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Author: 
 
 American Paper and Pulp 
 Association 
 
 Title: 
 
 Constitution, officers, 
 committees, members... 
 
 Place: 
 
 [New York] 
 
 Date: 
 
 [1 898] 
 
3±^MJZ^ "■ 
 
 MASTER NEGATIVE # 
 
 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 
 PRESERVATION 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET 
 
 ORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED - EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD 
 
 Am3 
 
 ^^^I^I^^S^ 
 
 American paper and pulp association. 
 
 ••• Constitution, officers, committees, members ^ 
 historical sketch, 1897-1898. cNew York, Lockvrood 
 18983 
 
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THE AMERICAN 
 PAPER AND PULF 
 ASSOCIATION .M^ 
 
 M DCCC XC VIII 
 

 LIBRARY 
 
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 American 
 ^aper anti ^ulp 
 ^2i£ioctatton 
 
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 Conieitttutton €>fiicer^ Commttteejs 
 
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 18974898 
 
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 HOWARD tOCKWOOD * CO. 
 tOCKWOOD PRESS 
 NcW lOtlK 
 
 
 S 
 
 
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 ^WKcers anti Cominittee0 
 
iFebmar^ 1897 to iFebmar^ 1898 
 
 President 
 Hugh J. Chisholm, Portland. Me. 
 
 ( 
 
 ■ 
 
 Vice- Presidents 
 
 WRITING 
 W. F. Whiting, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 BOOK 
 J. N. MoHR, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 NEWS 
 
 G. C. Sherman, Watertown, N. Y, 
 
 WRAPPING 
 
 S. P. Train, Boston, Mass. 
 
 I 
 
 WOOD PULP 
 
 K. B. FuLLERTON, Ncw York. 
 
 CcIEMICAL FIBRE 
 A. G. Paine, Jr., New York. 
 
 ; 
 
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 BOARDS 
 J. W. French, Niles, Mich. 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer 
 C. W. Lyman, Herkimer, N. Y. 
 
 Delegates to National Board of Trade 
 
 W. T. Barker for 1897 and 1898. • 
 W. H. Sharp for 1897. 
 
 iMMiiHiiiHi^^ 
 
 ■PM 
 
annual £peeting 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 FEBRUARY i6 AND 17. 1898 
 
 Reception Committee 
 
 Augustus G. Paine, Chairman 
 W. T. Barker George W. Knowlton 
 
 Charles D. Brown George W. Millar 
 
 A. N. Burbank Warner Miller 
 
 W. M. Crane W. H. Nixon 
 
 Warren Curtis W. H. Parsons 
 
 Henry Dickinson N. T. Pulsifer 
 
 Thomas Duncan William A. Russell 
 
 A. C. Hastings William E. Spier 
 
 H. M. Knowles George W. Wheelwnght 
 
 William Whiting 
 
 Banquet Committee 
 
 George F. Perkins, Chairman 
 
 J. Fred Ackcrman Frank Gilbert 
 
 Robert Atterbury John G. Luke 
 
 L. M. Bickford W. H. Sharp 
 
 William E. Conrow C. H. Southworth 
 
 W. B. Dillon S. P. Train 
 
 John C. Duncan J- Fred Webster 
 
 Committee on Speakers 
 
 Hugh J. Chisholm, Chairman 
 Warner Miller George F. Perkins 
 
 Augustus G. Paine William A. Russell 
 
 William Whiting 
 
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 aDoptrO auguftt 29, 1878 
 Hctot»D Ulul? 28. 1883 
 KrtiiBtftt 31ulp 29, 1891 
 HebtJffO iFebmarr 24, 1897 
 
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 CoiTjStttution 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 This Association shall be called The American Paper and Pulp 
 Association, and any member of a firm, officer or director of a com- 
 pany or corporation engaged in the manufacture or sale of paper 
 or pulp in the United States, upon favorable consideration by the 
 Executive Council, in accordance with Article VIII., Sec. 3, who 
 shall pay an admission fee of ten dollars, shall be enrolled as a 
 member. 
 
 ARTICLE IL 
 
 4^hitcts 
 
 The objects of this organization are social intercourse, the con- 
 sideration of matters of general interest to our trade, and the pro- 
 motion of its welfare. 
 
 ARTICLE in. 
 
 The officers shall be a president, seven vice-presidents and a sec- 
 retary who shall act as treasurer; and these officers shall constitute 
 the Executive Council of the Association. 
 
 The vice-presidents shall be chosen one from each of the follow- 
 ing classes, viz.: Writing, book, news, wrapping, board, pulp and 
 chemical fibre. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 ejection of ^fTicEr? 
 
 The officers of this Association shall be elected at the annual 
 meeting by ballot, on a majority of all the votes cast, and shall 
 serve until their successors are chosen. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 I^refibent 
 
 It shall be the duty of the president to preside at all meetings of 
 the Association and the Executive Council, and to enforce the 
 rules and regulations of the Association. 
 
 MiiiiiilhnMI> 
 

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 lO CONSTITUTION 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 In the absence or disability of the president, a vice-president to 
 be designated by his associates shall perform the duties of the pres- 
 ident and officiate in his stead. 
 
 It shall be the duty of each vice-president to report to the Asso- 
 ciation, at its annual meeting, the general condition during his term 
 of office of the trade and the class he represents. 
 
 ARTICLE VII. 
 .:^ecrttari? anb 'Crearfurer 
 
 It shall be the duty of the secretary and treasurer to keep a record 
 of the proceedings of the Association at its meetings; to keep a cor- 
 rect roll of all the members of the Association; to conduct all cor- 
 respondence, keeping copies of the same; to receive all moneys due 
 the Association and pay all bills contracted by it, such bills being 
 first approved by the president or one vice-president. 
 
 He shall keep a correct account of his receipts and expenditures 
 and shall make a report at the annual meeting or at any other time 
 if so requested by the Executive Council. 
 
 The sum of four hundred dollars shall be paid the secretary annu- 
 ally to defray the expenses connected with his office. 
 
 - ARTICLE VIII. 
 €iptcutiOt Councif 
 
 The Executive Council shall have general charge and control of 
 the affairs of the Association. Three of their number shall be a 
 quorum for the transaction of business. 
 
 A regular meeting of the Council shall be held at the time and 
 place of the annual meeting of the Association, at such hour as the 
 president may designate, and special meetings of the Council shall be 
 held on the call of three members thereof at such place as they may 
 designate, notice having been given by the secretary, which shall 
 state the object of the meeting. 
 
 Each candidate for election shall be proposed and seconded by 
 members of the Association and shall be voted on by the Executive 
 Council, a majority of whose votes shall be necessary for election. 
 
 CONSTITUTION 
 
 II 
 
 ARTICLE IX. 
 
 To defray the expenses of the Association an annual assessment of 
 five dollars, payable on February ist, for the current calendar year, 
 shall be levied on each member. 
 
 The Executive Council shall have power to make special assess- 
 ments upon members if such are found necessary. 
 
 ARTICLE X. 
 JHeetingf 
 
 The Association shall have its annual meeting at such time and 
 place as the Executive Council may determine, notice being given at 
 least two weeks in advance. 
 
 Special meetings of the Association may be called at any time by 
 the Executive Council, giving not less than two weeks' notice of the 
 same, and on application of any three members of the Association 
 such special meeting shall be called. 
 
 In connection with the annual meeting the Association shall hold a 
 banquet, the expense of which shall be borne by the members par- 
 ticipating. 
 
 ARTICLE XI. 
 Iflon-'papment of ^uef 
 
 Any member failing to pay any sum due the Association from him 
 within three months from the date of its becoming due may be 
 dropped from the roll of membership by the vote of the majority of 
 the Executive Council at any regular or special meeting of the 
 Council. 
 
 ARTICLE Xn. 
 
 Xmenbmentf 
 
 This constitution may be amended at any annual meeting of the 
 Association by a two-thirds vote of the members present, providing 
 Buch amendment has been submitted to the members in a printed or 
 written notice at least thirty days before such meeting. 
 
 This article may be suspended, however, by a unanimous vote of 
 the members present. 
 
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 OFFICER: 
 
 1878-79 
 
 President 
 William Whiting, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 First Vice-President 
 John T. Averill, St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 Second Vice-President 
 Wellington Smith, Lee, Mass. 
 
 Secretary 
 Charles O. Chapin, Springfield, Mass. 
 
 Treasurer 
 James A. Hill, Middletown, Ohio 
 
 officers 
 
 1880-81-82 
 
 t 
 
 President 
 Wellington Smith, Lee, Mass. 
 
 First Vice-President 
 O. H. Greenleaf, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 Second Vice-President 
 William Manning, Miamisburg, Ohio 
 
 Secretary 
 Charles O. Chapin, Springfield, Mass. 
 
 Treasurer 
 Geo. W. Wheelwright, Boston, Mass. 
 
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 1879-80 
 
 President 
 William Whiting, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 First Vice-President 
 Wellington Smith, Lee, Mass. 
 
 Second Vice-President 
 John T. Averill, St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 Secretary 
 Charles O. Chapin. Springfield, Mass. 
 
 Treasurer 
 James A. Hill. Middletown. Ohio 
 
 1882-83 
 
 President 
 J. W. French, Three Rivers, Mich. 
 
 First Vice-President 
 O. H. Greenleaf, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 Second Vice-President 
 A. E. Harding, Franklin. Ohio 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer 
 Charles O. Chapin, Springfield, Mass. 
 
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 l6 OFFICERS 
 
 1883-84 
 
 President 
 J. W. French, Three Rivers, Mich. 
 
 F/i- if- Presidents 
 
 Writing— O. H. Greenleaf. Springfield, Mass. 
 
 Book—]. C. DiTMAN, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 News—]. L. RuBEL, Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Afani//a—GEOKCE West, Ballston Spa, N. Y. 
 
 Straw Wrapping— Geokqb H. Friend, Lockland, Ohio. 
 
 Boards — Maurice Fitzc.ibbons, Boonton, N. J. 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer 
 D. P. Crocker, Springfield. Mass. 
 
 1884-85 
 
 President 
 William H. Parsons, New York. 
 
 Vice-Presidents 
 
 Writ'mr ^ ^' ^* G'^^^^leaf, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 ( W. R. Sheffield, Saugerties, N. Y. 
 Pook ^ ^^^' ^- Dickinson, Holyoke. Mass. 
 
 ( J. L. RuBEL, Louisville, Ky. 
 y < Geo. W. Russell, Lawrence, Mass. 
 ( J. A. KiMBKKLY, Appleton, Wis. 
 
 Manilla ^ ^' '^' ^^^^^^^^ ^^' Paul, Minn. 
 I MosEs Newton, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 Straw Wrapping^ "' ^^ ^^^ ''^ ^^^»^' Stockport, N. Y. 
 ^^ * < C. M. Smith, Chicago. 111. 
 
 Boaris^ B. C. Faurot, Lima, Ohio. 
 < C. D. Brown, Portland, Me. 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer 
 D. P. Crocker, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 OFFICERS 
 
 1885-86 
 
 President 
 William H. Parsons, New York 
 
 Vice-Presidents 
 Writin0^\ O. H. Greenleaf, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 ■^ ( W. R. Sheffield, Saugerties, N. Y. 
 Book ^ Augustine Smith, New York 
 
 { Geo. H. Friend, Lockland, Ohio 
 News^ Chas. T. Crocker, Boston, Mass. 
 \ J. Van Nortwick, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Manilla \ J' '^' Averill, St. Paul. Minn. 
 ( Chas. A. Dean, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Straw Wrapping \ "' ^' ^^^ ^^ ^^^^' Stockport, N. Y. 
 ^^ ^ < C. M. Smith, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Bo ds^ ^' ^' ^^^^N' Portland, Me. 
 
 i J. F. Seiberling, Akron, Ohio. 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer 
 D. P. Crocker, Springfield, Mass. 
 
 1886-87 
 
 President 
 Byron Weston, Dalton, Mass, 
 
 Vice-Presidents 
 IV ■/ • <r^ John A. McElwain, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 *** I C. H. Harding, Franklin, Ohio. 
 „ , j Edward C. Taft, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 \ M. B. Mason. Boston. Mass. 
 j^ ( George W. Russell. Boston, Mass. 
 
 \ Hiram Allen, Sandy Hill, N. Y. 
 j^ .J J j George West, Ballston Spa, N. Y. 
 \ Moses Newton, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 Straw Wrapping \ ^- ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^' Stockport, N. Y. 
 ^^ -^ < C. M. Smith, Chicago, 111. 
 
 n . j C. D. Brown, Portland, Me. 
 
 ( J. F. Seiberling, Akron, Ohio 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer 
 E. C. Rogers, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 17 
 
 ■■■^IMIHIIBI 
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 OFFICERS 
 
 <Dfficrr0 
 
 1887-88 
 
 President 
 Byron Weston, Dalton, Mass. 
 
 Vice-Presidents 
 
 Writine\ ^^^^ ^' ^^Elwain, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 ^1 C. H. Harding, Franklin, Ohio 
 Book \ ®^^^^° ^' Taft, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 ( M. B. Mason, Boston, Mass. 
 NeivsX ^^0*°' W. Russell, Boston, Mass. 
 ( Hiram Allen, Sandy Hill, N. Y. 
 
 Manilla \ ^^°^°^ West, Ballston Spa, N. Y. 
 \ Mosis Newton, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 % 
 
 Straw Wrapping\^'^- Y^^ ^^ <=^^^^' Stockport. N. Y. 
 ^^ ^\C. M. Smith, Chicago, 111. 
 
 jC. D. 
 
 (J. F. 
 
 Boards 
 
 Chicagi 
 Brown, Portland, Me. 
 Seiberling, Akron, Ohio 
 
 Chemical Fibre \ ^' "' C^^^^' ^'^^^ ^orks. Me. 
 ( R. H. Emerson, Jackson, Mich. 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer 
 E. C. Rogers. Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 1888-89 
 
 President 
 
 E. C. Rogers, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 Vice-Presidents 
 
 Writing \ '^' ^' ^°^^' Adams, Mass. 
 
 \ C. H. Mullen, Mount Holly Springs, Pa. 
 
