at the request of the fellows, he consented to continue his connection with the college. Bodily infirmities prompted him to ofier his resigna- tion, for a third time, July 30, 1833, but Drs. Otto and Parrish, at the instance of the college, induced him to withdraw it. June 2, 1835. The treasurer reported that the income of the college for the preceding year was (fines $13, annual contributions $84, entrance $10) $107 ; and the total expenditures were $82.82. July 6. A special meeting was held on account of the death of the president, Dr. Thomas C. James, who died the day before at 8 o'clock P.M. Resolutions of regret ; that a fellow be appointed to prepare a memoir of the deceased, and that the college adjourn to meet the next day at his late residence to attend his funeral at 4 o'clock P.M., were adopted. Oct. 6. Drs. Coxe, Bond, and Moore, were appointed to arrange for the convenient and safe keeping of the records of the college and for the better accommodation of the library. Feb. 2, 1836. On motion of Dr. R. M. Huston, certain remarks about the college, published in the Boston. Medical and Surgical Journal of January 6, 1836, were referred to the censors for investi- gation and report. March 1. Dr. Henry Neil, in behalf of the censors, reported that they had fully examined the observations alluded to, as follows : INS'lMTiri'lON 01'' (.'OI.M'ldl'; OK IMIYSHMANS OF JMI I LA I)i:i,IMI I A . 105 " Wlicii <'iii|)ii-i(-isiii sliiclds itself iui!, m;()I'; ov i'iivsicianm ok imiii,ai*);i,I'iiia. \'.'>7 .Iiuk; J;iM. 7, IS IT). The lrc;isiiicr rc|)(ti-tc o'clock I'. .M., on account of IIk; (Icalli of the la,tc Vicc-I*rcsi(l(!iit, Dr. Henry Neill. After ap])ointiiiaac Parrish, John Neill, John Bell, Henry H. Smith, and Edward Halluweil were appoinied. iNSTi'i'tri'ioN 01'' (:n\.\.\<](:\<) ok imivsicians of i'iiii.aoki.I'IIIA. 14.'5 ,liiii(! ID. TIk^ (•onimiltcc suhiiiittcd ;i rciiort, ;iii'l rosolnt.ioriH : 'riiiii il. is cxiicdicnt. I.o round :i iniisciiin of |);it liol'i;:ic;d iiiiiitorriy, to bo under Uio dirccLion and control of tlic colU-^o, nnd that a Hum not exceeding ^W he approprintcil for the erection of the; neccHHary cases witliin the h;dl, imd lor the |irc|)!ii-ation :ind arrangement of such S{)ccinicns as may he presented. That a curator and coniniittec on the museum Itc appointed as officers of the college, in the same manner as the librarian and library committee nre appointc, IHGo, the collcjf^e autliorized the chairman of the committee of the Mutter Museum to invest $2000 of the accnmuhited I'niul. In May, 1HG7, Dr. Jioberl Bridges was paid §^00 for analyzing the urinary calculi of the collection. The expenses incidental to the Mutter lectureship were properly cliarged to the fund. In 1ST3, after obtaining legal advice on the subject, the purchase of some costly books desirable for use in connection with the Museum was author- ized. Still the income accumulated. July 2, 1878, the balance was $4S!)1.2!». The college directed $4000 to be invested in .such manner that it might be readily converted into Ciish in case of need. This investment was sold, by direction of the college, August 4, 1874, in order to pay for the Ilyrtl collection, bought for S1800 gold. In July, 187<), $800 were paid for the Politzer collection. In July, 1877, the balance was $2943.81. The college directed, Oct. 2, 1878, the accumulated income to be invested, from time to time, in legal securities. The apartment had become so much crowded by the end of 1876, that considerable increase of the number of specimens by purchase was considered not expedient till room should be provided for their preservation and proper display. Consequently the income of the INIiitter fund accumulated; the balance at the close of 1883 exceeded $7000. It had been foreseen ten years previously that space for the accommodation of the rapidly growing library and museum would be needed ; and, to provide means to enlarge the college hall, a build- ing fund was begun. It increased so slowly, however, that it was yet quite inadequate to meet the demand. Under the circumstances, it was suggested that the college could be justified in borrowing $5000 of the surplus income of the trust fund, giving a mortgage to insure payment of the debt ; and that a^s much more as might be necessary should be obtained elsewhere on like security. Upon the propriety of adopting such a financial plan opinion was divided. Discussion resulted in referring the question to the com- mittee on finance, and. at last, to a legal tribunal. It was argued that the college could legitimately use accumulated 150 RUSCHENBERGER, income to extend the space for museum purposes, for the reason that a chief object of the Miitter trust is to provide for the maintenance and continuous increase of a free medical museum. It is obvious that the increase of the number of objects must be limited by the space afforded for their display, and, therefore, opportune expansion of that space is fairly a part of the cost of increasing the contents of the museum. Some were confident, on the other hand, that, under the terms of its agreement with Dr. Miitter, the college is bound to augment the capacity of the building continuously, pari passu, with the increase of the museum, and to apply the income of the fund exclusively according to a literal construction of its specifications. Two eminent lawyers separately gave opinions on these points, based on partial data submitted to them by the different parties. Their opinions did not coincide ; had they been alike, their authors lacked the official position which is needed to make legal opinion authoritative, decisive. The committee on finance engaged legal counsel, Feb. 16, 1884. An eminent lawyer gave notice, a day or two later, that he had been retained by the committee on the Mutter Museum, and that, inas- much as this committee occupied the position of lender, it should be the plaintiff" in the proposed amicable suit. The chairman of the committee on the Miitter Museum, in a petition to the Court of Common Pleas No. 2, dated March 27, stated in substance that the College of Physicians had not, in answer to its application, instructed the committee in reference to the disposition to be made of the accumulated income of the Miitter fund in such manner and form as would justify and protect the action of the com- mittee in the premises, and, therefore, the Court Avas asked to order the College of Physicians to answer the application of the committee and abide by the directions Avhich the Court might give. The fact that the college had authorized, Oct. 2, 1878, the chairman of the committee to invest in legal securities from time to time such parts of the income as may seem desirable, was not mentioned. It will be observed that the chairman of the committee on the Mutter Museum — an agent elected annually by the college for specified purposes — assumed that the committee is a body somehow INSTITUTION OK COI-MOdI'; 01' I'llYSICIANS OF I'll Il-A OKM'II I A. 151 sepai'iiic (Voin tli(! collc^rc, Iiiivin;^ in some liiiiitc, 1871. Dr. W. F. deid^H was appointed, Nov. 4, 1874, to deliver a course of lectures on the Hur<:;ical p;itholo;^y of tin; female sexual or^fMns ; but ill health compelled him to withdraw from the engagement Oct. 6, 1875. Dr. \{. M. Bertolett was appointed the same day. He resigned Nov. 7, 1877. Dr. S. W. Gross was appointed, Feb. 6, 1879, for the three-year term ending 1876, and delivered a course of lectures on the surgical pathology of tumors. Dr. E. 0. Shakespeare was appointed, June 6, 1879, for the term of 1877-8-9, to give a course of lectures on the nature of inflamma- tion. Dr. jr. Formad, the last upon whom this honor has been con- ferred, Avas appointed Nov. 1, 1882, the subject of his course of lectures being gangrene and blood poisoning. The college has earnestly endeavored to execute every part of Dr. Miitter's trust ; but the result has not been equal to the effort, nor to probable expectation in all respects. The lectureship on surgical pathology has procured only eight courses of ten lectures each since its foundation, at a cost of at least $3000. The average attendance at any one course has not been stated ; hut it was never suflRcient to imply that the medical community in general very highly appreciated the opportunity of improvement which they offered. Whether the museum is worth the labor, care, and money neces- sarily expended to maintain and increase it continuously, without end, is a question not easily answered. While the usefulness of such collections to help teachers of medical science in their demonstrations may not be doubted, their value in possession ftf a medical society composed cliiefl}" of busily employed practitioners of medicine and surgery is not quite certain. iNIany visit the museum merely to gratify curiosity. How many resort to it only for study, or consult it for information alone, has not been ascertained. Possibly the founder did not underestimate the general benefit which would flow 154 RUSCIIENBERGER, from his munificent gift ; but, up to this time, conckisive evidJert'Cie' that medical science has gained anything from it is wanting. THE BUILDING FUND. On motion of Dr. George Fox, Nov. G, 1849, a committee^' wa» appointed to ascertain the probable cost of a lot, and the sum neces- sary to erect thereon a building suitable for the college, and to> submit a plan for raising the money. The committee reported, Dec. 4, that the cost of a lot and of the erection of a building were estimated at |20,000, and recommended that the securities ($945) now held by the college, with contributions, which might be received from fellows and others, be vested in a trusty composed of three fellows of the college, and held by them until the- fund shall amount to $20,000, which shall be then expended exclu- sively in the purchase of a lot and the erection of a building. The- report was adopted, and Drs. George B. Wood, George Fox, and J. Rodman Paul were elected trustees of the building fund, Jan. 15^ 1850. A committee to solicit contributions was appointed.^ Considered in connection with the previous history of the college^ its meagre income and very modest expenditure from the beginning, the institution of this building fund was a long step forward. There- was nothing apparent in the immediate surroundings to encourage belief that the project would be very soon realized. Few were inter- ested in its success, but they were sagacious and patient and hopeful^ and did all in their power to promote the enterprise. Their work laid the foundation of the stability and progress of the college by securing for it a permanent abode, a fixed home. No doubt the fellows then active, but now in final repose, hopefully awaited the periodical reports of the growth of the fund, and indulged in pleas- ing conjectures abottt the coming fortune of the society; every fresh report cheered their efforts to augment the sum of contributions, and ^ George Fox, George B. Wood, Isaac Hays, J. K. Paul, and Charles D. Meigs. ^ Drs. Fox, Condie, Moreton Stille, West, and Norris. INSTITUTION OK < 'A > \ A A'Ki K dl' I'llVSHMANS OF I'l III-A I.M'l H A . lo^ SO Ciicli Hucccc(liii<.'; report was rniido better. 'I'lic triiHtccH annonrifcd January 6, 1851, investments at par S6,540.1<), and cash ^7''}.40. ^riicy rei)()rt('(l .laiiiiary 0, 1'Sr)2, tlic investrnenlH at rnarkft rate |7,4()(i. Jan. T), 1853. Contrihutions diirin;^ tli<; year . . ^3,705 'I'lic present value of tlie fund . . ]1,21»5 " 4, 1854. " " " . . 12,000 " 3, 1855. " " " . . 15,000 " 2, 185G. " " " . . 15,907 " 7, 1857. " " " . . 18,145 " G, 1858. " " " . . 10,745 " 5, 1859. " " " . . 21,545 The object for which the trust was created had been attained. The chairman asked the fellows of the college " to take such action as they may deem best." Feb. 2, 1859. Measures were adopted to continue the trustees of the building fund for five years. A committee was appointed, March 4, to purchase a lot. It announced, Jan. 4, I860, that a lot at the corner of Thirteenth and Locust Streets had been bought for $10,807.93, and the deed delivered to the trustees of the building fund. The committee was discharged. The trustees reported that the cash and securities amounted, Jan. 1, 1860, to $12,682, and that the estimated value of the whole of the property, real and personal, in their hands was $24,373.41. Dr. George B. Wood promised, April 4, to advance $5,000, which he thought w^ould be needed in addition to $25,000 to be raised, in order to finish the building in time to secure the Mutter legacy. A committee^ Avas appointed, Dec. 5, to procure plans of building. Jan. 2, 1861, the trustees i-eported that the building ftuid amounted to $15,845.15 ; and, Feb. 6, that they had purchased a lot, 18 by 118 feet, joining the eastern boundary of the college property, for $3,540.67, thus securing an increase of the site for the college buildina:. ^ Isaac Hays, J. R. Paul, G. W. Norris, Edward Hart^horne, and George Pox. 156 RUSCHENBERGEK, May 8. A plan of building was submitted, the erection of which the architect estimated would cost $28,000. Further consideration of the subject was postponed till the next meeting, June 5, 1861. Dr. Wood said, in a letter read at the meeting: " The college, therefore, has to raise |12,000 before they have the requisite amount. Cannot this be done in any way ? I do not, as I before told you, like the idea of a mortgage, which, should any serious calamity occur to the city, might imperil, through the depre- ciation of property, the whole of the money which has been raised with so much difficulty, and might even put Dr. Mutter's museum in danger." July 3. The chairman of the committee on plans read a letter from Dr. Wood, in which he urged the adoption of a plan of building such as might be completed within the means of the building fund, satisfy the terms of agreement with Dr. Miitter, and be afterward extended. Sept. 4. A plan of building was submitted by the committee, the southern part of which embraced two apartments on the ground floor, each 44 by 23 feet, one designed for lectures and the other to receive the Miitter collections, and so secure the bequest. The entire plan covered an area of 73 feet on Thirteenth Street by 56 feet on Locust Street. Oct. 2. Swayed by the idea that builders' estimates are uncertain, and that the fund was still insufficient, the college determined that it was " not expedient to take measures forthwith for the erection of a new hall ;" but resolved, Dec. 18, to begin to build. The plans were approved. A building committee was appointed, and authorized to invite proposals for supplying material and labor, and to appoint W. H. Windrim, architect, to supervise the proposals. The trustees stated, Jan. 1, 1862, that the market value of the invested fund was about $10,000, besides rents, cash, and contribu- tions, amounting to $2,268. A motion that it was inexpedient at that time to erect a building, was laid on the table. Feb. 19, 1862. The committee was authorized to make contracts for the construction of the southern part of the hall, covering an area of 78 by 56 feet, the whole cost not to exceed $13,700 ; and, April 2, for the completion of the whole of the exterior, the ground plan of INSTITUTION OK (JOM-K'i K OK I'HYSICIANS OF I'll M-A OKI, I'll I A. 157 whicli tti(!asm((8 110 by r>(j feet, at an additional cost of not more than .1157,000. The l)uihlin^ was so nearly ready to ac(tonirnodate the society that tlie mana<^ers of tlie J'ennsylvania Hospital were notified in Nov. 18G2, that the college would j^iv(; up the "Picture House" at the end of the year, or a month or two later. The college met in the new hall for tlie first time, March, 1863. The final report of the trustees of the hiiilding fund was presented and the trust annulled. The treasurer reported, June a, that §r;,UUO, loaned on the security of a mortgage, had been deposited in bank to the credit of the college. The payment of interest> on that loan continued to be a serious incum- brance, and there was no prospect at any time that the society would ever be able to pay the principal. It would still be a burthen, had not Dr. George B. Wood generously provided in his will for the extinguishment of the debt. July 1. The building committee was constituted the hall com- mittee until the next annual election. It reported, Jan. 6, 1864, that the hall was in complete repair, but the rooms were unfurnished. The building committee presented its final report, Feb. 3, 1864, and was discharged with a vote of thanks for " the energetic and successful manner" in which its work had been done. The committee reported that the site of the college cost §14,408 Building, paving, etc -o,^o\j Furniture, book-eases, gas-fixtures, etc. ' . . • 1,100 Total $40,758 "It must be manifest," the committee remarks, "that we have reason to be proud of what the profession of our city has done for the promotion of our science, the improvement of the healing art, and the relief of human suffering. And this has nearly all been accomplished by the contributions from our hard-worked and inade- quately compensated profession ; the whole sum furnished from other sources amounting to only about twenty-five hundred dollars. " We are j^ratified, also, to be able to state that this great enter- 158 RUSCHENBERGER, prise has been achieved without involving the college in any debt except the mortgage for five thousand dollars."^ Not many years after the society was fixed upon its own premises the rate of increase of the library warned the fellows that room in the building for its accommodation would be insufficient at no very distant day in the future. Taught by past experience how dis- courao-inwly tedious is the Avork of gatherino; a considerable sum of money in numerous gifts from a small community, not many members of which are beyond the need of working daily for support, the college, in order to provide in time for the foreseen want, appointed a committee,^ Jan. 6, 1875, to devise a plan for collecting a building fund at the earliest day practicable. The proposition of the com- mittee, which was adopted April 7, was that all entrance fees and any annual surplus which the college could afford, should be appro- priated to the building fund, and that subscriptions, donations, and legacies to it should be encouraged. Dec. 1, $400 were transferred from the treasury of the college to the fund. Want of room increased more rapidly than the building fund. The committee of the Miitter Museum and the Hall committee were instructed, Jan. 4, 1882, to inquire "whether part of the accu- mulated interest of the Miitter fund could not be borrowed, to be invested in the contemplated addition to the building, and the re- mainder to be raised on mortgage at five per cent, to be paid off" by the establishment of a sinking fund." Dr. J. M. Da Costa presented, March 3, 1883, a thousand dollars to begin a special building fund, and a committee was appointed to solicit subscriptions to it.^ Feb. 6, 1884, Dr. Mitchell reported that on the first of July the available fund would amount to about $7515, and proposed to aug- ment this sum by the issue of bonds for suitable amounts, not to 1 Summary of the Transactions of the College of Physicians of Pniladelphia, vol. iv., new series, 1874. ' Drs. George Fox, J. Pt. Paul, L. Kodman, EUerslie Wallace, and I. Minis Hays. s S. Weir Mitchell, C. S. Wurts, J. M. Da Costa, I. Minis Hays, and J. L. Ludlow. Dr. Da Costa declined, and Dr. J. C. Wilson was appointed in his place, April 4. INSTTI'DTION Oh' (!OI.M';UI'; Ol' I'llVKICIANS OF I'll I I.A I)|,I,MI I A . ] '>U ■exceed !|20,00(), to lie sceiircMl to t,iii.st.(;eH by a iiiorfffii^e on tlif; Idiild'uii^ ; i^/jOOO of the lionds to 1m; |ini(|i;i,sed by ibo coiimiittoc of tb(^ Miit,t(!r MuHCMiiii, and llie lent by I't'llovvH of tb(r eolle;.^e. ^rbe proposition was i(;ferred to the committee on finance, wbicb j'ej)ort('d at a, substMpicnt meeting against its adoption, A con)mitte(! on biiiidin;^ was appointed.' March 4, IHcSf), the aggregate of the building fund was ^14, .081. April 1. 'I'he thanks of the college were presented for donations to the building fund to Mrs. Cyrus McCormick, of Chicago, ^1000; Mr. llartman Kuhn, |500 ; Mr. Samuel Clarkson, $400; Mrs. Mifflin Wistar, |100 ; and, April 8, to Mr. William Disston, $500 Mr. A. J. Drexel, $2o0 " Ed. II. Fitler, 'if^O " A. 11. Moore, 2",0 " George AV. Childs, 250 " J. F. Sinnott. 125 The committee on building was authorized to proceed at once to ■construct a third story on the hall at a cost not exceeding 324,500, ■exclusive of heating apparatus, and, if necessary to borrow f$GOOO, secured by a mortgage on the hall, a fellow having volunteered to pay the interest thereon for three years. The necessary scaffolding was erected ; the work of construction, begun May 27, 1885, was completed May 31, 1886. In Dec. 1885, Mr. George W. Childs contributed $2500 to finish tlie work. The interior was not completed till some time in November. Thanks to the generosity of man}^ of the fellows and the bounty of their friends, whose contributions exceed $6000, the college has enlarged its premises without incurring any debt, at a cost of $26,498.50. PUBLICATIONS OF THE COLLEGE. A proclamation to the people that the College of Physicians of Philadelphia had been founded, which was printed in The Pcnnsi/I- ^ John H. Brinton, E. llartshorne, Ellwood "Wilson, J. H. Hutchinson, and 0. S. Wurts. Dr. Hartshorne resigned from the committee March 5, and Dr. Robert P. Harris was appointed in his place. 160 RUSCHENBERGER, vania Packet and Daily Advertiser, February 1, 1787, witli the form of its constitution and list of members, was the first publication of the society. The college published an eulogium on Dr. William Cullen by Dr. Kush, delivered July 9, 1790. A desire to publish the Transactions of the college had been long manifest before its realization was effected. The importance of such method of publication was comparatively great, because it was at that time almost the only way by which professional essays could be presented to the pubhc. Now, periodicals, issued weekly, monthly, quarterly, are open to competent writers on every imagin- able subject of special or general interest to society. The first part of volume 1 of Transactions of the College of Physi- cians of Philadelphia was published in July, 1793. Among other thino-s it contains a discourse on the objects of the institution, read before the college by Dr. Benjamin Kush, Feb. 6, 1787. A pamphlet entitled Proceedings of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia relative to the prevention of the introduction and spreading of contagious diseases was published in 1798, Another, Facts and observations relative to the nature and origin of the pestilential fever lohich prevailed in this city in 1793, 1797 and 1798. By the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, was issued in 1800. Dr. Wistar's eulogium on Dr. Wm. Shippen delivered in March, 1809, was published by the college April, 1818. The college was inactive during many years. Hoping to revive the spirit which characterized the early times of the society, measures were adopted to publish quarterly a summary of its transactions. Between Nov. 1841 and Jan. 1850 three volumes were issued under the direction of a committee on publication. To reduce the cost of production, so that it would be less incon- venient to defray, an agreement Avas made with a firm of book pub- lishers to print and sell the work. A new series of the summary of transactions was begun Nov. 1850, and continued until the end of July, 1857. Then, the importance of curtailing the expense induced a change in the method of publication. An arrangement was made with the proprietors and editor thereof to publish, free of cost, in INSTITUTION OK ('()l,l,K(iK I>V I'llYSICIANS OF I'll If.A Ol./J'/I I A . 1 f) 1 The Avicrican Journal of the Mfdical Scinices, tlio wriUen and VL'ihal coniiiiiiiiicalioiis, ;itiV l-lfVSICIANH OF I'll II-AIM;M'HI A. 1G5 Feb. 27, 1X04. My Di'iAR DooTou : The lM)r)ks promisfd to tlic college Homo time ugo liiivc Ixjcii pliiccd in tlu; libriiry. I now l)(',i!; to ))r('Hent tlicni tliroii;j;li you to the oollegc, with the earnest wisli tlin.t tlicy may tend, in .sonic degree, to advance it8 interests !Ukd usefulness. Very truly yours, Saml. Lewis. Dr. Alfrki) Stii.lk, Oliamnan of the Library Committee. On motion of Dr. Stille, Besolved, That the thanks of the college are hereby presented to Dr. Samuel Lewis for his munificent gift of more than 2500 volumes of medical books, and that they shall be preserved as a separate collection under the name of the Lewis Library. Drs. Isaac Hays, John H. Packard, and others, contributed a number of books and pamphlets during 1864. April 5, 1865. Dr. Samuel Lewis presented a MS. on the yellow fever of 1762, by Dr. John Redman, -which was referred to the pub- lication committee with power. Sept. 25. Mr. George Ord presented his general library to the college on condition that the books be safely kept in the building of the institution. Mr. Ord died before the library was delivered, and the college paid |330 collateral inheritance tax on its appraised value, in Feb. 1866. Subsequently, July 5, 1882, it was sold for |550, which were ordered to be expended in the purchase of desirable books to be credited to the bounty of Mr. George Ord. April 4, 1866. Li order that the library might be open daily. Dr. George B. Wood agreed to give SoOO annually, as stated in the fol- lowing communication : March 17, 1886. My Dear Doctor: It has occurred to me that the library of the college of physicians is not so useful to the fellows as it ought to be, in consequence of the 166 RUSCHENBERGER, short space of time during which it is accessible. It often happens that a practitioner wishes to decide some point hastily by consulting the books ; or he may have a leisure hour or two Avhich he could very profitably spend in a large medical library ; or he may be investigating a point in relation to which it may be expedient to glance at a large number of authorities ; in short, it would be easy to indicate many ways in which our great collection might be made much more serviceable than it now is, if the library could be kept longer open. Knowing that the college has little money to spare, I have thought that I could not better dispose of a portion of my income than, with the approval and under the direction of the college, to apply it to this purpose. I would, therefore, propose to pay annu- ally to the treasurer of the college five hundred dollars, provided that with this sum arrangements can be made for keeping the library open every day, Sundays excepted, throughout the year, from 9 or 10 A.M. to 2 or 3. P.M. ; the rooms being comfortably warmed, and the librarian, or an assistant, present to hand the books wanted, and attend generally to the interests of the concern. In the uncertainty of human affairs, it might happen, from unfore- seen misfortunes, that it would be inconvenient to me to pay this sum ; and I am compelled, therefore, to ask of the college an accept- ance of the grant subject to this contingency. If the college will, with this limitation, receive the proposed payment for the purpose mentioned, and direct and superintend its application, I assure you that I shall consider that they are doing me a favor. I shall probably be unable to be present at the next meeting, and I would thank you, if you find the proposed measure in accordance with your own views of what may be expedient in the case, to bring the subject before the college for their consideration. Sincerely your friend, George B. Wood. Dr. Isaac Hays. May 2, 1866. Dr. Wood presented the portraits of three of the former presidents of the college. INSTITUTION OK (:()I,m;(;i; ok i-hysicians or I'Hilajh^lphia. \('>7 .Jiiii. 1, ISOS. The lihiiiry coiiiiiiittee reported the state of the library as follows : V'oliitnod. Ord Library . . . 2,0fJ8 I;ewis Library . . . '',220, increase 264. KiiHt room . .. . . i},2!>9 West " . . . . 3,987 " 387. 12,-083 Duplicates .... 501, decrease 65 Volumes loaiuMl from Dec. 1, 1865, to Dec. 1, 1866, 197. 1866, " 1867, 388. Feb. 5. Mr. Ferdinand Coxe presented a MS. note book of Dr. John Redman. March 4. Ordered that |500 be invested, including a donation of $445.90 from the Philadelphia Medical Society, and that the interest thereof be applied, in accordance with the condition of the gift, to increase the library of the college.' July 2, 1879. Books bequeathed to the college by Dr. George B. Wood were received. Nov. 5, 1880. Dr. S. Weir Mitchell presented a thousand dollars to establish a Journal Fund, or for such other disposition of its income for the benefit of the library as the college may from time to time determine. The treasurer Avas directed to invest the gift and keep it separate under the title of the Weir Mitchell Library Fund. Dr. Mitchell 1 The Philadelphia Medical Society, fuunded 1789, was discontinued in 1868. Its archives are in the college In The Medical JVeics, Jan. 1843, is the follow- ing: "The Philadelphia Medical Society, for example, a mere acorn once, has grown into a huge oak whose branches extend from the north to the south of this Union, and whose motto might have been quantum latet, in allusion to its origin, instead of cr colUsionc scintilla. This society had a very humble begin- ning; its junior members held their meetings in Lyttle's school house, a small frame building next to Genl. Cadwalader's house, south Second Street, below Spruce Street; each junior member carried his candle with him, and friend Lyttle's ink pots, in the desks, were the sockets for our candles ; then and there were discussed, as we thought, learnedly, of course, the merits of the CuUenian and Brunonian doctrines." 168 RUSCHENBERGER, made a second contribution of one thousand dollars to this fund March 1, 1882. Feb. 2, 1881. Miss Emily Thomas began to make a card catalogue of the library. Jan. 4, 1882. Mrs. Helen C. Jenks presented a large number of medical books. Nov. 5, 1884. Dr. Alfred Stille presented 695 volumes. April 1, 1885. The Samuel D. Gross library of the Academy of Surgery was deposited : it is to be the property of the college on the dissolution of the academy. Dr. I. Minis Hays presented 901 ; and, Jan. 6, 1886, Mr. Greorge 1. McKelway 166 volumes. June 2, 1886. Mrs. J. F. Weightman presented 512 volumes, 351 of which were new to the library. With few exceptions they all treat of ophthalmological subjects, and with the Lewis collection make the library very full in this department. Mr. William Weightman presented, Jan. 1887, $1000, on condi- tion that the income from the investment thereof be used to purchase books on ophthalmic surgery to be added to the collection given by the widow of Dr. Weightman. The Parry library and the obstetrical library were received June 2, 1886, as a permanent deposit, the books to be catalogued and cared for as a part of the college library, to be used by the fellows, and members of the Obstetrical Society of Philadelphia. At the close of 1886, the contents of the library were as follows :^ Volumes. Volumes, General library, 20,016 and duplicates. 1,718 Lewis " 9,276 Miitter " 94 On sjjecial deposit : Sam'l D. Gross library. 3,250 a 1,882 H. Lenox Hodge " 1,665 Obstetrical " 33 iC 326 34,234 3,926 1 Annual Keport of the Honorary Librarian, November 1, 1886. iNS'l'rni'i'ioN ()!■' (;oijj';(;k oI' imi vsiciank of I'Iiii-aiiku'Iiia. ]<'>U A joiii-ii;i,l ('lul) riii-y lo iii'i'lical jxiriodicaln, Tho W(!ir Mit(;ii(3ll IuimI ,sii|»])lics 14. Twenty-two journals, an«l the transactiojiH of 'JO societies are received in cxclian^re for the transactions of" tlie college. Many come; from otlier sources, ho that tho recent issues of about 200 America n ami foreign periodicals are constantly on the racks or tables. These records of medical thoughts, creeds, and facts, past and present, here gathered together, constitute a source of knowledge, long ago opened and enriched, from time to time, both by modest and generous gifts from philanthropic men according to their means. They afford opportunity to all who desire to avail themselves of it to help themselves to information. Their use is not restricted to the fellows of the college. Any respectable person may freely con- sult them under the rules. The utility of a library is measured by the numbers Avho resort to it. If it be true that " supply creates demand," the number of readers should increase proportionately to the number of books placed at their service. The library has a progressive rate of increase whicli is great. Unless abated or arrested, which does not now seem likely, need of room for its accommodation is sure to come. Foreseeing the ap- proach of that need, possibly afar off, provision to meet it might be prudently made now, by starting a building fund — a plant of slow growth at best — to be ready not alone far construction, but also to extend the site for building whenever opportunity may offer. The entrance fees, and balances of every description annually appropri- ated to it, under an economical administration of the affairs of the college in every department, might accumulate a very respectable fund by the time it will be wanted — ten or fifteen years hence. DIRECTORY FOR NURSES. Feb. 1, 18S2. On motion of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell a committee w'as appointed to inquire whether the college shall assume the duty of establishincj a resristration for nurses. 170 RUSCHENBER6ER, The committee instructed to organize a Directory for Nurses^ reported, March 1, that more than a thousand dollars had been subscribed to secure the object by Mrs. E. W. Biddle, Mrs. " T. W. Biddle, " " Clarence Clarke, " " Coles, " " A. F. Franciscus, " " G. L. Harrison, " " Harry Hart, " " Lippincott, " " Thos. McKean, " Mitchell, Mr. A. Biddle, Mr. " G. W. Childs, " " D. B. Cummings, " " A. J. Drexel, " " VV. Keid Fisher, " Powers, W. H. Kawle, Rhoads, T. A. Scott, G. Roberts Smith, W. P. Tatham, Tobias Wagner, J. Lowber Welsh, C. Wister. A. Haller Gross, H. C. Lea, J. S. ISTewbold, Wm. Rawle, Howard Roberts, Miss Bohlen, " Fox, " Mary R. Fox, " Meredith, " Paul, " Mary Paul, " Pendleton, " C. M. Rush, " Mary Rush. Mr. C. Piatt, Dr. C. B. Cadwalader, " J. H. Hutchinson, " Samuel Lewis, " J. F. Meigs. Arrangements were completed and the office opened for business, May 15. Miss Emily Thomas was elected Secretary Feb. 7, 1883. The Directory for Nurses is under the direct control of a com- mittee of three fellows of the college, annually elected, assisted by four ladies appointed by the committee. The ladies first appointed assistants were Mrs. M. Fulton, Mrs. Theodore Justice, Mrs. S. Weir Mitchell, and Miss S. Stevenson. Mrs. Moncure Robinson was appointed, March 3, 1885, in place of Mrs. Fulton, resigned. No other change has been made in the com- mittee first selected. For a moderate fee, skilled nurses, both male and female, are quickly furnished on personal application ; also, by telegraph from distant points, or by telephone in urgent cases. The office is open at all hours. About 500 names are on the register of nurses in the directory. Of these 86 are male, and 175 are graduates of training schools. During the year 1886, 1155 applicants were supplied with nurses. The income of the directory exceeds its expenses. The surplus is annually appropriated to the use of the library. 1 W. W. Keen, Albert H. Smith, S. Weir Mitchell. INSTITUTION 01' COl.LKO M OK IMIYSICIANS OT I'll! F.A l)KM'll I A. 171 KNTKKTAINMUNT FUND. Nov. 7, 1877. On motion of Dr. S. Weir Mitclioll, .socondod by Dr. S. D. (Jross, the council was recjuested to con.Hider whether it is advisable th:it the Pre.sid(!nt .sliould give, at the expense of" the ad- legc, a reception in the hull once each year. The council reported, Jan. 2, 1878, that the state of the treasury alone rendered tlie prop- ositioTi inexpedient. Feb. 7, 1888. l^r. S. Weir Mitchell presented five thousand dollars to establish an Entertainment Fund. The first fruit of this generous gift was a reception given, Sept. 8, 1884, by the college to the medical members of the American and British Associations for the Advancement of Science, as.sembled together in Philadelphia at that time. A dinner was given, with the aid of the fund, April 14, 1886, at which the L0ViN(4-rup presented to the college by some ladies, at a suggestion of Dr. Mitchell, was introduced and used for the first time.^ CELEBRATION OF THE CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY. In accordance with the plan devised by a committee, appointed for the purpose Nov. 5, 1885,^ the president of the college, S. Weir Mitchell, M.D., LL.D., delivered a " Commemorative Address," Monday, January 3, 1887, at 7.30 p. m. in Association Hall (S. E. corner of Chestnut and Fifteenth Streets), in presence of the fellows of the college and many distinguished guests. After the address, at nine o'clock, there was a general reception in the hall of the College of Physicians. 1 Sir Matthew Hale said, the pledge of any healih is one of the greatest arti- fices of driiikine: and leads to quarrelling in the kingdom. * Committee on Centennial Anniversary, Nov. 5, 1884. Alfred Stilly, I. Minis Hays, S. Weir Mitchell, S. W. Gross, and J. Ewing Mears. Ditferent days were proposed for the celebration. Some suggested September, some April, and others fixed upon Januarj- 2, 1887, because, according to precise reckoning of time, that is the hundredth anniversary of the first meeting of the society which is recorded. The college decided, Sept. 1, 1886, by a vote of 59 to 41, that January 2d was the appropriate date of the centennial anniveirsary. 172 RUSCHENBERGER, A special meeting of the college was held at noon Tuesday, Jan. 4, 1887. Professor Alfred Stille, M.D., LL.D., delivered an address, " Eeminiscences of the College." Eleven recently elected associate fellows were individually intro- duced. The president, appropriately addressing each in turn, deliv- ered to him a diploma of his associate fellowship. Then, Professor J. M. Da Costa, M.D., LL.D., welcomed them all to the college roll in an address. As soon as the meeting adjourned those present were entertained at luncheon in the department from which the Mutter Museum had been very recently removed. At seven o'clock in the evening a hundred and twenty fellows, associates and guests of the college assembled in a hall of the Union League (Broad and Sansom Streets) and dined. There were toasts, the loving cup was circulated, and speeches were made. The com- pany separated at midnight. From ten o'clock A. M. till five o'clock p. m. on Wednesday and Thursday, Jan. 5th and 6th, a collection of portraits of eminent physicians and objects of professional interest, borrowed for the occasion, were exhibited in the hall of the college to hundreds of visitors. The demonstrations of satisfaction, and the interchange of cheering words about them, among the fellows and their friends, because the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, still of good repute, had attained the age of a hundred years, closed with this display. Atten- tion of the local public had been attracted. The institution was published more widely than it had been. The centennial celebra- tion, which in no sense affected the intrinsic worth of the college, simply made its existence more broadly known in the community, and in some degree spread knowledge of its value as an agency in fostering the cultivation of medical science in many ways — an object of much general importance, which is not justly appreciated, nor encouraged as it deserves to be outside of the profession. In comparing the past with the present, the fellows of the col- lege at this time may find reason to be boastful, if sedate men may INSTITUTION OK (;oi,l-K(J K Ol' I'l I VSKM ANS OF I'M I l-AI>i;i,l'in ,\. IT'} ever IxkisI, nt :i,ll. Scvcriil fiiiciiiitonincous mcdiciil HOcicticH in the cil.y, ii.ltly (;<)ii(lii<'lc(|, iricd for yciir.s tf) .secure permanency, ouch li()j)iri^ ill! IJk; wliil(! to own ii li;ill iind in it a library an the last in the practice! of |)hy,siclv and Hurgery. IJut tliey are ni> more— JOt lieu I Ilinc ill.'o hichryniic, Mors fuit ut .semper inexorabihH. Et Tompus rpiod ouinia devorat, homines qu;c bonos medicosque humi prostcmit. And there may they rest in peace till old time itself shall expire, and that scene com- mences when tlu'HC mortals shall put on immortality. The other circumHtances I have to rennet is the loss of that spirit of business, and tliat activity and vigor of body and mind, with their several faculties (such as they were), which I was once possessed of Whence I fear 1 may not be able to comport njyself so fully up to the dignity of the station j'ou have placed me in, and the credit of the institution as may yield the complete satisfaction to you or myself could wish. These considerations occasioned some hesitation in my own mind at first in accepting it, at least no small apprehensions in myself, as feeling the weight rather oppressive, and overcome by the height of the prospect to which my imagination fondly raises the institution in dignity and utility if rightly conducted ; and to which our united wi.sdom, prudence and steady perseverence, will be found competent, even though my declining powers should not be equal to the part allotted me. But as I can be sure of the most candid construction of my actions and most benevolent excuse of my defects, which they will bear, with such friends with whom I have been long connected, and always transacted business to our mutual satisfaction and advantage. And I am confident of all needful aid from every member, not only on duty as such, but considered as medical gentlemen, whose pecu- liar characteristics is to succor those who labor under infirmities and diseases; and if you live long enough you will all be convinced by experience (as I am already) that old age, even in its commencement, partakes more or less of them both ; and as I am jieculiarly happy, in not only the future expecta- tion, but present enjoyment of all possible assistance from those of you whom I have the honor to call my professional children, and the happiness to esteem and be esteemed and respected by them as such on all occasions ; I have, therefore, ventured to accept the honor you have conferred on me, and to undertake the trust you have reposed in me with a good will ; nor, indeed, could T have refused them without acting contrary to that kind of gratitude which both the laws of generosity and morality re( [uire of us ; and although I do it with some fears, j-et also with a resolution to exert in the best manner I can all the powers I have still remaining, to which I hope your generosity will add new vigor and strength to promote the credit and usefulness of our well intended institution ; reserving to myself the liberty and determination, that 1 Dr. Thomas Bond, an original member of the American Philosophical Society, and one of the Vice-Presidents, from 1770 until he died, March 26, 1784, aged 72 years. 