lEx Htbrts SEYMOUR DURST When you leave, please leave this hook Because it has heen said "Ever'thing comes t' him who waits Except a loaned hook." OLD YORK LIBRARY — OLD YORK FOUNDATION Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library Gift of Seymour B. Durst Old York Library Sok I 7 Copyrighted. All rights reserved 1906 by Niagara Falls , N.Y. U.S.A. Niagara Falls, America Geological Section of Niagara Falls. The True Manufacturing Center Lowest Costs of Manufacture Lo'vest Average Delivery Expense to Trade Lowest 'Selling" Cost HENNEPIN S VIEW 1678 en ff\e real energies of Niagara nave been recog- nized and the relation between thpse energies and the mrghj of terrestrial gravity is understood, the mind rrxvjst be awed by the stupendous significance of Niagara. r/cvard a proctor HENNEPIN'S VIEW OF TO -DAY LOCATION a HE latest official census of the United States (1900) shows that the center of manufactures, based on value of output, is at a point seventeen miles southeast of Mansfield, Ohio, while the center of population is at Columbus, Indiana. Both centers are practically stationary, though, as now seems probable, the latter may slowly drift slightly southeastward, while the manu- facturing center will evidently drift more slowly eastwardly and re- main not far from Niagara Falls. Draw a circle of five hundred miles from your city and compare it with map on following page. Then one of seven hundred miles radius and have the population inside circle added up and compare it with the data on next page. It will be plainly seen that we are near the centers of manufacturing and of population and can reach the bulk of your possible trade with less mileage in less time. Here, over our seven RAILWAY SYSTEMS, we are but a night's ride from Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Pitts- burg, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Chicago, and intermediate cities. And every through ticket via this section is entitled to a stop-over, without extra charge, even if it is a three-day limited ticket. No other manufacturing city has this advantage. If customers or users of your output can conveniently visit your plant and quickly secure delivery of freight therefrom, the greater their demand for same. As to Raw Materials: Iron and steel come from plants within 8 to 270 miles; Hard Coal 260 to 300 miles; Soft Coal 150 miles ; Coke 150 to 300 miles ; Lumber from nearby Canadian for- ests, from the Adirondacks, Western Pennsylvania, West Vir- ginia and also via the Lakes from Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Wis- consin and Minnesota. One of the greatest lumber depots is in this county less than eight miles from here. Grain, leather, etc., come via the Great Lakes. Imported Raw Materials can come via Erie Canal or St. Lawrence River. Compare these advantages with the present and the probabilities of the future sources of supplies of raw materials you need. Then consider the time needed for your output to reach your customer and also the advantages that will accrue from having more customers call upon you. 132 of the 167 cities each having 25,000 or more population are within the 700 mile circle. ^Center of Manufacture, 17 miles southeast of Mansfield, O. +Center of Population, Columbus, Ind. 6 POPULATION WITHIN 700 MILES OF NIAGARA FALLS CENSUS 1900 CANADA. Ontario Province, except extreme Northwest part Rainy River District ...... 2,122,321 Quebec Province ...... 1,500,000 New Brunswick, except east line Bathurst to Moncton 285,089 Nova Scotia west of lme Kentville to Bridgewater 133,694 New England States ..... 5,586,962 New York ...... 7,268,012 New Jersey ...... 1,883,669 Pennsylvania ...... 6,302,115 Delaware ....... 184,735 Maryland ...... 1,190,050 District of Columbia ..... 278,718 Virginia ...... 1,854,184 North Carolina ..... 1,893,810 South Carolina, except Southeast line below Charleston through Tennessee ..... 1,284,152 Georgia, except south line Sylvania-Jackson-Carrollton 998,224 Alabama, north line Muscadine-Gadsden-Jacksonburg 228,645 Tennessee, except Southwest corner west of line Savannah- Jackson-Dyersburg .... 1,663,008 Kentucky ....... 2,147,174 West Virginia ..... 958.800 Ohio ....... 4,157,545 Michigan ...... 2,420,482 T 1 * Indiana ....... 2, 316,462 Illinois . . . . • . 4,821.550 Wisconsin ....... 2,069.042 Minnesota, except west of line west end Hunters Island- Cromwell-Waseca ..... 