 Book ^ ^' ^' ^^^^' Boston, Mass. 
 
 \ N. T. Pulsifer, Manchester, Conn. 
 
 News \ ^* ^' W^^^^' Skaneateles, N. Y. 
 ( Loren Allen, Sandy Hill, N. Y. 
 
 Manilla •( J- ^* Waterbury, New York 
 
 ( J. M. Johnson, Middletown, Ohio 
 
 Straw Wrapping \^' ^' ^^'^ ^« ^^^*' Stockport. N. Y. 
 
 * < C. M. Smith, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Boards \ ^* ^' ^'**^^'*' Portland, Me. 
 ( C. L. Hawes, Dayton, Ohio 
 
 Chemical Fibre \ ^' "' ^^^^^' Boston, Mass. 
 
 ( R. H. Emerson, Jackion, Mich. 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer 
 Oscar S. Greenleaf, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 OFFICERS 
 
 ^ftittii 
 
 19 
 
 1889-90 
 
 President 
 E. C. Rogers, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 Vice-Presidents 
 yrr y . j T. A. Mole, Adams, Mass. 
 
 ( C. H. Mullen, Mount Holly Springs, Pa. 
 D 7 j M. B. Mason, Boston, Mass. 
 
 ( F. C. Shattuck, Neenah, Wis. 
 «r j C. G. Weeks, Skaneateles, N. Y. 
 
 ( Warren Curtis, Palmer's Falls, N. Y. 
 
 Manilla \ l **; ^'^■"^'"'"^,T- ^f ^ ^°'\^. 
 i J. M. Johnson, Middletown, Ohio 
 
 Straw Wrapping \ ^' ^- ^^^ °^ ^^^^' Stockport. N. Y. 
 
 ^^ "^ ( C. M. Smith, Chicago, 111. 
 n , j C. D. Brown, Portland, Me. 
 ( O. C. Barber, Akron, Ohio 
 
 ^j ■ ; c-f < E. H. Clapp, Boston, Mass. 
 Chemical Fibre \ ^ ^^ ^ ^ . ,-. , 
 
 '. R. H. Emerson, Jackson, Mich. 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer 
 
 Oscar S. Greenleaf, Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 1890-91 
 
 President 
 
 W. A. Russell, Lawrence, Mass. 
 
 Vice-Presiden ts 
 rrr '^' j B. D. Rising, Springfield, Mass. 
 
 I C. H. Mullen, Mount Holly Springs, Pa. 
 „ r j Charles D. Brown, Boston, Mass. 
 i F. C. Shattuck, Neenah, Wis. 
 
 News \ ^' ^' ^^^^' Chicago, 111. 
 
 i Warren Curtis, Palmer's Falls, N. Y. 
 J^J .J, j D. W. Mabee, Ballston Spa, N. Y. 
 ( Robert McAlpine, Marinette, Wis. 
 
 i-^ iir J.J.- i H. S. Van de Carr, Stockport, N. Y. 
 
 btraw Wrapping ]^^ ^ ^^ r^ J ^m,- 
 
 ( H. E. Meade, Dayton, Ohio 
 
 r, , ( E. B. Denison, Portland, Me. 
 Boards \ ^ ^ ^ \ , ' . 
 
 ( O. C. Barber, Akron, Ohio 
 
 % 
 
 Oumical Fibre \ J- A- Kimberly. Appleton. Wis 
 
 ( Samuel L. Montague, Cambridge, 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer 
 William T. Barker, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Mass. 
 
 "'■■■J 
 
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 OFFICERS 
 
 1891-92 
 
 President 
 William A. Russell, Lawrence, Mass. 
 
 Vice-Presidents 
 
 Writing— y^iLiAKVi Whiting, Holyoke, Mass. 
 Book — George W. Russell, Lawrence, Mass. 
 News—F. H. Parks, Glens Falls. N. Y. 
 Manilla — Robert McAlpine, Marinette, Wis. 
 Straw Wrapping— ¥L. E. Mead, Dayton, Ohio 
 Boards— O. C. Barber, Akron, Ohio 
 Wood Pulp— Hugh J. Chisholm, Portland. Me. 
 Chemical Fibre— K. G. Paine, New York 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer 
 William T. Barker, Boston, Mass. 
 
 OFFICERS 
 
 1894-1896* 
 
 President 
 Augustus G. Paine, New York 
 
 Vice-Presidents 
 
 Writing — Arthur W. Eaton, South Lee, Mass. 
 Book — William T. Barker, Boston, Mass. 
 News — H. A. Frambach, Kaukauna, Wis. 
 Manilla — W. C. Hamilton, Marinette, Wis. 
 Straw Wrapping—^. B. Halladay, Chicago, III. 
 Wood Pulp— HvGH J. Chisholm, Portland, Me. 
 Chemical Fibre — Thomson Duncan. Hartford, Conn. 
 Boards— O. C. Barber, Akron, Ohio 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer 
 George C. Sherman, Watertown, N. Y. 
 
 21 
 
 1892-94.* 
 
 President 
 Warner Miller, New York 
 
 Vice-Presidents 
 
 Writing— William Whiting, Holyoke, Mass. 
 ^^^>^— George W. Russell, Lawrence, Mass. 
 News—U. A. Frambach, Kaukauna, Wis. 
 Manilla—]. A. Van Nortwick, Appleton, Wis. 
 Straw Wrapping— Thomas F. Rice, Chicago, 111. 
 Boards— O. C. Barber, Akron, Ohio. 
 
 Wood Pulp— HvGH J. Chisholm, Portland, Me. 
 Chemical Fibre— K. G. Paine, New York 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer 
 
 William T. Barker. Boston, Mass. 
 * No meeting in 1893. 
 
 1896-1897 
 
 President 
 George F. Perkins, New York 
 
 Vice-Presidents 
 
 Writing— W, F. Whiting, Holyoke, Mass. 
 Book—]. N. MoHR, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 News—Q. C. Sherman, Watertown, N. Y. 
 Manilla— D. W. Mabee, Ballston, N. Y. 
 Straw Wrapping— Hi.. J. Fitch, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Wood Pulp—K. B. Fullerton, New York 
 Chemical Fibre— K. G. Paine, Jr., New York 
 Boards — J. W. French, Niles, Mich. 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer 
 W. H. Parsons, Jr., New York 
 
 * Held office until February, 1896. 
 
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 Jttemters 
 
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 «)|«r<*^'iswwi!ip« 
 

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 Jttemberji 
 
 ACKERMAN, J. FRED . . . . 66 and 68 Duane St., New York 
 
 Perkins, Goodwin & Co. 
 
 ADAMS, EDWARD M Holyoke. Mass. 
 
 Chemical Paper Co. 
 
 ALLEN, LOREN Sandy Hill, N. Y. 
 
 Vice-Pres. Allen Bros. Co. 
 
 ANDERSON, JOHN G Tyrone, Pa. 
 
 Sec. and Treas. Morrison & Cass Paper Co. 
 ARKELL, W. J Judge Building, New York 
 
 ARMSTRONG. M. M Times Building, New York 
 
 Vice-Pres. New York and Pennsylvania Co. 
 ATTERBURY, ROBERT BAKEWELL . . 140 Nassau St.. New York 
 
 Pres. Chelsea Paper Manufacturing Co. 
 
 BAER, GEORGE F. Reading. Pa. 
 
 Pres. Reading Paper Mills. 
 
 BARE. D. M Roaring Spring, Pa. 
 
 D. M. Bare & Co. 
 BARKER, WILLIAM TORREY . 178 Devonshire St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 W. T. Barker & Co. 
 BARNES, JR., JOHN SANFORD ... 32 Nassau St.. New York 
 
 Vice-Pres. The Manufacturing Investment Co. 
 BARTON, CHARLES SUMNER Worcester, Mass. 
 
 BELDEN. MILTON B 241-243 West Broadway, New York 
 
 BENDIG, F. H 4805 Woodlawn Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 BERMINGHAM, E. F Dexter, Jeflferson Co.. N. Y. 
 
 Sec. and Treas. Dexter Sulphite Pulp and Paper Co. 
 BERTUCH, FREDERICK .... 3-9 Beekman St.. New York 
 
 Frederick Bertuch & Co. 
 
 BICKFORD. LLEWELLYN M Portland. Me. 
 
 Treas. Otis Falls Pulp Co. 
 
 BLACKMAN, HENRY 132 Mulberry St., New York 
 
 Pres. Muncie Pulp Co. 
 
 BLANDY, ISAAC C Schuylerville. N. Y. 
 
 Pros. American Wood Board Co. 
 
 BOYCE. BENJAMIN S Ypsilanti, Mich. 
 
 Sec. and Treas. Peninsular Paper Co. 
 
 BOWKER. NELSON J Niagara Falls, N. Y. 
 
 Sec. The Pettebone-Cataract Co. 
 
 BOWMAN, HENRY H ,3 Park Row. New York 
 
 Pres. and Treas. Adams & Bishop Co. 
 
 BROCKLEBANK. JOHN C The Rookery. Chicago, 111. 
 
 Sec'y Manufacturers Paper Co. 
 BROWN, CHARLES D. . . . 156-158 Congress St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Pres. Kennebec Fibre Co., &c. 
 
 BROWN, HERBERT J. p^^tland. Me. 
 
 Treas. Berlin Mills Co. 
 
 % 
 
 ■11 
 
■!l 
 
 
 . 1 ♦ 
 
 
 26 MEMBERS 
 
 BROWN, WILLIAM W Portland, Me. 
 
 Pres. Berlin Mills Co., &c. 
 
 BROWNING, FRANK W Norwich, Conn. 
 
 Sec. and Treas. Uncas Paper Co. 
 
 BUCHANAN, R. GEORGE .... Decatur St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Vice-Pres. and Sec. Garrett- Buchanan Co. 
 
 BULKLEY, JONATHAN 75-77 Duane St., New York 
 
 Bulkley, Dunton & Co. 
 
 BULLARD 2D, DANIEL A Schuylerville, N. Y. 
 
 Sec. and Treas. Schuylerville Paper Co. 
 
 BURBANK, ALONZO N 85 Water St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Treas. Fall Mountain Paper Co., &c. 
 
 BURDICK, FRANK M Gouverneur, N. Y. 
 
 Treas. Gouverneur Wood Pulp Co. 
 
 BURGESS, THEODORE P Berlin, N. H. 
 
 Treas. Burgess Sulphite Fibre Co. 
 
 BURLEIGH, HENRY G Whitehall, N. Y. 
 
 Hudson River Pulp and Paper Co. 
 
 BURNETT, CHARLES M Turners Falls, Mass. 
 
 Treas. Keith Paper Co. 
 
 BUSH, CHARLES E Ticonderoga, N. Y. 
 
 Sec. and Treas. Ticonderoga Pulp and Paper Co. 
 
 CALDWELL, WINFORD N Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 Treas. Riverside Paper Co. 
 CALLENDER, CHARLES E Glendale, Mass. 
 
 CARPENTER, FRANK P Manchester, N. H. 
 
 Treas. Amoskeag Paper Mills. 
 
 CARSON, JOHN D Dalton, Mass. 
 
 Treas. Old Berkshire Mills Co. 
 
 CARTER, ROBERT D Pulitzer Building, New York 
 
 Pres. and Treas. The Wanaque River Paper Co. 
 
 CASE, A. WELLS Highland Park, Conn. 
 
 Case Brothers. 
 
 CASE, RAYMOND S Unionville, Conn. 
 
 Case Manufacturing Co. 
 
 CASS, JOSEPH K Tyrone, Pa. 
 
 Pres. Morrison & Cass Paper Co. 
 
 CHAHOON, GEORGE Ausable Forks, N. Y. 
 
 Vice-Pres. J. & J. Rogers Co. 
 CHATFIELD, ALBERT HAYDEN . West Fourth St., Cincinnati, Ohio 
 
 Vice-Pres. The Chatfield & Woods Co. 
 
 CHENEY, P. C Manchester, N. H. 
 
 Pres. and Treas. Cheney Co., &c. 
 
 CHISHOLM, HUGH J. . Portland, Me. 
 
 Pres. Otis Falls Pulp Co., &c. 
 
 CLAPP, ARTHUR W 620 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Treas. Penobscot Chemical Fibre Co., &c. 
 
 CLAPP, EUGENE H 620 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Vice-Pres. Penobscot Chemical Fibre Co., &c. 
 
 COBURN. JOHN R Carthage, N. Y. 
 
 Sec'y Newton Falls Paper Co. 
 
 CONLEY, JAMES 32 Liberty St., New York 
 
 Manufacturing Investment Co. 
 
 !,4 
 
 l| .. 
 
 MEMBERS 27 
 
 CONROVV, THEODORE 33 Beekraan St., New York 
 
 Conrow Brothers. 
 
 CONROW, WILLIAM E 33 Beekman St., New York 
 
 Conrow Brothers. 
 
 COOLIDGE. T. S Glens Falls, N. Y. 
 
 Vice-Pres. Lake George Paper Co. 
 
 CORNWELL, CLARK Jackson, Mich. 
 
 Pres. Ypsilanti Paper Co. 
 
 COWLES, DAVID S 257 Broadway, New York 
 
 Pres, Pejepscot Paper Co., &c. 
 
 CRANE, W. MURRAY Dalton, Mass. 
 
 Crane & Co., &c. 
 
 CRANE, ZENAS Dalton, Mass. 
 
 Z. & W. M. Crane. 
 
 CROCKER, C. A Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 Treas. Crocker Manufacturing Co. 
 
 CURTIS, WARREN Palmer, Saratoga Co., N. Y. 
 
 Treas. Hudson River Pulp and Paper Co. 
 DANIELL, EUGENE SANGER .... Franklin Falls, N. H. 
 
 Asst. Treas. Winnipiseogee Paper Co. 
 
 DANIELL, WARREN FISHER Franklin, N. H. 
 
 Pres. Winnipiseogee Paper Co. 
 
 DANIELS. ARTHUR B Adams, Mass. 
 
 Treas. L. L. Brown Paper Co. 
 DEAN. CHARLES AUGUSTUS ... 42 Federal St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Vice-Pres. Hollingsworth & Whitney Co. 
 