182 APPENDIX. if I find myself oppressed with the weight, or my infirmities increase so as not to be able to conduct in my station with constant attention or full pro- priety, to be the first to request and insist upon my resignation of it to those whose vigor and activity of mind and body may render them more competent and proper for your election ; in which I shall heartily join, and in everything as a private member, as long and as far as my age and powers will carry me, that tends to the welfare of the society, and its useful influence for the good of our fellow mortals. This leads me to conclude and declare that though you have been pleased to honor me so far as to place me at the head of your body, and thus to make me in a collective sense your superior, yet I shall ever count it my best honor, and feel it one of my greatest pleasures to be the devoted servant of the institution, and, gentlemen, your respectful humble servant, J. R. Respected Brethren : After I had writ the preceding address my mind took a more serious turn, which I willingly indulged, as the current of my thoughts related to the most substantial good of the institution, and in a cer- tain degree evidenced the earnestness of my desires to promote it. Under that view, craving your indulgence a few minutes longer, I will venture to read them as they were hastily written, exactly according to their rise, pro- gress, and termination in my own mind, and though the manner in which they are expressed may not bear every kind of criticism, yet I trust the matter of them is such as will give offense to none, but be approved by you all ; especially as the principles and grounds of them are the words of one of the wisest of men — I mean King Solomon in his 3d chapter of Proverbs — "Trust in the Lord with all thine heart, and leave not to thy own understanding ; in all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths ;" the antiquity of which words I hope will be no objection to them, with medical gentlemen who acknowledge that some of their oldest authors are equal if not superior to many of the moderns. Be that as it may, they led me to consider that in one place of the Scriptures of truth it is declared (and beheved by all who count them authentic, and have made them the subject of their rational attention and serious meditation), that by the Grod of Heaven kings reign and princes decree justice ; and elsewhere, that except the Lord build the house they labor in vain that build it, except the Lord keep the city the watchman watcheth but in vain. Taking these for granted, which I do most heartily, I am convinced that it highly becomes rational men in all their lawful enterprises and undertakings of importance, especially those which require wisdom and judgement, prudence and perseverence, effectually to accomplish them, to acknowledge Grod to be their sovereign Ruler and the Over Ruler of all events, in wisdom, justice, goodness and truth ; and also to acknowledge their obligations to him for every good they have or do enjoy, as well as their dependence upon him for any good they still hope for, or expect in the prosecution of affairs public or private, and for his protection. APPENDIX. 183 (liroctioi) ;ui(] ,siir(;(iHs f,ln'n;iii, hipI iiccunliii^rly to invoke IiIh aid, arifl implore liiw ))l(!s,siii;i; tlioroori. IIcmk-c it i.s tli;it, I fcol it, botli my duty atul iridination, HH youroldfist, iiKimhor, ami (iHi»(!(;iiilly iiHyour proHidoiit, ami as very bwoming to UH a(. (li(! (JomiiKiiicoiiKMit. of tliis oiii' lii.stitulion in your name and on your bchair, to acknowlodgc tlic Supreme Being to be our Sovereign, Lord, and Ruler, and also our obligations to him for every mercy and blessing we have been the subjcotH of, and cHpccially for giving us capacities for such an under- taking, and influencing our wills to engage in so good a design at this time. In the same manner T do also aeknowlege our deprmdencc upon him for protection, direction, blessings, and success; and furthermore 1 do, also in your name and behalf, invoke his aid and implore him to grant unto us in this and all our lawful enterprises, all that wisdom, prudence, discretion, and judgement, which arc necessary to conduct it in a proper manner, to good effect and useful inuposcs ; and also that grace which may enable us to act herein from right principles, with just motives, to good ends, and according to the best rules and regulations, so that in this and all our works and ways, we may glorify Crod, and do good in our days ; and finally that after we have publicly or privately served our generation Hiithfully according to the will of God, we may be fitted for and admitted into his Kingdom and glor>', through Jesus Christ, our Lord and Saviour. ME>rORIAL ON TEMPERANCE, 1787. To the Honorable, the Legislature of the State of Pennsylvania : The Memorial of the College of Phj'sicians of the City of Philadel|jhia, respectfully sheweth,' That your memorialists have seen, with great concern, the numerous evils which have followed the intemperate use of distilled spirituous liquors in the State of Pennsylvania. They decline taking notice of the baneful effects of these liquors on property and morals, and beg leave to confine their memorial to their influence upon the health and lives of their fellow citizens, and the population of their country. That among the numerous diseases which are produced by the nse of dis- tilled spirituous liquors, the.v would only mention, the Dropsy, Epilepsy, Palsy, Apoplexy, Melancholy and Gladness ; which too seldom yield to the powers of medicine. That where distilled spirituous liquors do not produce these terrible and obstinate diseases they generally impair the strength of the body so as to lessen its ability to undergo that labour, either in degree or duration, which it is capable of without them. That the prevailing ideas of ^ Adopted at a stated meeting Xov. <>, 1787, presented bv Drs. Jones, Rush, and Griffitts, the Committee appointed Sept. 4, 1787. 18-4 APrENDIX. the necessity and advantages of using distilled spirituous liquors to obviate the injuriouseifects of extreme heat or cold upon the human body are alto- gether without foundation, and that they increase the evils they are taken to remove. That the inconvenience arising from excessive labor, heat, or cold, is to be removed with much more safety and certainty by the use of Cider or malt liquors. Your memorialists therefore pray that your Honorable House would take the facts herein stated into their serious consideration, and as Guardians of the health and lives, no less than of the liberties and morals of their constituents, that they would enact such a law, for the checking the improper use of distilled spirituous liquors as to their wisdom and humanity may seem proper. Signed by the President and attested by the Secr'y, presented with a re- quest that it may be inserted in the journals of the House. LINES OCCASIONED BY THE DECEASE OP DR. GERARDUS CLARKSON, OP THIS CITY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1790.^ Farewell, my friend, it seems we meet no more, Amid the perils of this hostile shore ; These eyes no more thy form rever'd shall see, 'Nor more thy friendly councils visit me, Amid the gloom of sickness or of woe, No further solace shall thy cares bestow. Nor 'mid the mazes of this checquered scene. Thy wisdom aid me, or thy bosom serene ! Grone are the days of friendship so sincere, Tho' once they sooth' d me, they now urge the tear, As flowers of spring— so lovely once to view, But now turned painful, what regrets pursue ; With unavailing grief, I seek thy urn. And look for pleasures that are past return ! Thine now are joys beyond what thought can paint, Such as the just console, and bless the saint, Crown' d with rich fruits beneath autumnal skies, The master saw thee, and bestowed the prize ; He spared thee winter's desolating sway, And took to regions of perpetual 3Iay ! 1 Poems on several occasions. By John Swanwick Esq., one of the repre- sentatives in the Congress of the United States from the State of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1797. APPENDIX. 185 There rest iti peucc - I lif S;iliti;illi ol'tlir lomh Vi)r lli(!0 prepares :iii (!V<;rl;isliii^' hlooiii ; Lot not thy Criciid ihcMi CoDli^hly ro|)iiie As pleasures lost to liini, ho well exchanged for thine I MNKS SACUKI) 'Id TlIK MI'MDliV oF Id!. IIKMiV .STIIil-.H. What bcckuiiiii,!,^ ^lio.st beside yon ancient towers, Invites to tread the melancholy isle, Where awful death has deck'd her lonely bowers, And sits in triuiu|)h o'er the dreary pile. Is it some statesman weary of the load, Which mad ambition on her sons bestows. That calls to view that desolate abode, Where ends at last his labours and his woes? Is it some miser, whose usurious soul Could not enjoy what fortune chanc'd to give, That now in others would the sense controul. That took from him — the faculty to live? Ah no — 'tis Stuber, whose enlightened face, Dispell'd the mists of error where it shone : He still, in death, instructs the rising race. And bids them gather knowledge at his stone. Teaches by early industry to save. The fleeting moments of all precious time, If tears of friendship wishing at their grave. They pant like him, for laurels in their prime. Teaches, like him, with early zeal to tread The paths of honor, learning and renown. If like himself beloved — and mouru'd when dead. They'd wish in youth an everlasting crown. Jouy SwANWicK. Esq. 186 APPENDIX. MEMORI4L ON TEMPERANCE, ADDRESSED TO THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, DECEJIBER, 1790. To ihe Senate and House of Representatives of the United States in Congress asseynhled. The Memorial of the College of Physicians of the City of Philadelphia respectfully shoiveth :^ That they have seen with great pleasure the operation of the National Government, vphich has estabUshed order in the United States. They rejoice to find, amongst the powers which belong to this government, that of restraining, by certain duties, the consumption of distilled spirits in our country. It belongs more peculiarly to men of other professions to enumerate the pernicious effects of these liquors on morals and manners. Your memorialists will only remark that a great proportion of the most obsti- nate, painful, and mortal disorders which affect the human body are pro- duced by distilled spirits — that they are not only destructive to health and life, but that they impair the faculties of the mind, and thereby tend equally to dishonor our character as a nation, and to degrade our species as intelligent beings. Your memorialists have no doubt that the rumor of a plague or any other pestilential disorder, which might sweep away thousands of their fellow- citizens, would produce the most vigorous and eifectual measures in our government to prevent or subdue it. Your memorialists can see no just cause why the more certain and exten- sive ravages of distilled spirits upon human life should not be guarded against with corresponding vigilance and exertions by the present rulers of the United States. Your memorialists beg leave to add further that the hahitual use of dis- tilled spirits, in any case whatever, is wholly unnecessarj' — that they neither fortify the body against the morbid effects of heat or cold, nor render labor more easy, nor more productive — and that there are many articles of diet and drink, which are not only safe and perfectly salutary, but preferable to distilled spirits for each of the above-mentioned purposes. Your memorialists have beheld with regret the feeble influence of reason and religion, in restraining the evils they have enumerated. They centre their hopes, therefore, of an efiicient remedy for them in the wisdom and power of the Legislature of the United States; and in behalf of the interests of humanity, to which their profession is closely allied, they thus. publicly entreat the Congress, by their obligations, to protect the lives of their constituents, and by their regard to the character of our nation, and to the rank of our species in the scale of beings, to impose such heavy duties upon all distilled spirits as shall be effectual to restrain their intemperate use in our country. ^ Adopted December 27, 1790. ai'I'i:m)I.\. 187 'niK ADDUKSS Ol-' 'I'llK I'l! KSI |»KNT, KM. .JOHN UKK.MAN, TIIANKI.N«f TIIK COI.I.KCK I'ult HIS KKKLKCTION, AIJUUHT 2, 17'.»1.' Gkntlkmkn : Having by iiidisrio.silioii of body been prcvenfccj from join- ing you at your last meeting and annual election, when 3'ou honored me with your sufTrapeH, and reelected me to the Presidency of the College, I now take the first opportunity of returning you my hearty thankH for this renewed iristan(!e of your r(!Hp(!(',t, the continuaticcofvvliif;!!, iiolwidiHtanding my infirm- ities, so evidently increasing with my years, leads me to add, that such kind indulgence toward an aged brother, arising chiefly from the benevolence of your own minds, demands my particular acknowledgements, and under that view gratitude obliges my acceptance of the office again at this time, which, otherwise in regard to myself, I should have wished to decline. For, to be candid and tell you the truth, I sIkjuM not have been easy under the sense I had of my growing infirmities of body and mind for some time past, to have continued to accept the honor you have so repeatedly conferred upon me, but from the consideration that you always joined a colleague with me as Vice-President, whose eminence and reputation in our profession, and whose clearness of judgment, vigor of faculties, and easy manner of conveying his sentiments, together with his friendly disposition to aid me, fully obviated and prevented any ill effects, naturally to be expected from declining age, and rendered my situation more pleasant than otherwise it might have been. But though much and justly respected by us and all connected with him in kindred, friendship, or business, he was mortal, and he has gone — no more to return, to aid by his talents, or gratify us by his presence at our meetings, or cheer us by his affability, agreeable converse, and polite manners. And therefore (though somewhat late, and almost unseasonable), I mu.st indulge myself in sympathising with you, and regretting the real loss which the republic of medicine in general, and our collegiate society in particular, have sustained thereby. Much did I expect, from his-being several j'ears younger than mj'self, and so well and justly esteemed by you, that he would be my next successor ; and from a settled resolution, soon to request my dismission (if not otherwise removed), I sometimes flattered myself with having the pleasure to see him raised to your presidential chair — to which I should most heartily have concurred, as well on account of his own merit and qualifica- tions, as because it would have been highly gratifying to me to be a living witness of our college being headed bj' one whose eminence in more than one of the material branches of medical science, and reputation among our citizens in general was still very flourishing, and whose connections with and estimation in which he was held by the higher orders and ranks of them, was so conspicuous and intimate, as might contribute to the greater external dignity of the institution, and render its influence more powerful and effectual 1 The college requested him to accept its thanks for his address, and directed that it be preserved on the minutes. 188 APPENDIX. on any particular occasion of public utility, wherein it might be thought requisite, or be called to exert it. But that I may not detain you longer on a subject now hopeless, with respect to him, I shall conclude it only with one observation or reflection, which, though partaking of the same gloomy complexion with the circum- stance which occasions it, yet may be useful in application, and I doubt not may have occurred to many of you, as well as myself, that though our loss in members since the commencement of our institution may not have exceeded the usual proportion, yet I think it a little remarkable that the lot has hitherto only fallen on our oflicers (except one who had previously resigned his membership), though no certain, or even plausible inference can be drawn from it, respecting those in that capacity more than others, still I thought it a remark worth noticing, as it may be of use to them, as well as all, if duly and seasonably attended to and improved ; and to none is appli- cation more proper than to him who makes it, and is the oldest among you. And now, gentlemen, as it doth not become us to murmur at, and much less to arraign, any of the dispensations of that Providence, which we believe is ever conducted in its arrangements by infinite wisdom and goodness, and always for the best on the whole, or be so absorbed in regretting our losses, as not to remember and thankfully improve the blessings we still enjoy — leaving the mournful scene we have just been contemplating . I now feel myself equally incited by duty and inclination to congratulate you on the judicious and prudent measure you have taken to fill up the vacancy which the death of our late worthy Vice-President had made, by electing to the ofl&ce a gentleman so properly qualified for it ; who being born and educated among us, and after considerable expense of time and fortune had completed his studies abroad, was one of the first of those whose liberal minds and patriotic regards for their native country, led them to concert the plan for a complete medical instruction among ourselves ; and was the very first who stepped forth with manly firmness and becoming confidence in the utility and dignity of the plan, in the execution of it — and whose steady perseverence and judicious prosecution of the particular and important branch he first engaged in, in conjunction with those who followed him, and his example, in the several departments which, by mutual agreement, they undertook, have not only accomplished their design completely, but in such a manner as doth them much credit, and gained them great approbation and applause, both at home and abroad, and to the great emoluments of our country and the students of medicine, who may now, under their tuition, be as regularly instructed in medical science, and as fully and honorably qualified for practice, as in any of those foreign seminaries which are much older, many instances of which have been exhibited much to the honor of the professors of our medical school. All which considerations pointed him out as the proper object of our choice on the late occasion. And, therefore, as I had not the pleasure to be present and join my suffrage, I now think myself bound to express my AIMMINDIX. 189 hourly (;o(iciin(!iic(!, ;uii| sinccroly (;()ii<(r;ituliit(', you, Sir, on your ohictiori to the Vicc-]*rcsidcncy of the first (Jollcge of J'hy.sicianH in America, and thus receivinf^ in tlio inidfinic of life, ami wliilf; your faculties arc Htill vigorous and aniniated, this further reward of your merit and labors for the public good; as well as on tliatofyour laic eleelion into another institution founded on the i)riiiei|»leH of humanity and ehiirity for the pious purpose of affording relief to the indif!;ent sick and deranged; where you will have the heart- affecting opportunity of exercising the virtues of the man, the physician, and Christian, and thereby insure and enhance the comforts of your declining years. Nor can I omit congratulating myself on the well-grounded hope I enter- tain of receiving from the abilities of our new Vice-President (and from the goodwill and politeness I have alwaj's experience when conjoined with him on other occasions), that aid and supjjort in my office which my advanced age, and debilitated powers and defective senses make requisite ; and which may render my situation the more easy and pleasant while I remain in it, which cannot now be long, as I am persuaded I must soon recede either from prudential choice, or from necessity of another kind, needless here to mention: but which puts me in mind to conclude with declaring (as possibly this may be the last opportunity 1 may have of so doing on such an occasion), my hearty goodwill to and wishes for the prosperity and success of the Col- lege of Physicians in everything that may render it honorable and useful to our native country, now risen into empire, and rising in fame, and to the relief and solace of our suffering fellow mortals, and also for the peace and happiness of each of you its members in j-our several stations and relations, civil and social, both here and hereafter. MEMORABLE DATES tN THE HISTORY (>F THK COLLEGE. Institution of the College . . ... . Jan, 2, 1787. Institution of the library March 3, 1788. Incorporation of the College .... March 26, 1789. Institution of the pathological museum . . June 5, 1849. Institution of the building fund .... Nov. 2, 1849. Institution of the jM litter Museum . . . Dec. 11, 1858. Institution of the second building fund . . April 7, 187.5. BUILDING FUND. 1849. After it had been determined to continue the building-fund trust. Drs. Francis West, T. Hewson Bache, Edward Hartshorne, S. Weir Mitchell, Wm. Byrd Page, James J. Levick, and Eobert P. Thomas were appointed March 2, 1859, " to solicit from the fellows additional contributions to the building fund of the college." They were authorized. April 6, 1859, "to 190 APPENDIX. solicit contiibutions from the citizens generally as well as from the fellows of the college ;'' but so many of the elders disapproved of the method that it was abandoned. This committee reported, Dec. 5, 1860, that it had procured subscriptions amountiug to $46C.5, of which $2700 had been paid; and, on its request, was discharged. From the minutes of proceedings of the committee on collections, ap- pointed Dec. 4, 1849 (seepage 154), and the final report of the above-named committee, the following list of payments to the fund, up to Dec. 1860, has been compiled. It includes the original contributors. CONTRIBUTORS TO THE FUND To erect a hall for the accommodation of the College of Physicians of Fhiladeljjhia, paid prior to Dec. 5, 1860, $10,635. George B. Wood George Fox Hugh L. Hodge Charles D. Meigs George W. Norris John Rodman Paul Franklin Bache J. Wilson Moore Edward Peace Caspar Morris . William Pepper Moreton Stille William Ashmead Henry Bond . J. H. Bradford Henry E. Drayton K. M. Huston . Samuel Jackson Samuel Lewis . J. Pancoast C. W. Pennock Alfred Stille . Joseph Warrington Caspar Wister Charles Evans Isaac Hays John Bell D. Francis Condie Joseph Carson E. Dunglison . ^4000 G. Emerson . 500 S. D. Gross 500 Benjamin S. Janney 500 J. Forsyth Meigs 500 Wra. Byrd Page 500 Isaac Parrish . 800 Lewis Rodman 250 H. H. Smith . 250 M. C. Shallcross 200 H, Tiedeman . 200 Francis West . 200 L. P. Gebhard 100 Theophilus Beasley 100 J. H. B. McClellan 100 W. H. Klapp . 100 Squire Littell . 100 Wm. Mayburry 100 Washington L. Atl 100 Robert Bridges 100 T. Hewson Bache 100 Thomas Dillard 100 W. W. Gerhard 100 W. R. Grant . 100 Ed. Hartsborne 75 R. A. F. Penrose 75 John J. Reese . 50 Alexander Wilcocks 50 Wra. H. Hooper 50 Anthony E. Stocker 50 Wm. R. Bullock 50 60 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 40 25 25 25 25 25 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 15 15 10 APPENDIX. i:ti 15. 11. Colli ('H . !M0 .John U. I'Mrkurrl . $ r, Jolin D. (ii'i.s(!()in 10 CilJZr.HH — Samnol L. Ilolliiif^.sworlh 10 IJlunchard & Lea .",00 Williiiin Hunt 10 .1. I>. Iji[i|iiricott A: Co. 2W William V. Kciilirif:; 10 C. II. FiHhcr . 100 D. Paul Lajus 10 John J. Kramor HK) Gotthilf Mnohring . 10 Blair & Wyeth IW "W. S. W. Riischenl)er<;(!r 10 Isaac Lea 100 A. M. Slocum . 10 Lind.say ic FJlaki.ston 100 Francis G. Smith 10 George Ord .00 li. II. Town.send . 10 Henry Seybert .00 Robert V. Thomas . 10 Ilobert P. De Silver 2.') J. 15. Biddlc . 6 Williatn llembell . 20 At ;i niccting of the college, April 4, isiio, Dr. Geo. B. Wood stated in substance that this would probably be the last opportunity he would have before going to Europe to express the .strong interest he felt in the concerns of the college — that at the time when it would be necessary to begin the work in order to complete the edifice at the period stipulated to secure the Mutter endowment, the fund, exclusive of unpaid subscriptions, would be about $l(),Ol)0, or $9000 less than the estimated cost of the building — that if the college would raise the amount needed to make the $2.i,o0o, he himself would contribute the $.">000 additional which would probably be necessary to finish and furnish satisflictorily the proposed hall — that he wished the college to consider him formally pledged to pay this sum after his return from abroad, on the conditions mentioned. He stated also that " he had taken measures to secure the sum of $.")000 to the college, should any contingency occur by which his return " would be prevented. OFFICERS OF THE COLLEOE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA, FROM 1786 TILL JANUARY, 1887. Presidents — 12. E lected. John Redman, Oct. 1786 William Shippen, July 2 1805 Adam Kuhn, Sept. 6, 1808 Thomas Parke, July 1, 1818 Thomas C. James,* Mar. 3, 1835 Thomas T. Hewson, July T, 1835 George B. Wood, Mar. 7, 1848 W.S.W.PvUschenberger,fMay 7, 1879 Alfred Stills, Jan. 3, 1883 Samuel Lewis, + Jan. 2, 1884 J. M. Da Costa, May 7. 1884 S. Weir Mitchell, Jan. 6, 1886 * Died July 5, 1835. f " It was enacted July 2, 1879, that no fellow shall be eligible to the office of president more than five years in succession." An amendment of 1882 limits the tenure of the presidency to three years. X Kesigned on account of impaired health May, 1884. Vice-Presidents — 20. John Jones, William Shippen, Jr., Adam Kuhn, Samuel Duffield,* Thomas Parke, Samuel P. Griffitts, Thomas C. James, Thomas T. Hewson, Joseph Parrish, John C. Otto, * Declined reelection July .3, 1813. Elected. Elected, Oct. 1786 Henry Neill, July 2, 1844 July, 1791 George B. Wood, Nov. 3, 1845 July 2, 1805 Charles D. Meigs, f July 4, 1848 Sept. 6, 1808 Franklin Bache, Jan. 3, 1855 Aug. 13,1813 George W. Norris, June ], 1864 July 7, 1818 W.S.W.Euschenberi -er,May 6, 1875 July 25, 1826 Alfred Stills, June 4, 1879 April 7, 1835 J. M. Da Costa, Jan. 3, 1883 July 7, 1835 S. Weir Mitchell, June 4, 1884 July 7, 1840 John H. Packard, Jan. 6, 1886 f Declined reelection June, 1855. APPENDIX, I 'X'> Cenhorh— 31, Jolin Morf!;an, Williiun Sliippcii, Jr., Adiiin Kului, JJ(Wij;uuiii Rush, Siuriuel Dullicl.l, John Mor^^^iin, Thomas Parke, James ITutchiiison, Caspar Wistar, Samuel DuOicld, Samuel P. Griflitts, William Curric, Thomas T. llewson, PlunketF.Glentworth, Henry Neill, Edwin A. Atlee, Joseph Parrish, John C. Otto, Censors, Jan. 5, and Samuel Lewis. IVoclod. ()(;t. 178(i .Iiily 1,17S8 .hily 7, 1789 Nov. 1(), 1789 July 5, 1791 Dfc. 3,1793 July 2, 1805 Sept. 6, 1808 Aug. 13, 1813 July 7, 1818 July 6, 1819 July 2, 1822 July 3, 1823 (Jcorgf! F'. Wood, (y'liarloH I). McigH, ,]. Wilrton Moore, Henry Bond, Hamuel Jackson,* George W. Norris, R. La Roche, Isaac Hays, Joseph Carson, W.S.W.Iluschenberger Lewis Rodman, Edward llartshorne, Alfred Stille, William Goodell, Samuel Lewis, Alfred Still6, Samuel Lewis, 1887 : Lewis Rodman, William Goodell, "* Of Northumberland. May 5, I83r, July 7, 183.0 July 7, 1840 July 2, 1844 Dec. 2, 1845 July 4, 1848 Jan. 6, 1858 Jan. 11 4, 18G0 (1 II II Jan. 2, 1861 July 0, 18G4 Jan. i< 1877 Jan. 1880 Jan. 1884 Jan. 6, 1886 Alfred Still6, Secretaries — 18. James Hutchinson, Samuel P. Griffitts,* Thomas C. James, Thomas T. Hewson, Joseph Parrish, J. Wilson Moore, Samuel Emlen, Charles D. Meigs, Henry Bond,t * Declined reelection. J Declined July, 1854. II Resigned Sept. 21, 1854. Elected. Oct. 1786 July 1, 1788 July 5, 1796 July 6, 1802 July 7, 1812 July 6, 1819 July 4, 1820 April 29, 182S Aug. 27, 1833 Elected. D. Francis Condie,t Feb. 7, 1843 Francis West,? July 4, 1854 W.S.W.Ruschenberger,||Jiily 19, 1854 Alfred Stills, Oct. 4, 1854 Edward Hartshorne, Jan. 6, 1858 John H. Packard, Jan. 1, 1862 Wm. G. Porter, Jan. 3, 1877 Richard A. Cleemann.'^Jan. 1, 1879 Isaac Xorris, Jr., May 6, 1885 t Kesigned Jan. 3, 1843. § Declined to accept. ^ Resigned May, 1885. 13 194 APPENDIX. Gerardus Clarksou, Samuel Duffield, Benjamin Say, Treasurers — 7. Elected. Oct. 178G Oct. 5, 1790 J. Wilson Moore,* J. Rodman Paul, Elected. July 25, 1825 July 2, 1839 Apr. 1, 1791 Charles Stewart Wurts, Nov. 21, 1877 Thomas C. James, July 4, 1809 * Declined reelection July 17, 1838. John Bell was elected Oct. 2, 1838, but refusing the oflSce, Dr. Moore was reelected Elected. Jan. 4, 1865 Jan. 1, 1868 Librarians— 8. Elected. Nicholas B. Waters,* Mar. 6, 1792 J. H. Slack, Michael Leib, Nov. 6, 1792 Eobert Bridges,! T. Hewson Bache, Jan. 3, 1855 Frank Woodbury,! Mar. 3, 1881 C. S. Boker, Jan. 6, 1864 Charles F. Fisher,| July 1882 Honorary Librarian, James Hutchinson, Jan. 3, 1883. Assist, in the library. Miss Emily Thomas, Jan. 30, 1883. * Drs. Waters and Leib were volunteers. The library was in charge of the censors, till 1834. Then the standing committee on the library was created, the" chairman of which was regarded as librarian. The otBce was created in 1854, and the first librarian elected Jan. 3, 1855. t Kesigned March 1, 1881. J Kesigned July 5, 1882. § Mr. Charles F. Fisher was engaged temporarily, and continued to be As- sistant Librarian. COUKCILLORS — 25. Wilson Jewell, Jan. Francis W. Lewis, Squire Littell, Alfred Stille, • Ellerslie Wallace, Francis West, Caspar Morris, W.S.W.Euschenberger,Jan. James H. Hutchinson, Jan. John S. Parry, June William S. Forbes, Jan. H. Lenox Hodge, Mar. John H. Brinton, Jan. Elected. 6, 1864 Jan. 1, 1868 6, 1869 1, 1873 2, 1875 3, 1877 Charles W. Dulles, Nov. 7, 1877 Morris J. Lewis, Jan. 2, 1878 New appointments are made only when vacancies occur. Councillors, Jan. 1887, Charles W. Dulles, Arthur V. Meigs, Richard A. Cleemann, William Thomson, Morris J. Lewis,. James Tyson. James Tyson, Wharton Sinkler, Louis Starr, S. Weir Mitchell, S. W. Gross, J. C. Wilson, I. Minis Hays, Arthur V. Meigs, Rich'd A. Cleemann, William Thomson, Charles W. Dulles, Morris J. Lewis, Elected. Jan. 4, 1882 Jan. 3, 1883 1884 1885 1886 3, " . 5, 1887 APPENDIX. 196 Edward Rlioad.s, Frederick W. liowiw, IIkcokdkkh — 3. Klctttd. Jan, r>, 1870 .1. Ewing Mears, " .1, ISTI KlecUd. .Jan. 3, 1872 John Ncill, William Hunt, ClIKATOHS OVTUK MlHKI'M — 4. Elected. EltcUd. Oct. 2, 1849 John H. Packard, Jan. 2. 1861 Jan. 6,1858 Thomas G. Morton, Jan. 1,1862 Curators ok the Mutter MusEn.M — 4. Elected. Elected. Thomas Gr. Morton, June 3,1863 William Hunt, temp., Feb. 1874 T. Hewsoa Bache,* Jan. 3, 1866 Guy Hinsdale (act'g), Nov. 188.5 * Declined reelection Jan. 1884. Dr. Hinsdale was Curator Jan. 1887. Standing Committees— 26. Libi'ary Coynmittee. — 27. John Jones, Caspar Wistar, Samuel P. Griffitts, Thomas Parke, J. Wilson Moore, William S. Coxe, Simon A Wickes, Henry Bond, Squire Littell, Francis West, Benjamin H. Coates. J. Wilson jMoore, William Pepper, John J . Reese, Francis West, Jan. 1887. Library Committee consisted of I. Minis Hays. Samuel W. Gross, IMorris Longstreth, George C Harlan, and William Osier, with the Honorary Librarian ex officio. Elected. EltcUd. June 3, , 1788 Samuel Lewis, June 19, 1854 (( K S. Paul Lajus, Jan. 3, 1855 '' U Thos. F. Betton,t Jan. 4, 1860 Mar. 3, 1789 W. F. Atlee, Jan. 2, 1861 Oct. 7, 1834 Alfred Stills, Jan. 6, 1864 (1 u Robert Bridges,? June 6, 1866 1 ( ( ( John Ashhurst, Jr., 1 i. it Oct. 6, 1835 L Minis Hays, Jan. 1, 1873 Aug. 1, 1837 S. W. Gross, Jan. 3, 1883 June 6, 1843 Samuel Lewis, " (1 (( 11 Morris Longstreth, (1 11 June, 1844* S. Weir Mitchell, Jan. 7, 1885 June o 1846 George C. Harlan, Mar. 4, 1885 ( ( 11 William Osier, Jan. 6, 1SS6 June 1, 18471 * Second election. J Kesigned Oct. 1860. f Second election. § Number of committee increased to five. 196 APPENDIX. Andrew Ross,* Caspar "Wistar, Samuel P. Griffitts, Michael Leib, William Currie, John H. Gibbons, Benjamin Rush, WiUiam Shippen, Jr., D. Francis Condie, li^aac Parrish, John Bell, Samuel Jackson, Alfred Stille, Committee on . PHhlication—21 . Elected. EUcled May, 1793 Francis G. Smith, Nov. 1, 1854 " " Saml.L. HoUingsworth " 11 C( ( 1 R. P. Thomas, Nov. 7, 1860 11 11 Henry Hartshorne, Jan. 6, 1864 (1 ii W. F. Atlee, 1 1 11 11 " Samuel Lewis, June 1, 1864 " " J. M. Da Costa, Jan. 4, 1865 11 " John Ashhurst, Jr., Jan. 1, 1868 Nov. 2, 1841 James H. Hutchinson, " 1873 1 1 " I. Minis Hays, Jan. 4, 1882 " " Roberts Bartholow, Jan. 3, 1883 11 1846 Robert P. Harris, Jan. 2, 1884 Nov. 5, 1853 W.S.W.Kuschenberger, " " Jan. 1887. The Committee consisted of James H. Hutchinson, Robert P. Harris, Arthur V. Meigs, and the Recorder ex officio. * The first three were to prepare the " copy," the second three to superintend the publication, and Drs. Kush, Shippen, and Griffitts to write a preface, of the first volume of the Transactions. Committee on the Miisewm — 8. Elected. Oct. 2, 1849 William Hunt, " R. P. Thomas, " " William Gobrecht, Moreton Stills, Edward Hallowell, Isaac Parrish, Edward Hartshorne, Jan. 7, 1857 James Darrach, Elected. Jan. 7, 1857 11 11 Jan. 6, 1858 Jan. 2, 1861 Committee on the Mutter Museum — 5. Elected. Jan. 6. 1863 John H. Brinton, " " Morris Lougstreth, Elected. Nov. 7, 1878 Jan. 6, 1886 J. R. Paul, William Hunt S. Weir Mitchell, Jan. 1887. Committee consisted of William Hunt, John H. Brinton, and Morris Longstreth. Coinmittee on Lectures — 9. Elected. Jan. 6, 1864 George B. Wood, S. D. Gross, Joseph Leidy, George W. Norris, Franklin Bache, Jan. 1887. Drs. Leidy, Goodell, Norris. Packard, constituted the com mittee. D. Francis Condie, William Goodell, William F. Norris, John H. Packard, Elected. June 1, 1864 Jan. 4, 1871 May 5, 1875 July 2, 1879 F.ltcUd , Jan. I , 1H7.3 May r,, 1S7.0 Jan. 4, 1SS2 Jan. .'i, 1 HS.'i Jan. 2, 1H84 Jan. 7, 1885 APPENDIX. 197 Hall, ('ommitlec — 17. EUctcd. Tsaao TTayH, .fiily I, ISO.'', T. Ilcw.son Haclic, Kdwanl Ifarlsliorno, " " llohcrt I'. Flarris, J. K()(]nian l\uil, " " R. II. Alison, (Icor^c W. NorriH, " " William S. Forbes, (leoi-f^'o Fox, " " If. V. Fvans, Franklin iJaclic, " " J. Ewin;^ Mcars, Lewis Hodman, Jan. 0,1864 Morri.s J. Lewis, " " D. Francis Condic, " " William B. Hopkins, " Caspar Morris, " 4, 1S7J Jan. 1887. The committee consisted of Drs. Evans, Bache, Mears, M. J. Lewis, and Hopkins. Commitfee on Finance — 5. Appointed. Appointed. George Fo.k, Dec. 7, 1882 W.S.W.Ruschenberger.Jan. 3, 1883 Caspar Wister, " " John Ashluirst, Jr., Jan. 1886 Lewis Rodman, " - " William F. Norris, Feb. 1887 Jan. 1887. The Committee consisted of Drs. Ruschenberger, W^ister, and Ashhurst, with the President and Treasurer ex officio. Committee on the Directory for Nurses — 8. Appointed. Appointed. S. Weir Mitchell, Feb. 1,1882 Robt. P. Harris, Feb. 1,1882 W. W. Keen, " " Albert H. Smith, Mar. 1, 1882 Samuel Lewis, " " Wharton Sinkler, Jan. 2, 1884 John H. Brinton, " " J. C Wilson, Jan. 5, 1887 Jan. 1887. The Committee consisted of Drs. Keen, Sinkler, and Wilson. Committee on Entertainments — 9. Appointed. Appointed. Samuel W. Gross,* Jan. 2. 1884 J. Murray Chester. Jan. 1886 W. W. Keen, " " Louis Starr. Mar. 3, 1886 Richard J. Dunglison, " " John M. Keating, Jan. 1887 Rich'd A. Cleemann, " " J. Madison Taylor, J. Ewing Mears, 3Iar. 5, Jan. 1887. The committee consisted of Drs. Cleemann, Starr. Keating, and Taylor, with the President ex officio. * Resii^ned from the Committee March 5, 1884. 198 APPENDIX. Committee 07i Wiliiain F. Jetiks Prize — 3. Appointed. Appointed. Ellwood Wilson, Jan. 1886 Theopliilus Parvin, Jan. 1886 Robert P. Harris, Jan. 1887. The committee consisted of Drs. Wilson, Harris, and Parvin. Mrs. Helen C. Jenks, in order to found a memorial of her late husband, William F. Jenks, M.D., in November, 1885, confided to the custody of three trustees, Drs. James H. Hutchinson, James V. Ingham, and W. S. W. Euschenberger, and their successors, five thousand dollars to be invested, the income thereof to be used for the paj'ment of a Prize to be awarded, once in every three years from Jan. 1, 1886, to the author of the best dissertation upon obstetrics, or upon the diseases of women and children, by a committee to be appointed by the president of the College of Phj'sicians of Philadel- ])hia. For details, see Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., page xxxi. vol. 8, 1886. Standing Comjoitees from 1834 to 1851. Com,m,ittee on Public Hygiene. Oct. 7, 1834. John Bell, William Darrach, Ed. Y. Howell, Joseph Togno. Oct. 6, 1835. John Bell, Thomas T. Hewson, John C. Otto, Joseph Parrish. Aug. 2, 1836-39. John Bell, D. Francis Condie, Thos. T. Hewson, John C. Otto, Joseph Parrish. July 7, 1840. John Bell, until Jan. 6, 1851, when this and the six following committees were abolished : Committee on the Theory and Practice of Medicine. Oct. 1834, 85. Benj. H. Coates, Wm. W. Gerhard, John C. Otto, Caspar W. Pennock. In 1836, Thomas Stewardson was added to the committee. 1837. A. Bournonville, Squire Littell, J. Rodman Paul, John Revere, F. A. Vandj'ke were added, and in 1838 Robley Dunglison. 1839. A. Bournonville, James H. Bradford, W.D. Brinckle, B. H. Coates, Robley Dunglison, Wm. W. Grcrhard, Ed. Hallowell, Samuel Jackson (North- umberland), Squire Littell, C W. Pennock, Edward Peace, William Pepper, John Revere, Thomas Stewardson, Fred. Turnpenny, F. A. Vandyke, Rush Vandyke, Francis West. July, 1840. Benj. H. Coates. June, 1841. Samuel Jackson (Northumberland) till Jan. 6, 1851 (except- ing the year 1848, when B. H. Coates served. Committee on Surgery. Oct. 1835. William Ashmead, Reynell Coates, Joseph Hartshorne, who dechned in Nov., Joseph Pancoast, Thos. H. Ritchie, Joseph Togno. I APPENDIX. 199 J8.'i0, George Fox, Isaac HayH, Tliomas I). Miittcr were addod, and in Nov. Josopli Piiiicoa.st was ai)i)()iritod (Jliairniari, vice Ritchie, decoaHcd. Jri 1837, Isaac I'arriHli and .John T. SharplcsH; in ]>^'.W, W. S. VV. Kusdicnhcrger, and in ] H.'J'J, ThoH. 8. Kirkljiich;, (Jeorgo McClolIan, and .Jacoh J'andolph were added. JHK), .JoKcph I'ancoast. 184], 1848, (}. W. Norria. 1842-47-49 till .Jan., f)!, Isaac Parrish. CoinniWen on Midwifery. Oct. 1S34-35. Lewis P. Cebhard, ]i. M. JIuKton, Chas. D. Meig«, John Moore, John lluan. In LS.'iCi. .John Moore i.s omitted ; David Ruttcr was added in 1837, and in 1839 Tiicophilua E. Beesley, B. D. Neil), J. R. Paul, Joseph Warrington. July, 1840 and 41. Charles D. Meigs; 1842-43, Hugh L. Hodge. Aug. 1844-47. Joseph Warrington. June, 1848. John D. Griscora until Jan. 18.51. Coinmittee on the Diseases of Women. July, 1840 and 41. R. M. Huston; 1842 and 43, Joseph Warrington; 1844, Hugh L. Hodge. 1845, 4(i, 47. Henry Bond. 1848. Lewis Rodman till Jan. 1851. Coinmittee on the Diseases of Children: Oct. 1834 and 35. TheophilusE. Beesley, Hugh L. Hodge, Charles Lukens, Henry Neill ; 1836, J. Marshall Paul; 1837, Charles Noble; and 1838, J. R. Paul were added. 1839. Hugh L. Hodge, Charles Lukens, Henry Neill, Charles Noble. 1840. Henry Neill. 1841-47. D. Francis Condie ; 1848, Edward Hallowell. 1849. D. Francis Condie till Jan. 1851. Committee on Materia Medica and Pharmacy. Oct. ] 834-35. Franklin Bache, George Fox, John K. Mitchell, George B. Wood. 1836. George Fox was omitted. 1839, Joseph Carson was added. 1840-41. George B. Wood ; 1842, Franklin Bache ; 1843-45, Joseph Car- son ; 1846, Francis West ; 1848, Joseph Carson till Jan. 1851. Coinmittee on Meteorology and Epidemics. March 6, 1787. John Carson, William Clarkson, Saml. P. Griffitts, James Hall, John Morris. Jan. 4, 1790 till Nov. 1792, Nicholas B. Waters. Nov. 6, 1792. Thomas Parke. 200 APPENDIX. After the publication of the Transactions in 1793, the committee is not mentioned in the minutes. Oct. 7, ISo-i. Nathaniel Chairman, R. La Roche. Oct. 6, 1835. William Darrach, Thomas T. Hewson, J. W. Moore, J. Mar- shall Paul, Thos Stewardson. Aug. 1836-39. Wm. Darrach, Thos. T. Hewson, J. W. Moore. July, 1840-42. J. W. Moore ; 1843, Wm. Darrach. 