822,122 Iowa, except west Mason City-State Center- Albia-Moulton 1,056,310 Missouri, east line Kirksville-Centralia-Greenville-Gayoso 1,207,797 56,834,672 Total population of United States 76,149.386. Canada 5.054,014. Total 81.203,400 NIAGARA COUNTY Population County (Area 522 square miles) 1890 62,491 1900 74,961 Niagara Falls Township 1890 10,979 1900 20,523 Niagara Falls City 1900 19,457 1905 27,000 Population within 700 miles of your plant Number Cities 25,000 or over within 700 miles your City. Based on Census 1900. Conservative Estimates for 1910 favor 7 FACTORY SITES. Few plants, even though carefully planned as to location and con- struction, are able to secure as low "costs of manufacture" as can newer plants with more convenient surroundings and ample, com- pact room. Have you lately carefully and critically examined the amounts you have paid out for "roustabout 1 ' or "handling" labor, and the cost of "drayage" made necessary in plants cut up by streets or city im- provements? Have you noticed what percentage these costs are of total cost; what it would add to dividends if practically all saved, and the amount on which it would pay five per cent.? Do you pay high switching charges and often extra costs because of delay in getting cars promptly? Do you haul long distances to de- pots or side-tracks? Are you paying extra for elevated tracks through increased "handling" expense on raw and finished material? Have the data presented to you. Then send someone here, or better still, come yourself and see what convenient sites you can get, with switch connections; with seven independent RAILWAY SYSTEMS; with minimum drayage expense to and from nearby depots; with ample room, permitting more economical handling of materials; low taxes; good sewerage; ample supply of water at moder- ate cost; good fire protection, no danger from floods; no shut-down because of droughts, extreme heat or cold, smoke, nor fogs; easily reached by employees who can live nearby or reach plant with " two for five cents" fare. And all at a moderate rental for site, or low pur- chase price, just as you prefer. It will save you more than you may now imagine possible. At least come and get posted as to what a would-be competitor may secure. 8 FACTORY SITES. 1903 1904 1905 Your tax rate .... Cost of site and land improvements Selling value to-day of site. Profit or loss .... Latter item is 5 per cent, of Switching expense Freight drayage .... Yard drayage .... Amount of increase in above through delays caused bycitv improvements and congested room at depots and in railroad yards . Roustabouts or handling labor number Roustabouts or handling labor wages If had more convenient plant, would save Latter item would pay 5 per cent, on Amount of increased profits possible through modern and more convenient plant Saving in insurance on modern plant Saving in depreciation on modern plant Total savings possible Total savings per cent, of cost Total savings per cent, of value output Total savings per cent, on investment Total savings 5 per cent, of Total savings would add to dividends 9 POWER. Many manufacturers are not correctly advised as to exact cost of the power they use. Often all the data submitted to them is cost of fuel and part wages of engineer or fireman, when the following should have been shown to him : Investment in boilers, engines, condenser, etc., line shafting and pulleys and belting for same, and the interest on this amount. Also on investment in boiler and engine rooms. Then compare cost as it averages in past few years. Wage paid for overtime, cost of work cleaning boilers and renewing fire brick, grates, etc., cost of work on line shafting, pulleys, belts, etc. Divide this by actual horse power used, not total "ready to use." As to fuel. If you use any waste material from plant, charge as cost, the amount you could sell it for. It may possibly be sold for more than you imagine. Add the extra expenses incurred by accidental and unexpected shut-downs that happen in even the best of plants and often at the most inopportune time. If caused by lack of power to run the machinery, power account should be charged with same. Then cost of oils, belts and all supplies used on power plant or transmission to the machine pulleys. If you use or plan to use a gas engine thoroughly investigate its maintenance charges. See if you, like the Lackawanna Steel Com- pany, do not find first cost and more especially expense to maintain its efficiency more costly than our electric power. They are instal- ling electric power in place of great amount of gas engine power formerly used. Then compare the costs so found with advantages of our elec- trical power, and its cost of operating and lighting your plant. It is delivered at your factory and the turning of a switch con- trols it. It is always ready. No delay in getting up sufficient steam. If you now use steam power, ask your electric expert as to how much less horse power you would use if equipped for and using electrical power. The great Westinghouse Electric Company, after thorough tests, found that using electric power the saving was 32.5 per cent, on usual ten-hour service basis or 41.6 per cent, on constant twenty-four hour service basis. Here you would use less horse pow- er to produce same result. Then our power is continuous. No costly delays at critical times. 