INTERCHURCH WORLD MOVEMENT OF NORTH AMERICA WORLD SURVEY CONFERENCE t ATLANTIC CITY JANUARY 7 to 10, 1920 I PRELIMINARY Statement and Budget for Africa PREPARED BY SURVEY DEPARTMENT-FOREIGN DIVISION T his Survey statement should be read in the light of the fact that it is preliminary only, and will be revised and enlarged as a result of the dis¬ cussions and recommendations of the World Survey Conference. The entire Survey as revised will early be brought together in two volumes, American and Foreign, to form the basis of the financial campaign to follow. t The “Statistical Mirror” will make a third volume dealing with general church, missionary and stewardship data. INTERCHURCH WORLD MOVEMENT OF NORTH AMERICA WORLD SURVEY CONFERENCE ATLANTIC CITY JANUARY 7 to 10, 1920 PRELIMINARY Statement and Budget for Africa PREPARED BY SURVEY DEPARTMENT-FOREIGN DIVISION V • - . • * I f' ' /•■ i. I V, . . , < . 1 i f ,-jk i * *p AFRICA S OMEBODY, not without reason, has called Africa ‘‘the dark, sobbing con¬ tinent/’ Over its nearly ten million square miles, in which the areas of Europe, India, China and Mexico could easily be engulfed, somewhere between 130 and 150 millions of people are scattered. It is a topsy-turvy mental world in which the native African lives. He explains natural phenomena in terms of the miraculous. His mental processes are simple but irrational. Islam and Materialism Threaten Africa The great war brought over a million Africans into touch with the Western world. Each one who returns is a messenger either of weal or of woe to his people. Africa is awakening to the realization of its commercial value. Western nations are linking its peoples and vast resources with their civilizations. The Orient is likewise at work. Islam is especially active and offers a debasing religion, with a measure of civilizing power, to credulous peoples. Christianity—the only religion which really civilizes—is doing far too little to fulfil its mission. If it delays much longer, Islam and materialism will divide Africa between them. Africa needs the gospel of Jesus Christ to avert this catastrophe. This alone can transform the African’s moral nature; set his feet upon the impregnable rock of truth; and order his goings along the path of spiritual achievement. In the mental labyrinth in which the African still lives, we shall probably find the clue to the African himself and come to know him, mind and heart, a little better. Benighted as it is, Africa is not the “Darkest Africa” of the days of Moffatt, Living¬ stone or even Stanley. Many thousand miles of railroad have been thrust into its interior from every shore, and thousands more are being woven together into a net¬ work of communication which, spreading over the entire continent, will unite the vast area bringing its people into a homogeneity undreamed of a half century ago. The industrial, commercial, political and social life injected by foreigners into Africa constitute great potential forces with which the African, as servant and laborer, is brought into intimate contact. He is learning and learning rapidly, and it is of para¬ mount importance that he be given teachers of high ideals and Christian principles. 4 The Coveted: AFRICA (Comparison map) This map is one of a series all drawn to the same scale for purposes of comparison as to area and population. The map of Pennsylvania serves as a unit of comparison and appears same size on each map of the series. AFRICA 5 Africa has been stirred industrially, politically, socially and to some extent religiously by the world war. A million sons of Africa served as soldiers, laborers, and carriers in the great conflict, and this cannot fail to effect some transformation in the lives of the millions untouched by the war. As a result the Dark Continent is being permeated with knowledge as to the rest of the world. A new consciousness of values, of social relations, of desires and possi¬ bilities has been awakened in the native breast. In many ways Islam has seized upon this fact and improved the opportunities offered by the war for an active propaganda. Meanwhile Christianity has done little or nothing. A new and aggressive missionary program is absolutely necessary if the forces of Christianity are not to be driven from the field. The degradation of the African is an incontrovertible fact. And it has been every¬ where proved that mere material progress holds no power of moral regeneration for him. Sociologists of a certain type, who ignore spiritual values, demand for him chiefly a gospel for his material well-being. The Christian church offers him the gospel of Jesus Christ, and points to its actual results in Africa as evidence that the missionary is the chief agent of Africa’s civilization. It affirms that civilization is but the secular side of Christianity. The gospel and nothing else vitalizes the African’s moral nature and, therefore, alone contains the power to lift him to a higher plane of progress and to the realization of the fact that he is a child of God. AREA - SQUARE MILES 11 . 