1844-47. J. W. Moore; 1848, Governeur Emerson. 1849. Henry Gibbons. 1850-54. W. S. W. Ruschenberger. 1855-63. Wilson Jewell. 1864-66. James M. Corse. 1866-73. W. Lehman Wells. 1874-80. Richard A. Cleemann. 1881 (April). Joseph G. Richardson till the committee was abolished in 1882. Coynmittee on the Pharmacopceia , from 1788 to 1798. John Redman, John Jones, Adam Kuhn, Thomas P. James, William Shippen, Jr., Benjamin Rush, Saml. P. Griffitts, Benjamin S. Barton, Caspar Wistar, James Hutchinson, Thomas Parke. Samuel P. Griffitts, Thomas C. James, Thomas T. Hewson, Thomas T. Hewson, Joseph Hartshorne, George B. Wood, Franklin Bache, George B. Wood, Franklin Bache, Joseph Carson, George B. Wood, J. Carson, Appointed. Sept. 4, 1821 April 29,1828 Jan. Feb. Feb. 1829 1, 1848 1868 Appointed. Robert Bridges, Feb. 1868 Horatio C. Wood, W.S.W.Kuschenberger,Sept. 5, 1877 Robt. Bridges, " John B. Biddle, H. C. Wood, R. J. Dunglison, " I. Minis Hays, Oct. 25, Samuel Lewis, Dec. 14, Theodore G. Wormley, June 8, 1878 John J. Reese, March 1879 A year or two previously to each decennial revision of the pharmacopoeia, a committee was appointed, by the college, to revise the last edition of the work, and suggest such amendments as it might deem proper to be made under the authority of the National Convention at its next meeting. APPENDIX. 201 Delajatcs to the National Convention for- ReriHiyir/ the I'harmncopcnia. Thomas Parlco, Thomas 'l\ Ifcwson, (Jcorf^^o i>. Wood, Franklin liaclio, Franklin Hachc, Henri' Bond, Joseph Carson, Joscpli Carson, Henry Bond, Francis West, r.hclcd. IK20 rJcor^'c li. Wood, " I'obort liridgcs, IH."/) I{. 1'. Tiiomas, " (jcorgo I>. Wood, I ,S40 JJobcrt liridKcs, " Horatio (1. Wood, " W. S. W. Kuschenberger, 1850 Alfred Stilh;, " I. Minis Hays, FAuUd. 1800 IH70 1880 Delcgatcn to the Pennsylvanin State Convention, elected Feb. 8, 1848. Joseph Carson, Victor L. Godon, John D. Griscom, Samuel Jackson. Isaac Hays, Rene La Roche, Squire Littell, J. Forsyth Meigs, Lewis Rodman, F. Gurney Smith, Delegates to the National Quaranti7ie and Sanitary Convention. Elected April J, 1857. John Bell, Governeur Emerson, R(^ne La Roche, Edward Hartshorne, R^ne La Roclie, Edward Hartshorne, R. La Roche, John Bell. D. Francis Condie. Elected March 3, 1858. John Bell, Governeur Emerson, D. Francis Condie. ' Elected April 6, 1859. Wilson Jewell, W.S.W.Ruschenberger, Elected in ISGO. Wilson Jewell, John Bell, W. S. W. Rusclienberffer. Wm. Maybury, Delegates to the Liter 7iatio7ial Medical Congress at Paris, elected May 1, 1867. William F. Nonis, John L. Le Conte, Wilson Jewell, Francis W. Lewis. 202 APPENDIX. Delegates to the Centennial Medical Coynmission mid Interyiational Medical Cotigress of 1876, elected June 2, 1875. John Ashhurst, Jr., T. Hewson Bache, John H. Brinton, Joseph Carson, Richard A. Cleemann, J. M. Da Costa, Horace Y. Evans, Thos. S. Kirkbride, J. Ewing Mears, George R. Morehouse, Wm. F. Norris, Jacob Roberts, W. S. W. Ruschenberger Horatio C. Wood. W. H. Ford, W. K. Gilbert, S. W. Gross, Ed. Hartshorne, I. Minis Haj's, William Hunt, W. W. Keen, Dr. Caspar Wister, Treasurer of the International Medical Congress of 1876, transferred to the College, February 4, 1880, the residuary fund of the Congress, $800, to establish the International Medical Congress Trust, the income thereof to be applied to the illustration of the Transactions of the College. Delegates to the American Medical Association. Appointed December 1, 1846. — 17. Robert Bridges, Isaac Hays, J. W. Moore, H. Bond, Thomas T. Hewson, J. Rodman Paul, D. F. Condie, Saml. Jackson, Wm. Pepper, George Fox, Caspar Morris, Jacob Randolph. Alfred Stille, and C. D. Meigs, February 8, 1847. Joseph- Carson, Chas. R. King, and Rene La Roche, May 4, 1847. Henry Bond, D. F. Condie, George Fox, Isaac Hays, Henry Bond, D. F. Condie, Governeur Emerson, George Fox, Appointed February 1, 1848 — 10. Samuel Jackson, William Pepper, Chas. D. Meigs, Alfred Stills, J. Rodman Paul, Charles R. King. Elected February, 1849—10. Isaac Hays, Saml. Jackson, G. W. Norris, A. Stille, Francis West, G. B. Wood. Elected January, 1850 — 12. B. H. Coates, R. La Roche, Charles Evans, Chas. D. Meigs, Saml. L. HoUingsworth, Casper Morris, Wm. H. Klapp, W. Byrd Page, J. Rodman Paul, Lewis Rodman, W. S. W. Ruschenberger, F. Gurney Smith. APPENDIX. 203 FAccted Fchrunry 4, IHOl— 12. Joseph Carson, D. F. C(.n(lio, Gcorfi;« Fox, Isaac Hays, Q. Emerson, J. D. Griscom, Isaac Hays, S. L. Hollingsworth, K. La Roche, William Ashmcad, John Bell, Henry Bond, Robert Bridges, Joseph Carson, John B. Biddle, Robt. Bridges, James M. Grreene, John D. G-riscom, Franklin Bache, John B. Biddle, Robt. A. Given, P. B. Goddard, Franklin Bache, J. B. Biddle, Henry Hartshorne, Wm. V. Keating, Franklin Bache, Thomas Dillard, W. W. Gerhard, D. Gilbert, Caspar Morris, John Ncill, (Joorge W. Norris, W. Bynl Page, J. R. Paul, Wm. Pepper, W. H. W.Ptiischcnberger, Goo. B. Wood. ■ 14. Elected March 2, 1852- John Ncill, A. E. Stocker, J. \i. Paul, F. West, W.S.W.I'vuschenberger, Caspar Wister, F. G. Smith, Geo. B. Wood. A. Still6, Elected February, 1853—15. Gov. P]i)ierson, Isaac Hays, Charles Evans, R. La Roche, George Fox, J. R- Paul, Ed. Hallowell, W. S. W. Ruschenberger, Ed. Hartshorne, Alfred Stille. Elected February 1, 1854—12. Isaac Hays, S. L. Hollingsworth, Saml. Lewis, C. D. Meigs, John Neill, L. Rodman, F. G. Smith, Geo. B. Wood. Elected February 7, 185.5—12. Ed. Hartshorne, J. R. Paul, Bernard Henry, Francis G. Smith, John Neill, Francis Weet, Geo. W. Norris, Geo. B. Wood. Elected February 6, 1856-12. C. D. Meigs, Alfred Stille, Geo. W. Norris, R. P. Thomas, W. Byrd Page, Geo. B. Wood, J. R. Paul, Thos. H. Yardley. Elected April 1, 1857—12. Ed. Hartshorne, C D. Meigs, S. L. Hollingsworth, Geo. W. Norris, Jos- Hopkinson, Francis West, B. S. Jauuey, Geo. B. Wood. 20i APPENDIX. Thos. F. Betton, John B. Biddle, Joseph Caison, Isaac Hays, S. L. HoUingsworth, Addinell Hewson, S. L. HoUingsworth, William Hunt, R. La Eoche, S. W. Mitchell, James M. Corse, Henry E. Drayton, James M. Greene, Addinell Hewson, On account of the 1861-62. W. F. Atlee, Charles S. Boker, Joseph Carson, J. M. Corse, D. F. Condie, J. M. DaCosta, Augustine H. Fish, D. Gilbert, H. Lenox Hodge, D. F. Condie, J. M. Da Costa, S. D. Gross, J. H. Hutchinson, Wilson Jewell, Augustine H. Fish, Isaac Haj-s, C. Percy La Roche, Squire Littell, J. H. B. McClellan, Elected March 3, 1858—13. Samuel Lewis, W. S. W. Ruschenberg er Geo. W. Norris, Francis West, J. R. Paul, Caspar Wister, Lewis Rodman, Geo. B. Wood. Elected April 6, 1859—13. J. R. Paul, R. H. Townsend, James E. Rhoads, E. Wallace, W.S.W. Ruschenberger, Caspar Wister, A. Still(^, Geo. B. Wood. Elected April 4, 1860—12. Wm. Hunt, J. R. Paul, Squire Littell, W. S. W. Ruschenberger, Caspar Morris, Francis West, Geo. W. Norris, Caspar Wister. disturbed state of the country no meetings were held in Elected May 6, 1863—12. George Fox, J. R. Paul, J. Cheston Morris, Alfred M. Slocum, Geo. W. Norris, W. D. Stroud, John H. Packard, Caspar Wister. Elected May 4, 1864—13. J. H. Hutchinson, John F. Lamb, Squire Littell, S. W. Mitchell, Elected April 5, 1865—14. J. J. Levick, Wm. Maybury, Caspar Morris, Geo. W. Norris, John H. Packard, John J. Reese, Lewis Rodman, A. M. Slocum, W. D. Stroud. W. S. W. Ruschenberger, Alfred M. Slocum, R. H. Townsend, Owen J. Wister. Elected April 11, 1866—14. W. Maybury, R. H. Townsend, S. W. Mitchell, W. L. Wells, J. C. Morris, Caspar Wister, Geo. W. Norris, Geo. B. Wood. A. StiU6, APPENDIX. 205 W. F. Alice, W. S. Forhos, v. ll.(Jotcliell, 1). (jlilbort, S. D. Gross, John Aslihurst, Jr., T. Ilcvvsoir Baclic, .1). JiVancis Condie, Emil J<'ischer, a. p. Gebhard, Ed. Hartshoriie, T. H. Bache, John H. IJrinton, D. Murra}' Cheston, D. F. Condio, J. M. Da Costa, A. D. Hall. John Aslihurst, Jr., John H. Brintou, J. M. Da Costa, H. Lenox Hodge, William Hunt, John M. Adler, John H. Brlnton, J. M. Da Costa, Wm. Goodell, Saiul. D. Gross, Wm. S. Halsey, Elected April'.), 1807- L. D. Harlow, II. Lenox Ilodgc, Wm. Hunt, J. F. j.amb, J. J.Leviek, Elected April 15, 18G8 S. L. Hollingsworth, J. J. Levick, Samuel Jjcwis, S. W. Mitehell, Geo. W. Norris, 7itc(l by the Council April Ed. Hartshorne, Isaac Hays, C. D. iMeigs, S. W. Mitchell, Caspar Morris, Elected April 6, 1870- J. Ewing Mears, J. C. Morris, Geo. W. Norris, J. H. Packard, Wm. Pepper, Elected April, 1871—18. Horace B. Hare, 0. A. Judson, W. W. Keen, S. W. Mitchell, W. F. Norris, Isaac Ray, Wm. May bury, A. Nubingcr, A. M. Slocum, A. StiI16, Casi)ar Wi.ster. —10. J. II. Packard, L. Jloduian, W. S. W. Kuschenberger, A. M. Slocum, Caspar Wister. 9, 1800— KJ. Geo. W. Norris, John H. Packard, W. S. W. Ruschenberger, Alfred Still($, George B. Wood, -15. J. G. Richardson, F. G. Smith, A. Stille, W. L. Wells, Caspar Wister. W. S. W. Ruschenberger, F. G. Smith. A. StilkS Ralph M. To^vn5end, Richard H. Townsend, Geo. B. Wood. John H. Ashhurst, Jr., T. Hewson Bache, Robert Bridges, J. M. Da Costa, Horace Y. Evans, R. J. Dunglison, Ed. Hartshorne, Elected April 3, 1872- x\. Douglas Hall, S. B. Howell, Wm. Hunt. F. F. Maury, J. H. Packard, B. H. Baud, Isaac Ray, -•20. W. S. W. Ruschenberger, F. G. Smith, A. Stille, R. H. Townsend, Ellerslie Wallace, H. C. Wood. Jr. 206 APPENDIX. Elected April 2, 1873—19. D. Haj'es Agnew, John Ashhurst Jr., Joseph Carson, J. Solis Cohen, Saml. D. Gross, W. F. Jenks, W. W. Keen, Harrison Allen, Charles S. Boker, C. H. Burnett, Richard A. Cleemann, L. A. Duhring, Horace Y. Evans, Joseph Leidy, J. Aitkin Meigs, Geo. W. Norris, Joseph Pancoast, J. S. Parry, Wm. Pepper, Elected April 2, 1874—17. William Goodell, Samuel D. Gross, H. Lenox Hodge, James V. Ingham, J. Ewing Mears, J. Aitkin Meigs, Isaac Ray, W. S. W. Ruschenberger, Wm. Thomson, EUerslie Wallace, George B. Wood, H. C. Wood, Jr. W. S. W. Ruschenberger, F. G. Smith, A. Stille, W. L. Wells, H. C. Wood. At the meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Detroit, Michigan, June, 1874, the plan of organization was amended so that only State, County, and District medical societies are entitled to be represented in it. i:()f;I- OK KKIJ.OW.S flF TIIK COLLEGE OV IMIYSTCIANS OF I'll ILADELTIIIA, Elected ouiunu tuic Centukv exjjincj .Iancaky, 1887. AllllUr.N lATIONa * Died whilo a MUnv, d. See, Secretflry f Resigned, Ros. ^ Forf'oitcd followsliip by nogligoiue of tiiiioly payment of aunuiil contributions, Ft. N. R., Non-rcsidoiit. b., born. P., President. V P., Vice-President. Sect., Section. Com p., Companion. Constit., Constituent member. Milit , Military. The date placed immediately after a name is the date of election. . following a title, eignifles that it is still held. FELLOWS. Abbott, Griffith E. Oct. 1883. b. Feb. 7, 1850. A.B. 1871, A.M. 1874, M.D. 1879, Univ. Pa., Ph.D. 1875, .Jena. Memb. Chem. Geschcl. Berlin 1873 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Jan. 1878 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1880; Amer. Acad. Med. 1882; Demonstrator Chemistry Med. Dep. Univ. Pa. 1877-79. Adler, John M. April, 1870. b. Aug. 9, 1828. A.B. 1847, A.M. 1851, Coll. N. J. ; M.D. 1851, Columbia Coll. Wash- ington, D. C. Phys. Panama R. E. Co. 1852-55 ; Act. Asst. Surg. U. 8. A. 1861-65 ; Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1856 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Agnew, D. Hayes. January, 1859. b. Nov. 24, 1818. M.D. 1838, Univ. Pa. ; LL.D. 1876, Coll. N. J. ; Lecturer Philad. School Anat., Surg. Philad. Hosp. 1854; Demonstrator Anat. and Asst. Lect. Surgery 1863, Univ. Pa. ; Surg. Wills Hosp. 1SG4 : Surg. Pa. Hosp. 1865-71-1877 . ; Orthopredic Hosp. 1867 ; Prof. Clinical Surg. 1870 ; Prof. Principles and Pract. Surg. 1871 . Univ. Pa. ; Prof. Clinical Surgery Univ. Hosp. 1874 ; Consult. Surg. Orthopoedic Hosp., German- town Hosp. 1880 ; Philad. Dispens. ; Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1872, Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872, Med. Soc. State Pa., P. 1877 ; Manager House of Refuge 1871 . ; Incorporator Amer. Soc. for Prevent. Adulterat. of Food, March, 1885 ; Constit. Pathological Soc. Philad. ; Acad. Surg. Philad. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872. 208 APPENDIX. Alison, Robert H. (N. R.) April, 1876. M.D. 1869, Univ. Pa. Allen, Harrison. January, 1867. b. April 17, 1841. M.D. 1861, Uiiiv. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Pbilad. July, 1862, Corresp. Sec. Feb. 1867- Jan. 1868 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1868 ; Boston Nat. Hist. Soc. 1878 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1864-78, V. P. 1877 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1875 ; Biological Soc. Washington, D. C. 1880 ; Amer. Laryngological Assoc. 1883, P. 1886 ; Amer. Assoc. Natu- ralists, 1883, P. 1886 ; Neurological Soc. Philad. 1887 ; Historical Soc. Texas 1887 ; Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-65 ; Comp. Milit. Order Loyal Legion, U. S. 1887 ; Asst. Surg. Wills Hosp. 1868-70 ; Surg. Philad. Hosp. 1870-78; St. Joseph's Hosp. 1870-78; Prof. Compar. Anat. 1865-78, Physiology 1878-85, Emeritus, Univ. Pa. ; Prof. Anat. Philad. Dental Coll. 1867-78. *Allen, Jonathan M. July, 1852. M.D. 1840, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1852; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1852. Allis, Oscar H. April, 1873. M.D. 1866, Jefferson Med. Coll. Attend. Surg. Presbyterian Hosp. and Howard Hosp. Andrews, Thomas Hollingsworth. January, 1869. b. Feb. 15, 1843. M.D, 1864, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1866 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. May, 1868 ; Franklin Instit. Pa. 1869 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1870 ; Historical Soc. Pa. 1872 ; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1878; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. Philad. 1885. Resid. 1864-66, Surg. Out-patient Dep. 1874-76 Pa. Hosp.; Assist. Surg. U. S. A. Hosp. 1863 ; Surg. Howard Hosp. 1868-75 ; Consult. Surg. Hosp. Good Shepherd, Radnor, Pa. 1872 ; Coronor's Phys. 187^77 ; Demonstrator Anat. Jefferson Med. Coll. 1872-79. *Annan, William. June, 1796. d. Oct. 4, 1797. ASHBRIDGE, Richard, U. S. N. (N. R.) April, 1882. b. July 10, 1854. A.B. 1872, Haverford Coll. ; M.D. 1875, Univ. Pa. ^Ashbridge, William. Jan. 1872. b. March 15, 1846. d. Dec. 13, 1884. M.D, 1867, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. ; Surg. Ger- man Hosp. Philad. ; Phys. Out-patients, Pa. Hosp. and Univ. Hosp. Ashhurst, John, Jr. July, 1863. b. Aug. 23, 1839. A.B. 1857; A.M. M.D. 1860, Univ. Pa. Resid. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1861-62; Act. Asst. Surg. U.S.A. 1862-65; Surg. Episcopal Hosp. 1863-80, Manager 1880; Children's Hosp. 1870; Consult. Surg. Hosp. AI'I'IINDIX. 209 (»(»(m1 Slicplicnl ISTl, Si,. (;iirisl()|)lH!r'H IKTr*, WomatrH MrjHp. \HH(); Prof. Clinical Surg. Univ. I'a. 1H77 . ; Mcuib. (JcnUirinial Med. Com - nii.MHion lS75-7f); V.I*. .Snrjr. Soct. International Med. ('on^r. 1H7G; Patlu.loKical S()(!. IMiihuI. IMCI, I'. I,s70; ObHtctrical Hoc. Philad 1874; Phihul.Co.Mod. Son. I.SSO; (Jonstit. Follow Acad. Snr/^'cry 1870 ; ConHtit. Mcnilj. Amor. Siiri^Wcal Assoc. ISSO; McMnh. Ili.storical Soc. I'a. 1 8.0'J ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Pliilad. Oct. I,SC>(); Auwr. i'liiloH. Soc Jan. 1884. A.siiiinits'r, Samuici.. April, isC),'). }>. Sept. II, \xU). M.D. 1801, Univ. Pa. Momb. Palbolo-ical Soc. J^liilad.; i'bilad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Board of Health Pliilad. ; Alumni Soc. Med. Dep. Univ. ]'a., Ciiair. Exec Comt. 18SC, ; Acad. Nat. Sc Philad. March, 1807. Act. Assist. Surg. U.S.A. hSC);',. AsHMEAl), W[MJAiM. Jan. IS.')'), b. Jnly 2, 1 sol . M.D. 182(1, Univ. l*a. Snr;;. Pliilad. ITosp. ; Phys. Philad. Di.spens., Magdalen Asylum, Philad.; Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Med. Soc. State Pa.; Anier. Med. Assoc. 1847. IAtlee, Edwin AtJGUSTus. July, lsi.>. b. Nov. 16, 177('.. Pies. Aug. 16, 1822. d. March 8, 1852. M.D. 1804, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Jan. 18PJ. Atlee, Walter Frankt.tn. April, 1857. b. Oct. 12, 1828. A.B. 1846, Yale ; M.D. 1850, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. May, 1857; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855. *Atlee, Washington L. .June, 1846. b. Feb. 22, 1808. d. Sept. 7, 1878. M.D. 1 829, .Jefferson Med. Coll. Prof. Chemistry Pa. Coll. 1845-5.3. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc, P. 1871; P. xAJed. Soc State Pa. 1875; Internat. Med. Congress, 1876; Amer. Med. Assoc 1847, V.P. 1876-77; Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Med. Soc. State Pa., P. 1874; Con- stit. Amer. G3'necological Soc. ; Phj's. Lancaster Co. Hosp. 18 14. Treasurer of Commissioners of Lancaster Co. Pa. *Bache, Franklin. April, 1829. b. Oct. 25, 1792. d. :N[areh 19. 1864. A.B., M.D. 1814, Univ. Pa. Phys. Walnut St. Prison 1824-30 ; East- ern Penitentiary 1829-39. Prof Chemistry, Franklin Inst. Pa 1826-32; Philad. Coll. Pharmacy, 1831-41 ; and Jefferson Med. Coll. 1841-^4. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc Dec 1816; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Dec 1817- Nov. 1822; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847; Amer. Philos. Soc April. 1S20, Sec. 1825-42, V. P. 1843-52, P. 1853-55; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1852. 14 210 APPENDIX. Bache, Thomas; Hkwson. April, 1852. b. Sept. IG, 1826. A.B.-184G, A.M. 1849, Univ. Pa.; M.D. 1850, Jefferson Med. Coll. Metub. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Med. Soc. State Pa.; Pathological Soc. Philad. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855. Resid. Phys. 1852-53 Pa. Hosp. ; Surgeon Western Clinic Infirm. (Howard Hosp.); Attend. Phys. Chil- dren's Hosp. ah origine 1870; Surgeon 17th Reg. Pa. Volunteers 1861 ; U. S. Vols., 1861-65 (Major and Bvt. Lt. Col.) ; Manager and Treasurer Children's Hosp. Philad. ; Director and V. P. Pa. Instit. for the Deaf and Dumb. B^VER, Benjamin F. June, 1883. b. Jan. 29, 1S46. M.D. 1876, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Pathological Soc. Philad.; Obstetrical Soc. Philad., P. 1885-87. Maternity Hosp. Demonstrat. Clinical Surg. Univ. Pa., 1878-85 ; Prof. Obstetrics and G-ynecology Philad. Polyclinic 1885 . Baker, Washington H. April, 1879. M.D. 1875, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. March, 1876. Baldwin, Louis K. April, 1876. b. March 27, 1836. M.D. 1862, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1870, Treasurer, 1883 . ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1871 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1883. Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-65. Phys. Charity Hosp. 1868-70. Bartholow, Roberts. Oct. 1879. b. Nov. 18, 1831. A.B. 1848, A.M. 1854, M.D. 1852, Univ. Maryland; LL.D. 1877, Mt. St. Mary's Coll. Emmetsburg, Md. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1868; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1880 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1880 ; (Honorary) State Med. Societies of Connecticut, of New York, and of Ohio ; Societe Medico-Pratique, Paris ; Richmond Med. Soc. ; Cincinnati Acad. Med. Assist. Surg. U. S. Army 1856-64. Prof Mat. Med. and Therapeutics 1867, afterward Theory and Pract. Med. Med. Coll. Ohio; Prof. Mat. Med. Therapeutics and Hygiene, Jefferson Med. Coll. 1879 -. Phys. Cholera Hosp., and Hosp. Grood Samaritan, Cincinnati 1866 ; Philad. Hosp. 1886 . *Barton, Benjamin Smith. April, 1790. d. Dec. 15, 1815, aet. 48. Presid. Philad. Med. Soc. 1808-12. Prof. Mat. Med. and Botany, In- stitutes and Practice, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1789, V.P. 1802-16. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1798-1815. IIBarton, William P. C. June, 1815. b. Nov. 17, 1886. ft. Jan. 1822. d. Feb. 29, 1856. A.B., Coll. N. J. ; M.D. 1808, Univ. Pa. Resid. Pa. Hosp. 1809. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. 1806, Orator 1817 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1813, Sec. APPENDIX. 211 1KI7-20; P. liimicaii Soc. Surg. iHt Troop I'liilad. (.'avalry, 1H0« ; Surg. U. S. N.Juiic, IHOl), Chier I'.uroiiu Mod. and Surg. Navy I)f;p. Sept. ]842-Mar(:li :'.!, 1H14. I'rof. I'>()tariy Univ. J 'a. 1820 ; Prof. Mat. Med. and liotaiiy, .leflciHoii Mod. ("oil. Baiim, Charles. Jan. ISS:',. h. Jan. 1, 185.5. A.B. 1874, A.M. 1877, Pa. Coll. Gettysburg; M.D. 18,77, Ph.D. 1878, Univ. Pa. Resid. Pa. IIosp. 1879-80; Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1883. Attend. Phys. Northern TIoiik; for FiieridloH.s Children, 1878-80; Visit. Phys. Northern l)i,si)enH. I SSI. Baxter, Henry F. April, Is7;'.. b. June 20, 1843. A.B.I SCO, A.M. IStif), Central High School, Philad.; M.D. 1864, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1868; Acad. Nat. Sc Philad. Feb. 1873-June, 1874; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1876; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1880. Phys. 3d Poor Dist. 1864-72; Vaccine Phys. .3d Dist. 1872-82. Beates, Henry, Jr. Nov. 1883. b. Dec. 20, 1857. M.D. 1879, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1880; Obstet- rical Soc. Philad. 1880; Philad. Clinical Soc. 1884-85, P.; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1884; Med. Soc. State Pa. IIBeecher, a. C. W. Jan. 1874. ft. Nov. 7, 1883. b. March 26, 1845. M.D. 1867, Jeiferson Med. Coll. Memb. Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1872 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1873: Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1886, Sec. 1887. Resid. Philad. Hosp. 1867-69. Assist. Demonst. Anat. Jefferson Med. Coll. 1869-77; Clinic. Lect. Diseases of Women 1869-74; Dist. Phys. Guardians of Poor 1870-74. Demonst. x\nat. Jefferson Med. Coll. 1886. *BtESLEY, Theophilus Elmer. Oct. 1832. b. Dec. 5, 1796. d. Oct. 17, 1867. M.D. 1819, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc ; V. P. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1852. *Bell, John. Feb. 1827. b. 1796. d. Aug. 19, 1872. M.D. 1817, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Jan. 1816; Philad. Co. Soc. Jan. 1849, P. 1858 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1832, Councillor 1858-64.; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1846-47. Lecturer Institutes of 3Ied. Philad. Med. Institute; Prof. Med. Inst. Med. Coll. Ohio 2 years. Phys. City Hosp. 1859. Benner, Henry D. April, 1860. b. Oct. 7, 1833. M.D. 1854, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Bennet, W. H. April, 1874. M.D. 1869, Univ. Pa. Phys. Episcopal Hosp. : St. Christopher's Hosp. 212 APPENDIX. ^Berkeley, Carter N. June, 1840. M.D. 1837, Univ. Pa. Phys. Episcopal Hosp., St. Christopher's Hosp. *Bertolet, K M. July, 1871. M.D. 1868, Univ. Pa. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1873. *Betton, Thomas Forrest. June, 1846. b. July 29, 1809. d. May 22, 1875 M.D. 1832, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Dec. 1828-Dec 1838 ; Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1829, Sec. 1831 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1849 Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Jan. 1849, P. 1854 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1857 V. P. Med. Soc. State Pa. 1848. Phys. House of Refuge 1836-37 Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-65 ; Surg. 1st Troop Philad. Cavalry, 1833. Prof. Surgery, Franklin Med. Coll. 1846-48. Biddle, Alexander W. Oct. 1884. M.D. 1879, Jefferson Med. Coll. *BiDDLE, John Barclay. Jan. 1851. b. Jan. 3, 1815. d. Jan. 19, 1879. A.B. 1834, St. Mary's Coll., Baltimore ; M.D. 1836, Univ. Pa. Prof. Mat. Med. Franklin Med. Coll. 1846-48 ; Prof. Mat. Med. Pa. Med. Coll. 1842-59 ; Prof. Mat. Med. and Gen. Therapeutics Jefferson Med. Coll. June, 1865, Dean of the Faculty. Phys. Pa. Instit. Deaf and Dumb 1841. Phys. Girard Coll. 1856. Inspector Philad. Co. Prison, P. of Board ; Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1848. Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1853 ; Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1837, Corres. Sec. 1859 ; P. Assoc. Amer. Med. Colleges ; Med. Soc. State Pa. Biddle, Thomas. April, 1884. M.D. 1876, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Jan. 1877. Black, John Janvier. (N. R.) April, 1866. b. Nov. 6, 1837. A.B. Coll. N. J. 1858 ; M.D. 1862, Univ. Pa. Resid. U. S. Marine Hosp. San Francisco, Cal. 1858-60 ; Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-64 ; Resid. Philad. Hosp. 1864-65 ; Trustee for the Poor, New Castle Co. Del. 1872-78 ; Phys. New Castle Co. Del. Prison 1878 . ; P. Board Trustees New Castle Commission 1879; Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1864 ; P. Del. State Med. Soc. 1877 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1876 ; Assist. De- monstrator Anat. Univ. Pa. 1864; P. Farmers' Bank State Del. 1885. BoARDMAN, Charles Hodge. (N. R.) Jan. 1867. b. May 25, 1838. A.B. 1859, Yale; M.D. 1862, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad.; Ramsey Co. (Minn.) Med. Soc. P. 1876; Minn. State Med. Soc, Record. Sec. 1877 ; Assist. Surg. U. S. V. aimm:n'I)IX. 218 BOKlOK, (!iiAi(i,Ks STKWAiir. July, ISf)'.). I). Oct. 22, 1828. A.li. Va>\\. N. J.; M.I). \H:,2, Univ. I'a. Mcml.. Acad. Nat. Sc. Pliiliii,!. Jiiiio, iSOCi. SiirK- tSt. Joscph'H lIoHp. *BoLLios, Lucius S. Ajiril, 1.S7I. b. April 21, IH.'JT. d. Aug. 1.0. 187.3. A.B. 1859, Brown Univ. ; M.I). 1802, Univ. Pa. Mcmb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. June, 1S()S; IMiilad. Co. M(;d. Sor; 18r.f,; Amr-r. Med.A.HSOC. 1870 ; Med. So(!. State Pa. Act. iS^miint Surg. U. S. A. 1802-04; Phys. St.. Mary's ITosp. lsr)8-72. IIBoLLiNO, lioi'.KiiT. .July, 1804. b. Dec. 11, 1832. ft. .Jidy :;, 1878. AH. Univ. Va. ; M.I). 18.05, Univ. Pa.; Meinb. I'i.ilad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1800-March '60; Assist. Ex. Off. Mower U. S. A. Hosp. 1802 ; Pliys. Charity IIosp. I860 ; St. Joseph's Convent 1861; Bethesda Home 1862 ; Phys. Hosp. for Consumptives Pliilad. 1886. *BoND, Henry. July, 1825. b. March 21, 1790. d. May 4, 1859. A.B. 1813, M.D. 1816, Dartmouth Coll. Memb. Honorary, Philad. Med. Soc. 1819, V. P. 1844; Honor. Anatom. Soc. Edinb. 1819; New Hampshire Med. Soc. 1820; Philad. Acad. Med. 1820; Memb. Board of Health Philad. 1833-38, P. 1837-8; Philad. Med. Lyceum ; Kappa Lambda Soc. 1823 ; a Corporator of Philad. Coll. Med. 1835; Constit. Med. Soc. State Pa. 1847; Constit. Amer. Med. As.soc. 1846; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Franklin Instit. Pa. ; Soc. for Alleviating Mi.series of Public Prisons ; Corres. New England Hist. Soc; Amer. Stati.'^tical Soc; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Jan. 1830; Corres. National In.stit. Washington D. C. ; Northern Acad. Arts and Sciences, New Hampshire ; Phys. Philad. Disp. ; Southern Disp. Philad. 1822; Amer. Statistical Assoc. ; New England Historic. Genealogical Soc. ; Amer. Antiquarian Soc. ; Historical Societies of Pa., New York, Maryland, Wisconsin, and Massa- chusetts. *BouRNONYiLLE, Anthony. May, 1837. b. Aug. 6, 1797. d.Feb. 27. 1863. A.B., A.M., M.D., 1818, Copenhagen, Denmark; 1S2S, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. iMed. Soc. Dec 1 828 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1852. *BoYS, William. Nov. 1798, elected Assoc. *Bradford, James H. Jan. 1839. b. Nov. 4, 1802. d. April 9, 1859. M.D. 1823. Univ. Pa. Phys. Chinese Amer. Hosp. Canton, China, 1825-35. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc Philad. July, 1839-July, '43. Bradford, Tho.aias Hewson. April, 1884. b. .July 16, 1848. M.D. 1874, Jefferson Med. Coll. Resid. Phys. Pa. Hosp. Feb. 1875- 214 APPENDIX. Oet. '70 ; District Phys. Philad. Disp. Nov. 1876-Oct. '79 ; Phys. Charity Hosp. Nov. 1880; Howard Hosp. 1882; Disp. Phys. St. Christopher's Hosp. 18S4; Phys. Children's Hosp. 1886; Grynecologist Out-patient Dept. Pa. Hosp. May, 1887 ; Late Surg. 3d Reg. Inf. N. G. P. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1878 ; Obstetrical Soc Philad. 1884 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. *BRn)QES, Robert. July, 1842. b. March 5, 1806. d. Feb. 20, 1882. A.B. 1824, Dickinson Coll. ; M.D. 1828, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1826 ; Acad. Nat. 8c. Philad. Jan. 1835, Libr. 1836-39, Corres. Sec. May, 1840-Dec. '41, V. P. Sept. 1850, Dec. '64, P. Dec. 1864- Dec. '65 ; Franklin Instit. Pa. 1836 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1844, Councillor 1859-77 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1852 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847 : Philad. Coll. Pharmacy 1838, Trustee 1839, Prof. General and Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1842-79 ; Prof. Chemistry Franklin Med. Coll. 1846-48. *Brinckle, Thoimas R. Jan. 1845. b. Sept. 20, 1804. d. July 8, 1853. M.D. 1826, Univ. Pa. *Brinckle, William Draper. May, 1839. b. Feb. 9, 1798. d. Dec. 16, 1862. A.B. 1816, Coll. N. J.; M.D. 1819, Univ. Pa. Phys. City Hosp. 1827-39 ; Buttonwood St. Cholera Hosp. 1832. Memb. Pa. Horticult. Soc. Sept. 1843 ; Honorary Genesee Valley Horticult. Soc. 1852 ; New York Horticult. Soc. Feb. 1853; Constit. Amer. Pomological Soc, P.; Memb. Board of Health, Philad. 1852 ; Bishop White Prayer Book Soc. 1834. Brinton, John H. Oct. 1856. b. May 21, 1832. A.B. 1850, A.M. 1853, Univ. Pa.; M.D. 1852, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. June, 1851 ; Instituent, Pathological Soc. Philad. Oct. 1857; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872; Philad. Surg. Club 1877; Instituent, Acad. Surg. Philad. April, 1879 ; Instituent, Amer. Surg. Assoc. 1880 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Amer. Philos. Soc. Feb. 1886. Surg, and Brigade Surgeon U. S. V. Aug. 1861-March, '65 ; Lecturer Operat. Surgery 1853-61 ; Principles and Pract. Surgery 1861 ; Philad. Med. Summer Assoc; Operat. Surgery Summer Course Jefferson Med. Coll. 1867-82; Mutter Lecturer on Surgical Pathology (5th Course, Gun- shot Injuries) J 869; Surgeon St. Joseph's Hosp. 1859; Philad. Hosp. 1867-82; Jefferson Coll. Hosp. 1877 . ; Prof. Practice and of CHnical Surgery Jefferson Med. Coll. 1882 . Bruen, Edward Tunis. Oct. 1878. b. Aug. 12, 1851. Ph.D. 1872, M.D. 1873, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1877, V. P. 1886-87; Patholog. Soc Philad. 1874; Amer. Med. Assoc. APPENDIX. 215 ISHO; dliriKildloi/iralSoo. IHS4 ; l'liil;i. *CnovKr, AitRAiiAM. Jiiii. 1787. 1). M;iy 25, 170 4. d. March, 1700. DemoiiHlr:il,(tr Aiiut. C(j. IJarberH and HurgeoiiH London 17.%. Lec- turer oti Anal. Claiik, LtoonardS. Ai)ril, 187.".. M.D. 1807, Univ. Pa. Mcnil). Acad. Nat. Sc. I'liilad. .Sept. 1873, Med. Exaiiiiiuu-, Ordc^r of S|>:irta and I'liilud. lic'lid' League. *Clarkhon, GioivARDUs. .Ian. 1787. b. 1737. d. Sept. 19, 1700. Mcmb. Philos. Soc. 17(i8; Trustee Univ. State Pa, fCLARKSON, William. Jan. 1787. b. Nov. 7, 1703. Kes. Feb. 9, 1793. d, Sept. 9, 1812. M.D. 1785, Univ. Pa. Attend. Phy.s. Philad. Dispen.s. Feb. 1786. *Cleaver, Isaac. Oct. 1815. d. Feb. 10, 1822, set. 30. M.D. 1805, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. 1803, Permanent Chairman 1807, Orator 1809 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Phihid. .Tan. 1817. Cleemann, Richard Alsop. .Jan. 1872. b. Feb. 22, 1840. A.B. 1859, A.M., M.D. 1862, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1866; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1868, P. 1882-84; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1876; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1879; Amer. Acad. Med. 1879 ; International Med. Congress, Sect. 1876. Resid. Phys. Hosp. P. E. Church 1862 ; Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. Aug. 1862-Sept. '64; Dist. Phys. Philad. Dispens. 186-5-68; Phys. St. Mary's Hosp. 1872-76, 1878-79; Phys. Church Home for Children 1868-80; Alumni Manager Univ. Hosp. 1880. Memb. Board Health 1878. Corresp. National Board Health 1879-80. *CLEME]srTS, Richard. July, 1854. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad." July, 1852; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1855. Clymer, Meredith. (N. R.) July, 1842. b. June 6, 1817. M.D. 1837, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1836; Philad. Co. JMed. Soc. 1842 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1848 ; New York Co. Med. Soc. 1869 ; Soc. Neurolgy, P. 1874 ; Soc. Alumni Med. Dept. Univ. Pa., V. P. 1875, Orator 1876 ; New York Soc. Alumni Univ. N. Y. 1886 ; Honorary. Assoc. Amer. Phys. 1886. Phys. Philad. lustit. for the Blind 1842-43; St. Joseph's Female Orphan Asyl. 1848-50; Philad. Hosp. 1843-46, Consult. Phys. 1846-50. Lecturer on Instit. Med. 1843, and Pract. Med. 1849, Philad. Med. Instit. Prof. Pract. Med. Franklin Med. Coll. 1846-48 ; Prof. Pract. and Instit. Med. Univ. New York 1S51. 218 APPENDIX. *C0ATES, Bexjamin H. May, 1827. b. Nov. 14, 1797. d. Oct. 16, 1881. M.D. 1818, Univ. Pa. Resid. 1814-19, Phys. 1828-41, Pa. Hosp. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1817, V. P. 18-44; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1818; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1823; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. April, 1849, P. 1859; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1864; Historical Soc. Pa. V. P. !|C0ATES, Eeynell. Feb. 1835. ft. 1842. b. 1802. d. April 27, 1886. M.D. 1823, Univ. Pa. Eesid. Pa. Hosp. 1819-23. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1824; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1834- Aug. '48. CoHEJf, J. SoLis. April, 1871. M.D. 1860, Univ. Pa. Prof. Diseases of the Throat and Chest, Philad. Polyclinic and Coll. for Graduates. Phys. German Hosp. ; Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Oct. 1870- June '77; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1864; 26th Regt. Pa. Vol. 1861 ; Act. A.ssist. Surg. U. S. N. Sept. 4, 1861 -Jan. 12, '64; U. S. A. Hosp. Philad. 1864. ^CoLHOUx, Samuel. Aug. 1839. d. April 7, 1841, set. 54. Resid. 1809-10, Phys. 1816-21 Pa. Hosp. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. *C0NDIE, D. Francis. May, 1836. b. May 12, 1796. d. March 21, 1875. M.D. 1818, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1852 ; Soc. State Pa., P. 1859. *CoRBiTT, William B. Jan. 1870. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1870. *C0RSE, James M. Oct. 1857. (N. R. from Jan. 1869.) d. Aug. 10, 1885. ffit. 73. M.D. 1851, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1852 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1852-Aug. '76 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855. *CoxE, William S. Jan. 1829. b. April 16, 1790. d. July 20, 1837. A.B. 1807, A.M. 1810, Coll. N. J.; M.D. 1811, Univ. Pa. Cruice, Robert Blake. April, 1866. b. Sept. 29, 1838. M.D. 1859, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Dec. 1874 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Jan. 1878; Compan. Milit. Order Loyal Legion U. S. Jan. 1882 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1884. Assist. Surg. Pa. Vol. Aug. 1861 ; Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. April, 1862. Resid. Aug. 1863, Attend. Surg. Dec. 1880, Phys. and Surg, in charge Jan. 1881, St. Joseph's Hosp. Philad. . *Cbuice, William R. April, 1873. b. Dec. 23, 1842. d. Aug. 15, 1886. M.D. 1865, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Jan. 1876; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1877, V. P. 1886. APPENDIX. 219 ■"■( !uMMiN(f, John. Oct. ]T.)r>. IIOijMMiMKKY, .lAMKs. April, 1808. ft. Xov. 7, ]88.'5. M.D. ]8r>(;, .l.dbiHon Mfd. Coll. Mcmb. .Amor. Mr;fl. Assoc. 18G0 ; Acad. Niit. Sc. I'liilud. Nov. 18(i!)-.Jnn(;, 72. *CuNNiN()irAAr, .Tamks. April, 1787. d. Dec. 17J)7, Fhya. Hibcriiiiin Soc. 171)3. *(JURRIE, William. Jan. 1787. b. 1754. d. June la, 1828. Memb. Board of Hcaltli, Philad. ; Anier. Philos. Soc. July, 1792. Phys. Magdalen Asylum. OuRTiN, Roland G. April, 1884. b. Oct. 29, 1829. A.M. (Honorary), 1888, M.D. ISr.f), Pb.D. 1871, Tniv. Pa. Memb. Obstetrical Soc. Pbilad. 1870 ; Patbological Soc. Philad. 1871, Trca.surer 1879-80; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1878; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1871 ; Amer. Climatological Assoc. 188-'), V. P. 1886 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872; Med. Soc. State Pa. Resid. Phys. 1866-67, Visit. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1868; Maternity Hosp. ; Phys. Throat and Chest Dept. Howard Hosp. 1876-82; Phys. Univ. Hosp. 1879; Philad. Lying-in Charity 1871 ; Chief of Med.' Disp. Univ. Hosp. 1872-82. Lect." Physical Diag- nosis, Univ. Pa. 1877; Assist. Clinical ^led. Univ. Pa. 1875; Assist. Med. Director International Exhib. 1876 ; Assist. U. S. Geologist, 1868 ; U. S. Naval Storekeeper 1861-65. Da Costa, Jacob M. Oct. 1858. b. 1833. A.M. M.D. 1852 ; Jefferson Med. Coll., LL.D. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Feb. 1852 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1866 ; Amer. Acad. Arts and Sc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855; Pathological Soc. Philad. ex-P. ; Corresp. Pathological Soc. N. Y. ; New England Historical Soc. ; Hono- rary, Med. Soc. State N. Y. ; Med. Soc. London. Prof. Theory and Pract. Med. Jefferson Med. Coll. 1872 . Phys. Episcopal Hosp. ; Philad. Hosp. 1865; Pa. Hosp. 1865 . Consult. Phys. Children's Hosp. Da Costa, John C. Feb. 1884. M.D. 1878, Jeffei-son Med. Coll. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. June, 1857; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Oct. 1879; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. Nov. 1880,V. P. '87 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1886. Senior Assist. Phys. Philad. Lying-in Charity and Nurses' School 1880-84; Gynecologist Jeflerson Med. Coll. Hosp. March, 1884 . *Darrach, William. May, 1828. b. June 16, 1796. d. May 6, 1865. A.B. 1815, A.M. Coll.' N. J. ; M.D. 1819, Univ. Pa. Eesid. Philad. Hosp. 1818 ; Phys. Philad. Dispens. 7 years ; Eye and Ear Infirmary ; 220 APPENDIX. Howard Hosp. ; Eastern Penitentiary, Pa. 10 years; Southern Home for Friendless Children. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1852 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. March, 1823-March, 29. Prof. Theory and Pract. Med. Pa. Med. Coll. 1843-54. *Darrach, William. Oct. 1866. b. 1839. d. Jan. 28, 1881. A.B. 1859, M.D. 1861, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. ; Alumni Soc. Med. Dep. Univ. Pa. ; Act. Asst. Surg. U. S. A. Darrach, James. April, 1859. b. 1828. A.B. 1849, A.M. 1852, Univ. Pa. ; M.D. 1852, Pa. Med. Coll. Eesid- Pa. Hosp. 1853-54. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1857 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1858. Surg, in charge Cuyler U. S. A. Hosp. 1862 ; Consult. Phys. Germantown Hosp. and of Jewish Hosp. Deakyne, a. C. June, 1874. M.D. 1854, Pa. Med. Coll. Deal, Lemuel Jacob. (N. R.) July, 1870. b. Feb. 24, 1842. A.B. 1860, A.M. 1863, Univ. Pa. ; M.D. 1865, Jefferson Med. Coll. ; Ph.D. 1872 Wagner Free Institute Sc. Memb. Franklin Institute, Pa., March, 1866 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. July, 1867-June,'77; Northern Med. Assoc, P. 1863; Philad. Co. Med. Soc, Assist. Sec. 1872; Med. Soc State Pa. 1878 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1868. Attend. Phys. North- ern Dispens. 1866-73 ; Asst. Demonstrator Anat. Jefferson Med. Coll. 1866-73 ; Attend. Phys, Dispens. Episcopal Hosp. 1878-85 ; St. Christo- pher's Hosp. 1877-85; Lecturer on Chemistry Franklin Instit. Pa. 1866-67; Prof, of Chemistry Wagner Free Instit. Sc. 1866-73 ; Philad. Coll. Pharmacy 1877 . Woman's Med. Coll. 1874-75. Dbrcum, Francis X. Jan. 1885. M.D. 1877, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1878. Instructor in Nervous Diseases, Univ. Pa. 1885 . fDlCKSON, S. Henry. Jan. 1859. b. 1798 ; res. Oct. 5, 1864. d. March, 31, 1870. M.D. 1819, Univ. Pa. *DiLLARD, Thomas. Nov. 1842. b. Jan. 24, 1801. d. March 1, 1870. M.D. 1825, Univ. Pa. Surg. Mate Nov. 1824; Surg. Jan. 1828, U. S. Navy. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855. *D0RSEY, Nathan. April, 1887. d. July 2, 1806. Lazaretto Phys. Philad. 1805. APl'KNDIX. 221 Downs, Koiuout Nohton. April, ISIII. 1). Sept. \r>, I82I). M.D. 1H5(J, Univ. I'.i. Act. AhhI. Surg. II. H. A. Sept. 1862-fir,; Con.sult. PhyH. (Ji'.rm:uiLown IFoHp. *DliAYTON, IlKNiiY E. A|)ril, isr.l. 1,. 1-^cl). 25, 1823. d. April ]'.), 1802. M.D. 1845, Univ. Pa. Snl•;,^ ICpiscop;!! IFohj)., 1'. IJoard of .Matiagere; Amer. Med. Aasoc. IHf)!. Drysdale, Thomas MuiiKAY. ,Iunc, issi. 1.. Auf,'. 14, \H'',]. M.D. 18.52, Pn. Med. Coll. ; A.M. 187!) (honorary), LaFaycttc Coll. Mcnib. Philiul. Co. Med Soc. 1853, V. P. 1875, P. 1876 ; Med. Soc. State Pa., P. 18G4, Corresp. Sec. 1873-74; Amer. Med. As-soc. 1873; Amer. vVcad. Med. 1879; V. P. 1882; Constit. Amer. Gynecological Soc. 1876; British Med. Assoc. 1877 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1877 ; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1877, V. P. 1881, P. 1887; Internat. Med. Congress, 1876. Assist. Surg. 1st Regt. Infant, reserv, 1861, Surg. 1863. DuER, Edward Louis. April, 1864. b. June 19, 1836. A.B. 1857, Yale Coll. ; M.D. 1860, Univ. Pa. Surg. U. S. Vol. 1861- 65. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. ; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872. Accoucheur and Clinical Lecturer on Diseases of Women and Children, Philad. Hosp. ; Phys. for Disea-ses of Women, Presbyterian Hosp. ; Visit. Phys. Preston Retreat ; also, of State Hoap. for Women. *DUFFIELD, Benjaa[IN. Jan. 1787. b. Nov. 3, 1753. d. Dec. 13, 1799. A.B. 1771, Coll. Philad. [The commencement for 1774 was not held. Therefore each of the Medical Professors of the College of Philadel- phia gave him a certificate that he had attended the full courses of lectures.] Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. July, 1786. *DuffieIjD, Samuel. Jan. 1787. b. 1732. d. Dec. 1814. M.B. 1768, Coll. Philad. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Dec. 1768, Curator 1774-82, 1786-91, Councillor 1783 and 1805. Wholesale and Retail Druggist 1768 ; Surg. Pa. Navy Oct. 1775 ; Superintendent Hosp. and Pest House, Pa. Navy April, 1776. Elected member of the Conti- nental Congress, by the Pa. Assembly, Sunday, Sept. 14, 1777, but no evidence that he served has been found. Phys. of Asylum for Orphans made by Yellow Fever, Oct. 1793 ; Consult. Phys. Board of Healthy 1798 ; Phys. to attend the poor of the city. [Benjamin DutEeld and Samuel Duffield were not of the same family.] DuHRiNG, Louis A. Jan. 1871. b. Dec. 23, 1845. M.D. 1867, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Dermatological Assoc, P. . Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. ; Pathological Soc', Philad. ; Corres. New York Dermatological Soc. ; Honorary McLain Soc. Loudon. Lecturer 1871, Clinic. Prof. Skin Diseases 1876. Univ_ Pa. . ; Dermatologist Philad. Hosp. ; Phys. and Consult. Phys. and P. Trustees Philad. Dispens. for Skin Diseases. 222 APPENDIX. DuLi.ES, Chakles Winslow. Jan. 1881. b. Nov. 29, 1850. M.D.. 1875, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1876 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1878 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1880. Med. Soc. State Pa. 1881; West Philad. Med. Soc. 1881; Philad. Acad. Surgery, 1884. Eesid. Philad. Hosp. 1875-76 ; Pa. Hosp. 1877 ; Eegistrar 1878-83, Surg. Out-patients Univ. Hosp. and of Presbyterian Hosp. 1883 ; lately Lecturer on Venereal Diseases Philad. School Anat. DuNGLisoN, Richard J. April, 1863. b. Nov. 13, 1834. A.B. 1852, A.M. 1855, Univ. Pa.; M.D. 1856, JeflFerson Med. Coll. Memb. Med. Soc. State Pa. 1867, Sec. 1875 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. May, 1874-June, '77; Centennial Med. Commis. Sec. 1875-76; a Sec. Inter- nat. Med. Congr. 1876 ; Amer. Acad. Med., Sec. and Treas. 1878 ; Amer. Med. Assoc, Assist. Sec. 1876, Treasurer 1877 . ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1863 Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-65 ; Phys. Burd Orphan Asylum; Pa. Instit. for Instruct, of the Blind 1861; Director Mutual Aid. Assoc. Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Corresp. Sec. Alumni Assoc- Jefferson Med. Coll. ; P. Musical Fund Soc. Philad. *DUNGLIS0N, ROBLEY. June 18, 1838. b. Jan. 4, 1798. d. April 1, 1869. Licentiate Royal Coll. Surg. London 1819 ; M.D. 1824, Univ. Erlan- gen ; M.D., Honorary, 1825 Yale ; LL.D. 1852, Jefferson Coll. Canons- burg, Pa. Phys. Accoucheur Eastern Dispens. Lond. 1824 ; Prof. Med- Sciences Univ. Va. 1825 ; Prof. Mat. Med. Therapeutics, Hygiene and Med. Jurispr. University Md. 1833 ; Prof. Instit. Jefferson Med. Coll. Philad. June, 1836-68. Phys. Philad. Hosp. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1832, Sec. 1840-52, V. P. 1853-56, 1858-59 ; (Honorary) Med. Soc. State of New York Feb. 1833 ; Philad. Med. Soc. Feb. 1837 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Jan. 1853 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1857 ; Training School for Idiots, V. P. ; Musical Fund Society, P. ; Pa. Institution for Instruc- tion of the Blind, V. P. 1844; Chairman of the Faculty Univ. Va. DuxGLiso>-, Thomas R. (N. R.) July, 1871. b. March 10, 1837. A.B. 1855, A.M. 1858, Univ. Pa. ; M.D. 1859, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1872 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1877. DuNOT, Justus. (N. R.) Feb. 1849. DuNTOif, William R. April, 1860. b. March 10, 1831. A.B., M.D. 1853, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. ; Ob- stetrical Soc. Philad. Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 1863 ; Consult. Phys. Germantown Hosp. Edwards, Joseph F. Oct. 1882. b. Dec 8, 1853. M.D. 1874, Univ. Pa. ; A.M. 1880, Georgetown Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Philad. Medico-Legal Soc. Memb. State Board of Health, Pa. Resid. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1874; Assist. Surg. 2d Reg. Nat. Guard Pa. 1876, Surg. 1878. Al'l'KNDIX. 228 EnWARDS, WiiJ.iAM A. .I;ni. |s,s7. 1j. Auk- 20, 18fiO. iVI.I). ISSI, (Jniv. I'll. .Mcmh. I'al.l.oloKical Soo. I'liilad. \HH2; I'hila.l. Co. Mod. Sot;. IHH4; Med. Soc Slato I'a. ISH.',. IriHtr. Clinical .Med. and IMi.vH. Di.sixMiHiiry Cniv. I'a. lsH2; AssiHt. Patliolo^iHt I'hilad. Ho»p. JHS2--t Univ. IIonp. and I'liilad. Hosp. 187H; Coroner's J'liy.s. I'hilad. 1S84 . ; Librarian StilU'; Med. Library, Univ. I*a. 1878 . *FoULKE, John. dan. IT>!7. d. IT'.k;. M.D. J780, Coll. I'iiihid. IMiys. I'a. JIo.«p. 1784-94. Lectnrer on Anat. 1784-%. Menib. Amcr. l'iiilo.s. Hoc. Jan. 1784, Hcc 1780-89. *Fox, Gkoroe. Sept. is:',i. b. May 8. ISOO. d. Dec. 27, 18S2. A.B. 1S25, M D. 182S, Univ. I'a. Hur-,'. Wills ITosp. ]S:M-40; Surg. Pa. Hosp. 1848-54; St. Joseph's Female Orphan Asylum 18-38- .54. Memb. I'hilad. Med. Soc Feb. 1827; Acad. Nat. Sc Philad. May, 18.36- Jan. '42; Philad. Med. Soc.. V. P. 1849: Anier. Med. Assoc 1847; Treas. Med. Soc. State Pa. 1848-&2; Director National Bank of Com- merce 1876-82. Fox, Joseph M. May, 1885. b. July 16, 1855. M.D. 1877, Univ. Pa. Memb. Piiilad. Co. Med. Soc. 1886. Surg. Out-patients of Pa. Hosp. , of Children's Hosp.. and of Univ. Hosp. 1884. Fricke. Albert. Jan. 1864. Sept. 13, 181.5. M.D. Univ. Berlin, Piussia. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 18,59; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1849; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872; Historical Soc. Pa. 1880. Senior Phys. German Hosp. Philad. 1866-74. Gardette, Emile Blaise. July, 1870. b. Aug. 12, 1803. M.D. 1838, Jefferson :\Ieci. Coll. Memb. Acad. Xat. Sc. Philad. April, 1853-March, '6-5 ; French Soc. Bienfaisance Philad. ; Historical Soc. Pa. Trustee Jefferson Med. Coll. 1856, P. Board Trustees, March, 1876 . *Gebhard, Lewis P. April, 1828. b. June 14, 1791. d. Dec. 24, 1873. M.D. 1813, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1812; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1853, P. 1864; Northern Med. Assoc; Soc. Prevention Cruelty to Animals : Colonization Soc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1S64. Gerhard, George S. April, 1873. M.D. 1870, Univ. Pa. 15 226 APPENDIX. *Gerhard, William Wood. Sept. 1834. b. July 23, 1809. d. April 28,1872. A.B. 1826, Dickenson Coll. ; M.D. 1832, Univ. Pu. Resid. Pa. Hosp. 1S34-3G, Phys. 1845-68; Phys. Philad. Hosp. Menib. Phihid. Med. Soc. June, 1827 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1835 ; Pathological See. Philad., P. 1838; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1843. Asst. Prof. Instit.Med. Univ. Pa. 1838. Getchell, FEAifcis Horace. July, 1864. b. Dec. 8, 1836. M.D. 1859, Dartmouth Coll. ; M.D. 1872, Jefferson Med. Coll. Act Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-65 ; Gynecologist Jefferson Coll. Hosp. ; Ob- stetrician Catharine Street Dispensary. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. *GiBBOics, Henry. Aug. 1846. b. Sept. 8, 1808. d. Nov. 5, 1884. M.D. 1829, Univ. Pa. Memb. San Francisco Co. Med. Soc. P. ; State Med. Soc. Cal., P. 1857; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. July, 1844; Constit. California Acad. Nat. Sc, P. ; Cal. State Board of Health ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1852; Cal. State Prison Commission; Sons of Temperance; Los Augeles Co. Med. Soc; Amer. Med. Assoc 1849. Prof. Mat. Med. and Therapeutics Med. Dept. Univ. of the Pacific, 1861 ; Prof. Theory and Pract. Med. Cooper Med. Coll. Visit. Phys. St. Mary's Hosp. and Public Hosp., San Francisco. *GlBBONS, JOHX H. March, 1788. d. Oct. 5, 1795, set. 36. M.D. 1786, Edinb. Lecturer Pract. Med. 1789. *GlLBERT, David. Oct. 1853. d. July 28, 1868. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1850. Prof. Surgery Pa. Med. Coll. IIGlLBERT, W. Kent. July, 1863. b. Dec. 28, 1829. ft. July 3, 1878. d. June, 28, 1880. A. B. 1848, Pa. Coll. Gettysburg ; M.D. 1852, Pa. Med. Coll. Eesid. Philad. Hosp. Memb. Hist. Soc. Pa. ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. May, 1866. Coroner Philad. 1878-80. GiRViN, Robert M. March, 1885. b. Feb. 3, 1836. M.D. 1862, Jefferson Med. Coll. Obstetrician Philad. Hosp. 1866-76; Gynecologist Presbyterian Hosp. . Memb. Philad Co. Med. Soc. .; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. .; West Philad. Med. Soc. 1881. Given, Robert Aiken. Jan. 1848. b. March 15, 1816. M.D. 1839, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Delaware Co. Med. Soc. ; Philad. Neurological Soc. ; Assoc. Med. Superintendents of Amer. Instit. for the Insane ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855. Assist. Phys. Pa. Hosp. for Insane 1841-44; Phys. Eastern Penitentiary 1844-51; Superint. Burn Brae (Del. Co., Pa.) Hosp. for Mental and Nervous Dis- eases 1859 . AI'I'KNDIX. 227 HJjJONTWonTii, Okoimii;. .Imii. 17X7. h. July 22, 1 7-%. i«pen». 1882-80; St. Clement'a Dispcna. 1880; Southern Home for Children, 1883. Awst. DoinoMHlnitor Histology Univ. Pa., 188;{-80 .; AhhI. to Prof. Pnu't. Mud. Univ. Pa., 1880 .; Consult. Phyw. I3apti«t ()r|ili;in!igc, 1880 . "GlUKKlTTH,HAMUKrJ?owKi>. .Ian. 1787. })..Iuly 21, 17r)0. d. May 12, 1826. MM. 178], Univ., Stntc Pa. Attend. Pliys. Pliilad. Di.spen.s. Feb. 1786. Prof. Mat. Med. Univ. Pu. 17!)2-!>(i. Memb. Ainer. PJiiioH. Soc. Jan. 1788, Council. 17!)l-!»7. Griscom, John D. (N. R.) Aug. J842. March 25, 1809. M.D. 1838, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. See; Med. See. State Pa. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1837, Sec. 1839; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847. Manager Will's Hosp. 1839-41; Director of Public Schools, Philad. 1839. Phys. Northern Dispens. 1840; House of Refuge Philad. 1840-43. Gross, Ferdinand H. May, 1883. b. Aug. 18, 1831. M.D. 1855, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1868; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1872; Alumni Assoc. Jefferson Med. Coll. 1870; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1878; Philad. Acad. Surgery 1882; German Med. Soc. Philad. P. 1880; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. Philad. 1886. Surg. U. S. Vol. (Brevt. Lt.-Col.) 1861-05; Senior Surg. German Hosp. Philad. 1S74. *Gross, Samuel David. (Assoc. Aug. 1840.) Jan. 1857. b. July 8, 1805. d. May 6, 1884. M.D. 1828, Jefferson Med. Coll. LL D. 1861, Jefferson Coll.; 1884, Univ. Cambridge, Univ. Edinburgh, and Univ. Pa. ; D.C.L. 1872, Univ. Oxford. Demonstrator Anat. Med. Coll.'of Ohio 1833-35; Prof. Patho- logical Anat. Cincinnati Coll. 1835-39; Prof. Surg. Univ. Louisville 1840-49, 1851-56; Prof. Surgery Jefferson Med. Coll. 1856-82. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. P.; Constit. Pathological Soc. Philad. P.; Con- stit. Philad. Acad. Surgery P. ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Dec 1856-Feb. '78 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1854; Med. Soc. State Pa., P. Constit. Med. Jurisprudence Soc. Philad., P. Constit. Amer. Surg. Assoc, P. ; Massa- chusetts Med. Soc. ; Rhode Island Med. Soc. ; New York State Med. Soc; Acad. Med. New York ; Cincinnati Med. Soc. ; Ohio Hist, and Philos. Soc. ; Med. Soc. Louisiana; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1858, P. Nat. Assoc. Protection of the Insane; Amer. Pub. Health Assoc. ; Centen- nial Med. Commission Philad. 1875. P. ; luternat. Med. Cong., P. 1876; Pa. Dental Coll., P.; Hon. Memb. British Med. Assoc; Royal Med. and Chirurg. Soc. London; Clinical Soc. L'md.; Pathological Soc. Loud. ; Medico-Chirurgical Soc. Edinb. ; Imperial Med. Soc. Vienna ; 230 APPENDIX. Med. Soc. Chriatiania ; Royal Soc. Pab. Med. Belgium; Med. Soc. St. Louis Potosi. Gross, Samuel W. Oct. 1868. b. Feb. 4, 1837. M.D. 1857, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad.; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Med. Soc. State Pa. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1880. Surg. Jefferson Med. Coll. Hosp. Prof. Principles of Surgery and Clinical Surgery, Jefferson Med. Coll. . Grove, John H. April, 1871. b. Jan. 13, 1825. M.D. 1849, Univ. Pa. ; A.M. 1880, La Salle Coll.; LL.D. 1881, Man- hattan Coll. Memb. Lancaster Med. Soc. 1854; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1867; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1869; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1869; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1884. Surgeon U. S. Vol. Oct. 1861-Nov. '64; Brevt. Lt.-Col. U. S. V. Oct. 12, 1865. Surg. St. Mary's Hosp. 1868 . ; Med. Direct. St. Mary's Hosp. and St. Agnes Hosp. 1887. Hall, Andrew Douglass. Jan. 1863. b. July 2, 1833. A.B. 1851, Univ. Pa. ; M.D. 1854, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1870 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1876; Amer. Ophthalmological Soc. 1867. Surg. St. Mary's Hosp. 1867-72; Wills Hosp. 1863; Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-64. *Hall, James. Jan. 1787. d. Sept. 16, 1801. Attend. Phys. Philad. Dispens. Feb. 1786-87; Phys. Lazaretto 1800. *Hallowell, Edward. May, 1839. d. Feb. 20, 1860. M.D. 1830, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Feb. 1828; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Feb. 1834; Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1851 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1849; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1852. *Halsey, William S. Jan. 1870. d. March. 1874. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1857. An;er. Med. Assoc. 1858. ^Hamilton, George. April, 1865. b. Nov. 15, 1808. d. Oct. 30, 1885. M.D. 1831, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. P. 1868; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872. Hammond, William Alexander. (N. E.) July, 1859. b. Aug. 28, 1828. M.D. 1848, Univ. City of New York. Corres Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1853. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1859; New York Co. Med. Soc; New York Neurological Soc; New York Soc. Med. Jurisprudence; N. Y. State Med. Soc. ; Amer. Acad. Arts and Sc ; Corres. Anthropo- logical Instit. Great Britain and Ireland; Honorary, Royal Medico- Chirurgical Soc Edinb. ; British Med. Assoc; St. Andrew's Graduates Assoc ; Wiirtemburg Soc. Obstetricians and Surgeons ; Utrecht Soc. APPENDIX. 231 Arts iiii.l S(!. AhhIhI. Siir^. fl>l.J .lunc, 1H41», fCapt.) 18r,4-Oct. 1860; (r(;!i|)i)t.) AHHist. Stirf^. Mny, 1801, Siir^--^ J<'iije« of the Mind and Nervous Syst. Bellevue Med. (.'oil. 1867-74; Univ. City of New York 1874-82; New York Post (Jraduate Med. School and Hosp. 1882 . i'hys. in Chief Nc^w York State IIosp. for Disea-seB of the Nervous Syst. 18G8 . IMiys. Out-Dept. I5ellcvue Hoap. Ner- vous Discuses 18(18 . *Hani), Fkank C. April, 1881. d. Sept. t», 1881. Hanski.l, Howard Forde, Jan. 188G. b. Oct. 25, 1855. A.B. 1874, A.M. 1880, Brown Univ.; M.D. 1879, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1882; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1884; Amer. Acad. Medicine 1885. Surg. Eye and Ear Dept. South Western Hosp. 1881. Adjunct Prof. Diseases of Eye, Philad. Polyclinic, May, 1885- March, '87.; Chief Clinical Asst. Eye Dept. Jeflerson Med. Coll. Hosp. March, 1887. *Hare, Horace Binney. April, 1869. d. March 25, 1879. M.D. 18(3G, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Aug. 1867. Harlan, George C. Jan. 1865. b. Jan. 28, 1835. A.B. 1855, A.M. 1858, Del. Coll.; M.D. 1858, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1859; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1876; Amer. Ophthalmological Soc. 1873; Amer. Otological Soc. 1882 ; International Ophthalmological Soc. 1876 ; Internal. Med. Cong. 1876. Resid. Phys. Wills Hosp. 1857; St. .Joseph's Hosp. 1858; Pa. Hosp. 1859; Surg. St. Mary's Hosp.. 1867; Children's Hosp. 1869; Wills Hosp. 1868; Pa. Instit. for Instruction of the Blind, 1875; Eye and Ear Dept- Pa. Hosp. 1879 ; Act. Asst. Surg. U. S. Navy, 1861 ; Surg. 11th Pa. Cavalry Sept. 1861 ; Act. Med. Inspector June, 1863 ; Pension Exam. Surg. 1868; Prof. Diseases of the Eye, Philad. Polyclinic 1883; Consult. Ophthalmic Surg. Philad. Inst, for Deaf and Dumb 1885. Harlow, Lewis D. Jan. 1863. b. June 16, 1818. A.B. 1843, A.M. 1857', Dartmouth Coll. ; M.D. 1845, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Aug. 1857 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1860 ; Obstetri- cal Soc. Philad. 1869, P. 1878-80 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872 ; Amer. Acad. Med. 1880; Med, Soc. State Pa. 1884. Surg, in charge U. S. A. Hosp. George and Fourth St., Philad. 1862-63 ; Surg. U. S. V., in charge Hosp. No. 3, Nashville, Tenn., April, 1863-Dec. '63; in charge Officers" Hosp. Chattanooga and Lookout Mountain, Tenn., Jan. 1864— April, '65. [Brevt. Lt.-Col. and mustered out of service Aug. 1865.] Prof. Obstetrics and 232. APPENDIX. Diseases of Women and Children, Philad. Coll. Med. 1855-57, and Med. Dep. Pa. Coll. 1859-61. Consult. Obstetrician 1859-02, Philad. Hosp. II Harris, Robert. Jan. 1787. ft. Jan 4, 1803. b. 1772. d. Jan. 1815. The Coloniul Records and Pennsylvania Archives give us glimpses of Dr. Kohert Harris's career. Feb. 22, 1776, the Committee of Safety loaned him £110 to "assist him in forwarding the building of a powder mill and the manufacture of gunpowder." During 1776 ihe records show that he was supplied by the commitiee with five tons of saltpetre, and paid on account of his manufacture of gunpowder £450. When salt was scarce, and before the Pennsylvania Salt Works at Toms Eiver, N. J., were in woiking condition, Dr. Robert Harris proposed, August 9, 1777, to the Sujireme Executive Council to engage in the manufacture of salt, pro- vided that three-fourths of the necessary capital were furnished by the Council. From 1782-85 he was Surgeon's Mate of the 2d Eegt. He was appointed, June 24, 1786, a commissioner from York Co., Pa., to carry out an Act of As- sembly of March 31, 1784, declaring the Susquehanna and other streams public highways. June 5, 1788, a deed was executed conveying to him 151 acres of land in York Co., Pa., confiscated from John Rankin. He bought it October, 1779, for £4815, " which the said Robert Harris hath duly jiaid into the treasury." Harris, Robert P. April, 1862. b. Nov. 15, 1822. A.B. 1841, M.D. 1844, Univ. Pa. Eesid. Wills Hosp. 1844-45 ; Pa. Hosp. [1845^7 ; Ophthalmologist Demilt Dispens. 1852-55. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1856 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1858 ; Constit. Memb. Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1868, P. 1871 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872. Harte, Eichard H. May, 1885. b. Oct. 23, 1855. M.D. 1878, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1881. Surg. Out-patients Univ. Hosp. 1881 ; Out-patients Pa. Hosp. 1883 ; Assist. Surg. Univ. Hosp. 1883 ; Demonstrator Osteology Univ. Pa. 1885. *Hartshorne, Ebward. April, 1847. b. May 14, 1818. d. June 22, 1885. A.B. 1837, A.M. Coll. N. J. ; M.D. 1840, Univ. Pa. Resid. 1841-43, Attend. Surg. 1859-65 Pa. Hosp. ; Resid. Phys. Eastern Penitentiary Pa. 1843-44 ; Attend. Phys. Wills Hosp. ; Manager Episcopal Hosp. ; Manager Univ. Hosp. ; Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1858 ; Pathological Soc. Philad., P. ; Ophthalmological Soc, V. P. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1853 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. May 1847-80 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1858 ; Soc. Alumni Med. Dept. Univ. Pa. ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Histori- cal Soc. Pa. ; Princeton Alumni Assoc, of Philad., V. P. Hartshorxe, Henry. Oct. 1851. b. March 16, 1823. M.D. 1845, Univ. Pa. ; A.M. 1860, Haverford Coll. ; LL.D. 1884, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1852 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1852 ; APPENDIX. 2.'i3 Med. Soc. StJiln I'll., licconl. Sec. IK')H; Aciid. Nat. He, Philad. April, 1855; Arrn'i-. I'liiloK. Soc. .Fuly, IHO.'J; Ainer. AHMftc. Advanc. Sc. ; Arrier. Public Ilealtli Assoc, V. V. 1H74; Phiiad. Uliiiicai Hoc. 1«HG. lUmul. Pa. Hosp. 1845-48; Attend. Phys. Phiiad. flosp. 1856 ; EpiHcopal Ho«p. 18GO-(52; Consult. Phys. Woman's llosp. Phiiad. 1865-70. Prof. Physi- ology Phihul. 0)11. Medicine 185:5 ; Prof. Pract. Med. Pa. Coll. of Medi- cine 18()0; J'rof. Anat. :uid Physiology Central High School Phiiad. 18(J2-()S; Prof. Hygiene, Physiology, and Diseases of Children, Woman'H Med. Coll. Pa. lS(5,5-7(); Prof. Hygiene Univ. Pa. 1866-76 ; Prof. Physi- ology and Hygiene Pa. Coll. Dental Surgery, 1863-66 ; Prof. Organic So. and Philos. Haverford Coll. 1868-76; Prof. Anat., Physiology, and Nat. Hist. Girard College, 1872; P. Howland Collegiate School for Young Ladies, Union Springs, N. Y., 1876-78. *Hartshorne, Joseph. Dec. 1824. b. Dec. 26, 1779. d. Sept. 20, 1850. M.D. 1805, Univ. Pa. Resid. 1801-6, Attend. Surg. 1810-21 Pa. Hosp. Memb. Phiiad. Med. Soc. 1802 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1815. *Hassler, Ferdinand A. July, 1868. M.D. 1866, Univ. Pa. Hastings, John. (N. R.) April, 1849. M.D. 1840, Univ. Pa. Assist. Surg. U. S. Navy Sept. 1841-May, 1850. *Hatfield, Nathan L. Jan. 1855. b. Aug. 2, 1804. d. Aug. 29, 1887. A.B. Univ. Pa., M.D. 1826, Jeflferson Med. Coll. Memb. Northern Med. Assoc. Phiiad., P.; Phiiad. Co. Med. Soc; Board of Health Phiiad., P. 1846-48; Amer. Med. Assoc 1818; Med. Soc State Pa., V.P. 1866; Alumni Assoc Jeiferson Med. Coll., P. 1874; Rocky Moun- tain Med. Assoc. ; California State Med. Assoc. Consult. Phys. North- ern Dispeus. *Hayes, Isaac I. (N. R.) Jan. 1865. b. March 5, 1832. d. Dec 17, 1881. M.D. 1853, Univ. Pa. Surg. Second Grinnell Polar Exped. 1853-55. Commander Arctic Exploring Exped. 1850-Gl. Memb. Acad. Nat. So. Phiiad. Jan. 1856 ; Anthracite Coal Co. N. Y., P. 1865 ; N. Y\ State Assembly 1875-81. Brigade Surg. U. S. V. 1861-65. *Hays, Isaac. Sept. 1835. b. July 5, 1796. d. April 12, 1879. A.B. 1816, M.D. 1820, Univ. Pa. Surg. Pa. Infirm, for Diseases of the Eye and Ear, 1822-27 ; Wills Hosp. 1834-54; Phys. Phiiad. Orphans' Asjdum ; Phiiad. Dispens. ; Southern Dispens. ; Pa. Instit. for Instruct, of the Blind. Memb. Phiiad. Med. Soc. ; Med. Soc State Pa. ; Phiiad. Co. Med. Soc ; Kappa Lambda. Soc ; Alumni Assoc. Med. Dep. L'niv. Pa., V. P. ; Ophthalmological Soc Phiiad.. P. ; Corres. Gynecological Soc. Boston; Med. Soc. Hamburg; Soeiete L'niverselle d" Ophthalmo- logie; Cengres Medicale Internationale de Paris; (Honorary) Amer. 234 APPENDIX. Opbtlialmologicfil Soc. ; of the State Med. Societies of New York and Rhode Island; Med. Soc. Baltimore; Acad. Med. Abington, Va.; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847, Treasurer 1848-52, Chair. Com. Publicat. 1847-53; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. July, 1818, Pub. Com. Dec. 1821-Dec. '25, Curator 1821-31, P. Dec. 1865-Dec. '69. Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1830, Councillor 1853-77. Hays, I. Minis. Jan. 1872. b. July 26, 1847. A.B. 1866, M.D. 1868, Univ. Pa. Memb. Assoc. Amer. Phys ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Feb. 1886 ; Sec-General Inter- national Med. Congress 1876. Hearn, Joseph. April, 1882. M.D. 1867, Jefferson Med. Coll. Surg. Jefferson Med. Coll. Hosp. ; Philad. Hosp. ^Henderson, Andrew Augustus. July, 1864. b. Feb. 14, 1816. d. April 4, 1875. M.D. 1838, Jefferson Med. Coll. Asst. Surg. Sept. 1841, Surg. March, 1856, Med. Director March, 1871, U. S. Navy. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. July, 1848 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1862. *Henry, Bernard. April, 1851. d. July 4, 1860. M.D. 1849, Univ. Pa. Assist. Surg. U. S. Navy Nov. 1844-Oct. '50; Asst. Surg. First Troop Philad. Cavalry 1854. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. May, 1849. Henry, Frederick Porteous. June, 1884. b. July 21, 1844. M.D. 1868, Coll. Phys. and Surg. New York. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. (V. P. and Treasurer) 1870; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1878; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1879 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1880 ; Amer. Assoc. Phys. 1886. Prof. Pathology and Microscopy, Philad. Polyclinic 1882-85; Prof. Clin. Med. Philad. Polyclinic 1885. Phys. Episcopal Hosp. 1874; Consult. Phys. Home for Consumptives, 1882. IIHess, Egbert J. April, 1878. ft. Nov. 7, 1883. M.D. 1871, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. May, 1876, Re- corder Biolog. and Microscop. Sect. 1878 . Hewson, Addinell. Jan. 1853. M.D. 1850, Jefferson Med. Coll. Resid. 1851-52, Attend. Surg. 1861-77 Pa. Hosp. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Jan. 1853 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855. *Hewson, Thomas Tickell. Dec. 1801. b. April 9, 1773. d. Feb. 17,1848. A.B. 1789, Coll. Philad. ; M.D. 1822, Honorary, Univ. Harvard. Phys. Walnut Street Prison 1806 ; Philad. Hosp. 1811 ; Phys. Orphan Asylum APPENDIX. 235 lH17-.".7; Piir^. Tu. Ilosp. IHIH-.'i.'}. Mciiil). lO-liiil.. .M<A Vinci. Oct. 1885. b. Jan. 11, 1842. M.D. 1S77, Jilibraoii Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 18«1 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1884; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1886; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1886; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1886. Phys. Pa. Retreat for Blind Mutes and the Aged and Infirm, 1884. JuDSON, Oliver Albert. Oct. 1867. b. Sept. 28, 1830. M.D. 1851, Jefferson Med. Coll. Phys. Philad. Disp. 1852-56 ; Howard Hosp. 1856-61 ; Philad. Hosp. 1858-61; Brigade Surg. Vol. 1861, Brevt. Lt.-Col. 1865, Brevt. Col. 1865. Manager Burd Orphan Asylum 1868 -82; Manager Pa. Instit. for Instruct. Blind 1878; of Children's Hosp. Philad. 1879. JUEIST, Louis. Feb. 1886. b. April 10, 1855. M.D. 1880, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Pathological Soc. Philad. ; German Med. Soc. Philad. Chief of Throat Dept. Jefferson Med. Coll. Hosp. Lecturer on Laryngology, Jefferson Med. Coll. Keating, John M. Oct. 1877. M. D. 1878, Univ. Pa. Obstetrician Philad. Hosp. ; Phys. St. Joseph's Hosp. ; Maternity Hosp. Keating, William V. July, 1849. b. April 4, 1824. A.B. 1842, St. Mary's Coll. ; M.D. 1844, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1853; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., Jan. 1853; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1854 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1884. Consult. Phys. St. Joseph's Hosp. 1849 ; St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, 1850. Prof. Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children Jefferson Med. Coll. 1860-62. [Alarm- ing illness induced him to resign.] Med. Director U. S. A. Hosp. (Broad and Cherry Streets, Philad.), 1862-65. Manager Philad. Saving Fund, 1856. 240 APPENDIX. Keen, William W. Jan. 18G7. b. Jan. 19, 1837. A. B. 1>853, High School, Philad. and Brown Univ. 185'J; M.D. 1862, Jefferson Med. Coll. Act. Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 18G2-64. Memb. Acad. Nat. So. Philad. April, 1867; Sec. Philad. Pathological Soc; Constit. Amer. Surg. Assoc. ; Philad. Acad. Surg. ; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. Philad. ; Clinical Soc. Philad. ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc, V. P. 1887 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. July, 1884. Lect. Anat. and Operat. Surg. Philad. School of Anat. 1866-75; Lecturer on Pathol. Anat. Jefferson Med. Coll. Surg. St. Mary's Hosp. 1866; of Women's Hosp. 1884; of Mission Hosp. and of Philada. Home for Incurables. Prof. Principles and Practice of Surgery, Woman's Med. Coll. 1884; Prof. Artistic Anat. Pa. Acad. Fine Arts, 1876. IKeller, William. Jan. 1852. Ees. Feb. 5, 1862. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1848. IIKennedy, Alfred L. Jan. 1852. ft. March 7, 1883. M.D. 1848, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Med. Soc. State Pa. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1853. King, Charles Ray. (N. R.) Dec. 1844. b. March 16, 1813. A.B. 1831, Columbia Coll. N. Y., M.D. 1834, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. June, 1843; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847 ; New York His- torical Soc. ; Historical Soc. Pa. ; Overseer Philad. Divinity School P. E. Church 1862 . *KlNG, William M. Jan. 1864. b. June, 1836. d. March 14, 1880. M.D. 1858, Jefferson Med. Coll. Assist. Surg. Dec. 1858, Surg. Feb. 1870, Med. Inspector May, 1875, U. S. Navy. Memb. Acad Nat. Sc. Philad. Oct. 1869. Kirkbride, Joseph J. Oct. 1875. b. Aug. 4, 1842. Grad. Pharm. 1870, Philad. Coll. Pharm. ; M.D. 1872, Univ. Pa. Memb. Alumni Assoc. Philad. Coll. Pharm. 1870; Alumni Soc. Med. Dept. Univ. Pa. 1872 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1879 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1879; Photographic Soc. Philad. 1883; Franklin Institute Pa. 1884; Historical Soc. Pa. 1885. Phys. Out-patients Pa. Hosp. 1872; Exam. Phys. Mutual Benefit Life Ins. Co. 1873. *Kirkbride, Thomas S. Jan. 1839. b. July 31, 1809. d. April 16, 1885. M.D. 1832, Univ. Pa. ; LL.D. LaFayette Coll. Resid. Asylum [for the Insane] at Frankford, Pa. 1832-33; Pa. Hosp. 1833-35; Phys. in Chief and Superintendent Pa. Hosp. for the Insane 1840-85 ; Phys. House of Refuge 1840. Memb. Assoc. Med. Superintend. Amer. Institut. for the Insane, Oct. 1844, Sec. 1844-51, V. P. 1851-58, P. 1858-66 ; Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1831; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1851. Trustee Pa. State /M'l'KMHX. 241 Lunutic. II()H[). iit irurriHhur^f IHGI-G.'j. ViHit. J'liyH. ]H'.'.7-4\, ('(irrcH. Sec l«54--0!», V. P. \Hr>U-Hr>, I'll. TiiHtit. for IriKtruct. of the I'.liiul. •*Klai'I', .Ioski'Ii. April, IsiS. 1). Jiin. 17, IH17. <]. FeJi. 20, IMHO. M.l). Univ. J':i. \X'.','.}. A ( ^orponitor llowiinl Jhmp. IH-'iS. Memb. I'liilad. Co. Med. Hoc. *Klajm', Wii.LtAM irr.NRY. Aug. 1839. b. Oct. 14, 1808. d. Sept. 28, 1855. A.IJ. 1.S27, MI). 18.",0, Univ. Pa. Assist. Phys. Catharine Street Choloni lloHj). 1832; Pliys.Phihid. Co. Prison, 1838-52. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 18-11); Pliiiad. Co. Med. Soc. "KuiiN, AiUAf, Jan. 1787. b. Nov. 17, 1741. d. .July 5, 1817. M.D. 1767, Univ. Edinb. Director-General of Hospital Amer. Army. Phys. Pa. llosp. 1774-81, and 1782-98; Philad. Dispens. 1786. Prof. Mat. Med. and Botany, Coll. Philad. 1768 ; Prof. Theor. and Pract. Med. Univ. State Pa., 1789. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1768, Curator 1769-72, Council 1788-1806. *La.ius, D. Paul. July, 1849. d. Jan. 25, 1859. M.D. 1837, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1836; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Jan. 1849, P. 1853; Amer. :Med. Assoc. 1851; Northern Med. Assoc. 1858. *Lamb, John Ferguson. Jan. 1863. b. Dec. 28. 1791. d. April 26, 1869. M.D. 1820, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Oct. 1850, V. P. '52, P. '53 ; Northern Med. Assoc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1851 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. *Lang, Edmund. Nov. 1849. d. 1856. M.D. 1840, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1851 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1853. La Roche, C. Percy. (N. E.) July, 1865. M.D. 1856, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1858 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1873. fLA Roche, Rene. April, 1827. res. Jan. 1861. b. 1795. d. Dec. 9, 1872. M.D. 1820, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pa. Prison Soc. July, 1827; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Sept. 1823-Dec. '38 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. April, 1849; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847 ; Philad. Med. Soc. 1818, P. 1859; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1827 ; Med. Soc. State Pa., P. 1856-57; Pathological Soc, P.; Board of Health Philad.; Trustee Univ. Pa. Capt. Volun- teers 1812-15. *Leavitt, Thaddeus L. July, 1868. b. Sept. 20. 1840. d. Feb. 23. 1880. M.D. 1865, Univ. Pa. Act. Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-65. Phys. Germantown Dispens. 1866-77; Germautown Almshouse 1S67-S0; Ger- mantowu Hosp. 1870-79. 16 242 APPENDIX. IILeCotjtte, Johx L. Oct. 1864. b. May 13, 1825. ft. July 3, 1878. d. Nov. 15, 1883. A.B. 1842, St. Mary's Coll. Md.; M.D. 1846, Coll. Phys. and Surg. N. Y. Act. Surg, and Med. Director U. S. A. 1862-65. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Feb. 1845, Corres. Sec. 1852-59, V. P. 1874, Director Entomological Section 1876; Amer. Acad. Arts and Sc. 1848; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1853, Sec. 1855-79, V. P. 1880-83. Amer. Assoc. Advance. Sc, P. 1874; Soc. Royale des Sciences de Liege, Jan. 1852; Franklin Instit. Pa. 1852; Nat. Hist. Soc. Montreal 1853; Die Natur- forscher Gesellscbaft zu Leipzic, 1854; Soc. Imper. des Sc. Naturelle de Cherbourg 1854 ; Acad. Imper. des. Sc. Belles Lettres et Arts de Lyon, 1855 ; Acad. Literar. et Scientiar. Regia Borca Monachii, 1856 ; Royal Physical Soc. Edinb. 1857 ; Zoological Soc. London, 1857 ; Imper. Free Economic. Soc. St. Petersburg, 1857 ; Kaiserlich-Konigliche Geolog. Eeichsanstalt, Vienna, 1857 ; Soc. Entomolog. Rossica S. D. 1860 ; U. S. Nat. Acad. Sc. 1863; Soc. Entomolog. Beige, 1864; Linnean Soc. Lan- caster, Pa. 1864 ; Essex Instit. Salem, Mass. 1866 ; Chicago Acad. Sc. 1869 ; Buffiilo Soc. Nat. Sc. 1873 ; Cambridge Entomolog. Club, 1876 ; Davenport (Iowa) Acad. Nat. Sc. Honor. Memb. Der Entomologische Verein zu Stettin, 1859 ; Entomolog. Soc. London, 1863 ; Entomolog. Soc. Canada, 1868 ; Soc. Entomolog. de France, 1879 ; Die Deutsche Entomologische Gesellschaft, Berlin 1881. *Leedom, J. M. April, 1864. d. Jan. 8, 1885. M.D. 1859, Univ. Pa. Leffmanx, Henry. Dec. 1883. b. Sept. 9, 1847. M.D. 1869, Jefferson Med. Coll.; Ph.D. (Honorary) Wagner Free Inst. Sc. 1883 ; D.D.S. Pa. Coll. Dental Surg. 1884. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Sept. 1872; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1879, Record Sec. 1880 -84; Soc. Public Analysts of England 1881; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. Philad. 1883, Sec. ah origine; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1881. Assist. Prof. Chemistiy Central High School Philad. 1876-80 ; Demonstrator Chem- istry Jefferson Med. Coll. 1884-85; Prof. Chemistry Philad. Polyclinic 1883-84; Prof. Chemistry Pa. Coll. Dent. Surg. 1883— also in Wagner Free Inst. Sc. 1875. Port Phys. Philad. 1885-87. Incorporator Amer. Soc. for Prevent. Adulterat. of Food, March, 1885. *Leib, Michael. March, 1788. b. 1759. d. Dec. 28, 1822. Attend. Phys. Philad. Dispens. 1786-93; Attend. Phys. Bush Hill Hosp. Sept. 12, 1793. Memb. Pa. Prison Soc. April, 1789 ; Democratic Soc. and Sec. German Republican Soc. 1793. Represent, from Philad. Co. Legislature Pa. 1797-98—1815-16. Presidential Elector 1808. Lazaretto Phys. Sept. 1 800. Memb. Congress 1799-1806 ; U. S. Senator 1808-14; Postmaster Philad. 1814; Prothonotary U. S. District Court Philad. Nov. 15, 1822. APPENDIX. 243 [It was dotermiriod, f^".])t. I8II1, Unit Drs. Loih, Vhyt^'uU, Cat)K;rftl, Hnd Annan should liavo ontini dintclion of iho JJiish Hill JIoHpital, attend there daily at 11 o'clock A.M., and inrh receive two guineas a visit. They declined. The conimitteo ordered, Nov. Dili, their hillw to be ])aid, as follows: Dr. Physick 5 vit^its, £17.10; Dr. Catheral 2 visits, £7; Dr. Leib 3 visits, £10, and Dr. Annan 2 visits, £7. Sopt,. 22. Dr. Jkiijatniii Diidicld pmfcrred his services which were accepted, Nov. 21. I'ho President was rwjuostcd to communicate to Dr. IJenjamin Duf- fleld the thanks of the commitlco "for his attention to the afilicted at the hos- pital, and to deliver to him a check for Jf.'JOO." [•^'«'', Minutes of I'rofeedinga of the Committee, appointed Sept. 14, 1703, by the citizens of Philadelphia, Northern Liberties, and Bouthwark, to attend to alleviate the sufferings of the afflicted with malignant fever. 8vo. p. 22.3.] [See, Martin's Bench and Bar, by John Hill Martin, Philad., 1883. Also, Colonial liecords and Pennsylvania Archives; and Congre.'sional Directory, by Ben. Perley Poore, Boston, 1878.] [No record of the early life of Dr. Leib lia.s been found. Ben. Perley Poore, in his Congressional Directory, states that he was born in Philadel- phia in 1751), and died there Dec. 28, 1822. Michael Leib was one of the corporators of the College of Physicians. He was an apprentice of Dr. Benjamin Rush. Probably he began to practise medicine as soon as he was "out of his time." His name is not on the catalogue of the only med- ical school in Philadelphia prior to his death. There is nothing to suggest that he was ever abroad. It is presumed, therefore, that he never obtained any collegiate degree in medicine. The records show that he was engaged in politics during the last twenty- five years of his life. It was said that he " rocked the cradle of Demo- cracy " iu the Northern Liberties, from which it may be fairly inferred that he was an earnest and popular democratic politician.] Leidy, Joseph. Aug. 1851. b. Sept. 9, 1823. M.D. 1844, Univ. Pa. ; LL.D. 1886, Univ. Harvard. Prosector Anat., Prof. Anat. 1853, Univ. Pa. . ; Director and Prof. Zoology and Cora- par. Anat. Biological Dept. 1884, Univ. Pa. . ; Prof. Nat. Hist. Swarth- more Coll. 1871-85; P. Faculty Wagner Free Instit. Sc. 1885; Demon- strator Anat. Franklin Med. Coll. 1847-52. Merab. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. July, 1845, P. 1882; Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1849; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1854; Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 1845; New York Acad. Sc. 1848; Hesse Nat. Hist. Soc. 1848; Amer. Acad. Arts and Sc. 1849; Biological Soc. Paris, 1851; Moscow Soc. Naturalists, 1852; Mons. Soc. Sc. 1854; Elliot Soc. Nat. Hist. Charleston, S. C. 1855; St. Louis Acad. Sc. 1856; Loudon Zoological Soc. 1857; Leopold Carol. Acad. Sc, Bonn, 1857; Munich Acad. Sc 1858; Prague Bohem. Acad. Sc 1860; Zoological and Botan. Soc. Vienna, 1861; Econom Agricult. Acad. Florence, 1861; Geological Soc. London, 1863; Nat. 244 APPENDIX. Hist. Soc. Dublin, 1863; National xVcad. Sc. U. S. 1863; Essex Instit. Salem, Mass. 1866; Linnean Soc. London, 1872; Anthropological Soc. London, 1872; Cherbourg Soc. Nat. Sc. 1873; Nat. Hist. Soc. Mexico, 1874; Liverpool Lit. and Philos. Soc, 1877; Washington Biological Soc. 1884; Copenhagen Soc. Sc. 1886. Pathologist St. Joseph's Hosp. 1852; Contract. Surg. U. S. A. General Hosp. Philad. 1862-65. Leidy, Philip. June, 1885. b. Dec. 29, 1838. M.D. 1859, Univ. Pa. Memb. Medico-Chirurgical Soc. P. 1868; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1870; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1876; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1878; Juniata Valley Med. Soc. 1882; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. Philad. 1883; Neurological Soc. Philad. 1886; Northern Med. Soc. Philad. P. 1885. Eesid. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1859-61 ; Surg. U. S. Vol. 1861-65; U.S. Exam. Surg, for Pensions 1866-70; Port Phys. Philad. 1874-83; Consult. Phys. Home for Incurables 1875-78; Con- sult. Phj^s. Odd Fellows' Home 1878-87; Phys. in Chief, Philad. Hosp. Insane Dept., 1886; Consult. Phys. Philad. Hosp. for the Insane, 1887 ; Memb. (Sectional) Board of Education. fLEVlCK, James J. April, 1851. res. Sept. 1868. M.D. 1847, Univ. Pa. ; A.M. 1884, Haverford Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1853; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1865 .; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1864; Historical Soc. Pa. 1855. Eesid. 1849-51, Phys. 1856-68 Pa. Hosp; Phys. Wills Hosp. 1853-65; Magdalen Asylum, 1852 . Lewis, Francis W. July, 1855. b. June 17, 1825. M.D. 1846, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Oct. 1849; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1860; Pa. Prison Soc. Feb. 1865 ; His- torical Soc. Pa. Phys. Children's Hosp. 1855-65 ; Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. Hosp. Philad. and Harrisburg, Pa. 1862-64; Surg. St. Joseph's Hosp. 1863. "Lewis, Frederick W. Jan. 1870. d. Dec. 8, 1873. M.D. 1867, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1868. Lewis, Morris James. Jan. 1877. b. March 25, 1852. A.B. 1871, A.M. Ph.D. M.D. 1874, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad.; Philad. Neurological Soc. Eesid. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1874 -75; Disp. Phys. Children's Hosp. 1877; Disp. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1880 -81 ; Assist. Phys. Orthopoedic Hosp. 1877 ; Phys. Episcopal Hosp. 1881 ; Children's Hosp. 1885. Lewis, Samuel. Feb. 1840. b. Nov. 16, 1813. M.D. 1840, Edinb., M.E.C.S. Eng. 1839. Memb. of the Koyal Med. and Eoyal Physical Societies Edinb. 