 DELANO, CLAYTON H. ... 620 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Pres. Penobscot Chemical Fibre Co., &c. 
 
 DENISON, ELIAS B Portland, Me. 
 
 Treas. Androscoggin Pulp Co. 
 
 DENNISON, A. T Hancock Building, Boston, Mass. 
 
 W. H. Parsons & Co. 
 
 DICKINSON. HENRY S Holyoke. Mass. 
 
 Pres. and Treas. George R. Dickinson Paper Co. 
 
 DILLON, W. B Pulitzer Building, New York 
 
 Glens Falls Paper Mill Co. 
 DOBILINSKI, C. H Lambertville. N. J. 
 
 DRAPER, WALTER HOLBROOK Wilmington, Vt. 
 
 Deerfield River Co. 
 
 DUNCAN, JOHN C. Mechanicsville, N. Y. 
 
 The Duncan Co. 
 
 DUNCAN, THOMAS 21 Times Building, New York 
 
 Treas. The Duncan Co. 
 
 EATON, ARTHUR W South Lee, Mass. 
 
 Pres. and Treas. Hurl but Paper Manufacturing Co. 
 
 EDGERTON. CHARLES A Mittineague. Mass. 
 
 Southworth Co. 
 
 ELLIOT. A. G 50-34 South Sixth St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 A. G. Elliot & Co. 
 
 EMBREE, EDWARD L Buena Vista. Va. 
 
 Treas. Columbian Paper Co. 
 
 EMERSON, J. T Claremont, N. H. 
 
 Pres. Sugar River Paper Mill Co. 
 
 %■ 
 
/(t 
 
 \\ 
 
 *( 
 
 i'- f, 
 
 ! ' 
 
 Jj » 
 
 V' 
 
 If I 
 
 I 
 
 28 MEMBERS 
 
 EMERY, JR., DANIEL F Portland, Me. 
 
 Pres. Rumford Falls Paper Co. 
 ETHERINGTON, WILLIAM F. . . . 156 Fifth Ave, New York 
 
 VV. F. Etherington & Co. 
 
 EVANS, RUSH E. Muncie, Ind. 
 
 Pres. Consumers Paper Co. 
 
 EVERETT, WILLARD E Turners Falls, Mass. 
 
 Treas. Turners Falls Paper Co. 
 
 FARREN, B. N Montague City, Mass. 
 
 Pres. Montague Paper Co. 
 
 FARWELL, PORTER Turners Falls, Mass. 
 
 Pres. Marshall Paper Co., &c 
 FITZGERALD, JAMES M West Broadway, New York 
 
 FLETCHER, ALLEN M Rumford Falls, Me. 
 
 Rumford Falls Sulphite Co. 
 FLINN, F. A. 32 Beekman St., New York 
 
 FLINT, MERRILL S 140 Nassau St., New York 
 
 FORBES, LAWRENCE S Burnside, Conn. 
 
 Pres. East Hartford Manufacturing Co. 
 
 FORSYTH, JAMES B 268 Devonshire St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Stone & Forsyth. 
 FOULDS, WILLIAM Manchester, Conn. 
 
 FRAMBACH, H. A Kaukauna, Wis. 
 
 Pres. Badger Paper Co. 
 FRENCH, JOSEPH W Three Rivers, Mich. 
 
 Pres. Three Rivers Paper Co., &c. 
 FULLERTON, KENNEDY B Times Building, New York 
 
 Vice-Pres. Manufacturers Paper Co. 
 GADE, HENRY 349 Broome St., New York 
 
 GARABRANT, DAVID G 7577 Duane St., New York 
 
 Bulkley, Dunton & Co. 
 
 GIBSON, S. A Kalamazoo, Mich. 
 
 Pres. Kalamazoo Paper Co. 
 GILBERT, FRANK Waterford, N. Y. 
 
 GILL, JAMES MILTON Springfield, Mass. 
 
 GODFREY, JOSEPH C 53 State St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 GOULD, GEORGE H. P Port Leyden, N. Y. 
 
 Sec'y and Treas. Gould Paper Co. 
 
 GREENLEAF, OSCAR S Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 Pres. Holyoke Paper Co. 
 
 HALL, JOHN A New Hope, Pa. 
 
 Scc'y Union Mills Paper Manufacturing Co., &c. 
 
 HALL, LEWIS A Bay Mills, Mich. 
 
 Vice-Pres. Niagara Falls Paper Co. 
 HAMILTON, CHARLES L. . William Penn, Montgomery Co., Pa. 
 
 W. C. Hamilton & Sons. 
 
 MEMBERS 2Q 
 
 HANFORD, G. B. . , r- o , 
 
 314 East Seventh St., New York 
 
 HAMMOND, GEORGE W. 
 
 T7 ,* • • • • Yarmouthville, Me. 
 Forest Paper Co 
 
 HASKELL, EDWARD H. . . ^ „ n.' c. t> 
 
 p ; , Vp „■ ^ ■ • " ^*^s St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 TT^r,^ Rumford Falls Paper Co. 
 
 HASTINGS, ARTHUR C. . vr- 
 
 Tr;as.ClifrPap;rC; * N.agara Falls, N. Y. 
 HAVERSTICK, ALBERT . . 469 North Second St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 HAVERSTICK, EDWIN U. . . 469 North Second St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 HOBSON, JOHN L. . . p., p .... ^ 
 
 Pr.^ ri \t ' r * ^^ Building, Boston, Mass. 
 
 HOLLINGSWORTH A L * ^^"^-^-"^ Co 
 
 Pres Tilesinn i Vf\v ^'°'°u^ ^""^^°^' ^°«*°"' ^ass. 
 HOSFORD, L B. '*"" * Holhngsworth Co. 
 
 Gen']\f^l ri* aV 'r ^^°^^ ^"^'<^'"«r. Boston, Mass. 
 HUBBARD, CHARLES l' ""''" ^-"^acturing Co. 
 
 n ^,* ." ' • • ^42 Broadway, New York 
 
 HUBBS. CHARLES F "'"■ ^"^ ^ ^^ """^-^ ,^% , , 
 
 f- ^ u uv ■ . U ' BeAman St., Ntw York 
 
 INGALLS, H. H. G. . """"' * '"'■ 
 
 e , ' , * Castleton. N. Y 
 
 ^*- V „* X. : • Temple Court, New York 
 JENKS. CHARLES C. °"^ ^'"' """' ""■ 
 
 ;ONES. NAXHANIEL^'S "^ ^^ ^-"" ^^ ^ ' ' '""'' ""'• 
 JORDAN. A. H B ""''■ ^""'■' '^""' "^ '^^^^ ^o- ' '""''""' ""• 
 
 KNOWLES. H. M. ' ^^'^ ''^'^ ^ ^^ --■,,• """• """^ 
 K.0WL.O.. GEORGES- ^'^ ^-'-^ - "■""^' """''^ ^- 
 
 KNOVVLTON. GHO^rG^ W^ ^"^ '"^ ^--- "~" "^ "^ 
 
 ■D ' r^' Watertown, N. Y. 
 
 KOSTER, JOHNS f'«- Ontano Paper Co. 
 
 'tt 1*- * T, ' ■ • • Lyons Falls, N. Y. 
 
 LANG, JOHN ^"'"'"" "^""i '^o- 
 
 ^"> and Vine Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 LINDE, J. E. . 
 
 'pres I'lf V- ; »■ '^* ^^""™ St., New York 
 
 LINDSAY, ARCHIBALD G. ^^ """'' ^''" ^°- 
 
 LINDSAY, EDWInT " '""• °"-" ^-'^^"' ^'^" ^"^ ""'"'" *""" 
 LUKE, DAVID L O''^" ^-'--'n, Co! " " =—«- 
 
 LUKE, JOHN a"^- ^'^' ""'^"^ ''^" --■ I"-" Co.. r-"-' ^- ^- 
 Vice-Prec W^cf kr- - 't^ , ' ' ^°^ Broadway, New York 
 LYMAN, CHKTER WOLCOTT "" ^"^ '"" "'"" ^°- *'• 
 
 Mgr. Herkimer Paper' Co.' ' "«''-"• ^.Y. 
 
 ^ 
 
^.V I 
 
 
 w • 
 
 «i 
 
 M 
 
 n 
 
 U: if 
 
 tfr 
 
 3D MEMBERS 
 
 MABEE, DOUGLASS W • • Ballston Spa, N. Y. 
 
 George West. 
 MARSHALL, JOHN KNOX . . . . i43 Milk St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Baeder, Adamson & Co. 
 
 MASON M. B 220 Devonshire St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 S. D. Warren & Co. 
 
 Mccormick, JOSEPH H Times Building, New York 
 
 International Pulp Co. 
 Mcdonald, a. J Couvemeur, N. Y. 
 
 McELWAIN, R. F Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 Sec'y Crocker Manufacturing Co. 
 
 McEWAN, R. B «' Wooster St., New York 
 
 Treas. McEwan Brothers Co., &c. 
 
 MEAD, CHARLES DURKEE Dayton, Ohio 
 
 Prea. The Mead Paper Co. 
 
 MEAD, H. E. Dayton, Ohio 
 
 Vice-Pres. Mead Paper Co. 
 
 MEGARGEE, BERNARD B Scranton, Pa. 
 
 Megargee Brothers. 
 MEGARGEE, GEORGE M. . . • i8 S. Sixth St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Sec'y Megargee Paper Mills. 
 MEGARGEE, IRWIN N. . . . "-M S. Sixth St., Philadelphia. Pa. 
 
 I. N. Megargee & Co. 
 MENTZEL, A. W ^5 S. Charles St.. Baltimore, Md. 
 
 MILLAR, GEORGE W 62-64 Duane St., New York 
 
 George W. Millar & Co. 
 
 MILLER, EBEN 65-67 Duane St., New York 
 
 Miller, Sloan & Wright. 
 
 MILLER, ORLANDO A Columbus, Ohio 
 
 Pres. Central Ohio Paper Co., &c. 
 
 MILLER. WARNER Times Building. New York 
 
 Pres. Herkimer Paper Co. 
 
 MILLIKEN. CHARLES H Mechanic Falls, Me. 
 
 Poland Paper Co. 
 MOHR. JAMES NICHOLAS . . Bullitt Building, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Vice-Pres. Reading Paper Mills. 
 
 MORGAN. H. S Saugerties. N. Y. 
 
 Saugerties Paper Co. 
 
 MORGAN, JOHN C Niagara Falls, N. Y. 
 
 Sec'y and Gen. Mgr. Niagara Falls Paper Co. 
 
 MOORE, ALBERT C B«="^^s F^"^' V*' 
 
 Pres. Moore & Thompson Paper Co. 
 
 MOSES. GALEN CLAPP ^^^^' ^*- 
 
 Treas. Richards Paper Co. 
 
 MOSES. H. A. Mittineaguc, Mass. 
 
 Treas. and Mgr. Mittineague Paper Co. 
 
 MULLEN, CHARLES H Mount Holly Springs, Pa. 
 
 Pres. Mount Holly Paper Co. 
 NEWTON. EDWARD T Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 Treas. Waurcgan Paper Co. 
 NEWTON, JAMES HALE Holyoke, Mass 
 
 Pres. Waurcgan Paper Co. 
 NEWTON. MOSES Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 Treas. Chemical Paper Co. 
 
 11, 
 
 ME.MBERS 31 
 
 NIXON, WILLIAM H. . . . 231 Drexel Building. Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Pres. Martin & W. H. Nixon Paper Co. 
 
 OSBORN, ALBERT E S4-S6 Franklin St., New York 
 
 Osborn & Wilson. 
 
 OUTTERSON, JAMES A Carthage, N. Y. 
 
 Pres. Carthage Tissue Paper Mills. 
 
 PAGE, H. T T^., , . 
 
 ... • ^ , Fitchburg. Mass. 
 
 Vice-Pres. Geo. W. Wheelwright Paper Co 
 
 PAINE, AUGUSTUS G Times Building, New York 
 
 Pres. New York and Pennsylvania Co. 
 
 PAINE. AUGUSTUS GJR Times Building. New York 
 
 Gen 1 Mgr. New York and Pennsylvania Co. 
 
 PARKER. JOSEPH Ne« Hav«. Conn. 
 
 Joseph Parker & Son Co. 
 
 PARKS, FREDERICK H Qlens Falls. N. Y 
 
 Vice-Pres. Glens Falls Paper Mill Co. 
 PARSONS. MARSELIS CLARK ... ,57 Broadway, New York 
 
 Vice-Pres. W. H. Parsons & Co., &c. 
 PARSONS. WILLIAM HENRY ....;, Broadway. New York 
 
 Pres. W. H. Parsons & Co., &c. 
 PARSONS. WILLIAM HENRY, JR. . . ,,, Broadway. New York 
 
 Treas. W. H. Parsons & Co., &c. 
 
 PERKINS. GEORGE F. ^ Duane S... New York 
 
 Perkins. Goodwin & Co. 
 PICKLES. JAMES D. .50 Nassau St.. New York 
 
 POTTS. HUGH E " "' """^ '"^'^ ^''" ^- ^ , 
 
 xr' ^' , ' ' ■ • • • Johnsonburg, Pa. 
 New York and Pennsylvania Co. 
 PULSIFER. N. T. . . at u . ^ 
 
 _. , Manchester. Conn. 
 
 Pres. and Treas. Oakland Paper Co. 
 
 RAMAGE. JAMES ... w , , ,., 
 
 ••••••••. Holyoke. Mass. 
 
 Pres. Ramage Paper Co. 
 
 RANTOUL. JR.. CHARLES WILLIAM . Times Building. New York 
 
 Ticonderoga Pulp and Paper Co 
 
 READ, FRANK B ^ Washington St., New York 
 
 REIST. BENJAMIN F. . . t „ 
 
 ,, . • ^ Tyrone, Pa. 
 
 Morrison & Cass Paper Co. 
 REMINGTON. C. H. . . w . . xr ,. 
 
 c . J ^ * ^ Watertown, N. Y. 
 
 bee y and Treas. Remington & Son Co. 
 
 RICK THEODORE F.^ . .., MoLe S... Chicago. lU. 
 
 Vice-Pres. Bradner Smith & Co. 
 
