MASTER NEGA TIVE NO. 92-80496 MICROFILMED 1992 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES/NEW YORK as part of the "Foundations of Western Civilization Preservation Project" Funded by the NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia University Library COPYRIGE[T STATEMENT The copyright law of the United States - Title 17, United States Code - concerns the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material... Columbia University Library reserves the right to refuse to accept a copy order if, in its judgement, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of the copyright law. AUTHOR: UTROPIUS TITLE: EUTROPII HISTORIAE ANAE BREVIARIUM... FI ACE: NEW YORK DA TE : 1805 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT Master Negative # BIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARHFT Original Material as Filmed - Existing Bibliographic Record 87EviO 0E05 Eutroplus. Previarium. 1605. Ehitropius . eBreviaritun. English St LatD.na Eutropii liistoriae itonanae broviarium, cum versione Anglica ... or, ^-^ll^^^^L^^^^^fZl History of Rome, together with ar Encli^ trans lallon ... by John Clarke ... 3d American ed. rov. and cor. by Samuel Rudd ... New York, printed for Svort Duyckinck, 100I>. 176 p. 18 cm. Restrictions en Use: y TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA FILM SIZE: l.Z.CUd!} IMAGE PLACEMENT: lA IIA DATE FILMED: ^ /?/) % HLMEDBY: RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS. INC VVOODDRIDGE. CT IB IIB REDUCTION RATIO:. INITIALS ^^_ .—/U. n Association for information and image iManagement 1100 Wayne Avenue, Suite 1100 Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 301/587-8202 Centimeter 12 3 4 milimlmJimlM^ Uil m TTT 5 6 7 8 iiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiliniliiii TTTl] 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 mm iiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiln 11 I TTT TTT jmMnmmmm Inches 1.0 I.I 1.25 IIIIIM 2.8 III ^-^ y£ 1^ IIP-' 2.2 ■ 63 180 1^ 1^ 2.0 IS. lA U Biiau 1.8 1.4 1.6 MflNUFnCTURED TO RUM STPNOflRDS BY PPPLIED IMfiGEp INC. n iT.iM> ift-rjr„j(t .^IwT. '■ r IrJ waAirKiliHUik^- IBW' •- ^«h "^' - • ■ c ,*■«■. iCIu -rf * i.iv«cr!- •^7 7 ; ■ r t.»»»-**»t ^ ^1 if- f •i ■-V ; *» ;€ : li- ft , %7 Columbia Winibtviit^ inti)t €itp of ^etti j^ovk LIBRARY • ; ' !l EUTROPII • • • Historian Romanae Breviarium; CUM VERSIONE ANGLICA, IN QUA VERBUM DE VERBO EXPRIMITUR • NOTIS QUOQUE &f INDiCE: ' EUTROPIUS' COMPENDIOUS HISTORY OF ROME, TOGETHER WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION, AS LITERAL AS POSSIBLE, NOTES AND AN INDEX. BY JOHN CLARKE, Author of the Essays upon Education and Study, THIRD jiMERICAJ\r EDITION'. itevwd and corrected by SAMUEL RUDD, A, B. Teacher, NEW-YORK: PRINTED FOR EVERT DUYCKINCK, NO, no, PEARL'STREET^ 1805. PREFACE. A HE title page has already informed the reader that the following translation of Eutropius is a literal one, in which, if he knows any thing of the Latin tongue, he will not look for polite elegant language, since that is altogether impossible in this way of translation, was i otherwise ever so capable of it. The manner of expression in the two languages differs as widely, as perhaps, it is possible the phrase of two languages should do ; and therefore all a man can do in the case, is to guard against downright impropriety and absolute barbarity, which how well 1 have done, the reader must judge. The different genius of the language has obliged me, here and there, to take a little liberty ; but it is so small, that the translatiou answers the design, as iiiJly and effectually as if it was strictly literal, i have likewise found it necessary, sometimes, for clearing the sense, or mending my Eng- lish, to insert words, which have none to answer them in the original r These, to prevent the difficulty they might otherwise occasion to young boys, are all along put in a different character. The usefulness of such sort of translations of the easier classics is so exceedingly evident, that no one, who will but give himself the trouble of considering the matter a little, can fail, I should think, of seeing it. I shall not, therefore, so far distrust the reader's understanding, as to add any thing to what has already been said upon the subject of the great usefulness and necessity of these translations. 1 have translated this author as highly proper to be read in our schools, upon a double account. First, as he is one of the easiest au- thors in the Latin tongue ; and secondly, as he gives us a pretty good comp«nd or abridgment of the Roman story, down from the building of the city, to the death of Jovian^ that is for the term of about 1100 yeai-s. And as the history of Greece and Rome is absolutely necessary for a scholar, because of the frequent hints and allusions thereto in the most valuable performances of the learned, both ancient and modern, I see not how our schools can well be without this author. We have no where else so much of the Roman history in so short a compass ; with- out a good acquaintance with which, Virgil, Horace and Juvenal, can never be tolerably understood. Notes that explain the passages, where the Roman story is touched upon, will never do the business effectually, but be quickly forgot, unless the reader has a good general plan or view of the Roman history in his head before hand. Those masters would do well to consider of this, that hurry poor children on to the reading of those sublime and difficult author?, without the least preparation of that kind ; the infallible consequence of whi<:h wise method of procetding is, that the boys uev cr understand them as they should do. 380tE0 PREFACE; Th9ugb it requires no great penetration, I think, to see the reason, ableness of what I have advanced ; yet I have known this piece of folly carried to such a height, that the poor boy« have been strictly fortid th« use of any notes whatsoever upon Juvenal*s satires (the very nature and design of which kind of poetry oftentimes necessarily involves it in obscurity) though- they had not read so much as a line in any ane classic author of the Roman history. The person guilty of this strange oversight was a man of some note in the world, and pretended therem, as I remember, to follow the example of Dr. Bdsby. But if the Doctor thought notes upon that author useless to-his scholais, he surely tw^k care before jhe entered them, to bring them pretty w.;ll acquainted with the history and antiquities of Romey together with tlie heathen my tbol(^y: Or else, I may venture to say, he never had a scholar m his hfe, that could any where make out twenty lines togs- ther, without his help : If he could, I am sure he most have been a «onjuror. Good dictionaries, indeed, might give them some relief; but those would not go far, nor do the business half so effectually as a previous acquaintance with the antiquities, history and mythology. Nay, even with all that apparatus for the reading of Juvenal, goc'd notes are absolutely necessary for the perfect, easy, expeditious un- derstanding of that difficult authoF. it is the business of the master to make all things as easy as possibhs and not to fiigbten youth from books and study, by putting unnecest* «ary difiiculties upon them. The not attending duly to this grand principle of education, but rather affecting a quite contrary conducit, and forcing them, by the terror of the lash, to haimner out their busii- neas in a |>oor bungling manner by themselves, has been the occasioj» that many, who have run through our schools, and whose business ija the world requnes they should be scholars, have but a very sorry pit- tance of learaiog to support that character. It is my intention here, and in my other performances of this kind, to remedy, as much as lies in me, this crying, this intolerable grievance; and if I can be s» happy in the execution of this my design, as to giie satisfaction t» the learned and judicious, 1 have my end, the very utmost of my am- bition, and sbaH think myself amply rewarded in their favour and approbation for all my pains. > This is now the second classic author I have published with this view, I call him a classic author ; for though he lived in times when the Latin tongue was very much upon the decline, yet he has so well imitated the style of the purer ages, excepting some few passages, that he has, by the learned, been allowed a place in that number. All I have foj ther to say, is to adveitise the reader that the account: •f EuTBOPius, by Gerard Vossius is not literally translated, because not inserted here for the reading of boys io the school, by way of it-ssoo. GERARD VOSSIUS' ACCOUNT OF EUTROPIUS. E, fUTROPIUS, sophis- ta Italus, ut eum vocat Suidas, cum alia, quae- dam eodem teste, turn Breviarium scripsit re- rum Romanorum ab urbe condita usque ad Flavi- um Valentem Augus- tum cui & opus suum di- cavit. Militasse se ait sub Juliano, atque expedi- tion! ejus in Persas inter- fuisse : Quo Sc perti- nent verba Gcorgii Codi- ni in selectis de origini- bus Constantinopolitanis, ubi sic scribit, EuT^oTri®- Lau- dat vero eum tcstem in rebus Constantini Mag- ni, qua oculis suis vidisse cum ait. Atque ex his pa- tet errorPtolemaei, & hu- jus se auctoritate tuentis Raphelis Volaterrani,qiii Etjnopium hunc fuisse putarunt discipulum Bea- ti Aiigustini. Quas & sen- Untia est Uesneri^ 6c E- E UTROPIUSy an Italian sopJiistj as Suidas calls him^ wrotCy as the same author iii^ forms us J besides other things, a briej history oj the Romans from the building of the city, to the time of the Emperor Flavius Falensy to whom he also dedi-^ cated his work. He says he ser^ ved in the wars under Julian^ and went along with him in hia exfiedttion against the Persia ans: As appears likewise from the words (^George Codinusy in his select observations rela- ting to the antiquities of Con- stantino/ile, wherein he thus writes, Eutropius the sophist, who was with Julian the Apos- tate in Persia. He quotes him for the transactions of Constan* tine the Great, which he says he had seen with his own eyes, jind from henre afipears the mistake of Ptolemy, arid of Rafihael Volaterranus, who goes upon his authority^ and who fancied this Eutrofiiua to have been a disciple of St, Justin, Which is likrwixt the opinion ofGemer and of E^in^riniwt^ and of A2 vi Gerard Vossius* Account of Eutropius. singrinii, & TheodoriuZ cngeri, Theatri sui volu- mine VT. Lib. II. ad haec Possevini in Apparatu Sa- cro, atque aliorum. In er- ronemomneseos impulit> quod Gennadius, in illus- trium Virorum catalogo, Eutropiumquendam refe- rat, de quo hunc in mo- dum apud eum legilup: — * Eutropius presbyter * scripsit ad duas sorores, * ancillas Christi, quae ob * devotionem pudicitiae, & * amorem religionis ex- * haeredatsB sunt a parenti- * bus, epistolas in modurn * libellorum consolatorias * elegant! Scapertosermo- ' ne duas, non solum ra- * tione,sed eiiam testimo- * niis scripturarum muni- * tas.* Meminit autem ejus Gennadius post Au- gustinum, Orosium, & alios, Hunc illi esse bre- viarii acriptorcm credid- «runt. Scd tempora re- pugnant, cum auctor bre- viarii, Constaniini ejus- que liberorum, Juliani, Joviani, & Valentis tem- poiibus vixerit ; at non i- tem GratianiautTheodo- «ii ; saltem non Arcadii, ^ Honorii ; ut Augustino esse junior non possit. Ad lixc ille Gennadio memo- Tatus presbyter erat, at hie an Christianus fuerit, me- Jitot ambigitur ^ ^un re* Gerard Voasiun* Account of Eutropius. tIi Theodore Zuengerus^ in the 6th volume of his Theatre^ book 2, as likewise of Possevinus in his ^fiparatuB Sac er and other lu What led them all into this mistake, is, that Gennadius, in his catalogue »f illustrious men has put down one, of whom he s/ieaks in thef allowing' manner : Eutrofiiu9, afiresbyter, wrote to two sisters, handmaids qf Christ, who for their invinci- ble inclination to a life of chastity and zeal for religion^ were disinherited by their parents^ two letters ofconso^ lation, that they may well pass for two little books, in a handsome clear style, sufipor» ted not only by reason, but* quotations out of the scrip» tures,* JVow Gennadius meih, ions him after Austin, Orosius^^ and others. This they suppo- sed to be the author of the brief history. But the times wiU not allow of it, since the author of the brief history lived in the days of Constantine and his sons, of Julian, Jovian and' Valens; but not likewise inGra* tian's or Theodosius*; however notinjlrcadius* andHonorius* ; so t/tat he cannot be younger than Jiustin, Besides the per» *on mentioned by Gennadius was a presbyter ; but whether this Eutropius was a Christian is questioned, and not without reason ^mc€ Ac ^ays nothing ticeat Christianorum per- secutiones X, ac in Jovi- ano aperte ^uadeat perfi- diam. SciotssequiChris- tianuni fuisse culligant ex- inde,quod de Juliano scii- bat, Religionis Chuis- TIANJE InSECTATOR, PF- RINOE TAMJ&N UT CRU- ORE ABSTINF.RET. Scd ita quoque sc: ibere potuit gentilis, saltem qui in con- finio tenebrarum ac lucis constitutus, nee Gcnlilcm religionem probaret, nee Christians tamen nomen « dtdisset ; quales seculum ] illud habuit mulios. Sed utcumque hojc est, tempo- ra, ut vidimus, eos, refel- lunt, qui Augustino Eu- tropium faciunt juniorem. Stylum si spectes, parum est concinnus; scd hoc xtati, qua vixit tribuamus. Kes vero ipsas compendio I satis commodo, constrinx- it. Sane quanti a Grxcis fieri solebat, vel argumen- to illud erit, quod Capito historicus Lycius epito- mes Eutropii scripserit Graece ; ut Suidas docet in Imo & Simlerus, in Ap- pendice bibliothecx Ges- neri, testatur, in biblio- theca P. Pithsi extare Komanae Eutropii histo- rix. Ac video quaedam ex Paeaniohoccitari aSca- ligei'o. Compendio Eu« of the ten persecutions, and in hits account of Jovian, avow-» edly pleads for breach o/ faith» I know there are some wh9 guesi Aim to have been a Chris-, tian, from what he says about Julian, * J persecutor of the Christian religion ^ yet so as to abstain from bloocU* But a Heam then might write so, at least one who being ufion the confines of darkness and light, neither apm proved of the Pagan reltgion^ nor was yet a convert to the Christian; and such there were a great many in that age. But let that be as it will, the differ» ence in point of time, as we have already observed, sufficiently confutes those who makes £u» tropius younger than jiustin. If" you consider his style, it is not. the most elegant ; but that is thom we are not to can- found with Eutropius the gram" marian^ whom Prisciun quotes about the letters^ b. 1 . JVor with Eutropius the Physician^ men- tioned by Marcellus Empiricua in the preface to his treatise of medicines* DOMINO VALENTIy GOTHICO, Maximo, Perpeluo, AUG US TO. TotherORD FALENS;^ GOTHICK, Great, Immortal and AUGUST,* R ESRomanis, ex voluU' ' tate mansuetudinia tua, ad urbe condita ad nostram memoriam, quee in negotiia vel bellicis, vel civilibus eminebanty per ordinem temporum brevi narratione collegi, strictim odditis eti- am lis, qua in princifium vitis egregia cxstiterunt; I HAVE collected in a brief narrative,and in order of time, the Roman affairs, from the building of the city, that ap- peared the most considerable, in the transactions either of war or peace, according to the pleasure of your ♦clemen- cy, adding withal,briefly those things, which were remark*» r. This Valens was taken in by the Emperor Valentinian the first, as bis partner in the empire, in the year of Christ 364. He manaRed tl ''Z!^'' soai« time against the Goths, which was the occasion of his m\Ue Gothicus. He received a dangerous wound by an arrow in a battle «gainst the same Goths, and upon his being carried out of the field in- o a house not far off, was pursued by them, and burnt alive, together ivith the house, m the year of Christ 377. 2. The title of Augustus is equivalent to that of Emperor, it was t first given by the Senate to Octavius, the nephew and adopted soa n Juhus Caesar, and kept by the following Emperors. * This title of Mansuetudv, as well as Trunfuuita^, and several ►thers was applied to the Emperors in the same manner as his M^d^.ti/ s now to Kings. They were introduced not ion? btfoie these times •y the sordid flattery of the people, confirmed by the want of sens^ m modesty m the Emperors, who tamely sufteied them>elves to be iOdressed in such a kind of kmguage as was only proper to the Deity. hi u- •^*'*'®^ *^^ Koawns, were wholly sUacgers to any thing of DEDICATION. 4it tranquilitatis tue fiossit mens divina latari, prius se illustrium virorum facta in administrando imfierio sfquutam, quam co^osce- ret hctione* able in the lives of the Empe- rors ; fthat the divine mind of your tranquillity may rejoice to find it has followed the con* duct of illustrious men in go- verning the empire, before it was acquainted therewith by reading. f Our author makes the Emperor here but a coarse kind of com- liliment, in supposing the divine mind of his tranquillity, as he words himself, so very ignorant of the Roman history, at an age when he is capable of commanding armies, and had done it for some time against he Goths J either the Emperor, or those charged with the caie of his t«iucfttioD, must kav€ been highly to4)lame, if our author says tree. EUTROPII BREVIARIUM historije romance. LIBER L R< ^OMANUM Tmpcri. um, quo neque ab exor- dio uUum fere minus,ne- que incrementis toto orbe amplius, humana potest memoria recordari, a Ro- mulo exordium habet,qui Vestalis virginis, & (quan- tum putatus est) Martis, cum Remo fratre, uno partu editus est. Is cum inter pastores latrocina- Ti HE Roman empire^ than which the hi tory* c/ mankind cannot furnish us with any aU mont^ less in its originals nor grtattr in its inert a^e^ through" out the ivhole worlds has itn be- ginning from Romulus sWho be- ing tiie son of a vestal f Min^ and (ua was su/:fiostdJ o/Marsy was born at the same birth with hia brother Remus, He whilst he * robbed amongst ihe shefim ta- ^j»«»e to render the word memoria history, a sense it sometimes .r!i *'<*"»■ author must be supposed to have used it in its ordinary aav! I "* I ^^ °°* ""^^^ tolerable sense can be uiaae of what he anfhn /a^. ^^^ ^^*"** ^*-'^'*^'-» »« the only sense it hath in good aut^o.s, does not ag.ee « ith my translation of mmono ; but I am apt d^v.!lr^r '" .T^ "''"' ""J^'^^^' 'y> ^«d may be an instance ol that authSimr ''""'^ "' '^" ^'''" *^"^^' ^*^'"' prevaUed m our iroti^''^^""' -^'"'V^^y not s^em very proper; tut it is certain the word v.r^ois sometimes used ev en in Terence itself, for a young wo- man after the bearing of a chud. wmJnfL"'**"* ingenious lady, daughter of Tanaquil le Fevre, wh* wl^d! .^f."TJ"''T"'*. '■^*' ''^ "^ ^^ ^^^ ^«"l>h'n. and 'after! ^ards ma Tied Mons. Daci.r, cabinet maker to the late French •s^met^ml quotes Plautus; in whose time, ir is true, the word wai da?f. fT ^*^ used i but thaft sense of it was out of date long before the «oh^, ^"trop.us, who had be used it so, would have been understood by Sie«t/A.w 1"^^^^^ ""'^' '^* '^^" '^"^ •" antiquity as to know the an- to renir i» 1^* ?'*"''^ ^ °°^ "^^y "^^'y- * ^»»«>^» therefore, ttiJht « »>f .'" u^ ^"I>' sense it had in our author's time. Romuiu» «'«01, as f lutarch says, defend his neighbwi' shephtrds against tq^ 13 EUTROPn LIBER I. retur, octodecim annos herds, being \Q yean old, buiU natus, urbcm exiguam in a little city ufion the Palatine in Falatino monte constl- mount, upon the eleventh of the tuit, XI. Kal. Maii, Olym- *calends of May, in the third piadis sext« anno tertio, year of the ,ixth \Olymfiiad, in post 1 roj» excidium, ut the \^94th year afler the dc- qut plunmum minimum' struction of TroyA\ gue tradunt, trccentesimo, nonagesimo quarto. bers, and rob too by way of reprisal. There was nothin- more com. wealths it^of T^ '°" 1. ^'^ "*"'"' "^^" kingdon,s"aad eomZ: iveal hs weie of very small extent, than for parties in states that bor. dered upon one another, to sally oat of the c-onfines. of their own litd^- territory to rob their borderers. C«sar informs us tha n his time th.: KhL'vH r^'"^' commendable and glorious «mong'IhrG^r'; and Thucydides gives no better account of the Greeks and their neiirU. *»ors, some generations before his own time. ^ * The first day of every naonth was called the calends, and th<« daysfromthe 13th in some, and the 15th in others, t^rrecko.^d bv Sly^'ortL^fs^oftt "' ^^' " ''^ '''' ^^ before thffirstolf beil, Jt te^rm ?rf "*' '"'^"^ ^ ^^"r ' "^'^ ^' ^^^^ *™«"5st the Greeksi the Lst o?pl,n '"^^'"' so denominated from 01ymj>ia, a town in the nest of Peloponnesus, nigh the river Alpheus. where everv g/JcT\^T' '''''' ""^^'^'■^^^^ ^y ^ '^' concoul^^eof p^opleToS t^rvou bv th';r"'- Z*^"'" «^^^ ^^'«^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^-^^^ they teiJ you, by the famous Hercules, but after his time, discontinued four vTr'^f '°"'?K^' '^''^ *" '^' y^^' ^^-'-^ Christ 775. Thefirst ^ITf "" ^^^ 'r*'^' ^* '^^"^ ^«« termed the first Olympiad, ^l Grfel fjr'l '^' n^^ Olympiad, and »o en. And whe,^ the Greek^ took notice of the tiuic ot any tiansaction, they said it fell out m the 1st, 2d, 3d, or 4th year of such an Olympiad. + I he destruction of Troy hapi.ened accoi cling to the best chrono- iDgers, 1 184 years before Christ, and Rome was built about 752 ?h^ bi^rg^RotrL^^^^^^^ ^*^-^«- ^^T-y t^^i th': If As the words ut qui plnrimvm minimumrte trodunt hare visibly no meanmg, 1 have not translated them. Madam Dacier, indeed make! «o difficulty of them, though she says a great many before trbad! to make up the ^nse, she informs us we are to understand the wo^ II' Pr^teream after uf, which to be sure makes ^ood sense but if t£^^ wo?ds oul fo^' nt'""^ '^ '" ^^P***^' *" ^^'«^^^^^^ »^«-J^ ted b^ what Li °^'^/°L*" ^"^''^«o^ ^P««king onght to be omit. fSklth^nlh ''"'.**' ^ ""^^'^' '^'"^«"^ ^*«« expressed, ^ f b!^ 1 . K ^""'^ '''''^' ^'^ "^'- '^'^e «ame sentence occcTrs again 13 2.Conditacivitate,qaam ex nomine sue Romam vocavit, hsc fere egit. multitudinem finitimor- um in civitatcm recepit ; centum ex senioribus ele- git, quorum consilio om- nia ageret ; quoi senato- res nominavit propter se- nectutem. Tunc, cum ux- ores ipse 8c populus non haberent, invitavit ad spectaculum ludorum vi- cinas urbi nationes, atque earum virgines rapuit. Commotis bellis propter raptarum injuriam, Creni- nenses vicit, Antcmnates, Crustuminos, Sabinos,Fi- denates, Vejentes (hsc omnia oppida urbem cin- gunt.) Et cumortabubito tempestate non compar- uisset anno regni trigesi- mo sepiimo, adDeostran- sisse creditus, consecra- tus est. Deinde Romre per quinos dies senatores im- peraverunt, & his reg- nantibus annus unuscom- pictus est. 3 Postea Numa Pom- pilii.s rex creaius est qui bellum nullum quidem gessit, sed non minus ci- vitati quam Romulus pro- fuit. Nam & leges Ro- 2. Having built the cityy which he called by his own name Kome, he perfoimtd these things. He took great numbers of his neighbors into his city* He chose a hundred of the eld- ers of the people ; by whose advice he majiaged all his af- fairs, whom he called se?iators because of their age. Then, as he and his peojile had no wives, he invited the nations, neigh- bors to his city, to the sight of games, and seized all their young women. Wars commence i^gfor the injustice of seizing the women, he conquered the Caninensians, the jintemna- tians, Crustuminians, Sabines^ Fidenatians, Vejentians, (alt these towns surround the city.) And as in a storm that rose all on a sudden^ he disappeared in the ^7th year of his reign, be* ing supposed to have gone to the Gods, he was accordingly deified. Jfttr that, the senator» reigned at Rome for five day» each, and whilst they r eigne d^ one year was completed, 3. Afterwards Mima Pom* fiilius was made king, who car* ried on indeed no war, but was no less serviceable to the city tJian Romulus. For he estab-. lished laws and wholesome to believe the words eos prxteream had by the carelessness of some copier of looks been omit ed j for without that, or sonmhing equiva- lent, this passage is :ai|;erfect, and without sense. If th author must be supposed to have left it to be understood, it w^s an inexcusable blunder iii him. B 12 EUTROPn retur, octodecim annos natus, urbcmexiguam in in Palatino monte constU tuit, xi. Kal. Maii, Olym- piadis sextx anno tertio, post Troj» excidium, ut gui /ihirunum minimwri' ^ue tradunt^ trccentesimo, nonagesimo quarto. herds, being \ 8 yeara old, buih a little city upon the Palatini, mounts ufion the eleventh of the *calends of May, in the third year of the aixth ^Olympiad, in the ^Z94th year after the de^ struction of Troy.