J J y / SI >7 
 / 
 
 lo the Mikado’s Empire 
 
 HENUY F. WILLIAMS 
 
 The Japan Mission 
 of the 
 
 Presbyterian 
 Church 
 in the 
 
 United States 
 
 Published by the 
 
 Presbyterian 
 Committee of 
 Publication 
 Richmond, Va. 
 Texarkana, Ark. -Tex. 
 
LIST OF 
 
 Missionary Booklets 
 
 Covering the Work of the 
 
 Southern Presbyterian Church, 
 
 By REV. H. F. WILLIAMS. 
 
 Editor of The Missionary. 
 
 1 — Along the Grand Canal (our Mid-China Mission). 
 
 2 — North of the Yangtze (our North Kiangsu Mission). 
 
 3 — In the Hermit Land (our Korea Mission). 
 
 4 — In the Mikado’s Empire (our Japan Mission). 
 
 5 — In Mexico and Cuba (our Near-Home Missons). 
 
 6 — In South America (our Missions in Brazil). 
 
 7 — In the Congo (our Mission in Africa). 
 
 Price, 5 cents each. Postpaid. 
 
 In Four Continents (Text-Book 1912-13) — The 
 Foreign Mission Work of the Southern Presbyterian 
 Church. Cloth, 50c. Paper, 35c. 
 
 FOR OUTLINE OF THIS BOOK, WITH HELPS, SEE PAGE 32. 
 
 Published by the 
 
 Presbyterian Committee of Publication, 
 
 RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. TEXARKANA. ARK.-TEX. 
 

 IX 1 
 
 The Mikado s Empire 
 
 Tlie Japan 3[issioii of the 
 Pre8l>ytei'ian ('Imrcli 
 
 ill tlie TJiited | 
 
 States 1 
 
 By 
 
 HENRY F. WILLIAMS 
 
 Published by 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN COMMITTEE OF PUBLICATION 
 Richmond, Va. Texarkana, Ark. -Tex. 
 
 ■ 4 * 
 
LTHOUGH the outlook in Japan today is 
 not, to the natural eye, very bright, to the 
 spiritual eye all is noonday. The victory has 
 been assured from the beginning. However 
 indisposed by nature the people among whom 
 we labor may be, whatever hindrances may 
 oppose our work, the word of the Almighty 
 has gone forth — the kingdoms of this world 
 shall become the kingdoms of our Lord and 
 of His Christ. The victory is sure, because 
 God reigns. In His own good time every 
 opposing influence will pass away, and the 
 banner of King Immanuel will wave over all 
 this fair land. — R. B. Peery. 
 
Shrine at Kotahira, a great temple near Takamatsu. 
 
lAPAN— THE LAND. 
 
 The “Land of Ihe Jxisiiig Sun” is iTie poetic name of 
 the country. The real name, “.Jih-Pnn,” which we call 
 “Japan,” is said to have come from China. Another 
 of the names hy which the country is known conies 
 from “Jih-l’nn,” wliich means “the ])lace the sun 
 comes from.” 
 
 The Japanese have a beautiful legend as to the 
 origin of their country. As the story goes, a won- 
 derful rainbow came down from the sky bearing on its 
 arch a fair god. The rainbow found a resting-place 
 on the sea, and the god drojiped his great siiear into 
 the water, and as he raised it, there was a shower of 
 drops, which hardened as they touched the water and 
 thus formed the four thousand islands of which Jai>au 
 is formed. These islands, many of them mere points 
 of rocks, probably many of them the ])eaks of tall moun- 
 tains rising from the deidh of the sea, extend from a 
 point in the Pacific Ccean not far from the Aleutian 
 Islands to Pormosa in the south, 251) miles from the 
 Philippine Islands, and so Jajian is within 250 miles 
 of territory belonging to the Cnited States. In the 
 olden time, wdien the Japanese thought their country 
 was the greatest in the world, they called it ‘‘Great 
 Japan.” 
 
 The Four Islands. 
 
 Of the islands, thousands of them are uninhabit- 
 able points of rock. Jajian proper consists of the 
 four large islands — Yezo, Hondo, Shikoku and Kyushu. 
 
6 
 
 In the Mikado’s Empire. 
 
 Sunset. Kobe Harbor. 
 
 These islands, taken togetlier, about equal California 
 in area. The general form of the islands is that of a 
 erescent with the convex to the east. Since the war 
 with Itiissia, the southern half of the island of Sak- 
 lialin, north of Yezo, is .lajianese territory. 
 
 Hondo is far the largest and most imiKirtant island. 
 A chain of monntains extends down the middle and 
 through the entire length of the island. The name 
 of the island, "Hondn," means “main island, or coun- 
 try.” On this island are found the largest cities and 
 most extensive business. Yezo is a comjiaratively 
 small island at the extreme north. The climate is 
 cold. This island is the home of the Ainu iieople, 
 the aborigines nf Japan. To the south of Hondo, im- 
 mediately across the Inland Sea, is the island of 
 Shikoku, and adjoining Shikoku, the island of Kyii- 
 
lx THK MiKAIk/s IaMPIRE. 
 
 7 
 
 8liu. These islands are Thickly populated, with pros- 
 perous cities, and a larne rural popTilatiou. 
 