1840; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Oct. 1855 . ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1851 ; Constit. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1860; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. AJ'J'KNDIX. 245 *LrrrKM., S. Med. Soc. 1877; DcrnmUjlogical Ahhoc, *Mayiujry, WrLMAM. .I;ui. 18r,2. b. Juno .",, 1810. d. Nov. 20, 1873. A. 15. IHK). Miirsliiill (JoU.; M.IX 1843, Univ. I'a. Memb. I'bilad. Co. Med. Soc. V. r. 1858; Northern Med. Assoc. 185!) P.; Acad. Nat. He. riulad. Oct. ISOO-Auf,'. 7.".; Mod. Soc. State Pa. 1'. 18GG; Ilist/jrical Soc. Pa.; Franklin Instil. Pa. ; Amcr. Med. A.ssoc. 1847. P. Managers Episcopal irosj). ; Trustee Franklin and Marshall Coll. MAYfiR, Edward R. (N. R.) 1850. b. .July 18, 182.",. A.B. 1841, A.M., M.D. 1844, Univ. Pa. Momb. J>U7,crne Co. Med. Soc. April, ISlil ; Amcr. Med. Assoc. 1878. Senior Consult. Phys. and Dean of Stall", Wilkcsbarre City Hosp. 1871. Mays, Thomas .J. Oct. 1855. b. July 10, 1846. M.D. 1808, Jefferson Med. Coll. Merab. Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Deutsche Medizinischc Gcsellschaft Philad.; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1876. Adjunct. Prof. Chest Diseases, Philad. Polyclinic. Mears, J. EwiNG. Oct. 18()8. b. Oct. 17, 1838. A.B., B.S. 1858, A.M. 1876, Trinity Coll; M.D. 1865, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1864, Sec. 1868-71, V. P. 1876- 77, 1878-81; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1870-Oct. 77; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1870; Constituent, Philad. Acad. Surgery, Sec. 1880-84, Re- corder 1884 ; Constituent, Amer. Surg. Assoc. 1880, Recorder 1881 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1882; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1883. Prof. Anat. and Surg. Pa. Coll. Dental Surgery, 1870 ; of Dental Surgery, Jefferson Med. Coll. 1872. Surg. St. Mary's Hosp. 1870 ; Gynecologist Jefferson Med. Coll. Hosp. 1876^ Meigs, Arthur V. April, 1875. b. Nov. 1, 1860 M.D. 1871, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad.; Obstetrical Soc. Philad.; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Resid. Pa. Hosp. Oct. 1872- 1874; (lately) Asst. Phys. Children's Hosp. Southern Home for Friend- less Children ; Consult. Phys. Pa. lustit. for Instruct, of the Blind ; Phys. Pa. Hosp. *MeiCtS, Charles D. April, 1827. b. Feb. 19, 1792. d. June 22, 1869. A.B. 1809, Univ. Georgia; M.D. 1817, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1816 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Feb. 1818-Sept. "22. and April, '4S-March, "62. Consult. Phys. and Instituent Memb. Board of Managers 1833-69. Pa. Instit. for Instruct, of the Blind; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1826, Councillor 1832-58 ; Kappa Lambda Soc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Society of Swedish Physicians 248 APPENDIX. 1854 ; Corres. Hunterian Soc. 1854. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1838-49. Prof. Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children Jefferson Med. Coll. 1841-01. *Meigs, James Aitkix. Oct. 1856. b. July 31, 1829. d. Nov. 9, 1879. A.B. 1848, Central High School, Philad. ; M.D. 1831, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Franklin Instit. Pa. ; Acad. Nat. Se. Philad. April, 1852, Libr. Aug. 1856-May 31 '59 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1858 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. ; Historical Soc. Wisconsin ; Medico-Legal Soc. N. Y. ; Antiquarian Soc. Philad. ; New York Lyceum Nat. Hist. ; Soci(^te d'Anthropologie de Paris ; Ethnological Soc. London ; Anthro- pological Soc. Lond. ; Societas Medicorum Svecanae, Stockholm. Attend. Phys. Howard Hosp. 1855-68 ; Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1868-79 ; Phys. Philad. Hosp. Lecturer Instit. Med. Philad. Coll. Med. 1857-59 ; Prof, of Pa. Med. Coll. 1859-61 ; Prof. Instit. Med. and Med. Jurisprudence, Jef- ferson Med. Coll. 1868. Trustee Polytechnic Coll. ; Trustee Pa. Coll. Dental Surg. *Meigs, John Forsyth. June, 1843. b. Oct. 3, 1818. d. Dec. 16, 1882. M.D. 1838, Uni%'. Pa. Resid. 1838-40, Att. Phys. 1859-82, Pa. Hosp. Consult. Phys. Children's Hosp. and of the Pa. Instit. for Instruct, of the Blind, 1870. Lecturer on Obstetrics, on Practice of Med. , on Diseases of Children, Philad. Assoc, for Med. Instruction, 1843. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1841 ; Acad. Nat. Sc Philad. April, 1852 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1852 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. ; Ob- stetrical Soc. Philad. ; Philad. Co. Med Soc. Mifflin, Houston. (N. R.) Dec. 1884. b. Sept. 29, 1850 M.D. 1879, Univ. Pa. Resid. Pa. Hosp. Feb. 1881-June, '82. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Oct. 1884. Mills, Charles K. Jan. 1881. b. Dec. 4, 1845. A.B. 1864, A.M. Central High School, Philad. ; M.D. 1869, Ph.D. 1871, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1870-77 ; Northern Med. Assoc. Philad. 1870 ; Franklin Instit. Pa. 1871 ; Amer. 3Ied. Assoc. 1872; Centennial Med. Commis. 1875-76; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1876 ; Internat. Med. Congress, 1876 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1878, V. P. 1884; Amer. Neurologic. Assoc. 1881, P. 1886-87; Nat. Assoc. Protection of the Insane and Prevention of Insanity, 1882; Lehigh Valley Med. Soc. 1883; Philad. Neurological Soc. 1884, V. P. 1884-87; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. Philad. 1884, V. P. 1885-87 ; Amer. Soc. Physical Research, 1885, P. Philad. Branch 1885; Philad. Co. Med. Soc, V. P. 1881-82, Censor, 1883-86. Lecturer on Physics, Wagner Free Instit. Sc. 1870-73; Franklin Instit. Pa. 1872 ; on Electro-therapeut. Univ. Pa. 1877-82 ; on Mental Dis. Univ. Pa. 1881 ; on Nervous, APPENDIX. 24f* Moiiliil l)i,s(;iH(!H, jukI Kloctro-thcriipciil. WoniarrH Merl. Coll. I'a. ]HH2 ; Tliy.M. Norllu'rii Dispcris. 1871-74 ; Dcpl,. for NcrvoUH l)\t ; Chief of DinponH. for Ncivomh DiscuHcs, Univ. Howp. 1874-82; Neurologist Philad. IIosp. 1877, and Howard liosp. 187'J-85; CoriHult. J'h.VH. State IIoH]). (or Insane, Norristown, l^a., 1880; Consult. ]'hys. Pa. Training S(!li()ol (or FeeVilc-ininded Children, 1882; also, Insane Dept. I'hilad. ITosp. ISS4. Prof. Diseai^es of the Mind and Nervous Sywt. I'hilad. Polyclinic and Coll. for Graduates in Med. 1 884. *MiNNiCK, Joseph P. Aug. 1801. (Elected Assoc.) *MiTCiiELL, John Kearsley. Aug. 1827. b. March 12, 17!).'5. d. April 4, 18r)8. A.B. Edinb.; M.D. 1819, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. July, 1822; Amer. Philos. Soc. July, 1827; Philad. Med. Soc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847 ; Philad. Co. Jlcd. Soc. Oct. 18,^)0. Lcclurcr on Chem- istry in Philad. Med. Institute, 1823-32; in Franklin Instit. Pa. 1826-40; on Theory and Pract. Med. in Philad. Med. Instit. 1832-40; Prof. Theory and Pract. Med. Jefferson Med. Coll. 1841-58. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1827-34. Mitchell, S. Weir. Jan. 1856. b. Feb. 15, 1829. M.D. 1850, Jefferson Med. Coll.; LL.D. 1886, Harvard Univ. Cor- res. British Med. Assoc. 1860; Boston Med. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1861; Soci6t6 Academique La Loire Inferieure, 1872; New York Acad. Med. 1874; Honorary, Gynecological Soc. 1870; St. Andrew's Med. Grad. Assoc. 1867; London Med. Soc. 1878; Med. Soc. of New Jersey, 1870; Med. Soc. State of N. Y. 1877 ; Foreign Associate Med. Soc. Nor- way, 1871; Philad. Med. Soc. April, 1852. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Sept. 1853, Biolog. and Microsc. Section 1858-77, Director 1868-71; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1862; Amer. Acad. Arts and Sc. (Associate) 1865; National Acad. Sc. U. S. Amer. 1865; Pathological Soc. Philad. P. 1869; Med. Soc. State of New Jersey, 1878; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1878 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1880 ; Amer. Assoc. Phys. and Pathologists, P. 1886. Trustee Univ. Pa. ; Director Philad. Lib. Co. Phys. Southern Dispens. Philad. 1866; St. Joseph's Hosp. 1858; Sani- tary Inspector U. S. A. ; Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. Army Hosp. for Dis- eases and Injuries of the Nervous System, 1863 ; Visit. Phys. Pa. Inst, for Instruct, of the Blind, 1861-67; Phys. Presbyterian Hosp. 1872; Orthopaedic Hosp. and Infirmary for Nervous Diseases, 1872 ; Consult. Phys. State Lying-in Hosp. and Infirm. 1872; Insane Dept. Philad. Hosp. 1884. *MoEHRiXG, GoTTHiLF. June, 1842. b. Dec. 14, 1802. d. Oct. 9, 1881. M.D. 1825, Univ. Berlin. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. April, 1S49. Phvs. German Benevolent Soc. Philad. 250 APPENDIX. MoxTGO^[ERY, Edward E. Oct. 1882. b. May 15, 1849. B.S. 1871, Denison Univ. 0. ; M.D. 1874, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 187(5; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1882; Piiilad. Clinical Soc. 1885, P. ; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1885, V. P. Resid. Phys. Philad. Hosp. April, 1874, Jan. '75, Obstetrician Philad. Hosp. 1877-80. Prof. Didactic and Clinic. Gynecology, Medico-Chirurgical Coll. Philad. 1886 ; Gynecologist Medico-Chirurgical Hosp. Philad. 1886. *MooRE, Charles. April, 1787. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1773-74. *M00RE, John. Aug. 1815. b. May 4, 1778. d. May 23, 1836. M.D. 1800, Univ. Pa. Obstetrician Pa. Hosp. 1820-29. tMooRE, John AVilson. Dec. 1817. res. Feb. 2, 1859. d. June 25, 1865. M.D. 1812, Univ. Pa. Eesid. 1808-13, Phys. 1821-27. Pa. Hosp. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. 1814; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. April, 1849. Morehouse, George R. July, 1863. M.D. 1875, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Aug. 1856; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1877, Council. 1882 . Phys. St. Joseph's Hosp. ^Morgan, John. Jan. 1787. b. 1735. d. Oct. 15. 1789. A.B. 1757, Coll. Philad. ; M.D. 1763, Edinb. Corres. Royal Acad. Surgery, Paris, 1864. Memb. Arcadian Belle Lettres Soc. Rome, 1764; F.R.S., London ; Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, London, and Edinb. 1765 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. 1766. Prof. Theory and Prac. Med. Dept. Coll. Philad. 1765. Director-General of the Military Hospitals and Phys. in Chief of the Amer. Army 1775-77. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1773-77 and 1778-83. *M0RRis, Caspar. Sept. 1839. b. May 2, 1805. d. March 17, 1884. M D. 1826, Univ. Pa. Resid. Pa. Hosp. 1824^27. Memb. Acad. Nat. So. Philad. June, 1829-Dec. 1838; Bishop White Prayer Book Soc. 1834; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. 1857-Dec. '60. Lecturer on Pract. Med., Philad. Med. Instit. 1838-44; on Diseases of Children 1856-58 Philad. Hosp., Phys. House of Refuge 1832-34; Visit. Phys. 1834-41, a Manager 1849-59, V. P. 1860-70 Pa. Instit. for the Instruc- tion of the Blind ; an Instituent Manager of the Episcopal Hospital 1851-84. Morris, Caspar. May, 1886. M.D. 1878, Univ. Pa. APPENDIX. 251 MoRiUH, IIknry. M;iy, 1883. M.I). 1.S78, JcilfcrBon Med. Coll. MoKRiH, .1. CiiKHTON. Oct. 185(5. b. May 28, 18;{1. A.iJ. J 851, A.M., M.D. 1854, Univ. Pa. Memh. Acad. Nat. He. I'hilad. Oct. 1854; Amor. Med. Assoc. 1858; Franklin Instit. Pa. Dec. 1870; Amor. IMiilos. Soc. .Inn. 188.S; Pa. llorticiiltural Soc. 1880; Pliihid.Co. ObHteitricui Sdc. riiihid.; Amer. Acad. Med. ; Ainer. Pub. Health Ahsoc, PhyH. Pliilad. Disi^ens. 1854-57; Moyainensing House of Inrlustry; Foster Home for Children, 1857-03 ; AshIsI. 8urg. 1854-57, Attend. Phya. 1867-72 Episcopal Hosp. ; Consult. Phys. Sheltering Arms 1882 . ]| Morris, John. Jan. 1787. b. Oct. 27, 1759. ft. 1780. d. Sept. 1793. M.D. 1783. Univ. State I'a. Attend. Phy.s. Philad. Dispens. Feb. 1786. ^Morton, Samuel George. Jan. 1845. b. .Tan. 26, 1799. d. May 15, 1851. M.D. 1820, Univ. Pa., 1823, Edin. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1829. Lec- turer Pract. Med. Philad. Assoc, for Med. Instruct. 1830; Prof. Anat. Pa. Med. Coll. 1839-43. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1819; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1820, Record. Sec. 1825, '29, Curator 1831-34, Corres. Sec. 1831, May, '40, V. P. May, 1840-Dec. '49, P. Dec. 1849-May 15, '51 ; Pa. Prison Soc. Nov. 1827 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1828 ; Philad. Med. Soc; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847; Massachusetts Med. Soc. ; Western Acad. Nat. Sc. St. Louis, Mo. ; Georgia Historical Soc. ; Lyceum of Nat. Hist, of New York ; Boston Soc. Nat. History ; Amer. Oriental Soc. Boston; Amer. Ethnological Soc. N.Y.; Med. Soc, Sweden; Royal Botan. Soc, Ratisbon ; Acad. Sc. and Letters, Palermo ; Royal Soc. Northern Antiquaries, Copenhagen; Acad. Sc, Letters, and Arts de Zelanti di Arci-reale; Imperial Soc. Naturalists, Moscow; Med. Soc. Ediuburg; Senckenburg Nat. Hist. Soc, Frankfort-on-Mayne. Morton, Thomas G. July, 1861. b. Aug. 8, 1835. M.D. 1856, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1856; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1864; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. (res.); Instit. Memb. Patho- logical Soc. Philad. ; Amer. Surgical Assoc. 1880 ; Philad. Acad. Sur- gery. Commissioner of Public Charities Pa. 1883 ; Chairman Lunacy Commiss. Pa. 1886 ; Commiss. Pa. for Erection Norristown Hosp. ; Amer. Soc. for Restriction of Vivisection, P. 1885-86 ; Soc. for Protec- tion of Children from Cruelty, V. P. Resid. Phys. St. Joseph's Hosp. 1856 ; Wills Hosp. 1S57 ; Pa. Hosp. 1857-58, Surg. Wills Hosp. 1S59-74, Emeritus '74; Consult. Surg. Pa. Instit. for Instruct of the Blind 1862; Woman's Hosp. 1870; Surg. Feb. 1864 . Pa. Ho.<5p.; Pathologist and Curator 1860-64, Surg. Jewish Hosp. 1870; Consult. Surg. Pa. Instit. for Deaf and Dumb, 1SS5 ; Surg, and a Founder Orthopoedic Hosp. 1SG7 ; Phys. Howard Home 1S65-75 ; Surg.-iu-Chief U. S. A. 252 APPENDIX. Hosp. Philad. 1S63 ; Consult. Surg. U. S. A. (Mower) Hosp. 1863; Prof, of Cliuical and Operat. Surgery, Philad. Polyclinic and Coll. for Graduates. Moss, William. Oct. 1864. b. May 8, 1833. M.D. 1855, Jefferson Med. Coll. Surg. 6tli Pa. Cavalry, 1861 ; U. S. Volunteers 1862. MussER, John Here. Oct. 1882. b. June 22, 1856. M.D. 1877, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1879 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1880; Neurological Soc. Philad. 1886; West Philad. Med. Soc. 1885; Amer. Climatological Soc. 188G; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1883. Corres. Sec. 1881-87. Med. Registrar Univ. Hosp. 1878-81 ; Chief Med. Dispensary Univ. Hosp. 1881; Pathologist Presbyterian Hosp. 1884; Attending Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1885. MussEB, Milton B. Oct. 1884. b. Oct. 20, 1846. M.D. 1868, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1871 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1871 ; West Philad. Med. Soc. 1879, P. 1881. Phys. Old Men's Home, 1872 ; Obstetrician Philad. Hosp. 1877 ; Con- sult. Phys. Educat. Home for Boys, 1878. *MuTTER, Thomas Dent. May, 1836. b. April, 1811. d. March 16, 1859. A.B. Hampden Sidney Coll. Va. ; M.D. 1831, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1829 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. July, 1853, Rec Sec. 1835-36; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Oct. 1850; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1851. Prof. Surgery Jefferson Med. Coll. 1841-56. *Nebingeii, Andrew. April, 1865. b. Dec. 12, 1819. d. April 12, 1886. M.D. 1850, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. July, 1855, Treasr. V. P. and P. 1870 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1858 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. July, 1866 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. V. P., P. 1879; Northern Med. Assoc; Historical Soc. Pa.; Franklin Instit. Pa. Manager Wills Eye Hosp. Memb. Board of Education Philad. 1868-86. Med. Director St. Mary's Hosp. ; Surg. Cooper Shop Volunteer Hosp. Philad. ; Cor- porator Cooper Shop Soldiers' Home. Neff, Joseph Seal. Jan. 1886. b. Feb. 27, 1854. A.B. 1873, A.M. 1876, Univ. Pa.; M.D. 1875, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. June, 1880; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1879; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. Philad. 1885. Phys. Out-patients Dept. Pa. Hosp. 1879-87 ; Attend. Phys. Jefferson Med. Coll. Hosp. 1882 . ; Philad. Hosp. 1884 .; Coroner's Phys. 1881-83; Assist. Phys. Or- thopoedic Hosp. 1879-81. INeill, Benjamin D. Feb. 1839. res. Oct. 1840. M.D. 1833, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1831. APPKNIJIX. 2oJ "Nkjli., Ill ONIIY. J 11 lie , l.sil. 1.. I7x:!. ( 1. Oct. 7, \H4r>. M.D. I.S07, I liiiv. I'n. I'h.vH. I'liihul. Ilo.j.. ■ riiihifi. I'i.HJKTlH. ; Will nut St. I'riHdii. *Mjciu., John. All-,^ LSIO. h. July ',), ISI'.J. d. Vv,\>. II, l.s.so. A.B. 1837, A.M., M.D. ]840, Univ. Pa. Kosid. 1840^1, Hurg. 1847, Wills Hosp. Surg. Ph. Ilosp. 1852-59; Surg. Philiul. IIoHp. Phya. SouthfiiMt Cliolcni HoH]). 184!). (Jontract. .Surg. U. 8. Army 18Gl-«2; Med. Director Home fiiiiinl, Surg. Vol. I8(;2, .Mod. Director 180.'{; Pf>st Surg. Philiid. 18G.^>-7G; Surg. J'a. Iiislil. for the Deaf and Dundj, 1865; Surg. Presbyterian llosj). Assist. Denionst. Anat. 1842, Demonstrator Anat. 1845; Prof. Clinical Surgery 1874, '75, emeritus, Univ. Pa. Lec- turer on Anat. Philad. Med. Inst. 1846-50. Prof. Surgery Pa. Med. Coll. 1854-59. Memb. Anier. Med. Assoc. 1847 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Jan. 1849; Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1838, V. P. 1859; Amcr. Philos. Soc. May, 1852. *Newbolp, George L. Nov. 1843. M.D. 1840, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1839; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. fNoBLE, Charles. March, 1836. M.D. 1827, Univ. Pa. *N0RRIS, George W. June, 1839. b. Nov. (5, 1808. d. March 4, 1875. A.B. 1827, M.D. 1830, Univ. Pa. Eesid. Phys. 1830-33 ; Surg. 1836 -63 Pa. IIosp. ; Consult. Surg. Orthopcedic Hosp. ; of Children's Hosp., P. Board of Managers; Prof. Clinical Surg. Univ. Pa. Memb. Societe Medicale d'Observatiou, Paris, 1834; Hiilad. Med. Soc. V. P. 1859 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847, V. P. 1850-51 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. May, 1858 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1844 ; Historical Soc. Pa. P. Director Philad. Lib. Co. ; Director Mutual Fire Ins. Co. ; Philad. Savings Fund Soc. ; TrWee Univ. Pa. NoRRis, Herbert. July, 1S(.)9. M.D. 1866, Univ. Pa. Phys. Catharine St. Dispons. Amer. :\Ied. Assoc. 1872. NoRRis, Jr., Isaac. April, 1865. b. June 12, 1834. A.B. 1852, A.M., M.D. 1855, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Jan. 1861, Treas. of its Biolog. and Microscop. Sect. 1872 . ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1872 ; Franklin Instit. Pa. 1866, Sec. March, 1S79, Jan. '82, Manager ; Historical Soc. Pa. June, 1859. Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. Oct. 1862-65 : Prof. Chemistry, Central High School, Philad. Aug. 1866-Feb. 76. Phys. Philad. Dispensary, 1865-67. 254 APPENDIX. *N0RRis, John C. Jan. 1870. b. Oct. 2, 1834. d. March 13, 1885. M.D. 18G2, Jefferson Med. Coll. Act. Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 1862-64. NoRRis, William F. Jan. 18G6. b. Jan. 0, 1839. A.B. 1858, A.M., M.D. 1861, Univ. Pa. Resid. Pa. Hosp. 1861-63; Assist. Surg. U. S. A. 1863-65. Merab. Pathological Soc. Philad. V. P. 1877; Amer. Ophthalmological Soc. 1870, V. P. 1879, P. 1884-86; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. May, 1868; Amer. Philos. Soc. Dec. 1886. Surg. Wills Hosp. 1870 . Prof. Ophthalmology Univ. P. 1876 . Comp. Milit. Order Loyal Legion U. S. 1882. Oliver, Charles Augustus. Feb. 1884. b. Dec. 14, 1853. A.B. 1873, A.M. 1878, Central High School, Philad.; M.D. 1876, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1879 ; Historical Soc. Pa. 1882 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1883 ; Amer. Assoc. Advance. Sc. 1884 ; Soc. Amer. Naturalists, 1885 ; Amer. Ophthalmological Soc. 1885 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. 1886. Resid. Phys. Philad. Hosp. Jan. 1877-May, '78 ; Assist. Phys. Univ. Hosp. 1878-80; Attend. Phys. Northern Dispensary, 1878 -80; Ophthalmic and Aural Surg. St. Mary's Hosp. 1883; Maternity Hosp. 1886 ; Phys. [temporary substitute in the summers of 1885 and '86] Wills Hosp. ; Visit. Phys. and Ophthalmologist, State Hosp. for the Insane, Norristown, Pa., 1886. O'Neill, J. W. April, 1884. M.D. 1877, Univ. Pa. Children's Hosp. and Southern Home. Osler, William. Jan. 1885. b. 1849. M.D. 1872, McGill Univ. ; Licent. Royal Coll. Phys. London, 1873, Memb. 1878, fellow, 1883. Prof. Instit. Med. McGill Univ. 1874-84 ; Phys. and Pathologist, Montreal Genl. Hosp. 1878-84; P. Cana- dian Med. Assoc. 1885; Gulstonian Prof. Royal Coll. Phys. London,. 1885 ; Cartwright Lecturer, Coll. Phys. and Surg. N. Y. 1886 ; F.R.S. Canada. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Jan. 1887 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. July, 1885; Royal Microscop. Soc. Phys. Univ. Hosp. 1884; Philad. Hosp. 1886; Orthopcedic Hosp. 1884. Prof. Clinical Med. Univ. Pa. 1884 . *Otto, John C. March, 1819. b. March 14, 1774. d. June 26,- 1844. A.B. 1772, Coll. N. J.; M.D. 1796, Univ. Pa. Phys. Philad. Dispens. 1798-1803; Pa. Hosp. 1813-35; Orphan Asylum; Magdalen Asylum. Memb. Philad. Acad. Med.; Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1806; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1817. Packard, John H. July, 1868. b. Aug. 15, 1832. A.B. 1850, A.M., M.D. 1853, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1856-77 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1857, Sec. 1861-62, P. 1867-68 ; APPENDIX. 200 Ainer. Med. Ahhoc. IWO; ()l)slclri(;!il Soi'. I'liil:ul. LSOH, I'. 1877-79 Philud. Co. Med. Soc. I.S7(i, V. I'. I87!)-H0; Med. Hoc. SUtc I'a. 1877 Acad. Surgery J'liilud. IH79; Med. .JiiriH|iriid(;iice Soc. Philiid. 1883: Ainer. Surg. AsHoc.l 881, TrciiH. 1881-84. Keaid. 18O.'3-.0G, Surg. 1884 Pa. llosj). ; Phys. Foster Home 1857-73; St. Joseph's llfwp. 1881 Surg. Episcoiml JIosp. 1863-84; Sec. Surgical Section Internal. Med Congress 187(i; Act. Aast. Surg. U. S. A. 1801-65; Surg. Woman's Hosp. 1876-77. Miitter Lecturer 1864-66. Director Acad. Fine Arti* Philad. *Paqe, Edwaki) a. Jan. 1863. d. Feb. 19, 1881. M.D. 1852, Univ. Pa. Surg.U.S.V.; St. Joseph's lIosj>. ; Med. Director Penn Mutual Ins. Co. *Page, William Byrd. Dec. 1843. d. Feb. 18, 1877, set. 59. M.D. 1839, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Jan. 1849; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1848 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1853 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. Prof. Surg. Pa. Coll. Visit. Surg. 1844-54, Consult. Surg. 1854-62 Pa. Instit. for Instruct, of the Blind. *Pancoast, Joseph. May, 1835. b. 1805. d. March 6, 1882. M.D. 1828, Univ. Pa. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1834-45 ; Surg. Pa. Hosp. 1854-64; Prof. Surgery Jefferson Med. Coll. 1838-47; Prof. Anat. 1847-74. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. 1826 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. April, 1849; Med. Soc. State Pa.; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Dec. 1847; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1848 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1851. Pancoast, William Henry. Jan. 1864. A.B. 1853, A.M. Haverford Coll. ; M.D. 1856, Jefferson Med. Coll. Demonstrator, Adjunct Pi'of., and Prof. General, Descript. and Surg. Anat. Jeftcrsou Med. Coll. 1874-86 ; Prof. General and Surg. Anat. and Clinical Surgery, Medico-Chirurgical Coll., Philad. 1886 . ; Trustee and V. P. IMedico-Chirurgical Hosp. and Coll. ; Surgeon emeritus Philad Hosp. Trustee and Consult. Surg. Charity Hosp. ; Pa. Free Dispens. Skin Diseases. Corres. de la Societe des Hopitaux de Paris* Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc, P. ; Med. Soc. State Pa., V. P. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1868, V. P. ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Sept. 1870 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1SS3 ; Ninth luteruat. Med. Congress, Memb. Execu- tive Council, P. Sect, on Anat. 1887. Parish, William Henky. Oct. 18S2. b. Oct. 23, 1845. M.D. 1870, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1S72 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1873; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1874, V. P. 1881-82 and 1885-86; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1876; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1879 ; Amer. Gynecological Soc. 1SS5 ; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. Philad. 256 APPENDIX. 18S5; Philad. Clinical Soc. 1885. Resid. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1871; Howard Hosi>. 1873 ; Visit. Phys. St. Mary's Hosp. 1874 ; Obstetrician Philad. Hosp. 1876; Prof. Anatomy, Woman's Med. Coll. Pa. 1882. Prof. Obstetrics and Gynecology Philad. Polyclinic 1883. *Parke, Thomas. Jan. 1787. b. Aug. 6, 1749. d. Jan. 9, 1835. M.B. 1770, Coll. Philad. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1777-1823. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1794, Curator 1795-96. Director Philad. Library Co. 1778-1835. *Paekish, Isaac. May, 1836. b. March 19, 1811. d. July 31, 1852. M.D. 1832, Univ. Pa. Eesid. Philad. Hosp. 1830-31 ; Phys. Cholera Hosp. 1832 ; Surg. Wills Hosp. 1834. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1831 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Med. Soc, State Pa. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1846-47; Soc. for Abolition of Slavery; Philad. Soc. for Alleviating Miseries of Public Prisons, Nov. 1834. *Paee,ish, Joseph. Nov. 1810. b. Sept. 2, 1779. d. March 18, 1840. M.D. 1805, Univ. Pa. Attend. Phys. 1806-35, Consult. Phys. 1835 -46 Philad. Dispens. ; Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1816-29, Lecturer on Chemistiy 1807-10. P. Board of Managers Wills Hosp. ; Pa. Prison Soc. Dec. 1802; Philad. Med. Soc. Dec, V. P. 1806; Pathological Soc. Philad.; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1815. Pareish, Joseph. (N. E.) Oct. 1854. M.D. 1844, Univ. Pa. Pareish, William H. 1882. M.D. 1870, Jefferson Med. Coll. Prof. Anat. Woman's Med. Coll.; Obstetrician Philad. Hosp. *Paeey, John S. Jan. 1870. b. Feb. 4, 1843. d. March 11, 1876. M.D. 1865, Univ. Pa. Resid. Philad. Hosp. 1865-66 ; Visit. Ob- stetrician Philad. Hosp. 1867; Distr. Phys. Philad. Dispens. 1866; Phys. for Diseases of Women, Presbyterian Hosp. 1872. Surg. State Hosp. for Women and Infants, 1873. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1867, V. P. ; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1870, P. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872. Parvin, Theophilus. Dec. 1883. b. Jan. 9-, 1829. A.B. 1847, A.M. 1850, State Univ. Indiana ; M.D. 1852, Univ. Pa. ; LL.D. Hanover Coll. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1867, P. 1879; Amer. Gynecological Soc. 1876 ; State Med. Soc. Indiana, P. 1861 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1885; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. ; Honorary Fellow Edinb. Obstetrical Soc. 1882. Prof. Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, Jeiferson Med. Coll. Memb. Obstetric Staff, Philad. Hosp. 1884. AI'IMONDIX. 257 *J'ATTioi!,H()N, IIknhy S. Anf^. LSI.'}, d. 1854. M.I). I8;{(;, IJiiiv. I'ii. Mcmb. AiiM^r. Med. Assor, 1840; Phila^l. Co. M(m1. Soc. *\'AVh, John Maksiiali,. May, 18;}'). h. Jan. 2, 1800. d. Dec. 18, 187'J. M.D. 1824, Univ. I'ii. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1819. Phy». House of Refuge 1 8.''>r). XPAUL, John Rodman. Feb. 18,%. b. Jan. 24, 1802. d. Oct. 1.",, 1877. A.B. 1820, I\r.D. 1823, Univ. Pa. Resid. Pa. IIosp. 1825-26 ; Manager Wilis llo.sp., P. of the Board 30 years. Mcmb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1820; City Council 1844; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847. Direct^jr Girard Coll. ; Treasurer Washington Manufact. Co. 1859-69 ; P. Gloucester Land Co.; Director Philad. Contributionship; of the Bank of Com- merce; of the Philad. Savings Bank; Trustee Univ. Pa. 1869; In- spector Philad. Co. Prison. *Peace, Edwakd. March, 1839. d. Sept. 9, 1879, c-et. 68. M.D. 1833, Univ. Pa. Surg. Pa. Hosp. 1840-61. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1831; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April| 1859; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. *Peace, Joseph. Oct. 1840. b. Jan. 14, 1807. d. July 25, 1845. A.B. 1825, M.D. 1829, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1831. Resid. Philad. Hosp. 1827-29; Phys. Philad. Dispens. 1832; Phys. Wills. Hosp. 1835. *Pennock, Caspar Wistar. Sept. 1834. b. 1801. d. April 16, 1867. M.D. 1828, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Feb. 1834. Phys. Philad. Dispens. ; Philad. Hosp. 1835. Penrose, Richard A. F. April, 1854. b. March 24, 1827. A.B. 1846, A.M. 1849, LL.D. 1872, Dickinson Cull. ; M.D. 1849 Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. April, 1856 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Julj^ 1863. Resid. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1851-53; Phys. Southern Home for Children 1853 ; Philad. Hosp. 1854; Preston Retreat 1864 ; Univ. Hosp. Prof. Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, Univ. Pa. 1863 . *Pepper, George. April, 1867. M.D. 1865, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Aug. 18(37. *Pepper, William. May, 1839. b. Jan. 21, 1810. d. Oct. 15, 1864. A.B. 1828, Coll. N. J. ; M.D. 1832, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pliilad. Med. Soc. Feb. 1831 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Feb. 1837; Amer. Med. Assoc. 17 258 APPENDIX. 1847; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1851; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Phys. Philad. Pispens. 1834; Wills Hosp. 1839-41; Pa. lustit. for Instruct, of the Blind, 1841-44 ; Pa. Hosp. 1842-1858. Prof. Theory and Pract. Med. Univ. Pa. 1860-1806. Pepper, William. April 1, 1868. b. Aug. 21, 1843. A.B. 1862, M.D. 1864, A.M. 1865, Univ. Pa.; LL.D. 1881, LaFayette Coll. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1865, P. 1873-76 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1870 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1871 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Aug. 1867-Oct. 1876, Biological Sect. 1868-74, Director; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1870-82 ; Amer. Neurological Assoc. 1874 ; Corres. New York Soc. Neurology and Electrology, 1874; Honorary, N. J. Med. Soc. 1875; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872, Chairman Section on Med. 1886; Med. Soc. State Pa. ; Honorary, Harrisburg Pathological Soc. 1881; Amer. Acad. Med. 1882 ; Honorary, Medico-Chirurgical Faculty, of Maryland, 1884; Amer. Climatological Soc. 1885, P.; Assoc. Amer. Phys. 1886. Visit. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1867-84; Phys. Lincoln Instit. 1867-70 ; Phys. Children's Hosp. 1870-72; Consult. Phys. St. Christopher's Hosp. 1886 ; Curator Pa. Hosp. 1866-70; Curator Philad. Hosp. 1867-71; P. Foulke and Long Institute for Orphan Girls, 1886. Lecturer, Morbid Anat. 1868 -70, Clinical Med. 1870-74, Physical Diagnosis 1871-73, Prof. Clinical Med. 1874-84, Theory and Pract. and Clinical Med. 1884 ■„, Univ. Pa. ; Manager Univ. Hosp. 1874 ; Med. Director Centennial InternW. Exhibit. 1875-76 ; Provost Univ. Pa. 1881 . Perkins, Frakcis Moore. Feb. 1884. b. June 6, 1851. A.B. 1872, A.M. 1880, Williams Coll. ; M.D. 1876, Univ. Pa. Memb. Alumni Soc. Med. Dept. Univ. Pa. 1876 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1879; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1879 ; Amer. Acad. Med. 1880 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1883; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. Philad. 1885; Union League Philad. 1883 ; Franklin Instit. Pa. 1884. Eesid. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1876-78; House Surg. Wills Hosp. 1878-79; Visit. Phys. 1879-86, Consult. Phys. 1886, House of Eefuge ; Visit. Phys. Charity Hosp. 1880-85 ; Ophthalmic and Aural Surg. St. Mary's Hosp. 1885 ; Con- sult. Ophthalmic Surg. Hosp. Good Shepherd, Eadnor, Pa., 1886. PiERSOL, George A. May, 1883. M.D. 1877, Univ. Pa. Assist. Demonstrator Normal Histology, Univ. Pa. Porter, William G. Jan. 1872. b. April 25, 1846. M.D. 1868, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc, Sec; Obstetrical Soc. Philad.; Philad. Co. Med. Soc ; Med. Soc. State Pa.; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872 ; Amer. Surg. Assoc. ; Philad. Acad. Surg. Attend. vSurg. Presbyterian Hosp. ; Surg. Philad. Hosp. ; Consult. Surg. Educational Home; Consult. Surg. Philad. Dispensary. APPENDIX. 259 POTTKR, TilOMAW (!. ])<'(-. \HHr). M.I). 1.S7I, Univ. I'ii. tRANJ), ]}. HOWAKI). Oct. ]sr,:',. r.s. July 4, 1877. d. Feb. 14, 1883. M.D. 1H48, .Tcfreiw.n Med. Coll. Meiiib. AcjuJ. Nat. S*c. Philafl. Jan. 1851, Rec. Sec. Dec. 18r)|, Oct. .",1, '05.; Amer. PhiloH. Soc April, 18.57; Fniiiklin IiiHtit. I'a. ; Amer. Med. Ahsoc. 1808. Prof. CheiniHtry Pliilad, Med. Coll. 1850; Central High School Philad. 1850; Jefrcrsori Med. Coll. 1864-77. *Randolph, Jacob. Doc. 1838. b. Nov. 25, 1790. d. Feb. 29, 1848. M.D. 1817, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1815 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847. Amer. Philo.s. Soc. April, 18,3.3. Surg. Philad. IIo.sp. 1830 ; Surg. Pa. Hosp. 1835-48. Prof. Clinical Surg. Univ. Pa. 1848. *Randolph, Nathaniel Archer. Jan. 1883. b. Nov. 7, 1858. d. Aug. 21, 1887. M.D. 18S2, Univ. Pa. Assist. Demonstrator of and Lecturer on Physiology, Univ. Pa. 1882-80. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1883; Amer. Philos. Soc. July, 1884; Philad. Neurological Soc. 1884; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 18S5. Prof. Hygiene Univ. Pa. 1886. *Ray, Isaac. July, 1868. b. Jan. 16, 1807. d. March 31, 1881. M.D. 1827, Univ. Harvard; LL.D. 1879, Brown Univ. Med. Super- int. State Hosp., Augusta, Me. 1841 ; Superint. Butler Hosp., Provi- dence, R. I., 1845, Jan. '67. Constit. Memb. Assoc. Med. Superinten- dants of Amer. lustit. for the Insane, 1844, P. 1855-59 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872 ; Rhode Island State Med. Soc., P. ; Constit. Social Science Assoc. Philad. ; Board of Guardians of the Poor, Philad. *Redman, John. Jan. 1787. b. Feb. 27, 1722. d. March 19, 1808. M.D. 1748, Leyden. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1751-80. Common Council, Philad. 1751 ; Trustee Coll. Philad. 1765. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1768. *Redman, Thomas. July, 1791. d. Feb. 8, 1830, i£t. 70. Reed, Thomas B. April, 1866. M.D. Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1877. Attend. Surg. Presbyterian Hosp. fREED, Thomas S. Nov. 1849. res. May, 1879. M.D. 1846, Jeflorsou Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872. 260 APPENDIX. Eeese, John James. Dec. 1842. b. June 16, 1818. A.B. 1S3G, A.M., M.D. 1839, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. March, 1841, Treas. 1859 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1852 ; Med. Jurisprudence Soc. Philad. 1835, P. 1886-87 ; Corres. New York Medico-Legal Soc. Act. Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 1861-63 ; Phys. St. Joseph's Hosp. 1864-84 ; Phys. Philad. Orphan Asylum 1858 . ; Prof. Med. Chemistry Pa. Coll. 1854-59; Prof. Med. Jurisprudence and Toxicology Univ. Pa. 1865 . Eeichert, Edward T. Oct. 1855. b. Feb. 5, 1855. M.D. 1879, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Neurological Soc. 1885 ; Amer. Soc. Physical Research, 1885 ; Amer. Soc. Naturalists, 1885 ; Honorary, Newark Med. Assoc. 1886. Demonstrator Experiment. Therapeutics 1879-84, Demon. Experimental Physiology 1884-86, Prof. Physiology 1886, Univ. Pa. *EEMiNGTOif, Isaac. March, 1850. b. Jan. 5, 1794. d. Nov. 10, 1862. M.D. 1824, Univ. Pa. Memb. Northern Med. Assoc. Philad. ; Med. Soc. State Pa. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc, P. 1860. Eex, Oliver P. Oct. 1883. b. Jan. 18, 1840. M.D. 1867, Jefferson Med. Coll. Resid. Philad. Hosp. 1867-69. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. *Rhoads, Edward. Jan. 1867. b. Sept. 29, 1841. d. Jan. 15, 1871. A.B. 1859, Haverford Coll. ; M.D. 1863, Univ. Pa. Resid. Philad. Hosp. 1863-64; Pa. Hosp. 1864-65. Lecturer Physical Diagnosis Univ. Pa. 1870. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad., Treasurer 1864 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1868 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. May, 1868. fRHOADS, James E. Jan. 1853. res. Jan. 4, 1882. M.D. 1851, Univ. Pa. *EiCHARDSOX, Elliot. Oct. 1871. b. Dec. 3, 1842. d. May 9, 1887. M.D. 1867, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1869-81 ; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1872; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1881 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1882 ; Surg. Out-patients Pa. Hosp. 1872-82; Gynecologist Pa. Hosp. 1882; Accoucheur Philad. Hosp. 1886. Lecturer, Pract. Obstetrics 1877, Demonstrator Obstetrics 1883, Univ. Pa. *RiCHARDSON, Joseph G. Jan. 1869. b. Jan. 10, 1836. d. Nov. 13, 1886. M.D. 1862, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov. 1868, Ee- corder Biolog. and Microscopic Section Dec. 1871-March, '77 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1870 ; Board of Health Philad. ; Pathological Soc. Philad. ; Al'I'KNDIX, 201 riiiliKl. Co. Med. Soc. ; liicorponitor Aincr. Soc. for F'rcvcrit. yVSurg. Traction R.R. Co. ROHERTS, John B. Oct. 1878. b. 1852. A.B. 1871, A.M. 1874, Univ. Pa.; M.D. 1874, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 187G, V. P. 1882; Mutual Aid Assoc. Philad. Co. IMcd. Soc. 1881, V. P. 1882-83 ; Philad. Acad. Surgery, 1870, Recorder 1880-82; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1876, V. P. 1882; Amer. Surg. Assoc. 1882; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1880; Med. Soc. State Pa.; Philad. Clinical Soc. 1884, P. 1886 ; Amer. Acad. Med. ; Amer. Pub. Health Assoc. 1886. Lect. Philad. School Anat. 1878-82; Prof. Anat. and Surg. Piiilad. Polyclinic 1882, and Sec. Phys. Jeff. Coll. Hosp. 1877-78 ; Surg. St. Mary's Hosp. 1883 ; Surg. Out-wards Pa. Hosp. 1884; Surg. Jewish Hosp. 1887. Roberts, A. Sydney. April, 1882. b. Dec. 19, 1855. M.D. 1877, Uuiv. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Pathological Soc. Philad. ; Med. Soc. State Pa. Resid. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1877-78, Surg. 1881-87; Surg. Out-patients Episcopal Hosp. 1878-80; House Surg. Orthopo?dic Hosp. 1881; Orthopoed. Surg. Univ. Hosp. Instructor, Orthopred. Surg. Uuiv. Pa. *R0BINETT, G. Herman. April, 1854. d. April 9, 1872. M.D. 1851, Uuiv. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. April, 1852. *R0DGERS, John R. B. April, 1787. (Elected Assoc.) d. Jan. 29, 1833. A.B. 1775, Coll. N. J. ; B.M. 1784, Univ. State Pa. ; M.D. Edinb. Atteud. Phys. Philad. Dispens. Jan. 1787. Prof. Midwifery and Clini- cal Med. Columbia Coll. N. Y., also in Coll. Phys. and Surg.N. Y. 1811 ; Health Officer Port N. Y. 1809 Memb. Pa. Prison Soc. Aug. 1787 ; Med. Soc. City and Co. N. Y., 1807, V. P.-P. 1818 ; Med. Soc. State N. Y., Censor 1811, P. 1813 ; New York Co. Med. Soc. 1819, P. ; on the Pension Roll for services as Surgeon in the Revolutionary "War. Memb. State Soc. Cincinnati Pa. Rodman, Lewis. Nov. 1843. b. June 12, 1S06. M.D. 1827, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847; Philad. Med. Soc. April, 1849; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1850 ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 262 APPENDIX. Censor, 1,859; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. Consult. Phys. Preston Eetreat; Phys. House of Refuge, 1838. *E0GERS, Robert E. April, 1857. b. March 29, 1813. d. Sept. 6, 1884. M.D. 1S36, Univ. Pa.; LL.D. 1883, Dickinson Coll. Chemist 1st Geolog. Survey Pa. 1836-42 ; Prof. Chemistry, Univ. Va. 1842-52 ; Univ. Pa. 1852-77 ; Jefferson Med. Coll. May, 1877^July, '84. Memb. Acad. Nat. So. Philad. Feb. 1837; Franklin Instit. Pa. 1838-45; again, 1852, Manager, 1857, V. P. 1858-75, P. 1875-79 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1853 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. July, 1855, Council, 1877, *Ross, Andrew. Jan. 1787. d. 1823. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. July, 1791. *RUAN, John. April 1, 1823. b. June 19, 1771. d. July 2, 1845. A.B. 1790, A.M. Coll. N. J.; M.D. Edinb. Hon. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. 1805. RUSCHENBERGER, W. S. W. April, 1838. b. Sept. 4, 1807. M.D. 1830, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1825; Colum- bian Instit., Washington, D. C, 1830-31 ; Corres. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. May, 1832, V. P. 1869, P. 1870-81, Chairman Trustees Build. Fund 1867 . Director Botanical Sect. 1876 ., of Biolog. and Microsc. Sect. 1871-77, Conchological Sect. 1869 . Fellow Coll. Phys. and Surgs. Univ. State N. Y., Feb. 1845 ; Corres. Amer. Instit. City N. Y., June, 1845 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Oct. 1849, Council. 