11 POWER You would not waste any space in plant. You could arrange ma- chinery without regard to line shafts and thus get greatest possible re- sults from each square foot of floor and also save in trucking from one machine to another. Then center of plant will be better lighted through having no line shaft, belts, pulleys, etc. Here, you not only would use less horse power, but get it at a much less rate. It is never affected by droughts, floods, nor severest win- try weather, and never goes on a strike. Always ready. In the last Power Plant built, each generator acts independently, yet can be quickly connected with all others. Then through exper- ience gained from the older power plants — appliances and methods have been invented that will insure constant power, regardless of ice conditions, drought, storms, etc. The past twelve months have proved its efficiency. And you will be greatly interested in seeing the ingenious methods used. Can we show same to you? Using Niagara Power will make it necessary for you to add to capacity of plant in order to meet the constantly increased demand for your output, and you will more successfully meet all attempted competition. This is the experience of all plants here. Inform us of the amount of horse power you use and if you want on ten-hour or twenty-four hour service basis, and we will advise rate here. This you can compare with your costs, at same time taking into consideration that you would use one-third less power in "electrical power" than "steam power" equipped plant. Then consider that our cost won't advance in price as must power produced by fuel affected by strikes or growing scarcity of material. Nor is it affected as usual river water power, that fluctu- ates in quantity according to seasons of the year. And you can use more than one shift of employees if desired. ■ 12 POWER COSTS 1903 1904 1905 Actual h. p. used not including unused reserve power .... Investment in boilers, engine, condenser, etc., line shafting, pulleys, main belts, etc., and building for same. 5 per cent, interest on above equals 5 per cent, interest on investment divided by actual amount power used to get cost per h. p. per year . Cost of repairs, including labor, cleaning boilers and all labor on power equipment and transmission as far as machine's pullevs Cost of repairs per h. p. based on actual amount used .... Cost of water used Cost of fuel adding value of factory waste used Fuel and water cost per h. p. per year based on the actual amount h. p. used Extra expenses through delays by unforeseen stoppages of power. Delay expense per h. p. per year based on actual amount h. p. used . Cost oils, belting and all supplies for boiler, en- gine, line shafting, etc. Supplies cost per h. p. per year based on actual amount h. p. used . Cost labor : Cost labor per h. p. per year based on the actual amount h. p. used . Cost, storage and handling boiler refuse, less funds received in sale of same Value of floor space not properly used through inability to place machinery as desired for convenience and economical handling of material .... Cost of extra labor caused by such inconveniences Value room lost, because darkened by line shaft- ing, pulleys, belting, etc. Above four costs figure per h. p. per year based on actual amount per h. p. used Total cost for power : Total cost per h. p. per year based on actual amount per h. p. used 13 OUR RAILWAYS SYSTEMS LINES FROM HERE New York Central .... Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg West Shore Lewiston-Toronto Branch Lockport-Rochester Branch Buffalo & Main Line Michigan Central Main Line Michigan Central Lake Branch Lehigh Valley ..... Buffalo & Main Line Erie ....... Buffalo & Main Line Grand Trunk ..... Main Line Welland Branch Wabash ...... Main Line Pere Marquette ..... Main Line Niagara, St. Catharines & Toronto, Main Line RAILWAYS WITH THROUGH TRAFFIC RIGHTS N. Y., Ontario & Western over R. W. & O. Canadian Pacific " Michigan Central Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo " Michigan Central Lackawanna " Wabash Lake Shore " New York Central Nickel Plate " New York Central Penna. " New York Central Buffalo. Rochester ew Haven, etc. } rsew xork, 1 renton, Philadelphia. ' Dditirnorc, UK,csu Ul 13 , XUU. XJL Jd^llldW , .VX11.1I J.J. 37+ 9«1 — o •> IQi X*7 2 17 14 Grand Rapids. Mich. 41i *27l O / ^ 9«1 1 r- 1 All-Rail V ancouver. a. U. r> i t u i Kail-Lake 3.05 2.80 2.65 2.43 2.25 2.05 1.95 1.78 1.70 1.55 If you wish to know freight rates to any special point will send same immediately upon request. 