i 'oil Biographical Sketch = of = Xlbomas jf. IDallowell N —» "*■■■> . . . Rev. E. M. Hursh literature department. Women's Missionary Association. United Brethren in Christ. 406-408 Otterbein Press Bldg., Dayton, Ohio. PRICE 2 CENTS Biographical Sketch —of— Thomas F. Hallowell Rev. E. M. Hursh. The grace of God has worked no greater miracle than is wrought when a man or woman, boy or girl is saved from the awful bondage of heathenism and Mohamme¬ danism as found in West Africa and many other portions of the Dark Continent. Here is briefly told the story of how one young man was set free and of the wonderful work he has been doing in liberating others. In a town not many miles from Rotifunk, Sierra Leone, a child was born about sixty years ago whose parents were of the Lokkoh and Temne tribes, and who, like many of their tribesmen, were followers of the Mohammedan religion. His father was also a member of the royal family. At birth he of course submitted to the usual tribal ceremonies and at various times thereafter during baby¬ hood, which would often be performed with utter disre¬ gard to the kindly, gentle touches so tenderly adminis¬ tered in the Christian nursery. He was “toted” on his mother’s back as she would go on long journeys or as she bent over her work in kitchen and farm. When old enough to work he gathered fire wood, carried water— the head being the principal burden bearer. Certainly no other part of his anatomy could have borne so great a strain. And the secret of an African child’s ability to carry such remarkably heavy loads on its head, burdens that it could scarcely lift with its two hands, is doubtless largely due to the hardening and thickening process of the skull which result from the hot rays of the sun to which it is always exposed while being carried on its mother’s back, and especially to the early development of the muscles of the neck which are constantly employed in holding the head erect while tied to its mother’s back regardless of the position and movements of her body. 2 When he was about fourteen years old he was “stolen” from his home by the “porroh devil” and carried to the secret “bush school,” where with other boys of about the same age he was given an intensive course of instruction. There he was taught tribal law, ceremonial law, native religious beliefs (superstitions as we call them), the art of war and work; in short, there he was taught all the “shalts” and “shalt nots” included in the African’s category of the “whole duty of man.” At the time of his initiation and at different times during the two or three months’ session of the “bush school” and ^^gain at its close, he and his companions were subjected to ceremonies with such severe physical strain which the weaker youths often do not survive. In addition to being taught all the heathen rites, being the son of a Mohammedan, he was among that group of boys of his native town who were taught Moslem pray¬ ers and the Koran. With a board for a slate on which the Priest wrote the Arabic characters by means of a delible solution, he became familiar with large portions of the Koran, which he and his comrades would say over and over in loud voices, each “on his own.” “Silence is golden”—but not in a Mohammedan school, where but for the noise it would not be a school. And so far as the boys are concerned it is as senseless as it is noisy. Familiar with the Koran did we say? Familiar only in the sense that they committed it to memory scarcely knowing a word of the Arabic language in which it is written. But this made little difference to the teachers and because the boy of our story was alert and quick to learn and early showed elements of leadership which be¬ came more pronounced as he grew into manhood, he was picked out for the priesthood and was to be trained with this in view. But he was industrious as well as ambitious and was not fully satisfied to idle his time away as a scholar in such a doleful school, nor was he afraid to work. 3 However, he could not help but feel the importance of his social status. His father was not only a “big man” in the country, belonging to the ruling class, but he was a leader among the Mohammedans. So viewed from the standpoint of his tribe he had every prospect for a bright future before him and pride naturally filled his heart. Yet he was not indifferent to what was going on around him, he used his eyes and ears for the purpose they were intended, and thus he saw and heard. His active senses and keen mind brought him to the turning point in his life. He came into contact with the work of our Mission. Our pioneer native teacher, whose name was Mosumana Soko, conducted a night school in a small town not far from Rotifunk. The school was held on an open veranda so that all who would could see and hear what was going on. At this time the subject of our story lived in this town. But, being a Mohammedan, he of course would hardly be allowed to go to the school. He was neverthe¬ less attracted by the singing and reciting of those who did attend. He was particularly impressed when the boys and girls kneeled and repeated the Lord’s Prayer in concert. He overheard the petition—“Forgive us our sins,” and this lodged in his mind and tormented him day and night. His proud spirit was finally so humbled that he condescended to ask the teacher this question, “Who is it that forgives sin?” In answering, the teacher had a splendid opportunity to sow good seed in the young man’s heart. Sometime not long after he was one of the crew that was rowing a boat load of produce to Freetown. The railway that was later built through that section