 RIEGEL. BENJAMIN RiegelsviUe. N. J. 
 
 ^„ John L. Riegel & Son. 
 
 RILEY, EDWIN ... r-u- t. , ,, 
 
 ^ Chisholm. Me. 
 
 «T,.^o Otis Falls Pulp Co. 
 
 RINDSKOPF, ALFRED t- ^ -.j- 
 
 , rLx^rx^iLij . . , x,^gg Building, New York 
 
 Secy International Pulp Co. 
 
 RISING, B. D ,,.,,. 
 
 T, • Mittineague, Mass. 
 
 Ireas. Agawam Paper Co. 
 
 ROBERTSON. HENRY MONTAGUE . . 3.9 Broadway. New York 
 
 Henry M. Robertson & Co. 
 
 ROBINSON, FRANKLIN E Martha e N Y 
 
 „^^ Pres. West End Pulp and Casket Co. ^'' 
 
 ROGERS, E. C w 1 1, itc 
 
 xj , ^ * , Holyoke, Mass 
 
 Pres. and Treas. Massasoit Paper Mfg. Co. 
 
 4 
 
 .4 
 
A 
 
 1 1 
 
 I' 
 
 r-* 
 
 Ml 
 
 
 ; 
 
 3^ MEMBERS 
 
 ROGERS. JAMES Ausable Forks, N. Y. 
 
 Pres. J. & J. Rogers Co. 
 
 RUSSELL, GEORGE W 85 Water St., Boston, M.«. 
 
 Russell Paper Co. 
 
 RUSSELL, WILLIAM A g, vVa.er St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Pres. Fall Mountain Paper Co., &c. 
 
 RUSSELL, WILLIAM D Turnws Falls, Ma.,. 
 
 V ice-Pres. and Treas. Montague Paper Co. 
 
 SAVERY. THOMAS H. . . . ^ wnn,;n<,*.„ r. , 
 
 „ _ Wilmington, Del. 
 
 i res. Denver Sulphite Fibre Co.. &c. 
 
 SCHOELLKOPF, ARTHUR xi^gara Falls. N. Y. 
 
 Vicc-Pres. Cliff Paper Co. 
 
 SCOTT. OLIN Bennington, v.. 
 
 SHARP. W. HAROLD . . . . a6 S. Sixth St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Treas. The Jessup & Moore Paper Co. 
 SHATTUCK, F. C j,,„„^^_ ,^.^ 
 
 Sec'y Atlas Paper Co. 
 
 SHEFFIELD. WILLIAM R 150 Nassau St., New York 
 
 Pres. Stoddard Paper Co. 
 
 SHERMAN. GEORGE C Watertown, N. Y. 
 
 Treas. Taggarts Paper Co. 
 SINGERLY, WILLIAM M. . . Record Building, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Pres. Smgerly Pulp and Paper Co. 
 
 SLOAN. JOHN H 55 Duane St., New York 
 
 Sec'y and Treas. Miller, Sloan & Wright. 
 
 SLOAT. MAITLAND B Times Building. New York 
 
 bee y and Treas. New York and Pennsylvania Co. 
 SMITH, C. F. MATHER .... 1x9 Monroe St.. Chicago. 111. 
 
 Sec'y Bradner Smith & Co. 
 
 SMITH. WELLINGTON l,,^ ^ass. 
 
 Treas. Smith Paper Co. 
 
 SNELL. B. H p,t,d,^^ j^ Y. 
 
 Sec'y Racquette River Paper Co. 
 SNIDER. H. J Cincinnati. Ohio 
 
 SOUTHWORTH. CHARLES H. . . . South Hadley Falls. Mass. 
 
 Treas. Carew Manufacturing Co., &c. 
 
 SOUTHWORTH. H. W Mittineague, Mass. 
 
 Pres. and Treas. Southworth Co. 
 
 SPARKS, E. G. Hamburg. N. J. 
 
 Pres. The Sparks Manufacturing Co. 
 SPICER. FREMONT WAYNE . 7 and 9 Stonecastle St., E. C, London, Eng. 
 
 Perkins, Goodwin & Co. 
 
 SPIER. WILLIAM E Glens Falls. N. Y. 
 
 Pres. Glens Falls Paper Mill Co. 
 
 SQUIER, FRANK 55^ Ouang st., New York 
 
 Perkins, Goodwin & Co. 
 
 STEARNS, EDWARD H Unionville, Conn. 
 
 Treas. The Plainer & Porter Paper Manufacturing Co. 
 
 STOEVER. CHARLES M Minor St.. Philadelphia. Pa. 
 
 Charles M. Stoever & Co. 
 
 STOKES, HENRY W 308 Walnut St., Philadelphia. Pa. 
 
 Sec'y and Treas. York Haven Paper Co. 
 
 STRATTON. HOMER J pairfield. Mass. 
 
 Treas. Woronoco Paper Co. 
 
 MEMBEItS 33 
 
 STUART, W. A. Neave Building. Cincinnati. Ohio 
 
 Stuart & Brown. 
 
 THOMPSON, G. W 44 Murray St.. New York 
 
 Pres. Diamond Mills Paper Co. 
 TRAIN, SAMUEL PUTNAM ... 24 Federal St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Train. Smith & Co. 
 
 VERNON, T. ALFRED 22-26 Reade St., New York 
 
 Vernon Brothers & Co. 
 
 VILMAR, FREDERICK 66-68 Duane St., New York 
 
 Perkins, Goodwin & Co. 
 
 WALKLEY, L. V 26 Cortlandt St., New York 
 
 Pultz & Walkley Co. 
 
 WALLER, TOM T Piercefield, N. Y. 
 
 Pres. Piercefield Falls Paper Co. 
 
 WARREN, FISK 220 Devonshire St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 S. D. Warren & Co. 
 
 WEBSTER. J. FRED Orono, Me. 
 
 Pres. Webster Paper Co. 
 
 WEEKS, CHARLES G Skaneateles, N. Y. 
 
 Sec'y and Treas. Lakeside Paper Co. 
 WEST, GEORGE Ballston Spa, N. Y. 
 
 WESTON, BYRON . Dalton, Mass. 
 
 Pres. Byron Weston Co. 
 
 WHEELWRIGHT. GEORGE W. ... 95 Milk St., Boston, Mas*. 
 
 Pres. The George Wheelwright Paper Co. 
 
 WHITEHOUSE, F. C Brunswick. Me. 
 
 Treas. Lisbon Falls Fibre Co. 
 WHITING, GEORGE A Menasha, Wis. 
 
 WHITING, S. R Holyoke, Mask 
 
 Whiting Paper Co. 
 WHITING, WILLIAM Holyoke. Mast. 
 
 Pres. Whiting Paper Co. 
 WHITING, W. F. Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 Treas. Whiting Paper Co. 
 WHITNEY, H. M 64 Federal St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Tileston & Hollingsworth. 
 WHITTELSEY, FRANK H Windsor Locks, Coniu 
 
 WICKHAM, CLARENCE H Hartford, Connu 
 
 Pres. Hartford Manilla Co., &c. 
 
 WILDER, H. A. 220 Devonshire St., Boston, Mass^ 
 
 Treas. Olcott Falls Co. 
 WILKINSON, EDWARD T. . . . 419-421 Broome St., New York 
 
 Pres. Wilkinson Brothers & Co. 
 
 WILKINSON, THOMAS P 419-421 Broome St., New York 
 
 Sec'y Wilkinson Brothers & Co. 
 
 WILSON, FRANK W S4-S6 Franklin St., New York 
 
 Osborn & Wilson. 
 WILSON, JOHN .... Chamber of Commerce, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Pres. Cumberland Paper Co. 
 
 WOOLWORTH, C. C Castleton. N. Y. 
 
 Pres. and Treas. Fort Orange Paper Co. 
 
 WRIGHT, EDWARD E 67 Duane St., New York 
 
 Miller. Sloan & Wright. 
 
 MIIHIli 
 
I); 
 
 34 
 
 DECEASED MEMBERS 
 
 CLASSIFICATION 
 
 35 
 
 ^v.. 
 
 €\a»Mcation of iSX^txabm 
 
 V 
 
 b' 
 
 1. 1 
 
 ri « 
 
 h 
 
 \\: 
 
 ^eceajied 
 
 WATSON, B. F. New York 
 
 Died August 15, 1897. 
 
 WILDER, CHARLES TYLER .... VVellesley Hills, Mass. 
 
 Died September 16, 1897. 
 
 BULLARD, EDWARD CHESSELDEN .... Schuylerville, N. Y. 
 
 Died September 18, 1897. 
 
 SOUTHWORTH, EDWARD COURTLAND . South Hadley Falls, Mass. 
 
 Died September 22, 1897. 
 
 MOREHOUSE, ROBERT OWEN . . . Bridesburg, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Died October 26, 1897. 
 
 HALLADAY, JOHN B Chicago, 111. 
 
 Died January 11, 1898. 
 
 TILESTON, JOHN BOIES Boston, Mass. 
 
 Died January 24, 1898. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS 
 Writing 
 Book 
 News 
 Wrapping 
 Wood pulp 
 Chemical fibre 
 Boards 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 Duplicates ' 
 
 Total number of manufacturers 
 DEALERS 
 
 Duplicates** 
 
 UNCLASSIFIED 
 
 41 
 53 
 
 49 
 
 26 
 
 7 
 34 
 
 9 
 14 
 
 233 
 
 191 
 61 
 
 252 
 
 18 
 
 234 
 
 II 
 
 Total number of members 
 
 ••♦3 
 
 v 
 
 « 
 
 • Appearing in more than one class. 
 
 ** Appearing as both manufacturers and dealers. 
 
 y^vta 
 

 DISTRIBUTION 
 
 ;* 
 
 
 If i 
 
 It 
 
 
 \A 
 
 I. 
 
 .1 
 
 jD(j8trtbttt(on of ^tmhtt$* 
 
 Maine 
 
 New Hampshire . 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Massachusetts p 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 New England States 
 
 New York 
 New Jersey 
 Pennsylvania 
 Delaware 
 
 Middle States . 
 
 Maryland 
 
 Virginia 
 
 West Virginia 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Michigan 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 England 
 
 Total 
 
 New York city 
 Boston 
 Philadelphia 
 Holyoke 
 
 •According to their business addresses. 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 63 
 
 10 
 
 96 
 
 96 
 
 3 
 
 35 
 
 I 
 
 125 
 
 3 
 I 
 I 
 
 6 
 6 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 I 
 
 24 
 
 245 
 
 58 
 25 
 15 
 14 
 
 ciajsjsmea tm of fSimTam' 
 
 Adams, E. M. 
 Atterbury, E. B. 
 Bare, D. M. 
 Bowman, H. H. 
 Burnett, C. M. 
 Bush, C. E. 
 Caldwell, W. N. 
 Carson, J. D. 
 Cass, J. K. 
 Crane, W. W. 
 Crane, Z. 
 Crocker, C. A. 
 Daniels, A. B. 
 Dickinson, H. S. 
 
 Anderson, J. G. 
 Armstrong, M. M, 
 Atterbury, R. B. 
 Baer, G. F. 
 Bare, D. M. 
 Barker, W. T. 
 Bowman, H. H. 
 Boyce, B. S. 
 Bullard, D. A. 
 Bush. C. E. 
 Carter, R. D. 
 Cass, J. K. 
 Carpenter, F. P. 
 Crocker, C. A. 
 Delano, C. H. 
 Dickinson, C. H. 
 Duncan, J. C. 
 Duncan, T. 
 
 Hunting 
 
 Eaton, A. W. 
 Edgerton, C. A. 
 Embree, E. L. 
 Forbes, L. S. 
 Greenleaf, O. S. 
 Jenks, C. C. 
 McElwain, R. F. 
 Morgan, H. S. 
 Moses, H. A. 
 Mullen, C. H. 
 Newton, E. T. 
 Newton, J. H. 
 Newton, M. 
 Rantoul, Jr., C. W. 
 
 Emerson, J. T. 
 Farren, B. N. 
 Gibson, S. A. 
 Gilbert, F. 
 Hamilton, C. L. 
 Hollingsworth, A. L. 
 Hubbard. C. L. 
 Luke, D. L. 
 Luke, J. G. 
 Mason, M. B. 
 McElwain, R. F. 
 Mead, C. D. 
 Mead, H. E. 
 Megargee, G. M. 
 Milliken, C. H. 
 Mohr, J. N. 
 Nixon, W. H. 
 Page, H. T. 
 
 Reist, B. F., 
 Rising, B. D. 
 Rogers, E. C. 
 Southford, C. H. 
 Southford, H. W. 
 Steams, E. H. 
 Stratton, H. J. 
 Weston, B. 
 Wheelwright, G. W. 
 Whiting, G. A. 
 Whiting, S. R. 
 Whiting, W. 
 Whiting, W. F. 
 
 Paine, A. G. 
 Paine, A. G., Jr. 
 Pickles, J. D. 
 Potts, H. E. 
 Pulsifer, N. T. 
 Rantoul, Jr., C. W. 
 Reist, B. F. 
 Russell, G. W. 
 Russell, W. A. 
 Russell, W. D. 
 Sharp, W. H. 
 Sloat, M. B. 
 Warren, F. 
 Weeks, C. G. 
 Whiting, G. A. 
 Whitney, H. M. 
 Woolworth, C. C. 
 
 • According to the classes with which they arc mainly identified. 
 
 
 f 
 
 ^jllll*! fli».l 
 

 .H 
 
 :i't' 
 
 i I 
 
 h:^ 
 
 V 
 
 [\ 
 
 Iff 
 
 \i' *' 
 
 I 
 
 Barker, W. T. 
 Bickford, L. M. 
 Brown, H. J. 
 Brown, W. W. 
 Bulkley, J. , 
 Burbank, A. N. 
 Chisholm, H. J. 
 Coolidge, T. S. 
 Cowles, D. S. 
 Curtis, W. 
 Daniell, E. S. 
 Daniell, W. F. 
 Dillon, W. B. 
 Emery, Jr., D. F. 
 Everett, W. F. 
 Farren, B. N. 
 