19 SELLING ADVANTAGES Even though the trade and a great proportion of the users of your product know its merits, yet you have not so far reached the maximum you desire. You advertise because there are many whom you want to secure as customers. In the early days when a man manufactured something, he went out and sold it in his town and if he could not find enough trade in his town, he went to other towns and then when the trade, learning of the quality of his product, grew greater than he could handle himself, he hired salesmen, and they "advertised" him, that is, educated the trade to the quality of his product. Now, this old method, while still successful and neces- sary is after all limited. "You want the consumption increased." Even if you control all the output of your class of product, you want some form of publicity to increase the demand for same. Is not a man who is satisfied with his conditions afflicted with the disease "ar- rested development"? And can there be a better way of business promotion than investing in a method that "permanently grows"? If, when in 1680, Hennepin advertised Niagara Falls in France so that many of his countrymen flocked to this country, they had "stuck", what enormous possibilities would have been theirs and their descendants! And to-day, if you located here, what enormous gains you would secure! You would still use salesmen, trade papers, newspapers or magazines, but you would find greater gains, through those consumers of all classes, who should invest in your product, and who coming here from all over the globe want to also see what is made by the famous power of world-known Niagara. Heretofore the finished article* and your old successful methods of winning the users brought the trade. But competition came, and admit it or not, it is growing. And many customers you should have, use the "other make". Now why not "see him and go one better"? Show the user how you make your article. You may think you can do this at your present plant. But how many from other cities and countries can you thus reach? It is not the local population, it is not the local passengers into your depots or wharves, it is how many can you get to come to your plant so that they will not only tell their countless friends about it, but better still demand your product from the trade or order direct as you may prefer. Here, over 1,000,000 are registered in a year True, many are bridal couples, but that makes them the better purchasers and adver- tisers or "educators". They and the merchant, manufacturer, 21 SELLING ADVANTAGES farmer, professional man, capitalist or scientist, ask and try to see all they can of what is manufactured by Niagara's incomparable power and how "it" is made. One plant that was moved here from Worcester, Mass., had over 125,000 visitors last year. Though it opened its plant to "visitors" in that widely known city and demonstrated with a sample machine in a Broadway store in New York City, yet it was only after moving in- to its plant in Niagara Falls, a city but one-sixth as large as Worces- ter, that the jobbers have been compelled to handle it, to meet the demand that is now enormous compared with what it was at the old location. And this demand comes from all countries and has com- pelled the erection of a new plant on the Canadian side. If your plants were located here, on either or both sides of the Niagara, or you had only branch plants here and you opened a part of them to "visitors" you would find your trade rapidly increasing all over the world. Seeing the quality of material used and the care in construction, has a permanent educational value. Visitors would tell their friends and when they can or should use the articles, such as you make, and even if they can use but one in a lifetime, it is your make only that they would buy. You would not have to "shade" price for they could not be easily induced to buy the one claimed to be "just as good", but made in a plant they never have visited nor are likely to, even if located nearer their home. Thus, here you would secure not only the benefit of the name of Niagara Falls, so universally kncjwn in all countries, but also secure the benefit of the best educational advertising; a practical demonstra- tion in your plant, whose permanent value will reduce your percentage "cost to sell" as your trade increases and far exceeds that of all pos- sible competition. And the benefit comes from all countries. Every foreigner of even moderate means comes here when visiting North America. If you want to' i. crease the demand for your production, locate here. Consider what even five visitors per day, going through even only a part of your plant would add to your trade as they talk of what they saw and then purchase from you or the dealer handling your product. It is the combination of the law of suggestion with the law of perception. 