had not come as far as Rotifunk, so it was necessary for them to pass down the Bompeh river and put out to sea through Yorah Bay, then the last half of the journey had to be made in the open sea. On this particular trip all went very well until they approached Freetown harbour 4 where there is often a high wind, counter currents and unfavorable tide. And on this occasion the elements were against their small craft. When the crew became alarmed they began to pray, but they prayed to the god of the Koran. They repeated their creed over and over again: “There is no god but god and Mohammed is his prophet, there is no god but god and Mohammed is his prophet.” But all to no avail. They began to throw their cargo overboard and yet there seemed to be no hope of safety. Finally the young “priest” remembered. He remembered the words of the teacher in the mission school and he at once began to pray to God through Jesus Christ who forgives sin. This prayer was answered im¬ mediately, all were saved and with great joy they landed. It is hardly necessary to say that this incident lead to the conversion of Thomas Hallowell. He returned to the town back in the country and at once became a pupil in the mission night school. And the way in which he o^ot his new name so soon after his conversion seems a remarkable coincidence. Mrs. M. E. A. Hallowell, of Los Angeles, California, had written the teacher of this night school and asked him to give the name of her deceased husband to one of his boys. And thus he was given the name, Thomas F. Hallowell, in memory of a very good and faithful minister of the Gospel. Did the name given by this praying woman cause the mantle to fall upon this babe in Christ, or had the mantel fallen upon him before, or was it the combination of circumstances, seemingly providentially timed, that caused the witness of the Spirit in Thomas Hallowell’s life that has never ceased to be a powerful testimony to the efficacy of the gospel of the grace of God? Whatever the answer—it was God, who “moves in a mysterious way His wonders to perform.” Soon after he entered the night school one of the ter¬ rible tribal wars broke out, putting an end to the work there, and Thomas with other boys escaped to Rotifunk. Here he entered school in August, 1884. It should be remembered that when he was converted at the age of 5 twenty-four he could neither read nor write a word of English. To him all things had become new; a new faith, a new name and a new opportunity to make possible the living of a new life. He boldly witnessed for Christ from the beginning. He soon became a good inter¬ preter and he was a good student in school. He took a courageous stand against both fetish and Moslem prac¬ tices. One incident shows his contempt for the religion of his fathers and the daring with which he attacked it. While in the mission home at Rotifunk he with one of the other boys cast the “devil” (stone covered with white cloth) of the Rotifunk chief, in the river, took away the food that had been sacrificed to it and burned the “devil house,” a small shrine in which the devil lived. For his graduating essay he choose the subject “Mohammedan¬ ism and Its Followers.” The girl, afterwards named Bessie Weeks, who was to become his wife lived in an out-station. Desiring her to have the same privileges of securing an education that he enjoyed he brought her to the Rotifunk school. The marriage was hastened, however, when Thomas saw the possibility of his hopes being shattered because another man was offering her parents more money than he could pay them. The wedding was forthwith arranged for and the ceremony was the first to be performed in the Rotifunk chapel, which was the first chapel and new at that time. Much interest was created in the community by this Christian marriage, which took place in the year 1886. Thomas continued in school until he completed his course ten years later, and Bessie, his wife, also continued to go to school after their marriage until after their sec¬ ond baby was born when she asserted her Christian right and declared that she would not go to school with one pickin’ tied on her back and with another at her side, and she didn’t; this is the first triumph of “women’s rights” on record in the work of the W. M. A. in Sierra Leone. But with what this plucky, sweet spirited, little 6 woman had already received in the school and with the help her good husband afterward gave her in the home, her education, though somewhat meager, has been a great blessing to herself and family and all with whom she comes in contact. She reads and writes, loves her Bible and actively supports her husband in his work. After they had been married for over twenty-five years Thomas took great delight in saying to one of the missionaries that it had never been necessary to call in a third person to settle a “palaver” between him and his wife. And those who know with what constant peril a Christian home is surrounded in Africa are ready to testify that nothing but the grace of God can preserve the sanctity of such a home established as it is in a polygamous social order where morality and religion have so little in common. Their two children, a girl and a boy have both grown and are married. James, the younger, was graduated from Albert Academy in 1913, and has since been a teacher and itinerant in the employ of the Mission. He was married in October, 1918, to Miss Sarah Ann Ma- cauley, a Temne girl, who had been trained in the Moyamba Girls’ Home. Immediately following his school days at Rotifunk he accepted an appointment from the Mission and has actively and zealously