500,000 __ AFRICA I .- - - .. J ■ 2 . 975,890 UNITED STATES I I AFRICA TOTAL POPULATION AND PROTESTANT CHURCH MEMBERSHIP 150 , 165,000 906.794 105 , 255,000 UNITED STATI xS^ POPULATION PER PROTESTANT MlNISTERfOR ORDAINED MISSIONARY) 73 78 *^ ^ AFRICA UNITED STATES /ntercburch WoMAto^'ement of North A/ner/ca AFRICA 6 M0HAMMI:DAN FOPCLATiOX AFRICA EACH DOT 10 - lOO.OOO MOSLEMS STATUre MttfS inteicfiufch Wurld ^^ovemenf Of North ^merfc'S. “House of Islam” in North Africa has been hit though* not shattered. ■■■ Paganism in central Africa is giving way to new doubts and superstitions. Materialism and agnosticism threaten industrial south Africa. Christ, Mohammed, and the god of this world are contending for the “coveted continent.” AFRICA: Islam in the North 7 North Africa Closest to Europe, North Africa is most hospitable to Western ideas of economic and social life. It will be either fanatically materialistic or open to moral and spiritual forces, according as the Christian church fails or succeeds in meeting the challenge of Islam and of conscienceless business exploitation. N orth Africa includes Egypt, Tripoli, Tunis, Algeria, Morocco, Riode Oro, Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Portuguese Guinea, French Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Gold Coast, Togo, Dahomey, Nigeria, Upper Senegal and Niger, Ubanghi-Shari-Chad Territories, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Abyssinia, Italian Somaliland, British Somaliland, French Somaliland and Eritrea. The area of these regions is 6,770,811 square miles. The estimated population is 77,333,491. Of this great host, 39,818,761 are Mohammedans, 27,721,568 are pagans, 5,106,332 are Copts, 900,534 are Roman Catholics, 390,235 are Jews. The evangelical missionary in North Africa is fighting the results of thirteen centu¬ ries of Mohammedan occupation with only half a century of evangelical activities behind him. The Mediterranean countries, where Islam is most deeply rooted, present a most formidable obstacle of bitter, fanatical, antagonistic hatred. North Africa has been profoundly influenced by the war. She is now looking for Western leadership; the way of approach is open. During the first two years of the World War, no less than 170,000 natives from French North Africa fought on French soil, while the British Government had more native African soldiers at its disposal than it could expediently use. Their willingness to aid the Allies was the outward expression of their appreciation of fair treatment meted out to them at the hands of these two governments. In recognition thereof, the French ^Government is granting very liberal concessions to natives who participated in the war. Citizenship is not only offered to the soldiers but also to the fathers of these men. Ex-soldiers are being exempted from personal taxes, while government positions are being reserved for the soldiers. Before the war. North Africa was being Europeanized; but the war actually joined Africa to Europe. The peoples of North Africa recognize at least that there are other factors in life beside those which are Mohammedan in character. There is now an opportunity for the evangelical churches to bring their influence to bear on life in North Africa, yet, up to date, they have failed to avail themselves of the opportunity thus afforded. ALGlkfiS ■TJvngiers TUNIS TRIPOLI PORT SUDAN DAKAR FREETOWN 'MQNRbi^ ,lag<5s OUALA GABUI 4 .I :■ LOANG' MOMBASA' QAR-ES-SALAAM BENGUELA JMOlZAMBlQUE .BEIRA EORENCO MARQUES . TO MAURrilUS DURBAN CAPE TOWN THE COVETED CONTINENT THE “DARK CONTINENT” MUST BE COVETED ALSO EOR CHRIST STATUTE MILES 500 1000 ALEXA^RlA>i^pp|-r said AFRICA: Islam in the North 9 FROM FORMULA TO FANATICISM D uring the past twenty years, therefore, Mohammedans have gained by peaceful penetration what would have taken many times that period to effect at the point of the sword. The desert-tribes in particular have thus em¬ braced a religion which appeared to be better than their old pagan beliefs, and by the enun¬ ciation of a formula they have become followers of the False Prophet. While not as fanatical as their co-religionists in the extreme north, they are anti-Christian rather than non-Christian. Tribes in the French Sudan and in Abyssinia, which fifty years ago were pagan, are now Moslem. THE CRISIS IS HERE F the Christian church fails to win the first generation of these tribes newly converted to Islam, its opportunity would appear to be gone, at least for generations, if not for all time. Streaming in through French Somaliland and adjacent countries are thousands of Mohamme¬ dan traders from Arabia. Abyssinia alone through all the centuries has been able to with¬ stand the onrush of the Islamic forces. This last stronghold of Christianity in North Africa now would seem to be tottering before Islam. With Abyssinia in the hand of the Mohamme¬ dans, the millions of pagans in Central Africa are menaced by Islam from another strategic base. ISLAM ADVANCES T hus