 It is no wonder that the Jaiainese have a passion- 
 ate love for their islands, for .la])an is a country of 
 beautiful scenery. The niountaiiis are covered with 
 forests, the streams are numerous, and the valleys are 
 fertile and ]iicturesipie. The traveler .uoing throni>h 
 Japan views an ever changing; panorama of mountains, 
 valleys and rivers that is a continual delight to the 
 eye. 
 
 The 1'eople of Japan. 
 
 In considering the Ja})anese jieople it is necessary 
 to remember that they are of an entirely different race 
 from the peojde of the West. Rev. INI. L. (xordon, in 
 “An American ^lissionary in Jaiian," says: “The Jap- 
 ane.se are our antipodes. They are Orientals, we Oc- 
 cidentals; they are Asiatics, we Europeans. They 
 belong to the ^longolian race, we are of the Aryan. 
 Living n])on the oiijKtsite side of the world, they see 
 the reverse side of the shield to us, and in thought and 
 life aj)]iroach almost everything from the opposite di- 
 rection. The cai-penters jmll their ])lanes and saws 
 toward themselves, instead of ]mshing them, as do 
 onrs. They tie their horses heads to Avhat we would 
 call the back of the stall, and nionnt from the right 
 instead of the left side. ‘They s]teak backwards, write 
 backwards, read backwards.’ The left side is more 
 honorable than the right : the liest room is in the rear 
 of the house; and ‘they begin to enter the house, not 
 by removing their hats, but by taking otf their shoes.’ 
 White garments, not Idack. are the symbols of mourn- 
 ing with them, and laughter is more common at a 
 funeral than wee))ing We are the youngest of na- 
 
8 
 
 In the Mikado's Empire. 
 
 Japanese Boys. 
 
 lions and rlie most nnoei-ennmious of i>eoples. They 
 have one of liie oldest civilizations, one utterly alien to 
 onrs, and an exceedingly foianal and elaborate code of 
 politeness which is an integral part of their national 
 life." 
 
 Physically the Japanese are usually of low stature, 
 due to the shortness of ihe lower limbs. A portly 
 lK‘rson is rarely seen. The jiride of the professional 
 wi-estler is to be a r^ery jiortly man. While the upjter 
 and middle classes do not ajijtear to be jibysically 
 strong, the lower classes — such as coolies, ricksha men 
 and laborers, inclnding women — have great jiowers of 
 endurance. Kev. ( )tis Cary, in giving the mental char- 
 acteristics of the Jajjanese, describes them as keenly 
 intelligent, cheerful and good-natured, taking life in a 
 light-hearted way. They ai-e not an inventive ixmide, 
 but have great powers of adaptation. It is said of the 
 ('hinese that they are notable for exact reproduction, 
 while the Jaitanese will reproduce an article in the 
 
Scene in the famous Park at Takiu 
 
10 
 
 In the Mikado’s Empire. 
 
 inaiu, but will adapt it to liis s^iecial needs. The Jap- 
 anese lack the plodding patience of the Chinese, and 
 hence it is justly said of them they are lacking in 
 steadfastness of purpose. They are described as 
 being “oiiportnnists, allowing their action to be gov- 
 erned by what will serve their present purpose, rather 
 than by great princiides." It has also been said of 
 Japan: “There is nothing lixed in Japan except 
 
 change.” In making this statement it should be re- 
 membered that all things Japanese have been in 
 [trocess of develo])ment, and therefore nndergoing con- 
 tinual changes for tifty years. It remains to be seen 
 how far the Jajianese as a ]ieO]tle will develop into 
 the steadiness essential to staldlity in all things moral, 
 commercial and civil. A prominent characteristic of 
 the -lajianese is that ihey are hero worshipers. While 
 this characteristic has its part in the developing of a 
 spirit of loyalty to those in high iiosition, from the 
 Emjieror down, it is carried to an extreme. A Jap- 
 anese writer has said that the result of the extrava- 
 gant spirit of hero worship is that “the qniet, peace- 
 ful jierformance of daily duties, small and nnheroic, 
 bnt so necessary for the highest social welfare, seemed 
 to fall into comparative neglect.” 
 
 A prominent characteristic of the Japanese people 
 is their appreciation of beanty. This is expressed in 
 the dec(»rations with which the people of the West are 
 familiar. It is also expressed in their great pleasure 
 in flowers and natural scenery. They have a tlower 
 calendar, which runs as follows: “.Jannary — Pine; 
 February — Plnin; March — Peach; April — Cheinw; 
 May — Wistaria; June — Iris; July — Morning Glory; 
 August — Lotus ; September — Seven Grasses ; October 
 ■ — Chrysanthemum ; November — iMaple; December — 
 Camelia. 
 
In the Mikado’s Empire. 
 
 11 
 
 The Morals op the People. 
 
 The great weakness in the morals of the Japanese 
 people is found in the family relation. High stand- 
 ards of morality are not demanded of men nor of un- 
 married women, as in Western lands. The moral 
 tone of society is far from being what it should be. 
 One of the encouraging indications at the present time 
 is that thoughtful Japanese are coming to recognize 
 what the country is losing in the estimation of right- 
 thinking nations, and undermining effects of the cor- 
 rupt life upon the peojile, and are taking steps for 
 improvement. The Japanese are noted for their loy- 
 alty, by which is meant their devotion to the imperial 
 family. A very large part of the population regards 
 the Emperor as of divine origin. That they are patri- 
 otic people is universally admitted, and their bravery 
 in war and disregard of life in the defense of their 
 country are facts of world-wide knowledge. 
 