engaged in preaching the Gospel ever since. His work was at Rotifunk up to the time of the uprising in 1898. As is w r ell known, at this tragic hour in the history of the W. M. A. work many native Christians along with five of our missionaries were massacred there. Thomas did all in his power to prevent these awful atrocities, but all in vain were his efforts to protect his friends and stay the hands of the cruel perpetrators. But his own life was spared, and, dare we not say, divinely so. In writing to the Super¬ intendent of the Mission in Freetown, on the 3rd of May, 1918, Thomas—or shall we not .now call him “Pa Hallowell” as he is better known and familiarly 7 called by al his friends and associates on the field— wrote: “Rather than do anything else these days, I feel to be quiet and spend the time alone in prayer with my Bible, for the awful memories of what happened twenty years ago to-day are deeply impressed on my mind. There is great sadness in my heart when I think of our dear missionaries who then laid down their lives, but I am thankful, too, for all they did, for what they did for me and that God spared me to do a great work. I now feel to do a much greater work to prove my love to Jesus Christ who gave His life for me and all my peo¬ ple many of whom are yet unsaved.” While pursuing his active duties as a mission worker he has been a student, as well, much of the time. Soon after he took active work he began to read for the min¬ istry. He began with the quarterly conference reading course which he finished within a few years and then he took up the more arduous task of reading the books of the annual conference preachers’ course. From year to year he persisted and sat to his examination in one or more books. After the Theological Institute was organized in 1907, which was in session three weeks each year, he took advantage of the help this offered the licentiates. So by patience, prayer, and persistent effort he finished his course in a satisfactory manner and was ordained along with two other licentiates at the annual conference held at Freetown, in January, 1910, by Dr. J. R. King, then Superintendent. Only the miracle working Gospel could work the mighty change that made of this man an Elder in the Church of Christ, who, but for the miracle, would have become a blind leader of the blind, a priest of a false religion—Mohammedanism. When the work of reconstruction was undertaken following the uprising of 1898, several stations were opened in the Yonnie section of the Temne country. Makunda had opened in 1895. Thomas Hallowed who has been the leading factor in the development of all the 8 work in that section was sent to reopen Makunda in 1899. A piece of ground was secured, a mission house and barrie chapel were erected. Within a few years a church was organized and of course a school was con¬ ducted from the beginning. The next station to be opened was Ronietta, the paramount chiefs town about eight miles northeast of Makunda. Pa Hallowed was appointed to open this work in 1904. The paramount chief, Foula Mansa, was converted under his preaching and from the day he found Christ he used his powerful influence to help forward the work of the Mission. A splendid site was secured for the mission and in a short time the grounds were well laid out, a mission house was built and a little later a sub¬ stantial adobe chapel was erected, both buildings were covered with an iron roof. Flowering plants and fruit trees were planted which have long since, from year to year, adorned the grounds with beautiful flowers and abundant fruitage. In a few years those who had been won to Christ were organized into a church which now has a membership of over fifty and which is taking steps towards becoming self-supporting. To fully appreciate his strong personality and wonder¬ ful message, one must hear Pa Hallowell preach to his own people in his and their own tongue. One may sit and listen and not know the meaning of a single word spoken, yet the whole message is given in such a con¬ vincing manner and with so much force, judging from the response from those who do hear and from the way he throws his whole soul and body into it, that you are persuaded that he believes what he says and that it is born of deep conviction and experience. So, from day to day, while at work in his station or while itinerating among the many towns of the surrounding country that marvelous Gospel story is told with increasing power as it becomes more deeply rooted in his own soul. He has multiplied his usefulness many fold during the past few years by using a bicycle in his itinerating work. We will possibly never know how much good seed he has sown to undermine the doctrines of Mohammedanism whose devotees he brings to confusion through his hum¬ ble manner and direct gospel message. But to understand fully the secret of his power we must not overlook that invisible spiritual force that was projected from the life of that quiet, frail little woman of California, who until the time of her death in 1914, in the spirit—through faith and prayer—walked by the side of her “son in the Lord,” as she always referred to Thomas. She took a vital interest in the work of the W. M. A. at Rotifunk from the beginning. She famil¬ iarized herself with the names of places and people, native converts and missionaries, chiefs and all the prob¬ lems of the work. But she took especial interest in Thomas Hallowed and through him she learned to know and love the Yonnie people. “By faith she claimed the whole Yonnie country for the Lord and, as the years went by, she saw many triumphs. The Yonnies boast