\\ i LIBER I. 13 wealths ,va.e of ve^f^^lLxtX ha rt'^anS^ir^a^rh^r'" «Jered upon one anotiipr to sallv c!^^^\JV P^^'^s .n states that bor- bors some genemtions before his own. time " "'-■'^''- Jhe,>d,sta„ce r™. «he^ t^ da^ I^thf ^'iLVdt^VSr^i'nr' Hn^ the fvesi of HeloZinesu,' ^" ^'"^""""^''fi""' Olymi««, atowni» ^"=Xe£in£f "— oreSorSeTo- four years frj^ he revival otfh^'"'' ^'*^^'" ^^"'^ '^'^'^- '^''^^ ^''^ the next four years th^ •. J ^''^ '''''' *^''«*^^ ^*^^ «'^^ Olympiad, the GreertJkl;ice of t^^- ^^'^fP'^^' ««^ -.«»• And when feiloutia he 1st 9W u ^^f *'"^^ ^V""''^ t.aiu^act.on. they said it I Thl 1 ^ •; "^' ^*" '^^^ y^'^*" ^^ ^"^^ a» Olympiad. |( As the vvords ui qui piurimvm minmumrie tmduni have vJ.^h.v „ intheiastrl^i.fJi^^fV!. . fui . '''e same sentence occi-rs again « Uie ia.t ctoi>t« of the teuth boot, oUienvise I sboM i« iaclinaWe ■I 2.Conditacivitate,quam ex nomine suo Romam vocavit, hxc fere egit. multiiudinem finitimor- iim in civitatcm recepit ; centum ex senioribus ele- git, quorum consilio om- nia ageret ; quoA senato- res nominavit propter se- ntctutem. Tunc, cum ux- ores ipse 8c populus non haberent, invitavit ad spectaculum ludorum vi- cinas urbi nationes, atque earum virglnes rapuit. Commotis bellis propter laptarum injuriam, Cxni- ncnses vicit, Antemnates, Ciusiuminos, Sabinos,Fi- denates, Vejentes (haec omnia oppida urbem cin- gunt.) Et cumortabubito tempeslate non conipar- uisset anno regni trigesi- mo septimo, adDeostran- sisse creditus, consecra- tus est. Deinde Romse per quinos diessenatores im- peraverunt, & his reg- naniibus annus unus com- pletus est. 3 Postea Numa Pom- piliis rex creaiub est qui bellura nullum quidcm gcisit, sed non minus ci- vitati quam Romulus pro- fuit. JNan; 8c leges Ro- 2. Having built the city^ nvhich he called by his orjn name Rome, he performed these things. He took great numbers of his neighbors into his city» He choss a hundred of the eld- ers oi the people ; by ivhose advice he majiuged all his af- fairs, -whom he called senators because of their age. Then, as he and his people had no wives, he invited the nations^ 7ieicrh' oors to his city, to the sight of games, and seized all their young wometi. Wars commence i^igfor the injustice of seizing the women, he conquered the Cxninensiayis, the Antemna^ tians, Crustuminiaiis, Sabines^ Fidenatians, Vcjentians, (all these towns surround the city.) And as in a storm that ruse all on a sudden^ he disappeared in the 37 (h year of his reign ^ be^ ing sup/iosed to have gone to the Gods, he was accoidini^ly deified. After that^ the senator» reigned at Rome for five days each, and whilst they r eigne d^ one year was completed^ 3. Afterwards jVuma Pom' pilius was made king., who car* ried on indeed no war, but was no less serviceable to the city than Romulus, For he estab- lished laws and uholcsome to believe the words eos praeteream had by the caveles5?ness of some cu|.icr ot I ooks been omit Cvi ^ for Without that, or sonuihing tquiva- lent, this passage is inierfect, and without sense. If th author must be supposed to have left it to be uudersiwd, itwas an inexcusai;;e blunder ux him. B u EUTROPII manis, moresque consti- tuit, qui consuetudine praeliorum jamlatronesac semibaibari putabantur. Annum descripsit in x. menses, prius sine aliqua computatione confusum; & infinita Romae sacra ac templa constituit. Morbo decessit quadragesimo tertio imperii anno. LIBER I. 4. Huic successit Tul- lus Hostilius. Hie bella reparavit, Albanos vicit, qui ab urbf Roma xii. milliario sunt : Veientes & Fidenates, quorum alii sexto milliario absunt ab urbe Romana, alii octavo decimo, bcllo superavit. Urbem ampliavit, adjecto Calio monte. Cum iri- ginta duobus annis reg- nasset fulmine icius cum domo sua arsit. 5. Post hunc Ancus Martius, Num» ex filia nepos, suscepit imperi- um. Contra Latinos dimi- cavit: Aventinum mon- tem civitati adjecit, & Ja- niculum: Ostiam civita- tem supra mare sextode- cimo milliario abui be Ro- mx condidit : Vigesimo quarto anno imperii mor- bo periit. e.Deinde regnum Pris- cus Tarquinius accepit. Hie numerum scnatorum usfi^cs amongst the Romam, ivho.from a custom '2fJ(f/itin^, were now thought robbers^ and half barbarians, ne divided the year into ten months, which had been confused before, with- out any proper reckoning ; and he iristituted an infinite number of holy rites, and built many temfiles at Rome, He died of a disease, in the forty-third year of his reign, i 4. Tullus Hostillius succeed- \ edhim. He renewed the war j^ | conquered the Albans, who are ' at the twelfth mile from the city of Rome, he subdued the Veieii- tes and the Fidenates too, one of which are distant six miles from the city of Rome, and the other eighteen. He enlargtd the city by adding mount Caliua. ^fter he had reigned 32 ycars^ he was thunderstruck, and was burnt ufi, together with his house» 5. After him, Ancus Marti, us, the grandson ofJVuma by a daughter, took u/ion him the go^ vernment. He fought against the Latins ; added mount A- ventine, and Janiculum to the city. He built the city of Ostia upon the sea, at the sixteenth mile from the city Rome, He died a natural deathy in the 24th year of /lis reign. 15 6. Then Priscus Tarquinius got the kingdom. He doubled the number of the HuatQrs^ duplicavit ; ^ Circum Ro- built a * Circus at Rome; in- mx xdificavit ; hidos Ro- stituted the ^Roman games^ inanos instituit, qui ad which co?itinue to our times. nostram mcmoriam per- The same prince likewise con- manent.^ Vicit idem eti- quered the Sabines, and added am Sabinos ; Sc non pa- to the territory of the city of rum agrorum, sul.latum Rome ?iot a little land, which iisdem, uibis Romx tcr- he had taken from the same, jiitorio adjunxit ; primus- andfrst entered the city in iri- [que triumphans urbem umhh. He made the walls and intra vit: Muros fecit, & \Cloacc?, He begun the capital ; [Cloacas ; capitolium in- and was slain by the sons of choavit : Trigesimo oc- Ancus, thuit king, whom he had tayoimperii anno per Anci succeeded in the 38th year of fjlios occisus est, regis his reign, ejus cui ipse successerat. 7. Pest hunc Servius 7, After him Servius TuU Tullius suscepit imperi- lius took ufion him the govern* um, genitus ex nobili foe- ment, born of a noble woman^ mina, captiva tamen, 8c but yet a captive and a maid* ancilla. Hie quoque Sabi- servant. He too subdued the nos subegit : monies tres, Sabines, and added three moun* Quirinalem, Viminalem, tains, the Quirinal, Viminaly Esquilinumurbi adjunxit, and Esquiline to the city, and fossas circum murum drew ditches around the walU duxit. Primus omnium He likewise first instituted Censum ordinavit qui ad- the \\ Census, which had been as hue per orbem terrarum yet unknown in the world, Un- incognitus erat. Sub eo der him, all people being * The Circus was a large circular sort of building, with rows of seats rising one above anotker, in which the people were presented witli public games for their diversion. t These Lmli Romani were likewise called Ma^ni, and instituted ifi honor of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. For the heathen worship con- sist«d mostly in music, dancing and other diversions, it is strange t.iat nations so polite and knowing as the Greeks and Romans, could t-imk hddluig and piping, dancing, wrestling, runnincr and fighting, could be agreeble to their gods, or a proper way of worshipping them. + J hese were very wide subterraneous canals for conveying the filth of the town into the river. II 1 retain in the translation the Latin word, because our language has none to answer it ; it signifies a smvey or account taken of the people, 1. e. their estates, callings, habitations, &c. iii order to an equal taxation of them for the public service. }» EUTROPII LIBER I. \7 Roma,omnibusincensum delalis, habiiit capitum Ixxxiv. millia civium Ro- manorum, cum hi^ qui in aj^ris erant. Occisus est xlv. imperii anno, scelere gener suii Tarqiiiniij su- perbi, filii ejus regis cni ipse succcsseral ; 8c filix sux quam Tarquinius ha- bebat uxorem. ^ 8. Lucius Tarqui- nius superbus, septimus atque uliimus regum, Volscos (qux gens ad Campaniam euntibusnon longe ab urbe est) vicit ; Gabioscivilatem, & Sues- sam Pomesiam subegit ; cum Thuscis pacem fecit ; £c templum Jovi in Capi- tolioxdificavit. Postea Ar- deamoppugnans, in octa- vo decimo milliario ab urbc positam civitatcm, imperium perdidit. Nam cum filius ejus, ipse Tar- quinius junior, nobilissimi CoUatini uxorem stupras- set, eaquede injuria mar- ito 8c patri&amicisquesta fuisset, in omnium con- spectuseoccidit; propter quam causam Biutus par- ens & ipse Collatinus pop- ulum concilavit, & Tar- quinio ademit imperium. Mox exercitus quoque cum, qui civitatem Ar- deam cum ipso rege op- pugnabat, reliquit, veni- ensque ad urbem rex, brought undtr this Census^ Rome had eighty -Jour thousand heads of Roman citizens^ ivith those that were in the vountrij. He was slain in the forty -Jijth year of his reign^ by the xnU lainy of his son-in-laiu, Tar- qtdn the firoud^ the son of that king ivhom he had succeeded^ and of his oivn daughter, ivhom Tarquin had to nvife, 8. Lucius Tarquinius the proud ^ the seventh ajid last of the kingM, conquered the Vol- scians (which nation is not far from the city as you go to Cam^ pania) he reduced the city Ga* bii and Suessa Pometia ; made a peace with the Thuscans^^nd built a tern file to Jupiter in the Capitol, Afterwards as he was attacking Ardea^ a city situated at the distance of 1 8 miles from the city Rome he lost his king, dom. For when his son Tarquin the younger had ravished the wife of a very noble person, Collatinusy and she had com» plained of the injury to her husba?id and father and friends^ she killed herself in the sight of them all; for which reason Brutus her father and Colla^ tinus raised the people^ and took the kingdom from Tarquin, PrC' sently his army too ^ who ivere at- tacking the city Ardea with the king, deserted him ; and the king upon coming to the ci- ty Rome, was excluded, the gates being shut against him. And after he had reig?ied 25 iiortisclausis,exclususest. Cumque impeiassct an- J103 viginli quinque, cum uxore 8c liberis suisfugit. ItaRomxitgnaiumesi per septeni rcges annis du- cenlis quadraginta iribus, cum ad hue Roma, ubi plu- limuni vix usque ad quin- tum ilecimum milliaiium possideret. 9. Hinc consules coepe- re pro uno rege duo hac causa creari ; ut si unus inalus esse voluisset, alter eum, habcns poteslatem similem, coerceret. Et placuit, ne imperium lon- gius, quam annum habe- Tent,ne per diuturnitatem potcsiatis insoleniiores redderentur, sed civiles semper essent, qui se post annum scirent futures es- se privatos ; fuerunt igitur anno primo,expulsis regi- bus, Consules Lucius Ju- nius Brutus, qui maxime egerat, ut Tarquinius pel- leretur, £c Tarquinius Co]latinus,maritus Lucre- tix. Sed Tarquinio Colla- tino statim sublata digni- tasest : placuerat enim, ne quisquam in urbe mane- ret, qui Tarquinius voca- relur. Qui accepto omni pairimonio suo, ex urbe migravit, Sc loco ipsius factus est Valerius Pub- licola consul. Commovit tamen beilum urbi Romx years, he was banished with his wife and children. Thus king- ly goveryimcntobtainedat Rome Jor the time of seven kings^ and two hundred and forty" three years, whilst Rome as yet, where it had most, hardly possessed a territory extend- ing as far as the 1 5th mile* 9. Upon this, two Consuls began to be made instead of one King for this reaso?! ; that i/ one had a mind to be wicked, the other having the like au- thoricy,might restrain him. And it was thought fit, they should hold their power no longer than Jor a year, lest they should be rendered insolent by the long continuance of their authority, but should be always moderate, who knew that they should be private persons ajter a year. Wherefore in the first year, dX" itr theTurquins vtQYQ banished, L, Junius Brutus, who had particularly exerted himself, that Tarquin might be banished, and Tarquinius Collatinus, the husband of JLucretia, were made Consuls, But this dig. 7iity was taken immediately from Tarquinius Collatinus» For it was thought ft that no one should continue in the city, that was called Tarqidn, V/ho receiving his whole estate re- moved out of the city, and Fc- lerius Publicola was made Con» sul in his room^ Yet King TaV" B2 iiinjEnaftaaK 18 EUTROPII LIBER I. I rex Tarquinius, qui fue- rat expulsus, & collectis mullis gentibus, utin reg- num posset restitui dimi- cavit. 10. In prima pugna Brutus & Aruns I'arqui- niifiiius invicem se occi- derunt. Romani tamen ex ea pugna victores re- cessenint. Brutum Ro- manx matronai defenso- rem pudicitisc sux, quasi communem patrem, per annum luxerunt. Vale- rius Publicola Spurium Lucretium Tricipitinum collegam sibi fecit, Lu- cre! ix patrem : quo mor- bo moriiio, iterum Hora- • tium Pulvillum collegam sibi sumpsit. Ita primus annus quinque Consules habuit: cum Tarquinius Collatinus urbe cessisset propter nomen, Brutus prsclio periisset, Spurius Lucretius morbomortuus esset. 11» Secundo quoque anno, iterum Tarquinius ut reciperetur in regnum bellum Romanis intulit, auxilium ei ferentePorse- na Thusci» rege, 8c Ro- mam pene cepit. Verum turn quoque victus est. giiin^ ivho had been banished, raised a ivar against thr; city Rotne^ and having got together many nations^ f^^ght to be rt'- stored to his kingdom, 10. In the first battle, Bru^ tus and Aruns^ the son of Tar- quin. killed one another, * Yet the Romans came off frojn that battle victorious. The Roman matrons mourned for Brutus the defender of their honor^ as a common father^ for a year. Valerius Publicola made S/iu* rius Lucretius Irici/iitinusy the father of Lucre tia his coU league. Who dying a natural deaths he again took for his col^ league Horatius Pulvilhis, Thus the first year had five Consuls ; since Tarquinius Col* latinus qidtted the city, because of his name : Brutus fell in bat- tle, and Spurius Lucre tint died of a distetnfier. 11,7« the second year tooy Tarquinius again made war upon the Romans, in order to be received into his kingdom ; Porsena the King of Thuscia carrying him assista?icey and was near taking Rome, But then too, f he ivas vanquished. * Livy and Plutarch make it but a sort of drawn battle, yet tell an Jdle story, from whence the Romans took occasion to claim the victory, let ^^?f """' properly vanquished, but obliged to retire, because Ins fnend Porsena thought fit to make a peace with the Romans, which ♦iieif hiitwiaos say be was fiishteaed into bjr a desperate attempt of ^ i h Tertio anno post regts exactos, Tarquinius cum suscipi non posset in reg- num, neque ei Porsena, qui pacem cum Romanis fecerat, auxilium prxsta- ret. I'u senium se con- lulit, qu» civitas non lon- ge ab urbe est : aique ibi per quatuordecim annos privatus cum uxore pra:- senuit. Quarto anno post reges exactos, cum Subi- ni Romanis bellum inlu- lissent victi sunt ; 8c de his est triumphatum. Quin- to anno Lucius Valerius ille Bruti collega, & quar- lum Consul, fatalitermor- tuu» est adeo pauper, ut collatis a populo nummis, sumptum habuerit sepul- tur^e, quern matron», si- cut Brutum» annum lux- erunt. 12. Nono anno post re- ges exactos, cum gener Tarquinii, ad injuriam soceri, vindicandam in- gentem collegisset exer- citum, nova Romsc dig- nitas est creata, qua Dic- tatura appellatur, major quamConsulatus. Eodem The. third year cfter the roijal Jumily were driven from Rome, nvhen Tarquin could not be received into his kirtg^ dom, nor did Por''<( no, tvh'j hud made a fieace ivith : he Romans, any longer give him assist- ance^ he withdrew himself to * Tusculum which town is not far from the city Rome, and there lived a private per- son for fourteen years with his wife to be very old. In the fourth year after the royal J ami- ly were banished, the Sabines making war vpon the Romatis, were conquered, and the Ro- mans, triumphed over them. In the fjihyear aferjL. Valerius, that colleague of Brutus, and a Jourth timeconsuly diedaiiatural death, so poor, that he had the charges of his funeral borne with money contributed by the people, whom the matrons mourned for a year, as they had done for Brutus» 12. In the ninth year after the batiishing of the royal family, the son-in-law of Tar- quin having raised a huge ar^ my to revenge the injury done his father-in-law, a 7iew office was erected at Rome, which ia called the f Dicta tor ship y great- er than the Consulate • in the Mucius Scaevola to kill him, and a politic pretence of his to the king, that 300 Romans had sworn to endeavour bis destruction iu the same bold manner. * Livy says to Cumae in Campania. f This was at first an absolute power, but coofined within the space ti six «iQntliS, See iRo5i«V&' ^nti^ui(i€Sf gr Pmsgus' Lexicon, 20 EUTROPII LIBER I- 21 anno ctiammagisterequi- liim fact us est, qui Dic- tatori obsccjueretur, Ne- que quid'juam similius, potest dici, quam Dicta- tura antiqua, huic impe- rii poteslati, qunni nunc tranquilitus vesira hubtt, maximc cum Augustus quoq ; Octavianus, de quoposteadicemus, 8c an- te eum, Caius Czesav, sub Dictatura; nomine atque honore regnaverint. Dic- tator autem Romse pri- mus fuit Lartius : Mngis- terequitum primus, Spu- rius Cassius. 13. Sexto decimo anno post reges exactos, sedi- tionem populus Roma fe- cit, tanquam a Senatu atq ; Consulibus premere- tur. Turn & ipse sibi Tribunos plebis, quasi proprios judices & defen- sorcs creavit, per quos contra Senatum & Con- sules tutus esse posset. 14. Sequent! anno Vol- sci contra Romanos bel- ium reparave runt : & victi acie, etiam Coriolos, civi- tatem quamhabebantop- timam, perdiderunt. same ijear likewise a Maater cj Horse ivas made to obey the Dictator, J\''or can any thing be named more like to the Imjie- rial authority^ ivhich novj your tranquility has^than the oldDic^ tatorshi/i^ esjiecially since Au^ Justus Octavianus too, of whom we slmll sficak hireafier, ajid bi fore him Caius Casar, reigned under the name and honor of the Dictatorship. The first Die- tator at Rome was Lartius, and S/mrius Cassius the first Mas^ ter of the Horse, 13. //2 the sixteenth year af- ter the banishment of the royal family, the people 7nade a mu- tiny at Rome, as if they were oppressed by the Senate and Consuls, Then too they made to themselves * Tribunes of the Commons, as their own proper judges and defenders by whom they might be secured against the Senate and Consuls. 14. In the following year, the Volsci renewed the war a- gainst the Romans ; and being defeated in thefitldy lost like- wise Corioli, the best city which they had. * These were at first but two, but their riUii:ber quickly increased to ten. And they answered the design of thei»- insiitution etrectually and contributed not a little to the future rise and powthof the Roman state, by procuring at last to the Commons adniisjiion to all the great offices of the government ; after which the Romans bore down all op- position, till they made themselves in a great measine masters cf the world. For a more particular accotiot o/ their office see Rosijius, or Pitiscus. 15 Octavo decimo an- 15. In the \m year ajter no postquum reges ejecti the royal Jamily were turned erant, expv.lsns ex urbe, out, Q, Marcius, a ^general cf Quintius Ma.cius, dux the Romans, who had taken Co- Romanorum, qui Corio- rioli. a city of the Volsci, being los ceperat, Volscorum Vanished the city, went over to civitalem, ad ipsos Vols- the Felsciinurage.and received cos contcndit iratus, & assistance against the Romans. auxilia contra Romanos He often conc^ueredthe Romans. accepit. Romanos ssepe ^^e came within five miles of the vicit : usque ad quintum city, designing too^ to attack the milliarium urbis accessit, place of his nativity, rejecting oppui^naturus etiam pa- t^c deputies, that begged fieacc triam suam, legatis, qui ivom h\m, mkss his mother pacem petebant, repudi- Veturia, and Im wife Voumma atis, nisi ad eum mater had come to him from the city, Veturia, & uxor Volumnia by wh9se weepmg and impor- ex urbe venissent ; qua- tunity being prevailed upon, he rum fletu & deprecatione c?rfw qfi^ his army. And this superatus removit exer- w^-^ the second from Tarqum, citum : atque hie sccun- w/io was general of an army dus post Tarquiniumfuit, against his own country. qui dux contra patriam suam esset. ^ ^- ^^^n Caso Fabms and 16. Cxsone Fabio & Titus Virginius were Consuls, Tito Virginio Consulibus, 300 noblemen, who were of the trecenti nobiles homines, Fabian family, undertook alone qui ex Fabia familia e- the war against the Vejentes, rant, contra Vejentes bel- promising the Senate and people lum soli su^ceperunt, pro- to manage that whole dispute by mittentes Senatui & po- themselves. Wherefore going pulo per se omne certa- accordingly, c^// of them «o/^/^ men implendum. Ita- men and ivho each of them ought que profecti omnes no- to have been leaders cf great biles, 8c qui singuli mag- armies, they fell in battle. But norum exercituum duces ^one was lejt of so great a Ja- * Marcius was not General, but an inferior officer only in the army, to whose valor the taking of Corioli was principally owmg, from whence he had the name of Coriohums. t This circumstance is to be sure false. A family that could fur- nish 300 fighting men had no doubt many male chiMrcn. I wonder so improbable a thing could i)ass upon such au author as Livy, who, tor the talent of writing history, was at least equal, if not superior, to any of the ancients, either Greeks or Romans. 22 EUTROPII esse deherent, in prrclio ^nily, who by reason of his child- concideiunt. Unusomni- ish age could not be carried to no superfuit ex tanta fa- the battle. After this the milia, qui propter xtatem Census was again take?i in the puenlem duci non potue- city, and there were found to rat ad pugnam. Post haec be a hundred and nineteenthou- Census in urbe habitus sandfreemen. est, k inventa" sunt civi- um capitum cxix. millia. 17. In the following year, the ^ 17. Sequenti anno, cum Roman army being besieged in m Algido monte, ab urbe mount Algidum, at about duodecimo ferme millia- the tivelfth mile from the city. no, Romanus obsidere- X. Quint ius Cincinnatua was tur exercitus, Lucius made Dictator, who /loasessing QumtmsCincinnatusDic- a fi ice e of land of four *jugeray tatorestfactus : qui agrum tilled it with his own hands. He quatuor jugerum possi- ^cingfoundat work and ploughs dens, manibus buis cole- tfig, wiping q^ the sweat, took bat. Is,cuminopere&a- the Toga Pratexta, and cut. rans esset mventus, su- ting off the enemy, delivered dore deterso, Togam Pra- the army. tcxlamaccepit: &, cassis 18. In the year SQO, from hostibus, hberavit exerci- the building of the city, the ^""** Consular governmemt ceased, 18. Anno ccc. & altero and instead of two Consuls, ten aburbecondita,imperium t officers were made, who had Consulare cessavit, & pro the supreme power, beingihert- duobus Consulibus decern fore named the Decemviri. But tacii sunt, qui summam after they had behaved well the potestatem habeient, De- first year, in the second, one of ccmviri nominati. Scd them, Appius Claudius, who had cum primo anno bene e- a design to debauch a young gissent, secundo, unus ex woman, daughter of one Virgin lis Appius Claudius, Virgi- nius, who served in an \ho7iour- * Ju:ierHni is a piece of land 240 feet long and 120 broad, that is ueariipon half our acre. ' t The design of their insitution was to compile a body of laws for the ilomans^ who then liad either none at all, or very few The fa «lo^us twelve tables were the work of these same Decemviri*. + Hon stis stipendiis is properly or verbally renderefl for handsome honorable pay. Siipend.um sijfuiaes in general wages, but most com- monly soldiers' pay, and sometuncs a year's },ay. It will not be im- proper to observe here, that the Romau soldiers at that time served LIBER L 23 niicujusdam, qui honestis jam ttipendiis contra l^ati- nos in monte Algido mili- tabat, filiamvirt^iiiemcor- rumpere voluil : quam pa- ter occidit, ne siuprum a Decemviro susiineret : k regressus ad milites, movit tumultum. Sub- lala est Decemviris po- testas, ipsique damnati sunt 19. Anno trecentesimo decimoqtiinloabiirbecon- dita, b idenates contra Ro- manostebeiluverunt. Aiix- iiium prxstdbant liis Ve- jentes et rex Vejentium Tolumnius. q» ae ambx ci- vitatco tarn vicinx urbisunt ut FidciKc vii. Vejentes xviii.nnilurioiiljsint.Con- junxerunt se his & Vol- sci ; scd M. ^Emilio Dic- tatore, Lucio Quiniiu Ci ii- ciufiato Magisiroequiium victi, ctiaui regeni per- didci unt : Fid^ t.te captae & excisae. Post xx. inde aniios, V'ejentani tebclla- ver'int. Dictator contia i(>sos missus tsL Furius Camilhis, qui prinium COS \icit acie ; mox ciiam civitatem diu obbidcub ce- pit, amiquissimam, Ita- able post against the Latins, iifj, on moufit Algidum, whom her father slew^ that ahe might not suffer a ravishment from the Decemvir, and returning to fhc solditrs. raised amutiny. Upon wiiich (heir authority was taken from the Decemviri, and they condemned. 