 Adams, E. M. 
 Bermingham, E. F. 
 Browning, F. W. 
 Callender, C. F. 
 Case, R. S. 
 Coburn, J. R. 
 Cornwell, C. 
 Dean, C. A. 
 Gould, G. H. P. 
 
 Burdick, F. M. 
 Clapp, A. W. 
 
 Armstrong, M. M. 
 Barnes, Jr., J. S. 
 Bertuch, F. 
 Bermingham, E. F. 
 Blackman, H. 
 Brown, C. D. 
 Brown, H. J. 
 Brown, W. W. 
 Burgess, T. P. 
 Bush, C. E. 
 Chisholm, H. J. 
 
 CLASSIFIED LIST 
 
 Frambach, H. A. 
 Fullerton, K. B. 
 Gilbert, F. 
 Gould, G. H. P. 
 Hall, L. A. 
 Hastings, A. C. 
 Hobson, J. L. 
 Hosford, I. B. 
 Ingram, R. D. 
 Knowles, H. M. 
 Knowlton, G. VV. 
 Koster, J. S. 
 Lyman, C. W. 
 Miller, W. 
 Morgan, J. C. 
 Parks, F. H. 
 Parsons, M. C. 
 
 n^rapping 
 
 Lindsay, A. J. 
 Lindsay, E. P. 
 Mabee, D. W. 
 Moore, A. C. 
 Newton, M. 
 Ramage, J. 
 Remington, C. H. 
 Rice, T. F. 
 Riegel, B. 
 
 II^QOtl pulp 
 
 Clapp, E. H. 
 Denison, E. B. 
 Draper, W. H. 
 
 Cbemical /Fibre 
 
 Chahoon, G. 
 Clapp, A. W. 
 Clapp, E. H. 
 Conley, J. 
 Delano, C. H. 
 Duncan, J. C. 
 Duncan, T. 
 Fletcher, A. M. 
 Hammond, G. W. 
 Jones, N. M. 
 Jordan, A. H. B. 
 Lindsay, A. J. 
 
 Parsons, W. H. 
 Parsons, W. H., Jr. 
 Riegel, B. 
 Russell, VV. A. 
 Russell, W . D. 
 Scott, O. 
 Schoellkopf, A. 
 Sherman, G. C. 
 Shattuck, F. C. 
 Singerly, W. M. 
 Spier, W. E. 
 Waller, T. T. 
 Webster, J. F. 
 Weeks, C. G. 
 Whitehouse, F. C. 
 Wilder, H. A. 
 
 Sherman, G. C. 
 Smith, C. F. M. 
 Snell, B. H. 
 Stokes, H. VV. 
 Train, S. P. 
 West, G. 
 Wickham, C. H. 
 Wilson, J. 
 
 Moses, G. C. 
 Robinson, F. E. 
 
 Luke, D. L. 
 Luke, J, G. 
 Moses, G. C. 
 Paine, A. G. 
 Paine, A. G., 
 Rogers, J. 
 Savery, T. H. 
 Sharp, W. H. 
 Singerly, W. M 
 Sloat, M. B. 
 Snell, B. H. 
 
 Jr. 
 
 Blandy, I. C. 
 Browning, F. W. 
 Case, A. W. 
 
 Allen, L. 
 Cheney, P. C. 
 Farwell, P. 
 Hall, J. H. 
 Knowlton, G. S. 
 
 Ackerman, J. F. 
 Arkell, W. J. 
 Armstrong, M. M. 
 Bertuch, F. 
 Belden, M. B. 
 Brocklebank, J. C. 
 Buchanan, R. G. 
 Bulkley, J. 
 Chatfield, A. H. 
 Conrow, T. 
 Conrow, W. E. 
 Cowles, D. S. 
 Dennison, A. T. 
 Elliot, A. G. 
 Etherington, W. F. 
 Fitzgerald, J. M. 
 Forsyth, J. B. 
 Flinn, F. A. 
 Fullerton, K. B. 
 Cade, Henry. 
 Godfrey, J. C. 
 
 CLASSIFIED LIST 
 
 Chisholm, H. J. 
 Evans, R. E. 
 Foulds, W. 
 
 Hftifcellaneauf 
 
 Knowlton, G. W. 
 Marshall, J. K. 
 Outterson, J. A. 
 Parker, J. 
 Sherman, G. C 
 
 Haverstick, A. 
 Haverstick, E. U. 
 Hubbs, C. F. 
 Lang, J. 
 Linde, J. E. 
 Megargee, B. B. 
 Megargee, G. M. 
 Megargee, I. N. 
 Mentzel, A. W. 
 Millar, G. W. 
 Miller, E. 
 Miller, O. A. 
 Osborn, A. E. 
 Paine, A. G. 
 Paine, A. G., Jr. 
 Parsons, M. C. 
 Parsons, W. H. 
 Parsons, W. H., Jr. 
 Perkins, G. F. 
 Read, F. B. 
 Rice, T. F. 
 
 French, J. W. 
 Ingalls, H. H. C. 
 McEwan, R. B. 
 
 Smith, W. 
 Sparks, E. G. 
 Thompson, G. W. 
 Whittelsey, F. H. 
 
 Robertson, H. M. 
 Sharp, W. H. 
 Sheffield, W. R. 
 Singerly, W. M. 
 Sloan, J. H. 
 Sloat, M. B. 
 Smith, C F. M. 
 Snider, H. J. 
 Spicer, F. W. 
 Squier, F. 
 Stoever, C. M. 
 Stuart, W. A. 
 Train, S. P. 
 Vernon, T. A. 
 Vilmar, F. 
 Wilkinson, E. T. 
 Wilkinson, T. P. 
 Wilson, F. W. 
 Woolworth, C. C 
 Wright, E. E. 
 
 I 
 
 39 
 
 ,i - 
 
 
 ■Vf ■ 
 
 iiiiiiruiii iiiiiiN IF' 'iiiiiP' ""f '■""■ "n-'- 
 

 U I 
 
 o 
 
 \- t 
 
 \ i^ 
 
 W. 
 
 lit 
 
 I 
 
 H 
 
 
 fSasBtiL: 
 
 i^tsitoncal ^itetcf) 
 
''# 
 
 '( 
 
 '!/ 
 
 t 
 
 M 
 
 I 
 
 t 
 
 J^tjStor? of tl^e araerfcan i^aper anD i^ulp 
 
 a^jSociation 
 
 IfivtpavKh Itji the ^«fr«iarH 
 
 Contiention of l$7i 
 
 The American Paper Makers' Association, as our national organ- 
 ization was originally called, was born of adversity, so to speak, for 
 it grew out of the depression following the rude check which the 
 panic of 1873 PUt upon the industrial progress stimulated by the war. 
 Since 1873 the paper industry, in common with most others, had 
 been going from bad to worse; prices falling in spite of no material 
 increase in capacity, thus indicating an absolute decrease in the pur- 
 chasing power of the country. In fact, in 1878 conditions were very 
 much as in 1897, except that in place of a degree of hopefulness was 
 absolute despair. 
 
 There had been at regular intervals from early days gatherings or 
 conventions of paper manufacturers, but no permanent organization 
 had ever been attempted, so far as the writer is aware. The writing- 
 paper manufacturers, for example, had held an isolated meeting in 
 i860 at Pittsfield, Mass., when their branch of the business was suf- 
 fering from overproduction, although the total daily output at that 
 time was estimated to be only about fifty tons! 
 
 But in 1878 matters had reached such a point that it was felt that 
 something must be done, and at an informal meeting of manufac- 
 turers at Springfield, Mass., July 20, 1878, a committee was appointed 
 to consider calling a convention of all the paper manufacturers of 
 the country. Such a call was issued on August i for a convention 
 to be held at Saratoga on August 28. It was signed by William 
 Whiting, George E. Marshall, C. O. Brown, D. F. Crocker and O. C. 
 Chapin, and stated that "matters affecting the general good of the 
 trade would be discussed, especially the question of demand and sup- 
 ply and the best means of insuring stability to our business, now so 
 seriously demoralized." In accordance with this call a large num- 
 ber of manufacturers assembled at the Grand Union Hotel. The 
 comparatively puny proportions of the industry at that time are dis- 
 played in the figures giving the capacity of the mills represented by 
 those in attendance. Thus among the writing-paper manufacturers 
 Z. Crane is credited with two and one-half tons, Byron Weston two 
 and one-half tons, A. E. Harding three tons, William Whiting 
 
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 - »•- 
 
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 ■V 
 
 ISv 
 
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 • 1 
 
 i: 
 
 44 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 dwarfing them all with an output of twelve tons; total for writing pa- 
 per about one hundred tons. In the book and news class, which ag- 
 gregated two hundred and forty tons, the largest concerns represent- 
 ed were Jessup & Moore and the American Wood Paper Company, 
 credited with twenty tons each. Others were Wellington Smith, 
 seventeen tons; W. H. Parsons, eight tons; Warner Miller, four 
 tons; J. A. Kimberly, three and one-half tons, and A. D. Remington, 
 six tons. The largest output represented in the manilla line was that 
 of George West, nine tons. 
 
 The convention was called to order by William Whiting, and on 
 motion of William A. Russell, W. G. Plunckett— at that time a Nes- 
 tor of the paper trade— was elected chairman. A committee of twen- 
 ty-one was appointed to consider a plan of procedure, but not until 
 there had been a lively debate over its composition, because excep- 
 tion was taken to some of the names proposed on the ground that 
 they were not manufacturers. This led to the consideration of who 
 were entitled to participate in the convention. It was finally decided 
 to limit the number to manufacturers, a manufacturer being defined 
 as an owner or stockholder on a sufficient scale to identify him with 
 the management of a mill. The officers of the convention were: Wil- 
 liam Whiting, president; C. O. Chapin and W. H. McClung, secre- 
 taries; Messrs. A. E. Harding, Whiting, Fairchild, Woodruff and 
 Nixon, vice-presidents. 
 
 Cbe Xlfociation*! 4^m 
 
 On the following day, August 29, the committee of twenty-one, 
 having prolonged its counsels well into the previous night, recom- 
 mended curtailment of one-sixth of the product of all the mills of the 
 country for six months, if eighty-five per cent, of them would consent 
 thereto. They also advised the formation of a permanent association. In 
 the discussion which followed it is quite interesting to note the free- 
 dom with which the arbitrary control of production for the avowed 
 purpose of increasing prices— now a penal oflfense— was advocated. 
 The president of the convention even went so far as to remmd those 
 present that "God helps them that help themselves," which senti- 
 ment was greeted with applause. 
 
 A committee to draft a constitution, consisting of Messrs. Hard- 
 ing, Whiting, McClung, George West and W. A. Russell, was ap- 
 pointed, and the convention having adopted the constitution sub- 
 mitted to it by them, having elected officers of the association and 
 appointed a committee to carry out the plan of curtailment already 
 decided upon, dissolved without having formally turned over the 
 meeting to the newly formed association, so that strictly speaking 
 
 L>> 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 45 
 
 
 it may be said that there was no meeting of the association at this 
 time. Therefore the meeting of the following year was the first. 
 
 i€f)t Conltminon 
 
 As there was only one thought in the minds of those who attended 
 the convention, which was that they might control the market, so the 
 fruit of their meeting was an organization designed expressly to 
 accomplish that end. This is made clear by a perusal of the consti- 
 tution. It was recognized that the key to the situation lay in limiting 
 the production, and so membership in the association was jealously 
 restricted to producers. It was the American Paper Makers' Asso- 
 ciation, and apparently assuming that all manufacturers would be in 
 sympathy and act in accord with a body organized for the general 
 good of the industry there was no enrollment of members, every 
 manufacturer being welcome to attend the meetings and take part in 
 the deliberations of the association. But it was expected that each 
 person would appear in a representative capacity for his mill, each 
 mill being entitled to one vote. The form of organization was a 
 central body with branches in different sections of the country. The 
 general officers constituted the Central Executive Council, and 
 among their duties was the arbitration of questions referred to them 
 by the different divisions of the association; they also had power 
 of assessment, the only means provided for obtaining a revenue. 
 Each division, of which there were five, had an executive committee, 
 which was to arbitrate questions arising between members of its own 
 division. The association had headquarters at Springfield, Mass., 
 and the five divisions at Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Cincinnati 
 and Chicago. 
 
 Itetn^ion of 1$S3 
 
 Viewed in the light of subsequent events it seems probable that 
 had the organization been divided at the start into groups according 
 to the kind of paper made more success might have attended its early 
 efforts. At any rate this change was made in a general revision 
 which the constitution underwent in 1883, at the instigation of J. W. 
 French, who had at that time been president for one term. From 
 this action it is evident that the constitution was in a measure held 
 accountable for the failure of the association to achieve up to that 
 time all that had been hoped for. As revised in 1883 the constitu- 
 tion provided for six divisions, viz., writing, book, news, manilla, 
 board and straw wrapping; the headquarters of each division were 
 to be determined by the majority vote of that division. The number 
 of vice-presidents of the association was increased from two to six, 
 
 J 
 
 i 
 
 \ 
 

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 \^ I 
 
 I 
 
 \l ^ 
 
 "1 
 
 ;( 
 
 
 46 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 one from each division, who was ex-ofHcio the president of his divi- 
 sion. It was at this meeting in 1883 also that the name was changed 
 to the American Paper Manufacturers' Association, as it was thought 
 the name "paper makers" was misleading, being applied quite as gen- 
 erally to mill employees as to mill owners. 
 
 Owing to the wide distribution of the mills it was deemed expedi- 
 ent to enable the Western mills to hold their division meetings in the 
 West and the Eastern mills in the East, and accordingly at the annu- 
 al meeting in 1884 the number of vice-presidents was doubled to 
 twelve, so that each division might have an Eastern and a Western 
 presiding officer. 
 