 Eeligions op Japan. 
 
 Shintoism is described by a Japanese writer as “a 
 mixture of that nature worship which is so common 
 among uncivilized races, and the worship of ancestors, 
 esiiecially of some chiefs or heroes.” Shintoism was 
 made the national religion in 18G8. There are com- 
 paratively few Shinto temples, but numerous shrines. 
 
 Buddhism is the most powerful of the religions in 
 Japan. It was introduced into the empire about the 
 close of the sixth century. Many Buddhist temples 
 are massive structures, and the temple service is con- 
 ducted with impressive formality. 
 
 Confucianism, like Shintoism, is more of an ethical 
 and political policy than a religion, but it has great 
 influence among the Japanese. 
 
12 
 
 In the Mikado’s Empire. 
 
 Japan (Jpened. 
 
 *Marco Polo, tlie great Veuetiaii traveler, gave the 
 first accoiiut of Japan, following a visit to the island 
 a little over six hundred years ago. He wrote : 
 “Zipango is an island toward the east, in the high 
 .seas, 1,500 miles distant from the continent, and a very 
 great island it is.” The first European to reach Japan 
 was a PortngTie.se mariner, Mendez Pinto, who was 
 driven to the island by a storm. 
 
 The Country Closed and Unclosed. 
 
 After the terrible persecution following the intro- 
 duction of Christianity into Japan by Francis Xavier 
 and his successors, Japan was closed to the outer 
 world for 230 years. Several unsnccessfnl attempts 
 were made to open the country. It remained for Com- 
 modore Perry, as a representative of the United States, 
 to o]>en the doors of the Sunrise Kingdom. On the 
 ISth of July, 1S53, Commodore Perry dropped anchor 
 in the gulf of Yeddo, the harbor of Yokohama. He 
 declined to go to Nagasaki, as the Japanese directed. 
 
In the Mikado’s Empire. 
 
 13 
 
 and thus make a humiliating approach. The commo- 
 dore, by quiet and resolute courtesy, dually prevailed, 
 and a noble of high rank was sent to receive the letter 
 of our government. It is a matter of history how in 
 due time the country was opened, treaties were made, 
 and the edicts against Christianity removed, which 
 brings us to the beginning of the modern history of 
 Japan. 
 
 Important Cities. 
 
 For a thousand years the history of Japan centered 
 about Kyoto, the once sacred capital, where the em- 
 perors resided from 704 A.D. to 1808 A. I). The Jap- 
 anese sometimes mention this city by a name meaning 
 “Western Capital,” thus distinguishing it from Tokyo, 
 the “Eastern Capital.” The population of Kyoto is 
 in the neighborhood of 400,000. The situation is espe- 
 cially beautiful. A circle of mountains surrounds the 
 the city, excejtt to the south, where there is a rich 
 plain. Kyoto is the seat of a large number of 
 great temples. The Kamo Kiver, dividing the city in 
 
 Bronze Horse at Kotahira. 
 
 Worshiped by thousands of people each month of the year. 
 
14 
 
 In the Mikado’s Empire. 
 
 two parts, is spanned by several long bridges. One of 
 the interesting sights to the traveler is the large number 
 of citizens who, Avith their families and friends, spend 
 appropriate hours of the day in booths located on the dry 
 places in the riA-er bed. They enjoy themselves sip- 
 ping tea, or sake, eating fruit, smoking and conversa- 
 tion. The importance of Kyoto as a city Avas lost 
 when the cajatal Avas removed to Tokyo in 1808. 
 MTiile the residences occupied by nobles and officials 
 Avere demolished, the old Imperial Palace still re- 
 mains. The palace is occupied by the Emperor 
 Avhen he visits tlie city. The establishment of niauii- 
 factories for the making of silk, embroidery, ix)rce- 
 laiu, Avorks of art, etc., has brought to the city a dif- 
 ferent and more substantial prosjierity. That Avhich 
 gives greatest importance for the mention of Kyoto in 
 this sketch is that coming doAvu from the remote cen- 
 turies it has been the center of the nation’s religious life. 
 Mr. Cary, in describing this feature of the city, says: 
 *“Roth Buddhist and Shinto temples are numerous. 
 The magnificent new temple of the Shin sect of Budd- 
 liists is a conspicuous object in the city. In the 
 suburbs and all along the hills which surround Kyoto 
 are many temples. Their grounds, especially those 
 Avhich include groA’es on the hillsides, are both exten- 
 siA-e and beautiful. Some are like parks, some are 
 laid out as gardens — admirable specimens of Japanese 
 landscape gardening — and in all of them the people, 
 Avho are great loA^ers of nature, find abundant pleasure 
 and delight.” 
 
 Tokyo, compared Avith Kyoto, is a modern city. 
 With the beginning of the restoration [»eriod in 1868 
 it became the seat of the Imperial (Tovernment, and 
 
 ’“Japan and Its Regeneration.” 
 
Ix THE Mikado’s Empire. 
 