22 SELLING ADVANTAGES 1903 1904 Cost of selling - Percentage cost - Cost of advertising, all kinds Percentage cost - - - - If had five daily or 1,500 annual visitors talking up your merits and it added 3,000 users each year, it would add sales valued at - And reduce percentage cost to - CANADIAN TRADE Many consider the trade of that country " too small to bother about at present". Many consider only the meagre data as to what Canada now buys in the States. Some consider that it will be but a short time until reciprocity or "more" binds that country to the States. Many consider it a "crude" country. If one were to now make a trip from its great Steel Works at Sydney near the coal field of Cape Breton, westward through its vast forests of OUR future timber supplies; examine its asbestos, nickel, mica and iron mines, whose product the States need as much as Europe does; see its vast grain fields of the Northwest, on which the millers of United States have already had to draw to keep their output up to demand; see the thousands of homes built by former United States citizens, as well as the plants in which are invested over $200, 000,000 of United States capital; and then notice the development of the towns and cities, their modern stores with latest designs of the best articles made, and the interior of the homes of the citizens — he would be astounded at FIRST — The extent of its vast resources. Second — The increase in population. Third — The increase in wealth per capita. FOURTH — Low average of failures. FIFTH — The increasing demand for highest quality of supplies. SIXTH — The excellence of the reports from SOUND banks. SEVENTH — Rapid advancement of former United States citizens locating over there. EIGHTH — Greater wealth of as well as better class of emigrants. NlNTH — The immense development of the natural manufac- turing resources though still in its infancy. TENTH— The intense patriotism that, educated by the United States, now insists on higher duties on all articles that can be made there, and says "no reciprocity with any country on such articles," and so universally uses the stamp shown herewith. And he would see why so many United States manufacturers are following the example of the "early bird" by locating branch plants in that country, to protect their inventions and secure a fair share of the nearby and rapidly increasing trade of our best export market. Canada buys more machinery and metals from the United States than any other single country in the world. 25 CANADIAN TRADE Canada is also American, and it is but natural that like ourselves, she should try to develop her own resources. "A new nation is being born under our very face and eyes. Things are shaping faster in Canada than most of us here in the United States realize ; indeed, faster than Canada herself realizes. The Northwest of Canada is rapidly filling up with new life from our own Northwest. Farmers in Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Minnesota and the Dakotas are selling their farms and are moving, with their families, up into this great harvest field, and are receiving a mOSt generOUS Welcome". I Philadelphia Saturday Evening Post.) The New York Sun under heading "CANADA IS FORGING AHEAD" says that country "has outstripped the rest of the world in the rate of export trade increase during the past ten years". And note the frequent reports of our United States Consuls. Not only those in Canada, but in South Africa, New Zealand, Aus- tralia, The Indies, and even from Buenos Ayres, Argentine, comes the statement that the Canadians are getting greater proportion of trade in certain lines. The New York Herald tells of Steamer Manitoba arriving at St. Johns, N. B., from Liverpool in the early spring of 1904, with 1964 English immigrants in charge of Rev. J. M. Barr of London and adds, "They are all in good circumstances and are coming to Canada well furnished with money, each family having an average of ^500. Have you secured your share of the trade of Canada and is it increasing? Or are you like a certain United States manufacturer not posted as to volume of trade over there? He was decidedly surprised when investigating the advisability of locating a branch plant in that coun- try to be offered by a Canadian competitor $18,000.00 if he would stay out of Canada. The United States manufacturer at once saw de- cided reasons why he should, without delay, start a Canadian plant. Especially when he found that both the Canadian Conserva- tives and Liberals want higher tariff on manufactured goods and only differ as to whether it should be a specific or ad valorem duty. It was the Liberal Party that passed the Anti-Dumping Law aimed at the United States; the Surtax Act aimed at Germany; and named the present Tariff Commission, whose object is "higher duties to protect Canadian industries and workmen". Then consider the advantages Canada has in her Reciprocity Treaties. The United States manufactured article pays from 25 per cent, to 50 per cent, more than charged on Canadian article into South Africa or New Zealand. She has also Reciprocity Treaty with France, is figuring on one with Australia, has advantages into the 2G CANADIAN TRADE Indies and Mexico. And the