the Mohammedan problem in North Africa presents a three-fold aspect: those countries where Islam presents a fanatical, hateful opposition; the great stretches of the Sudan where Islam has recently influenced and won many tribes; and the open door into Abyssinia from Arabia, the cradle of Islam, which is proving a vantage point in the Moham¬ medan advance into pagan Africa. IGNORANCE ISLAM’S ALLY HRISTIAN education can best provide the leadership which will regenerate North Africa. Ignorance has always been and is Islam’s strongest ally. Not more than five persons in every hundred of North Africa’s population can read or write. Even in the extreme north, where Mohammedanism has its strongest hold, only five persons in every hundred can read the Koran, and the religious leaders regard it as being below their dignity even to consider its translation into the vernac¬ ular. In Egypt, where perhaps the best educa¬ tional system of North Africa can be found, only 3 per cent, of the population is being educated. And these are being educated merely to fill government positions. The masses are entirely uncared for. THE ANTIDOTE NSTITUTIONS devoted to higher learning, as well as industrial schools, are urgently called for. In North Africa education has never appealed to the men who are regarded as national leaders, mainly because, neither in grade of work nor in local reputation, has there ever been an educational institution which com¬ manded their respect or secured their patronage. Through industrial schools, Christian missions can make an invaluable contribution to the economic condition of the natives. THE MEASURE OF CIVILIZATION HE impact of western civilization which, in the extreme north is changing the status of woman, has a very direct bearing on education. In the Moslem system her place has been well described by an Oriental writer, as that of “a frog at the bottom of a deep well.” A young Egyptian Bey, who recently overheard an old Mohammedan sheikh say that girls should not stay long at school, immediately flashed out: “That day is past. Our country can never be great until our women are properly taught.” Here again is one of the Christian church’s great opportunities. THE SILENT MISSIONARY IRECTLY related to the educational opportunity is that of literature. While the percentage of literacy is deplorably low, the large majority of those who have been con¬ verted to Christianity testify that the reading 10 Unoccupied Territory : AFRICA '///////. '//// '/• 'A/'/- UNOCCUPIED TERRITORY AFRICA STATUTE MILES 300 EACH DOT (■).= 100,000 PEOPLE Areas more Than fift; miles from a missionary. Each .uncolored circle is drawn on a fifty-mile radius from a ' mission station.;. PENNSYiVANL\ ON SAMLSCALt Jnter^i^ck- WoHd Movemefif of North^- Ameijcd' A FRICA’S 130 millions are rapidly coming into the light of western civilization. War influences and post-war influences are virtually uniting them to us. One million dark skinned African warriors served under European command either on the battlefields of France or Africa. AFRICA: Islam in the North 11 of a tract or book was the first thing that revealed true religion to them. “No agency- can penetrate Islam so deeply, abide so per¬ sistently, witness so daringly, influence so irresistibly, as the printed page.” AFRICA MENTALLY STARVED HE literature problem in North Africa is also intensified by the fact that the existing mission and government schools have for the last quarter of a century been creating a desire in the mind of the younger generation for literature. Will the Christian church se¬ riously attempt to satisfy this hunger for knowledge? FATALISM AND THE DOCTOR HE Mohammedan religion is for the in¬ vader but not for the invalid. Having once embraced Islam, whatever happens is God’s will. So why care for the sick and the suffering! In the Nile valley 95 per cent, of the people are suffering with ophthalmia. In the Ubanghi territory epidemics and sleeping sickness are carrying off thousands of natives annually. This could be very largely prevented by the work of medical missionaries. “Universal opinion will no longer tolerate delays and negligence in the work of moral and material elevation of the more primitive races which is incumbent upon civilized nations.” At present, the evangelical churches report only five hospitals and twenty-seven dispensaries to meet the needs of these eighty millions of people. ISLAM AN EASY RELIGION T he evil and the good spirits function here according to the deeds performed. Super¬ stition and immorality are responsible for most of the suffering in North Africa, and the pagan, having embraced Islam, is not asked to throw over his fetish practices. COLD, HARD FACTS IGHT hundred and fifteen foreign mis¬ sionaries, which number includes but six medical missionaries, are all that are working among these eighty million people, while there are vast stretches of country where the foot of the missionary has never trod; lands which are witnessing the battle between Christianity and