 15 
 
 At a Japanese Inn. 
 
 the old name of Yedo was cliaiif>ed to Tokyo. The 
 population of the oitv is in the neighborhood of 
 000. A Shognn's castle of the olden time is now the 
 site of the new Imiierial Palace, with its beaut ifnl ])ark 
 adjoining. Sjianning one of the niinierons canals 
 which cross the city, the famous liridge of Japan — 
 Xihon liaslii — is built, from which all distances in the 
 empire are measured. The old bridge, a very unat- 
 tractive structure, has in later days been replaced by a 
 fine stone structure. Tokyo is not only the educa- 
 tional center of Jaiian, having the Ini]>erial Eniversity 
 and other large schools, Imt is also the center at which 
 are located a number of the large Christian eiluca- 
 tional institutions that have been established by mis- 
 sionaries. 
 
 Yokohama, now an important I'ity, forty years ago 
 was a small fishing village. Its location on an excel- 
 
16 
 
 In the Mikado’s Empire. 
 
 lout hai'boi" eighteen miles li'oiii Tokyo lia.s made it a 
 large port of entry. iS’early all vessels going to 
 Jajian Irom the west sail via Vokohama, thence to 
 Kobe and on to China, etc. 
 
 Osaka. 
 
 Osaka is another of the large cities of Japan. It 
 is located about thirty miles from Kol>e, on the rail- 
 way line from Tokyo. It is the second largest city in 
 Japan, with a population of over a million peojjle. 
 On account of the numerous canals which completely 
 intersect the city, it has been called the “Venice of 
 Japan.” It is a great industrial center. The city is 
 surrounded by a belt of factories, which turn out a 
 large variety of goods. ]\Iany of the buildings are 
 large, and, in their eiiuipment. compare favorably with 
 the factory buildings of our own country. 
 
 A Missionary Company. Over the Mountians in Jinrikishas. 
 
In the Mikado's Empire. 
 
 17 
 
 The cities brielly described in the previous para- 
 graph, with other cities of which lack of space will not 
 permit a description being given, have an important 
 bearing on mission work in the empire. A further de- 
 scription of important centers will be limited to the 
 cities and towns where the Presbyterian Church, U. 
 S., has mission stations. 
 
 First Missionary Offerings. 
 
 Mr. Carey, in his book on “Japan,’’ gives an inter- 
 esting account of the tirst oti'ering of money for mis- 
 sionary work in ihe Sunrise Kingdom; “About the 
 year 1827 a Christian merchant, residing in Brookline, 
 Mass., invited a few friends to meet at his house, that 
 they might pray for the conversion of the world. At 
 the tirst meeting, when it was proposed that a contri- 
 bution be made, the (]uestion arose about how the 
 money should be used. On the table was a Japanese 
 basket that had been brought from the East by one of 
 the merchant’s ships. Taking it in his hand, he pro- 
 l>osed that they contribute money for missionary work 
 in Japan. The proposal, which seems strange Avhen 
 we remember what was then the condition of Japan, 
 was adopted. In a few years over .f6(M) had been col- 
 lected, and by the time the American Board commenced 
 its work in Japan, this money, which had been com- 
 mitted to its care, amounted, with accrued interest, to 
 over .f4,000.” 
 
 The Beginning of Prescyterian Missions. 
 
 An interesting item in the history of Presbyterian 
 Mis.sions in Japan is the fact that Rev. J. Leighton 
 Wilson, while Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of 
 
18 
 
 In the Mikado’s Empire. 
 
 Japanese Pastor and Family. 
 
 Foreign Mission.s in \e\v York, liad as liis family 
 liliysioian and intimate friend, Kev. James C. Heji- 
 bnrn, M.D., and that as a result of this relatioushii), 
 l»rohably, Di-. and Mrs. ne])bnrn were appointed as 
 the first missionaries of the Presbyterian Church in 
 Japan, in 185b. The continnation of the friendly 
 relations of these two eminent men no doubt espe- 
 cially interested Fr. Wilson in Japan when he became 
 Secretary of the Executive Committee of Foreign Mis- 
 sions at the organizati(m of the Presbyterian Church, 
 T". S. Tlie first ajtpeal coming to onr church for mis- 
 sionaries in Jajian came from Pev. E. I>. Inslee, onr 
 jdoneer missionary to China. Writing fi'om Xaga- 
 saki, no doubt after he had com})leted his travels in 
 Japan and rvas about to sail for China, he said: “Can 
 yon not induce some of yonr young men and women 
 to come into this field, to hel]» in the evangelization 
 
In the Mikado^s Empire. 
 
 19 
 
 of these benighted heathen? Tell them that Japan 
 lies just by the wayside that leads to heaven — the 
 most beantifnl land in the world — and is as near the 
 city of onr Great King as any on the globe. Its 
 fields are white unto the harvest; therefore press them 
 to come and put in their sickles, that they may reap 
 part of the glorious fruits.” There was no lack of 
 interest, but there was lack of funds, which accounts 
 for the fact that eighteen years ]iassed by after the 
 letter of Hr. Inslee was received before oui- first mis- 
 sionaries were sent to the SSunrise Kingdom. In De- 
 cember, 1SS5, Kev. It. 15. Grinnan and Kev. It. E. Hc- 
 Alpine became our pioneer missionaries to Japan, their 
 outgoing being made possible by the offerings of the 
 Women’s ^Missionary Society of the Grand Avenue 
 Presbyterian Church of St. Louis, supplemented by 
 other gifts. 
 