Anglo-Japanese Treaty is to apply to Canada. Are you getting your share of these foreign advantages lying so near you? If not, then consider them together with the special ad- vantages of locating here. If you plan only for a Canadian branch plant, note that power, lights and fuel cost much less than at any other central Canadian town. Here is natural gas in abundance and it is the great entry port for coal and coke. All raw materials nearby with minimum freight rates on same. Five railroads as compared with the usual two at other towns in Canada. Lower freight rates, as you will find on comparison. Location will always be central, no matter how much the population increases. And always the great transfer point between the two countries. Then, if you located plants on each side of the Niagara, the same superintendence or factory management and office force could oper- ate both plants, keeping fixed operating expenses at the minimum. You would also save in cost of master patterns as well as in many other ways, through close proximity of plants, though each in a dif- ferent country with Protective Tariffs. And you should protect your inventions in Canada and also get more of the trade over there, instead of leaving it to possible com- petitors. If you want to know the importations of certain classes of manu- factured goods into Canada, inform us as to your wish and we will quote same, for past three or four years as reported in the Official Blue Books. It may surprise you, as it has others, and you should have the data. 1903 1904 1905 Your Canadian Trade ... Net Profits ... - Canadian Importations - Duty on Same - - - - Note that "Importations 1 ' do not give total volume of trade in Canada. No official record is published of the amount of each class of manufactured articles made in Canadian Dominion each year. 27 MISCELLANEOUS TAXES. Is your Tax Rate a burden? Here it ranges from $15.00 to $20.00 per $1,000 on about 40 to 50 per cent, valuation in the City on United States side ; $12.00 in the Canadian City and from $5 to $6 on one-third valuation on desirable sites adjoining City that are reached by trolleys, railroads and power transmission lines. With good fire protection, insurance rates are low. Have not had a disastrous fire in many years. WATER. Ample supply of water and at fair rates. The Niagara River water is successfully used by the four paper mills, as well as other plants. Artesian wells about 110 feet deep will furnish a pure, though slightly "hard" water in any quantity needed. Latter costs about $50.00 a year for 100,000 to 250,000 gallons daily. LABOR. Our labor is an intelligent class who want steady work rather than high wages with uncertain employment. And having advan- tages in moderate cost of rents, fuel, foods, etc., with the usual costs for clothing, etc., labor, both male and female, come here as fast as they hear of new plants. As they find here more natural attractions than in cities much larger, they become at once contented with sur- roundings and the greater net earnings. Then with "homes" not "tenement flats", the saloon and "agitator" do not gain the great control usual in most manufacturing cities. Houses can be rented at from $8.00 a month up. The contented, home-loving, comfortable workman at fair wages produces more at a less percentage cost per unit. Of our many factories, none have suffered from scarcity of labor, of either the experienced or ordinary class. The solidity of our industries ; freedom from troublesome strikes ; exceedingly small number of failures, and the good credit of our business men, proves this to be the true location for manufacturers. Our banks, with their connections are both reliable and capable of taking care of the banking needs of manufacturers. The fact that the largest manufacturers of heavy castings are less than 15 miles from here, and that it has been proved that the cost of making iron in the Niagara Frontier is 65 cents per ton less than the actual cost in the Pittsburg section, will give an idea of our advan- tages in at least one line of manufacturing, and it can be shown as well in other lines. 28 MISCELLANEOUS Ten Schools and two being built, Niagara, Falls, N. Y. Four Schools, Niagara Falls, Ontario. Twenty-six Churches, Niagara Falls, N. Y. Seven Churches, Niagara Falls, Ont. Custom Receipts, Niagara Falls, N. Y., vear ending, June 30th, '06, $377,701.97 Value Exports, Niagara Falls, N. Y., vear ending, June 30th, '06, Domestic Products, $12,240,486.00, Foreign Products, $1,955, 459.00. Ninety-three Mails in and out of Niagara Falls, N. Y. each twentv-four hours. Five Banks and Trust Cos., Niagara Falls, N. Y. Two in Niagara Falls, Ont. Two Endowed Colleges and two Endowed Hospitals. Three million dollar Park on N. Y. Side, two larger ones on Canadian Side. Also the incomparable Niagara Falls and Gorge. 