Islam. Sixty million souls in these great territories have never yet had an opportunity to hear the gospel of Jesus Christ. In nine countries under European control no mission work whatever is being carried on. In four countries one mission station in each country is all that can be found. There is one stretch of 1,500 miles between two Sudan sta¬ tions, while eight million people of Abyssinia have one small station, Adis Abeba. WANTED—LEADERS T he potentialities of some of the peoples of North Africa have lately been signally demonstrated in the World War. Under efficient leadership they took their places with European troops and among them acts of heroism and courage on the battlefield were common. Latent powers of mind and heart have been called forth. Cannot these be transferred to the battle now being waged against sin and superstition? ADVANCE ON ALL FRONTS! HE program of advance calls for an ade¬ quate expansion of the present work on a five year basis; the introduction of such new types of work as the local conditions demand and as will prove beneficial to the cause of Christian missions. In the strongholds of Islam, the work must be intensified and rein¬ forced. Among the desert and Sudanic peoples all types of work are yet to be started, and these begin¬ nings must not be delayed. The most import¬ ant populated centres on lines of communica¬ tion have already been selected for initial work during the first five years. The long stretches between northern Nigeria and the Anglo- Egyptian Sudan must be bridged. Unques¬ tionably this is one of the most important of the present unoccupied territories. On those coun¬ tries adjacent to the southwest corner of Arabia, special emphasis should be laid. The program calls for medical, educational and 12 Islam in the North: AFRICA evangelistic work of a far-reaching character. The Mohammedan advance must be checked in order to prevent its encroachment on the pagans in Central Africa. THE REAL NEED I F North Africa is to be peaceful and pros¬ perous instead of seething with dissension and strife, the urgent need is for a changed manhood and a new moral leadership, rooted in spiritual realities. North Africa needs the gos¬ pel of Jesus Christ. Yet it cannot have Christian standards of civilization while Islam prevails and the prin¬ ciples of life laid down by the Prophet of Mecca in the seventh century still hold the peoples in a thraldom as out-of-date as it is complete. Islam cannot and will not raise the status of her women and so the finest springs of society are lacking. So long as the Mohammedan religion holds sway in North Africa its corrupt and degraded social life will survive. MATERIALISM OR CHRISTIANITY N common with the Orient, North Africa is copying the West. She is awake, and voic¬ ing her aspirations most audibly. She is taking on a form of Western civilization, and it depends on the evangelical churches whether this form shall be Christian or materialistic in character. We must ever remember that twentieth cen¬ tury civilization, ignoring the principles of Jesus Christ, gave us the Europe of 1914- 1918. North Africa is watching and following closely. The church alone can lead her in the right way. AFRICA; Central 13 Central Africa Less accessible to outside influences. Central Africa is the battle-ground which Islam has selected on which to contend with Christianity for the final control of this great continent. Ignorance is Islam^s greatest ally. The Christian missionary is everywhere known as the disinterested friend of every form of enlightened progress. The church must capitalize this asset immediately or the battle will be half lost before it has really begun. T he paramount issue in Central Africa is Islam or Christ. Another crucial problem is whether a material civilization and exploitation of Africa, while the church lags far in the rear, shall be realized, or a Christian development of Africa shall take place, with the church everywhere adequately cooperating with government and commerce. Industrial and commercial agencies under American and European control, are exploiting every nook and corner of Central Africa. Immediately or representatively, 90 to 100 per cent, of all natives of Central Africa are involved in this industry and commerce. Evil forces accompany these agencies and seek profit in the demoraliza¬ tion of the African. Both government and commerce are needful, but they must be strongly infiuenced by Christian thought and purpose if Africa, with the church and the proclamation of the gospel, may be made of great benefit to the people. Modern industry and luxury have created large demands for the raw products of Central Africa. Ivory and forest rubber, for years the leading articles of export, are giving place to plantation rubber, to cocoa, to oil-bearing seeds, to copper, tin, diamonds and gold as articles of export. Africa has been the great unclothed. Two cat skins, or a bit of beaten bark, or a grass woven apron, seem not so insufficient a covering in the primitive