 In 1887 the number of vice-presidents grew to fourteen, on account 
 of the recognition of chemical fibre making as a growing branch of 
 the industry entitled to be classified by itself. 
 
 metoij^ion of It91 
 
 With only unimportant changes in the constitution the association 
 ran along until 1891, when William T. Barker, who had been elected 
 secretary and treasurer the previous year, carried through another 
 revision. Feeling that the association was not doing what was ex- 
 pected of it, and having studied its history, he came to the conclu- 
 sion that changed conditions demanded different methods. He argued 
 that the trade conditions were then and had been for some years so 
 much better than those prevailing when the association was started 
 that there was not the same necessity for an organization with cen- 
 tralized power, that it was beyond the scope of such an association 
 to control prices, and consequently that the proper aims of the as- 
 sociation should be newly defined, and that such changes should be 
 made in the constitution as comported therewith. The fundamental 
 idea developed by Mr. Barker, and embodied in the revised consti- 
 tution of 1891, was the cultivation of friendly intercourse among the 
 paper manufacturers, to the end that the association might thus the 
 better promote the welfare of the industry by considering all matters 
 of general interest to it. Members no longer appeared in a repre- 
 sentative capacity, but simply as individuals, each member paying an 
 initiation fee and annual dues, thus providing a more reliable income 
 for the association than had hitherto been the case. While the 
 divisions according to the class of manufacture were retained, their 
 wings were clipped by abolishing the executive committees and re- 
 ducing the number of vice-presidents to one for each division, chosen 
 indiscriminately from East or West. At this time was created the 
 wood-pulp division. Associate members and an annual banquet were 
 also provided for, in recognition of the social aims of the association. 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 47 
 
 Five associate members were elected that year, but, for some reason 
 not stated, at the following meeting in 1892 associate membership 
 was abolished by amendment. 
 
 ilietoif ion of 1$97 
 
 Since this revision of 1891 it must be confessed that the practical 
 utility of the association has not kept pace with the social develop- 
 ment, in so much so that the executive council felt constrained, at 
 a meeting in May, 1896, to pass a resolution expressing their sense 
 "that the association should be made a business and not purely a 
 social organization." And at the meeting at Niagara Falls in July 
 of that year a committee was appointed to consider whether any re- 
 vision of the constitution to bring about this end was desirable, and 
 if so to recommend such changes as they thought best. This com- 
 mittee reported at the meeting in February, 1897, that while they con- 
 sidered changes desirable, yet in the then sensitive condition of the 
 trade any radical course was deemed unadvisable for the time being. 
 A number of amendments, however, were adopted, but mostly un- 
 essential, the most important being that extending the membership 
 to the mercantile branch of the trade, which necessitated also a 
 change in the name to "The American Paper and Pulp Association." 
 
 While these successive revisions of the constitution have perhaps 
 impaired the effectiveness of the organization as a working body in 
 certain directions, yet they have left many fields of usefulness to 
 which the association can and doubtless will apply itself. 
 
 Mcttin^fy Annual anb .f>pecial 
 
 The constitution has always provided for an annual meeting, and ad- 
 ditional meetings have been held only as emergencies arose, the 
 power to call such meetings being given to the executive council. Al- 
 though the association was formed in 1878, yet the first meeting was 
 not held until July, 1879, as already explained. From that time on 
 there has been an annual meeting in July of each year at the Grand 
 Union Hotel, Saratoga, down to and including 1892. In 1893 there 
 was no meeting held on account of the panic which racked the coun- 
 try that year, and also because of the diversion of the World's Fair. 
 It had been determined to hold a meeting in Chicago some time 
 during the progress of the Fair and a call had actually been issued, 
 but the indications were that the attendance would be very small, and 
 so the meeting was reluctantly abandoned. In 1894 there was a meet- 
 ing as usual in Saratoga in July, at which it was determined to have 
 more special meetings, a preference being expressed for New York as 
 the meetingplace,and it was also voted to make the presentation of 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 i 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 'ill 
 
 48 
 
 HISTOKICAI, SICETCB 
 
 v'/ 
 
 'I A 
 
 
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 I» 1 
 
 ll!'!' Ji" 
 
 I 
 
 papers on practical subjects a feature of these occasions. In accord- 
 ance with this plan a special meeting was held at Delmonico's in New 
 York, on the 30th of January following, thus in a measure atoning 
 for the omission of the meeting in 1893. It was so well attended that 
 It was decided to thereafter hold the annual meeting in the winter 
 time, and this has been done, that of February 20, 1896, being held 
 at Delmonico's, and that of February 24, 1897, at the Waldorf. 
 
 Up to 1895 there had been only one special meeting, that of 
 October 22, 1884, held at the Metropolitan Hotel, in New York, for 
 the purpose of considering the situation created by the cholera scare 
 and the consequent restrictions on the importation of rags. On this 
 same date the Western manufacturers held a meeting in Chicago for 
 the same purpose. There has been but one special meeting since 1895^ 
 that of July 22, 1896, at Niagara Falls, it being called for no partic- 
 ular purpose except to quicken interest in the association. 
 
 There has always been a fair attendance at the meetings, and it has 
 been very representative in character. At the meeting in 1883 there was 
 an unusually large gathering, including quite a large delegation from 
 Wisconsin and other Western points, which was present presumably 
 in recognition of the fact that Colonel French of Three Rivers^ 
 Mich., was then president, the first and only one from the West the 
 association has had. 
 
 In 1882 there was much discussion at the meeting as to how the 
 membership could be increased and more interest in the association 
 created, indicating that the attendance and support of the members 
 was declining, probably in consequence of the comparatively im- 
 proved conditions of the market over those prevailing at the time 
 the association was formed. As there had been no enrollment of 
 members up to the time the constitution was revised in 1892, very 
 few having complied with the mere form of signing the constitution, 
 it was impossible to say just who were to be regarded as members of 
 the association, but Secretary Barker, by communicating with all 
 those who had at any time attended meetings or otherwise shown in- 
 terest in the association, succeeded in enrolling one hundred and sev- 
 enty-one names, seventy-six being from New England, fifty-five from 
 the Central States and the balance from Ohio and points west of it. 
 This enrollment was estimated to represent twelve per cent, of those 
 who were eligible to membership, thirty per cent, of the number of 
 mills in operation and forty-seven per cent, of the capacity of those 
 mills. 
 
 In 1894 the membership reported to the meeting was one hundred 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 49 
 
 and sixty-seven. At that meeting a committee of ten was appointed 
 to take steps to increase the number, with the result that in 1895 the 
 secretary reported a membership of two hundred and seven. It was 
 also brought out at this time that Western members were in arrears 
 and withdrawing from the association, not improbably because the 
 association had failed to meet in the West in 1892 or 1893. Between 
 the meetings of 189 1 and 1892 William T. Barker, then secretary, and 
 George W. Wheelwright had taken a trip through the West for the 
 express purpose of securing new members from that part of the 
 country. They were successful in adding quite a number, and in fact 
 brought the Western membership to its high-water mark. At that 
 time they had represented that the association would probably decide 
 to hold the next annual meeting, that of 1892, in the West, but they 
 were afterward chagrined at their inability to persuade the association 
 to make good their representations. Possibly the change in the date 
 of the World's Fair, from 1892 to 1893, had something to do with 
 this decision. 
 
 One more effort was made in 1896 to get new members from the 
 West As a result of remarks made at the annual meeting by Colo- 
 nel French, a conunittee consisting of himself and two Western 
 associates was appointed to take the matter in hand. 
 
 In 1896 the total membership reached two hundred and ten, but 
 had fallen to one hundred and eighty-three by February, 1897. 
 
 ille0ulaan0 4^tput 
 
 The association having been formed for the express purpose of 
 combating the ruinous effects of competition resulting from over- 
 production, most of its time and attention at its annual meetings has 
 until recent years been devoted to the consideration of means for 
 accomplishing this end. The plan which seemed to commend itself 
 most was that of limiting the output, and as already stated the con- 
 vention of 1878 recommended a curtailment of the output of one- 
 sixth for six months, and the association was charged with the task 
 of executing this plan. Though so thoroughly imbued with faith in 
 their ability to accomplish something by this means when they came 
 together for their convention, as soon as those present dispersed 
 their faith seems to have departed from them. At any rate, the com- 
 mittee charged with the fulfillment of the will of the association had 
 at the next annual meeting only failure to report. That the project 
 failed appeared to have been due to several causes; in the first place 
 an apathy or perhaps even antagonism to the plan, which was not 
 at all in evidence at the convention, appears to have come to the sur- 
 face very rapidly afterward, so that not only did some of the commit- 
 
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 I 
 
 f 
 
 / 
 
 I, 
 
 :, i 
 
 I' I. 
 
 •mfiitf 
 
 nmtit 
 
'J. 
 
 I* I 
 
 ^J 
 
 
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 7 
 
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 so 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 tees meet with indiflference or opposition where they expected sup- 
 port, but some of the committees themselves seemed not to be 
 acting in good faith, that representing the New York division mak- 
 ing little or no effort to carry out the program. It was even sug- 
 gested at the meeting in 1879 that there was a deliberate intention 
 on the part of the larger mills to thwart the efforts of the association, 
 in the belief that no remedy to their ills was possible except that of 
 eliminating some of the weaker competitors, and that therefore the 
 larger mills had concluded that the sooner the worst came the sooner 
 the small mills would be got rid of. It is also a fact that some of the 
 manufacturers mistook for a natural and permanent improvement a 
 slight quickening of the demand for paper and consequent change in 
 the market for the better, which was due merely to the consumers* 
 alarm at the organization of the paper makers at Saratoga. Such 
 manufacturers, therefore, became more independent in spirit and less 
 willing to co-operate in carrying out the plan of the association. 
 
 In contrast with the inertness of the Eastern divisions, the Cincin- 
 nati division promptly and readily secured the assent of the requisite 
 85 per cent, of the mills to the proposed plan of curtailment, but as 
 this division included, of course, all classes of manufacture, it could 
 take no independent action, and as it failed to obtain the co-operation 
 of the Eastern divisions the efforts of its committee came to naught. 
 As evidence, however, that curtailment of output by concerted action 
 is feasible, it may be stated that the writing-paper manufacturers, 
 who had organized themselves independently upon the adjournment 
 of the general convention in 1878, actually did shut down ten days 
 at Thanksgiving time and ten days at Christmas, perceptibly 
 strengthening the market thereby. 
 
 ^\)t ^oom of 1$79^ 
 
 At the meeting in 1879 there was a general discussion of trade con- 
 ditions, but with the recent failure of their former plan fresh in mind 
 the association seemed to lack the heart to again undertake a similar 
 task so soon, and before the meeting in July, 1880, there had been 
 the most unexpected change in the situation; for within that brief 
 period had sprung up, thrived and all but disappeared that historic 
 boom which caused the only halt in the downward march of prices 
 from 1873 to the present day. 
 
 It is interesting to glance at the market prices before and after 
 this boom. In August, 1878, the price of ledger paper was 18 cents. 
 While the price rose much higher during the boom it had already sub- 
 sided in July, 1880, to from 19 to 24cents. The corresponding prices for 
 super-sized and calendered book paper were about 11 cents in 1878, 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 51 
 
 and from loj^ to iij^ in 1880, all the gain from the boom having 
 thus already been lost. Print paper, which in 1878 had been selling 
 for from 6^ to 7J4 cents, in 1880 sold for from 7^2 to 7^ cents, 
 whereas during the boom it reached 9 cents. 
 
 At the meeting in 1880 Wellington Smith, who, as vice-president, 
 in the absence of Mr. Whiting, presided, reviewed the occurrences of 
 the previous twelve months. From this and other sources we gather 
 that the paper market began to improve soon after the last meeting, 
 in common with other lines of business. This improvement has gen- 
 erally been attributed to a succession of unusually heavy crops in the 
 West; to a large balance of exports and a consequent influx of gold, 
 and also to a natural reaction from the depression which had existed 
 since 1873. 
 
 Had the paper market alone thus revived, paper manufacturers 
 would indeed have reaped a harvest, but as a matter of fact, as is usu- 
 al in such cases, raw materials first advanced, and to a greater extent 
 than the manufactured product. The price of rags jumped up so 
 rapidly that manufacturers were caught, many of them, with contracts 
 on their hands to provide paper at the low prices which had been 
 prevailing, which paper they were forced to make out of materials 
 bought at boom prices. Moreover, many, to protect themselves 
 against possible further advance in stock, made contracts for stock 
 while refraining from making contracts to sell paper, in the hope 
 that by holding off they could get still higher prices ; but as the col- 
 lapse in the price of paper came quite suddenly, they were again 
 caught by having to fulfill their contracts on stock and sell their 
 paper on a declining market. To add to their discomfiture the press, 
 chafing under the unusual burden of higher prices, sought to retaliate 
 upon the paper makers by prejudicing Congress, which was then con- 
 sidering a revision of the tariff, against them, claiming that the ad- 
 vance in the price of paper was due to a combination on the part of 
 the manufacturers. This movement was inconsistently joined in by 
 some high protection organs, right in the face of the fact that iron 
 had doubled in value and the price of many other articles increased 
 more than paper. They asked a removal of all protection to the 
 paper makers. However, a committee of paper makers appeared be- 
 fore the Committee on Ways and Means, with Warner Miller as 
 spokesman, and so effectually refuted the representations of the press 
 that Congress made little or no reduction in the protection previous- 
 ly afforded all branches of the paper industry. 
 
 after tf)t %wm 
 
 So it was that when the paper makers came together in 1880 most 
 of them were in a gloomy state of mind, and, prices having already 
 
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 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 returned nearly to the ante-boom level, they were again ready to 
 give ear to any plan for checking the decline which seemed likely to, 
 and which did in fact, continue. A. E. Harding, of Ohio, whose 
 voice had always been raised in favor of controlling the output, and 
 who was at this time the chief agitator, very forcibly exploited the 
 advantages to be obtained by limiting the supply to the demand; but 
 at this meeting more prominence was given to the fact that if we 
 could dispose of our surplus we could reach the same ends in a bet- 
 ter way than by cutting down the production. 
 
 Hesulation Sln<ucce##fuT 
 
 The whole matter was finally turned over to a committee of ten, 
 who, after considering the most feasible plan for regulating the sup- 
 ply to the demand, recommended closing the mills at 6 p. m. on 
 Saturday until 6 a. m. Monday. The association adopted this plan 
 and empowered a committee to take steps to carry it out, but at the 
 meeting of 1881 this committee reported that they had been unable 
 to accomplish their purpose, having met with indiflference, and hav- 
 ing encountered a more serious obstacle in the objections raised by 
 the employees to having their wages cut down in proportion to the 
 hours of work. Another partial cause for their failure was the 
 drought in the summer of 1880, which, by cutting down the output, 
 to a certain extent rendered their project unnecessary. 
 