 Kev. J. H. Ballagh, a veteran missionary in Japan, 
 had earnestly requested that our church .send mission- 
 aries to the field, and therefore when the two brethren 
 arrived in Yokohama they had the valuable counsel 
 of a man thoroughly acquainted with the general needs 
 and opportunity for the opening of work at the most 
 advantageous jioint. Two cities were visited — Na- 
 goya, on the island of Hondo, and Kochi, on the island 
 of Shikoku. In view of the fact that there was a 
 remarkable interest in Christianity and a number of 
 converts in the latter city, the first work was opened 
 there in January, 1SS6. That there was a providen- 
 tial leading in the opening of the work in Kochi is now 
 evident, as from this beginning it has come to pass that 
 nearly the entire island of Shikoku, a great and in- 
 creasingly important field, has become a jiart of the 
 territory included in our Jajtan ^Mission. 
 
20 
 
 In the Mikado’s Empire. 
 
 At Kochi, among those iuterested in Christianity 
 were a number of intluential men, and a church had 
 been organized about six months before the arrival of 
 our missionaries. As an indication of the difficulties 
 encountered in these early days, on account of the fact 
 that foreigners were not allowed to live outside the 
 treaty ports unless employed by the Japanese, and 
 Kochi not being a treaty imrt, the missionaries ar- 
 ranged to give instruction in English in the schools, 
 supported by influential men of the city. Mr. Grin- 
 nan having married, the three missionaries constituted 
 the little baud that in the name of the Lord of the har- 
 vest began a great work on the populous island of Shi- 
 koku. In response to urgent appeals and the evidently 
 open door in Japan, missionary reinforcements were sent 
 as rapidlj" as workers and their support could be secured. 
 Our flrst church building in connection with the Japan 
 Mission was erected in Kochi in 1887, three-fourths of 
 the contributions being made by the Japanese Chris- 
 lians. 
 
 A Japanese Family at home. 
 
In the Mikado’s Empire. 
 
 21 
 
 OUE 3IISSI0N STATIONS. 
 
 In giving- a sketch of the stations of oiir Japan 
 Mission they will be taken up in geographical order. 
 
 Xagoya. 
 
 Nagoya, opened in the tall of 1887, was the second 
 of oiir stations opened in Japan. Nagoya, an interior 
 city of Japan, is located on the main line of railway 
 extending from Tokyo to Kobe, and thence to Shinio- 
 noseki. It is the fourth largest city in the country. 
 It is an important business and military center and is 
 noted for its porcelain factories. The hne Imperial 
 Castle is a well-preserved structure, testifying of the 
 times long since passed away. 
 
 Nagoya is the center of an extensive held work in 
 the surrounding country. The last report mentions, 
 in addition to the limited amount of work the mis- 
 sionaries can do, that six evangelists have been placed 
 in the country districts. It is gratifying to note that 
 one of the graduates from our Kobe Theological Semi- 
 nary is doing a splendid work at Gifu, an out-station 
 some twenty-live miles from Nagoya. 
 
 Gf the outlook of the Nagoya held, the report of 
 the Japan Mission for 1!J12 says: “The future is ‘full 
 of promise,’ but humanly speaking, a great deal of the 
 present outlook must ever remain mere ‘promise,’ 
 unless our forces are greatly multiplied. The great 
 city of Nagoya has only three male missionaries of 
 all denominations, and one of these is largely engaged 
 
22 
 
 In the Mikado^s Empire. 
 
 Beggars in Temple Grounds. 
 
 ill seliool work. Yet this city has a population, accord- 
 ing' lo the government statistics tor of Ki.j.IHlO 
 
 people, and all the extensive countryside has not a 
 missionary of any description, and yet there is a iiopn- 
 lation of at least a million in the surrounding coun- 
 try that we are trying to work from Xagoya as a 
 center. There must be in Xagoya and the surround- 
 ing country a population of about 500,000 to each male 
 missionary." 
 
 There are two Presbyterian churches in Xagoya, 
 and a street chapel. The last Annual Eeport (1012) 
 indicates that notwithstanding some great difficulties 
 arising from opposition to Christianity in high places, 
 good progress is being made. The oldest educational 
 work we have in dai»an is the Xagoya dirls’ School. 
 This was established by Mrs. Kaudol])h, who in 1888 
 was coiniielled, on account of ill-health, to give up her 
 work in the Girls' School in Hangchow, China. Soon 
 
Tn the Mikado’s Empire. 
 
 23 
 
 Nagoya Girls’ School Banner. 
 
 after her arrival in -Tajiaii she laid the foiiiidatiDii for 
 our Nagoya (Jirls’ School. (>f this srhool Itev. K. Ih 
 iMcAljiiiie writes: “Our Nagoya Oirls' Scdiool is the 
 last work in the life of iMrs. Haudolph. For lier sake 
 we should firiiily establish it. For the sake of the 
 work it has thus far aceoiujilished, we should plare it 
 upon a sound basis; its graduates are foimd in ])lares 
 of iinportaiiee, as wives of pastors, sehool-teachers, 
 IJihle workers, Christian woiiieii in the cominunities ; 
 everywhere they are faithful and valuable women for 
 witness-hearing’ for the Master.” 
 
 The contributions of the Sunday schools two years 
 ago to the Nagoya Girls’ School building fund 
 amounted to about •flO,()()(l. With this fund plans 
 have been made and the building, greatly needed for 
 many years, is in process of erection. The new build- 
 ing will meet all the demands required by law, and the 
 standard of the school will be greatly advanced. 
 
24 
 
 In the Mikado’s Empire. 
 