forest-enveloped village. But when emerging into the multiplying ‘‘civilized’' settlements and joining the swelling industrial army of modern commercialism in Central Africa, the raw pagan himself feels the need of different and more adequate clothing, and Eve’s daughter gladly changes the nature of her covering from literal fig or other leaves to the most elaborate outfit the trader’s store furnishes. Sad to relate, her body is too often the price she pays for the gay attire. A fire in the small hut, or in the open when traveling, is better than no heat at all for the usually chilly nights of elevated Central Africa. But every son of Africa longs for a good warm blanket and possesses himself of one at the earliest possible moment, and continues his buying until he has three or more. 14 Central : AFRICA BUT THE CHURCH IS A LAGGARD HE missionary force she has sent out, straining outward and onward to the ut¬ most, has so far proclaimed the gospel in an adequate way to only ten out of every hundred souls. And the evangelical churches have brought into Christian fellowship only between one and two per cent. The “Darkest Africa” of Livingstone’s day has been penetrated by steam routes, both rail and water. It hears the crackling of wireless mes¬ sages over forest and swamp. The pilot of the aeroplane wings his way over cannibal feasts. EVIL RAMPANT UT the Sun of Righteousness has yet to find an entrance for his light into all but a pitifully few hearts. It cannot be too strongly emphasized that, together with a few forces of good intent, evil men and women of almost every description are utilizing these new routes of travel. Evil-doers flow in a steady stream into the Dark Continent befouling by their presence even the murky stream of heathenism, and introducing vices and practises hitherto un¬ known to the natives of these benighted lands. THE AFRICAN IS A CHILD IGHTY forces and selfish interests are everywhere seeking gain and advantage, throughout the Continent. The native African was needy enough in his original sin, surrounded by a world peopled by imagined malignant spirits seeking his undoing, and in an ignorance which frequently left him bruised and broken as he strove against the beneficent laws of nature; in his poverty- stricken social life; in his physical needs—suffer¬ ing from maltreatment, epidemics and a thousand other ills. The African is not being let alone, but is summoned—even commanded —to leave his former simple life, and to enter upon and share in the complex life of the out¬ side world. GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP! UROPEAN governments control all of Central Africa, and practically 100 per cent of the people pay taxes to these govern¬ ments and have their lives controlled by them, in most respects to their benefit. But no action or influence of government, however beneficial its spirit and policy, can meet the fundamental heart-need of the native African nor satisfy the longings of his hungry soul. And all other benefits of industry, of orderly government, of education, are largely dis¬ counted until the spirit is liberated from sin and fear, and the individual life is properly related to God the Father through Jesus Christ the Lord. THE LAMP OF LEARNING I ITERATURE of almost every kind is sorely needed. Even scraps of paper, if only there be printing or writing on them, are eagerly prized by the Central African. The emancipation from debasing conversations which books, the mere beginnings of literature, work for the African, is hard to exaggerate. In every language-area there is urgent need for missionaries to be set aside, on part or full time, to prepare manuscripts for these rapidly devel¬ oping races. A greater missionary force per given unit of numbers of people, is more needed in Africa than in most mission fields. This arises from the backwardness and childhood of the race. While the latent, inherent ability of the people is good and able leaders have arisen among them, yet it will be generations before any appreciable number of dependable leaders such as China enjoys, is available in Africa. NO EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION RACTICALLY all the education for natives is in the hands of the missionaries. In some cases governments subsidize these schools. The generally sparse population of Africa means, that greater distances must be covered by the missionary in reaching a given number of people than in other countries. AFRICA: Central 15 PUBLIC HEALTH S ECOND to no other form of material help, the people of Central Africa need medical, physical and hygienic help. As the Savior in the days of His flesh gave relief from their ills and their pains to multitudes so his messengers need to bring relief and preven¬ tion to this sorely-stricken and needy people. The stuffing of infants with strong foods; the mistreatment of the diseases of childhood; the utter ignorance of proper treatment and care of fever, pneumonia, smallpox and other diseases; lack of knowledge of germs; of laws