19. In the 3 \ 5th year from the building the city, tlic Fi. denatians rebelled against the Romans, The Vejeiites gave them assiftstance, and the King of the Vejentes, Tolumnius: both which states are so near the city Rome, that Fidenx is but distant seven, and the ^^Fc' jentes eighteen miles. The Vol- set likewi.^e joined themselves to them. But being conquered by M. Mmilius the Dictator, and L.. Quint ius Cincinnatds, Alas- ter of the Horse, they likewise lost their king, Fidcms was ta. ken and destroyed. Twenty year» after the Vejentani rebelled Fu- rius Camillus was sent Dictator against thvm,whofirst conquered them in battle, and by and by besieging their city, took it, the most ancient and the richest in Italy. After it he took Falls- the commonwealth in the wars at their own evpense. It was some years after, as Livy informs us, th;it the decree of the Senate was made, I'tjitipend/'ttn miles de f)i!ji/co eiei «, J ,•• " ,^1" /"""^'" inana res cresccre V^m /,• ' ^'^^'^''^^^c-. 1^ ram this '■uni civitatem, nu« ner JIT ff «^" '"■''^'« that year It only upon the payment of a -..g^t s-,m« f • i c ^^'^ve ely lu at by Camillus. Other Ith'^ ^"^'^^' •'^^T ^'^^>^ ^^^^ ^^ee« H'se and tell us that VMm\U^sr^^^^^^^ :;-^hin, Oil; .,Hl quite spoS^n'^^^^Set""";^ V'''^' ''" ^"^^' "-^^ ^I^ejn than uluU fhoy v. Ac about: k^i^!;'; ^^' ^^'^c].„g other work fbi' ^^^^^^:^^^ ^-- wastake. H-ho a.t ias. carried their poii - «,' n •? -^^ k "^"^ ^^" '^'^ ^'«"-^"'ate, uere quite laid aside. ^ ' ^^" '' ^"^^ ^^^«^ ^^il'tary Tribunes f This is likewise a mistake: The warl.,fpH toy ''^«ds by the Kom«.s, ^d rZT^% toe SuSr*'""'' '" '^ """' tJe^aKWhMiStwiuaiitijj-'--'-^ ■■iaiaa.M»:;ijUrf.^^.tj^)^^y^jja.^, 36 EUTROPII LIBER ir. 2. Titus etiam Quintius Cincinnatus, Prxnestinos, qui usque ad urbis Romx portas bcllo venerant, per- sequutus, ad flumen Alli- am vicit, etcivilates, qua subipsisagebant, Roman- is adjunxit ; ipsum Prx- iieste aggressus, in dediti- onem accepit; quae omnia ab CO gesta sunt viginti diebus triumphusque ipsi decretus. 3. Verum dignitas Tri- bunorum Militarium non diu persevei avit; nam post aliquantum nullos placuit fieri ; et quadriennium ita in urbe fluxit, ut potest- ates ibi majores non as- sent. Resunipserunt tam- en Tribuni Militares Con- sular! potestate iterum dignitatem, et triennio persevsravcrunt. Rursus Consules facti. 4, Lucio Genucio et Quinto Servilio Consuli- bus, mortuus est Camil- and * had three triumfihs to^ get her. 2. T, Quintius Cincinnatin likewise pursuing the t Pri^- nestinif who had come in a hos- tile manner up to the gates of the city Rome^ conquered them at the river j^llia, and added the cities, which were under them, to the Romans, and at- tacking Proeneste itself, took it by surrender ; all which thing.i were done by him in twenty days, and a Criwnfih was voted him, 3. But the office of military Tribunes did not continue long ; for after some time it was thought fit no more should b^s made ^ and \four years so past in the city, that there were none of the greater magistratesy Consuls or Military Tri- bunes in it. Yet the Military Tribunes with Consular power at last resumed the govern •> ment, and continued for thre*: years, || Then again ConsuU Were made. 4. Z/. Genucius and Quin- tus Servilius being Consuls, Camillas died ; the second hQ» 27 * He had but one triumph for these three wars so successirely finished. t Prancste was a city of Latiuin, at the distance of about 20 milc6 to the eastvvaixl. X Our author should have said five years, as apjiears from Li\y. II Not immediately, for a whole year passed without either Consuls or military Tribunes, occasioued by a violent contest betwixt the No- bles and commons, the former strugglmg for a Consular Election, the latter for that of the Military Tribunes, for which office they wer; ^LualUied t* be caifiUdates, for the «ther not. lus : honor ei secundus post Romuhim delalus est. 5. Titus Quintius Dict- ator adversus Gallos, qui in Italiam venerant, mis- sus est. Hi ab urbe quarto milliario trans Anienem fluvium consederant. No- bilissimus de Senatoribus Titus Manlius provocan- tem Galium ad singulare certamen congressus oc- cidit ; et sublato torque aureo, colloq ; suo impo- sito, in perpetuum Tor- quati sibi et posteris cog- nomen accepit. Galli fu- gati sunt ; mox per Caium Sulpicium Dictatorem e- tiam victi. Non multopost a Caio MarcioThusci victi sunt, vii. millia captivo- rum ex his in triumphum ducti, 6. Census iterum hab- itusest. EtcumLalini,qui a Romanis subacli erant, milites prxslare nollent, ex Romanis tantum tiro- nes lecti sunt, factseque le- giones decern, qui modus sexaginta vel amplius ar- matoium milliaeflkiebat: parvis adhuc Romanis re- bus tanta tamen in re mili- tari virtus erat. Qux, cum profecias essent adversus Gallos, duce Lucio Furio Camiilo, quidam ex Gallis Tior after Romulus vas /laid to him. 5 T. QuiJitius was seiit Dictator against the Gauls, who had come into Italy, These had encam/iedfour miUs from the city, beyond the River Jinien. The noblest of the Se- nators, T. Manlius, engaged and slew a Gaul, that challeng- ed any one of the Romans to a single duel^ and taking frcmi him a gold chain, and putting it upon his own neck, he fore- ver after got the surname of Torquatus for himself and his posterity. The Gauls were routed, 2lX\^ presently after con* quered by the Dictator, C. Sulpicius, JVot long after the Thuscans were conquered by Cuius Marcius, seven thousand prisoners of them were led in triumph, 6. The Census, or survey of the people, was again tak- en. And tbe Latins, who had been subdued by the Romans, refusing to furnish their quota ol soldiers, recruits were levi^ ed from amongst the Romans only, and ten lt^gio7if< completed^ which numbtr made * sixty thousand armed men or more • the Roman state being as yet but small. Such was their abiiU ty notwithstanding in military affairs, who marching against the Gauls under L, Furius Ca- .f l^Tvl f ''♦^ "^f^^^'u ^''^ ^'"' "^ ^^'^ ''«'°" '■" ^^'* ^^y consisted •t 4200 foot and 300 horse. S8 EUIROPir iiiiumeRomanis, quiesset oplinui3,provocavit. Turn se iMarcus Vakrius, Tri- buniis Militum, oLituIit ; etcum prccessisset ar- inauis, corvus ei supra ciextrum brachium sedit : mox, commissa adversus Galium pugna, idemcor- Yus alis et unguibus Galli oculosveiterat, lie rectum posEet aspicere ; ita ut, a Tribune Valerio interfec- tiis, non solum vicloriam ei, scd etiam notiien de- merit. Nam postea idem Corvinus est dictus, ac propter hoc meritum,an- norum trium et viginti Consul est factus. 7. Latini, qui noluerant xnilitcs dare, hoc quoque a Romanis exigere ccepe- runt, ut unus Consul, ex eorum, alter ex Romano- rum populo, crearetur. Quod cum esset negatum, bellum contra cos suscep- tum est, & ingenti pugna ^ superati sunt: ac de'his perdomitis triumphatuin est, Statuw Contulibus ob mciitum Victoria in Ros- millus their general^ one cfthe Gauls chalkngtd any one of the liomaiiti^ that -^as the besi at hi^ weapons. U/ion that^ M^ Valerius, a Tribune of the soldiers, (offered himself) and marching out armed, * a crow sat u/iun his right arm ; pre~ sently after, rchen the fight a- gainst the Gaul begun, the same crow struck the eyes of the Gaul iviih his wings and claws, that he could not look right be- fore; so that, being slain by the Tribune, he gave him not only the victory, but a name too. For afterivarda the same man ivas called Corvinus, and for this service ivas made Consul at three and twenty years of age. 7. The Latins, '!vho had re- fused to furnish their fjiiota of men, begun to demand this too of the Romans, that one Consul should be made from arnongst their /leo/de, and the other out of the Romans: which being denied than, a ttyar was under- taken against them, and they overthrown in a great battle ; and the generals triumphed for the conquest of them. Statue* were erected in the f Rostra for * Livy anrl Victor say l!ic crow sat upon his helmet, nhlch Madam Oaciei thinks more hkcly to be true, because iie waiit( d his ri^ht arm to h-ht with. A httle conHderahoii mi-ht have satisiied that learnecJ lady that her criticism was needless, the whole bein;; a very ridicu- lous story. There is small reason sure to think that Providence slioiild interpose by a miracle to dispatch a poor Gaul. f Rostrum, which properly si,'nilics a bird's bill or beak, is used too iw)r ?harp spike.-, fixed in the pro vs of their Lon^^ Naves, or men of LIBER II. 29 ins posita sunt, 8. Jam Romani potentes esse coeperant; bellum e- nim in ceJitesimo Sc tricesi- mo fvire milliario ab urbe apud Samnites gcrebatur, qui medii sunt intei' Pi- cenum, Campaniam Sc A- puliam. Lucius Papii'ius Cursor cum honore Dic- taloris ad id bellum pro- fectus est, qui, cum Ro- inam rediisset, Q. Fabio Maximo magistro equi- tuni, quern apud exerci- tum reliquit, piaccepit, ne ?>e absente pugnaret. Ille, occasione reperta, felicis- sime dimicavit, 8c Sam- nites delevit, ob quam lem a Dictatore capitis damnatus quod se vetante pugnasset, ingenti favore miliium & populi libera- Uis est; tanta Papirio se- diiione commota, ut pe- ne ipse interficeretur. 9. Postea Samnites, Romanos, TitoVeturio & Spurio Posthumio Consu- libus, ingenti dedecore vi- cerunt, & sub jugum mi- serunt. Pax tamen a se- natu Sc populo solula est, the Consuls, for their good «er- vice in this victory, 8. lyie Romans had now be- gun to grow powerful^ fjr a war was carried on with the Samniies, at almost a hundred and thirty miles from the city^ who are in the middle betwixt Ficene^ Campania and Apulia, L, Papirius Cursor went tu that war, with the honor of Dictator, who when he return'- ed to Rome, charged Q, Fabius Maxitnus, master of the horscy whom he left with the army^ that he should 7iot fight whilst he was absent. He finding his advantage, engaged the ene- my very successfully, a?id cut of the Samnites, for which thing being condemned to die by the Dictator, because he had fought though he forbad him, he was delivered by the great favour of the soldiers, and the people: so great a mutiny be- ing raised against Papirius^ that he was well nigh slain, 9. Jfterwards the Samnites defeated the Romans with huge disgrace, and obliged them to pass under the * yoke when T, Veturius, and S/iurius Post* humius were Consuls, The peace however was broken by ^ar under waitr for sinking one another. The Romans had with •some of these, taken from the aucients, adorned a part of the forum, which from tlience received the name of Rostra. * This yoke was a spear tied across two others stuck in the grotind iinder which the Romaus used to oblige tlieir vanquished caj)tive enemies to pass disarmed. Tliey had the comj.liment returned them «ometimes as here by the Sacinites. C2 so LUTKOPil LIBER IT. 31 qus cum ipsis propter necessitattrm facta fuerat. Poslca Samnites victi sunt a L. Papirio Consulc: sep- tem nilllia eortim sub ju- g\im nfissa» Papirius de Samnitibus Iriumphavit. Eo tempore Applua Clau- dius Censor aquam Clau- k^^(^ taic th^r leyecge gf tli^w» rum copio: contra Roma- nos ThuscisSamnitibusqi iunxcrunt: sed cum Ro- mam tenderentaCn.Cor- nelio Dolabella Coubulcr deletx sunt. 11. Eodem tempore Tarentinis, qui jam in ul- tima Italia sunt, bellum indicium est; quia legu- tis Romanomm injuriam fccisscnt. Hi Pynhum Kpiri regem contra Ro- manos in auxilium po- poscerunt, qui ex genere Achillis originem trahe- bat; is mox ad Italiam venit, tumque piimum Romani cum transmarino hoste dimicaverunt. Mis- sus est contra cum Con- sul P. Valerius Lxvinus: qui, cum explaratores Pyrrhi cepisset, jussit eos per castra duci, ostendi- que omnem exercitum, tumque dimitti, utrenun- tiarent Pyrrho quacum- que a Romani s agerentur. Commissa mox pugna, cum jam Pyrrhus fugerct, elephantorum auxilio vi- cit: quosincognitosRoma- niexpaverunt:scdnoxprac- iio fincm dedit. Laivinus tamen per noclem fugit. Pyrrhus Romanos mille octmgentos cepit, eosque .'^elvcs with the Thuscans and Sinnniccs against the Roma?i& ; but as they were march irig for Rorne^ they were cut off by Cn, Cornelius Dolabella the Consul. 1 1. *At the same time war ivas pirocluimed agairist the Ta- rcntinesy who are •\7iovj in the /urthcst part of Italy^ because they had offered an abuse to the ambassadors of the Romans. lliese sent for Pyrrhus king of Fpire, to their assistance a- gaiuHt the Romans, who deri- ved his extracfion from the family cf Achilles, He came presently into Italy, and the?i J or the first t:me did the Ro- majiS engage with a foreign enemy. The Ccusul P. Fait" rius Lccvinus was se?it against him ; who^ when he had taken Pyrrhus^ scouts^ ordered them to be led through the campi^ and the whole army to be shewn them^ and then to bi dismissed, that they might tell Pyrrhus what was doing by the Ro» ma?is. Soo?i after a battle be- ing fought, when now Pyrrhui was ready to run for it, he Jire- vailed by the assistance of his elepha?its, which the Rctnans dreaded, as being unknown to them. But night jmt an end to the battle, L^vinus however fled in the 7iight. Pyrrhus * In the year of Rome 472. f What>m has to do here, I know not. TJ)C Tarentincs were, )& th« dajs 9f Eutropius, in thesawie j[.lace they \yefc lu Pyrrhus' tiuit» EUTROPII siimmo honore tractavit, occisos sepelivit. Quos cum advtrso vulnere & truci vuUu, etiam mortu- os, jaceie vidisset, tulisse ad coelum manus dicitur, cum hac voce : se totius oibis domiiium esse po- tuissc si talcs sibi milites contigi^scnt. 12. Postea Pyrrlius, junclis sibi Samnitibus, Lucanis, Brutiisque, Ro- mam porrexit, omnia fer- ro igneque vastavit, Cam- paniam depopulatus est, atque ad Praeneste venit, milliario ab urbc octavo- decimo. Moxterroreexer- cilus, qui eum cum Con- sulc sequebatur, in Cam- paniam se recipit. Le- ^ati ad Pyrrhum de redi- m^ndis captivis niihsi, ab «o honorifice suscepti «unt, captivos sine pretio Romam misit. Unum ex legatis Romanorum Fab- ricium sic admiratus est, ut cum eum pauperem es- •ae cognovibset, quartn parte regni promissa, so- 'licitare voluerit ut ad se transiret : contemptusque a Fabricio est. Qnare cum Pyrrhus ingenti Romano- Tum admiratione tencre- tur, legatum misit, quipa- -cem xquis conditionibus pete ret; prsccipuum yicura took a thrAi^and eight hundrt€. Romans^ a?id tTcatcd them ii'ith the greatest honor^ and buried their slain. JVhom ivhen he sail) lie ivith ivounds before^ and stern looks, even when dead, he is said to have held up hia hands to heaven, rjith this saying, that he could bt master of the ivhole tvorld, if such soldiers had fallen to his share. 1 2. jlftericards Pyrrhus ivith the SamniteSy L.itcanian8 and Brutians, marched to-wards Rome, laid all waste with fire and aword, ravaged Cam/jania, andcaineto Promcsteat eighteen miles distant /ro/;? the city. By and by he retired to Ca/n/uinia, for fear of the armu which fol- lowed him with the Consul, Ambassadors being sent to Pyrrhus about redeeming their prisoners, they were honora- bly entertained by him ; and he sent away all the prisoner* without ayiy ransovri to Rome, He 80 admired one of the Ro- man ambassadors. Fabric ius^ that when he tcnderstood he was poor, he endeavored to en- gage him to come over to him, by promising him a fourth part of his kingdo7n, and was re- jected by Fabricrus, Where- fore Pyrrhus being taken with great admiratioji of the Ro- nians^ sent an ambassador ta desire peace upon eguai terms, who was the principal person about him, Cineas by name ; LmER II. Cineam nomine; ut Pyr- rhus partem Ilalix, quam jam armis occupaverat, obtineret. \2» Pax displlcuit; re- mandatumque Pyrrho a senatu est, eum cum Ro- manis, nisi ex Italia re- cessisset, pacem habere non posse. Tum Romani )usserunt captivos omnes, ({iios Pyrrhus reddiderat, i' infames haberi, qui se ar- mis deftndere potuissent; nee ante eos ad veterem statum revcTti, quam sibi notorum hostium occiso- rum spolia retulisssent Ita legatus Pyrrhi rever- sus est ; a quo cum qux- reret Pyrrhus, q\ialem Romam comperisset, Ci- neas dixit, regum se pat- riam vidisse; scilicet tales illic esse omnes, qualis u- nus Pyrrhus apud Epirum & reliquam Grxciam pu- taretur. Missi sunt con- tra Pyrrhura duces P.Sul- picius & Decius MusCon- sules. Certamine commis- so, Pyrrhus vulneratus est elephantes intcrfecti, viginta millia cxsa hosti- mn; Sc ex Romanis tan- U.un quincjue millia. Pyr- rhus Tare n tum fugalus. 14. Interjecto anno, contra Pyrrhum Fabricius est missus; qui prius in- ter legates solicitari non so that Pyrrhus should have that part of Italy, which he had already seized by his arms, 13. This peace dispdi^ased them, and word was sent back again to Pyrrhus by the 6V- naie, that he could have no peace with the Rojnans, unless he retirtdout of Italy, Then the Romans ordered all. he pri' soners, whom Pyrrhus had re- stoed, to he accounted infa- mousy who had been able to dc' feJid themselves by arms ; arid that they fhould not return to their former condition, before they had brought out of the fitld the spoils of noted enemies slain by themselves, So the ambassador of Pyrrhus return» ed ; of whom when Pyrrhus enquired, what sort of a place he found Rome to be, Cineas told him, that he had seen the country of Kings; for they were all there such, as Pijrrhus clone was thought to be in lip ire, and the rest of Greece. The Consuls P, Sulpicius arid Decius Mas were se?it generals against Pyrrhus, yl battle being fought, Pyrrhus was wounded, his elephants killed, and twen- ty thousand of the enemies slain ; and only five thomand of the Romans. Pyrrhus was driven to Tarentum. 14. A year after, Fabricius was sent against Pyrrhus, who being before amongst the anu ba-isadorsy could not be tempted 24 EUTROPII potuerat, quarta parte regni promissa. Turn, cum vicina castra ipse et rex haberent, medicus Pyrrhi ad eum nocte ve- nit, promiiiens veneno Pyrrhum occisurum,si si- bi aliquid polliceretur; quern Fabricius vinctum rcduci jussii ad dominum, Pyrrhoquedici,qu3c contra caput ejus medicus spo- spondisset. Turn rex ad- Riiranseumdixisseferur: Ille est Fabricius, qui dif- ficilius abiionestate,quam sol a cursu suo averii po- test. Tum rex in Sicili- am profectus est. Fabri- cius, victis Samnitibu^ & Lucanis, triumphavit. Consules deinde Marii- us Curius Dentatus, & Cornelius Lentulus adver- sum Pyrrhum missi sunt, & Curiuscontra eum pu^- navit; exercitum ejus ce- cidit; ipsum Tarentum fugavit, castra cepit. Ea die cnesa sunt hostiumvi- ginti tria millia. Curius Dentatus in consulaiu tri- umphavit. Primus Ro- mam elephantos qu.ituor duxit. Pyrrhus etiam a Tarento mox recessil, & apud Argos Grxcix civi- tatem occisus est. 15. Caio Fabricio Lus- cino, C. Claudio Cinna Consulibus, anno urbis ♦ To assist by a promise of the fourth fiurt of Pyrrhus* kingdom. Then^ ivhilst he and the King had their cam/is near together^ Pyrrhus' fihy^iciun came to him in the nighty promising to take off' Pyrrhus by fioison^ if he would promise him any thing for his pains ; whom Fabricius order' ed to be carried back bound to his master^ and Pyrrhus to be told what the physician had of frrcd against his life. Then the King admiring him is reported to have saidy Fabricius is the man that may with more diffi* culty be removed from the ways of honor^ than the sun from his course» * Then the King went into Sicily, Fabri" cius having conquered the Sam" nites and Lucanians triumph' ed. Then the consul» Manius Curius DeTitatusand Cornelius I^entulus were sent against Pyrrhus^ and Curius fought against him^ cut off a great part of his army ^forced him to Tarentum^ and took his camp. That day twenty-three thou* s^nd of the enemy were slainm Curius Dentatus triumphs d in his Consulship. He first brought four elephajits to Rome, Pyr" rhus likewise soon after retired from Tarentum., and was slain at Argofty a city of Greece, 15. When Caius Fabricius I^usciniiSy and C, Claudius Cinna were Consuls in the year the SyracHsiaiis LIBER n. 5^ •ondita cccclxi. legati A- * 46 1 from the building of the lexaiidrini a Piolemaeo city, ambassadors from Alcxan- missi, Ronrjam venere, & dria sent by Ptolemy came to a Romanis amicitiam, Rome^ and obtained of the Ro- quam petierant, obtinue- mans the alliance which theL runt. had desired, ^ IG. Quinlo Gulone, C. 16. When Q. Gulo and C. i-abio PictoreConsuhbus, Fabius Pictor were Cofufyj'-^ icentes bellum commo- the Picentes raised a war, and vere; & ab inscquentibus '^^^re conquered by the folhwinrr Coiisulibus Publ. Sem- Consuls, P Sempronius and promo, Appio Claudio Appius Claudius ; and thsy tri victi sunt; Scde his tri- umphed over them. Two c it iel wmphatum est, Conditx a were then built by the Roinart Romanis civitates, Ar- ^ Arminium in Gaul, and ISc* mmium m Gallia, & Be- neventum in Samnium. neven um in Samnio. 17. Marco Aitilio Re- 17. When M. AttiUus Re gulo, Lucio Junio Libone gulusa',d L. Junius JLibo werJ Consulibus Salcntinis in Consuls, war was Proclaimed Apulia btrllum mdictum agaimt the Salentines in Ahv est; captique sunt cum lia ; and the t Brundusmn' CI v.tate sinuil Brtmdusini, were taken, together wnh tZv &cle las triumphatum est. city, and there was a triumph upon their account, 18. Anno cccclxxvii. is Tn the ijear 477. wh,» cumjamclarumurbi.Ro- now th.name of the city R mx nomen esset, arma ta- was famous, yet their arms had men extra Italiam mota not been carried out of halu nonfuerant. Ut igitur That therefore it might be known cognosceretur, quae copise what the forces of the Roman» Romanorum essent, cen- were, a Census, or survey C^ susest habitus; tum in- taken; then the heads of Z venia sunt civium capita citizens were found to be two ccxcn. mdlia cccxxxui. hundred and ninety two thZ quanquam a condita urbe sand three hundred and thiny. * It should be 470. by^.he Romans ^' sirT^ "" "" k'' ""'••' "^ ""'y- ^^''^^ »«•■* call«l uy >ne iiomani,, (,„//,„ Cisai'mu, because inhabited bv c, „\. I ■ n«,n. l^s upon th, Adriatic ,ea, 'and i. now "aMeSK',' " ^™'" t Brandusium, now called «,„«/„/,■, lies in that oart of ii,i., t- i. w» fonnerly c^ed Calaina. upon tie U^.^.'