 Graduates of schools haviug “goverument recognition” 
 may become instructors in the public schools of Japan, 
 and when our Nagoya Girls’ School secures this recog- 
 nition it will be a great step toward being able to place 
 Christian teachers not only in our mission schools, 
 but ill other positions of influence. The following 
 paragrajih from the last Annual Eeport testifies to the 
 Christian sjiirit of the school : “The Christian atmos- 
 phere is good. All of the older girls are Christians 
 except four. The weekly prayer meeting is conducted 
 by one of the Christian girls and attended by all. 
 They are made to feel it is their meeting, and almost 
 every one takes part in some small way. I notice they 
 are more fearless in prayer, as they often pray for a 
 girl or a teacher, Avho are not Christians, by name, and 
 that is a marked improvement. The Christian girls 
 teach in three Sunday schools. Our graduates are 
 gradually widening their influence. We liaA^e three 
 girls Avorking in Formosa and one in Korea. All are 
 doing good Avork.” 
 
 Okazaki. 
 
 Okazaki is a city of considerable importance, Avith 
 a population of about 15,(100, about tAA’enty-live miles 
 southeast of Nagoya. It is an old “castle town.” It 
 is noted as the birthi)lace of a Japanese family which 
 exercised supreme control over Jajian for about 250 
 years. Buddhism is jKAAverful and aggressiA^e in the 
 city and surrounding country. The station Avas 
 opened in 1800, and Avhile there has not been remark- 
 able 1 ‘esults in the number of baptisms, there has been 
 a (piiet and forceful Avork. 
 
In the Mikado’s Empiue. 
 
 25 
 
 Toyohasiii. 
 
 The mission station fovmei-ly located at Okazaki 
 has been moved to Toyohashi, about an hone's eaihvay 
 journey into the interior. At Toyohashi land has been 
 purchased and paid for and the Christians have made 
 liberal contribntions toward a fnnd tor a church bnild- 
 ing', which it is hoped will be erected in the near fnture. 
 I'A'angelistic services are condneted at three points in 
 the city, and there are a number of ont-stations Avhere 
 regular services are maintained. An interesting item 
 in connection with this held is that in a number of vil- 
 lages in the heart of the mountains llev. J. II. Ballagh 
 began work many years ago — a held which lias now 
 been tnrned over to onr Japan Mission. 
 
 Kobe. 
 
 Kobe, as with other of onr stations mentioned 
 above, is on the island of Hondo, about twenty-two 
 miles west of Osaka. It is one of the most hoiirish- 
 ing cities of the empire. Though comparatively a 
 new city it has a population of some 250,(100. It has 
 a hue harbor and an extensive foreign trade and is 
 growing rapidly, both in Imsiness importance and 
 population. Kobe is considered the most healthful 
 city in Ja]>an. With its excellent harbor and steeji 
 monntains the city presents a very attractive aiipear- 
 ance, especially from vessels as they enter the harlior. 
 
 (Jnr work in Kobe consists of three organized 
 churches, with chapel work, and in addition several 
 jniints in the city at which evangelistic services are 
 conducted regularly. The conimnnicants nnmlier (iOo, 
 as given in the statistics of 1911. The wives of the 
 missionaries, assisted by Japanese Cliristian women, 
 have carried on a successful work among the Avonien 
 
26 
 
 In the Mikado’s Empire, 
 
 Kindergarten. Kobe. 
 
 and organized and conducted kindergarten schools. 
 
 ( )nr largest work, i)oth in the ainonnt of money in- 
 vested and in value to the cause of missions in Japan, 
 is fhe Kobe Theological Seminary. Our missionaries 
 in Jajian realized the necessity ol' a thorough evangel- 
 ical and well-trained ministry, and with the approval 
 of the hixecutive Committee organized tlie Theological 
 Seminary at Kobe. In this institution a regular 
 course of theological study is in-ovided, and also a 
 course of study for evangelists and Ilible Avorkers. A 
 nundter of valuable men have already been graduated 
 from the seminary and are preaching the gospel to 
 their own jK'Ojtle with great blessing. In the last 
 aAuiilable Annual Eeport li'.Hl) a missionary Avrites : 
 “The Theological School has been full to overtloAving 
 this year, and a cordial, harmonious S]urit has pre- 
 vailed among the stmlents ami teachers that has matle 
 the Avork a delight. Cur tAventy students liaA'e shoAVii 
 
In the Mikado’s Empire. 
 
 27 
 
 a steadiness and faitlit'nlness in work that is highly 
 praiseworthy. We have now in the dormitory all that 
 can be accommodated, and something will have to be 
 done to receive the additional students that will enter. 
 The students engage in active evangelistic work in the 
 city of Kobe, tsiinday schools have been opened at 
 several places, and the yoniig men find great joy in 
 their work, which at the same time is liringing the 
 knowledge of Jesns to many people, and is an excellent 
 training tor the young men." 
 
 The Theological t^eminary building is beatitifnlly 
 located, with a tine view of Kobe harlior in the front 
 and the mountains in the rear. There are three btiild- 
 ings — the seminary Imilding jiroper, tlie dormitory for 
 students and the residence for a Jai)anese instructor. 
 
 Members of Sewing Class. Kobe. 
 
28 
 
 Ix THE Mikado’s Empire. 
 
 Takamatsu. 
 