 At the meeting in 1881 the problem of controlling the market was 
 not discussed to any extent, in spite of the fact that news paper had 
 fallen in price to 6J^ cents as a result of the over-production stimu- 
 ulated by the short-lived boom of the year before. 
 
 Snctta^eti f&robuction 
 
 In July, 1882, the situation was about the same as during the year 
 previous, excepting that the depression in the trade may be said to 
 have reached the chronic state in which it has been ever since. 
 President Wellington Smith brought out the fact very clearly that 
 this depression was due to an unwarranted increase in the producing 
 capacity at the mills. At that meeting still another plan of curtailing 
 production was communicated to the association by Howard Lock- 
 wood, embodied in a series of articles to be subscribed to by the 
 mills, the main features of which were a provision for monthly re- 
 ports from the mills giving the amount of paper made and on hand, 
 and an expression of opinion upon the necessity for shutting down 
 during a portion or all of the following month. This plan seemed to 
 have been most carefully worked out in detail and to be the most 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 S3 
 
 practicable as yet suggested. Although it was adopted by the asso- 
 ciation, the records fail to show that any steps were taken to carry it 
 out, and there was no further allusion to it at subsequent meetings. 
 Mr. Harding, although unable to be present at the meeting in 1883, 
 was so impressed with the desirability and feasibility of the associa- 
 tion's undertaking to prevent overproduction that he sent in a long 
 communication, presenting his views in a most masterly, rational and 
 convincing manner, but it appears to have fallen on deaf ears, for the 
 repeated failures of the past seem to have had a disheartening influ- 
 ence, and already the sentiment was growing that it was beyond the 
 province of the association to undertake to regulate production. 
 
 Notwithstanding the steady decline in prices, the building and de- 
 velopment of mills steadily continued, so that in 1883 the table which 
 Mr. Lockwood had compiled showed an increase between 1881 and 
 1883 of 30 per cent, in the output of al kinds of paper, book and 
 news showing an increase of 26 per cent., and in the following year 
 the increase in book and news was nearly 13 per cent. Much of the 
 annual increment is to be accounted for, not by the allurement of 
 large profits in sight, but by the short-sighted idea that production 
 on a larger scale would forestall loss by reducing the cost of produc- 
 tion. Looking back upon the past and comparing the growth of the 
 paper industry with the growth of the country, it is apparent that the 
 main trouble has been simply that the increase in output has been 
 premature, and that could the increment each year have been with- 
 held a year or two it would have been absorbed readily and a fair 
 margin of profit maintained. 
 
 SU^ction (Cne5 3l0am 
 
 One more attempt was made at the special meeting held in New 
 York in 1884 to restrict production, but in this case the incentive lay 
 not so much in the decline in the prices of paper as in the untoward 
 advance in the price of rags, on account of the action of the Govern- 
 ment in restricting their importation during the prevalence of chol- 
 era abroad. After the adjournment of the association, which had 
 simply recommended some plan of cutting down production so as to 
 diminish the demand for rags, special meetings were held by the 
 writing, book and manilla divisions. The manilla division resolved 
 to reduce the output one-third, and the writing division decided to 
 shut down the last week in November, December and January, if 80 
 per cent, of the mills assented. The Western manufacturers, assem- 
 bled in Chicago on the same day, were in telegraphic communica- 
 tion with the meeting in New York, and concurred in the Eastern 
 plan. 
 
 
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 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 lUfcet flgitatton 
 
 Prior to the annual meeting in i886 a movement was started 
 among the mill operatives in Holyoke and vicinity in favor of short- 
 ening the hours of work, a petition being drawn up for presentation 
 at the approaching meeting of the manufacturers at Saratoga. For 
 some reason this petition did not come before the meeting, but there 
 was a discussion relative to the early closing on Saturday, probably 
 in deference to the known sentiment of the employees on that sub- 
 ject, and a committee was appointed to consider the matter. The 
 operatives did not let the matter rest there, but in 1887, at the annual 
 meeting of the association, a committee representing them was pres- 
 ent and asked a hearing, which was readily granted. They advocated 
 closing the mills at six o'clock Saturday and resuming work at seven 
 Monday morning, on the ground that they were being overtaxed by 
 the greater exactions of faster machines and improved product. While 
 many of the manufacturers sympathized with the movement, yet it 
 was the sense of the meeting that if the association attempted to deal 
 with this matter it would be regarded as an interference with private 
 affairs, and not only was a resolution voted down which proposed 
 closing Saturday night at ten and starting Monday morning at six, 
 but a further resolution was passed discouraging any attempt on the 
 part of the association to control wages or hours or prices. 
 
 lUnouncing l^rinctpleii 
 
 It is to be noticed that thus, for the first time, was open expression 
 given adverse to controlling production. In fact, it can be read be- 
 tween the lines of this resolution that those who were opposed to the 
 association's attempting to regulate production took this opportunity 
 to put the association on record as renouncing for the future any 
 such right, and that the eagerness of all to avoid any possible conflict 
 with labor led them into the wholesale renunciation of principles. 
 
 While the efforts of the association in the direction of regulating 
 production appear to have been almost fruitless, yet indirectly it is 
 to be credited with a considerable influence upon the market, exerted 
 by the organizations which sprang up in the different branches of the 
 industry, all subsequently to the formation of the national associa- 
 tion, and in a measure in consequence of it. There is little doubt that 
 the intercourse of the manufacturers from different parts of the coun- 
 try at its meetings prompted and facilitated the formation of associa- 
 tions such as those which were formed by the writing-paper manufac- 
 turers in 1878 and by the envelope makers in 1881; by the strawboard. 
 chemical fibre and straw-wrapping manufacturers at different dates. 
 
 I 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 55 
 
 Each association accomplished considerable in the way of controll- 
 ing output and regulating prices. 
 
 <?l9ort (iCrabe 
 
 Perhaps second in importance of the matters considered by the as- 
 sociation is the export business. It was not until the meeting in 1880, 
 however, that it turned its attention to this subject. The volume of 
 paper exported at present is of considerable proportions, and no 
 small part of the credit for this is due to the influence of the national 
 association. The exporting of American paper dates back many 
 years, but it was almost insignificant in amount until about 1876. 
 In 1869 the exports amounted to less than $4,000 in value. In 1876 
 they had increased to $810,000, in 1878 to somewhat over $1,000,000, 
 remaining about the same through 1879 and 1880. It was at this time 
 that the association began to take an interest, and we find that in 1882 
 the total valuation was $1,618,000, or twice as much as in 1876. While 
 much of the credit is due, as has been said, to the association, more 
 is due to the firm of Woolworth & Graham, who really took the in- 
 itiative in systematically cultivating an export trade and carried the 
 undertaking along for several years before the association took 
 hold. Mr. Woolworth, in a paper read before the association in 1880, 
 reviewed the export business from the beginning. According to him 
 the exporting of paper in any considerable quantity began in 1876 
 by a number of manufacturing concerns placing a part of their prod- 
 uct at the disposal of Woolworth & Graham at one-third less than 
 the prevailing market price in this country. These mills were forty- 
 seven in number and covered all branches of manufacture. With this 
 leeway as to price Woolworth & Graham succeeded in gaining a 
 foothold in foreign countries, especially European and South Ameri- 
 can, and were making satisfactory progress when the prices in the 
 home market advanced during the boom of 1879-80, leading the man- 
 ufacturers either to withdraw from Woolworth & Graham the option 
 on their product or to hamper them by insisting upon immediate 
 action upon quotations, which was in many cases impracticable. Thus 
 the business connections abroad, which had been so laboriously es- 
 tablished, were many of them severed. Not discouraged, however^ 
 with this result, upon the decline of prices in this country Wool- 
 worth & Graham went to work again, and succeeded not only in re- 
 gaining the ground lost, but in making decided progress. Among 
 the many obstacles which this firm encountered was the slow means 
 of transportation and communication, which made it hazardous with 
 a fluctuating market to leave quotations open for the requisite period. 
 Again, in 1881, at the annual meeting, Mr. Woolworth made a report 
 
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 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 on behalf of the committee on exports, in which he stated that 900 
 tons of various grades of paper had been put in his hands by manu- 
 facturers for export, practically without limit as to price. After dis- 
 cussion of the general subject the association passed resolutions ask- 
 ing Congress to encourage the establishment of transportation facil- 
 ities to foreign countries, especially Central and South America. 
 
 At this same meeting in 1881 an estfhaustive paper on the subject 
 of export was read by Howard Lockwood; in it he called attention 
 to the very large output of paper within the preceding two years and 
 dwelt upon the necessity of disposing of the surplus beyond the 
 borders of this country. He also discussed in detail the markets and 
 the means of reaching them. He called attention to the growth of 
 the paper industry of the United States as compared with that of 
 other countries, and urged the propriety as well as the necessity of 
 the United States taking the place in the commerce of the world in 
 this branch of manufacture to which the magnitude of the industry 
 entitled dt. For at this time the number of mills in the United States 
 was 960, with a daily capacity of about 4,Soo,ooo pounds, of which 
 I 400 000 were book and news paper, and about 300.000 pounds wnt- 
 ing paper; whereas the total number of mills in Great Britain was but 
 650 and in Germany 545- Mr. Lockwood recommended establishing 
 through concerted action a bureau or agency with correspondents at 
 different foreign points. At the meeting in 1883 Mr. Woolworth, in 
 another of his interesting reviews of the export business, of which, 
 perhaps, he was better qualified to speak than anyone else, referred to 
 the very creditable exhibit by the United States paper trade at the 
 Paris Exposition, v hich his firm had been instrumental in bringing 
 about. This exhibit he claimed helped to advertise us, and as the 
 quality of the paper was such that twenty-four out of twenty-eight 
 exhibits secured awards, it established a very good reputation for our 
 paper, which materially aided his representatives afterward when so- 
 liciting orders. In 1883. 1884 and 1885 the association appointed ex- 
 port committees which co-operated with Woolworth & Graham. 
 In 1885 a table showing imports and exports of paper since 187S was 
 received from William A. Russell, a member of the export commit- 
 tee, who was prevented from being present at the meeting, and Mr. 
 Woolworth also again made a report. From that time on the asso- 
 ciation has in many ways manifested its belief in the importance of^ 
 export trade, and has lost no opportunity to encourage it. In 1889 
 F. G. Pierra, secretary of the Spanish-American Commercial Union, 
 delivered an address before the association advocating and pointing 
 out the advantage of fostering trade with Spanish-American coun- 
 tries The association showed its interest in the matter by appoint- 
 
 I ^ 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 57 
 
 ing a committee to confer with the Spanish-American Commercial 
 Union with a view to promoting foreign trade relations, and especial- 
 ly to encouraging the establishment of an adequate steamship service. 
 Of this committee Warner Miller was a member, and at the meeting 
 in 1890, in an address to the association, he reviewed the situation 
 and stated that there was then a bill before Congress providing for 
 subsidies to American ships and for adequate remuneration for car- 
 rying the mails. This bill he believed would do much to accomplish 
 the desired end. 
 
 Ifteciprocitp (Creatie^, €tc. 
 
 When reciprocity treaties were under consideration by the Govern- 
 ment in 1891 the association instructed the president and secretary 
 to urge upon the State Department the desirability of providing for 
 the free entry of paper into South American ports. 
 
 With the greater depression in the home market of the last few 
 years the association has taken renewed interest in the matter of 
 export, as have also the manufacturers and dealers individually, with 
 the result that the export business has gained steadily, and the hopes 
 of the trade are hung upon its future development. 
 
 At the meeting in 1895 W. H. Parsons read an able paper on the 
 export trade and Colonel Haskell spoke on the same subject and 
 advocated establishing an export bureau. The association thereupon 
 appointed an export committee, which was instructed to consider the 
 feasibility of the association conducting a bureau of exports. 
 
 In 1896, the National Board of Trade having requested the paper 
 trade to send a representative to South America in a company of 
 twenty-five representatives of other industries, upon invitation of the 
 Governments of Brazil, Argentine and Uruguay, the executive coun- 
 cil of the association endeavored to secure some one to go as its 
 delegate, but at the last minute their eflforts failed from lack of time. 
 
 The paper industry should make the most of the Paris Exposition 
 of 1900 to exploit its resources. By that time we shall perhaps control 
 the Latin- American trade, and shall have a good foothold in more than 
 one European market, with probably a large part of the balance of 
 the world's trade possible of conquest. Our exhibit at Paris should 
 be on a scale commensurate with these great stakes. Its preparation 
 should be the work of the American Paper and Pulp Association, 
 and the initial steps should be taken at no distant day. 
 
 Cbolera 
 
 Another field of usefulness presented itself to the association upon 
 two occasions when cholera menaced this country, viz., in 1884 and 
 1892. In the former year the possibility of cholera appearing in the 
 
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 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 United States almost produced a panic, and in deference to popular 
 feeling the Treasury Department issued orders on August 30 pro- 
 hibiting the unloading of any rags for three months from Septem- 
 ber I. As this ruling covered rags loaded at many points which were 
 entirely exempt from the plague, there was manifest injustice in it. 
 Of course this embargo on rags led to the absorption in a very short 
 time of all the rags in sight, and consequently the prices went up to 
 such an extent as to completely demoralize the branches of the in- 
 dustry dependent on this kind of stock. Therefore the executive 
 council called a special meeting of the association in October in New 
 York city, at which a committee, consisting of W. H. Parsons, who 
 was then president; D. P. Crocker, Warner Miller, William Whk- 
 ing and W. A. Russell, was appointed and instructed to go to Wash- 
 ington and protest against the injustice of the restrictions imposed 
 upon rag importations; but the obnoxious order of the Government 
 being shortly afterward modified in accordance with reason and jus- 
 tice the necessity was removed for the committee's taking any action. 
 The situation was very similar in 1892 when the association held its 
 annual meeting, the Government having again issued sweeping and 
 indiscriminate orders involving what was deemed unnecessary ex- 
 pense and delay in the disinfection of rags. There was an interesting 
 and intelligent discussion of the whole subject of infection by rags 
 and a consensus of opinion that the Government had taken unneces- 
 sary precautions. The newspapers were, perhaps, largely at fault in 
 creating in the public mind a great prejudice against the introduc- 
 tion of foreign rags into this country. Mr. Barker, who was then 
 secretary of the association, oflfered resolutions, which were adopted, 
 protesting against the action of the Government, and upon his sug- 
 gestion a committee was appointed to give expression to these reso- 
 lutions before the Treasury Department. Not content with this, Mr. 
 Barker addressed himself to the task of correcting the false impres- 
 sion which was so generally entertained regarding danger from the 
 importation of rags. To this end he caused to be printed a large 
 number of copies of a pamphlet, which had been published by some 
 eminent medical authority, entitled "An Inquiry Into the Transmis- 
 sion of Infectious Diseases Through the Medium of Rags." This 
 pamphlet he distributed widely, putting it in the hands of many of 
 the newspapers which had been instrumental in creating the senti- 
 ment which he was endeavoring to overcome. 
 