^i^^^l^^X 5'6 LUTKOPil LIBER IL »r Afri.5 & rege Sicllix Hie- roiiC Iriumphavit. jS. ln«;eqiicnte anno, "V tlftiio Marco k Octaci- nrnqiiambellacessassent. thr^f^ though ^vcrs had neve v Et contra AfiOi btllum ctased from the bnildhig of the susct'ptum est primum, city. And the first 'ivur ivas Appio Ciaudio & Quinto undertaken againat the Afn- F ulvio C,;onsuIibus. in Si- caiis, ^vhen .'iV;^/,/z^* Claudius cilia contra ecspugnaun-i and Q, Fulvius\vcrc Cousuis. ^^st,& Appiiis Claudius cle ^ Vie i/ fought against than ir. '"^icilit, and Jppius Claudius triumfihcd for his conquest of the Afriamsy and Hiero King cf Sicily, ]y. In tlie foil 07V ing year, . , vJicn Valerius Marcus and I'oConbulibus» in Sicilia a Ocracilius WGYeCoJi&uls, great Homanis res niaL>rna {gestae thing,^ vjere fierforined by the £unt. Tanrominitani, Ca- Ilomans in S:cihj. * The 7b«. lantnses, & pixterea ror,iinita7ii^ Catanenses^and 50 rjy.nquagmta civilutes in ciiiea besides -.verc taken in f.demaccepu-esunt. Ter- upon promise of good quar- im anno ni bicilia contra \cr. In the 3J vcar, war ivas Uieronembciluniparatinn levied against I'/icro in ."Sicily, est. Is cum omni nobi- Jle ivith all the nobility of the litate Syracusanorum pa- ^yracusians obtained a peace cem a Romanis inipetra- from the Romans, and ^ave vit, deditque argenti tal- them Hvo hundred U^lents of silver. The Africmis in Sicily ivere coiiquercd^ and there ivas a triumph a second time at Jiojne upon their accrunt, ... 20. In the \ 5th tmr of the Funici, quod contra Afros Punick ivar, which ivas carried gertbaliir, prnnum Ko- on agamu the Jfricans, the rnani C. Duilio & Cn. liomaus first fought by sea, Corncho Asnio Consuli- vvhen C. Uidlius, and C. Cor. busjininandimicaverunt, nelius Minus >vcic Con,uls, paraus navibus roslratis, Providing [ovih^iwposQ ships UuJVirr^^^fn'^ '"^ Catanenscs lay on the cast side of the Jsnu^AlifTT?^'^''''?- ?^ '" the common reckoning of n^oney, J^s. ' Klti^:^ J ,T' '"^'''\ '''T '''^' ^'^^^ ^^ ^^^^-^ »'^^" i" value ''t T '"^'^/"^•'•^ t'^^" ^^vo hundred pouudi sierluu t The lourth jt should have been. 2nta ducenta. Afri in Si- cilia victi sunt, Sc de his secundo Romse trium- l^haium est. 20. Quinto anno belli J"" quas "Liburnas vocabant. ivith Nostra, which they called Consul Cornelius frau- * Libumian, The Comul Cor^ de deceptusest. Duihus, nellus ivas ^ trepamied by commissoprxlio, Cartha- treachery, Duilius giving the ginensiom ducem vicit, tr\tn\Y battle, drfcated the ge- triginta naves et alteram neral of the Carthaginians, took cepit, xiv. mersitjviij.mil- 31 ships, sunk fourteen, took lia hostium cepit, tria mil- tight thousand of the enemies^ lia occidit ; neque ulla vie- and killed 5000 ; nor ivas any toria Romanis gratiorfuit, victory more acceptable to the quod in victi terra, jame I i- Romans^ because being invin-^ am mari plurimum pos- cible by land, they ivere noi9 sent. C. AquilioFloro, L. very powerful too by sea» C. Scipione Consulibus, Sci- Jquilius Florus, and L, Scipio pio Corsicam & Sardini- being Consids, Scipio wasted am vastavit, multa mijlia Corsica and Sardinia, carried inde capiivorum abduxil, off many thousand priseners triumphum egit. from thence, and had a tri^ U7nph, 21. Lucio Manlio Vol- 21. Z. Manlius Volso, and soneM.AttilioConsulibus. M. Jttilius being Consuls, the "bellummAfricamtransla- war ivas carried into Africa turn est contra Hamilca- against Bamilcar, the general remCarlhaginensiumdu- of the Carthaginians ; a battle cem ; in man pugnatum, was fought at sea, and he was I'lctusque est. Nam pcrdi- comjuervd. For losing 64 ddhs -tislx.v. navibu. retro se he steered off ; the Romans los( recep.t; Romani xxiii. ^o i but after they had passed «m.serunt; sed cum in over into Africa, they first of Afncanri transissent, pri- all tookClyPea,a city cfAfrrri inum Clypeam Africa ci- upon surrender. The Consuls Vitatem in deditionem ac- advanced up to Carthage, and ceperunt. Consules usque havtng laid waste many towns, ad Carthagmem processe- Manlius returned victorious to onn-V Ai^'^r'' ''^'''^'' ^^^^^^^ and brought off 27 thou^ oppidis, Manl.us victor sand prisoners. Attilius Re. Romam rednt, & xxvii. gulus remained in .4frica. He ^8 EUTROPII LIBER 11. inilliacaptivorumreduxit. drew up his army against the AtliliusRcgulus ill Africa ^ijricans^ and engaging with remansit K contra Af- l/iree generals of the Canha- rosaciem instruxil, contra ginians^ was conqueror. He tres Carlhaginensium du slew eighteen thousand of the ces dimicans, victor iuil: enemies^ took Jive thousand xviii. inillia liostiiiin ce- wi:h eight eiefihuntSy and re- cidit, quinqiie millia cum ceived 74 cities upon proiuise viii. ciephantib'js ctpil. of quarter. Then the conquer- Ixxiv. civiiates ni fidcm ed Carthaginians begged /icace accepit. Tir.nvictiCartha- of the Romans; which when ginenscspucemaRomanis Regulus would not grant them pcticrui^M : qnamcuinRe- but upon very hard terms, the gului noil jt nisi durissimis Jjricans begged assistance of con(liti;.i.ibus dale, Afri the Lacedemonians ; and by the aiixilium a Lacedxinoniis general Xanti/i/ius^ who was peti'-Mint: Sc dncc Xanlip- suit them by the Lacedemo- po, qui a Lact dxmoniis ?uans, the general o/ the Ro- m. • !is fiierat, Homano- mans, Regulus, was defeated rumduxHej;nhi. victusfst with/irodigious slaughter: for ulf-imu periiicic : nam duo there were only two (hou-^and in 111 i tiominiim tanum men I' ft (f all the Roman ar- ex omni Roiii^no exe'ci- m'j ; fft^en thjusund with the tu remanserimt ; qiiu-de- commauder Kei(uhis were tak- cini millia cum iin;:eia- en^ thirty ihoiisaiul slain^ Rc' loi-e Rc^ulo c «pta su:U, gulus himself clujA in chains. 7 XX. millia occisa. Re Jun- ius ip't' in catenas con- jectus. 22. M .Emillo Paulo, 22, When Af. j^niiliua Seiv. Fulvio \(vbilio;e Pauns.iXiid^-. J'^ulv ins A obi- Con ■^uhbii'i, an. bo Con- liar wttv CunsulSi borh the sales Romani Afiicttm Roman C'msuls went to jifrica^ profecti sunt, cum trecen- they make f^r Clypta ivith a tarum navium cLisse Cly- feet of 300 ships, and firoceed- peam petunl, Sc coniia ed again-i the Carthageniani, Curlliai^inenses vcnerunt. I'hey first d feat the Af leans Pnmum Afros navuli ccr- in a sea Ji:ht, The Consul tamine superant. iEnuli- JEmilius aunk* 104 ships of' us Coiibui cen um Sc qua- the enemies^ took 30 with the tuor naves hoatiuui de- soldiern on board, either ^iet» mersit, triijiQla cnii pug- o^ took 15 thousand of the en- * itom«siay 114, 39> latorrbus cepit, quinde- cim millia hostium aut occidit, aut cepit, mili- tem suum ingcnti prxda ditavit ; Sc subacta Africa turn fnissct, nisi tanta fci- mes fuisseTut diutius ex- pectareexercitus non pos- set. Consules cum vic- trici classe rcdeuntes, cir- ca Siciliam naufragium passi sunt: Sc tanta tem- pestas fuit, ut ex quadrin- gentis sexaginta quatuor Ravibus, octoginta serva- ri vix potuerint ; neque ullo tempore tanta mariti- ma tempestas r.udita est. Romani tamen statim tre- centas naves reparaverunt, neq; in aliquo animus his infract us fuit. 23. Cnxus Servilius Cacpio & C. Sempronius Blaisus Consules cum du- ccntis sexaginta navibus ad Africam profecti sunt, aliquotcivitates ceperunt: p:asJam ingentem redu- cenies, naufragium passi sunt. Itaque cum conti- iiuze calamiiates Romanis displicerent, decrevit se- nalus, ut a maritimis prae- niies, and enriched his sol- diers with abundance of plun- der, And Africa would have been then subdued, if there had not been so great a famine, that the army could not stay any longer. The Consuls return- ing with the victorious Jlcetf suffered sliipwreck about Sicily, And so great was the tempesty that of*464 ships, scarce four- score could be saved: nor wa» ever so great a tempest at sea. heard of at any time. Yet the Romans irmnediately built 300 new ships, nor was their cou-- rage f broken in ajiy resjiect. 23. The Consuls Cndoiis Ser- vilius Cxfiio. and C. Sempro- nius Blccsus, vjent to ylfric^with 260 shi/is, and took some cities ; and bringing buck abundance cf plunder, suffered shipwreck, therefore because these con- tinued losses did not please the Rowans, the Senate decreed to decline fighting at sea, and that there should ouly sijcty ships be kef it for the security of Italy. nistlv f k/ T )' am.stake in the number, as Madam Darler t^Af^^:iH •,'wV /''■*'" ''? '>ut just told us, that the Consuls went iome f?.. n . f it'^''\?"^ '•'"' "^*^- '^^'^^ '^"^^ 3«' ^^'^i^-'^ together fr.'Stioned hy some. For, 1st, Folyl)ius, who writes the histoiy of this war, sayii not a word of it ; of which silence, in a matter so remarkable and important, Jio other account can be given, but that he did not be'Jeve it, or knevr it to be false, but perhaps had no mind to take notice of it, as such, for fear of givir.g oflence to tiie IJomans, who appear to have been fond of th.e story. 2*11 v, U'e learn from a fragment of Dio.lortis Sicu- jup, th-^t the iwo Carthajrinian generals, Bostar and Hamilcar, taken prisoners in this war, weie put into tJje hands of the Attilii, s-ms of this Kegulus ; that some time after, upon the death of Kegulus, hig widow supposing he had died from < ruel treatment, incensed" her song so much au:ainst their priioneis, that by their ill usage of them, one of them died ; and complaint being- made to the tribunes of the Com- mons of the matter, they summoned tlie young gentlemen before them, and threatened them with very severe punishment, if they did net for the time to come take all fitting and due care of their prisoners ,• and that they narrowly escaped benjg put to death for v/hat they had done, as highly tending to the scandal of the Koman name. From whicit put lojicther, it appears very likely, that this sfory of the cruel death Kt-uius was put to, was a pure invention of the Attilii, or their mo- ther, to cover or excuse their own barbarity. See Palermius' note upon Appiamus Alexandrinus of Millius' edition, vol, 2; p. 4. * From the building of the eitv, 510. b2 42 tUTROPlI I.IBER II. 4S 26. P . Chudio Pul- chro, C. JunioConsulibus, Claudius contra auspicia piii^nuvit, & a Caitha- ^'ineniiibus victus est : N.;iii ex ducentis etviginti navlbus, cum tri?-inta fiv- git: xc. cum pugnatoribiis capta sunt, demersx c?;- leise, vij^intiir.illiacapta. Alius quoque consul clas- stm nautVagio amisit, ex- ercitura tamen salvumha- buit ; quia vicina littora crant. -7. Caio Luctatio Catu- lo, Aulo Poslhumio Al- bino Consulibus, anno bel- li Punici vigesimo lertio, Catulo belUim centra Af- ros commis>um est. Pro- fecUis est cum ccc. navi- bus in Siciliam. Afii con- tra ipsum Gccc. pa rave- runt. Luctatius Catulus navemxgerascendit: vul- neratus enim in pugna superiore fuerat. Conira Lilybxum civitatem Sici- hx pugnatum est ingenti "viriute Romanorum ; ram Ixxiii. Carthaginensium naves captac sunt, cxxv. demersx; xxxii. millia hostium capta, xiii. occi- sa« infinitum auri argen- ,/iut to death with all manner of tortures, 26. When P. Claudius Pulcher, and C. Junius were Consuls, Claudius /ought con» trarij to the auspices, and was defeated by the Carthaginians ; for hejled with 30 only of 220 shifis ; 90 ivcre taken loith the soldiers on board ; the rest vjere sunk and tweniy thousand men made /iri^oners. The other Consul too lost his fleet by ship'» wreck, yet saved his army be" cause the shore was near. 27. C. Luctatius Catulus and A. JFosthumius Albinus being Consuls, in the year of the Car- thagi?iian war 23, the war against the Africans was com- mitted to Catulus» He nvent with 300 ships into Sicily, The Africans fitted out 400 against him» Luctatius Catulus went aboard his ship sick^ for he had been wounded in a former flght, A battle was fought with the utmost braver^ on the Roman side, over against * Lily^ baum, a city of Sicily ; for 73 shijis of the Carthaginians were taken, 125 sunk, thirty -two thousand of the enemies made /irisonersy and thirteen thou- sand slain. An inflnite quantity of gold and silver came int§ tique pondus in potestatem Romanoium redactum. Ex classe Romana duode- cim naves demergac; pug- natum est vi. idus Marii- as. Statim Carthaginen- ses pacem petierunt, tri- butaque iis pax. Captivi Romanorum, qui tene- bantur a Carthaginensi- bus, reddiii sunt, litiani Carthaginensespetierunt, ut redimi eos captivos li- ceret, quos ex Afiis Ro- mani tenebant. Senalus jussit sine pretio dari eos, (]ui in piiblica custodia es- sent; qui autem a privatis tenerenlur, ut, pretio do- minis reddito, Carthagi- nem redirent; atque id pretium ex fisco magis quam aCarihagincnbibus solveretur. 28. Quintus Luctatius, Aulus Manlius Consules creati, bellurti Faliscis in- tiilcrunt; quae civitas Ita- liac opulenta quondam fu- it: quod ambo Consules intrascx dies postquam ve- the fiosscsaion of the Romans s twelve shi/is of the Roman fleet were sunki this battle wa% Jought upon the *sixth before the ides cf March, ImmedU ately the Carthaginians sued for fitace, and a peace was grant» ed to them. The prisoners of the Roman Sy who were in fws» session of the Carthaginians^ were restored. The Cart ha» giriians likewise desired, they might be permitted to redeein their prisoners, which the Ro- mans had of I he Africans, -[The Senate ordered those to be re» stored without ransom, whg who were in the custody of the public; but for those who were in the possession of private per» sons, that their ransom money being paid their masters, they should return to Carthage; and that that money should be paid out of the public treasury, rathtr than by the Carthagini^ ane, 28. Quintus Luctatius and Aidufi Manlius being cliosen Consuls, made war upon the Falisci: which was formerly a wealthy state of Italy; which the Consuls together finished in six day8,ofter they came there 2 * Lilybaeum lay ia tb€ southwest €tro€r of tbc isbiad, A«ar a csrpe •f ih^ samcuumt» * That is on the 1 0th of March. For in Ihe months July and October, the 15th day was called the Ides, the second of the Ides, or prid.e idwou, and so backw day, which in the forementioned months was called in all the other months, the 13th was the Ides, and th f This was generous and noble, and notiinii? like ^«Sulus, to tUe lum of |ii5 b^RQi; and their ewa shajue of Af arch, May, the day before, ards, till the 7th the Nones ; but e 5th the Kones. ofieriiig to keep ■L-jt-j.atfjf.-aLs-flieittflt.i. ■ Len- tulo, Fulvio Flacco Co'i- sulibus, quibus Hiero Ro- W, HEREFORK the F^u* nick war being ended ^ which^ was carried on for 22 years ^ the Romans beii.ff now famous for their most ct'ehrated glory ^ aent umbafisud^^rs to Ptolemy ^ King of Kgij/i t . prom ising him assistance ; because ylntiLchuSy King of .S\' ia hud uiude war upon hlm^ He gitve thanks to the Kumnns, b'it did not accept their ansistavd ; Jor now the war was ended, At the same time Hiero the most /loiverful King of iSicily, came to Komc to see thf nu!~)lic gom^fi^ a?id presented 200,000 *Modii of wheat tj the people, 2. L. Cornelius Lentnlns and JFulvius Flaccus being Consuls^ in w/iuse year Hiero had come * The Mod'rts is commonly computed to be about a peck aad s kalf of our measure. 4€ EUTROPII LIBER Til 47 mam venerat, etiam con- to Romc^ a vjarivas carried on tra Ligures intra Italiam likeivise oi^ainst the Ligurians belliim gestnm est, el de within Itahj^ and there nous a histriumj)halum. Cattha- triumjih ufvm their Qceoxmt, ginenses turn bella repar- The Carthaginians then at» are tentabant, Sardinian- teinf}ted to renerj the *ivar^ ex- sea, qui ex conditione pa- citing the Sardinians^ vjho by cis Romanis parerc debe- an article of ptace were obliged bant, ad rcbellairJum im- to be subject to the Romans^ to pellentes : Vcnittamenle- rebel; yet an embassy of the gatio Carthaginensium Carthaginians came to Rome, Romam, et pacem impe- and obtained peace, travit. 3. Tito Manlio Tor- 3. T. ManliuR Tovquatut qiiato, Caio Avtilio Balbo and C AtiUiua Dalbus being Consiilibus, de Sardis tri- Conauls^ there was a tvium/ih umphaluiTi est; et pace over the Sardinians: and a omnibus locis facta, Ro- peace being made in all places^ mani nullum btUum ha- the Romans had no war, which buejunt, quod his post had happened to them but once* Romam conditam, semel since the building of Rome, taniimi, Numa Pompilio when J\'uma Rowpilius luas regnante, contiti^erat- reigfiing, 4 Lucius Posthumius 4. The Consuls L. Posthu- Alhinus, Cnreus Fulvius miiis Albimu, Cficcus Fulvius CentumaltisConsulcs bel- Centumalwi carritdon a war lum conti't? Illyrios gesse- against the Jlhjrians: and ret- ruiU: el muliii. civittitibus ing many cities, received like- captis, eliam reges in de- wise their f-rinces upon siibmis» flitionem acceperunt. si(.u. Th-n for the first time Turn primuin de lllyriis thfre was a triumph over the trinmphatum est. Illurians. 5. Lucio jEmlio Con- 5. When X. Mniilius sule, in.;;entes Gallorum was Consul^ a vast army of eopix Alj)es I'-ansicruiil : tha Gauls Jiasftcd the Jlps: but sed pro Homanistola ha- all Italy was unanimous for the iiaconsenbit: tiadilumque Romans; and it is recorded by est F?bio historico, qui ei Fabius the historian, who was belio inttrfuit, dccc. mil- actually present in that war, lid homuium parata ad id that *eight hundred thousand * All iijce lib!e number, consid ring the fxoma.Ms ir,)ori other ocoa- ei'jiis licver aiiucU'J t''t'at anaieii tbey rarely evcofctled forty tUo«- tellum fuisse : sed res per Co ibulestanii»mprospere gesia est : xl millia host- iiim interfccta sunt, el tri- unipluis ^E nilio decretus. 6. Ali(]uoi deiiidc anr.is post, contra Gal:os intra liaham puguatian Cbl : finitnmciUc; est bellum Marco Ciuudio Marctho, Cnxo CoiMitUo Scipioue Coubulibus. 'i'unc Marcel ]l:s cnm parva nianu f qni- tum diiiiicavii, et v*.v^ m Giilloium, Viridom.i uni nomine, maruK uaocr.idit. Posted c iui coUega suo iiigentes co))ias '^/ liorum pcremit; Medicli • um ex- pugn. vit : grui. ; m prrc- dum Romam peilulit- ac li-iiimphans Marr^l';--) spolia Gt;!'.i slipiti impu situ Iiumcris tuis vexlt 7. M Alinucio, P. Cor- neli.>Coi>ulibub)IsHi'o bel- lum illaium eat, (' '.. latro- ciuati naves Ron. u.rum fuerant, qux ttuinei:;a exhibc bant ; pt rdomificj ; sunt omnes. Lodcm an- no Punicum t-ecundmn men were levied for that wari but the busititss ivas success- fully managed by the Consuls only ; foriy thou.^and of the e- nemy were slain; and a tri" « inph vot edfo r Aim / liu s, 6. Then someyi'ars after, the Romans again engaged against the Gauls within Italy: and the W'lr was ended by theCvnsulsM, Ciandius Murecllus and Cit^eu» Coinr'ius Sci/no. Then M.ir- ctllus /lugt-:t the enen.y with a srnat. body of horse ^ and slrw the King of the Gauls f^irido^ marus by name^ with i.iS own hands, Jficrwards with his colUagve he cut off a v., si army oj '-'n' G-^ds, took ^Me» diolanuhi . nci bu ought cbun- dance of . nder tu Rome, And MarceAus in h'f^ trium-h, car- ried upon //. V stKAudcrs the spoils c/ /// • Gaul h:ng upon a ^:,..:e, 7. J\I, Mhiucius and P, Cor- ne: .f beu:g consuls, a war wns made u/f n the ffstrians^ bi cause tlity hud r b' f/ some ''s of ilie Rcr.iuns, which HVii t bringing corn to the ci t v ; and th( j were a I concjuered In the \ sumeymr the second war sand, and were often n urh below that number; their successes weve owing to the adiniiaUK 'ontrixaiicc of their governujeji^ ai houje, for the cnrourn'^eujent ut tiue merit, and then g.,o abi,.;ui. But Ihi e ira «:d:na;y prej-aatioi: lor the leception of tije (lau.s, wasthe clieci .>^ hat tt;;nl>le iiii|>iesMut), Uje sacking- of Roine by that ^eo\>\e, had in . e m l.u Uiindsoithe Koni;.ns * In !lie northwest | srts of Italy, artve the I'o, tho capital city of the I «ople called Galli In^ubre^^, now Mi. an. t The .. ii were a people iyu.g betwixt taly and 'Myricum. X This i.i a mistake ; it wa.- two yea.s after iii. the second Punick war beguji, viz. m the year fioui iiio building of Rome 534. w^ ^t EUTROPII LIBER III. Romanis Ulatum est per Annibalem Carthaginen- sinm ducem, qui Sagun- tum Hispaniae civitaiem, Romanis amicam oppup:- nare apjgressuscst, agens viscesm Jm x*alis annum ; copiis congregatiscl. mil- libub pcditumet XX. milli- bus eqiiiiuTTi. Huic Ro- mani per legates denunci- averunt,utbeIlo abslineret. Iblegatosadmittere noluit. Romani etiam Carihagi- ncm niiseruni, ut manda- retur Anr.ibali, ne bellum contra socios populi Ro- mani gcrreretrscd durare- spoiiSH a Carthaginensi- bus reddiia. Saguntini in- terc:a,fanie victi ; capiique ab Annibalc, uliimis poe- 'i\h afiiciuniur. 8. Turn Publius Corne- lius Scipio cum exercitu in Hispaniam profectus est, Tiberius Sempronius in Siciliam, bellum Car- thaginensibus indictum est. Annibal relicto in Hispania fratre Asdrubale Pyienxum tranbiit ; Al- o/the Carthaginians V0A9 madf upon the Romansy by Jnnibal, general of the Carthaginians,, who ventured to attack *Sagun- lum, a city nf Sjiatn^ and an. o.Uy of the lioinans^ when he was going upon the t20^A year of his age ; having got together an army of an hundred and fifty thousand Joot, and twenty thousand horse. The Romans charged him, by deputies sent for that purpose, to forbear the war, he would not admit the deputies to a hearing. Tht Romans likewise sent to Car- thage, desiring that orders might be sent to AnnibaL not tt carrry on a war against the al- lies of the Roman people : but a roii^h reply was made by the Carthaginians. In the mean time the SaguiJ(i7ii, being for- ced by /amine, and taken by jiiinibul, were subjected to phe must extreme punishments, 8. Then P. Cornelius Sci/tio went with an army into Spain^ Tiberius Sempronius into Sici- ly, and war was proclaimed a- aginst the Carthaginians, An- nibal having left his brother Asdrubal in Spain, passed the Pyrenaan, and laid open for himself the AlpSy as yet un- 49 * Saguntum was a city of Hispania Tairaconensis, situated about* mile fi\»in the Mediterranean, now Morvedre. -j- Atinibal was then '^7 y*rars of ae:f. I The principal inha!)itants burnt themselves, and their substance i of the rest, all the males of age were put to the sword, and the wo- mua, &c. divided amongst the soldiers as booty. pes adhuc in ea parte in- fiassed in that part. He is said vias, sibi patefecit. Tra- to have brought into Italy four ^ ditur ad Italiam Ixxx. score thousand foot, arid twenty millia peditum, et xx. thousand horse, and seven and millia equitum, septem et thirty elephants. In the mean trigintaclephantesaddux- time, many of the Ligurians isse. Interea multi Ligu- and Gauls joined themselves to res et Galli Annibali se AnnibaL Sempronius Grac» junxerunt. Sempronius thus hearing of AnnibaVs co^ Gracchus, cognito ad Ita- ming itito Italy, drew his army liam Annibalis adventu, e out of Sicily to Ariminum, Sicilia exercitum Arimi- num trajvcit. 