 Takamatsu is the capital city ot the itrovince of 
 t>aiuiki, situated on the iioctlieast coast of Shikoku 
 Island. It is reached by about a six hours' A'oyage 
 by steamer across the Inland Sea from Kobe. The 
 city, with a popubition of about 40,(100, is beautifully 
 located and has many handsome public buildings. 
 The (•hief pi'oducts of the surrounding country are 
 salt, rice and sugar. Takamatsu was opened as a 
 station in ISO:!. In this city there is an organized, 
 self-supi)orting I’resbyterian church, with a native 
 pastor. The missionaries have opened a number of 
 chapels where preaching is regularly maintained and 
 where Sunday schools are conducted. Our station 
 work at Takamatsu has made favorable progress. The 
 total number of ba])tisms at the out-stations and 
 chai*els, not including the organized church, numbered 
 forty -eight last year. 
 
 Tokushima. 
 
 Tokushima, also on the island of Shikoku, has a 
 ])o]mlation of 70,(ltM.) people. It is at the mouth of the 
 Yoshino Ibiver, the largest river in the island. Ilice 
 and other products are found, but the main article of 
 commerce is indigo. At this station there is a self- 
 supporting I’resbytei'ian church cvith a native pastor. 
 A large work is done by the women missionaric^s in the 
 Suinlay schools of the surrounding villages and towns. 
 The rich valleys through which the Yoshino Ivii’er 
 Hows contains a large pojmlation. In this field and in 
 the mountains onr missionaries do an extensive itin- 
 eraiing work, traveling on their bicycles or on foot. 
 The great need of this station, as also in other sta- 
 tions, is an increased number of missionaries with a 
 
In the Mikado’s Empire. 
 
 29 
 
 larger iiiiiiiber of evangelists who can labor under the 
 direction of the missionaries in reaching the hundreds 
 of thousands of people who have, so far, been without 
 the gospel message. 
 
 A Heavy Load. 
 
 Kochi. 
 
 As has been stated, the first work of onr Jajiau 
 Mission was at Kochi, the capital of the Tosa Province, 
 with a population of some 40,1)00. I( is situated on 
 the eastern coast of Shikoku Island, at the head of a 
 beautiful bay. Pice, wheat and vegetables of various 
 kinds are cultivated in the rich plains adjoining the 
 city. While most of Tosa Province is nionntainoiis, 
 there are many fertile ]>lains and valleys where rice, 
 sugar, sweet potatoes, oranges and other fruits are 
 grown. In this province there are no missionaries 
 other than those of onr Southern Presbyterian Chnrcb, 
 whose work includes a pojmlation of 000, OOP people. 
 In Kochi there is a large self-supporting Presbyterian 
 church, with a native pastor. In the immediate 
 charge of the missionaries is the Eirls’ School, in 
 
30 
 
 In the Mikado’s Empire. 
 
 Miiich there were six graduates last year. A remark- 
 able work in oonuectiou with the Kochi station is the 
 liible class composed of old ladies, who for a long 
 jieriod of time have been studying the Jlible in courses, 
 beginning with Genesis. At the last report they had 
 reached the G4th Psalm, not having omitted a cliapter 
 in the course. In addition to the work of the mis- 
 sionaries at the central station there is an excellent 
 Sunday school and chaiiel work in another part of the 
 city. 
 
 SUSAKI. 
 
 On the southeast coast of Shikoku Island, some 
 twenty-five miles by land from the city of Kochi, is 
 the city of Siisaki, with a population of 1.5,000 inhab- 
 itants. It is beautifully situated on a little land- 
 locked harhor, where many a temjiest-tossed mariner 
 has found safety. The Siisaki held has a population 
 of some 2(50,000, in which we have had only one mis- 
 sionary, Avith his family, and a limited number of 
 native workers. 
 
 A missionary in writing of the work in a particii 
 lar field expresses the need of the entire -Jai»an iMis- 
 sion. lie says: "We need more native evangelists. 
 IVe need cha])el luiildings of our own, as the rented 
 buildings are small and incoinenient. We need mis- 
 sionaries, for it is imjiossible for the force on the field 
 to do the work. M e need at least twice vhe nnniher of 
 evangelists we now have. M'ith all our needs we 
 thank the Lord of the haiwesr for his blessing and pray 
 that we may see still greater progress during the com- 
 
In the Mikado’s Empire. 
 
 31 
 
 Some .Japanese Facts. 
 
 In 1872 foiri<>ii inissou work could be ojieiily ]»rose- 
 CTited for the first time in the history of the country. 
 
 Tlie first Christian church was organized in Yoko- 
 hama in 1872. 
 
 In 188!) missionaries could travel in the interior 
 without a passport; prior to that date a passport Avas 
 necessary. ^lissionaries can now travel in all parts 
 of the empire. 
 
 It is a constitutional right that -Japanese citizens 
 may believe any religion. 
 
 The population in l!)il numbered 52,00(),t)00. 
 
 While a niimber of large centers have been occupied, 
 the greater jtart of the jM)])nlation is niitoiiched with 
 the gosi>el. 
 
 According to the latest obtainable statistics, there 
 are in .Jajian 108,!)78 Shinto temples and shrines; 10!),- 
 .53!) Itnddhist tenijtles and shrines. 
 
 According to the statistics of ]:)()!) there are !)3,573 
 Shinto priests and ]»reachers and 123, 13>!) Buddhist 
 priests and preachers. 
 
 According to the statistics of 1!)11 there are !)5,00() 
 Protestant Christians in .Japan. The total number 
 of missionaries. wiA'es included, is 1,200. 
 