of hygiene; of the value of sanitation, all result in a heavy toll of life and a low efficiency for those who survive. Nor are salves and pills and the care of physical disease the only lack. At the very heart of the teaching and training in all schools there needs to be thorough instruction and guidance in a knowledge of the laws and forces of nature and of the human body as they relate to health. CAST OUT THE EVIL SPIRITS! OST, and first of all, the African needs relating to God, his Father, the great, good Spirit, whom he admits made the world but whom he thinks has withdrawn himself far away and has no further or present contact with or concern for the people on the earth. Only by coming to accept God,—creator, and ruler of the world—as one who is mightier than all the evil spirits in which he believes, can the animistic African be freed from the terrors of the world of malignant spirits which have hemmed his life in on every side. THE GOSPEL THE PRIMARY NEED N O preliminary or previous preparation is required to enable him to comprehend the “good news” or to realize at once its benefits and uplifting power. The best figures and estimates of missionaries from all parts of Central Africa reveal the fact that only in very rare instances have 25 per cent, or more of the native people of even limited sections heard the gospel message. But taking Central Africa—even the entire continent—as a whole, only 10 per cent, of the total population can be said to be within reach of the gospel. Not only are the present stations all too few, but with rare exceptions they are insufficiently manned. While about half to two-thirds, of the total area and population of Central Africa is assumed for occupation by various boards and societies, yet the present staff and work is not operating on behalf of more than a fourth of the total population. CAPITALIZE THIS ASSET HE missionary is known even in remotest villages as the friend of the native. Yet this great asset is but slightly capitalized be¬ cause of the paucity of the force. The church, if everywhere present and active could deter¬ mine very largely what shall be the content of the native’s learning and the trend of his movement and development. Travel-routes make easy access to every part of the continent and are improving constantly. They should be agencies of missions as well as of com.merce. A VAST BUT FREE FIELD I N the main, governments are favorably inclined towards missionary enterprise and where pressure is applied few areas will be inaccessible. New centers of population are being established rapidly—centers at present without the religious and social engineer to direct the new community life. Here in Cen¬ tral Africa is a potent opportunity for the Christian missionary not only to carry light into a particularly dark corner of the earth but greatly and widely to spread the kingdom of God. THE^ building and operating of railroad and steamship lines employs multitudes of natives, giving them valuable industrial training but bringing them in contact with certain evil and vicious types of Europeans and Americans. 16 Central: AFRICA T he Johannesburg maelstrom where thousands of laborers annually are sucked into the vortex of crime, and cast out a miserable heap of human wreckage. A SACRIFICE TO THE GOD OF GOLD AFRICA: South 17 South Africa Possessing in the Bantus and Zulus two of the most virile, progressive and responsive tribes on the continent, South Africa offers unusual opportunities for successful missionary work. European governmental control is also generally favorable to the cause. S OUTH AFRICA is that portion of the continent below the seventeenth degree of south latitude, extending from the Zambezi River and the southern border of Angola to the Cape of Good Hope. The area of this region is nearly one-half that of the United States and its population about one-tenth as great. Of the population of 10,153,000, 1,500,000 are whites, 150,000 are East Indians and 8,500,000 are Bantus, or native Africans. There are nearly two million more Negroes in the United States than in all of South Africa. With the exception of Portuguese East Africa, the British now rule the entire section since German Southwest Africa has become a British possession. The dominant party in the Union of South Africa is the Boers, who have gained by peaceful processes what they lost in warfare—the control of South Africa. In them the British Empire has gained hundreds of thousands of loyal citizens. The aborigines of the land were the now almost extinct Bushmen and Hottentots. But the virile Bantu race from the North displaced them and is now multiplying and prospering under the white man’s rule. Freed from the unrestrained reign of native tyrants and witch-doctors, they have nearly doubled in population in the course of one generation. They are being rapidly transformed by the impact of civilization. Their labor is in great demand, and they are drawn by the hundreds of thousands to the great industrial centers of Johannesberg