9. Publius Cornelius 9. * Publius Cornelius Sci- Scipio Annibali primus pio first meets An?iibalj and occurrit: commisso prx- joining battle, his men being Ho, fugatis suis ipse vul- routed, he retwmed wouJided neratus in castra rediit. into the camp, Semproniua Sempronius .Gracchus et Gracchus likewise engaged ipse conflixit apud Trebi- him at the river f Trebias; hs am amnem : is quoque vin- likewise is defeated. Many in citur. Annibali multi se in Italy surrendered themselves Italia dediderunt. Inde ad to AnnibaL From thence AnnU Tusciam veniens Anni- bal coming into Tuscia meets bal, Flaminio Consul! oc- nvith the Consul Flaminius^ currit : ipsum Flaminium slew Flaminius himself andj interemit: Romanorum- 25,000 Romans besides were viginti quinque millia ex- killed: the rest fled. After- sa sunt: cxteri diffuge- wards, Q. Fabius Maximus runt. Missus ad versus was sent against Ann ibal by the Annibalem postea a Ro- Romans. I^e by declining battle j manis Quintus Fabius broke his mettle for him, and Maximus; is eum, diffe- soon after, having got an ad- rendo pugnam ab impe- vantage against him, routed tu fregit: mox inventa Jkim. oceasione vicit» * He uras not gone into Spain then, as our anthor say 3 ia the fore^ groing chapter, but he had sent his brother Cujeus tiiither, t It foils into the Po on the south sid«, jLivy«aysbutl5,00U. 59 EUTROPII 10. Qumgentesimo et quadragesimo anno acon- dita urbe, Lucius iEmilius, P. Terentius Varro con- tra Annibalem mittunlur, Fabioque succedunt : qui Fabius ambos Consulcs Tnonuit,ut Annibalem cal- lidum et impatientem du- cem non aliter vincerent, quam prxlium difterendo. Verum cum impatientia VarronisConsulis,conlra- dicente Consule altero, a- pud vicum, qui Cannae appellaiur, in Apulia pug- natum esset, ambo Con- sules ab Annibale vincun- tur. In ea pugna tria mil- iia Afrorum pereunl ; magna pars de exercitu Annibalis sauciatur; nul- lo tamen Punico bello Ro- mani graviusacccptisunt: periit enim in eo ^milius Paulus Consul; Consu- lares et Prxtorii xx. Se- natores capti aut opcisi 10. In the ^ 540th year from the building of the cityj L, jEmilius and 2\ Terentius Varro are sent against Annibal^ and succeeded Fabius : ivhick Fahiu% warned \both the Con- suls that they could not other- wise conquer that subtil and imfiatient general than by wa- ving battle. But a battle be- ing fought y through the impa- tience of the Consul VartOy though the other Consul epposea it, at a country town^ which is call'd Ca7ina, in jiputia ; both the Consuls were overthrown by AnnibaL In that battle three thousand of the Africans art lost, a great part of Anni- bars army is wounded ; how- ever, the Romans were not more roughly handled in auy battle with the Carthaginians : for the Consul JBmilius Pau- lus fell in it ; and 20 gentle- men that had betn Consuls and Prators ; 30 Sg?iators were taken or slainy besides 300 f He should have said 537. X He did not address himself to both the Consuls, but -ffimilius only, the other, Varro, who was but a butcher's son, but had raised himself by his mettle and activity to the Consulate, he knew to be too violently bent upttn lighting, to regard any advice of his to the conti ary. Th« 6vent seems to prove that Fabius had a thorough knovledge of the Ro- mans, and the enemy they had to deal with, and therefore that his advice was well grounded. But for all that, the Romans w^re so far from expressing any resentment against the man, who seemed by hi» rashness to have brought this terrible stroke upon tliem, that, upon his return to Rome, he was met by all degrees of people, and publicly thanked, for testifying by thus facing his countr>' again, that he did not despair of its recovery from the ill condition it was at that time in, and they continued to give him a command in their armies for several years together after this ; in which the Roman people shewed a great-- B««s tf s«ul rarely to be found in lingle persoAS, t* LIBER in. 51 3fxx. nobiliores virl ccc. militum xl. millia ; equi- tum tria millia et quingen- ti ; in quibus malis nemo tamen Romanorum pacis mentionem habere digna- tus est. Servi, quod nun- ouam ante, manumissi, £c milites facti sunt. 11. Post eam pugnam multae Italix civitates, quae Romanis paruerant, EC ad Annibalem transtu- lerunt. Annibal Roma- nis obtulit, ut captivos re- dimereni: responsumq; €st a Senalu, eos cives non esse necessarios qui, cum armati essent, capi potuisseni. Ille omnes postea variis suppliciis in- terfccit, et tre» medio» aureorum annulorumCar- thaginem misit: quos e manibus Equitum Roma- norum, Senatorum, et mi- litum detraxerat, Interca in Hispania,ubi frater An- nibalis Asdrubal reman- serat cum magno exerci- tu, ut eam totam Afris subigeret, a duobus Scip- ionibus Romanis duclbus Tincitur; perditque in noblemen, cud 40 thousand sol- diers, three thousand five hun- dred horse. In the midst of which losses none of the Ro^ mans would make any mention of peace : the slaves, which had never been done be/ore^ were enfranchised and made soldiers, n. After that battle many cities of Italy, which had been subject to the Romans, went o* ver to Annibal, Annibal offered the Romans liberty to redeem the prisoners : and * answer was made by the Senate, that those citizens were not neces' sary, who, though they were armed, could be tti ken prisoners. He afterwards put them all to death with various tortures^ and sent ^three modii of ^old rings to Caithage, which he had taken from the hands of the Roman Knights, Senators and Soldiers. In the mean time, in Spain, where the bro» ther of Aiviibai Asdrubal had stayed with a great army, to re- duce all that province under the Africans, he is cotiquered by the two Roman generals, the Scipios, and loses in that battle 35 thousand men : oj these 10 ♦ A strange kind of an answer in such sort of circumstances, and which shews the invincible spirit of the Romans at that time. f Livy says three and a half, a vast quantity, which gave occasion, to Pliny to conjecture that, at that time, the gold nng was worn by the commoners as well as those of the Equestrian and Senatorianorder, which afterwards was cottfined to the two latter. Sc« Piiny, b. 33 c. 30. 5'^ EUTROPII pugnaxxxv. milliahomi- thousand are taken^ 35 thou- num, ex his capiuntur x sand are slain: 12 thousand niillia, occicluntur xxv. foot, four thousand horsey and Mittuntur ei a Carthagi- 20 elefihants are sent him by nensibus ad reparandas the Carthaginians to recruit yires xii. millia peditum, his army. iv. millia eqiiitum, xx. e- lephanti, 13. Anno quarto post- 12. In the fourth year after quam in Italiam Annibal Annibal came into Italy, M. ▼enit, Marcus Claudius Claudius MarceUua the Consul^ Marccllus Consul apud fought successfully against j^n. JVolam, civitatem Cam- nibal at JVola, a city of Campa. paniffi, contra Annibalem nia. Annibal seized ufion ma, bene pugnavit. Annibal ny cities of the Romans, in A, multas civitates Romano- /i«//V7, Calabria, and the coun- rum per Apuliam, Cala- try of the Brutii. At which bnam et Brutios occupa- time likewise Philifiy King of Vit: quo tempore etiam Macedonia sent messengers to rex Macedonia Philippus him, promising him assistance ad eum legatos misit, against the Romans, upon this promittens auxilia contra condition, that after the 7?#. Romanos, sub hac condi- mans should be conquered, he tione, ut deletis Romanis, should likewise receive assis- ipse quoque contraGracos tancefrom Annibal against the abAnnibaleauxiliaaccipe- Greeks. Wherefore these mes* ret. Captisigiturlegatis sengers of Philip being takeny Philippi,etrecognitP, Ro- and the matter discovered, the jnaniinMacedoniamMar- Romans ordered M, Valerius cum Valerium Lrcvinum Larvinus to go into Macedonia^ ire jusserunt; in Sardini- Titus Manlius the Proconsul am Titum Manlium Pro- into Sardinia, for that island consulem : Nam etiam ea too being wheedled by Annibal^ solicitata ab Annibale Ro- had forsaken the Romans. manos deseruerat, 13. Ita uno tempore 13. Thus, at one time, the quatuorlocispugnabatur; imr -.vas carried on in four in Italia contra Anniba- ^^v^vdA places-, in Italy against lem ; in Hispania, contra Annibal; in Spain against his fratrem ejus Asdruba- brother Asdrubal; in Macedo^ lem; in Macedonia, con- nia against Philip; and in tra Philippum ; in Sardi- Sardinia against the Sar^ LIBER jn. ^3 nia, contra Sardos, & alte- rum Asdrubalem Cartha- ginensem. Is a Tito Man- lio Proconsule,qui ad Sar- diniam missus fuerat, vi- vus est capius ; occisa cum eo xii. millia, capii mille quingenti ; Sc a Ro- manis Sardinia subacta. Manlius victor captivos 5c Asdtubalem Roraam re- portavit. Interea etiam Philippus a Lievino in Macedonia vincitur, & in Hispania a Scipionibus Asdrubal, & Mago tcriius frater Annibalis. 14. Decimo anno post- quam Annibal in Italiam venerat,?. Sulpicio,Cnao Fulvio Consulibus, Anni- bal usque ad quartum mil- liarum urbis accessit, e- quites ejus usque ad por- tas : mox Consulum metu, cumexercitu venientium, Annibal ad Campaniam se recepit. In Hispania a fratre Asdrubale ambo Scipiones, qui per niultos annos viclores fuerant, in- terficiuntur; exercitus ta- men integer remansit ; casu enim magis quam virtute crant decepti : quo tempore etiam a Consule Marccllo Sicilix magna pars capta est, quam le- dinians, arid the other AsdrU' bal, a Carthaginian. He iikls taken alive by T. Manlius the Proconsul, who had been S€?it to Sardinia: there were slain with /dm 12 thousand men, a thousand fve hundred taken^ end Sardinia subdued by the Romans, The conqueror Man- lius brought off the prisoners and Asdrubal to Rome. In the mean time too Philip is beat by I.itvifius in Macedonia^ and AS' drubal, and Mago^ the third brother of Annibal^ by the -Sc/- pios in 6y7a/;z. 14. In the *tenth year after Annibal came into Italy, when Publius Sul/iicius, and Cnaus Fulvius were Consuls^ Annibal came within J^ur miles of the city, and his hoi'se up to the very gates; but presently for fear of the Consuls, fwho were coming with an army, Annibal withdrew himself into Campa-. nia. In Spain both the Scipios, who had been victorious for se- veral years^ are slain by Anni- bars brother Asdrubal: yet the army remained entire ; for they had been trepanned more by chance than any good conduct of the enemy ; at which time to§, a great part of Sicily was reduced by the Consul Marcel' lus, which the Africans had be- ♦ It should be the eighth. . f They did actually come up with him, and fought him ; but tna battle v'as »ot decisive, by reason of a gr*atump«it tbatparud them. 54* EUTROPII nere Afri cosperant : 9c ex nobilissima uibe Syracu- sana prxda ingens pnelata est. Lxviniis in Macedo- nia cum Philippo & mullis Grjcciae populis, Screge A- siac Attalo, amicitiam fe- cit: & ad Siciliam profect- us, Annonem quendam Af- rorum ducem apudAgri- gentum civitatem cum ipso oppidocepit, eumque Romam cum captivis no- tilibus misit ; xl. civita- tcs in deditionem accepit, xxvi. expugnavit. Ita omni Sicilia recepta, Ma- cedonia fracta, cum in- genti gloria Romam re- gressus est. Annibal in Italia Cnaeum Fulvium Consulem subito aggres- 8US cum octo millibus ho- minum interfecit. 15. Interea ad Hispan- ias, ubi, occisis duobus Scipionibus, nullus Rg- manus dux erat, Pub. Cornelius Scipio mittitur, filius Publii Scipionis, qui ibidem bellum gesserat, anno3 natus quatuor & viginti, vir Romanorum omnium & sua setate gun to take fiossession of: and abundance of sfioil was carried before him'in his triumph, ro/ten from *the most noble city ofSy» racuse, Lxvinus in Macedonia made an alliance with ^Philifiy and many States of Greece^ and Attains the King of jisia^ and going into Sicily, took jlnno^ a certain general of the Cartha* ginians, at the city of Agrigen- turn, with the town itself, and sent him to JRome with other noble prisoners: he took in 40 cities upon surrender, and 26 by force. Thus having rsco' vercd all Sicily, and hximbled Macedonia, he returned with great glory to Rome» Annibai in Italy suddenly falling ufion the Consul Cnaeus Fulvius, kil" led him with eight thousand men, \S,In the mean time is sent to Spain, where after the two Scipios were slain, there was no Roman general, Publius Corne» lius Scipio, the son of \\i?X Pub' lius Scipio who had carried on the war there, fsur and twenty years old, almost the greatest man of all the Romans, both in his own age and the fellowing * The city was defended against Marcellus, one of the greatest ge- nerals the Romans tfien had, for three years together, by the wonder- &1 management of Archimedes, the greatest mathematician that ever lived, excepting Sir Isaac Newton, who will be the glory of his coun- try till time shall be no more. f I'his is, I fear, a mistake ; for Livy takes no notice of any all-» Jasce with Philip, though he doe« of the rest, LIBER III. 55 & posteriori tempore fere primus. Is Carthaginem Hispaniae capit, in qua omne aurum Scargentum, & belli apparatum Afri habebant : nobilissimos quoq ; obsides, quos ab Hispanis acceperat : Ma- gonem etiam fratrem Annibalis ibidem capit ; quern Romam cum aliis mittit. Romae ingens Ix- titia post hunc nuntium fuit. Scipio Hispanorum obsides parentibus reddi- dit. Qua re omnes fere Hi- spani ad eum uno animo transierunt. Postque As- drubalem Annibalis fra- trem victumfugat, &prai- dam maximam capit. 16. Interea in Italia Consul Q. Fabius Max- imus Tarentum recepit : in qua ingentes copia Annibalis erant; Sc ibi etiam ducem Annibalis Carthalonemoccidit, xxv. millia captivorum vendi- dit : prxdam militibus dispertivit, pecuniam ho- miiium venditorum ad fiscum retulit.Tummultae civitates, Romanorum qus ad Annibalem transi- erant prius, rursus se time» He takes * Carthage in Spain, in which the Africans had all their gold and silver^ and ammiiniton ; and noble hos- tages too, which he had recei» ved from the Spaniards: he tak^es in the same place likewise Mago the brother of Annibal, whom he sends to Rome with others. There was huge joy at Rome, after this news* Sci- pio restored the hostages of the Spaniards to their parents» Upon which thing almost all the Sfianiards went over to him with one consent. And after- wards he put to flight Asdrubal, the brother of Annibal, and gets abundance of plunder. 16. /n the mean time in Ita- ly, the Consul Q» Fabius Max- imus recovered Tarentum, in which were a great number of Annibal* s troops: and there he likewise slew a general of Anni- bal' Sj one Cathaloi he sold 25 thousand prisoners, unddivided the plunder amongst his soldiers but brought the money arising from the men that were sold into the treasury. Then ma- ny cities of the Romans, which had gone over to Annibal before^ surrendered themslves again to * This was called Carthago Nova, now Cartagena, built by the Car- thaginians. It hes in that part of Spain, called the kingdom of Murcia^ f Our anthor should rather have used the word arurium^fscus being wed after Augustus' time, to signify the Emperor's eichequw, a» «listiact frtm the cerarium, or treasury of the sute. LIBER III. 5r 56 EUTROPII Fabio Maximo reddide- runt. Insequenti anno Scipio in Hispania egre- gias res t^git, & per se, & perfratrem suumLuciiim Scipionem : Ixx. civitates recepit. In Italia tamen male pugnatum est. Nam Claudius Marcellus Con- gul ab Annibale occisus est, 17. Tertio anno post- quam Scipio ad Hispani- ^**am profectus fuerat rur- sus res inclytas gerit : re- gem Hispaniarum magno pr»liovici*jnA|in|amicitiam accepit, 8c primus omni- um avictoobsidesnonpo- poscii. 18. Desperans Anni- bal Hispanias contra Sci- pionem diutius p08se»re- tineri, fratrem suum As- drubalem ad Italiamcum omnibus copiis evocavit. Is vcniens eodem iiinere quo etiam Annibal vene- rat, a Consulibus Appio Claudio Nerone, & Marco Livio Salinatore, apudSe- nam Piceni civitatem, in insidias compositas in- cidit : strenue tamen pui^- nans occisuscst: ingentes ejus copixcaptxautinter- fectae sunt: magnum pon- dus auri atque argenti Romam relatum. Post hsc Annibal diffidere jam de belli cocpit eventu, & Romania mgens animus accessiU Itaque Sc ip!»i JPabius Maximiis, In theJoUcW' trig year Scipio fierf or med extra" ordinary things in Spain^both by himself end his brother L,uciu9 Sci/iio; he took in 70 cities. Vet the Rom-dns/ought with ill suc- cess in Italy : for the Consul Claudius Marcellua wat sUin by jimiibaL 17. In the third year after Scipio had gone to S^iain, he performs again glorious thirigs» He admitted a King of Spa in y afier he had conquered him ina great battley to an alliance^ and was the first of all who demand- ed no hostages of a conquered enemy. 18. Annibal despairing that S/iain could be kept aiiy longer against Scipdo, sent for his bro- ther Asdrubal to Italy ^ with all his forces. He coming the same way that Annibal too had come^ fell into an ambuscade laid for him, by the Consuls Api/iius Claudius A^ero, and Marcus Li* vius Sal ina t or y at Sena, a city of Picene: yet he was slain fighting stoutly: his great for-- ces wtre either taken or slain: a vast quantity of gold andsil' •oer was carried to Rome, Af- ter this, Annibal begun now to despair of the event of the war, and great courage was ad- ded to the Romans; wherefore they likewise sent for Publius Cornelius Sci/iio out of Spain, He came to Rome with great glory^ evocaverunt ex Hispania Publium Cornelium Scip- ionem. Is Romam cum ingenti gloria venit. 19. Quinto CsecilioLu- cio Valerio Consulibus, omnes civitates, quae in Brutiis ab Annibale tene- bantur, Romanis se tradi- derunt. 20, Anno xiv. post- quam in Italiam Annibal venerat, Scipio, qui mul- ta bene in Hispania ege- rat, Consul est factus, Sc in Africam missus, cui viro divinuni quiddam inesse existimabatur, adeo ut putaretup cum Numin- ibus habere sermonera. Is in Africa contra Anno- nem ducem Afrorum pug- nat, exercitum ejus inter- ficit. Secundo praelio cas- tra cepit, cum quatuor millibus & quingentis mi- litibus, xi. millibus oc- cisis. Syphacem Numidise regem, qui se Afris con- junxerat, capit, & castra ejus invadit. Syphax cum nobilissimis Numidis, & infinitis spoliis, a^Scipi- one Romam mittitur: qua re audita, omnis fere Ita- 19. Quintus Cacilius, and Lucius Valerius being Consuls, all the cities which were possessed by Annibal amongst *the Brutii, submitted them" selves to the Romans, 20. In the \Mh year after Annibal had come into Italy^ Scifiio, who had done mariy things successfully in Spain^ was made Consul, and sent into Africa; in which rnan it wat supposed there was something divine^ so that he was thought to have converse with the Gods» He engages in Africa against Anno, general of the Africans^ and cuts off his army, in a great measure. In a second battle he took his ctimp, with four thousand and five hundred of his soldiers, 1 1 thousand^ be- ing slain. He takes Syphax^ King of J^umidia, who had joined himself with the Afri- cans, and ^seizes his camp% Syphax with the most noble JVu- midians and an infinite deal of spoil is sent by Scipio to Rome; which thing being heard of, aU most all Italy forsakes AnnibaU * Our author is here mistaken, if the Librarians Lave done hi» justice. It was not the Brutii, but the Lutfani, that submitted them- sches at this time to the Romans. 1 1 canBot but approve of the correction of this passage by Tanoquil le Fevre, who reads incendit for invadit, tor he did not take the camp, )*(tt burnt it. S8 EUTROPII LIBER HI. 5t lia Annibalem deserit : ipse a Carthaginensibus in Africam redire jubetur, quam Scipio vastabat. 2 1. Ita anno xvii. ab An- nibale Italia hberata est, quam flens dicitur reliquis- se. Legati Carihaginen- sium pacem a Scipione petierunt ; ab eo ad Sen- atum Romam missi sunt : xlv. dies his inducixdatx suntquousque Romam ire & regredi possent : xxx. millia pondo argenli ab his accepta sunt. Senatus ex arbitrio Scipionis pa- cem jusait cum Carthagi- nensibus fieri. Scipio his condiiionibus dedit, ne amplius quam xxx. naves haberent quingcnta mil- lia pondo argenti darent, caplivos & perfugas red- derent. 22. Interim Annibale ▼eniente ad Africam ; pax turbata est; multa hosiilia ab Aftis facta sunt. Le- gati tamen eorum ex ur- be venientes, a Romunis capti sunt, & jubtnte Sci- pione dimissi. Annibal quoque,frequentibus prxe- liis victus a Scipione, pe- liit etiam ipse pacem. Cum ventum esset ad col- loquium, iisdem condiii- onibus data est quibus prius: addita quingentis millibus pondo argenti, c. millia librarum propter He is ordered by the Cartha^i^ niana to return to Africa^ which Scipio laid waste» 3 1 . Thus Italy ivas deliver- ed from Annibal in the 17 th year of the war, which he is said to have left weefiing. Am- bassadors of the Carthaginians desired peace of Sci/iia; they were sent by him to Rome to the Senate. Truce was granted them for 45 days till they could go to Rome and come back; 30 thousand pounds of silver were received from them» The Se* nate ordered a peace to be made with the Carthaginians^ accoT' din^ to the pleasure of Scipio» Scipio granted it upon thtst terms, that they should have ns more than 30 ships^ should give 500 thousand pounds of si her ^ and restore the prisoners and deserters, 22. In the mean time^ upon Annibal's coming to AJrica^ the peace was interrupted) and many hostilities committed by the Africans: Yet their Am- bassadors, as thty were coming from the city Rome, were ta- ken by the Romans^ and by Scipio's order dismissed» Anni- bal too being conquered in seV' eral battles by Scipio^ begged Peace hitnself too. When thty came to a conference upon it, it was granted upon the same terms as bejore ; only a hun- dred thousand libra were added 19 the five hundred thousand wovam pcrfidlam. Car- pound weight of silver for their thaginensibus conditiones late treachery. These articles displicuerunt, jusserunt- displeased the Carthaginians^ que Annibalem pugnare. and they ordered Annibal (§ Infertur a Scipione, 8c fight. The war is carried by Massinissa alio rege Nu- Scipio^ and Massinissa, another midarum, qui amicitiam King of the A'umidians, wha cum Scipione feccrat, had made an alliance with Set- Carthagini bellum. An- pio, up te Carthage itstU, An- nibal tres exploratores nibal sent three spies to Scipio' s ad Scipionis castra misit : camp, whom being seized, Sci- quos captog Seipio cir- pio ordered to be led round the cumduci per castra jussit, camp, and t/ie whole army /# oslendiquc eis tolum ex- be shewn thenij and then a din- ercitum; mox etiam pran- ner to be given them^ and dis- dium dari dimiltique, ut missed, that they might tell An- renunciarent Annibali mbml whet they had seen a- quae apudRomanos vidis- mongst the Romans, sent. 23. Interea pralium 23. In the mean time a bat» ab utroque duce instruc- tie was prepared for by both tum est, quale vix ulla generals, such as scarce ever memoria fuit : quum pe- was in any age; when these ritissimi viri copias suas most skilful men drew out their ad bellum educerent. troops to the fight, Scipio Scipio victor recedit, pene comes off conqueror, Annibal ipso Annibale capto : qui himself beitig well nigh taken; primum cum multis e- who got off at first with many quitibus, deinde cum xx. horse, then with twenty, and postremo cum qualuor e- at last with but/owr. 20 thou- ▼asit. Invcnta in castris sand pounds of silver were Annibalis argemi pondo found in AnnibaVs camfi, and XX. millia, auri octingen- eight hundred of gold, with o- ta, cactera supellectili co- ther baggage in great plenty, piosa. Post id certamen After that battle a peace was pax cum Carthagincnsi- made with the Carthaginians, bus facta est. Scipio Ro- Scifiio returned to Rome, and mam rediit, & ingenti triumphed in great glory^ gloria triumpharit, atque and begun to be called from Africanus ex eo appcUari thence Africanus, The second cosptu» est» Finem ac- Carthaginian war had an end 60 EUTROPII *1 9 years after it begun» cepit secundum Punicum bellum, post annum no- num decimum quam coe- perat. * A period was put to this war in its 18th year, that is, 552 fro» the building of Rome, just 200 years before Christ. EUTROPII BREVIARIUM HISTORIC ROMANCE. ^:® LIBER IV, HTRANSACTO Punico bello sequutum est Macedonicum contraPhi- lippum regem. 2. Quingentesimo £c quinquagesimoprirao an- no ab urbe condita, T. Quintius Flaminius ad- versus Philippum regem tnittitur : res prospere gessit ; pax ei data est his legi ?us, ne Gra^cix civita- tibiis. quas Romani con- tra euiii defenderanl, bel- lum inferretjU^ captivos Sc transfugas reddevit, quin- quaginta solum naveb ha- ebret, reliquas Romanis redderet ; per annos de- cem quaterna millia pen- A .Fr£Ii the Carthaginian t^ar was endedj the *Macedo- Tiian Jollowed against King Philip. 2. t In the 55\st year from the building of the city, \ T, Quintius Flaminius is sent a- gainst King Philip, Hemanag. ed his affairs buccessfully: a peace was granted him upon these terms, that he should not make 'u^ar upon the cities of Greece which the Romans h ad defended against him, that he should restore the prisoner* and deserters, should have only 50 ships, and deliver up the rest to the Romans ; should pay for ten years, four thousand pound voeight of silver, and give his son Demetrius as an * The Macedonian war begun 13 years before the conclusion of th« Carthaginian. f Liry says in the 350th. X T. Quintius Flaminius wha not the first commander tb;it was sent into Macedonia after tke end of the Pujiick war, but the third. 62 KUTROPII tlo argenli prxstarct, !c obsidem daret filium su- um Demetrium. Titus Quintius etiam Lacedac- moniis intulit belUim ; ducem eonim Nabidem vicil : & quibiis voluit conditionibus, in fidem accepit : ingenii gloria duxit ante curruni nobi- lissimos obsidcs, Deme- irium Philippi filium, 8^ a\rmenem Nabidis. 3. Transaclo bello Ma- cedonico.sequutum estSy- riacum contra Antic- chum regem, P. Cornelio Scipione, M. Acilio Gla- brione Consulibus. Huic Antiocho Annibal se junxerat, Carthapjinem patriam suam, ne Roma- nistraderetur, relinquens. M. Aciliu3 Glabrio in Achaia pugnavit bene. Castra regis Antiochi nociurna pugna capta sunt : ipse fugatur. Phi- lippe quia contra Antic- chum Rcmanis auxilio fuisset, fdiu.s Demetrius redditus est. 4. L. Cornelio Scipio- ne, C Lxlio Consulibus, Scipio Af; iccinus fratri suo L. Cornelio Scipioni Con- suli legaius contra Antio- chum profcctus est. An- nibal, (pii cum Antiocho crat, nuvaii prxlio victus est. Ipse pustea Antio- IiQsta^e, ?'