they have never been conquered, but when they said that, they did not reckon with Mrs. Hallowed. She claimed that land for the King as definitely as the patriarchs claimed Canaan.” In answer to her prayers for the Yonnie people money was placed in her hands. This she would send direct to her son in the Lord, the human agent through whom the Spirit of God witnessed in reaching the people for which her spirit pleaded daily. With the money she also sent names which she asked Thomas to give to boys and girls who were committed to his care for train¬ ing, and whom the money was intended to support in his home. In this way he was enabled to keep from 10 to 15 children in his home each year. They were sent to school and nurtured under the good influence of his Christian household. A number of boys and girls who were thus trained in his home and at the school at Ronietta were sent to the Academy and Moyamba Girls’ 10 Home for further training. Some are now in the active service of the Mission. When we know of the unity of spirit and the fellow¬ ship in service that existed in the hearts of both these humble servants of God, who, though separated by a sea and a continent, worked hand in hand, heart in heart, in unison with the will of God, month after month and year after year, then we understand the secret of their triumphs. The question has possibly arisen in our minds ere this, as to whether this sturdy Christian crusader does not suffer persecution. From the outset many of his former friends and companions turned their backs upon him, but it was not until after he had won the favor of many of his former associates when he was well on in his work at Ronietta that he came to know that his life was actually endangered through the enmity of these very men during his early Christian life. After he won their friendship and support through his preaching and good life, they told him that when he went on his itin¬ erating trips, they went before him and lay in ambush for him by the way, but that every effort of theirs to ap¬ prehend him was frustrated, some power they said seemed to prevent them from moving. Then he was told by others that they tried to put an end to his work by putting deadly poisons in his food at different times, and though he would eat of the food he would not even get sick. So it would seem that to this man of God there has been committed the same power that Christ committed to the seventy when He said: “Behold, I give unto you power to tread on serpents and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy; and nothing shall by any means hurt you.” Yes, Thomas Hallowell has suf¬ fered persecution of sundry varieties, from his own peo¬ ple, from his associates and friends—but he is unswerv¬ ing and bears it patiently for Jesus’ sake. In 1907 two new stations were opened; Roruks a few 11 miles east of Ronietta and Yonnie Banna, a paramount chief’s town, about 25 miles farther east. A new railway line was built which would ultimately pass through these towns. After his ordination in 1910, Pa Hallowed was made a district superintendent of the whole Yonnie country. So in addition to his station duties at Ronietta he visited the work and counselled with the workers at Makunda, Rokon, Roruks and Yonnie Banna. He re¬ mained in charge of the work at Ronietta until the an¬ nual conference of 1917 transferred him to Yonnie Banna, Because of the importance of Yonnie Banna as a cen¬ ter in that whole section it seemed wise to make it the headquarters of the district. The conference, therefore, placed Pa Hallowed in charge with a view to his develop¬ ing this station as a strong center and at the same time continue to have direct oversight of the entire section. But in accepting this appointment he was undertaking a great pioneering task. But apart from this considera¬ tion it was naturally not an easy thing for him to break the ties that had been formed with his people at Ro¬ nietta during his pastorate of 13 years. He had become a great, good father to them all. They came to him with all their petty complaints and many ills. He became more attached to the people during the reign of the wicked chiefs, referred to above, for they sought the man of God rather than these “devil worshippers.” In fact at one time during his pastorate at Ronietta, the people of his native town came to cad him to be their king. He belonged to the regal line and the chief¬ taincy belonged to him. And do not think that it was not a temptation to him to go back with them and be¬ come their king. He would have been justified in ar¬ guing that he could do more for his people as a Chris¬ tian chief than should a pagan or Mohammedan occupy that important post. But his better judgment prevailed, the dangers to his own spiritual life and the handicaps the position of chief would place upon him as a Chris- 12 tian outweighed the advantages it would be to the Gospel of Jesus Christ which he had been called to preach. But it was no small trial for him to leave Ronietta which he, with his industrious wife and family, had made so homelike and such a blessing to themselves and the people of the whole community. Going to Yonnie Banna meant beginning over again. It meant laying out a new compound, erecting new buildings and planting flowers and trees, all of which they had earned by the fruit of their labor at the station they were now asked to leave. But after praying the matter through he most willingly undertook the new pioneering task. When he arrived at Yonnie Banna the paramount chief (regent) was very ill and was away from his town receiving medical treatment from a government