 The committee which was appointed prepared and presented to the 
 Secretary of the Treasury an elaborate, comprehensive and masterly 
 treatise on the subject of rag importation in connection with the 
 spreading of disease. From evidence which they adduced it was 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 59 
 
 demonstrated that there were no data to warrant the obnoxious rul- 
 ings of the department. The efforts of the committee resulted in 
 some important concessions. 
 
 i$H)t (Cariff 
 
 While the association has never sought to involve itself in politics, 
 it has not hesitated to declare itself on any political subject affecting 
 the interests of the paper industry, and although there have been al- 
 ways among the members of the association those who believed in 
 the doctrine of free trade, and perhaps thought the policy of pro- 
 tection might be adverse to their individual interests, yet the voice 
 of the association has always been heard in favor of a protective 
 tariff. At the meeting in 1879 Congress came in for considerable 
 criticism because of what was deemed its proneness to tinker with the 
 tariff without regard to the disturbing influences upon the industries 
 of the country. It would thus appear that the paper industry was sat- 
 isfied with the tariff as it then existed. In 1880 the association ap- 
 pointed a committee on tariff to look after the interests of the paper 
 industry in Washington. In 1882, prior to the holding of the annual 
 meeting, there had been held a great tariff convention in New York, 
 at which a committee was appointed to petition Congress for a tariff 
 commission. At this convention WelHngton Smith, a former presi- 
 dent of the association, took an active part and was made chairman 
 of the committee referred to. At the time of the meeting in July 
 Congress had already appointed a tariff commission, and at the insti- 
 gation of Wellington Smith the association appointed a committee of 
 five to appear before it on behalf of the paper industry, which charge 
 the committee faithfully fulfilled. 
 
 In 1887 the contest on the tariff, which resulted in the restoration 
 of the Republican party to power two years later, had already set in 
 when the paper manufacturers assembled in July at Saratoga. The 
 occasion was seized by the advocates of protection to present their 
 side of the subject to the paper makers of the country, and Senator 
 Dawes, of Massachusetts, was on hand to deliver an address on the 
 tariff. E. A. Hartshorn and other non-members of the association 
 spoke on the same subject and outlined the scope and purposes of 
 the Protective Tariff League, and at the meeting in the following 
 year Mr. Harthorn again made some remarks to the convention. 
 Warner Miller, then candidate for governor of New York State, in 
 the course of an able address to the association dwelt at some length 
 upon the relation of the tariff to the paper industry. The tariff com- 
 mittee made their report, reviewing their efforts to secure consider- 
 ate action and suitable protection in the Mills bill, which was then 
 
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 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 under discussion in Congress. In order to present their case as im- 
 pressively as possible they had, with considerable labor, gathered 
 statistics of the paper industry by communicating directly with all 
 the mills; but notwithstanding their best efforts they had met with 
 little or no encouragement before the committee of the House. They 
 hoped, however, for better success with the Senate. In addition to 
 the work done by this committee at least one division of the associa- 
 tion was at work independently; that was the chemical fibre division, 
 which secured the removal from the free list of chemical fibre, where 
 it had been placed by the committee of the House. 
 
 JRutuai Jftifl Siijiucanct 
 
 Not the least of the services whidh the association has rendered 
 the paper trade is its participation in the formation of the Paper 
 Mill Mutual Insurance Company. It is true this company might 
 have been formed without the assistance of the association, but the 
 facilities which were afforded its promoters of reaching the manufac- 
 turers and the indorsement which the association gave to the enter- 
 prise were important factors in its formation. It seems that paper 
 mills had come to be regarded by insurance companies as a very 
 undesirable risk, and in consequence the rate of insurance had be- 
 come so high as to be almost prohibitive. It was in the hope of 
 opening the eyes of the paper manufacturers to a realization that this 
 condition of affairs was due to their own slothfulness and could easily 
 be corrected that Edward Atkinson appeared before the association 
 at its meeting in 1886 and read a paper on the subject of paper-mill 
 insurance, in which he called the attention of the paper manufacturers 
 to the changes which they should make in the construction and 
 equipment of their mills, and which, if made, would warrant insur- 
 ance companies giving them better rates. Mr. Atkinson had already 
 taken the matter up with a number of manufacturers, with the result 
 that he was then negotiating with a committee of their number for 
 the formation of a paper-makers' mutual company. On motion of 
 George W. Wheelwright before the association a committee of five, 
 of which he was one, was appointed to co-operate with the committee 
 of manufacturers already in existence. That this movement resulted 
 in the formation of such a company, that this company almost from 
 its inception has been a success, and that it has resulted in paper 
 mills getting much cheaper insurance, are facts well known. At the 
 meeting in 1891 an interesting account of the work of the insurance 
 company was given to the association by G. W. Wheelwright, who 
 had been one of the most active in carrying through this project to a 
 successful issue. 
 
 .'*i 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 61 
 
 Mi0ceVianeimf |&roceebin0# 
 
 It might be interesting to briefly cite some of the other matters to 
 which the association has given its attention. At the meeting in 1880 
 a regulation of the Post Office Department by which samples of 
 paper marked merely with the size and weight were removed from 
 the fourth to the first class was vigorously attacked, and through 
 subsequent efforts of some of the members of the association a sat- 
 isfactory change in the ruling was made. In 1882 resolutions were 
 passed favoring the bill then before Congress for the reduction of let- 
 ter postage to two cents. The paper trade having suffered by reason 
 of the systematic undervaluation of imported papers, the attention of 
 the association, at the meeting in July, 1889, was directed to the mat- 
 ter, and a committee on investigation was appointed, which reported 
 in 1890 that it was expected that the McKinley bill, then pending, 
 would correct this abuse. In 1891 a committee was appointed to pre- 
 pare an exhibit for the World's Fair. Also in 1891 it was resolved 
 that the association was opposed to any change in the standard of 
 value of money and to free coinage of silver, and that these views 
 should be presented to Congress. 
 
 There has always been a feeling that the association should under- 
 take the compilation of statistics, and from time to time it has dis- 
 cussed the matter. Something more than the mere table of capaci- 
 ties annually compiled by Howard Lockwood & Co. is needed on 
 which to base any intelligent action looking to the control of product. 
 This idea was advanced in 1879 and has been at various times since. 
 
 In 1892, on motion of Wellington Smith, the association voted for 
 the repeal of the Sherman bill, which provided for the monthly pur- 
 chase of 4,500,000 ounces of silver. 
 
 In 1895 a committee was appointed to investigate the abuses in 
 connection with transportation, and in 1896 the secretary, Mr. Sher- 
 man, reported that through the efforts of the association low grades 
 of paper had been changed from the fifth to the sixth class. 
 
 In 1896 the association joined the National Board of Trade, and at 
 the last meeting elected delegates for one and two years. 
 
 ^ht ;t>oda{ fftatuvtfi 
 
 Even if the direct benefits resulting from the action of the associa- 
 tion on these various matters to which it has given its attention 
 seem small, yet it is doubtful whether many will regret the time they 
 have given the association when they consider to what an extent they 
 are indebted to its meetings for their acquaintance with their fellow 
 paper makers and for the broadening of their views from the dis- 
 cussions at the meetings, or through the informal exchange of ideas 
 
 
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 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 in conversation. These are the results sought to be promoted by 
 developing the social side of the association. The chief means em- 
 ployed to this end have been the annual banquets, and no history of 
 the association would be complete which omitted to refer to these 
 pleasant occasions. E. Embree, of the American Wood Paper Com- 
 pany, appears to be entitled to the credit of first suggesting a ban- 
 quet, as it was upon his motion in 1879 that the association voted to 
 have one at its next meeting. There is reason to suppose that these 
 banquets were held annually thereafter, though no allusion to them 
 appears in any available records. As recently as 1889 the banquet 
 was held on the evening preceding the business meeting, but now it 
 comes on the evening following. When the constitution was revised 
 in 1891, in harmony with one of the objects of the new regime, viz., 
 to promote social intercourse, provision for an annual banquet was 
 made. Since these banquets have been held in New York, where 
 more distinguished guests are available, the post-prandial speeches 
 have been of a high order, and the banquets as a whole have com- 
 pared most favorably with any similar functions occurring in the 
 
 metropolis. 
 
 mU negotiation* f f^erponnrt 
 
 In reviewing the history of the association one is impressed with 
 the amount of energy many of its members have devoted to its af- 
 fairs, especially when considering that this labor has been oftentimes 
 vastly out of proportion to the personal advantage expected to be 
 derived, and that it has in many cases entailed personal sacrifice. 
 Without exception those who have filled the office of president have 
 faithfully lived up to its responsibilities. Therefore it is not invidi- 
 ous to merely refer in passing to the special devotion of Wellington 
 Smith, who presided at four annual meetings, twice as vice-president 
 and twice as president. He has always been ready to put his shoulder 
 to the wheel for the good of the association. William Whiting, W. 
 A. Russell, and Warner Miller are names identified with the best 
 achievements of the association. They were not only among the 
 most active in organizing it, but have always taken a conspicuous 
 part in its proceedings. The association appears to have been equally 
 fortunate in its choice of secretaries. The amount of labor which de- 
 volved upon the first secretary, C. O. Chapin, of Springfield, Mass., 
 who held office for four years until his death in 1882, must have taken 
 no inconsiderable part of his time, and his devotion to the association 
 has perhaps not been equalled by anyone else. His loss was very 
 keenly felt, and at the meeting following his death his services were 
 gratefully acknowledged in the eulogies which Byron Weston and 
 others pronounced. 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 '^J 
 
 The services of W. T. Barker, who held the office of secretary and 
 treasurer for two terms, have already been alluded to, but Mr. Barker 
 has done much more for the association even than appears on the 
 surface, as he by no means confined his efforts to a perfunctory per- 
 formance of the duties of his office. Among those who have labored 
 for the success of this association should be mentioned W. H. Par- 
 sons, whose services were recognized by his election to the office of 
 president; George W. Wheelwright, who, as proof of his interest in 
 the association, accompanied Mr. Barker, at his own expense, on a 
 trip through the West to secure new members; A. E. Harding, of 
 Franklin, Ohio, who was quite indefatigable in his efforts to get the 
 association to undertake to control the output in a systematic man- 
 ner; J. W. French, twice elected president, who has always been, 
 heart and soul, for anything that promised practical results; By- 
 ron Weston, whose activities were confined to the earlier years of 
 the association, and who occupied the position of president in 1886 
 and 1887, and E. C. Rogers, twice president. 
 
 Much of the credit for the development of the association along 
 social lines is due to our last two presidents, A. G. Paine and George 
 F. Perkins, both of whom doubled the ordinary work of their office 
 by holding two meetings instead of one during the year. But even the 
 full list of officers by no means covers the whole number of those 
 who have taken an active part in the work of the association. 
 
 That the association has not accomplished all at which its pro- 
 jectors aimed is a source of regret, but it must be apparent to all that 
 their efforts were not in vain, for the association has certainly, in many 
 ways which they perhaps did not expect, made itself useful to the in- 
 dustry. If one trait of those who have guided its course stands out 
 more than others it is conservatism. Possibly more could have been 
 accomplished if the association had been dominated by a more en- 
 thusiastic and headstrong element, but, after all, perhaps, not to have 
 done badly is to have done well, for the association in looking back 
 over the past may now see that it some cf its piojec.s of controlling 
 production had been carried out it world have but stimulated anew 
 the very competition which it sought to destroy — a result which, un- 
 less secured by an actual monc-poly, can be but temporary and is sure 
 to be followed by fiercer competkion wheA thf'^^pgs ^f war, so to 
 speak, are again set free. 
 
 •What the future of the associatiJDn riiaj^ l^e r.ti or^e, of course, can 
 say, but there seems to be ^. geierJii' fijeHng t'hat as the industry 
 grows the opportunities of this organization will increase, and that 
 
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 64 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 perhaps emergencies will arise wherein this nucleus of the great pa- 
 per industry will find its opportunity and its destiny. 
 
 Working on its present lines to increase the v.gor and usefulness 
 of the institution a larger membership is needed. Th.s has been 
 sought to be obtained by a modification of the constitution extending 
 the rights of membership to distributers as well as manufacturers of 
 paper and it is to be hoped that a large number will .vail themselves 
 of th; opportunity thus afforded for joining an association whose 
 avowed purpose is the general welfare of the industry with which 
 «.ey are concerned. Indifference to such a -"«"°" ^"f" '^J^^;^ 
 to argue narrowness or selfishness or supmeness. To )om the asso 
 ciation is to ally oneself with the most progressive, broad-minded, 
 and successful element of the trade. Everyone who is "^'Pf '« °< ^"l 
 ing that his own success is wrapped up in the welfare of the paper 
 
 ndustry should reflect that the shortcomings of the association are 
 due noTso much to those within it as to those without. Its limita- 
 tions are inversely proportional to its membership. 
 
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 DEC 2 2 
 
 DEC 1 fi I^ 
 
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 9 
 
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 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 
 
 0041400976 
 
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 GLjTV) 3 
 
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 OCT? 1932 
 
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 END OF 
 TITLE