. Quhit.us likcnvisr made vjcir u/ion the Lacedano^ niajis civilly rcceivwl. (OUi it fhou:di;e. 6B EUTROPll mea diix alius eqiiitatui t/uginiaiis» At that time ^Sci- prxcrat Carthai^iiiensi- /?/o, grcnchon of Sci/iio Afri- um. Scip'.o lUic, Snpi- cavus served there as a \Tri' O'iUS African" ncpos, Tri- ^n ■ <" ■'L/ioiri tha-e luas great bw..u*> iiii ni tuibat, ciijus ^ ^ ' ^ -^ reverence amongst all. ap'.doniutR v^-ens mclus ro? it was doih very forward & revcreulia eral. Nam f'jr Jighting, and uus reckoned & parutissimus ad dimi- very prudent, IVhereforey caiulum, &consuUibsimus many things nvhere iuccessfully habc'batnr. Ilaque per inaiiagtd by him: nor did As^ eu'Ti multaprosperegesta drubal or Famca avoid any sunt: ne(jue cjuidquam thing more than to engage in magis vel Asdrubal vel fight against that part of the Famea vitabant, quam Romans where Scipio fought, contra earn Romanovum partem puj^jiiam commit- lere, ubi Scipio diniica- bat. 11-. Per idem tempus 11. About the same time Massinibsa rex Numida- Mass inissa, King of the Aumi- rum, per annos sexaginta dians, an ally oj the Roman fere amicus populi Ro- people fjr almost 60 years^ died marii,anno vitx su?e xcvii. in the 97 th year of his age^ mortuus est, xliv. filiis leaving 44 sons. He ordered reliclis. Scipionem divi- in his will ^cipio to be the di- sorenri regni inter filios vider of his kingdom amongst esse jussil. ^ds so?is, 12. Cum igitur clarum 12. JVhen therefore the Scipionis nomen esset, 7iJme of Scipio ivas now be- juvenis adhuc Consul est come famous, he was made factus, k contra Caitha- Consul, whilst he was yet* ginem mi*su3. Is earn young, and sent against Car- iCepit, ac diruit: spoliu ibi thage. He took and demolished nventa, qus de variarum it. He restored the spoils civitatum cxcidiis Car- found there, which Carthage f He was the sun of ^5!liuir.u£ Paulas, but adopted by the son of Scipio Afiican'js. X A Tribune was an offic er among the Romans, mucli tlie same with our Color.els. See Rosinus or Pitiacus. * J'u:e>i!s is a word of iatiiude enough : he was tlicn 38 years of age, r.'heieas, by the Viiiiaii la.v he should liave beeu at i«/a^t 4:^ «lureiit. 1) I 1 Lli3ER IT. 69 thago collegerat, & orna- menta urbium civitatibus Siciliac, Italisc 8c AiVicsc reddidit, qujc sua recog- noscebant. Ita Cartha- go septingentesimo anno postquam condita erat, deleta est. Scipio nomen quod avus ejus acceperat, meruit ;scilicet, ut propter virtutcm etiam ipse Afri- canus junior vocaretur. 13. Interim in Macedo- nia quidam Pscudo Philip- pus arma movit, & Ro- manum Prxtorem Publi- um Jurenicum contra »e missum adinternecionem vicit. Post eum Q, Cseci- lius MetellusduxaRoma- nis contra Pseudo Philip- pum missus est, & vigin- tiquinque millibus ex mi- litibus ejus occisis; Mace- doniam recepit ipsum etiam Pseudo Philippum in potestatem suam rede- git. 14. Corinthiis quoque bellum indicium est, no- bilisbimx Grxciae civitati, propter injuriam, Legato- rum Romanorum. Ilanc Mummius Consul cepit ac diruit. Tres igitur Ro- mx simul celeberrimi tri- umphi fueruHt: AiVicani, ex Africa, ante cujus cur- rum ductus est Asdrubal : Metclli, ex Macedonia, ante cujus currum prsc- eessit AndrifcuS) qui Sc had gathered together from the ruins of many cities, and the ornaments of several towns, to the cities of Sicily, Italy and Africa, which knew their own again, IVius Carthage was det- troyed in the 700th year after it was built, Scipio deserved the na??ie which his grandfather had received ; that is, to be called for his good conduct, Af ricanus junior, 13. I?i the mean time m certain pretended Philip took vp arms in Alacedonia, and defeated with terrible slaughter the Roman Rrator Riiblius Juvenicus, that was sent a* gainst him. After him Q» CVcilius JMetellus was sent ge^ neral by the Romans against this Jahe Philip, ar.d 25 thou- sand of his ssldiers being slain, he recovered J Jacrdcnia,a?idgot the pretended Philip himself i?ito his /lower. 1 4. A war likewise was pro^ claimed against the Corinthians, a very noble State of Greece, for an insult upon the Ramein ambassadors, Mutnmius the Consul to9k this city, and dc' 77wlishcd it. Wherefore there were three very famous tri- umphs at Rome altogether ; Africanus* over Africa, before whose chariot Asdrubal by order of the Senate, was rebuilt, which still conti- nues ; tivo and twenty years af- ter it had been dr.stroyed by Scipio, Some Roman citizens were transported thither. * A city of Asia Minor in loni», near the IP.^enn sea. t A city of Cana in Asia Minor. ; The Homans oftentinics disposed of their nri%)neis of «-nr :« fi •- ma.n^er, and it cannot be denied but, by the la v ^nn «1 ' ;" ' queror ,n ajust u-ar has a right to take the h c of " , ' ^^'L ^ II A city of Asia Minor in the greater Mvsia. A 74 lutroph S2. Anno dcxxvii. ab urbe condita, Caius Cas- sius Longinus, et Sexluis Domitius Calvinus Con- jBules, (iallis Transalpi- nis bellum intulerunt, et Arvernorum nobilissimae turn civitaii, atqiie eo- rum regi Bituito:. infiiii- tamque multitiidlneni juxla Rbodanum fluvium interfecerunt. Pix da ex torquibus Galloriim in- gens Romam perlaia est. IJiiuiius se Donnitio dedi- dit, atque ab eo Roniam duclua est, magnaque gloria Consules ambo tiiumpharimt. 23. Marco Portio Ca- tone, & Quinto Marcio Rcge Consulibus, dcxxx. anno et tertio ab urbe condita, Narbona in Gal- lia colonia deducta e^^t. Pobtea L. Melcllo et Quinio Mucio Scaevola ConsulibuSj de Dalmatia triumphatum est. 24. Ab in be condita anno dcxxxv. C. Cato Consul Scordiscis intulit bellum, ignominioseque pugnavit. 25. C. Cxcilio Metello 22. In the year 6? 7 frofyt the build'mg of the city^ Cuius Cassius JLoiiginus^ arid Sex t us Domitius Calvinus^the Consuls^ made war ufion the Transal- pine Gauls^ and particularly upon the then most noble ^Cute of the Arvernis and their King Bituitus : and killed an infi- nite number of them nigh the river Rhone» A great deal (f plunder^ consisting of the * gold chains of the Gauls, ivas brought to Rome, t Bituitus surrendered himself to Domi- tiusy and was brought by him to Rome ; and both the CunauU triumphed in great glory» 23. Marcus Fortius Cato, and Quint ius Afarcius Rt z be- ing Consuls^ in the yea*- 0->3 from the building of the city^ a colony was carried to \ .Vurbon in GauL Afterwards th' Con- suls L, Metellus and Quinius Mucius Scofvola triumphed o- vcr Dalmatia, 24. In the year \\ 635 from the building of the city^ C. Ca- to, the Conf^ul, made war ufion the * Scordisciy and came off but ignominiously, 25. When C. decilius Me* ■-'•■ These were worn by the Gallic officers about tlieir necks. t lie did nut snireiider to Domitius ; but bcnio: defeated the year J'jllowiii^r by Q. Fabius /Kinilius, and coming: to Rome t» endeavom to ,^ive the Senate satisfaction, he was there nia, Kitigs, and allies of tJ succes- sum est ci a C. Mario. Is Jtij^urtham et Boc- chum Mauritania! retj;em, qui auxillium Jui^urthae ferre coeperat, paritttr superavit. Ali quanta et ipse oppida Numidix cepit, belloq ; terminum posuit, capio Juguriha per Quxitorem suuin Cornelium Syllam, in- gentum virum, tradente Jbtjccho Juguriham, qui pro eo ante pugnaverat. 28. A Marco Junio Si- lano collega Quinli Me- telli Cim:)ii in Gallia, et a Minutio Rufo in Mace- donia Scordisci et Tribal- li et a Servilio Cacpione in Hi'jpmia Lusitani vic- ti sunt: et duo triumphide Jugurtha, primus per Me- tell'jm, secundus per Ma- rium, acti sunt. Antecur- led or took all his elephants»* ^nd ivhcn he ivas now just ready to put an end to the ivar^ he ivas succeeded by C, Ma- rlus» He conquered both Ju- gurtha and Bacchus King of Alauritania^ who /ia^/ just then begun to give assistance to Ju^ gurtha. He likewise took so7Jie towns of JVwnidia^ and fiut an end to the war, having taken Jugurtha by means of his Ques- tor Cornelius ^ylla^ a great moTi, Bocchus delivering ufi Jugurtha, who had fought for him before» 23. The Cimbri were de* featedin Gauly by Marcus Ju^ nius Silanus, the colleague of Qui?itus Metellus, and the Scor- disci and Triballi by Minutius Rufus in Alacedonia ; and the Lusitanians by Servilius Coepio in Spain : and there were two triumphs over Jugurtha, the first by Metellus, and the se- cond by Marius, Jugurtha * This was oftentimes the fate of the Roman generals to be recalled when they haU almost finished their work. But thouajh this yearly cha!i;?e of their i^enerals is thought by some an error in the Roman conduct, yet the progress of their arms notwithstanding is proof enough to the contrary. They were by this means always furnished with such a stock of excellent commanders as no nation in the world besides ever had, or could have, in any other way of management. B<::sides,as their genjials knew their time to be but short, that thought naturally put tht'm upon acting with vigour. There was no dallying in those cir- cuiiKtunces for a man that had the least spark of honour and ambition in him, whilst others were pushed on to excel and distinguish them- selves in thia, near the iTlgean sea. Alhenis obsedit, ipsam- que urbenn cepit. Postca commisso praelio contra ArchelauiTi, ita eumvicit, ut ex cxx. millibus vix decern superessent Ar- chelao, 8c ex Syllx exer- citu xiv. lantum homines interficereniur. Hac pug- na Mithridates cogniia Ixx. mijlia lectissima ex Asia Archelao misit con- tra quem Sylla iterum commisit. Primo prxlio viginti milliahostiMm in- terfecta sunt, filiusque Archelai Diogenes: se- cundo omnes Mithrida- li s co^MJc extinctac sunt. Archt:laus i!}se triduo nu- d'.is in paiudi'ous latuil. ilac re cot^nita, Mithrida- tes cum Sylla de !)ace agcre coepit. 7, Interim en tempore Sylla etiam Dardanus. Scordiscos Dalinaiiab £c Mcsospartim vicit, alios in fidem accepit. Sed cum le^;ati a rege Miiliri • date, qui paceni pelebant, vinissent, non alilcr se daturum Sylla esse res- noudit, nisi rex relictis liis quaj occiip.nverat, ad regnum suum rediissct. Postea tamen ad collo- quium ambo venerunt, pax inter eosordinala est; lit Sylla ad bcllutn civile fi^?tinans, a tergo {)ei i- culiim non habcrct. I\am Afterwards a battle being fought against Archelaus, he so conquered him, that of a hufidred and twenty thousand, scarce ten were Uft Archelaus, and only fourteen men of Syl- la*s army were slain, Mitfh- ridatcs, having heard of this battle, se?it 70 thousand cho- sen me 71 out of A.^tia to Arche- laus, agaifist whom Sylla a- gain engaged, Jn the first battle twenty thausand of the enemies were slain, and the so?i of Archelaus Diogenes, In the second all the forces of Mithridates were destroyed, Archelaus lay hid for three days in the fens. This thing being known^ Mithridates be- gan to treat about a peace with Sylla. 7. hi the mean while Sylla at that time fiarthj conuuered the Dardunians, the Scordis- cans, the Dalmatians and the AltvsianSs took in others upon promise of quarter. But when the deputies were come from Alithridates^ wli'j desired peace, Sulla replied that he w ^uf ' no otherwise give it, unless the Kings quitting those places h e ha d se ized, ret u rn ed in to h is own kingdom. Yet aft(^wards they both came to a conference, a /icace was settled betwixt them, that Sylla hastening ta the civil war, might have fict danger in lus rear. For whiht «4 EUTROPII cum Sylla in Achaia at- que Asia Miihndutem Ticit, Maiiusqii fugaUi> crat, Sc Cornelius Ciima unus ex Consulibus, hel- ium in Italia repararuiit : &in.ujressi urbemRomam nobilissimos ex Senatu & Consulares viros inter- fecerunt, nuiltos proscrip- serunt ; ipsius Syllsc do- mo eversa, filios et uxo- rem ad fugam compide- runt ; universus reliquus Senatus ex urbe fugiens, ad Syllam in Grxciam renit, orans ut patrix subveniret. Ille in Ita- lian! trajecit, bellum ci- vile gesiurus adversus Norbanum & Scipionem Consules, & primo prx- lio contra Norbanum di- micavit, non longe a Ca- pua ; turn vii. millia ejus cecidit, vi. millia cepit, cxxiv. suorum amisit. Inde etiam se ad Scipio- nem convertit, 8c ante prxlium totum ejus exer- citum sme sanguine in deditionem accepit. 8. Sed cum Romae mu- tati Consules essent, 8c Marius Marii filius, ac Papirius Carbo Consula- Sylla wan conquering Alithri» dates in ^c/iaia and Ania^ iVIw riuny who had betn forced tojly^ and Cornelius Cinna one of the Con.\uls, renewed the war in Ita/y, and entering the city Rome, slew the noblest of the Senate, and several Consular gentlemen, and * proscribed many : the house of Sylla hini' self being pulled down, they forced his sons and wife tofiy : all the rest of the Senate fying out of the city came into Greece to Sylla, begging of him that he would relieve his country* He went over into Italy, in or- der to carry on a civil war a- gainst the Consuls Scipio aiid A^orbanus, and in the first bat- tle fought against A orb anus y not far from \ Capua; he then slew seven t h^iu sand oj his, took six thousand and lost but 1 24 of his own men. From thence too he turned himself against Scipio; and before battle received his whole army, without bloodshed^ upon surrender» 8. But when the Consuls were changed at Hornet and Marius the son of Marius. and Papirius Carbo had received * That is, posteil up their names, with a j^romise of reward to any that should kill the.u. This was the fust lime this horrid barbarity wa^ practised amongst tiie Romans. f A city of Campania. LIBER V. $5 tiim accepissent. Sylla tamen contra Marium Juniorem dimicavit : & XV. minibus ejus occisis, cccc. de suis perdidit. de suis perdidit. Mox etiam & urbcm ingressus est. Marium Marii fili- um, Prscneste persequat- us, obsedit, 8c ad mortem compulit. Rursus pug- nam gravissimam habuit contra Lamponium £c Carinatem duces partis Marianx ad portam Ciol- linam. Lxxix. millia hostium in eo praelio con- Ira Syllam iuisse dicun- tur. Xii. millia se Syllx dediderunt : cxteri in acie, in castris, in fuga, insaiiabili ira victorum consumpti sunt. Cnajus quoque Carbo Consul al- \er, ab Arimino ad Sici- lium fugii ; 8c ibi per Cnxum Pompeium inter- fectus est : qucm adoles- centem Syliu annosimum 8c XX. natum cognita ejus industria, traditis ejus exercitibusprxfeccM'at, ut secundus a Sylla habe- re tur, 9. Occiso ergo Car- bone, Pompeius Sicilium recepit. Transgressus inde ad Afiicam, Domi- tium Marianx partis du- the Consulship, Sylla * enga- ged against Marius the young- er, and killing fifteen thousand of his men, lost four hundred of his own» By and by too he entered the city ; 'dnd pursuing Marius the son of Marius, to Frccneste, besieged tdni there, and forced him to a violent death» Jgai7i, he had a ter- rible bat tit' against Lamponius and Carinus, genera's rf Ala- rius' party, at the Col line gate. There are said to have been 79,000cfthe enemy in that battle against Sylla: \ 2, (.)00 surren- dered themselves to Sylla ; the rtst were destroyed in the field, in the camp, and in their flight, by the insatiable rage of the conquerors, Cnaus Carbo, the other Consul ftd also to Sicily from .driminum^ and was there slain by \ Crnnwi Pcmptius, whom though a young man, be- ing but 2 1 years old, Sylla per- ceiving his spirit, had placed at the head cf his troops, deli- vered tip to him, so that he was reckoned the seco::d after Sulla, 9, H here fore after Carbo was slain, Pompey regained Sicily, Going ovf^r from thence to Jfrica, he slew Domiiius, a general of Marius' party, * Tt is hard to say what Eutropins meau.i here by tntnen. f This Potnney «as afterwards suinamcd the Great. II «6 EUTROPII cem, 8c Hiarbam regem Mauritanisc, qui Domitio auxilium ferebat, occidit. Post hxc Sylla de Miih- ridate ingcnti gloiia tri- umphavitt Cnxus etiam Pompeius, quod nulli Ro- manorum tribuium erat, quartum & xx. annum agens, de Africa trium- phavit. Hunc finem ha- buerunt duo bella funes- tissima ; Italicum quod 8c sociale dictum. & Ci- vile: qux ambo tractata sunt per annos decern, consumpserunt ultra cl. millia hominum. viros Consulares xxiv. Prxto- rios vii. ^Edilitios Ix. Se- natores fere ccc. and IiiarbaSi king of MaurttB' nia, who drought assistance to Domitius, jifttr this., Sylla tri- umfihed over Alithridates in great glory, Cnaus Pompey tooy when going u/ion the 247A year of his age-, triumphed over Africa^* which had been gran- ted to no one of the Romans before. Tivo very destructive wars had this e?idy the Italian^ which vjus likewise called the social and the civil war. Both ivhich were carried on for ten yearSi and took off above a hundred and fifty thousand mcn^ til- 7iy 'four Consular gentlemen^ seven Pratorian., sixty jEdili' tiun^ in: xi almost three hundred Senators, * The honor of a triumph had not been granted before to any but Dictators, Consuls, Praetors, Propraetors, that is, such as, after the time of their Consulship or Praetorship was expired, were sent mto the provinces ; whcr«as Pompey had not as y«t been in any office «f the ;overnin«Rt. . : EUTROPII BREVIARIUM HISTORLE ROMAN^oE. ^-:i:«-:— I LIBER VI. M ARCO iEmilioLe- pido, Quinto Catulo Con- sulibus, cum Sylla rem- publicam composuisset, bella nova exarserunt : unum, in Hispania ; ali- ud, in Pamphilia & Cili- cia ; tertium in Macedo- nia; quartum, in Dal- matia. Nam Sertorius, qui partium MariaRarum fuerat, timens fortunam caeterorum, qui interemp- li crant, ad bellum com- movit Hispanias. Missi sunt contra eum duces Quintus Cxcilius Metel- lus, filius ejus qui Jugur- tham rcgem vicit, & Lu- cius Domitius Praetor. A Sertorii duce Hirluleio Domitius occisus est : Metellus vario successu contra Sertorium dimi- * Others call him Herculcius. M ARCUS JEmilius Le/ii. dus and Quintus Catu/us being Consuls, when Sylla had now settled the commonnveaUh^ new wars broke out ; one in Spaiuy another in l^amfdiilia and Ci- licia, a third in Alaccdoniay and a fourth in Dalniatia, For Sertoriusy who had been of Ma^ rius' party,, fearing the fortune of the rest, who had been slain^ raised Spain to war, Qidntus Cacilius JMetellus, the son of him who conquered kinz Ju» gurtha, and Lucius Domitius Frxtor, were sent generals a- gainst him, Domitius was slain by Sertorius' general * Hirtuleius, Metellus fought witfi various success against Sertorius, Afterwards, when. Metellus alone was thought in- sufficie7it for fighting him^ Cnxus Pompeiua was sent tQ ts EUTROPH cavit. Postea cum impar pugnx solus Metellus pu- laretur, Cnxus Pompeius ad Hispanias missus est. Ita duobus ducibus ad- vcrsis, Sertoi'ius fortuna ▼aria sxpc pugnavit. Oc- tavo dtiuium anno a suis occibus est, Sc finis ei bcilo d^tus per Cn. Pom- pt^ium adulescentem, 5c Quintum Mttellum Pi- II 111 ; atque onines prope Hispanix in ditionem Po- puli Romani redactx sunt. 2. Ad Macedoniam missus est Appius Clau- dius post Consulatum. Levia prxlia habuit con- tra viirias gentes, qux llhod;'pam provinciam irxolcbar.t : atquc ibi morbo morluus est. Mis- sus ei successor Cnxus Soriboniu3 Curio post ConsuKilum: is Dardanos vicit, Sc usque ad Danu- biuni Dcnelravit, trium- pliuuique meruit, Sc intra trieniiium finem bello Spain. Thus two g'c?ierals be- ing employed agaijist him, Sertoriiis fought oftentimes nvith various Jortune, jit last he ivas slain in the 8th year by his own maiy and an arid iiut to this war by the young inan, Cnceus Fomfiey, and Quiniua AlcteUus Pins, and a/mo.st all S/iain riductd under the domi- nion of the Jioman people. Icdit. Ad Ciliciani Sc Pamphiliam missus est p. Servilius ex Consule, vir strenuus. Is Ciliciam subegit, Lycix urbes clarissimas oppugnavit Sc ccpit: in his Phaselidem, 2. ^pfiiu^ Claudius tvas sent after his Consulshiji to Mace- donia. He fought some slight battles against various nations^ ivliich inhabited the province of *Rhodo/iey and there died cf a distemper. Cnceus Scri- bmius Curio was sent as his successor, after his Consulship : lie conquered the ^Dardaniansy and penetrated as far as the Danube, and deserved a tri- umph^ and ivithin three year» put and end to the luar. 3. Publius Serviliua after his being Coiisul, an active man, was sent to Ciiicia and Pamphilia, He subdued Cili' cidy attacked the most famous cities of Lycia, and took them ; amongst these Fhaselis, Olym- * In Thrare. \ A peupleabovs Maccdouia. LIBER VI. 89 Olympum, Coricum Cili- ciac. Isauros quoque ag- gressus, in deditionem redegit, atque intra trien- nium bello finem dedit. Primus -omnium Roman- orum in Tauro iter fecit. Revcrtens triumphum accepit, 8c nomen Isauri- ci meruit. 4. Ad Illyricum missus est Cnxus Cosconius Proconsul : multam par- tem Dalmatiae subegit, Salonas cepit ; Sc cora- posito bello, Romam post biennium rediit. 5. lisdem temporibus, Consul Marcus ^milius Lepidus, Catuli collega, bellum civile voluit com- movere; intra tamen u- nam xstatem motus ejus oppressus est. Ita uno tempore multi simul triumphifuerunt; Metel- li, ex Hispania ; Pom- peii, secundus ex Hispa- nia ; Curionis, ex Mace- donia; Servilii, ex Isau- ria. 6. Anno urbis conditas ncLxxvi. L. Licinio Lu. cullo, 6c Marco Aurelio Cotta Consulibus, mor- tuus est Niconiedes rex Bithynia:, ct per testa- mentumpopulum Roma- pus and Coricum of Ciiicia» He likewise invaded the *Isau- rians, Jorced them to a submis- sion, and within three years put and end to the war. He first of all the Romans made a march over mount Taurus» Returning he received the hon- our of a triumph, a?id earned the name of Isauricus. 4. Cneeus Cosconius was sent ProconsiU to Illyricum ; subdued a great part of fBal- matia, took Salon ce ; and having made an end of the war, re- turned after two years to Rome. 5. In the same times, tht Consul Marcus jEmilius Lepi- dus^ the colleague of Cattdus, had a design to raise a civil war : yet his disturbance was sufifiressed within one summer» Thus at one time there were ma?iy triumphs together ; Me- tellus* over Spain; Pompey's second over Spain ; Curio's o- ver Macedonia ; Sei villus* c- ver Isauria. 