1872-84, V. P. 1885 . ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1850; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1854; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. April, 1853-60; Franklin Instit. Pa. 1859 .; Historical Soc. Pa. 1865 . ; Centennial Med. Commission, V. P. 1875-76 ; In- ternat. Med. Congress, 1876 ; Nat. Convent. Eevis. Pharmacopoeia 1870, and 1880 ; Philad. Social Sc. Assoc. 1871 . Soc. Alumni Med. Dept. Univ. Pa. V. P. . ; Corres. Academia Reale Palermitana di Scienzi, Lettere et Belle Arte, Oct. 1881 ; Pa. Prison Soc. June, 1882 ; Numismatic and Antiquat. Soc. Philad. Nov. 1885, V. P. 1886 . ; Hortic. Soc- Philad. March, 1886 . ; Comp. Milit. Order Loyal Legion U. S. 1886 . Surgeon's Mate, Aug. 1826, Surg. April, 1831, Fleet Surg. 1885, Medical Director, March, 1871, U. S. Navy. fRusH, Ben.jamin. Jan. 1787. b. Dec. 24, 1745. res. Nov. 5, 1793. d. April 19, 1813. A.B. 1760, Coll. N. J.; M.D. 1768, Edinb. Prof. Chemistry 1769, Prof. Theory and Pract. Med. 1879, Coll. Philad.; Prof. Institutes Med. and Clinical Pract. 1791, and in addition of Physick 1796-1813. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1783-1813; Philad. Dispens. 1786-1813; Resid. Port Phys. 1790-95; Surgeon Pennsylvania Navy, Sept. 27, 1775-July 1, '76 [The AIM'KNIHX. 'If')o pay wa8$H) ;i iiiontli. >S';e I'a. ArcliivcHJ; I'liyH. (icnoral of the Military IIoBi), of tin; Midcllu Dep. American Army, ]777-.Jan, 30, 1778. M<;mb. CoutiiioTital CongrcHH, July 20, 177G-Fcl). '77; I'a. Convention for the adoption of tiie Fiuloral (Jonstitution, 17H7; Amer. PhiloH. Hoc. Feb. 1708, Curator, 1770, ,Scc. 177.'5-70, V. 1'. 1797-lHOO. Treasurer U. S. Mint, 17i)9-iSl.']. IIRuTTKR, David. .Jan. \x',i7. M.D. 1823, Univ. Pa. Sargent, Fitzwilliam. (N. R.) April, 1852. M.D. 1843, Univ. Pa. Rcsid. I'a. Hosp. 1843-45. Meinb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1841. Sargent, Wintiirop. (N. R.) April, 1864. July 8, 1822. A.B. 1842, Dartmouth Coll.; M.D. 1847, Univ. Pa. Memb. Mont- gomery Co. Med. Soc. ex-P., ex-Sec. 1848; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1849; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1856, Sec; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Surg, in charge U. S. Army Hosp. 1SG2; Consult. Phys. Jewish Hosp. 1874. *Say, Benjamin. Jan. 17S7. b. 1756. d. April 23, 1813. M.D. 1780, Univ. State Pa. Memb. Pa. Prison Soc. July, 1790 ; P. Humane Soc. April, 1798. M. C. 1808. ScHAFFER, Charles. Oct. 1 %Cy. b. Feb. 4, 1838. M.D. 1859, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. March, 1861 ; Historical Soc. Pa. 1863; Pa. Horticultural Soc. 1864; Philad. Co. IMed. Soc. 1877; Amer. Assoc. Advanc. Sc. 1880; Franklin Instit. Pa. 1880. Attend. Phys. Bedford St. Mission Hosp. 1874; Attend. Phys. Mission Hosp. and Dispensary, 1875-80. SCHELL, Henry Sayler. Jan. 1870. b. June 1, 1835. A.B. 1853, A.M. 1858, Central High School, Philad. ; M.D. 1857, Univ. Pa. Memb. Union League, 1862 . ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc, 1869; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1869; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1858-70; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1878 ; Amer. Ophthalmological Soc. 1877 . ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1878. Assist. Surg. 1861-69 (Brevt. Capt. 1863, brevt. Major, 1864, brevt. Lt.-Col. 1865), Med. Inspector Centre Div. Army of the Potomac, 1862, Med. Insp. Dept. of the South, 1863, U. S. Army ; Surg. St. Mary's Hosp. 1869-78 ; Dispens. Surg. Episcopal Hosp. 1872-75; Surg. Children's Hosp. 1877-1884; Wills Hosp. 1876 .; Comp. Milit. Order Loyal Legion V. S. 1879 . *SOHOLFIELD, Epwin. Julv, 1865. d. 1871. M.D. 1855, LTniv. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1864. 264 APPENDIX. ScHWEiNiTz, G. E. De. Jan. 1887. b. Oct. 26, 1858. A.B. 1B76, M.A. 1886, Moravian Coll. Pa.; M.D. 1881, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1883; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1884;; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1886; Philad. Neurological Soc. 1886. Assist. Surg. Dispens. Diseases of Eye, Univ. Hosp. 1882 ; Prosect. Anat. Univ. Pa. 1883; Surg. Eegistrar Univ. Hosp. 1883-85; Ophthalmic Surg. Children's Hosp. 1885 ; Ophthalmologist, Orthopo3dic Hosp. 1887. fSEYBEET, Adam. Nov. 1797. res. Aug. 11, 1818. d. May 2, 1825. M.D. 1793, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1797, Sec 1798-1809, Council, 1811; Philad. Chemical Soc. ; Philad. Med. Soc. Seyfert, Theodore F. April, 1875. M.D. 1867, Univ. Pa. Phys. Gynecological Hosp. and Infirmary for Diseases of Children. Shaffner, Charles. June, 1884. b. March 14, 1846. A.B. 1867, A.M., M.D. 1870, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. 1870. Assist. Surg. Eye and Ear Dept. Philad. Dispensary 1871-87. Shakespeare, Edward 0. April, 1877. b. May 19, 1846. A.B. 1867, Dickenson Coll. ; M.D. 1869, Univ. Pa. Memb. Del. Med. Soc. ; Northern Med. Assoc. ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Pathological Soc. Philad. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1880. Ophthalmologist, Philad. Hosp. ; Lecturer on Refraction and Accommodation of the Eye, and Oph- thalmic Surgery, Univ. Pa. *Shallcross, Morris C. June, 1846. d. Nov. 28, 1871, £et. 80. M.D. 1813, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. April, 1849. Shapleigh, Elisha B. April, 1868. b. Nov. 6, 1824. A.B. 1846, Yale; M.D. 1849, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. July, 1853 ; Northern Med. Assoc. ; Pathological Soc. Philad. Surg, to Coroner, Philad. 1862-74. Sharpless, John T. March, 1837. dropped Jan. 1846. d. April 22, 1883, iet. 82. M.D. 1822, Univ. Pa. Memb. Board of Health Philad. 1832. The following note, dated Jan 1st, — "John T. Sharpless' particular respects to the Fellows of the College of Physicians, and wishes to have his name re- moved from the list of members " — was read at a stated meeting, Jan. 6, 1846. After some discussion it was " unanimously resolved," [14 Fellows present] that the name of Dr. John T. Sharpless be " removed from the list of Fellows." Trans. Coll. Phys., Philad., Vol. I., p. 375, 1846. His lecommendalion of a method of treating a certain nervous affection of spinsters, which is now prac- tised, offended the ethical sense of the college at that time. AI'I'KNIHX. 2f>5 *yiiKi'i'Aiii», Kkkdkkick C. April, ISX2. I.. IKf.y. fl. Aj.ril 1 >, 1884. M.I). 1879, Univ. Pa. Kcsid. Children's HoHp. 1871); Univ. IIoHp. 1880. Assist. OynecoIoRist, 1882, Univ. Uo.sp. Mcmb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. ; Olwtetricul Hoc. IMiilud. Shippen, Edward. Oct. LSTd. !.. Aww IH, 1820. A.B. 1845, A.M. i84.S, (Joil. N. .].; M.D. 184H, Univ. I'ji. .Mcmb. Amor. Med. Assoc. 18(i4; Historical Soc. Pa.; InternalionHl Med. Con- gress, 1876. Assist. Surg. Aug. 1849, Surg. April, 1861, Med. Inspect^jr, March, 1871, Medical Director, March, 1876, U. S. Navy. *Shippen, William. Jan. 1787. b. Oct. 21, 1736. d. July 11, 1808. A.B. 1754, Coll. N. J.; M.D. 1761, Edinb. Prof. Anat. and Surgery Coll. Philad. 1765; Prof. Anat. Surg, and Midwifery Univ. State Pa. 1780; Prof. Anat. Univ. Pa. 1791-1806. Surg. Pa. Hosp. 1778-79, 1791 -1802; Chief Phys. of the flying camp, July, 1776 ; Director General of all the Military Hospitals of the Armies of the U. S. April, 1777, Jan. '81. Consult. Phys. Philad. Dispens. Feb. 1786. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. Nov. 1767, Curator 1771, Sec. 1772; Pa. Prison Soc. May, 1787. *SiLLiMAN, Henry R. Jan. 1870. d. Jan. 1, 1883. M.D. 1855, Univ. Pa. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Jan. 1867-70. SiMES, J. Henry C. Oct. 1880. b. March 7, 1844. Ph.G. 1864, Philad. Coll. Pharmacy ; M.D. 1870, Univ. Pa. Memb. 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Soc State Pa. 1848, P. 1883; Philad. Co. Med. Soc April, 1852, P. 1877-79; Chairman Surg. Sect. 1878 ; Acad. Nat. Sc Philad. 1859-77 ; P. Sect, on Military and Naval Surg., and Chairman Execut. Com. 9th Internat. Med. Con- gress 1887. Resid. Surg. Pa. Hosp. 1837-38 ; Surg. St. Joseph's Hosp. APPENDIX. 267 181!); JOpiacopul JIoHp. ]«",(); |'liiiaJ-.07; iJJHp. Univ. Pa. 1843-55. Prof. Surgery Univ. I'u. 1805-70, EmeritUH; Hurg, Cienl. Pa. 18Gl-()2. *Smitii, R. K. (N. R.) April, 185(5. d. Nov. 20, 1877, set. 01. Phihid. Co. Med. 8oc; Amor. Med. A.s«oc. 1852. Smith, Roiucrt xMkadk. .Jun. 1884. M.D. 1876, Univ. Pa. Prof. Coraparat. Physiol. Univ. Pa. *Smith, William W. Jun. 1787. d. Feb. 171)3. M.D. 1780, Univ. State Pa. :\Ieralj. Amcr. Philos. Soc. July, 1787. *Smyth, Francis Garden. April, 1870. b. Dec. 20, 1843. d. July 24, 1879. A.B. 18(J3, A.M., M.D. 18()(), Univ. Pa. Phys. 2d District of Guardi- ans of tbe Poor. Memb. Acad. Nat. Se. Philad. Nov. 1872; Amer, Med. 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Pa. ; Pathological Soc. Philad. 1859-63, P. ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Jan. 1849; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847, Sec. 1847 -51, P. 1871 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. 1852 (resigned) ; Hon. Memb. Med. Soc. E. I. 1858; Med. Soc. of N. Y. 1860; Med. Soc. of Cal. 1871. Corres. Memb. New York Acad. Med.; Centennial Med. Commission,, V. P. 1875-76; Internat. Med. Congress 1876, P. Section on Medicine;, Alumni Soc. Med. Dept. Univ. Pa. V. P. and P. *Stille, Moeetox. Dec. 1847. b. Oct. 22, 1822. d. Aug. 20, 1855. A.B. 1841, M.D. 1844, Univ. Pa. Eesid. Pa. Hosp. 1848; Volunteer Phys. [Cholera] Philad. Hosp. 1849. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. . April, 1853; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1853. Lecturer Theory and Pract. Med. Philad. Assoc, for Med. Instruction 1855. *Stille, Albert Owen. July, 1859. b. June 29, 1827. d. June 23, 1862. A.B. 1848, M D. 1851, Univ. Pa. Eesid. Philad. Hosp. 1851 ; Phys. Philad. Dispensary 1854; Vaccine Phys. 1855. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Oct. 1855. Surg. 23d Eeg. Pa. Volunt. 1862. 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Pa. fTowNSEND, Richard H. Feb. 1850. res. Oct. 3, 1877. b. Feb. 10, 1817. M.D. 1841, Univ. Pa. Phys. Charity Hosp., Trustee . Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1849 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1848. *TowKSEND, Ralph Milbourne. July, 1870. d. Dec. 12, 1877. A.B. Central High' School Philad. ; M.D. 1866, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872. *TucKER, David H. Dec. 1844. b. June 18, 1815. d. March 17, 1871. M.D. 1837, Univ. P. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Feb. 1842; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1851 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847. Prof. Obstetrics Franklin Med. Coll. 1846-48; Prof. Theory and Pract. Med. Richmond Med. Coll. Va. *TUFT, John B. March, 1850. M.D. 1828, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc, Dec. 1839 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. March, 1831-33 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1862. TuEKER, Alexis Paul. (N. R.) July, 1870. M.D. 1862, Univ. Pa. [Banker, London, England.] *TuRNPENNY, Frederick. March, 1839. b. Aug. 31, 1809. d. June 2, 1840. M.D. 1832, Univ. Pa. *TUTT, Charles Pendletox. April, 1862. b. 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Prof. ChcmiHtiy Coll. Philad. 1789; Prof, Anat. Univ. Pa. 1808-18. Memb. Philad. Med. 8oc. ; Amer. Philos. Soc. July, 1787, Curator 1792-94, V. P. 1795 -1SI4, P. Jan. ISl.l-Jan. '18; Pa. Prison Soc. Auf,'. 1787.; Society for the Promotion of the Abolition of iSlavery, P. fWlSTAR, Caspar. April, 1SI2. ros. Jan. 5, lSo;{. 1,. 1801. d. April 4,1867. M.D. 1S24, Univ. Va. Eesid. Pa. Hosp. 1824-26. fWiSTAR, Thomas. Jan. 1871. res. Dec. 1, 1886. b. 1840. A.M. 1861, M.D. IHGH, Univ. Pa. Contract. Surg. U.S.A. 1865; Manager and Bcc. Philad. Dispens. 1865-67; Phys. Indigent Wid. and Single Women's Asylum 1867 . Chief Med. Examiner, Provident Life and Trust Co. 1865 . Memb. Union League, Philad. WiSTER, Caspar. Jan. 1848. b. Sept. 18, 1818. M.D. 1846, Univ. Pa.. Phys. Widows' Asylum, 1848; Shelter for Colored Orphans 1849 ; Manager House of Eefuge 1848 . ; Act. Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 1862. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. June, 1851 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1852, Treas. 1854-June, '77; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1859; Philad. Co. Med. Soc April, 1853; Treas. International Med. Congress, 1876. P. Inspectors Philad. Co. Prison 1880 . ; Trustee and Director Philad. Library Company 1868 . ; Director Mutual Insurance Co. 1873 . ; Director Philad. Saving Fund 1880 . WiSTER, Owen Jones. April, 1852. b. Oct. 5, 1825. M.D. 1847, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad.- Co. Med. Soc. Jan. 1853; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. June, 1859 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. April, 1866 ; Historical Soc. Pa. 1880 ; Soc. to Eestrict. Vivisection 1884, V. P. Asst. Surg. U. 8. Navy March, 1848-July, 1852 ; Consult. Phys. Jewish Hosp. 1880. *W0LLENS, Joseph. July, 1814. d. April 7, 1817, tet. 34. M.D. 1808, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1806, Corres. Sec. 1813, Orator 1814 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. June, 1815. Phys. Philad. Dispens. 1814. *W00D, George B. April, 1827. b. March 3, 1797. d. March 30, 1879. A.B. 1815, M.D. 1818, Univ. Pa. Attend. Phys. Pa. Instit. for Deaf and Dumb 1822-44. Prof. Chemistry 1822-31; Mat. Med. 1831-35 Philad. Coll. Pharmacy ; Prof. Mat. Med. and Pharmacyl835-50. Theory and Pract. Med. 1850-60 Univ. Pa. Trustee Girard Coll. 1833-41. Phys. 276 APPENDIX. Pa. Hosp. 1835-59. Meinb. Philad. Med. Soc. Jan. 1817 ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1819 ; Amer. Pbilos. Soc. July, 1829, P. Jan. 1859-79; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847, P. 1855-56. National Convent, for Revis. Pharma- copoeia, P. 1850 and 1860. Trustee Univ. Pa. Wood, Hoeatio C, Je. April, 1865. b. Jan. 13, 1841. M.D. 1862, Univ. Pa. ; LL.D. 1884, Lafayette Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. IMed. Soc. ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. June, 1864, Record. Sec. Oct. 1866-Feb. '67; Lyceum Nat. Hist. N. Y. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1872; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1866 ; National Acad, of Science ; Acad. Arts and Sc. ; Nat. Convent. Revis. Pharmacopoeia 1880 ; Socit^te d'Hygiene, Paris; Amer. I Sei Kwai (Tokio). Prof. Botany 1866-76; Mat. Med. and Therapeutics 1876 ., Univ. Pa. ; Prof. Nervous Diseases, Univ. Hosp. 1875 . ; Visit. Phys. and Neurologist 1870 . Philad. Hosp. Incorporator Amer. Soc. for Prevent. Adulterat. of Foods, 1835. WOODBUEY, Feank. April, 1880. b. Dec. 23, 1848. M.D. 1873, Jefferson Med. Coll. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc. 1875 ; Med. Soc. State Pa ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1877 ; Pathological Soc. Philad. Mutual Aid Assoc. ; Ninth International Med. Congr. Section Mat. Med. and Therapeutics, Sec. Resid. Phys. Pa. Hosp. 1873-74; Attend. Phys. German Hosp. Philad. 1879-86 ; Medico-Chirurgical Hosp. 1885. Prof. Therapeutics, Mat. Med., and Clinical Med., Medico-Chirurgical Coll. Philad. 1885. Woods, D. F. Oct. 1866. A.B. Dickinson Coll. ; M.D. 1864, Univ. Pa. Memb. Pathological Soc. Philad. ; Philad. Co. Med. Soc. Resid. Philad. Hosp.; Dispens. Staff Episcopal Hosp. ; Phys. Presbyterian Hosp. WORMLEY, Theodoee G. Jan. 1878. b. April 1, 1826. M.D. 1849, Philad. Med. Coll.; Ph.D. 1870, Dickinson Coll. ; LL.D. Prof. Chemistry and Toxicology, Sterling Med. Coll. ; Prof. Chemistry and Toxicology Univ. Pa. 1877 . Incorporator Amer. Soc. for Pre- vent. Adulteration of Foods, 1885. WURTS, Chaeles Stewaet. Oct. 1860. M.D. 1854, Jefferson Med. Coll *Yardley, Thomas H. Jan. 1852. d. Jan. 4, 1860. M.D. 1825, Univ. Pa. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847. Yarrow, Thomas J. Oct. 1868. b. Feb. 13, 1840. M.D. 1861, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Co. Med. Soc; Med. Soc. State Pa.; Obstetrical Soc. Philad. ; Phys. St. Mary's Hosp. 1878. AIM'KNDIX. 277 Zant/in(Jioii, Wii.MAM S. (N. II.) Nov. 1840. M.D. J828, Univ. I'li. Mcmb. Philad. Med. Hoc. March, \H:'.r, ; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Oct. 1810, Record. Sec. Dec. 1841-Dcc. '40, Librar. Dec. l846-.July, '56. Jan. 31, 1887, Resident Fellow.s, 204; N. R., 29. ASSOCIATH FELLOWS. — AMKRICAN. Arnold, UioiiAiU) l)ENi\L'^, .Savannah, C.la. 184(i. b. Aug. 8, 1808. d. July 10, 187(3. A.B. Coll. N. J. ; M.D. 1830, Univ. Pa. Resid. Philad. JIosp. 1830-32 ; Phys. Savannah Poor House and Hosp. 1835-65. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1846-47, V. P. 1851-52 ; Constit. Ga. State Med. Assoc. 1849, P. 1851 ; Savannah Med. Soc. Prof. Theory and Pract. Med. Savannah Med. Coll. 1850. Mayor of Savannah 1843, 1851, 1859, 1863-65. *Atlee, John Light. Lancaster, Pa. 1847. b. Nov. 2, 1709. d. Oct. 1, 1885. M.D. 1820, Univ. Pa.; LL.D. Franklin and Marshall Coll. Prof. Anat. and Surg. Franklin and Marshall Coll., Trustee of. !Menib. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1817; Constit. Lancaster Co. Med. Soc. P. 1844; Constit. Med. Soc. State Pa. 1848, P. 1857; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847, V. P. 1868, P. 1882-83; Honorary, Gynecological Soc. Boston, Mass., 1877. Director of School Board of Lancaster Co., Pa., 40 years; V. P. and P. Alumni Soc. Med. Dept. Univ. Pa. *Baldwin, William Owen. Montgomery, Ala. April, 1876. b. Aug. 9, 1818. d. May 30, 1886. M.D. 1837, Transylvania Univ. Memb. Med. Assoc. State Alabama, P. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1868, P. 1869. *Bard, Samuel. New York. 1811. b. April 1, 1742. d. May 25, 1821. M.D. 1765, Edinb. ; LL.D. 1816, Coll. N. J. Prof. Theory and Pract. Med. King's Coll. N. Y. 1768; Columbia Coll. 1792; Coll. Phys. and Surgs. N. Y. P. 1811. Memb. Amer. Philos. Soc. :March, 1767. Barker, Fordyce. New York. April, 1876. b. 3Iay 2, 1819. A.B. 1837, A.M. 1840, Bowdoin Coll.; M.D. 1841, Columbia Coll. LL.D. 1876, Univ. N. Y., 1884, Univ. Edinb. Prof. Midwifery and Diseases of Women, Bowdoin Coll. 1846; in New York Med. Coll. 1850; in Bellevue Hosp. Med. Coll. N. Y. 1861. Memb. Med. Soc. State of New York, P. 1858; Amer. Gynecological Soc, P. 1876-77; New York Acad. Med., P. 1878-84; Hon. Fell. Obstetrical Soc. Edin- burgh 1869 ; Hon. Fell. Obstetrical Soc. Loudon 1872; Hon. Fell. British 278 APPENDIX. Obstetrical Soc. 1884 ; Hou. Fell. Massachusetts Med. Soc, and of Connecticut Med. Soc. Obstet. Phys. 185-j^75, then Consult. Phys. Bellevue Hosp. Surg. Woman's Hosp. State of New York, now Con- sult. Phys. and Pres. of its Med. Board; Consult. Phys. Maternity Hosp., and Children's Hosp. *Beck, Theodore R. Albany, Nv Y. 1839. *Benedict, N. D. Florida. 1845. BiGELOW, Henry J. Boston, Mass. April, 1876. A.B. 1837, M.D. 1841. Memb. Boston Med. Assoc. ; Boston Soc. Med. Improvement; Suffolk Dist. Med. Soc. Councillor; Mass. Med. Soc. 1844 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1849. Prof Surgery Harvard Univ. Visit. Surg. Mass. General Hosp. ; Boylston Med. Committee. *BiGELOW, Jacob. Boston, Mass. May, 1821. b. Feb. 27, 1787. d. Jan. 10, 1879. A.B. 1806, Univ. Harvard; M.D. 1810, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Nov. 1809 ; Boston Soc. for Med. Improvement ; Amer. Acad. Arts and Sc. 1812, P. May, 1846 and May, '63 ; Boston Med. Assoc ; Mass. Med. Soc. 1813 ; Mass. Med. Benevolent Soc. P. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1849. Phys. Mass. General Hosp. Lecturer, Botany and Mat. Med. 1815, Prof 1817-35 Univ. Harvard; Rumford Prof 1816. Billings, John Shaw. U. S. Army. April, 1876. b. April 12, 1837. A.B. 1857, A.M. 1860, Miami Univ.; M.D. 1860, Med. Coll. Ohio; LL.D. 1884, Univ. Edinb., 1886, Harvard Univ. Memb. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Nov.- 1862; Philos. Soc. Washington, D. C, P.; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1880; Amer. Pub. Health Assoc, P. 1880; Amer. Social Sc. Assoc. 1882 ; Amer. Acad. Med. 1883 ; Amer. Assoc. Advance. Sc. 1883 ; National Acad. Sc. 1883 ; Amer. Statistical Assoc. 1884; Amer. Surg. Assoc. 1886; Assoc. Amer. Phys. 1886 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. 1887 ; Honorary, Med. Soc. Co. N. Y. 1879; Med. Soc. State N. Y. 1880; Med. and Chirurgical Faculty, Md. ; Med. Soc. London, 1881 ; Clinical Soc. London, 1881 ; Soc. Med. Officers of Health, London, 1881 ; Societe Frangaise Hygiene, Paris, 1882; Med. Soc. Sweden, 1882; Medico-Chirurgical Soc. St. Louis, Mo. ; New Hampshire Med. Soc. 1883 ; Statistical Soc. London 1883; Connecticut Med. Soc. 1883; Physicalisch Medicinische Gesell- schaft, Wiirzburg 1885; Gynecological Soc. Boston, 1885; Sociedad Union Fernandina, Lima, Peru 1886 ; British Med. Assoc. 1886. Surg. and Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Army ; Curator Army Med. Museum and Li- brary. Lecturer on Hygiene, Johns Hopkins Univ. and Columbia Coll. N. Y. BowDiTCH, Henry I. Boston, Mass. April, 1876. APPENDIX. 'iT.i BowDri'oit, IIknuy I'iokl;imnu. .Jjuiiiiicu I'laiii, W. Iloxbiiry, iJoHton, MiiHH. Jiin. 1887. b. April 4, 1840. A.B. 1861, M.D. 1808, Univ. Harvard. AsHiHt. Prof, rhy.siology 1871, Prof. 1876, Univ. Harvard. Mcmb. Araer. Acad. Arte, and 8c. May, 1872. Boston Scliool (^oni. .T:ni. 1877 to Sept. '81. Byfoui), WiiJ.TAM llKATH. Chicago, 111. Jan. 1877. b. March 20, 1817. M.I). 18-^14, Ohio Med. Coll.; A.M. 1860, Honorary, Anbury Univ. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1856; Amer. Gynecological Hoc. 1876, P. 1880-81 ; Illinois State Med. Soc. ; Chicago Med. Soc. ; Chicago Gyne- cological Soc. Member of Med. Staff, Mercy Hosp. 1857-80 ; Woman's Hosp. 1880 . €haille, Stanford Emerson. New Orleans, La. Jan. 1877. b. July 9, 1830. A.]}. 1851, A.M. 1853, Univ. Harvard ; M.D. 185.3, Univ. La., and 1884, Tuhme Univ. La. Demonstrator Anat. 1858-67, Lecturer on Obstetrics 1865-6(5, Prof. Obstetrics 1875, Prof. Physiology and Pathological Anat. 1867 . Univ. La.; Prof. Physiol, and Hygiene 1885, Dean Med. Dept. 1885 Tulane Univ. La. Mcmb. Orleans Par. Med. Soc. 1877; La. State Med Soc. 1877; Honorary, New Orleans Med. and Surg. A.ssoc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1869 ; Amer. Pub. Health Assoc. 1874 . ; Honorarj^ Royal Acad. Med. Havana, Cuba ; New Orleans Auxil. Sanitary Assoc. ; La. Educational Assoc; Deleg. luternat. Med. Congress Philad. 1876; Havana Yel. Fev. Comniis. of National Board of Health 1879 P. ; Supervis. Inspector for National Board of Health 1881-82. Memb. National Board of Health, 1885. Resid. New Orleans Charity Hosp. 1851- 53; Resid. Phys. U. S. Marine Hosp. New Orleans, 1853-54; Resid. Phys. Circus St. Infirmary, 1854-60; Act. Surg. Genl. La. 1861-62; Surg. Confed. Army 1862-65, Med. Insp.Army of Tenn. 1862-63, Surg, in charge Hosjiitals 186-1^65. Cheever, David Williams. Boston, Mass. Jan. 1SS7. b. Nov. 30, 1831. A.B. 1852, M.D. 1858, Univ. Harvard. Demonstrator Anat. 1860, Assist. Prof. Anat. 1866, Adjunct. Prof. Clinical Surg. 1868, Prof. Clinical Surg. 1877, Prof. Surg. 1882, Univ. Harvard. Memb. Massa- chusetts Med. Soc. 1858; Boston Soc. Med. Observation, 1859; Amer. Surg. Assoc. 1882 ; Surg. Boston Dispens. 1863-68 ; Boston City Hosp. 1864 . ■Clark, Alonzo. New York. April, 1876. A.B. 1828, Williams Coll. ; M.D. 1835, Coll. Phys. and Surg. N. Y. Prof. Physiology and Pathol. 1848-55, Path, and Practical Med. 1855 ., Coll. Phys. and Surg. N. Y. Phys. Bellevue Hosp. P. Med. Board and Consult. Phys. St. Luke's Hosp. 1861; Consult. Phys. 280 APPENDIX. Northern Dispens. and Northeastern Dispens. Memb. N. Y. State Med. Soc: P. 1853 ; N. Y. Med. and Surg. Soc. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847 ; N. Y. Pathological Soc; N. Y. Acad. Medicine; N. Y. Soc. for Relief of Widows and Orphans of Med. Men. COMEGYS, CoENELius Geoege. Cincinnati, 0. April, 1876. b. July 23, 1816. M.D. 1848, Univ. Pa. Memb. Cincinnati Med. Chirurgical Soc. 1848 ; Acad. Med. 1872, P. ; Cincinnati Med. Soc. 1875, P. ; Hamilton Co. Med. Soc. 1887, P. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1859 ; Cincinnati Literary Soc. 1868, P.; Honorary, Cleveland Historical Soc. 1869; Trinity His- torical Soc, Texas, 1887; Board Directors, McMicken and Univ. of Cincinnati, 1859-87. Prof. Institutes Med., Miami Med. Coll. 1852-87 ; Prof Institutes and Clinical Med. Med. Coll. Ohio, 1857-60 and 1863- 67. Clinical Lecturer, Cincinnati Hosp. 1857, P. Med. Staff -. COBSON, Hiram. Conshohocken, Pa. April, 1876. b. Oct. 8, 1804. M.D. 1828, Univ. Pa. Memb. Philad. Med. Soc. Feb. 1828 ; Mont- gomery Co. Med. Soc. 1847, P. 1849 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. 1847, P. 1852- 53 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847 ; Corres. Meigs and Mason Acad. Med. Middleport, 0. 1873 ; Associate, Obstetrical Soc. Philad. 1874; Honorary, Pathological Soc. Harrisburg, 1881 ; Alumni Soc. Med. Dept. Univ. Pa. 1879 ; Historical Soc. Pa. 1884. Trustee State Lunatic Hosp. Harris- burg, 1877-84. Davis, Nathan Smith. Chicago, Ills. April, 1876. b. Jan. 9, 1817. M.D. 1837, Coll. Phys. and Surg. Western District N. Y. ; A.M. 1871, North Western Univ. ; LL.D. 1878, Illinois Wesleyan Univ. Memb. New York State Med. Soc. 1842 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1846-47, P. 1864r- 66 ; Illinois State Med. Soc. 1850, P. 1855 ; Chicago Med. Soc. 1850, Sec. P. ; Chicago Acad. Sc. 1857 ; Illinois State Microscop. Soc. 1869, Corres. Sec. ; New York Acad. Med. 1868 ; Amer. Pub. Health Assoc. 1877 ; Honorary, British Med. Assoc. 1886 ; Ninth International Med. Congr. P. 1887. Phys. Mercy Hosp. 1850 . Prof Principles and Pract. and Clinical Med. Chicago Med. Coll. 1859 . Lecturer Med. Jurisprudence, Union Coll. of Law 1873 . Memb. Washington Home Assoc, for Treat. Inebriates 1864 . Trustee of Northwestern Univ. 1883 . Donaldson, Frank. Baltimore, Md. April, 1876. b. July 23, 1823. M.D. 1846, Univ. Md. Phys. Quarantine Hosp. Baltimore, 1847^9 ; Baltimore Almshouse Hosp. 1852-55 ; Church Home and Infirmary 1860-73 ; Univ. of Maryland Hosp. 1866-87. Memb. Constit. Amer. Laryngological Assoc. ; Climatological Assoc, P. ; Constit. Assoc. Amer. Physicians; Med. and Chirurg. Faculty of Maiyland, P.; Baltimore Acad. Med. ; Baltimore Clinical Soc Prof Physiol, and Hygiene 1866 APPENDIX. 281 -HO, (Jliriiciil I'rof. Dis. of Tliroiit ;iri(l (JhoHt, |K(iG-H7, Univ. M«l. . Med. ExiuiiiiKT :ui(W(:ript. iitid Hurp;. Atiiit. ISOO, I'rinciplcH and Pract. Surgery IHOS, Surgery 1870 Univ. Md. . JoNiCM, .JosKi'if. New Orleans, Lii. April, 1870. b. Hopt. G, ]H.'«. A.B., (JoU. N. J. ; M.D. 1850, Univ. Pa. Memb. Board of Health Btate La.; New Orleans Med. and Surg. Assoc; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1859; Konorury, Vu. State Med. Soc. Snrg. Confederate States Army 1862- 65. Prof. Clu'n)iHtry Med. Coll. Savannah 1850-57 ; J'rof. Nat. Sc. Univ. Ca. 1857-58 ; Prof. Chemistry, Ga. Med. Coll. 1859-61 ; Prof. Chemistry Univ. La. 1809 . *KlNa, James. Pittsburg, Pa. April, 1870. b. Jan. 18, 1810. d. March 10, 1880. M.D. 1838, Transylvania Univ. Memb. Allegheny Co. Med. Soc. P. ; Med. Soc. State Pa., P. 1806 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1806. Surg. U. S. V. ; Med. Director Pa. Reserves, Surg.-Genl. Pa. until 1804. Hon. Memb. Cal. State Med. Soc. 1871 ; Rocky Mountain Med. Soc. 1871. Trustee Western Univ. Prof. Anat., Physiology, and Hygiene, Wa-shington Coll. Pa. 1844-50. KiNLOCH, R. A. Charleston, S. C. April, 1876. b. Feb. 20, 1820. A.B. 1845, Coll. Charleston, S. C. ; M.D. 1848, Univ. Pa. Memb. South Carolina Med. Assoc. P. 1884; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1883, V. P. Surg. Roper Hosp.; City Hosp.; Xavier Infirmary, Charleston, S. C. Prof. Surgery Med. Coll. S. C. *Knight, JoNATHA^^ New Haven, Ct. 1847. b. Sept. 4, 1789. d. Aug. 25, 1864. A.B. 1808, M.D. Yale. . Prof. Anat. and Physiology, 1813-38, Sur- gery, 1838-64, Yale. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. P. 1846, V. P. 1848, P. 1853. *MiLLEB, Henry. Louisville, Ky. 1801. b. Nov. 1, 1800. d. Feb. 8, 1874. M.D. 1822, Transylvania Univ. Prof. Midwifery Univ. Louisville ; Louisville Med. Coll. 1835-58; Prof. Med. and Surg. Diseases of Women, 1867, '68. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1850, P. 1859. Moore, E. M. Rochester, N. Y. April, 1876. MowRY, Robert B. Allegheny City, Pa. April, 1876. b. Dec. 23, 1813. A.B. 1S34, AVesteru Univ. Pa.; M.D. 1S36, Jefterson Med. Coll. Memb. Allegheny Med. Soc; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1850; Med. Soc. State Pa., P. 1877. Surg. Western Pa. Hosp. 1850-50. Manager Alle- gheny General Hosp. and on Consult. Stall' . 284 APPENDIX. *MussEH, Reuben Dimoxd. Cincinnati, 0. Feb. 1835. b. June 23, 1780. d. June 21, 18G6. A.B., M.D. 1805, LL.D. 1854, Dartmouth Coll. Prof. Theory and Pract. Med. 1814-19, Anat. and Surg. 1819-38, Dartmouth Coll. ; Prof. Surg. Ohio Med. Coll. 1838-52; Prof. Surg. Miami Med. Coll. 1852-57; Chief Surg. Commercial Hosp. Cincinnati. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1849, P. 1850; Honorary, Philad. Med. Soc. Jan. 1809. McGuiRE, Hunter Holmes. Eichmond, Va. Jan. 1887. b. Oct. 11, 1835. M.D. 1855,Winchester Med. Coll., and 1859, Virginia Med. Coll.; LL.D. 1887, Univ. N.C. Prof. Anat. Winchester (Va.) Med. Coll. 1855-58. Prof. Surg. Virginia Med. Coll. 1865-78, emeritus 1880. Memb. Vir- ginia Med. Soc. P. 1880; Eichmond Acad. Med. P. 1869; Assoc. Med. Officers Army and Navy, Confed. States, P. 1875; Amer. Surg. Assoc. P. 1886 ; International Med. Congress, V. P. 1876 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. V. P. 1881 ; Hon. Fell. North Carolina Med. Soc. 1886. Senior Surg. St. Luke's Hosp. Eichmond, Va. Med. Director Army of the Valley, C. S. A. 1861-62 ; Med. Director 2nd Corps A. N. V., C. S. A. 1862-65. *McNaughton, James. Albany, N. Y. July, 1847. b. Dec. 10, 1796. d. June 11, 1874. M.D. 1816, Univ. Edinb. Prof. Anat. and Physiology, Fairfield Med. Coll. 1820-40; Prof. Theory and Pract. Med. Albany Med. Coll. N. Y. 1840-74. Surg. Albany Hosp. Memb. Med. Soc. Co. of Albany, N. Y., 1828, P. 2 years ; New York State Med. Soc. 1831, P. (twice) ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1846-47 ; Board of Governors, Union Univ. Sur- geon-General State of N. Y. P. Board of Health, Albany N. Y. 1832. Parker, Peter. Washington, D. C. 1842. b. June 18, 1804. A.B. 1831, A.M. 1858, M.D. 1834, Yale. Yale Theological Semin. 1831-33. Missionary A. B. C. F. M. to China, 1834. Founder and Phys. Ophthalmic Hosp. Canton, 1835. Memb. Med. Missionary Soc. v. P. 1838, P. 1882; Eoyal Asiatic Soc. London, 1842; Historical Soc. New York, and Brooklyn, 1842 ; Constit. Soc. Northern Antiquaries, Copenhagen, 1846 ; Mass. Med. Soc. Oct. 1859 ; Deputation Evangel- ical Alliance to Memorialize Emp. Eussia in behalf of religious liberty in the Baltic Provinces, 1871 ; Corporate Memb. A. B. C. F. M. 1871. Eegent Smithsonian Institution, 1868-84. Chinese Interpreter and Secretary U. S. Legation in China, 1844. U. S. Commissioner, with plenary powers, to China, 1855-57. *Parker, Willard. New York, N. Y. 1876. b. Sept. 2, 1800. d. April 25, 1884. A.B. 1826, M.D. 1830, Univ. Harvard ; LL.D. 1870, Coll. N. J. Ee- sid. U. S. Marine Hosp. Chelsea, 1827-29, Mass. Gen'l. Hosp. 1829-30. AI'I'KNDIX. 286 I'n.r. Atwit. l.S.'U), iind Hurg. 1832, BcrlcHliirc Med. C'.ll.; I'rof. Hurg. Coll. I'hyH. aiul. Hiiig. N. Y. IS.'Ut-TO. Surg. IMU-.vm- IIoHp. 1H4.'}; Viait. Hurg. New York IIohj). lH5(i; 1». New York State Iriehriate Aayiuin, IfSOf); Consult. Surg. N. Y. I loHp.; Ikllevue HoHp.; St. Luke's Hosp. ; Roosevelt Hosp. and Mt. Sinai llosp. Memb. New York Med. Soc. ; N. Y. Co. Med. Soc. ; Acad. Med. ; Pathological Soc. N. Y, ; New York Mod. :uid Surg. Soe.; Anicr. Med. Ahhoc. JH4(J. Pollock, A. M. Pittsburg, I'a. April, ].S7(i. b. .Ian. 7, 1820. M.D. 1H41, Med. Coll. Ohio. Memb. Allegheny Co. Med. Soc. P. 1868; Med. Soc. State Pa., P. 1872; Amcr. Med. Assoc. V. P. 1873; Honorary, Med. Soc. State Cal. Surg. Mercy IIo.sp. ; Parsavanta Hosp. Pittsburg. V. P. Dollar Savings Bank, 1859 . PoRCHER, Francis Peyre. Charleston, S. C. April, 1876. b. Dec. 14, 1825. A.B. 1844, South Carolina Coll. ; M.D. 1847, Med. Coll. of the State of S. C. Memb. Assoc. Amer. Phys. ; Corres. of the Med., the Surg., and the Obstetrical Societies, and Lyceum Nat. Hist, of New Y''ork, 1847; Corres Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1849; Corres. Med. and Surg. Soc. Eichmond, Va. ; Historical Soc. Wisconsin. Phys. Marine Hosp. Charleston, S. C. 1855-60 ; Confederate Hosp. at Norfolk, and Peters- berg, Va. 1862-64 ; City Hosp. Charleston, S. C. 1866-87. Prof. Mat. Med. and Therapeutics, Med. Coll. State S. C. Reeve, John Charles. Dayton, O. b. June 5. 1826. M.D. 1851, Western Reserve Coll. j\Iemb. Montgomery Co. Med. Soc. 1854, P. ; Ohio State Med. Soc. 1861, P. 1885 ; Constit. Memb. Amer. Gynecological Soc. 1876. Prof. Mat. Med. and Therap, Med. Coll. of Ohio, 1861 ; Chief of Staff St. Elizabeth's Hosp. 1878 . Phys. Montgomery Co. Children's Home 1876 . *Revere, John. New York, N. Y. May, 1841. b. March 17, 1787. d. May 1, 1847. A.B. 1807, Harvard Univ.; M.D. 1811, Edinb. Prof. Mat. Med. Jefferson Med. Coll. 1831-40 ; Prof. Theory and Pract. Med., Univ. of City N. Y. 1840-47. Richardson, Tobias Gibson. New Orleans, La. Jan. 1887. b. Jan. 3, 1827. M.D. 1848, Univ. Louisville. Memb. Amer. Med. Assoc. 1855, P. 1878 ; Kentucky State Med. Soc. 1860 ; Corres. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1857; Hon., Philad. Acad. Surg.; Fellow Abingdon Acad. Med. 1880; Constit. Amer. Surg. Assoc. 1880 ; Louisiana State Med. Soc. ; Internat. Med. Congresses, 1866, 1876, V. P., 1887, V. P. Resid. U. S. Marine Hosp. Louisville 1846-48 ; Demonstrator Anat. Med. Coll. Louisville 1848-56. Prof. Anat. Pa. Med. Coll. 1856-58 ; Prof. Anat. 1858-72, Sur- 286 APPENDIX. gery, 1S72 . Univ. La. Attend. Surg. Charity Hosp. New Orleans 1858 . Med. Inspector and Director Genl. C. S. A. 1862-65. *Senter, Isaac. Newport, R. I. 1790. b. 1735. d. Dec. 20, 1799. Surg. American Army ; Surg, and Phys. Genl. State R. I. 1780. Honorary, Mass. Med. Soc. ; Med. Soc. London ; Rhode Island State Med. Soc. P. *Sewell, Thomas. Washington, D. C. 1842. d. April 10, 1845. Shattuck, George Cheyne. Boston, Mass. 1839. b. July 22, 1813. A.B. 1831, A.M. 1834, M.D. 1835, Univ. Harvard. Memb. Massachu- setts Med. Soc. 1836; Boston Soc. Med. Observation 1837; Boston Soc. Med. Jurisprudence 1835; Amer. Acad. Arts, and Sc. Visit. Phys. Massachusetts General Hosp. 1850-86. Prof. Clinical Med. 1855-59, Prof. Theory and Practice Med. 1859-74, Prof. Physiology and Instit. Med., Harvard Univ. *Smith, Nathan Ryno. Baltimore, Md. 1842. b. May 21, 1797. d. July 3, 1877. A.B. 1817, M.D. 1823, Yale Coll. Memb. Honorary Philad. Med. Soc. Feb. 1825 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847. Prof. Surg, and Anat. Univ. Vermont; Prof. Anat. and Physiol. Jefferson Med. Coll. 1824-26; in Univ. Md. 1827; Prof. Surgery Univ. Md. 1829-70. [Prof. Pract. Med. Transylvania Univ. 1838-40.] *Stevens, Alexander H. New York, N. Y. 1847. b. 1789. d. March 30, 1869. A.B. Yale; M.D. 1811, Univ. Pa. Memb. (Fellow) Coll. Phys. and Surg. N. Y. 1813 ; New York State Med Soc, P. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1846-47. V. P., 1848, P. 1849. Prof Surg. Med. Dept. Queen's Coll. 1814-16, Trustee 1820-26; Prof. Surg. 1837-39, 40-44; Coll. Phys. and Surgeons N. Y. ; Visit. Phys. New York Hosp. 1817. *Stewardson, Thomas. (Fellow.) Jan. 1835. Assoc, Savannah, Ga., Jan. 1847. b. July 10, 1807. d. June 30, 1878. M.D. 1830, Univ. Pa. Resid. Pa. Hosp. 1830-32. Memb. Societe Medicale d' Observation, Paris 1833; Philad. Med. Soc. Dec. 1826; Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1836, Record. Sec. 1837-40, Corres. Sec. 1859- 66 ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1860 ; Corresp. Memb. Societe Imperiale Aca- demique de Cherbourg, 1868. Phys. Philad. Hosp. 1837-38 ; Pa. Hosp. 1838-47. Memb. Board of Health 1838-40, 1861-63, 1867-72; Lazaretto Phys. May, 186't-May, '65; Prof. Natural Science Georgia Military In- stit. 1851-53. AI'IMONDIX. 287 *TiLTON, Jamkh. Delaware. 1700. b. 174.''). d. May 14, 1822. M.D. 1771, Coll. Philiid. jMeinh. Amc-r. I'hiloH. Soc. Jan, 1773. rhyH. CJcnl. HoHp. Amer. Army at Princeton 1777-82; 8urg. Gcnl. U. S. A. Miireh, I-Sl.X *TwiTC!iKi.T;, Amos. Kccne, N. If. 1843. *Ware, Thomas. IJoston, Mas.s. 1842. *Warren, .TOHN C. Boston, Mass. 1840. *Way, Nicholas. Deliuvare. 1790. d. .Sept. 2, ]7'»7, let. 50. M.D. 1771, Coll. Philad. Director U. S. Mint 1796. ^Wellford, Beverly Randolph. Fredericksburg, Va. IS/iO. b. .July 29, 1797. d. Dec. 27, 1870. M.D. 1816, Univ. Md. Prof. Mat. Med. Med. Coll. Va. 1854. Memb. Med. Soc. Va., P. 1852; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1847, V. P. 1851-52, P. 1852-53. Whittaker, James T. Cincinnati, O. 1886. b. March 3, 1843. A.B. 1863, A.M. 1868, IMiiimi Univ. ; M.D. 1866, Univ. Pa. and 1867, Med. Coll. Ohio. Memb. Cincinnati Acad. Med. 1869, P. 1887 ; Ohio State Med. Soc. 1871 ; Amer. Med. Assoc, 1884; International Med. Congr. 1884; Assoc. Amer. Phys., Recorder, 1886; Climatological Assoc. 1886. Surgeon's Steward, 1863, Act. Asst. Surgeon till Oct. 10, 1865, U. S. Navy. Resid. City Hosp. 1867. Lecturer on Pathology, 1870, Clinical Med. 1875, Good Samaritan Hosp. Prof. Physiol. 1870-80, Theory and Pract. Med. 1880 . Med. Coll. Ohio. *WoBTHiNGTON, WiLMER. West Chester, Pa. 1868. d. Sept. 11, 1873, let. 69. M.D. 1825, Univ. Pa. Memb. Chester Co. Med. Assoc. P. ; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1848 ; Med. Soc. State Pa. P. 1850 ; House Rep. Legisla- ture Pa. Speaker of the Senate. Surveyor of the Port of Philad. Secre- tary of the Board of State Charities. Yandell, David Wendel. Louisville, Ky. Jan. 1887. b. Sept. 4, 1826. M.D. 1846, Univ. Louisville. Memb. Med. Soc. State Ky. 1852; Amer. Med. Assoc. 1850, P. 1873 ; Med. Soc. London, 1881 ; Med. Soc. Edinb. 1881 ; Amer. Surg. Assoc. Phys. 1848, Consult. Phys. 1860-^5, Surg. 1865-70, Consult. Surg. 1870-87, Louisville City Hosp. Prof. Clinical Med. and Pathol. Anat. 1858-61, Theory and Pract. Med. 1867 -69, Clinical Surgery, 1870-74, Surgery and Clinical Surg. 1874^-87, Univ. Louisville. Prof. Surgery Coll. Phys. and Surg. Indianapolis, 1871-72. Surg, and Med. Director C. S. A. 1861-65. American Associates, living 30 ; deceased 35. "288 APPENDIX. FOREIGN ASSOCIATES. ACKLAXD, Sir Henry W. Oxford, England. July, 1873. b. 1815. M.D. 1848, Oxford, K.C.B., 1884, F.R.S. Regius Prof. Med. Oxford Univ. 1858. Memb. Royal Sanitary Commission, 1 869-72 ; Amer. Philos. Soc. Jan. 1873 ; British Med. Assoc. P. Honorary Phys. Prince of Wales. *Alvarenza, p. F. Da Costa. Lisbon, Portugal. Oct. 1869. d. 1883 (?). Barnes, Robert. London, England. Jan. 1877. *B0ECK, W. Christiania, Norway. 1872. d. Jan. 1876. Butcher, R. G. H. Dublin, Ireland. 1865. *Christison, Sir Robert. Edinburgh, Scotland. Dec. 1848. b. July 18, 1797. d. Jan. 27, 1882. M.D. 1819, Univ. Edinb.; D.C.L. 1866, Univ. Oxford; Baronet, 1871; LL.D. 1872, Univ. Edinb. Prof. Med. Jurisprudence, 1822; Prof. Mat. Med. Univ. Edinb. 1882-77. Royal Coll. Phys. Edinb. P. Ordinary Phys. to the Queen in Scotland. ^Churchill, Fleetwood. Dublin, Ireland. 1853. *CouRTY, Amedee. Montpellier, France. 1881. Fayrer, Sir Joseph. London, England. 1883. b. Dec. 6, 1824. M.D. 1848, Univ. Rome ; M.D. 1858, Edinb. K.C.S.1. 1876, LL.D. 1878, F.R.S. Fellow Royal Coll. Phys. 1872; R.C.S. London and Edinb. 1878, R.N. 1847-59, R.A. Bengal, 1850-74. Prof. Surgery Royal Coll. Bengal, 1859-74. Fellow Roy. Geol. Soc. 1848 ; F.R.S. 1877 ; Fellow Roy. Medico-Chirurgical Soc. Memb. Council Patholog. Soc. ; Ex-P. Epidem. and Med. Soc. ; Corres. Acad. Med. Paris. ; Roy. Acad. Med. Rome ; Ex-P. Asiatic Soc. Bengal. Late Surg. -Gen. Bengal Med. Ser- vice; P. Med. Board India Office, 1874; Phys. to Sec. of State for India in Council, 1874 ; Memb. of Senate Army Med. School, Netley, 1874; Army Sanitary Commission, 1874; Corres. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1874; Examiner in Anat. and Physiol. Indian Naval and Med. Ser- vices, 1880 ; Gov. Guy's Hosp. ; Gov. Charing Cross Hosp. Honorary Phys. to the Queen, and to the Prince of Wales ; Phys. to the Duke of Edinburgh. AJ'l'KNlJlX. 289 FOTJiKR(ai,ii, J. MrLNKic. ly'iiidoM, lOiii/l.iu'l. Oct. 1878. M,I). M(Mn}). Royiil Coll. I'liyH. LoikIom. AHsiHt. PIij'h. for DiHeases of tlio ClicHt, ('ity of IjoikIoii HoHp. ■"■(JrNTKAf;, I']. I'onleniix, l•"^illl(•(^ l.sr)7. *liAi.L, AiiuiiinAi.iJ. Canuihi. Oct. lsr,2. d. 1807. M.D., F.R.S, Prof. Anat. McGill ( '-,11. Heath, Christopher. London, iMi^rhiiid. 1883. b. March 13, 1830. Fellow Royul Coll. Surg, of England, 1800, Councillor, 1881, Memb. Court of Exiunincrs, 1883. Mcnih. Pathological Soc. London, ]8/;6; Fell. Royal Med. and Chirnrgical 8oc. 1805; Constit. Memb. Clinical Soc. London, Trcaa. Ilolnic Prof. Clinical Surg. Univ. Coll. 1875; Surg. Univ. Coll. Hoap. ; Ivxaniiner in Surgery Univ. London, 1886. Fell. King's Coll. Loudon. Howard, Robert Palmer. Montreal, Canada. Jan. 1887. b. Jan. 10, 1823. M.D., CM. 184S, LL.D. ISSO, .AlcGill Univ.; L.R.C.S. 1848, Edinb. Prof. Clinical Med. 1850-60, Theory and Pract. 