 There are 2,100 .Ja[)anese jireachers, evangelists 
 and Bible women. \\'ell informed missionaries give 
 as a conservative estimate the statement that less 
 that two ]H*r cent of the population have been evangel- 
 ized, and that only eighteen per cent of the entire 
 poi»niation have bemi in any way touched by the gos- 
 pel, the remaining eighty-two ]K‘r cent a wholly nn- 
 evangeliz-ed population. "The woi-k is great and 
 large.” 
 
32 
 
 In the Mikaho’s Empire. 
 
 Inventory of I*roperty. 
 
 The value ol the mission in-oi>erty of the Presbyte- 
 rian (’hnreh, U. S., in .lapan, according to reports 
 obtained in the iattei” part of is as follows: 
 
 Nagoya: A school bnilding and lot. Value... 7,50tl 
 This does not include the new bnilding now in 
 ])rocess of erection, to cost about fl0,0b0. 
 
 Kobe: A residence on a leased lot is 
 
 valued at |1,2U0 
 
 The Theological i^eminary bnilding. 5,000 
 Land 3,000 
 
 Total 0,200 
 
 Toyohashi : At this station the residence and 
 lot are valued at •>3,200, and a lot for a 
 
 chajiel, .'jfoOO. Total -S 3,700 
 
 Takamatsu : Two residences and land 5,000 
 
 Tokushima: Total value of two residences and 
 
 land 5,000 
 
 Kochi: Eesidences and lots, .^3,300; school 
 building, teachers' residence and lots, 
 
 .‘1^4,000. Total 7,300 
 
 The total value of the ])roperty of the -lapan 
 
 IMission is -^38,300 
 
 The value of the prujierty paid for and owned by 
 the -Tapanese church is .83.0,000. 
 
 The values given at the stations are the cost of the 
 jiroperty. In a numlier of cases the land has in- 
 creased in value, and the buildings could not now be 
 erected at the original cost owing to the increase in 
 the value of material and labor. 
 
CHOICE BOOKS 
 
 For Missionary Libraries 
 
 Introduction to the Study of Missions — T. C. Johnson, D.D SO. 60 
 
 Evangelical Invasion of Brazil — S. R. Gammon, D.D .75 
 
 “In Four Continents,” F. M. Text Book for 1912— H. F. Williams— paper, 35c.: 
 
 cloth .50 
 
 The Light of the World— F. M., Text Book for 1912 — Speer — paper, 35c.: cloth 50 
 
 Decisive Hour of Missions — F. M. Text Book for 1912 — Mott — paper, 35e.: cloth .. .50 
 
 Conservation of National Ideals — H. M. Text Book for 1912 — paper, 35c.: cloth 50 
 
 The Call of the Home Land — H. M. Text Book for 1912 — paper, 35c.: cloth .50 
 
 At Our Own Door — H. M. Text Book for 1912 — paper, 35c.: cloth .50 
 
 Western Women in Eastern Lands — paper, 35c.: cloth .50 
 
 Men and Missions — W. T. Ellis .75 
 
 The Foreign Missionary — ^A. J. Brown, D.D.: limp cloth 75 
 
 The Healing of the Nations — paper ^ .40 
 
 Lights and Shadows in the Far East — S. H. Chester, D.D .60 
 
 Missionary Heroines in Eastern Lands— cloth 65 
 
 Lady Missionaries in Foreign Lands — cloth .65 
 
 Life of Henry Marty n — cloth .65 
 
 Life of Dr. Grenfell — cloth 65 
 
 Life of Robert Morrison — cloth 65 
 
 Life of David Livingston — cloth. .65 
 
 Life of William Carey — cloth .65 
 
 The Unfinished Task — Dr. Barton .50 
 
 Report of Edinburgh Missionary Conference — 1 Vol , 1.00 
 
 Unoccupied Fields— Dr. Zwemer 50 
 
 Growth of the Missionary Concept — Dr. Goucher .75 
 
 The Challenge of the City — Josiah Strong — paper, 35c.: cloth .50 
 
 Christianity’s Storm Center — Chas. Stelzle — paper, 35c.: cloth .50 
 
 Citizens of To-Morrow — Guernsey — cloth 50 
 
 The Frontier — Platt — paper, S.'c.: cloth .50 
 
 The Working Man and Social Problems — Stelzle — cloth .75 
 
 The Galax Gatherers — Edw. O. Guerrant — cloth... 1.00 
 
 FOR YOUNG REPtDBRS: 
 
 Best Things in America — paper .25 
 
 The Finding-Out Club — paper 25 
 
 Coming Americans — paper .25 
 
 The Call of the Waters — paper .35 
 
 Home Mission Handicraft — paper .50 
 
 Child Life Series — Mexicans, Indians, etc. — each .10 
 
 The H^piest Girl in Korea — cloth , .60 
 
 Topsy-'Turvy Land — cloth 76 
 
 Winners of the World for Twenty Centuries — cloth .60 
 
 Uganda’s White Man of Work — cloth .50 
 
 Foreign Mission Stories — by Grandma Bright.. .15 
 
 Home Mission Stories — by Grandma Bright .15 
 
 ADDRESS ALL ORDERS TO 
 
 Presbyterian Committee of Publication 
 
 RICHMOND, VA. TEXARKANA, ARK. -TEXAS