and Kimberley, Capetown and Durban. This severance from the primitive conditions of their home-life to the mechanical life of the mines and the tainted environment of the cities is having a profound influence on the social life of the masses of the native people. The acquired habits of the men, gained in their new surroundings, become the adopted habits of their people when they return home, and the race is the worse for the change. Prostitution is no improvement on polygamy. For evil, the rum-habit surpasses the Kaffir beer customs,%hile thievery and beggary are poor substitutes for laziness and lust. 18 South : AFRICA THE CHANGES ARE NOT ALL EVIL ETTLED habits of industry are gaining ground. Good homes, well furnished, are multiplying. Nakedness is not nearly so much the custom now as formerly. Education, by night schools as well as day schools, is in great demand. And the gathering together of the multitudes of men from the sparsely populated areas of the vast interior furnishes great oppor¬ tunities to evangelize them in the shortest time and at least expense. Mission work has been carried on in South Africa for over a century. British, Americans, Germans, French and Scandinavians have participated in the enterprise. There are forty- three mission societies now engaged in work in South Africa, ten of which are American. SOME CHEERING FACTS CCORDING to the latest census, there were 1,204,993 native evangelical Chris¬ tians in the Union of South Africa—one in four of the native population. The same census reported 44 per cent, of the natives in the Cape Province; 14 per cent, in Natal; 24 per cent, in the Transvaal and 50 per cent in the Orange Free State as adherents of the Christian faith. As the result of the work undertaken by British societies, namely, the Congregational Union (representing the London Missionary Society); the Wesleyan Methodists; the Free Church of Scotland (representing the Presbyterians) and the Church of the Province (Episcopalian), self-governing, autonomous South African churches have been founded. The entire work of both Europeans and natives is carried out under South African auspices and control. AN AMERICAN AREA ORTUGUESE East Africa is a unique field for missionary endeavor. It has an area of 195,000 square miles and a population of about 3,000,000,-—practically unoccupied territory. The American Board and Methodist Episcopal Church occupy positions of strategic importance in relation to this field and an agreement has been reached as to the spheres of influence of each. There are no other mis¬ sionary societies represented in this great neg¬ lected region. COMMERCIALISM POWERFUL AND AGGRESSIVE OMMERCIAL companies, chartered by the Portuguese Government and under governmental control, are exploiting the coun¬ try for cotton, sugar, rubber and other products. The native people are forced to work without fair wages and with no regard for their individual or racial rights. The police and soldiers are the agents of force, used in the labor propaganda. Rum is manufactured and sold by the govern¬ ment. While not encouraged, prostitution is allowed. Taken as a whole, the moral character of the people is far below what it was in heathen¬ ism, and a deliberate and systematic opposition to the establishment of mission-work among the people of the country over which it rules is carried out by the Mozambique Company. HUNGRY FOR EDUCATION T he natives of all South Africa are hungry for education. The British states give grants-in-aid to mission schools, and are in¬ creasingly interested in educating the native people. The Portuguese Government, however, is lukewarm toward such education, while the Mozambique Company is actually antagonistic. Mission schools in British territory are multi¬ plying rapidly and are overflowing with pupils. The higher schools for boys and girls cannot meet the demand of those seeking admission. From 50 per cent, to 100 per cent, of the appli¬ cants are turned away each year. DEMAND OUTRUNS SUPPLY ANY students desire to come to America and England to get collegiate training, but the government and missionaries agree that it is best for them to be trained in South Africa—in their own environment. Yet all the higher schools functioning at their greatest capacity cannot meet the present demand for such training and a greatly increased program for higher education must be undertaken. The American schools on the field are to the front in native education, but they must be greatly enlarged and improved. NHAMBANE PROTESTANT MISSIONARY OCCUPATION OF PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA STATUTE MILES too 200 300 .UNOCCUPIED AND UNASSIGNED. OCCUPIED BY AMERICAN BOARDS PARTICIPATING IN INTERCHURCH WORLD MOV'EMENT. (initials REPRESENT NAMES OF THESE BOARDS) 1=1 OCCUPIED BY OTHER MISSION AGENCIES. |y//J ASSIGNED.BUT still UNOCCUPIED,AWAITING FUNDS. ABCFM = FMA = MEFB = 'brld Movement of North America AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS. GENERAL MISSIONARY BOARD OF THE FREE