1800 ., Dean Med. Faculty, 1882 ., McGill Univ. Memb. Medico-Chirurg. Soc. Mon- treal, P. 1880 ; Canada Med. Assoc. P. 1880; a foreman Coll. Phys. and Surgeons, Quebec, 1860, P. 1880. Attend. Phys. Montreal Gen. Hosp. 1852-74, Sec. 1854; Protestant Orphan Asylum, 1 858 . Con- sult. Phys. MontrearGen. Hosp. 1854 . Jackson, J. Hughlings. London, England. April, 1874. Johnson, George. London, England. April, 1876. b. Xov. 1818. M.D. 1844. First Med. Tutor King's Coll. 1843-.'i0. Prof. Mat. Med. 1857; Prof. Priucip. and Pract. Med. 1863; Prof Clinical Med. 1870- 86 King's Coll.; F.R.S. 1872; P. Royal Med. and Chirurgical Soc. 1884 -86. Senior Phys. King's Coll. Hosp. 1876. *Lettsom, John Coakley. Loudon. England. 1802. b. 1744. d. March 1. 1815. Fellow Royal Coll. Phys. London, F.R.S. :Memb. Amer. Pliilos. Soc. Jan. 1787. ^Leyer, John M. London, England, 1854. Surgeon Guy's Hosp. Lister, Sir Joseph, Bart. Edinburgh, Scotland. Jan. 1877. b. 1827. M.B. 1852, Univ. London; F.R.C.S. England 1852; R.C.S.E. 1855, LL.D. 1879, Univ. Gla.sgow, 1880 Cambridge : D.C.L. 1880, Oxford. Bart. 1880. Regius Prof. Surgery Univ. Glasgow. 19 290 APPENDIX. *Louis, p. Ch. A. Paris, France. 1835. MACLEOD, George H. B. Glasgow, Scotland. 1865. b. 1828. M.D. 1853, Univ. Glasgow; F.R.S. Edin.; F.R.C.S. 1857, Edin. ; Fell. Faculty Phys. and Surg. Glasgow 1858. Regius Prof. Surgery Univ. Glasgow. Surgeon in Ordinary to the Queen in Scotland. P. Medico- Cliirurgical Soc. Glasgow (two terms). Corres. -de la Soc. de Cli6r. de Paris. Corres. Etrang. de I'Acad. de Mfid. Paris. Memb. Deut. Gesell. fiir Chirurg. Senior Surg, and Lecturer Clinical Surgery Western In- firmary, Glasgow. Formerly, Surg. Royal Infirmary, and Senior Surg. General Hosp. in camp before Sebastopol. Ogle, John^ W. London, England. July, 1873. Paget, Sik Jajnces, Bart. London, England. April, 1874. b. Jan. 11, 1814. Memb. 1836, Fellow 1843, Royal Coll. Surg, of England. Honorary, D.C.L. Oxford. LL.D. Cambridge, also, Edinb. F.R.C.S. Ireland. M.D. Bonn, also Wiirzburg. F.R.S. 1851; Corres. Acad. Sc. Instit. France 18S6. Assist. Surg. 1847, Surg. 1861-71 St. Bartholomew's Hosp. London. *Peacock, Thomas B. London, England. July, 1873. *Pereiea, Jonathan. Loudon, England. 1848. b. May 22, 1804. d. Jan. 20, 1853. M.D. 1840, Erlangen; F.R.S. and L.S. Licentiate Coll. Phys. Lon- don, Fellow, 1845. Memb. Royal Coll. Surgeons June, 1825. Fellow and Phys. London Hosp. Lecturer, and Examiner on Mat. Med. Univ. London. *Renaudet, Peter. Bristol, England. 1795. Valcourt, Thophile de. Cannes, France. Oct. 1869. h. May 3, 1836. M.D. 1864, Paris ; M.R.C.P. London, 1878. Memb. Med. Societies of Paris, Stockholm, Chambery, Reims, Odessa; British Med. Assoc; Assoc. Frau^aise des Sciences ; International Med. Congr. ; Meteorolo- gical Soc. of France. Surgeon Cannes City Hosp. ; Marine Hosp. for Scrofulous Children; Asile Evangelique; Consult. Phys. at Cannes (Alpes Maritimes). Valery, Gaetano. Rome, Italy. Oct. 1857. M.D. Physician and Lecturer on Pathological Anat. Hosp. Santo Spirito, Rome. *Velasco, Pedro Gonzales. Spain. 1861. d. 1881. Director Anatomical Museum Univ. Madrid. *Walther, Hermann. Dresden, Saxony. 1860. d. 1883. Foreign Associates living, 15 ; deceased, 15. APPENDIX. 2Ui COUKEHPONOINO MKAJBEUH. Caukovv, Flemmino. Ciintoii, C'liiri;i. 1880. Chiaua, Domenico. Miliiii, lUily. 1880. Dey, Kanny Lai.T.. Calcutta, India. Fob. 1880. b. Sept. 24, 1831. G.M.C.B. 1854, Med. Coll. of Bengal; Hai Bahadoor, 1872; CLE. (Companion Indian Empire) 1884. Memb. Sydenham Soc. London 1859; IJritisli Med. Assoc. 1803; Pharmaceutical Soc. Great Britain, 1863; F.U.C. [Fellow Univ. Calcutta] 1870; Faculty of Med. Univ. Calcutta, 1871 ; Chemical Soc. London (F.C.S.), 1880 ; Soc. Science, Letters and Art, London (F.S. Se. Lond.), 1880; Calcutta Med. Soc. V. P. 1S81 ; Syndicate Calcutta Univ. 1886 ; Distr. Charit. Soc. Calcutta, 1886; Assist. Govt. Chemical Examiner, 1854; Prof. Chemistry Calcutta Med. Coll. 1854; Presidency Coll. Calcutta, 1862; Additional Chemical Examiner to Govt, and Assist, to Prof. 1867-72 ; Teacher of Chemistry and Med. Jurisprudence to the Vernacular Classes, Calcutta Med. Coll. 1869-84; Prof. Chemistry, and Govt. Chemical Examiner, Calcutta Med. Coll. 1877-78. Justice of the Peace (J. P.) Calcutta, 1872-87; Committee of the Economic Museum, 1874—87 ; Municipal Commis- sioner, Calcutta, 1877-85; Central Committee for the Selection of the Vernacular Text-books, 1877-87 ; Presidency Magistrate for the town of Calcutta, 1881-87 ; Committee and Juror of the Calcutta Exhib. of Indian Art Manufactures, 1881-82 ; Juror at the Jeypore Exhib. 1883 ; also, Calcutta Internat. Exhib. 1883-84. N.B. Retired from the service of the Government at the end of 30 years employment, 1884. Eendu, Jean. Lyons, France. 1855. Wasseige, Adolphe. Liege, Belgium. 1880. b. Sept. 10, 1827. M.D. 1854, Univ. Liege. Corres. Acad. Royal Med. de Belgique March, 1861 ; Constit. Medico-Chirurg. Soc. Liege, P. 1862 and "79 ; Memb. Medico-Chirug. Soc. Bologne, Jan. 1876 ; Royal Soc. Med. and Nat. Sc. Brussels, Aug. 1876 ; Med. Soc. Gand, May, 1877 ; Med. Soc. Antwerp, Sept. 1877 ; Soc. of Public Med. Kingdom of Belgium, Aug. ■ 1877; Soc. Med. and Nat. Sc. Dresden, 1859; Obstetrical Soc. Leipzic, July, 1880; Societe Imperiale de Vilna, June, ISSO; Med. Soc. Lyons, July, 1882; Obstetrical Soc. Edinb. Oct. 1882; Med. Soc. Charleroi July, 1883; Obstetrical Soc. San Francisco, Cal. Jan. 1884; Med. Soc. Strasbourg July, 1884 ; Obstetrical Soc. Paris, June, 1885 ; Royal Acad. Palermo Jan. 1886 ; Med. Acad. France, June, 1886 : Titular}-, Royal Acad. Med. Belgium, 1881 ; Med. Soc. Ghent, Aug. 1884; Belgian Geo- graphical Soc. April, 1884. Correspondents, 5. 292 APPENDIX. LIST OF BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OF FELLOWS AND ASSOCIATES OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA. NOVEMBER, 1887. Arnold, Richard Dennis, M.D. By T. S. Hopkins, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med. A-^soc, vol. 29, 1878. Atlee, John Light, M.D., LL.D. By D. Hayes Agnew, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Phllnd., vol. viii., 3d Series, 1886. Anon. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., vol. xviii. Atlee, Washington Lemuel, M.D. By Thomas M. Drysdale, M.D. Gynecological Tramactions, vol. iii., 1879. By T. M. Drysdale, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., vol. xii., 1879. By J. M. Toner, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 30, 1879. Bache, Franklin, M.D. By George B. Wood, M.D. Read June 16, 1865. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. x., 1865. By George B. Wood, M.D. Read May 3, and June 7, 1865, before the Coll. Phys. Philad. Pamphlet, with portrait, 8vo. pp. 66. Philadel- phia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1865. By Aug. H. Fish, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., 4th Series, Part ^I., 1865. By William Maybury, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med. A>^soc, vol. 16, 1865. Bard, Samuel, M.D., LL.D. By Henry W. Ducachet, M.D. The Amer. Med. Recorder, vol. 4, 1821. Thacher's Amer. Med. Biogr. — Abridged from his life, by Rev. John McVickar. By James P. White, M.D. Amer. Med. Biogr. By S. D. Gross, M.D. 1861. Anon. Biographia Americana, New York, 1825. The Lives of Eminent Philadelphians now Deceased. By Henry Simpson. Philad., 1859. Appleton's New Amer. Encyclopedia. Barton, Benjamin Smith, M.D. Thacher's Amer. Med. Biogr. Miller's Retrospects. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadelphians. Philad., 1859. Anon. Biographia Americana, New York, 1825. By W. P. C. Barton, M.D. Read before the Philad. Med. Soc. The Portfolio, April, 1816. Beck, T. Romeyn, M.D., LL.D. Anon. Appleton's iVewJ.TOer. Encyclopedia. Beesley, Theophilus E. By Squire Littell, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. iv.. New Series, 1863-1874. By H. Y. Evans, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., 5th Series, Part I., 1868. By C. C. Cox, M.D., LL.D. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 21, 1870. APPRNDIX. 298 JJkI;!,, .loifN, M.I). I'.y Iv.'uvniicc 'I'miiiI»mII, M.I). Tinn«. Med. Sic. Sinie of I'a., vol. X., I'.Mi-l II., i.S7r>. BiDDLE, .loiiN lUucLAY, M.D. By E. !'>. (Jiirclctto, M.D. Tram. 0>U. Phyx. Philad., vol. iv., .'{d Series, JH7!». By EUernlie Walliicc, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. Sink of I'a., vol. xii., I'art II., 1879. By Frank Woodbury, M.D. Tranx. Amcr. Med. Amic, vol. '.'A, 1880. BiGELOW, Jacom, M.D. I'.y L. I"\ Wiirncr, M.D. [Extracts from a Memoir, by Rev. George Ellis, D.D. | Tram. Avier. Med. Assoc., vol. 33, 1882. BoLLES, Lucius S., M.I). P.y A. 1). Hall, M.D. Trans. Med. Sdc. Stale of Pa., vol. x.,*Part II., 1875. Bond, Henry, M.D. By D. Francis Condie, M.D. Tram. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. ill., New Series, 1856-1862. Also in Trans. Med. Sue State of Pa., 2d Series, Part Y., LS60. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Pldladclphiaus now Decea-ned. Philad., 1859. By Horatio Gates Jones. Genealogies of the Eearly Settlers of Waterioton. By Henry Bond, IM.D. 2d edition. Boston, I860. BOURNONVILLE, Antoine, M.D. By Andrew Nebinger, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., 3d Series, Part III., 1864. Trans. Anu'r. Med. Assoc., vol. 16, 1855. Bridges, Robert, M.D. By W. S. W. Rnscbenberger, M.D. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1882. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1884. Amer. Journ. Pharmacy, 1884. Brinckle, Thomas R. By Samuel Emleu, M.D. Trans. OjU. Phys. Philad., vol. ii., New Series, 1856. Brinckle, William Draper, M.D. By E. B. Gardette, M.D. Read before the Pennsylvania Horticultural Soc, March 24, 1863. Pamphlet. Burns, Robert, M.D. Anon. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., vol. xvii., 1885. Caldavell, Charles, M.D., Autobiography of, with a preface, notes, and appendix, by Harriot W. Warner. 8vo. pp. 474. Philadelphia : Lip- pincott, Grambo & Co., 1855. Simpson's Lives of EmineJit Philadel- phians now Deceased. Philad., 1859. By H. H. Coates, M.D. Read before the Amer. Philos. Soc— Biog- raph. Pamphlets. Xo. 1732, Libr. Coll. Phys. Philad. Carson, Joseph, M.D. By James Darrach, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., 3d Series, vol. iv., 1879. By W. S. W. Ruschenberger. The Amer. Journ. Med. Sc., April, 1877. By R. Seaman. :\I.D. Tran.<. Med. Soc. State of Pa., vol. xi.. Part II., 1887. 294 APPENDIX. Chapmax, Nathaniel, M.D. By J. B. Biddlc, M.D. Aina: Med. Biogr, By S. D. Gross, M.D. 1866. By Prof. Samuel Jackson. A commemorative discourse, delivered before the Trustees, Medical Faculty, and Students, Univ. Pa., Oct. 13, 1854. A tribute to, in verse, by J. K. Mitchell, M.D. Medical Examiner, Sept. 1853. By B. S. Butler, M.D. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadelphians now Deceased. Philad., 1859. Choyet, Dr. Abraham. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadelphians. CoxE, William S., M.D. By Henry Bond, M.D. Read Nov. 6, 1838. 3fS. Biographical Memoirs. Libr. Coll. Phys. Philad. F. 909. Cruice, William Robert, M.D. By Edward J. Nolan, M.D. Read before the Philad. Co. Med. Soc, May 11, 1887. Cdrrie, Dr. William. By a Physician of Philad. TIte Register of Penn- sylvania, by Samuel Hazard, vol. xi., Sept. 1830. By George W. Norris, M.D. The Early History of Medicine in Phila- delphia. Philad., 1886. Darrach, William, M.D. By Dr. Theophilus E. Beesley. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. iv., New Series, 1863-1874. By A. Nebinger, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., 4th Series, Part ' 11., 1866. By Charles Shields, D.D. Drake, Daniel, M.D. By C. D. Meigs, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. ii., New Series, 1853-55. Drayton, Henry E. By Andrew Nebinger, M.D. I'rans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., Part II., 3d Series, 1863. Dudley, Benjamin Winslow, M.D. By Christopher C. Cox, M.D., LL.D. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 21, 1870. By L. P. Yandell, M.D. Read April 6, 1870, before the Kentucky State Medical Society. DUFFIELD, Benjamin. By Dr. John Neill. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. ix.. New Series, 1863-74. DUNGLISON, ROBLEY, M.D., LL.D. By S. D. Gross, M.D., LL.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. iv.. New Series, 1863-74. By C. C. Cox, M.D., LL.D. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 21, 1870. Emlen, Samuel, M.D. By Charles D. Meigs, M.D. North Amer. Med. and Surg. Journ., vol. vi., 1828. By Dr. Meigs. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadelphians. . APPENDIX. 295 J'^iHir, A nous'i'iNi'; II., M.\>. I>y llor.'ico Y. lOvariH, M.I). 7'rarut. Afid. tSoc. Slate, of I '((.., vol. i.\., J'lirt II., IK?.'}, By John D. Jackson, M.l). Tram. Atnrr. M'd. Axx'x:., vol, 24, 1873. Flint, Austin, M.D. By .J. M. Da Costa, M.l )., i.L.D. Read Oct. 5, 1887. Tram. Coll. /'/u/s. /Viilnd., vol. x., 8<1 Hcries. Fox, Georoe, M.l). I'.y W. S. W. Ruaciienberger, M.I). Tram. OdI. f'InjH. Philad., vol. vii., •'}(! Series, 1884. Gebhard, Lewis 1'., M.l). By George Hamilton, M.D. IVant. Med. Soc. State of l\i., vol. X., Piirt I., 1.S74. Gerhard, William W., M.l). By Thomas Stcwardson, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. iv., New Series, ]8(J3-74. Gibbons, Henry, M.D. Anon. Med. and Surg. Reporter Philad., Nov. 22, 1884. By Prof. li. C. Lane. Pacific Med. and Surg. Journ. and Western Lancet, pp. 49-60, vol. 28, 1885. Editorial notice, vol. 27, p. 268. Gilbert, William Kent, M.D. By .T. i\I. Toner, M.D. Tran». Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 32, 1881. Glentworth, George, M.D. Anon. Columbian Magazine, vol. 9, 1792. Grant, William R., M.D. By Dr. Atlee. Tram. CAl. Phys. Philad., vol. i., New Series, 1850-53. By Henry S. Patterson, IM.D. — with portrait. Simpson's Lives of Emi- nent Philaddphians. Greene, James M., M.D., U. S. Navy. By W. S. W. Ruschenberger, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med. As.-\.\). Jtond .June, 1H41. MH. JJio(jra/j/i.lmi l^kefdirH. Lib. Coll. Phyn. I'hilad. V. 009. Casket, IHIJO. Sirnpson'a TAvch of Eminent I'hiladdjihiam. WilliainH's Amer. Med. Biogr., 1845. By Casper Morris, M.D. Amer. Med. Biocjr. By B. D. Gross, M.D. 1861. By Job R. Tyson. Read Fob. 1, 1K30, before tbo Hist. Hoc. Pa. ramphlet, 183G. Jewell, Wilson, M.D. By Williiim T. Taylor, M.D. Tranf. Med. Soc. State of Pa., vol. xiii., 1880. Tram. Amer. Med. Assoc., vol. 31, 1880. Jones, John, M.D. Thacher's Amer. Med. Bior/r. Copied from Meaae's notice. By Janu's Mease, M.D. 7'he Surgical Works of the latr John Jones, M.D. Philad. 1795. King, James, M.D. By J. M. Toner, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med. Asuoc, vol. 31, 1880. KiRKBRlDE, Thomas S., M.D. By John Curwen, M.D. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. xxii., 1885. Anon. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., vol. xvii., 1885. Klapp, Joseph, M.D. Anon. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., vol. xvii., 1885. Klapp, William Henry, M.D. By D. Francis Condie, M.D. Trans. OiU. Phys. Philad., vol. iii., 1856-62; also, Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., 2d Series, Part II., 1857. Knight, Jonathon, M.D. By Christopher C. Cox, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 16, 1865. KuHN, Adam, M.D. By one of his pupils. The Eclectic Repertory, vol. viii., Philad. 1818. Anon. The Eclectic Repertory, vol. 7 ; also, pamphlet. Thacher's Amer. Med. Biogr. La Roche, Rene, M.D. By John D. Jackson, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 24, 1873. By J. G. Naucrede, M.D. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadelphiant. Lamb, John Ferguson, M.D. By Lawrence TurnbuU, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc State of Pa., 6th Scries, Part II., 1871. Leavitt, Thaddeus L., M.D. By Robert X. Downs, M.D. Trajis. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. v., 3d Series, 1881. 298 APPENDIX. Le Coxte, John Lawrence, M.D. By George H. Horu, M.D. Froc. Amer. F/iihs. Sue, vol. xxi., 1883-84. By Samuel H. Scudder. Read before the National Academy of Science, April 17, 1884. Trans. Amer. Entomological Soc. Philacl. Mauey, Francis Fontaine, M.D. By Samuel W. Gross, M.D. Trans. Med. Sac. State of Pa., vol. xiii. Maybury, William, A.M., M.D. By A. Nebinger, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., vol. x., Part II., 1875. McClellan, George, M.D. By S. G. Morton, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phjs. Philad., vol. 2, 1846-49. Pamphlet. By W. Darrach, M.D. " Introductory Lecture, Pennsylvania College, 1847-48." Pamphlet. Philad., 1847. Anon. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadclphians. By J. H. B. McClellan, M.D. Amer. Med. Biogr. By S. D. Gross, M.D. 1861. HcNaughton, James, M.D. By G. W. Tucker. M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. Co. of Albany, N. Y., p. 363, vol. iii. Albany, N. Y., 1883. Meigs, Charles D., M.D. By J. Forsyth Meigs, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. iv.. New Series, 1863-74. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc., vol. 24, 1873. By John Bell, M.D. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. xiii., 1873. By John D. Jackson, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc., vol. 24, 1873. Meigs, James Aitkin, M.D. By Henry C. Chapman, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. v., 3d Series, 1881. By George Hamilton, M.D. Trans. Med. hoc. State of Pa., vol. xiii., 1880. By Lawrence Turnbull, M.D. The Medical Bulletin. Pamphlet, 1881. By Frank Woodbury, M.D. Tram. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 31, 1880. Meigs, J. Forsyth, M.D. By Arthur V. Meigs, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. vii., 3d Series, 1884. By William Pepper, M.D. Proc Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. xxi., April, 1863, to Jan. 1864. Miller, Henry, M.D. By S, D. Gross, M.D. T-ans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 26, 1875. Mitchell, John Kearsley, M.D. By A. Nebinger, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., New Series, Part IV., 1859. Moore, John. By J. Wilson Moore, M.D. Read Nov. 1, 1856. MS. Bio- graphical Sketches. Lib. Coll. Phys. Philad. F. 909. APPENDIX. 299 Morgan, John, M.D. By Benjamin Hush, M.D. (IntrodiicU;ry lecture delivered Nov. 2, 1780.) The I'hiltid. Jnurn. of the Med. and Phyn, Sc., vol. i., 1H'20. Anon. Blof/7'aj)hl(i A/nermma, New York, 1X25. Anon. North Avter. Afcd. and Surr/. Jnurn., \(>\. iv., 1827. Tliacher'H Amer. Med. Jilfxjr. By George W. Norris, M.D. The Early HUlorii of Medicine in J'hilatlel- phia. Philad., 1886. Morris, Caspar, M.D. By J. Chester Morris, M.D. Read before the Col- lege Nov. 2, 1887. IVans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. x., 3d Series. Morton, Samuel George, M.D. By George B.Wood. Tram. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. i., New Series, 1850-53. By Sanford B. Hunt, M.D. Amer. Med. Biogr. By S. D. Gross, M.D., 1861. Anon. Sim])son's Lives of Eminent Philadelphian-'i. By William R. Grant, M.D. Introductory Lecture. By C. D. Meigs, M.D. Proc. Acad. Natl Sc. Philad., 1851. MussEY, R. D., M.D. Anon. Tram. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 18, 1867. Mutter, Thomas Dent, M.D. By J. Pancoast, M.D. Tran-<^. Med. Soc. State of Pa., New Series, Part V., 1860. Simpson's Lives of Eminent I'hila- delphians. Nebinger, Andrew, M.D. By J. H. Grove, M.D. Read before the Philad. Co. Med. Soc., May 11, 1887. Pamphlet, with portrait, Philad., 1887. Neill, Henry, M.D. By J. M. Paul, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. 2, 1846-49. Anon. Trans. Amer. 3Ied. Assoc, vol. 3, 1850. Neill, John, M.D. By Edward Shippen, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. iv., 3d Series, 1881. By D. G. Brintou, M.D. Proc Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. xix., 1880. Norris, George W., I\I.D. By William Hunt, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. ii., 3d Series, 1876. Otto, John C, M.D. By Isaac Parrish, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. i., 1841-46. Anon. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 3, 1850. Simpson's Liv€s of Em in cut Pit iladelph ians. Parke, Thomas, M.D. By Joseph Parrish, M.D. Read before the Coll. Phys. Philad., June 7, 1836. MS. Biographical Memoirs. Libr. OoU. Phys. Philad. F. 909. 300 APPENDIX. Parker, Willard, M.D. Anon. Med. and Surg. Reporter P/iilad., vol. 50, May 3, 1SS4. Parrish, Isaac, M.D. By Samuel Jackson, M.D., of Northumberland, Trans. Coll. P/iyx. Philad., vol. i., New Series, 1850-53. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadelphians. Parrish, Joseph, M.D, By George B.Wood, M.D. Eead May 4, 1841. MS. Biographical Memoirs. Libr. Coll. Phys. Philad. F. 909. By George B. Wood, M.D. Philad. Med. Soc. Pamphlet, 1840. Williams's Amer. Med. Biography, 1846. Amer. Journ. of the Med, Sc, vol. xxvi. Paery, John S., M.D. By James V. Ingham, M.D. Tram. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. ii., 3d Series, 1876. Patterson, Henry S., M.D. Anon. Simpson's Lives of Eminent J'hiladel- phians — with portrait. Paul, John Marshall, M.D. By Edward Shippen, M.D., U. S. Navy, Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. v., 3d Series, 1881. Paul, John PvODMAN, M.D. By S. Littell, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. iv., 3d Series, 1879. Peace, Joseph, M.D. By George Fox, M.D. Traiis. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. i., 1841-46. Pennock, C. W., M.D. By Wm. W. Gerhard, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. iv., New Series, 1863-74. By C. C. Cox, M.D., LL.D., Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 21, 1870, Pepper, William, M.D. By Thomas S. Kirkbride, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. iv., New Series, 1863-74. By Augustine H. Fish, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., 4th Series, Part I., 1865. Anon. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 18, 1867. Pereira, Jonathan, M.D. Anon. London Lancet, Feb. 1853. Medical Examiner, March, 1853. Randolph, Jacob, M.D. By George W. Norris, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol, 2, 1846-49. By J. Aitkin Meigs, M.D. Arner. Med. Biogr. By S. D. Gross, M.D. 1861. Anon. With portrait— Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadelphians, Ray, Isaac, M.D., LL.D. By Thomas S. Kirkbride, M.D. T-ans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol, v., 3d Series, 1881. By Charles K. Mills, M.D. The Medico-Legal Journal, vol. v. New 'York, 1887, AIMMONDIX. y>()l Redman, .Iomn, M.\>. 'riniclicr'H Amnr. Med. Biogr. Aiion. Jii()(ir(i,i)liia Aiaerlcnna. Now York, 1H2.'). Anon. Mcdicid Mimruni., vol. v., 1808. REMINirroN, IhaA(;, M.I). F{y Sijiiiix; LilU'll, M.I). Trans. (!nV. I'lnj^i. I'hilad., vol. iii., 18r)(;-(;2. By George JIaiuilton, M.I), 'franx. Med. Soc. Stntc nf I'n.^ J'art J I., yd Series, 18G3. By Christopher (!. Cox, M.D. Tram. Amor. Med. Ashoc, vol. 14, 1863. Revekk, John, M.I). By Valciitinc Mott, :\I.I). rinuphlct, 8vo. j.. 40. New York, 1847. Anon. MedicAil Exnmi)ier,\9>^l . Tram. Ai/ier. Mnl. A-isoc, vol. 'i, iXoO. Rhoads, Edward, M.D. By William Pepper, M.D. Tram. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. iv., New Scries, 18()3-74. By Henry Hartshorne, M.D. J*roc. Avicr. /'kilos. Soc, vol. xii., 1871. Ritchie, Thomas H., M.D. By John Marshall Paul, M.D. Read Sept. 5, 1837. MS. Biographical Sketches. Lib. Coll. J'hys. J'hilad. F. !»09. Rogers, Robert E., M.D. By W. S. W. Ruschenberger, M.D. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. xxiii., 1880. By J. W. Holland, SI.D. Eulogy delivered at Jefferson Med. Coll., Sept. 30, 1885. Pamphlet. RUAN, Dr. John. By Henry Bond, M.D. Tram. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. i., 1841-46. Rush, Benjamin, M.D. Life of. Anon. Delaplaine's Repository of the Lives and Portraits of Distinguished Americans, vol. i., Part II., 1816. [Written by Dr. Charles Caldwell, see his Autobiography.] Anon. Thacher's Amer. Med. Biogr. Chalmer's Biography. Ree's Cyclopedia. New England Med. Journ. Amer. Med. and Philos. Register, New Y'ork, vol. iv., 1814. Simpson's Lives of Eminent Phila- delphians. Anon. Biographia Americana. New Y^ork, 1825. Portfolio, Oct. 1813. Eclectic Repertory, vol. 3, July, 1813. By David Hosack, M.D. Pamphlet. New Y^ork, 1818. Philad. Journ. Med. and Phys. Science, vol. 7, 1823. By David Ramsey, M.D. Pamphlet. By Rev. William Staughton. Pamphlet. Philad., 1813. By Samuel Jackson, M.D. (of Northumberland). Anwr. Med. Biogr. By S. D. Gross, M.D. Philad., 1861. By Samuel L. Mitchell, M.D. Read before Coll. Phys. and Surg. N. Y., June, 1814. ' 302 APPENDIX, By Charles K. Mills, M.D. " Benjamin Rush and American Psychia- try." ■ Medico-Legal Journal, Xew York, ISSG. The biogra]ihical notices of Dr. Benjamin Rush wear the form of eulogy. They lack detail and preciseness. Such records are not sufficient to enable the present generation to estimate fairly the qualities or limits of his merit, or determine to what features of his character his renown is to be ascribed. A life of Dr. Rush, with his correspondence and extracts from his diary, written in a purely judicial spirit would be very instructive. Materials for it may be found in the Ridgway branch of the Philadelphia Library. Sheppaed, Frederick C, M.D. Anon. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., vol. xvii., 1885. Shippen, William, M.D. By Caspar Wistar, M.D., 1809. Philad. Journ. Med. and Pkydcal Sc, vol. 5, 1822. Pamphlet, 1818. Thacher's Amer. Med. Biogr. Extracts from eulogy on, by Dr. Cald- well, 1808. The Portfolio, 1813. Anon. Biogr aphia Americana. New York, 1825. By William E. Horner, M.D. Introductory Lecture to his course on Anatomy, Univ. Pa., Nov. 7, 1841. By George W. Norris, M.D. The Early History of Medicine in Phila- delphia. Philad., 1886. Smith, Albert H., M.D. By Harrison Allen, M.D. Read Dec. 3, 1886., Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. xxiii., 1886. By James Tyson, M.D. Read Feb. 2, 1887. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad.,. 3d Series, vol. ix. Smith, Francis Gurney, M.D. By J. M. Toner, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med.. Assoc, vol. 29, 1878. By Charles B. Nancrede, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc State of Pa., vol. xii.,. 1878. Smith, Nathan Ryno, M.D. By N. S. Lincoln, M.D. Trans. Med. Assoc, vol. 29, 1878. Smyth, Francis Garden, M.D. By Edward J. Nolan, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc State of Pa., vol. xiii., 1880. Stephens, Alexander H., M.D. By Christopher C. Cox, M.D., LL.D. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 21, 1870. STEWARDf^ON, TiiOMAS, M.D. By W. S. W. Ruschenberger, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. vii., 3d Series, 1884. APPKNDIX. 803 STir/riK, A Mii'.i; r Owen, M.D. I5y ChriHtoiihcr C. Cox, M.D, 7'ranJi. Amer. Med. As.',urn., Feb. 1866. Also, in pamph. " The Delaware State IMed. Soc. and its Founders in the Eighteenth Century," New York, 1866. By A. McLane, M.D., and James Mease, M.D. Thacher's Amer. Med. Biogr. Tucker, David H., M.D. By J. D. Jackson, M.D. Ti-ans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 23, 1872. Turnpenny, Frederick, M.D. By Isaac Parrish, M.D. Read Sept, 1, 1840. MS. Biographical Sketches. Lib. Coll. Phys. Philad. F. 909. TUTT, Charles P., M.D. By W. Lehman Wells, M.D. Trans, ail. Phys. Philad., vol. iv.. New Series, 1863-74. By J. Henry Smaltz. Trans. Med. Soc State of Pa., 4th Series, Part II., 1866. Wallace, Ellerslie, M.D. Anon. Med. and Surg. Reporter Philad. ^ March 14, 1885. Wallace, Joshua M., M.D. By F. G. Smith, M.D. Tram. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. i.. New Series, 1850-53. Warren, John C, M.D. By Edward Warren, M.D. Amer. Med. Biogr. By S. D. Gross, M.D. 1861. Appleton's JS^eiv Amer. Eneyclop. Way, Nicholas, M.D. By L. P. Bush, A.M., M.D. Gaillard's Med. Journ., Feb. 1866. Also, in pamph. " The Delaware State 3Ied. Soc. and its Founders in the Eighteenth Century,'' New York, 1866. Wellford, Beverly Eandolph. By John D. Jackson, M.D. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 24, 1873. 304 APPENDIX. West, Francis, M.D. By Squire Littell, M.D. Irans. Cull. Phys. Philad., vol. iy., New Series, 1863-74. By Christopher C. Cox, M.D., LL.D. Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 21, 1870. Wilson, William B., M.D. By Isaac Parrish, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. i., New Series, 1850-53. WiLTBANK, John, M.D. Anon. Trans. Med. Soc. State of Pa., Part I., 3d Series, 1862. WiSTAR, Caspar, M.D. By William Tilghman, C.J., Pa. Trans. Arner. Philos. Soc, 1818; also, with portrait, in Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadelphians. By Dr. Charles Caldwell. Philad. Med. Soc By David Hosack, M.D. Amer. Med. Recorder, vol. i., 1818. Pamphlet. Ree's Cyclopedia. North American Eevietv. By Caspar Morris, M.D. Amer. Med. Biogr. By S. D. Gross, M.D. 1861. Biographia Americana, New York, 1825. By William E. Horner, M.D. Introductory Lecture to his course on Anat., ' Univ. Pa., Nov. 1831. Anon. Trails Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 19, 1868. Wood, George B., M.D., LL.D. By S. Littell, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. v., 3d Series, Oct. 1881. By Henry Hartshorne, M.D. Read Oct. 11, 1880, before the Amer. Philos. Soc. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. xix., 1880. By W. S. W. R. A7ner. Journ. Med. Sc Oct. 1879. By John H. Packard, M.D. Trails. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 30, 1879. By John H. Packard, M.D. Trans. Med. Soc State of Pa., vol. xii., 1879, Yardley, Thomas H., M.D. By Squire Littell, M.D. Trans. Coll. Phys. Philad., vol. iii., 1856-62, p. 276. CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY OF TIFE INSTITUTION OF THE COLLEGE OF J'llVSlCIANS OF PIIILADELFIIIA. COMMEMORATIVI'] ADDRESS. By S. WEIK MITCHELL, M.D., LL.D., PRESIDENT OF TIIIC COLLEGE. [Delivered Juimary 3, 1887.] We arc met this evening to commemorate the hundredth birthday of the ohiest medical society in America -which is not a State organi- zation. New Jersey and Massachusetts have State societies of older date, which of necessity met rarely, and were chiefly meant to give unity, force, and discipline to a profession, the members of which were widely scattered over a thinly peopled countr3^ One hundred years ago the grave and kindly man whose portrait hangs above me at our meetings, met the Fellows of this ancient College as their first President. In words which quaintly represent to-day my own feelings, John Redman expressed his sense of the honor then conferred upon him and of the responsibility created by such an audience; '"for,"" said he, ''when I look around me I see so many gentlemen of character for learning, ingenuity, and integrity in the profession and practice of physick,"" and some whose talents have early called them forth into publick notice, and offices of dignity in the medical line, and who have conducted therein for many years so much to their own reputation, and to the advancement and satisfaction of their pupils and of their fellow-citizens." 20 306 MITCHELL, At the close of his address he confesses that his mind has taken a more serious turn, and says, " I think it is very becoming in us at the commencement of this our Institution, to acknowledge the Su- preme Being to be our sovereign lord and ruler," and thus goes on into a simple and straightforward prayer, "that through all the days of this College, they who sat about and all who are to come publickly and privately serve their generation faithfully, according to God's will, that they may find rewards beyond the grave." "When John Redman thus seriously addressed the founders of what he called "'a collegiate society." he was sixty-five years of age. He was born forty-one yeai's after William Penn laid out this city. The men he so feelingly counselled were all his juniors. He looked back over the larger part of a century, during which his new-born country had leaped to sturdy life, and set an example that had helped to bring unthought-of changes to its great European ally — a century of disturbing political and social thought — fertile in revolutionary activities. To understand the men over whom he presided, to comprehend tlie inheritance of examples they left us, to realize above all how peculiar have been the relations of the physician to the social and political existence of Philadelphia, it is necessary to look back through the century which preceded the foundation of this College. The history of any profession in connection with the progress and wrowth of a new country is of the utmost interest, and of no profes- sion is this more true than of ours. The bar, the army, the navy, and, in other lands, the church, have distinct natural relations to the government, but the physician has none, and in monarchial coun- tries this fact has served to create for him annoying social limitations which are but too slowly fading as communities grow into intelligent disregard of feudal traditions. His position in any community is a fair test of its good sense. But in new lands, peopled by the self- selection of the fittest, by those who have the courage of enterprise, and the mental and moral outfit to win for it success, the physician is sure to take and keep the highest place, and to find open to him more easily than to others wealth, social place, and, if he desire it, the higher service of the State. Nowhere was this more true than in this city. In New England the clergy were for a long time dom- COMMKMOI'.ATIVK ADDRKSS^ 807 iiiiinl. In New Yovk tlicii, ;is now, (•()iiiiiiiTci;i] huccosh was tlic surest roiul l.o sociiil iiosilion. Sonlli of iih it was llif I;indlioI(lor ■wlio ruled witli undisputed sway. l)Ut in tliis city — I may Kay in tliis Stat(( — from the lir.sl settlement until to-day the [)liysif;ian \i;iH lield an almost uinjuesiioned and somewhat curious f»reemineri(X'. lie is and always lias I)cen i-elatively a more hroadly important per- sonage here than elsewhere. If this be not as clear to you as it is to me, let me remind you that in every Icgishitiire of this ( 'ommonwealth you will find a dozen members of our })rofcssion who have for a time taken up the duties of lawgivers, intending to return again to their practice. I observe on the list of our Fellows to-day many men, and they are of our best, who have been or who are directors of insurance companies or .saving funds, or even of banks, a thing almost unheard-of in cities where the lower civilization of commerce is dominant. You will find them, also, in unusual numbers on our collegiate boards. Our great charities are never without some of them in their councils, and the Philadelphia Library is obliged, under the will of James Rush, to have in its direction three physicians. In our hospital boards, and still more largely in our learned societies, they are equally well represented. Says a learned historian, writing of the Philadelphia of 1828, "•Nothing struck me so much as the social force and influence of the physicians. I was familiar with other cities, and nowhere else did they seem to me to be so distinctly the leaders of social life.'" The exceptional position whicli we occupy here is in a large measure due to the good fortune which early in our history directed to these shores a remarkable group of physicians, the friends and co- religionists of Penn. As I am chiefly addressing Pennsylvanians, I shall not venture to say much of men whose names are still familiar. I desire, how- ever, to show what breadth of liberty they had to do things which nowadays would scarcely be regarded as within the legitimate career of the largest-minded physician. Edward Jones, chirurgeon, came over in 1682. His fiither-in-law, Thomas Wynne, set sail in the "Welcome," with his friend William Penn, in that same August. These were both physicians of gentle breeding, and of the best edu- 308 MITCHELL, cation their day could offer. Thomas Wynne "was an active practi- tioner of "physick, and yet found time to become President of the first Assembly -which met in the province, and in -which sat also his son-in-la-w, Jones. Both of these men lived to hold many offices of political trust and honor in their adopted country. Next in our medical genealogy comes Thomas Lloyd. There is, •what was called in Friends' phraseology, a testimony^ concerning him -which, heard pleasantly across the turmoil of nearly two cen- turies, tells how that " he had a great practice, .... and generally good success, -whereby it was often his lot to be amongst many of account in the Avorld Yet being a man of tender spirit, he was conscientiously careful over his patients whether poor or rich. In the new land he sought for conscience' sake he was still for a while a physician. How, think you, did he find time to act as Deputy-Governor under Penn, President of Council, Keeper of the Great Seal of the Commonwealth ? Apparently the good and great William Penn took care of his physician, for we hear that his friend Dr. Griffith Owen held the posts of Member of Assembly, Deputy- Master of the Rolls, and Commissioner of Property, The early part of the next century Avas as fortunate. Lloyd Zachary, the grandson of that accomplished physician and trusted ruler Lloyd, was the first physician elected to the Pennsylvania Hospital, and was what we would call Port Physician in 1725. He shared this duty with Thomas Graeme, a Scotch physician, who arrived with Governor Keith in 1715. Besides being thrown into large practice by the death of Griffith Owen, this gentleman was at various times Naval Officer, a Councillor, Master-in-Chancery, and at last Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, for which we may note that he received ,£50 a year. He was the first president and the founder of the now ancient and still useful St. Andrew's Society for giving aid to destitute Scotchmen, assisted to create the Philosophical Society, was with Zachary, the two Bonds, Moore, Cadwalader, and Redman, of the first staff of the Pennsylvania Hospital, and died in 1 Levick, J. J. Early Physicians of Philadelphia, etc. commi-:mokativk addkess. 