1903 1904 1905 Your tax rate - Your insurance rate Number factory fires in your city Amount of water used by you Cost of same - Labor wages Amounts in favor of Niagara Falls Tax Rate ... Insurance rate - Cost water Labor 29 RECAPITULATION Niagara Falls Your City In Favor Of Population within 700 miles 56,834,672 Number cities 25,000 or more population within Avoidable yard drayage and roustabout expense Amount of extra "depreciation" because of in- convenient surroundings Modern plant would cost Modern plant annual saving in manufacturing cost - Modern plant annual saving in "depreciation" account - - — - Cost of power based on actual amount used Drayage on in or out freight Switching expenses ... Possible saving in freight expense Time in getting freight - Time in reaching majority of customers by freight - Cost of selling aside from advertising. Cost of advertising - Probable value of advertising if at Niagara Falls Probable reduction in percentage "cost to sell" Your Canadian trade Canadian importations only Probable trade if saved duty of per cent, and cost manufacture no greater. At present will not consider the savings in freight Tax rate. .... Insurance rate - Water rate - Average labor wage ... Total Possible Savings - 700 miles - 132 5 per cent, of will add to dividends 30 CONCLUSION It is said that "Business decadence invariably dates from the time the department manager is 'satisfied with present methods'". You are too wise to permit this or even allow a "would-be" competitor to secure advantages that will give them the lower costs of manufacture and delivery with the greater demand for their product that will mean lower percentage "cost to sell". "I came to Niagara Falls not attracted by its old name as a resort for bridal couples and ordinary tourists, but because of its great possibilities. I found Niagara Falls possesses more natural advantages than any other city I know of. Niagara is a water mine compared with which most gold mines are toys, and as far as we can see, as fast as you use the water mine wealth it is restored, equal in volume to the minute you began using it. Where in all Creation is there anything that will adequately express what Niagara is as a natural wonder ; where in all Creation is there any natural power for which you can find words to fittingly express its ability to create wealth for everyone who has brains enough and ability enough to seize the opportunity. Its central location and its ability as the greatest power developer in the world, easily estimated to exceed 1,100,000 horse-power in existing franchises from the Falls alone, which, for easy comparison, is nearly twice the total stationary engine horse-power in use in the State of New York as estimated in the year 1900, so located that one can manufacture both in Canada and in the United States, a city visited by millions from all over the world, the city with the greatest possible advantages for economical manufacturing." If you will inform us as to any special or detail information you wish, we will promptly send it. Or send a representative, and we will SHOW what we can offer. And all communications will be considered confidential. An old saying that is still true is "A stitch in time, etc". . iddress Niagara Falls, N.Y. U.S.A. 32 If you will kindly send me the information as requested below, will advise you as to what we can offer to you. Character of business _ Is it detrimental to adjacent property ? How much land required and what shape desired ? Do you require buildings already erect- ed, or prefer to build to suit your special needs, so as to secure greatest economy in manufacturing costs? Advise kind, dimensions, number of stories and description of buildings What amount of water needed daily? Will you use "sprinkler system"? Value of buildings Value of equipment Do you want R. R. siding, and what length ? Is a water front necessary or advisable ? What kind of material inbound and where from ? What kind of material outbound and if in C. L. or small shipments ? Where will bulk of shipments go ? What amount of steam is needed and for what uses aside from heating ? How much h. p. needed and if based on steam, gas or water power, advise which ? Does the above include for lights ? If not, can you advise as to probable amount needed for the latter? Do you want gas ? If so, kindly advise how much and for what uses Class of labor needed and wages would pay Can you use three shifts eight hours each, or only two, or only one, and how many hours daily ? Would you buy or prefer to lease ? If latter, how long term wanted, and if possible advise maximum rental you would pay Do you want Canadian trade ? Do you care for export trade to South Africa, New Zealand, France, The Indies? What is daily amount and kind of waste material ? When do you want to locate ? Acreage present plant H. P. used Signature No. of employees Weekly pay roll Address Tonnage in Tonnage out