doctor for a full year from that time. Pa Hallowell visited his sick chief a number of times, and though he had been a professed follower of Mo¬ hammed for sometime before, he was lead to pray through Jesus Christ and become a humble seeker of truth. When he returned to his town, having recovered from his illness, early in 1918 he again undertook the re¬ sponsible duties of ruling his people. But before he now would hear an important case in his court he called Pa Hallowed and asked him to pray with him. He was ready at once, too, to throw himself into the great build¬ ing enterprise for the Mission that was awaiting him. A fine piece of ground of possibly fifty acreas was marked off for the Mission. He called a meeting of ad of his sub¬ chiefs who were asked to co-operate with him in supply¬ ing men and material to erect the buildings. A mission house, teacher’s house, school building and church were to be built. These were ad to be substantial adobe build¬ ings, ad of which, except the church, would be covered with bamboo thatch for the present owing to war prices for better roofing material. Iron had been purchased be¬ fore the war for the covering of a church building. The 13 church was to be a much better building in every way than the others. It was to have a concrete foundation, more substantially built walls with a corrugated iron roof. And it was to be built in memory of Mrs. M. E. A. Hal¬ lowed, a fitting memorial to the woman whose prayers when fully answered will have conquered the whole Yon- nie country. Well, this great project was begun and proceeded so splendidly that by the end of 1918 most of the work was completed. Some work remained on the church. The foundation stone was laid by Bishop A. T. Howard early in December, though the walls were almost completed when this stone was placed in position. This building enterprise demonstrates in a wonderful way what Christian leadership in Africa is capable of accomplishing. Having won the paramount chief, Pa Hallowed through his co-operation won the support of ad the sub-chiefs of the entire chieftancy. They responded by giving men and building material. There were from two to three hundred men at work gathering material from the “bush” and constructing these buildings much of the time while the work was going on. Their presence became the finest possible evangelistic opportunity. And the opportunity was seized. Each day during the rest hour at noon Pa Hallowed gave a gospel message and the men were taught to sing gospel songs. Possibly but few of these men knew much of the gospel story before they came together there. The interest of that whole section of the Temne country will be centered in the righteous cause that is being established at Yonnie Banna and which in turn will be propagated from it as a center. Already a number of the chiefs who have cooperated in this work are appealing to the Mission for teachers. When the work was first begun two of the chiefs failed to respond in supplying the material asked for. But in a letter to the superintendent of the Mission, Pa Hallowed explains how this difficulty was overcome. He wrote: “You will be glad to hear of another victory we have 14 won in the building work. A few days ago the other two chiefs under Capri Yonnie, Satimaka of Monika and Kaina Foray of Tondu, seemed to decline to furnish materials for their buildings. The paramount chief him¬ self saw no possible way to influence them. I said to the chief, ‘By the grace of God, I shall see that these chiefs respond to carry out the share of work given to them.’ I then betook myself to earnest prayer. I told my Lord Jesus of the lack of funds for this great work, and I said, ‘Thou Lord, hast blest these people with the riches of this country. Influence them to heartily respond to the request I shall set before them/ I first went to Sati¬ maka, who, after expressing my views as to his responsi¬ bility to complete the mission house, said he would be willing to furnish the thatching material, boards and nails for all the work and see that the house is completed. Then I went to Kaina Foray with the same result. This is all due to all your prayers, and we should all be en¬ couraged to pray. There are many other blessed inci¬ dents that I cannot write about now.” We believe that Thomas Hallowell is now making the supreme effort of his life. But he is no longer a young man, and it is greatly regretted that during the last year he has not enjoyed the same robust health of former years. The women of the church in America should not fail to pray unceasingly for him. We should stand to¬ gether to take the place of his praying “mother” from whom he no longer receives helpful letters that always gave him great encouragement to pray and have faith in God. We should pray too that many of the younger men now in. training will step out upon God’s promises and be as fully consecrated to the Lord as this great exam- pier whom they all love as a father. Truly a fountain of living water has its source in such a life which gives full expression to John 7 :38. And as the ceaseless current flows into thousands of open hearts that thirst, there is no way to limit its power, for it 15 reaches as deep as human need, filling every aching void. So may our prayers be added that it might flow swifter and swifter and that branches might be multiplied, so as to increase its volume and wash every stronghold of evil from its base and leave in its wake only the plains of Peace. LITERATURE DEPARTMENT. Women's Missionary Association, United Brethren in Christ, 406-408 Otterbein Press Bldg., Dayton, Ohio. PRICE 2 CENTS 16