809 1772, CoWrciov <((■ llic I'oit. Oti lii.s t;otnl>stoiic in riiri.st rjmrch- yiird, it i.s waid of liiiii, mikI it woiiM .scoin with ju.st ice, tliat " Tin: soul lliut, lived williiii Ihi- cruiiihlin^ (Ui»t, In ovory jict wuh ciniticntly jiifl ; IVnCofiil throiii^h life, n'< pcarfful, too, in flf^ath, VVilliniil, line |miiLC 1](! rciulcrcd buck hi.s breath." The men I Iiave here so briefly (lescril)O(l were, with the exception of tlie last, of" the Society of Friends — Gncme was of the Church of Enghmd. The great struggle between the Presbyterian settlers of the interior of the State and the followers of Pcnn was now in full tide. Already other sects than those of Penn began to be promi- nent, and henceforward we find physicians of eminence who were not of the creed of Fox, but neither in the seventeenth nor the eighteenth century do we observe in Pennsylvania what was very common in early New England and New Jersey — men doubly occupied as physicians and clergymen. To the new group of men belong, also, the two Kearsleys, to one of whom, John, a memlter of the Assembly, we owe the interesting spire of Christ Church, and the endowment of Christ Church Hos- pital for reduced women. Kearsley's pupils — or, as was then said, apprentices — were all natives of the country, and among them were Zachary, Cadw'alader, William Shippen, Sr., the Bonds, Cadwalader Evans, Redman, Bard, and John Kearsley, Jr. Bard speaks with energetic disgust of his master's exactions. . The pupil was constantly subject to his orders. He carried medicines to the sick, or prepared drugs for use by his master in his daily rounds ; he made fires, kept the office clean, and did other less agreeable duties commonly de- volving nowadays on servants. William Shippen, a founder of the College of New Jersey, was, with Redman, the only one of Kearsley's pupils alive in Philadelphia wdien this College was instituted. An active Presbyterian, he was a trustee of Princeton College and of the College of Philadelphia, Vice-President of the Philosophical Society, one of the staff of the Hospital, and, later in life, a member of the Continental Congress. Thomas Cadwalader was a descendant of Wynne and Edward Jones, and, like the men of his day, active in scientific societies, 310 MITCHELL, hospital work, and the stormy politics of his time. Unlike Ke.ars- ley, he Avas a, stauneh -whig, and his two sons, John and Lambert, were both soldiers of distinction. His sedate visage hangs in your hall to justify the words in Avhich John Redman regretted that he had not lived long enough to become the first officer of this body. " One," he says, '' on whose age, character, and reputation for medical ability and respectable deportment to and among us, as .well as his generous, just, and benevolent temper of mind and great acquaintance with books and men and things, and proper attention to times and seasons, would, I am persuaded, have pointed him out as our first object." He is sure that his name will readily occur to the Fellows. "Nor need I mention it," he adds, "but that I naturally recollect with pleasure the name of our worthy and well-respected brother, and my much esteemed friend, Thomas Cad- walader. He grieves, in like manner, that Thomas Bond could not, also, have preceded him in office, " a man of judgment and skill, of inde- fatigable assiduity to the last in the practice of physick and surgery." I should have found it difficult to say less as regards the notable personages who came and went on the scene of our Colonial history, and Avho brought to their medical work the tastes, manners, and education of gentlemen, and to its completeness, high-minded sense of duty. It was needful that I spoke of them in order to show how perfect has been the good fortune which, from the day when the " Welcome " brought us Thomas Wynne up to the present hour, has failed not to give us like men, gifted with like intellectual qualities, holding the same lofty traditions of honor and industry, ready to take up our unending task whenever an older and wearied generation laid it down. The century was in its last third. A new group of physicians, nearly all young or in early middle age, and trained in an eventful war, had come upon the stage. The city contained about 45,000 people. It was the seat of Government and of the largest social life the land afforded. Still predominant in commerce, it was also active in education and science. The College of Philadelphia had been for a time suppressed, the University had been medically organized, the Federal constitution was in debate, and Washington, a man of fifty- COMMEMOKATIVK AI>I»IIKS,S. 311 six yciirs, w:is rcsidi^nt in l'liil;i(|rlplii;i. l''itcli was constructing his first stcaiiiboat. Wlio fii'st sui^;^<_'stL'(l till,' loniiatioii oltlii.s College is unknown, hut as many of our Fellows were educated in Edinburgh, it is likely enough that the success of its Society, which dated from 17'3o, may have led them to imitate it here. 1 have myself seen on its diploma the name of " Caspar Wistar Prajses annuus." We know as little of the earlier steps taken toward the foundation of this College. John Redman, your first President, says that " at the first meeting to organize ourselves by choosing proper officers and members so as to constitute a body," he was elected President. He adds, " I went home under a strong impression of the weight both of the office and my obligations to you." Then he tells us that he was unable to attend the next meeting, and apparently it is at a third meeting that he delivers the address from which I have already quoted. Its faded ink and formal, patient writing seem to take one back to a less hurried era, and speak eloquently of the busy years which have come and gone since my serious-minded predecessor looked forward hopefully anticipating your future usefulness. It would seem that the Colleo;e was oro-anized some time in 1786, but as to this we have no record other than that just mentioned. The first meeting of which we have a minute took place on .January 2, 1787, and to this date we have always referred as our natal day. On that 2d of January, 1787, in the- evening, in a little house used by the University and known as Surgeons' Hall, on Fifth Street south of Library, assembled a portion of the notable group of men who then constituted this College. By the dim light of candles, for which I have found the modest bill, clad after the fashion of the day, some in Quaker dress and some in knee breeches, silk stockings, and low shoes with buckles, most of them carrying, I fancy, the gold-headed cane and the meditative snuff-box, some with queues or powdered w'igs, a fading fashion, were John Jones, William Ship- pen, Jr., Adam Kuhn, Benjamin Rush. Thomas Parke, Gerardus Clarkson, Samuel Duffield, James Hutchinson. "William W. Smith, AndrcAV Ross. William Clarkson, .James Hall, William Currie. The full roll of Fellows and Junior Fellows in January, 1787, adds 312 MITCHELL, the names of John Redman, John Morgan, George GlentAvorth, Abraham Chovet, Benjamin Say, Samuel Powel Griffitts, Benjamin Duihekl, John Morris, John Carson, John Foulke, Robert Harris. Before our charter was obtained in 1789, there were added Nathan Dorsey, John R. B. Rodgers, Caspar Wistar, Jr., James Cuningham, Charles Moore, Michael Leib, John H. Gibbons. They Avere in all twenty-four when they met in January, 1787, and thirty-one when they were incorporated in 1789. Only three of their names are to-day represented on our present list ; but many more are familiar to your ears, and if we include the men I have previously mentioned, you will find that a large share of the best known families of our cit}^ trace their lineage from one or other of this memorable group. It would, in fact, be easy to give you a long catalogue of families distinguished in our national and local history, or in our social life, who inherit the blood of one or more of the phy- sicians I have named or have yet to name ; but as some of those here present may have the misfortune not to be able to claim the honor of medical ancestry I generously refrain. The portraits of many of these notable personages ornament our halls, and tell in their ruddy complexions of men who lived much out of doors and often in the saddle, and illustrate the changes which time is making in the physical conditions of our race. Here are descendants of the settlers who, armed only with the courage of good intention, came to the wilderness with Penn, or followed soon after. Welsh or English, nearly all of them, but two represent the German element; only four have middle names — as to which a curious change is seen in the later years. The older men generally sign first. The President was sixty- five ; Jones, fifty-eight ; Morgan, Shippen, and Kuhn, each fifty- one. These were physicians who assisted at the troublous birth of a great nation. I fancy that I can see in their resolute faces the lines left by the sorrows and trials of those eventful years when they rode with the great Virginian, and shared with him the hardships of doubtful campaigns and the triumphs of Princeton and Yorktown. Among them were the friends and physicians of Washington, Frank- lin, Hamilton, Jefferson, and Adams. They held to their medical COMMKMORATIVK AUUHEHH. 313 opinions, ;i,m W(; sIkiII sec, with tlu; SiiiiK; ;il).>olntc helicf tliaf. con- I rolled ilicir |)oIiiir,;il iidions, .'iimI wore nearly nH really to fight for the one as lor the other. As to their nuMheal ancestry, tlie he.st of them had been educated at Edinburgh, whicli Hchool is tlie parent of our University. Genealogically, we might speak of our College and of the University as ejiildren of Edinburgh, and grandchildren of Ley den. Linger with me n little, and learn who and what were these our medical forefathers; the men who had won fame and matured char- acter on the field and in the hospital wherewith to face the yet darker hours of the deadly plague so soon to thin their ranks. The most illustrious of our profession are not always the most lovable. Your first president, John liedman, was a man whom all men respected and all men loved. He spent a year at Edinburgh, was graduated at Leyden, in 1748, under Albinus, and returned home to practise finally only medicine, declining midwifery and sur- gery. In his medical creed he was a sturdy follower of Sydenham. Like the most of his fellows, he bled without hesitation and believed that the American needed more positive treatment than his degen- erate British ancestor. Except his thesis on abortion, a defence of inoculation, and his excellent account of the yellow fever of 1764, he left little behind him. A man gentle without lacking force, re- ligious without a trace of bigoti-y, and finding in his faith only larger reasons for cheerfulness. Quick of temper and as quick to regret it; punctual, charitable, exact, a type of what the practice of our pro- fession makes out of the best characters, he constantly declined polit- ical place. We are told " that he suspended pain by his soothing manner or chased it away by his conversation."" (jne would like to possess the secret of this anesthetic kindness. He died in 1808 at the age of eighty-six, and, Ave are told, was mourned and missed most by the destitute, being like that physician of whom Somervile says " For well thy soul can understand, The poor man's call is God's command."' John Jones, our first Vice-President, was of another type. His two grandfathers were Edward Jones and Thomas Wynne. He went abroad early, and again at a later date, and became the warm friend 314 MITCHELL, of Hunter and Pott. In 1755 he served with Sir William Johnson in the French war, settled in New York, and left it when it was occupied by the British. For a time he sat in the Senate of New York, then entered the army, and in 1778 settled here, where he succeeded Redman in the hospital, became the first President of the Humane Society, and was physician to the Dispensary until his death in 1791. We owe to him the first American book on surgery in 1775. He dedicated it to Cadwalader, and says, " If I cannot cure the fatal disease of my unfortunate country, I can at least pour a little balm into her bleeding wounds." John Jones was of the Society of Friends, and lies, since 1791, after their fashion, in a nameless grave under the maples in their Arch Street burial-ground. He was a man tranquil of temper, easy and polite, fond of poetry and belles-lettres; a surgeon so expert in lithotomy that he frequently operated for stone in a minute and a half. For this malady he attended Franklin, of whose philosophic cheerfulness he has left a clear account. In 1790 he went to New York to consult in the case of Washington, who suflFered at that time from some acute disease of the lungs. I pause to add that another of our Fellows, Plunket Glentworth, son of the founder George, also attended Washington in Philadelphia in 1797.^ I have seen a letter to John Lewis, in which the illus- trious patient says of this physician, "No nobler man or more skilful physician ever lived," and calls him his "estimable friend" — almost the sole record of this Glentworth — the friend of Washington. Of John Morgan, one can only speak with admiration. There is in this State a portrait of him by Angelica Kauffman, and the excel- lent copy in our hall has all the charm of distinction and manly beauty. The student and friend of Hunter and the famous Hewson; he knew well Voltaire and the great Morgagni, Avho gave him the noble copy of his works now in our library, inscribing on the first page " Viro experienlissimo et humanissimo D? D] .Joanni Morgan. Auctor." 1 The Hon. George Bancroft tells me that about this date Washington under- went an operation for some rectal disease, but as to its nature we know nothing further. COMMEMOIIATIVI'] ADUKKHS. 315 Jii lii.s tlmsis on pus, Mor;^;in ;int,ici|);il((l I lujitcr's theory of its origin I'loiri tlic Mood. lie came home, aged twenty-nine years, a ()!r!Mlii;i(,e in M('(li(;!iic of I'^dinbiirf^li, Member of the French Academy of Siii'^ery, Fellow of the; Koynl Society, and with the honors of the Colleges of l"i, In IKJl we gain llic firsT I jHTsonally itiikiiiImt, tlic lionorcd and \S'-ll-lovt;(l Ilewson, sometime our president, llicn ('Iiapman, oi" joyous and soeial fame, Neill, Tarisli, the Bartons, and llartshoi'nc. And now, in 1823, Currie, Parke, and Griffitts, alone, seem to be left of our institutors, but as to some others I can find no note. It i.s difficult to explain the intellectual inactivity of the College in these years. It was rather paresis than paralysis, inertness than want of power. But why did we survive at all ? The Academy had perished, the Philadelphia Medical Lyceum had come and gone. The Philadel- phia INtedical Society, the Kappa Lambda, the Medical Association of Pliiladelpliia, had l)een organized and were soon to die out or had already disappeared. We were saved, I fancy, by that which preserves the vitality of families — great traditions which nourish jiride and the conservative power of property — careful treasurers had Ijegun to hoard for us a little money, and our library, if as yet small, was valuable. More- over, we were still, as always, the public advisors, and the position of advisor is one which flatters. Then came the fortunate accessions from 1824, and we win illustrative force as we get Hartshorne, Bond, Hodge, Meigs, La Roche, John K. Mitchell, Darrach, and notably Wood and Bache, familiar collocation of names, and almost as one in friendship and usefulness : Pennock and Gerhard, Hays, Pancoast, Miitter, Carson, Dunglison, Norris, McClellan, Randolph, Pepper. Catalogues of names are valueless, but these are winged with memo- ries. Thenceforward our meetings grow richer in interest, even if at times some lack of activity is still obvious. There is now too much work done for careful analysis here. Twice vain efforts are made to limit the Fellowship. A fee-bill is formed in 1824, and we find only twelve surgical operations enumerated. These multiply in later tables of charges, but one would be puzzled to make such a list to-day. At last we abolish the whole business and leave men to act in this matter as seems best to them. We have come now to the time when physicians, yet alive and active, began to be felt in our afftiirs. All those I have just named 330 MITCHELL, are dead. Let us turn anew to what we have done as a College, Avork in which all have helped, and which shows hest the affectionate interest with which we have all regarded this institution. We met first in Fifth Street. In 1791 we carried ourselves and our modest library — one case of books — to the Philosophical Society rooms, whence Ave journeyed to the Mercantile Library building, then on Fifth Street, and in 1854 to the small house on Spruce Street, within the Hospital grounds. As I first climbed its well- known stairs in 1856, 1 remembered the picture, by West, of Christ healing the sick, which in my childhood hung on the wall, and gave to the little hall the name of the "Picture House." The debates used to be sharp in those days. There was Wood in the chair, most courteous of men, gently formal, and of ever-ready kindness to younger physicians ; a peace-making presence when the too positive Condie was raging in debate, and Charles Meigs, with his poetic nature and talk of singular freshness, was spurred to sharp reply, and Hodge grew graver and yet more sedate, and Bache sat ready to drop with deliberate slowness of contradiction on the inaccurate. As I write, the visage of Gerhard returns to me with its grim humor. A man quick of speech and as quick to regret, an unbalanced nature, but a keen and subtile observer. There is stout George Fox, and the slight, delicate figure of La Roche beside our great surgeon Pan- coast, sturdy, earnest, kindly, and original, a curious physical con- trast to his colleague Miitter, small, exquisitely neat in person, and courtly in manner. You will forgive my gossip. I should like to believe that our juniors have reason to look up to us as we did to these men. A crown seemed as remote to me then as the chair which, by your grace, I now hold. We owe our present home chiefly to the liberality of George B. Wood, to George Fox, and to the unceasing efforts of Isaac Hays, who, as chairman of our Building Committee, served the College with that high-minded sense of duty Avhich he carried into every re- lation of life. In 1856 our building fund, by careful nursing, had grown to $16,000. Our first large accession, like much else that is good, came from Wood. A western quack had infringed the copyright of COMMKMOllATIVK A I>1)UESS. 331 the Dispensatory, iuid (lie iiciivy (hiirniircs ;i\v:ir(]c(l wore generously given to our liiiiidiii;^ (uimI. in tlic niiTnc y(;ar, by good fortune, 'IMioriias I)(!iit Miitt(fr ollrrcd to givo us Ins irniseuin and to jijave us an endowment of !jfo(),iivid of old, or Wiidond, JJell, Condie, Coates, Jackson, Hodge, Huston, Meigs, Laroche, Morris, Wood, and others. Through the smoke of the conflict I can still distinguish the characteristic fence of the several combatants ; the vehemence of some, the placid equanimity of others, the fallacies of one's reasoning, and the stern logic of his antagonist. Especially do I recall how George B. Wood was apt to conclude a discussion by one of those convincing statements that issued from his calm, clear mind, as coin from a minting machine. Not less dis- tinctly do I remember the mingled earnestness and conviction with which Charles D. Meigs was wont to plead for a notion that for the time captivated his imagination. Indeed, I shall never forget how, for nearly two hours, he once held the attention of the College while he expounded his most fanciful doctrine of "The Cholera Sqeeze." Alas ! these men and all their compeers have emigrated to the silent land, and their figures are invisible to all but the scanty survivors who linirer a little behind them. All of these physicians, and others their contemporaries, were edu- cated men. They had imbibed the spirit even more than the letter of the humanities by a classical education, and were apt to resent the invasion of their territory by scientific materialism, and re- fused to believe, what time, however, has demonstrated, that it could be wrested from them. But as the College increased by the election of younger men, the old strata were submerged beneath the newer, and deeds, rather than words, became the test and warrant of dis- tinction. Five-and-forty years ago the College held its meetings in the Hall of the American Philosophical Society. It lived there a sort of parasitic life, and was endowed with hardly more vitality than the trunk to which it was attached. It must have felt in itself a capacity for living independently in a habitation of its own, for in 1845 it migrated from its old quarters to a room in the building of the 22 338 STILLE, Mercantile Library, at the southeast corner of Fifth and Library Streets. Dr. Thomas T. Hewson was then its President, a man whose learning and skill as physician and surgeon were as remarkable as the urbanity and dignity of his manner. LTnder his presidency took place many of the notable debates I have referred to. Then also Avere presented many substantial papers on professional subjects, besides a series of annual reports on the progress of eight depart- ments of medicine. These have long since been superseded by the "Abstracts " and " Year-books " published at home and abroad. On the demise, in 1848, of Dr. Hewson, after thirteen years' service as President, Dr. Wood was elected to succeed him, and held the office by successive annual elections until his death, in 1879, in the eighty- third year of his age, as full of honors as of years, eminent for his personal character, his professional distinction, and his wide and munificent liberality. It was in the same locality, and in 1849, that what seemed an almost fantastic dream was first entertained — of providing a hall for the College, and a small fund in its possession was then devoted to the purpose, and confided to Drs. Wood, John Rodman Paul, and George Fox as trustees. To their wise and prudent management of it, we owe the foundation, and much more than the foundation, of the great building in which we are this day assembled. In 1854 the College removed to the building belonging to the Pennsylvania Hospital, and known as the '-Picture House," because it had been built to accommodate West's picture of " Christ Healing the Sick," which he had given to the hospital. It is one of the series now in the Academy of the Fine Arts. In this comparatively elegant and commodious habitation, and breathing a medical instead of a com- mercial atmosphere, the languid life of the College was revived; its meetings were larger and more animated; its building fund increased rapidly, and not only through the constantly recurring gifts of Dr. Wood, but by those which his generous example prompted others to make; its library was disentombed, and a few ardent spirits among the Junior Fellows, by their enthusiastic labors, solicita- tion, and gifts, multiplied and set in order its riches. The older were by turns aroused by the younger and more progressive, and ready to guide and moderate whatever of impatient haste the latter iiKMiNiSfJMNC'KH OF 'I'liK (;oi,i,i;(;h 339 rriiiy Iv.ivo .shown. Mc;inwliilc tlic iMiililin;.' riiml, wliifli, as alrcidy Htiitcd, li;nl l»cH;ini :is ;i, mcic iicorii, li;iy a competent liaiul. Sucli work requires an apt intclliifciico and a special training, and tliese the College waa fortunate in Hecuring. How urgent and how constant the labor became may be inferred from the statement that the library is more than three times as large as it wjis in 18G8. In 18GH it numbered 11,282 volumes. In 18()'.> it numbered 1-3,700 volumes. In 1884 it numbered 32,188 volumes. In 1885 it numbered 35,070 volumes. In 188G it numbered 38,160 volumes (including duplicates), besides 1G,02(^ pampldcts. In this partial retrospect of the history of the College during the last forty years, one can hardly fail to note that in it, as in political and social, and, indeed, every history, progress has depended upon individuals. The hour must come, and the man must arise who, by his voice or his example, stimulates other men to vigorous and fruitful action. As in its infancy the great name of Rush domi- nated the College, through his inventive genius and foresight, so in its later history George Bacon Wood ruled it by his wisdom and liberality ; another has made illustrious his living name by opening a rich mine of intellectual wealth for all seekers after knowledge ; and still another is distinguished for his liberality in promoting the social, artistic, and literary tastes of his fellow members. All, by their example, have so warmed the enthusiasm and quickened the sympathies of the Fellows, that this commodious building, this pre- cious scientific museum, and this noble library have sprung into ex- istence in the brief space of a single generation. Let us hope that so fair a flower of science shall not languish through indifference, neglect, or indirection, and that at the end of another century our posterity shall be able to speak of us with unstinted praise, and with as sincere gratitude as we now feel toward those who prepared the way for this goodly habitation and temple dedicated to the service of humanity. CONFERRING DEGREE OF ASSOCIATE FELLOW.^ilH' By the President, S. Weir Mitchell, M.D., January 4, 1887. Hunter McGuire, M.D,, a surgeon distinguished in war and in peace, teacher of surgery, President of the American Surgical Asso- ciation, by authority of tliis College of Physicians, it is my pleasant duty to offer you the honor of our Associate Fellowship. Robert Palmer Hoayard, M.D., as representing the highest type of the Canadian physician, as clinical investigator, writer, and teacher, I desire you, in the name of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, to accept the honor of its Associate Fellowship. William H. Draper, M.D., in you, sir, we welcome to the honor of Associate Fellowship in this College of Physicians, the trusted consultant, the clinical teacher, the physician and writer. David W. Cheevbr, M.D., a bold and thoughtful surgeon, a teacher with the tongue and the pen, I have pleasure, as representing the College of Physicians, to confer upon you the rank of Associate Fellow in recognition of your services to Clinical Surgery. Henry P. Bowditch, ]M.D., sir, your name, long represented on our roll of those whom we honor as associates, has been further illustrated by your own physiological and statistical labors. By desire of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, as its President, I confer upon you the honor of Associate Fellowship. 350 ASSOCIATE FELLOWS. George Cheyne Shattuck, son of an Associate Fellow, yourself distinguished for researches on typhoid and typhus, learned and eloquent teacher, generous benefactor of medical and secular educa- tion, in the name and by the authority of the Fellows of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, as their President, I confer upon you our Associate Fellowship. Nicholas Senn, M.D. As an original observ^er in regard to air embolism, the surgery of the pancreas, and cicatrization in vessels after ligature, you have worthily won the honor of Associate Fellow- ship which, by the wish of this College, I pray you to accept. T. Gaillard Thomas, M.D. Medical author, teacher, clinical investigator ; this College gladly acknowledges, by the gift of its Associate Fellowship, the deep debt of the profession and the com- munity to your life of able and helpful labor as a gynecologist and surgeon. James T. Whittaker, M.D., physician, clinical teacher, and writer, I am directed by the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, to confer upon you the honor of our Associate Fellowship. ADDIJESS OF WKLCOME 'I'O TJIE i\KW ASSOCIATE KIvLLOWS: Delivered at the Centennial Celedration of the College OF Physicians, January 4, 1887. By J. M. DA COSTA, M.D., LL.I). Associate Fellows of the College of Physicians ; Mr. Presi- dent ; Fellows of the College : To me has been assigned the agreeable duty, on an occasion so interesting, of welcoming, on behalf of the College, eleven masters of our art as Associate Fellows. Our Institution has put on its holiday dress to celebrate the one hundredth anniversary of its foundation, and one of the most pleasing features of the commemo- rative gathering is the admission of a number of men of distinction as Associates. In this, the College is but carrying out the implied wish of its incorporators. It is calling those to it who have assisted "in the prosecution and advancement of useful knowledge for the benefit of their country and of mankind." What thoughts would have filled the minds of those worthies who founded this College could tliey be with us now. What rejoicing at the success of their literary and scientific undertaking would these old pliysieians of Philadelphia have indulged in. What pride would they, patriots formed in the stern school of sacrifice and suffering of a long war, have taken in the foct that from so many parts of their country, grown in these hundred years from sparsely inhabited stretches of land into a teeming, powerful empire, — from cities thev were familiar Avith, but in whose present magnificent proportions they would find themselves wondering strangers ; from wildernesses they scarcely knew of even by name, now thriving, populous States, 352 DA COSTA, — had come, with a promptitude and rapidity which progress in ap- phed science has alone made possible, those " viri docti et medicinge periti," they would themselves have delighted in welcoming. Every age has its impress and its tendencies. The queue, the knee- breeches, the gold-headed cane, the stately manner, the reverence for old wisdom, the classical canon, were their emblems, and bespoke that which they declared to be one of the objects of this College, — "to cultivate order and uniformity in the practice of physic." Though not blind to your other qualities, it would have been for any near approach to their standard of order and learning, that they would have mainly esteemed you. Our age is an age of ardent investigation and active change. Newly elected Associate Fellows, we fin'd represented in your ranks what in these days we chiefly honor in our many-sided profession. We find learning and order, but we also find love of research, origi- nality, boldness; we note you quick of eye, fertile of resource, inde- pendent of thought. If thus we have singled you out on this occa- sion, it is because you are the type we delight in, the true children of our time and tendencies. How will it be when another hundred years have passed away ? Will the best traits that have made our investigators eminent go to form the cast of a medical mind reaching out into now unseen worlds of science, and looking, with eyes keen with suggestive re- search, at every line on every page that age has seasoned ? Or will all knowledge be so plain and elementary that its application alone will be cared for, and investigation be regarded as nearly complete ? It is not likely. The stone thrown into the water gives rise to ever- increasing rings ; and so must it be with pursuits in Nature. There is still a greater world beyond the microscope and the telescope than we know Avith it. Associates, in joining you to us to-day, Ave bestoAv on you all this College has to bestow. It gives you full share in all that a century of learning, of culture, of pure aims, of renoAvn, of high tone, most zealously guarded, has done to make it famed and respected. On its part, it takes a mortgage on your past acquisitions, as well as lays claim to a portion of the results of your future work. And when some fresh, thoughtful deduction in practical medicine be- ADDRKSS OF WELCOME. 8r>3 comes tfic tlioinc of" every pen ; some new, life-saving operation is cv(!r_ywli(!re (li.HciiHS(Ml ; some clear moiio;^r;if»li of exliaustive researcli and wide grasp is by everyone landed; .some ingenions application of physiological experimentation laid before the world ; when we hear of a celebrated treatise of a great practical master being translated into yet more tongues, — we shall feel the pride of possession in our Associate Fellow, and, rejoicing in his success, claim him, for the College, as among our own. These arc the feelings we have toward you, and we now greet and welcome yf»u as sons of this old Institu- tion with all the warmth of brotherly aflection. 23 TIIK OLD AM) THE NEW PHYSIC. Recited at Tiih: (.'kntennial Dinner of the College of PiivsiciANs or riiiLAr>Ei,pjirA. By HENRY IIARTSHORNE, M.D. [January 4, 1887.] Cruda vividisque senectus. Virgil. Fellows, good fellows surely, all, to-night I Serenely we survey our hundred years, As though our own beginninors were in sight ; Montefiore, Chevreul, our compeers. What noble Fellows then were in their prime I Washington, Franklin, led affairs of State : Kedman, Rush, Morgan made our craft sublime, In arts of peace, not war, supremely great. Theirs arts of peace ; and yet not bloodless, quite ; Men of the ready lance and flowing bowl I Scars, not their foes, but patients bore of right ; While down sad throats tremendous potions roll. So wise are we, we bare no arms to-day. Not ia that vein we work : our wounds, less deep, Hypodermatic, let the blood-drops stay ; While potent minims lull microbes to sleep. 356 THE OLD AND THE NEW PHYSIC. Honor to Eiisli, "witli lance and '' ten and ten." Honor to Physick, witli unshielded knife. Are we so sure Death won more victims then, While those old worthies struck brave blows for life ? Thev had no stethoscopes, but quicken 'd ears ; Few lenses, but their sight was lynx-like, ever. Bacilli wrought in them no learned fears ; Pure culture theirs, of soul and high endeavor. Honor to them : yet glad congratulation For treasures they dreamt not of, now our own. Trees of their planting, all men's admiration ; May we, too, plant such seed as they have sown I RESPONSES TO THK TOASTS. rp^ast_^'ThG Fellows of the College." Responded to hy D. Hayes Acnew, M.I). Mr. President and Fellows : It may seein soincwhat presumptuous that I, who, as you know, am not a very regular attendant of the meetings of the College, should stand here to-night as your representative speaker on an occa- sion so important, and in some respects so unique as the present. And yet I have not been an uninterested member of this body, but have followed its proceedings with growing interest and pride as each succeeding year has added to both the volume and merit of its work. It is said that comparisons are always invidious, but when made only once in a hundred years I think they may be tolerated. When we contrast the work of the College with that of other scientific associations of a similar kind, the comparison need bring no blush of shame to any Fellow here to-night. Run your eyes over the roll of its membership, and you will find there the names of a galaxy of men who have left the deepest impress on the republic of medicine ; men distinguished the world over, and whose writings have been translated into most of the languages spoken by scientific men. Examine that roll again, and you will find the names of many younger men who are pressing their way rapidly toward the goal of distinction, and who in the near future are destined to be among the masters and moulders of medical thought. It was once said, with a sneer. Who ever reads an American book ? Bless you, my dear Fellows, who don't read American books? There is not a library in the civilized world the shelves of which are not loaded 358 AGNEW, ■with American books, and dominant among these, works on medi- cine and surgery. Did it ever occur to you, my friends, what a chasm would be left in the literature of our profession if you were to eliminate from authorship the names of those who have been and are still enrolled on our College register ? Again, the growth of your library has been phenomenal. Twenty years ago this College owned about two hundred books; to-day, through the munificence of private benefactors and purchase, the collection amounts to well nigh forty thousand. Only second in numbers to one library in the coun- try, that of the Army Medical Museum at Washington, with the general government and that Nestor of bibliography at its back. Dr. J. S. Billings. Turn again to the museum of the College for comparison. Few persons outside of Philadelphia, very few inside of the city, have any just conception of the wealth of this collection, opulent in every- thing which pertains to the elucidation of the different departments of medicine. There are periods in the history of institutions as in States and nations, when they start suddenly on a new career of activity and power. This change is sometimes wrought by the masterly spirit of some single individual, who projects his vigorous personality into the methods and machinery of such an institution. More commonly these new departures are the result of the consecrated generosity of men whom God has blessed with wealth, and, what is far more important, has given hearts to spend it. Both instrumentalities have conspired to infuse new energy into the College. It can claim its benefactors both in and out of the professional pale. In the upper half of the building, constituting the most conspicuous featui'e of the room, our visitors will have noticed that beautiful and symbolic commemorative chimney-piece. This was the gift of one of Philadelphia's broad- hearted men, whose monumental liberality is witnessed on both sides of the Atlantic. I need scarcely mention the name of Mr. George W. Childs. Our library fund has recently been replenished by the do- nation of one thousand dollars, the gift of another of the solid business men of this city, Mr. W. Weightman. Among the portraits which hang on the walls of the College, are those which preserve to us the lineaments of two men who fill a large place in the professional heart. 11ESP0N8ES TO TIIK TOASTS. 359 ()ii(^, tlic |)()iir:iit, (if Dr. (uior'^c l>. Wood, prf-sfrifcl \>y IiIk kiriK- woiiiiiti, the l.'i.tc Mrs. HicluD'd Wood, tlio other tlic portniit of I)r. John li. Atlc(j, doii;ii(!d hy his Hon, Dr. Walter K. Atlcc. Two hiistB iilso will have I heir respective niches. 'J'hiit of l)r. .Josr. James I'arrisli, ;irid thiit of l)r. Cjleor^^e Morton, presented hy his son, l)r. Thomas TIIK TOASTS. 3G1 Wliiit iinpcri.-il hiows smile ;i|»|»roviil ;ih wc (inter the .sacrcl ranks of the Golden Fleece oi tlie iJiiick Ka^^le? It may be said tlial lliis is c({ually true of all the learric-d {(rofe.H- sions in a repiiblie like oiir.s, but it is not ho. From the very moment that the young tlieol(> wlinl. |)o\v(U' lliis iiistitiilioii lias come in a sin^lir century from its small beginniiif^. Sliull we not all take eneouragement from tliis, and here resolve llmt our unitcid efforts shall he directed steadily toward her advariccmcnt in wealth and strcnf^tli and dignity, so that they who shall gather at her second centennial anniversary may look back over our labors, and testify that tlie physicians of to-day also were faithful to the best interests of medical science and of the medical profession. 366 ASHHURST, Toast— ''The Surgeon." Responded to hy John Ashhurst, Jr., M.D. It is narrated, Mr. President and Gentlemen, of the Father of American Surgery, Dr. Physick, that in his hiter years he became so tender-ihearted that not only was he in the habit of weeping over his patients' sufferings, but that if he was called upon to perform a serious operation it Avas with the greatest difficulty that he could be prevented from running away, and that it was necessary to watch him closely to prevent him from escaping before the appointed time. Somewhat similar have been my OAvn feelings as this hour has been approaching, and I think that I should have been tempted to run away but for the remark of our President, in his address, last even- ing, that no Fellow of this College had ever been known to desert the post of duty in an emergency. I look upon this occasion, I assure you, as one of very dreadful emergency, and, indeed, as I have sat here this evening and have seen the corpses of Clicquot and Pommery being carried out — and carried out — and carried out — I have almost felt as if we had returned to those terrible yellow-fever days which our President so graphically described to us last night. Another circumstance which has kept me from running away is the reflection that this, after a hundred years, is the first occasion on which even a semi-official recognition has been given by our College to the Surgeon as distinct from the Ppiysician ; indeed, even now, much as my friend Dr. Lewis loves me, I feel sure that he would instantly drop my acquaintance if I should venture to speak of this body as the " College of Physicians and Surgeons " instead of merely the " College of Physicians." In the early days of our College-fellowship, the great surgeons of Philadelphia were conspicuous by their absence. We had, indeed, amono- our foundei's the excellent John Jones, of whom I venture to say that many of you had never heard until our President told us of him last night, and whose small work, Plain, Concise, and Pi'actical RESPONSES TO TMK TOASTS. ?,(')7 Remm^ks on the Treatment of Wounds and Fracturc.H — a rare book, aH Dr. J>illingH will toHtif'y — Htill lower, probably, know cvon by ap- pearance ; but of tbe ^rciit .siir;j;con.s of our city wo bad none. Doubt- less most of you .-ire f;uiiili;ii- willi licit dianning work of a cbarrn- in"^ Frencli writer, y\i'Horie lloussayc — to my firiey, one of bis most cliiirniinn; pro SO should tlicr*' ever Ix' ;i hricC time in the history of I'liiladclpliia, and of tlic (J()ll(';^o of" I'liysiciaiis, wlicri any of tlic anciorit ^lory wliicii has crowned ohstctric tcaohin;^ in this city will " [jalc its ineflfectual fires" before! a hrij^litcr li^^ht elsewhere iri our country, there surely will be uttered tin; word liesturgam, and the prophecy shall be grandly I'uHillcd. May some who are here lake luiart and hope, and be the instru- ments of directing into so ini[)ortarit a channel the wealth of generous men and women, who only need to know how they can best promote the interests of science and of humanity. 376 BILLINGS, Toast. — "The Medical Societies of America." Responded to by John S. Billings, M.D. In rising to respond to the sentiment just given I feel that I am speaking for a large constituency, and a varied one. Had I been called on about an hour ago I should now be approaching the con- clusion of a few brief extemporaneous remarks on the origin of medical societies, their progress, their varieties, their uses and abuses, and their future prospects. Now, however, I think that the best thing I can do is to go on as if all this had been said, reserving the saying of it for a more convenient season. In behalf then, of all these medical societies, for which I have the honor to respond, societies devoted to science, or to medical politics, or to good fellowship and good suppers, I beg to present to the College of Physicians of Philadelphia the assurances of their most distinguished consideration ; congratulations upon its prosperity on this its hundredth birthday ; and sincere wishes that its future may be as fortunate and as honorable as its past has been. The College is one of the few medical associations of this country which has, as it were, given bonds for its good behavior, and is, in every way, entitled to such congratulations and good wishes. From the point of view of one who has made some study of medical bibliography and history, such a reunion as this is of special interest ; for it brings to mind that misty, mostly forgotten past, on which depends that we are, what we are, and reminds him of the men whose work and teachings have made it an honor and a privilege to be either a member or a guest of this Society. A hundred years ago there were some strong men in the medical profession in Philadelphia who founded this College, and the succession has never been inter- rupted. As I look around, I see the faces of physicians whose names and writings are well known in every part of the civilized world ; and in the reception which will be held in the deserted halls of the College to-night at midnight, when Redman, and Rush, and Morgan, and UK8P0NSE8 TO TIIK TOASTS. 377 >^Iii[)|)(!ii, ;iiiil the ot tier illustrious (ic;ii| pli vsiciMiis h1i;iI1 stfp from their coniitciTcil, |)rcsciitiiiciits wliidi ;i(|orii tlic wiills, ;iri(l \s;iri^ U^^ C28(955)100MEE *^A*^n»vLNroU H IW X