6. In the year from the building of the city |676, when Lucius Licinius Lucul- lus and Marcus Aurelius Cotta were Consuls, .Vicomedes, king of Bithynia died, and by his will made the Roman people- * isauna lies on the north part of Pam])hiliaand Ciiicia. f Dalinalia is a part of IJlyriciim, X ^'i^ it should have beeu. H2 9« EUTROPII nam fecit haredem. Mi- thridates pace rupta, Bi- thyniamet Asiam rursus voluit invadere. Adver- sus eiim ambo Consules mihsi variam habuere for- tunam. Cotta apud Chal- cedonem victus ab eo a- cie, eiiam intra oppidum coactus est, et obsessus. Scd cum se inde Mithri- dates Cyzicum transtu- lissct, ut, Cyzico capto, totam Asiam invaderet, Lucullus ei alter Consul occurrit : ac dum Mith- 1 idates in obsidione Cy- zici commoraretur, ipse a tergo obsedit, fameque consumpsit, et multis prjcliis vicit. Postremo Byzantium (quae nunc Constantinopolis est) fu- gavit. Ndvali quoque prxlio duces ejus Lucul- lus oppressit. Ita una liyeme et xstatc, a Lu- cullo ad centum fere mil- lia hominum exparte re- gis extincta sunt. r. Anno urbis Romic Dclxxviii. iNIacedoniam provinciam M. Licinius Lucullus accepit, conso- brinus Luculli, qui contra Miiliridaiem bcllum ge- his heir, Mithridates breaking- the peace^ endeavoured to seize Bithynia and Asia again. Both the Consuls being sent against him, had various fortune* Cot- ta being routed by him in the field at *Chalcedon^ ivas forced also ivithin the town, aiid be- fiieged. But after Mithridates had re?noved thence to fCyrf- cum^ that after taking Cyzicum^ he might invade all Mia, Lu- cu/lusy the other Consul, met with him ; and whilst Mithri- dates lay there in the siege of Cyzicum, he besieged him be^ hifidyyand wasted his tmops by famine, and defeated him in ?7iany battles. At lust, he forcedhimtojly to Byzantium^ which is 710W Constantinople. I.ucullua likewise beat his ad- mirals in a battle by sea. Thus in one winter and summer, c- bout a hundred thousand inen on ,he King's side luhere slain by Lucullus, 7. In the year of the city Rome ^678, Marcus Licinius Lucullus received the province of Macedonia, cousin of Lu- cullus who carried on the war against Mithridates, And a ♦ Cn;..rctIon was a city of Asia ^^i^or, in the province of Bithynia, nvratUe entrance of the Euxine «ea, over against Constantinople. t tyzicus or C yzRuin, a m.t.Hl city of Asia Minor, upon the Pro- rontis, not tar tioin the Hellespont. i 63U iic .siiouiU htV e said. LIBER VI. (Jl rcbat. Et in Italia no- vum bellum subito com- motum est. lxxx. enim et quatuor gladialores, ducibus Spartaco, Chry- so et (Enomao, eftVacto Capux ludo, effugerunt; et per Italiam vagantes, pene non levius belJum in ea, quam Annibal mo- verat, paraverunt ; nam multis ducibus, et duo- bus slmul Romunoium ConsuUbus viciis sexa- ginia fere milliiim arma- torum exercitum con- gregaverunt : victique sunt in Apulia a M. Li- cinio Crasso Procoiisule, et post muhas calamita- les Itnlix, tertio anno bello huic finis imponi- lur. 8 Sexcentesimo octo- gesimo primo uibis con- dilx anno, P. Cornelio Lentulo & Cnxo Aufidio Oieste Consulibus, duo ' tuntum gravia bcli^ in imi>ciio Romano erant, Miihridaticum et Mace- donicum : h»c duo Lucul- li agebant, L. Lucullus, et M. Lucullus. L. ergo Lucullus post pugnam Cyzicenam, qua \icerat Miihridatem, et navalem, ^lUa duces ejus oppres- trat, persecutusesteum; tt recepta Paphlagonia 72^7:» war was suddenly raised in Italy : for four score and four gladiators, under their leaders S/iartacus, Chyrsus and CE?io?naus, breaking o/ien a scliQol at Cajiua, made their escape ; and vjandering through Italy, raised almost no Uss a war in it than Annibal had done. For defeating several generals^ and two Consuls of the Rq, mafis together, they assembled an army of almost 60.000 ar- med men, and were overthrown in A/iulia by M, Licinius Crassus the Proconsul ;and after many calamities brought upon It Lily, an end is put to this war in its third year. t €82 rath«r. 8. In the ieSlst year from the building of the can when Puh'nis CornrliuM Lcntulus ^ and Cn^us Aunidius Orestes were Consuls, there were only two considerable wars in the Roman empire, the Mithrida- tic and Macedonian, The two Luculli, L. Lucullus and M, Lucullus n.auiged these, Jl'hcre/ore L. Lucullus after the battle of Cyzicus, in which he had defeated Mithridates, and the fight at sea, in which he had overthroivn his admi- rals, pursued him ; and reco- vering ra/ih!ago7ua and Bi- n EUTROPn LTBE^ VI. 92 atque Bithy nia etiam re- gnum ejus invasit. Sino- pen et Amisum civitatcs Ponti nobilissimas cepit : secundo prselio apud Ca- biram civitatem, quo in- gentes copias ex omni regno adduxerat Mithri- dates cum trigiiUa millia lectissima regis aquinque Romanorummillibus vas- tata essent,Mithndates fu- gatus,et castra ejusdirep- la. Armenia quoque Minor, quam tenueral,ei- dem sublata est. Suscep- tus tamen estMithridates post fugam a Tigrane Armeniai rege ; qui tum ingeuti gloria imperabat, Peisas sxpe vicerat, Mesopotamiam occupa- verat, et Syriam, et Phcenices partem. 9. Ergo Lucullus repe- tens hostcm fugatum, ~e- tiam regnum rigranis, qui Armeniis imperabat, ingressus est. Tigrano- certam civitatem Ar- menisc nobilissimam ce- pit ; ipsum regem, cum i/iynia, likewise invaded his kingdom. Be took the most famous cities of Fontus *Sinope and Jmisus* In the second battle at the city t Cabira, vjhither Mithridatea had brought a vast army drawn out of all parts of his kingdom^ when thirty thousand chosen men of the King's ivere routed by five thousand of the Ro^ ?na?is, Mithridatea was forced tofly^ and his camp was filun- dered. jirmenia the less too which he had seized^ was taken from him. Yet Mithridatea was received lifter his flight, by Tigra7ies, the King of Ar- meniay who then reigned in great glory, had often co?i- (juered the \ Persians, had sei- zed Mesopotamia and Syria and part of Phanicia. 9. Wherefore Lucullus a- gain marching in quest of the flying enemy, entered likewise the kingdom of Tigranes, who reigned over the two Armenias, Ifs took the most famous city of Armenia Tigranocerta ; the King himself, coming with * Sinope anil Amisus were cities of Paphlagonia, not Puntus, •f A city of PonlBS. X Our author should have said Parthians, for so the nations inhabit- ing betwixt the rivers Tigris and Indus, from the time that they wer» contjucred fiom tiie Macedonians, by Ar*^aces the Partl'ian, were called, till the old loyal family of tiie Arsacidae was entirely «et asiiU by Artaxerxes a Persian, in the days of Alexander Sevetus, Emperor of Rome, and year of Christ 233 ; upon which the name of Parthians was laid aside for that of Persians, and the coiuitry is at this da y called Pert>ia. sexcentis millibus sagit- torum et armatorum ve- nicntem, octodecim mil- lia militum habens, ita vicit, ut niagnam partem Armenioi'um dclcvciit. Inde Nisibin protecUis earn quoque civitatem cum regis fratre cepit. Sed hi, quos in Ponto Lucullus reliquerat cum exercitus parte ut regio- nes victas, etiam Ro- manes, tuercntur, negii- genter se et avare agen- tes, occasionem iteium Milhriduli in Pontum ii*- rumpendi dederunt, at- que ita bellum renova- tum est. Lucullo paranti, capta Nisibi, contra Per- sas expeditionem, suc- cessor est missus. 10. Alter in LucuUus, qui Macedonian! admini- strabat, Bessis Romano- rum primus intulit bel- lum, atque eos ingenti prsilio in M,xwo monte snpcravit: oppidum Us- cudamam, quod Bessi habitabant, eodem die quo aggressus est, vicit : Cabylen cepit ; usque ad Danubium penetravit. Inde mulias super Pon- tum posiias civitates ag- gressus est. I Hie Appol- loniam evertit, Calalin, PartUenopolin, Tomos, •'' A '.ity of Mesopotamia. 600,000 boiv men, and other armed 7ncn, having hut 18,000 men, he so dtfeated, that he cut off a great part cf the Ar' menians. Marching front thence to *J\lsibis^ he took that city too, with the King's brO' ther. But thsne whom Lucul' I us had left in Pont us with part of the army, to protect the conquered countries and the Romans too, behaving them' selves carelessly and covetously^ gave again an occasion to iMith' ridates of breukit^g into Pon- tus, and so the war was re- 7iewcd, A Sliced ssf^r was sent Lucullus, preparing for an ex/iedition against (hePersia?iSy after he had tukeii .Yisibis, 10. The other Lucullus, wh§ governed Macedonia, first of all the Romans nuide war ufioii the Bess:^ u.d , ou.'fd them in a great battle in mount j.T!.mus ; he took the town of Uscu da ma, wh icli the Bessi inhabited, the same day he ]first attacked it. He took Cabyle^ and penetrated as far as the Danube, Jfter thut he attack" ed many cities lying abovePon' tus. There he destroyed A ppoU lonia^ took Calatis, Parrhenopo- lis, Tjmi, later and all Byzia ; and ufl'.i f '?ff war was ended re- turned to Rome, Yet they botn triumfihed i Lucullus who hud f4 EUTROPII LIBER VI. Istrnm, Byziam omnem cepit : belloque confecto, Romam lediit : ambo tamen triumphaverunt ; Lucullas qui coiiira Mi- thridatem pugnaverat, niajori gloria, cum tan- torum regnorum victor rediisset. 11. Confecto bello Macedonico, manente Mithridatico, quod, rece- dente Lucullo, rex col- Icctis auxiliis reparaverat, bellum Creticum ortum est ; ad id missus Caeci- lius ^letellus, ingentibus prscliis intra triennium omnem provinciam cepit, appellatusque est Creti- cus ; atqje ex insula tri- umphavit. Quo tempore Lybia quoque Romano imperio per testamentum Apionis, qui rex ejus fue- rat, accessit, in qua incly- tx civitates erani, Beren- ice, Potemais ct Cyrene. 12. Dum hac gerun- tur, piratx omnia maria infcstabant : ita ut navi- gatio Romanis toco orbe victoribus sola tuta non csset. Quare id beiUim Cnaso Pompeio decretum est, quod intra paucos menses ingenti felicitate fought against Mithridate» vjit/i the greater glory ^ seeing he had returned conrjueror tjf such great kingdom*. 9S 11, After the Macedonian ivar ivas ended^ the Mithri da- tick still continuing^ which up' on Luc u II us' going off, the king raising new forces had reneived^* the Cretian ivar be- gun ; Ccecilius MctcHus being sent to that war, reduced the whole /irovince by great battlesy in three yearsy and was called Creticus, and triumphed over the island, \^t which time \Lybia too was added to the Rema7i e7nfiire, by the will of ^4/iion^ who had been King thereof in vjhich were the J a- mous cities^ Jhrenice^ Ptole» mats and Cyrene, 12. Whilst these things are doings the pirates infested all the seasy so that sailing only was not safe to the Romans^ thon^^h victorious through the whole world. Wherefore that war was voted for Cnaeus Pom- peyy which he dispatched in a few months with great good * In the year 679 from the building of Rome, to which Metellus was not sent till G86. t This is a mistake, Apion died in 6jS. ij: A country on the \v«st of Ejypt r: celeritate confecit. Mox ei delatum bellum ctiam contra regem Mithridatem, et Tigra- nem : quo suscepto, Mithridaiem in Armenia Minore, noctuino piaelio vicii, casiiadiripuii; qua- dra.t,iuta millibas ejus oc- cisib, viginti tauiura de exerciiu suo perdidis et duos Centuriones. Mith ridates cum uxore fu.ijit, duobus comlLibus; v,v-\-\q multo post cum • iiios SKviret, Pliarnacis .li.i s>ii sc'dl.ione aj'u I niilites, ad moite.i»'- ,«r us,ve- ,'nir.rj hiusit. liu c ti- Ml lia- bui- Mitij-idates ; p.riil autem a. ud B)s;)iiiin, vir inj^ciitis i. du-.uix consiliiqiie. Reti-rJtan- nos vexugiiua : vixit ep- lu iginta duos : contra Romanos bellum habuit annos quadraginta. 13. Tigrani deinde Pompeius bellum iiUulit; ille se ei dedidit, in cas- tra Pompeii sexto decimo milliario ab Artaxata ve- nit ; ac diadema suum, cumprocubuissetadgenua Pompeii, in manibus ejus collocavit : quod ei Pom- peius reposuit, honorifi- ceque eum habitum, reg- fortunc and expedition. Soon after too the war against king Mithridates and Tigranes was comrnitted to him ; after the undertaking of which^ he con» queredy in a battle by nighty Mifhridutes in Armenia the Lessy and plundered his camp^ slaying 40 000 of his men ; he lost only 20 of his own army^ and two Cmturions, Mithri- dates Jitd wif.h his wife and two attendants^ and not long after y behaving crucUy towards his own relations, bcii.g forced to die bit .1. m>;'iny of his own son Phurnwe.i amongst the soldiers, he c'-unk /.cihon. This end had A/:h ; lates : he dif'd at *lJj,i/thorusy being a man of gnat uciii "; (.. •. / con- auct. he reig: d uxf.^ .'- '••■''o, lived st-veniyi^nju, dr.d had a war with the Ru:nans |40, 13. After that Pompcy made war upon Tigranes^ he surren- dered himself to him. and came into Pomfiey's camp., sixteen miles from Artaxata^ and put his diadem in /lis hands ajter he hadjallen at the knees of Pom- pey ; which Pompey returned him ; and though he treated him honourably y yet deprived him of a fiart of his kiiigdom^ * He means the Crimmerian Bosphorus bstwixt the Fuxine auil *ePalusMaeotis. f Some make them more and some le». 96 EUTROPII iii tamen parte mulctavit, ct grand! pecunia: ademp- ta est ei Syria, PhcEjiice, Sophene : sex millia prxlerea talenlorum ar- genli, qux populo Roma- no daret, quia bellum si- ne causa Romanis com- movisset. 14. Pompeius mox e- tiam Albanis bellum in- tulit,et eorum regemOro- dem ter vicit : postremo per epistolas el munera rogatus, veniam ei ac pa- cem dedit. Iberize quoquc regem Ariliacem vicit a- cie,et in deditioncm acce- pit. Armeniam Mino- rem Deiotaro Galatisc re- gi donavit, quia socius belli Mithridatici fuerat. Attalo et PhilxmeniPaph- lagoniam reddidit, Arist- archum Colchis regem imposuit. Mox ItursEOs et Aralies vicit: etcum ve- nisset in Syriam, Seleu- ciam. viciuam Anliochix civitate.i.. libertate dona- vit, eo quod regemTigra- nem non recepisset. An- tiochensibus obsides red- didit, aliquantum agro- rumDaphnenbibus dedit, quo lucus ibi spatiosior and a huge sum of money : Syritty P/ia'?jicia and Sophene were taken from him^ besides six thousand talents of silzer, nvhlch he ivas to give (he Ro- man jieofile^ bf cause he had made a ivar upon the Romans Hvithout a came* 14. Pompey soon of ter made ivar upon the *J!bans^ and thrice dtftated their King O- rode.s ; at la^t being wrought upon by letters and present i^^ he granted him a pardui and peace. He Itkeivise overthrew in battle Arthaces king of Ibe- ria and took him by surrender. He granted the J.etif ,-cci- V(d King Tigranes» /.r re- stored their hostages to the An- tiochians, and gave soinr land to the \\Daphmnsian(s. 'hat tiie, grove there might be made I.IBER VI. ff * A people betwixt Ihc Euxine and the Ciispian seas, f A people on the nurth ot'Judnea, about Mount Lehanon. \ The uictropolis of Syria, upon the river Orontcs, not far froa iJie sea. II Daphne was a pleasant village near Antioch. fierct : delcctatus amoe- nitate loci, et aquarum abundantia. Inde ad Ju- dxara transgressus, Hie- rosolymam caput gentis teriio mense cepit, duo- decim millibus Judaeorum Decisis, cacteris in fidem acceptis. His gestis, in Asiam se recepit, C fi- nem antiquissimo bello dedit. 15. Marco Tullio Ci- cerone, Caio Antonio Consulibus, anno ab ur- be condita Dclxxxix. Lucius Sergius Catilina, nobilissimi generis vir, sed ingenii pravissimi, ad delendam patriam con- juravit, cum quibusdam Claris quidem, sed auda- cibus viris. A Cice- rone urbe expulsus est : focii ejus deprehensi, in carcere strangulati sunt. Ab Antonio altero Con- sule Catilina ipse in prx- lio victus est, et inter- fectus. 16. Sexcentesimo no- nagesimo anno ab urbe condita, D. Junio Sila- no, ct L. Mura:na Con- sulibus, Metellus de Creta triumphavit: Pom- peius de bello Piratico et Milhridatico. Nulla un- qaam triumphi pom pa similis fuit ; ducti sunt anteejuscurrum filiusMi- thridatis, filius Tigranis, more spacious^ being mightily taken with the pleamntness of the place .^ and the plenty ofitni- ter. Going from thence to Ju- dea^ he took Jerusalem^ the metropolis of the nation., in three months ; killing 12 thou- sand of the Jews., the rest be- ing admitted to Quarter, Af- ter he had done the.^e things^ he withdrew himself into Asia, andputanendto ih\?, long war. 15. When Marcus Tullius Cicero and C. Antonius were Consuls, in the year from the building of the city 689, Lu- cius Sergius Catilina, a man of a very noble extraction, but a very perverse disposition, con- spired with some famous in- deed, but daring men, to de- stroy his country. He was forced from the city by Cicero : his accompdices being seized were strangled in prison. Cat- aline himself was defeated in battle, and slain by the otfier Consul Antonius* 16. In the 690th year from the building of the city, V, Ju- nius Stlanus and L. Murcena being Coiisuls, Metellus tri- umphed over Crete ; Pompey, vpon account of the Piratick and Miihridatick war, Ao pomp of a triumph was ever like it. The son of Mthrida- tes, the son of Tigranes, and Aristohulus King cf the Jewsy were led deform; his chariot; a 98 EUTROPIl AristobuUi» rex Judxo- vast deal o/ money, sT^d a., rum: prxlata ingens pe- v'Jxi'c v,e,ghtofgoldands,l. cunia, auri atque argen- ver ,»as earned before lum. ti infinitum pondus. M thi, time there -wa. no area Hoc tempore nullum per ^«ar throughout the tvho/e orbem teirarum grave -world. bellum erat. ^ , j- ,1,. 17. Anno urbis condi- \7. In the y^^rfrom 'he tx DCxciii. Caius Julius building oj the city 69b, Ca,m Cxsar, qui postea impe- Juliu. C»= ^n-m «-hat ou.- author say^ it, which it i>^ plain he did not any more than Eutropius. LIBER VI. 5» mium imperavit sesterti- um quadringeiuies: Ger- manosq ; irans Rhenum aggressus, immanissimis pixliis vicit. Inter tot successus ter male pug- iiavit ; Apud Arvernos semel prxsens, et ab- sens ill Germania bis: nam legati ejus duo, Ti- lurius et Aurunculeius, per insidias csesi sunt. 18, Circa eadem tem- pera, anno urbis conditx Dcxcvii. Marcus Licini- us Crassus, collega Cnaei Pompeii Magni in Con- sulatu secundo, contra Parthos missus est : et cum circa C arras con- tra omina et auspicia dimicasset, a Surena Orudis regis duce victus, ad postremum interfec- lus est, cum filio claris- simo et prxatantisaimo juvene. Reliquix exer- citus per C. Cassium Quxstorem servalx sunt, qui singulari animo per- ditas res tanta virtute restituit, ut Persas redi- ens trans EupUratem, crebris prxliis vinceret. 19. Hinc jam bellum civile successit, execran- dnm 5c lacrymabile ; qno, prarter calainitates qux praeliis acciderunt, etiam conquered them in prodigious battles, Amongst S9 many suc- cesses^ he fought three times unfortunately, once in person among the Jrverniy and tivice^ when absent, in Germajiy ; for his two lieutenants, Titurius end Auru7iculeius ivere taken off by an ambuscade* 18. About the same time, in the year from the city's be- ing built 697, Marcus Lici- nius Crassus, the colleague of Cn£us Fompey the Great in his second Consulate, tjjs sent against the Parthians ; and fighting them about Carra;, coJitraiy to the omens and aus- pices, he was defeated by Su- rena, a general of Ki?ig Oro' dcs, and at last slain with his son, a most famous and extra- ordinary young man. The re- mains of the army were saved by C. Cassius th^ Qiiaesior, who wc^h singular resolution restored the ruinous affliirs cf the Komdnswith so much con- duct, that returning beyond Euphrates, he overthrew the Persians in several battles, 19. Upon this the civil war followed, an execrable and la- mentable war ; inwhich, besides theJiaVoc that happened in the several battles, * the for tune of * Our author means the form of government was changed fi-om that •fa popular state, to an absolutt. monarchy. 10« EUrROPlI Romani nominis fortuna mutata est. Casarenim, rediens a Gallia victor, coepit deposcere alterum Consulatum; atque, cum sine dubietate aliqua de- feirctur, contradictum est a Marcello Consule, a r>ibuIo, a Pompeio, a Calone; jussusqiie dimis- sis exercitibus ad urbem redire : propter qiiam in- juriam ab Arimino, ubi milites congregatoshabe- bat, adversum palriam cum exercitu venit. Con- sules cum Pompeio, Sc- natusque omnis, atque universa nobilitas ex ur- be fugit, et in Graeciam transivit ; apud Epirum, Macedoniam, Achaiam, Pompeio duce, contra Cxsarem bellum paravit. 20. Caesar, vacuam ur- bem ingressus Dictato- rem ie fecit, inde Hispa- nias petiit. Ibi Pompeii exercitus validissimos et fortissimos, cum tribus ducibus, L. Afranio, M. Petreio, M. Varrone, su- peravit. Inde reversus, in Graeciam transivit ; adversum Pompeium di- the Roman name too was chan^ ged. For Cxsar returning victorious from Gaul, begun to demand another Coiisulahifi ; and as it was given him without any scru/ile, opposition waft made to the matter by Mar- cellus the Consul, by Bibulus, by Pompey and by Cato ; and he ordered to disband his aj-mies and return to town ;for which injury he came from Arimi- 7ium, where he had some sol- diers drawn together, with a body of troops against his coun- try. The Consuls, with Pom- pey and all the Senate, and the whole nobility, fied out of the cityliomt^and went over into Greece; and in Epire, Mace- donia and Achaia, under Pom- pey their general, levied war against Casar, 20. Casar entering the city now empty,* made himself Dictator, and after that went for Spain, There he reduced very powerful and very strong armies of Pompey* s, with the three commanders L, Afranius, M, Pctreius and M, Varro, Returning from thence, he went over into Greece, fought against Pompey, but was de- LTBER VI. lOl * Caesar was not Dictator tiU after his return from Spkin, and con- tinued iu that office but 1 1 days, and was then made Consul. Madam Dacier says Eutropius is mistaken in saying Caesar made himself Dic- tator; it was the Senate made him so; as if those few of the Sena- tors that staid at Rome, could, with any proprity be called the Senate; it was at best but the rump of the Senate; iha whole body almost w»» with Poxnpey. micavit, primo pr«lio victus est, et fugatus : c- vasit tamen, quia nocte interveniente Pompeius sequi noluit ; dixitque Caesar, nee Pompeium scire vincere, et illo tan- tum die se potuisse su- perari. Deinde inThessa- lia apud Palseopharsalum produclis utrinque ingen- libuscopiisdimicaverunt. Pompeii acies habuit xl. millia peditum, equitum in sinisiro cornu vii. mil- lia, in dextro d. prjete- rea totius Orieniis- auxi- lia; totamque nobilita- tem, innumeros Senato- res, Prjciorios, Consula- res, Sc qui magnorum jam populorum victores fuissent. Caesar in acie sua tiabuit peditum non integra xxx. millia, equi- tes mille. 21. Nunquam adhuc Romanx copix in unum Deque majores, neque melioribus ducibus con- venerant, totum terra- rum orbem facile subac- turac, si contra Barbaros ducerentur : pugnatum lamen est ingenti con- tentione, victusque ad poUremum Pompeius, & castra ejus direpta sunt : feated in the first bittle, and forced to fly ; yet he got off be- cause night coming on, Pom- pey would not pursue him ; and Coesar said tJiat Pompey neither knew how to conquer, and that he could only have been conquered that day. Af- ter that they fought at PaUo^ pharsalus in Thessaly\ with great armies drawn out on both sides. Pompey*s army had 40,000 foot and in the left wing 7000 horse, in the right 500, besides the auxiliaries of alk the Jiast ; and all the nobi- lity, many Senators, Prato- rian and Consular gentlemen ; and who had been already the conquerors of great nations, Casar had in his army not quite 30,000 foot, and a thousand horse. 2 1 . JsTever as yet had great- er Roman armies met together,, nor under better commanders, that would have easily subdued the whole world, if they had been led against the Barba^ rians : they fought with great eagerness ; and Pompey at last was conquered, and his camp plundered: he being forced to fly, went for Alexandria, to get assistance from the King of f Our author is a little overseen in magnifying the armies 50 much; C-esir's was smaller than even be makes it, not exceeding 22,000 men. 1% 102 EUTROPII LIBER VI. idJ ipse fugatus, Alex andri- am petiit, ut a rege -figypti, cui tutor a Sena- tu datus fuerat propter juvenilem ejus «tatem, acciperet auxilia: qui for- lunam magis quam ami- citiam sequutus, occidit Pompeium, caput ejus 8c annulum Cacsari misit, quo conspectu, Cx'oar etiam lacrymas fudisse dicitur, tanti viri intuens caput, & generi quondam sui. 22. Mox Cxsar Alcx- andriam venit, ipsi qi>o- que Ptolemaeus parare vo- luit insidias; qua causa regi bellum illatum est: victus in Nilo periit, in- ventumque est corpus c- jus cum lorica aurca. Csesar Alexandria poti- tus, regnum Cleopatrx dcdit, Ptolemxi sorori, cum qua consuetudinem stupri habuerat. Rediens inde Caesar, Pharnacem Miihridatis Magni filium qui Pompeio in aux ilium apud Thessaliam fuerat, rebellantem in Ponto, & multas Populi Romani provincias occupantem, vicit acie : postea ad mor- tem coegit. 