METHODIST CHURCH OF NORTH AMERICA. BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. G O. 5/ 20 South : AFRICA A RACE WITHOUT DOCTORS OR NURSES N sickness the Bantus have still to depend on witch-doctors and herb-doctors. Twenty- three European and American missionary doctors and nineteen nurses are serving eight and one-half millions of Bantus! They do heroic work, accomplish wonders, but touch only the rim of the need. There are three missionary doctors in all Portuguese Africa, covering an area of nearly 200,000 square miles. They cannot minister to the sufferings of three millions of people. A great union medical college to train native doctors and nurses to minister to their own people is the pressing need. Dispensaries and hospitals should be established in all parts of the land. MENTAL AND MORAL STIMULANTS T he Zulu language is the cosmopolitan language of the natives of South Africa owing to the fact that it was widely spread by the conquering hordes of Zulus who founded the great dynasties of the Matabele, Shangan and Angoni. The Bible, a hymn book and certain school books are printed in the Zulu language, and are in great demand, especially in the industrial centres. Portions of the Bible and hymn book are now being translated into and published in the languages spoken by the other tribes in Rho¬ desia and Portuguese East Africa. A far larger circulation of Christian literature is needed. A GOOD FOUNDATION TO BUILD ON T he Bantus are not worshippers of idols; they have a spiritual worship of its kind; they believe in life after death; the spiritual concepts of the Christian faith are not stum¬ bling blocks to them; and they welcome with joy the fuller interpretations of what they have felt after in ignorance and superstition. It is the common experience to have men, converted in the great industrial centres, return to their homes to win multitudes to accept; the Christian faith; to organize churches; build chapels and school-houses, and then call for trained pastors and teachers. FILLING A VACUUM T he Bantus are losing their faith in their old animistic religion, and are drifting away from their former moral codes. The vices of the new civilization in which they are im¬ mersed, appeal to their lustful natures and, without the former restraints, gain control over them. The race will face physical, moral, and spiritual ruin unless the evils of civilization can be neutralized by Christian forces. DO IT NOW! N OW, if ever, is the time when missionary effort of the highest, fullest and most strenuous type is needed. A great Christian propaganda can succeed in winning the race for Christ, for it is easily won under present condi¬ tions. tjCl *-■ » • .* \r ' ' 4. ■•’'■ *3 ' T ■ - Kj.-' r'- Iv... y. ’I ‘. ♦ -^ ... -j-ii . j.' * ■ - »‘Tii=» 1 • -T Vi ^ t ■ v» - *-1 ’€>‘.V J .. ■» ■> »- V. •# .?'* i.,Tf'* fiJt .*^ ‘ * . .1 *• - ■rp-;^j.-i • .v - 0. ' • ''4-aW **'W «aR.“ ;>* • -i .t- ■ * ^ ^ 'fl *. f., il ■ ' mM - \y f^* V 'K'-.S -■ ■ “■ t -. *"• ^ - -vW' ’ •* -''-1, 'sra/r^ ■ . ** : :{.Ti ■-»—^ . '■ ' -i .,, 1 ' . •■ - ‘i ‘ ■' ';.fj'v ' . . .. .--' ..■Jlj ■ f’ I \ 1 .. 4" - • -V;.; 4 . '-j.#, iKai SJ&»s:'. .’®j= •..1 ,>.i! • A ” ' 4ut]^^L *; f ' ’ "r ftjl^AiBli! . * «^* '■*> * > ^ a -■ - _A ' '* » ^ *1 mili •':r-7^ * ■ fVvt --V, f. INTERCHORCH world movement of north AMERICA ORGANIZATION OF THE SURVEY DEPARTMENT DIVISIONS SURVEY DEPARTMENT FOREIGN HOME MISSIONS AMERICAN EDUCATION AMERICAN Religious Education AMERICAN Hospitals and Homes BRANCHES Fields Mission Agencies Coordination — I Agencies f- Fields — Coordination Organization Relations ~ Tai-Supported Institutions Denominational and Independent Inetitutlona Theological Seminaries —I Secondary Schools Coordination — Local Church — Community H Special Groups" Home H SpeciaJ Fields H Field Organization Denominational and • Interdenominational Ayenefea — Research and Instruction Coordination AMERICAN MINISTERIAL SUPPORT AND REUEF HI Ministerial Support Pensions and Relief SECTIONS -Africa -China -India -Japanese Empire -Malaysia, Siam -Indo-China, Oceania -Philippine Islands -Latin America -Europe - Near East -Evangelistic -Educational -Medical -Social and Industrial -Literature -Field Occupancy -Field Conditions -Graphics -Statistics -Editorial -Research and Library - Cities -New York Metropolitan —Town and Country —Vvest Indies —Alaska —Hawaii —Migrant Croups —Cities —New York Metropolitan —Town and Country —Negro Americans —New Americans —Spanish-speaking Peoples —Orientals in the U. S. —American Indian —^Migrant Groups -Research and Library -Lantern Slides -Graphics -Publicity -Statistics -Industrial Relations -Colleges -Universities —State Universities _ ^—Municipal Universities " —State Agricultural Colleges —State Normal Schools E Theological Seminaries College Biblical Departments Religious Training Schools E Comity and Cooperation Field Standards and Noms p—Architecture -1— Curriculum •—Teachers r—Music H—Pageantry *—Non-church Organizations E Editorial Statistics and Tabulation Schedules