23. Inde Romam re- gressus tertio se Consu- lem fecit cum M. jEmi- ^SyM) to liJhom he had been assigned as a tutor by the Se^ nate^ by reason ©/" his youthful age ; who regarding fortune more than friendships slew Pomfiey^ and sent his head %nd ring to Casar ; at the sight ofwhich^ Casar is said even to have shed tears, when he be- held the head cf so great a man^ and formerly hit son-in-law» 22. Soon after Casar came to Alexandria, Ptolemy resol* ved to lay a plot for him too ; for which cause a war vjaa made upon the King, Being defeated in battle, he was lost in the JSl'ile, and his body found in a golden coat of mail, ds' sar having carried Jllexandria, gave the kingdom to Cleopatra, Ptolemy's sister, with whom he had had a lewd commerce» Caesar retumifig from thence, defeated in battle, Pharnaces the son of Mithridates the Great, who had been to assist Pompey in Thessaly, rebelling in Pontus, and seizing upon many provinces of the Roman people : afterwards *he forced him to death, 23. j^fter that returning to Pome, he made himself a third time Consul with Mmilius Le^ * Others give a dliTerent accouut of his deatk. I UoLepidoqui ei Magister equitum Dictatori ante annum fuerat. Inde in Africam profectus est, u- bi infinita nobilitas cum Juba Mauritanise rege bellum reparaverat. Du- cesautem Romani erant, P.Cornelius Scipio,ex gc- nere antiquissimo Scipio- nis Africaui,(hicetiam so- cer Magni Pompeii fue- rat) M.Petreius,Q Varus, M.PorciusCato,L.Corne- lius Faustus, Syllae Dic- tatoris filius. Contra hos commissopraclio,post multas dimicaliones vic- tor fuit. Cato, Scipio, Petreius, Juba, ipsi se occiderunt: Faustus Pom- peii gener a Cacsare in- terfectus est. 24. Post annum Caesar Romam legressus, quar- tum se Consulem ftcii; et statim ad Hispanias est proftclus, ubi Pompeii filii, Cnxus & Scxtus, ingens beilum reparave- rant. Multa praclia fue- runt: ultimuui })railium a- pud Muiidum civitatem, in quo adeo C xsar pene victus est, ut fugieniibus suis, se voUierit occidere ; nepost lantam rei milita- risgIoriam,in potestatem adolescenlium, naius an- nos sex et quintjuaginta, veniret. Denique repa- Patis suis, vicit, et Pom- pidus, who had been master of the horse to him a year before, when Dictator. After that he went into Africa, where an in^ finite number of the nobility^ with Juba the King of Mauri' tania, had renewed the war» The Roman generals were P» Cornelius Scipio, of the moat ancient family of Scifiio Afri^ canus, (he too had been father^ in-law of Pompey the Great) M. Petreius, Q, Varrus, M. Porcius Cato, L. Corneliut Faustus, son of Sylla the Dic^ tator» In a battle fought cz- goinst them, after many skir* misheSy he was conqueror» Ca- to, Scipio, Petreius and Juba slew themselves : Faustus, the son-in-law of Pompey y was slain by Casar, 24. Cxsar returning c year after to Rome, made himself Consul a fourth time ; and im" mediately went to Spain, where Pompty's sons, Cnceus and Sex!ui had again raised a formidable iiur» There were many battles fou'-lit. 7'hr last battle was at the city Alunda, in wfiich Cicsar was so 7iear co?i:/uer( d, that his men gh- ing ground he was inindtd to kill himself, lest, after so great glory got in war, he should come into the hands of ihese young men, wlien 7iow 5S years old. Finally, rail:/ ing his men J he got the day^ and i04 EUTROPIl peii filius major occisus est, minor fugit- 25. Inde Caesar, bellis civilibus toto orbe com- positis, Romam rediit : agere insoleiitius coepit, et contra consuetudinem Romanx libcrtatis. Cum ergo 8c honores ex sua voluntate piacstaret, qui a populo antea defereban- tur, nee Senatui ad se ve- nienti assurgeret, aliaque regia ac pene tyrannica faceret, conjuratum est in eum a Ix. vel amplius Senatoribus, equitib\is- que Romanis. Prxcipui fuerunt inter conjuratos duo Bruli, eo gencre Bruti qui primu3 Romx Consul est factus, et re- ges expukrat : C. Cassi- U3 et Servilius Casca. Ergo Cxsar, cum Sena- tus die quadam inter cae- teros venisset ad curi- am, Iribus el viginti vul- ncribus confossus est. Pomfiey's elder sm was sUtin; the younger got off» 25. Jfter tliat Ccesar having now tnade an end of the civil Hvars ail the world over, retur- ned to Rome, and begun to carry himself very insolently y and contrary to the custom oj the Roman liberty. Where- fore, since he row disposed of all offices according to his own pleasure, which were given be- fore by the people, and woidd not rise up to the Senate, when coming to him, and did other things like a King, and al- most like a tyrant, a conspira- cy Tjas formed against him, by 60 or more Senators and Ro- man knights. The chief among the conspirators were the two Bruti of the family of Brutus yVjh9 was fir St madi' Consul of Rome, and had expelled the royal fa- mily ; C Cassias and Servi- lius Casca. Wherefore Casar coming among the rest to the Senate house on a certain day of the Senate's meeting, *was stabbed with three and twenty wounds. ♦ Thus fell the mighty Caesar, who for great parts and abilities, and in siiort, for ail the qualifications of a hero but that of honesty, was, pcriiaps, at least e (Ual to any amongst, tlie sons of men. That bane of S' eat and elevated minds, ambition was his dirhng vice, m whion all his other, both good an»i ill, qualities centered, and which at last^ ended in his own ruin, with tb.e downfal of the liberty and glory o. Rome; for the li-ure the Romans made after this unhappy revolu- tion v.as but the shadow of their former grandeur, lie highly dc- served, no doubt, the fate he met with, and to have died by t.ie han«is of the common executioner, rather than those of gentlemen, ti,e crime he was cuilty of, being, perhaps, the greatest human naturtr EUTROPIl BREVIARIUM HISTORL£ ROMANCE. ^:^ LIBER VII. AN^ A .NNO urbis dcc. fere t^FTER desar was s:am ac nono, interfecto Cx- in the year q/ the city 709, the sare, bella civilia repara- civil wars were renewed ; for ta sunt, percussoribus e- the Senate favoured the assas^ nim Cxsaris Senatus fa- sins rf Casar : the Consul .^n- vebat : Antonius Consul, tony, one of Casar' s party y partium Cacsaris, civili endeavoured to crush them by belloopprimere eoscona- a civil war. Wherefore the balur. Ergo turbata Re- Republic being all in confusion^ publica, multa Antonius Antony committing many vil- is capable of. But there wa? no other way to coane at a man guarded by a power for which the whole world besides was not a match ; and therefore they thought they might proceed against him in the way they did. The learned Dean Prideaux has discovered Casar to be a Prince, and so he was just in the same sense that Oliver Crsmwell vra» a King. They were, indeed, a sort of Princes, but unhappily for the memory of them both, of their own making onl}\ Such men may tanoy themselves to be, and others may call them Princes; but their right name is villains, to be ranked with pirates, robbers and mur- derers, for to that class of men they 1)elong, aud desene no better treatment, unless success can be supposed to sanctify villainy. How- ever, the Dean very fairly owns he justly had, for the rewaril of hi« malice and ambit-un, the destruction by which he fell, and further «ays, tliat he was a terrible scourge in the hand of God, for the punish- ment of the wickedness of that age, and that he ought to be reput*4 •h« greatest pe»t »nd plague that mankind had thea thereia. lOG KUTROPJI scelera committens, a Senaiu hostis judicatus est : missi ad eum perse- cjuendum duo Consules Panba et Hirtius, et Octa- vianus, adolescens awnos xviiii. naius, Cacsaris ne- pos, quern ille lestamen- 10 hacredem rtliquerat, et nomcn suum ferre jusse- rat : hie est qui postea Augustus est dictus, et reruin poliius. Quare proi'ecti contra Antonium tres duces vicerunt eum. Kvenit tanien ut victores Consules ambo moreren- tur : quare tres exerci- tus uni Caesari paruerunt. 2. Fugdtus Antonius, amisso exercitu, confu- gitad Lepidum, qui Cx- saii mai^ister equitum fuerat, Sc turn copias mi- liium grandes habebat, a quo susceplus est. Mox Le;>ido operam dante, Csisar cum Antonio pa- rem fecit : & quasi vin^ dicaturus patris sui mor- tem, a quo per testamen- tum fuerat adoptatus, Romam cum exercitu profectus est ; extorsit- que ut sibi xx. anno Con- sulatus daretur. Sena- turn proscripsil cum An- lanits, 'Was declared an enemy by the Senate ; t/ie two Consuls Pansa and Biriius, and Octa- vianus^ a young man 1 8 years old, *Ca:sar's nephew ivhovi he had left his heir in his will, and had ordered to bear his name, were sent to fall ufion him. This is he who was after- wards called Augustus, and enjoyed the su/ireme flower, IVhereJore these three generals marching against Antony^ de- feated him. It hap/iened, not- ivithstanding that the two vic- tor ious\ Consuls lost their lives, Wherejfore the three arinics were now subject to Casar only, 2. AntoJiy being routed, and losing his army, fed to Lcfii- dus, who had been master of the horse to Casar^ and then had a considerable army of soldiers, by whom he was re- ceived. By and by Le/iidus giving his assistance for it, Casar made a/ieace- with Anto- ny, and as destg)^ing to re- venge the death of his father, by whom he had been adopted by will, he marched to Rome with his army: and procured by main force that the Consulate was given him in his twentieth year. With Antony and Lc- pidus he fir ascribed the Senate^ LIBER VII. \%7 * He vvas the grandson of Caesar's sister. f And it was suspected they were taken off by the villainy of Oc- tavianus, tiiat he might reuiaU wle possesior aad ina^te» of the who!? tonio & Lepido, & rem- publicam armis tenere coepit : per hos etiam Cicero orator occisus est, multique alii nobiles. 3. Interia Brutus & Cassius, interfeclores Caesaris, ingens bellum moverunt ; erant enim per Macedoniam 8c Ori- entem multi exercitus quos occupaverunt. Pro- fecti igitur contra eos Csesar Octavianus Au- gustus, et M. Antonius, (remanserat enim ad de- fendendam Italiam Lepi- dus) apud Philippos Ma- cedonisi urbem, contra eos pugnaverunt. Piimo praelio victi sunt Antonius et Cxsar : peviii tamcn dux nobilite«tis CaLisius ; fecuT)(io, Brutui. et inii- nita liObilitas, qu^c cir^t ilUs bclluin i^essercit ; au sic iiuer eos divisa est respublica, u: A'lg'istus Hispanias, Galiias, Itali- am teneret ; Antonius Asiam, Pontum, Orien- tcm. Sed intra Italiam L. Antonius Consul bel- lum civile commoiit, fra- ter ejus qui cum Cacsare contra Brutum £c Cas- sium dimicaverat : is a- and began now to seize the go- vernment by force of ar7ns. By these too the orator * Cicero was slain, and many other noblc' men, 3. In the mean time Brutus ajid Cassius,the killers of Casar, raised a great war ; for there were several ar?nies in Mace^ doniOj and the East, which they seized. Wherefore Cae- sar Octavianus ^Augustus, and M. Antony marching against them, (for Lepidus staid be» hind to defend Italy J fought them at Philipfii, a city of Macedonia, In the first battle Antony and Ccesar were worst- ed : yet Cassius, the head of ihi! mobility, fell ; in the second Bruiu3, and an ivfnite num- ber of the nobility, which had carried on the war with them ; and the empire was so divided am-mgst them, that Augustus should have Spain, Gaul and Italy ; Antony, Asia, Pontus and the East, But in Italy, L. Antony the Consul raised a ci- vil war, the brother of him, who with Casar had fought a- i^ainst Brutus and Cassius, he was defeated and taKcn at Periisia, a city of Tuscia, but not slain. * For which the lives of the tiiree hutchers» if they had 3C0 a-picce, could not have made a sufficient atonement. ^ t Our author is a litUe too much in haste ; he had not the tit.e of Augustus till many years after this. .-^JA, 508 EUTROPII pud Perusiam Tuscix civitatem victiis & capius est, neque occius. 4. Interim a Sexto Pompeio, Cnici Pompeii Magni filio, ingens bellum in Sicilia commotum est, his qui superfuerant ex partibus Bruii Cassiique ad eum confluentibus. Bellalum per Cxsarem Auguslum Octavianum, fc M. Antonium, adver- sus Sextum Pompcium : pax p'jstremo convenit. 5. Eo tempore M. Agrippa in Aquitania rem prospere gessil, 8c L. Ventidius Bassus irrum- pentes in Syriam Persas tribus prxliis vicit. Paco- rum regis Orodis filium interfecit, eo ipso die quo dim Orodes Persarum rex, per ducem Surenam, Crassum occiderat. Hie primus de Parthis justis- simum triumphum Ro- inx egit. 4. Interim Pompeius pacem rupit : Sc navali praclio victus, fugiens ad Asiam, interfectus est. Antonius, qui Asiam et Orientem tenebat, re- pudiata sorore Cacsaris Augusti Octaviani, Cle- opatram reginam ^gypti duxit uxorem. Contra Cersas ipse etiam pug- navit ; primis eos prxliis vicit ; regredi(Mis tamen 4. In the mean time a great •tvar nvas raised in Sicily by Sex- tus Pom/ieius^ son of Cnxus Pompey the Great ; those that were left of the party of Bru* tus and Cass ius flocking in to him. The war was managed by C>imus, in amicus fidis- ^imus; quos tantis evexit honoribus,u! pene xqua- ret fustigio suo. ^. Nullo tempore ante res Romana magis flo- ruit ; nam excepiis civi- libus bellis, in quibus in- yicuis fuit, Romano ad- jecit imperio iE^yptum, Cantabriam, Dalmatiam saepe ante victam, sed penitus tunc subacam ; Pannoniam, Aquitaniam, Illyricum, Rhaeiam, V^indelicos et Salassos in Alpibus, omncs Ponti of it were 56 years, Ht died in his\ ^^T.h year a natural dtaih^ in Mtella^ a ioivn in Cam/iania, Ih lit s bur ltd in the Camfius Alar tins at Rome ; a man ivho net without reason vjas thought in a great measure like a \God ; Jar hardly was there any ?uan more succesaful than he in his wars, or more moderate in peace. He lived iviih great moderation, the 44 ycarfi in which he held the e?n~ /lire alone ; very liberal to all, and very faithful to his friends, whom he ruined to so great honours^ that he almost ecjualled them to his own height of dig- nity. 9. *The Roman state flourished at no time before him more ; Jor befsidcs the ci- vil wars, in which he was in- vincible, he added to the Ro- man empire Egypt, CanUibria, Dalmatian which had been often conquered before, but then was thoroughly subdued ; Fannonia, jlr/uitaine, Illyri- cum, Rhatiay the Vindelici and Salassi in the Jlps, aUtke maritime cities of Rout us : a- f Itslioiild be thc76th. .i: He was more like a devil than aught else in the piosci iptioii, ae- coruin- to the account Suetonius -ives of him tjowever he lived to repent ot that, and so much mended his manners, that he uanted iiothn.a: bur a ri-ht to the power he possessed, to gixe him a title to tht; ohaiarier ota line prince. * Tlie only proper trial of that u'ould have heen to have had another Ajiiiiha in the bowels of Italy, with 100,000 men at hi^ heels. It is no hard matter, I think, to guess what would then have become of ♦ rea: and his slas e«, for ihv Uomans weie n^y/ uo better LIBER VII. Ill maritimas civitatcs : in his nobilissimas, Bospo- rum et Fanticapicon. Vicit autem prxliis Da- cos, Germanorum in- gentes copias cecidit ; ipse quoque trans Albim fluviiim submovit, qui in Barbarico longe ultra Riienum est ; hoc tamen be Hum per Urusum privignum suum admi- nistravit ; sicut per pri- vignum Tiberium alte- rum Pannonicum, quo bello ccc. millia captivo- rum exGermaniatranstu- lit, et super ripam Rheni in Gallia collocavit. Ar- meniam a Parthis rece- pit : obsides, quod nulii antea Persx ei dederunt : rcddiderunt eliam sitj^na Romana, qiux Crasso vic- lo ademerant. 10. Scylhrc et Indi, quibus antea Romanorum nomen incogniium fue- rat, mui.era et legatos ad eum miserunt. Galatia quoq ; sub hoc provincia facta est, cum antea reg- num fuisset ; primusque earn M. Lollius pro Prcc- tore administravit. Tan- to autem amore etiam- pud barbaros fuit, ut re- ges Populi Romani ami- ?7wng those the tnost famous ones of \ Bosporus and Ranti. caption. He overthrew too in several battles, the Dacians^ and cut off huge ar?nies of the Germans, he drove than too beyoJid the river Elbe, whic/t is in the Barbariaii's country, a great way beyond the Rhine ; yet he managed this war by his \stepson Drusus, as the c~ ther in Ramionia by his other stepson Tiberius, in which war he removed 300,000 prisonerfi out of GermaTiy, and settled them upon the bank of the Rhine in GauL He recovered Armenia J rom the Parthians ; the Persians gave him hosta- ges, which they had never done to any before ; they like- wise returned the Roman standards which they had taken from Crassus, when he was conquered, 10. 'I'hc Scythians and In- dians, to whom the name of the Romans had been unknovjn before, sent presents and a^n- bassadors to him. Guluti tco under him uhis made a prcm viuce^ whereas it had been a kingdom before ; and first of all AL Lollius governed it in quality of Proprator, He was in so much respect among the Barbarians, that Kings, al- lies of the Roman people^ I Cities of the Tauric Chersone«;o, nigh the Cimmerian Bosporus. ^ Drusus and Tiberi\« were sons of his wife Li\ ia by a former hus- fcand- l\2 EUTROPII ci, in honorem ejus con- built cities in honour of him, dideriint civitates, quas liyhich they called C he had done them, deputed some gentlemen to him witk a tender ot the temple and divine honors they had decreed for him. Lpon uhicn he asked them if they could make gods in their country. 1 he de|.u- ties answering yes, he desired them to make themselves so in the Ur^t place, and then he should believe they might do as mnch for him. t He married his daughter Julia, a notorious strumpet, LIBER VII. ii:; vitatem appellari suo no- mine jussiti quae nunc Cxsarea dicitur, cum Mazaca antea vocaretur. Hie tertio 8c vigesimo imperii, anno aciatis Ixxxiii. ingenti omnium gaudio mortuus est in Campania. \'2. Successit ei Caius Casar, cognomento Cali- gula, Drusi privigni Au- gusti, Sc ipsius Tiberii nepos : sceleratissimus, ac funestissimus, & qui etiam Fiberii dcdecora purgaverit. Bellum con- tra Germanos suscepit : 8c ingressus Sueviam, nihil strenue fecit. Stu- pra sororibus intuht, ex Vina etiam natam filiam cognovit. Cum adver- sum cunctos ingenti a- varitia, libidine, crudeli- tate sxviret, interfectus in palatio est, anno aelatis suae xxxix. imperii iii. mense x. dicque viii. 1 3. Post hunc Claudius f'lit patruus Caligulx, Drusi, qui apud Mogun- tiacum monumentum ha- bct iilius : cujus et Cali- led by his own name, which is even know called Copsaria, whereas it was called Mazaca before, Ife died to the great joy of all people in Campania^ in the 2od year of his reign^ and *S2d of his age. 12. Caius Casar, by siir-^ name Caligula, phc grandson of Drusus, the stepson of Au^ gustus, and grandnephew of Tiberius himself, succeeded him ; e most wicked and ?nost pernicious firince, and who did by his greater abominations quite obliterate the scandalous crimes of Tiberius, He wi^ dcrtook a war against the Ger- mans, and entering Suevia, perfor?ncd nothing brave. He committed incest with his sis- ters, and owned a daughter* born of one of them* IVhilst he was exercising his fury upon all sorts of people, with huge avarice, lust and cruelty, hr. was slain in the palace, in the \'j9th year of his age, and in the $d year \Oth month, and 8th day of his reign, 13. After him was Claudius, uncle to Caligula, the so?i of that Drusus who has a monu* mcnt at JMoguntiacum, whose grandson too Caligula was^ Hs * Jle should have said 78. f Here must be something wanting, as Madam Dacier justly takes notice, or the word Ncpos used in a double sense, for a jiauds;yri au4 grr.ndncphen'. 1 It should be the 29th, as appears from Suctguius, K 3 114 EUTROPII gula nepos erat. Hicme- die imperavit, multa ge- rens tranquille atque mo- derate, qusdam crudeli- ter atque insulse. Britan- nia intulit bellum, quam nullus Romanorum post Julium Cacsarem attige- rat; eaque devicta per Cnxum SenHum 8c Au- lum Plauiium, illustrcs 8c iiobiles viros, triumphum celebrem egit. Quasdam. insulas etiam ultra Bri- tanniam in oceano posi- las, Romano imperio ad- didit ; qu« appellantur Orcades: iilioquesuoBri- lannici nomen imposuit. Tarn civilis autem circa quosdam amicos exstitit, ut etiam Plautium, nobi- lem virum, qui in expe- ditione Britannica multa ac egregia ftcerat, tri- umphantem ipse pcose- (juerelur, 8c conscen- denti capitolium laevus in- cederet. Is vixit annos ixiv. imperavit xiv. post mortem consecratus est, Divusqueappel lalus. 14. Successit huic Ne- ro, Caligulx avunculo suo simillimus: qui imperi- umRomanum 8c deforma- vit Sc diminuit : inusitatx luxuriae sumptuumque, reigned itidifftrently^ * doing many things mildly and mode- rately^ but some things cruelly and foolishly. He made war ufion Britain^ which no one of the Romans after Julius Ca- sar, had meddled with ; and conquering it by Cneeus Se72tius and Aulus Plautius^ illustrious and noble gentlemen^he had a fa- mous triumph. He added likewise some islands lying in the ocean beyond Britain to the Roman em/iire^ which are cal- led Orcades ; and gave the name oj Britanniciis to his son. He was so very condescending too to some of his friends^ that he himself attended upon PlautiuSy a nobleman^ who had perform- ed many and excellent things in the British exfiedition^ in his triumph^ and walk- ed iifion his left handy as he mounted the cajitoL He lived 64 yearsy and reigned 14, ^was consecrated after his deathy and called a God, 1 4. A'ero succeeded him, very like his uncle Caligula, who both dishonoured and les- sened the Roman empire; a man of unusual luxury and ex- pense, as who, according to the * He properly did nothing himself, honest man^ being led by the nose entirely by his wives and freed men. f Which consecration or canonization was r ery comically turned into ridicule by Seaeca the philosopher, LIBER VII. 115 utqui exemplo Caii Cali- gulcc, calidis 8c fi igidis iieronis, quae humiliier sepultac fuerant, honora- ret, a Vespasian! ducibus occisus est, interleclo pnus Sabino Vespasiani Imperatoris fratre, quern cum Capitolio incendit. A/.9 accoufir. He died a volun- tary dtat/i, in the .,8i/i yruv of /lis age, and the 9oih ^duy cf his reign» 18. The7i VireUiua got the J^mpire, of an hrjiiour'ble, ra^ Ihtr than a noble familn ; for his fu'hrr, though not nobly dfsce?idcd, yet hud bore three ordi?iQru Consulshi/is. He rcign^ ed with great scandal, andw^s remarkable for grievous cruel' ty^ but es/icciaily gluttony and gormandizing ; fr he is mid to have frequently eaten four or five times a day. However, a very remarkable sufi/ier of his has been It-ft ufion record, ivhich his brother Vitellius gave him: in which, besides ether expenses, there are said to 1 . ^^^^ bave been served u/i ^„yj^ Mh and 7000 fowls, Beina- desirous to be like M-ro, and Jnaking open shenu of it to that degree, that he honoured *the relics of .Kero, which had been meanly buried; he was slain ^y Vespasian's generals, Sabi. nus the brother of Ves/iasian the Emperor haiing been first killed by him, whom he burnt with the Capitol. He was slain, and dragged with great igno. ininy publicly through the city ^:^j;z-;:.^ ::'^--r!e r^'- -;-^ «- -- - LIBER VII. 119 Interfectus aulem, et cum magno dedecore Ira- ctus per urbem Romam publice, nudus. erecta coma et capite, subjecto ad mentum gladio, sier- core in vulium et pectus ab omnibus obf iis appeti- ^us: postremo jngulatus, ct in Tiberim dejeclus, etiam communi caruit sepultura. Periit autem ffitaiis anno septimo et quinqu'gesimo, imperii mense viii. et die uno. 19. Vespasianus huic successit, factus apud Pa- iKbtinam Imperator; princeps obscure quidem natus, sed optimis com- parandus, privata vita illustris ; ul qui a Claudio in Germaniam, deinde in Britanniam misbus, tri- cies et bis cum hoste conflixerit ; du is vuh'dis- simasgentes, xx. oppida, insulam V^ectam IJritan- ii'sc proximam Imperio Romano adjecerit. Ro- rriai se in Imperio mode- latisbime gessit : pecu- niae tanien avidior f.iit, Jta ut eatii nulh injuste au ferret, quarn cum om- ^i ddigenti» provisione colligertt, tamen studio- sissime largiebalur, pras- liome, naked, with his hair and head upright, with a sword fiut under his chin, bespattered with dung, thrown in his face and breast, by all that met him : finally having his throat cut, and being thrown into the Tiber he "wanted even conunon bu. rial. He was taken off in the S7th year of his age, in fS/A month and first daj over of his reign. 1 9. Vespasian succeeded him, bei?ig made Emperor in Pales^ tine; a Prince obsurely de- scended indeed, but to be com~ pared to the best, illustrious in his private life ; as who having been sent by Claudius into Ger^ many, and fro?n thence into Britain, engaged two and thir- ty times with the enemy, and added two very potent nations 20 towns and the Isle of IVight] near Britain, to the Roman Empire. He behaved himself very moderately in his govern, mcnt at Rome ; yet he was too greedy of money, but so that he took it from nobody iinjustlu ; which though he scraped toge- ther with all diligent forecast, yet he bestowed it about him very liberally, esptcidly to those that were in want ; nor f (^H.r'm,;r T^'""'''^ ^ '^"■'^''"' *^''»? ^'^'^^ ^i^e heathen. ftaLtiiSifeiteM ifHitiririirift- nHnrriWi^ .r.fca.3^af^ 120 EUTROPII cipue IncHgentibus ; nee facile ante eum cujus- qiiam principis vel major est liberalitcis comperta, vel justior: placidis-imae bonitatis, ut qui majes-a- tis quoque contia se re- os non facile punirct ul- tra exilii pcenam. Sub hoc Judara Romano ac- cessit Imperio, et Hiero- solyma, quae fuit urbs cla- rissima Paiae-»ii:ix. A- chaiam, Lyciam, Rho- dum, ByzatUium, Sa- mum, qiic libctx a;tie hoc lenriusfueiant, item, Tir'aciani, Ciliciam, Tiachcam, Comageiem, qux sub rci^ibus aaiicis in proviuciarum foi*- mam redejjit. 20. Ort'enNarum et Iiii- micitiarum iumiemor f j- it, convicia a causidicis et phiiosopliis in se dicta, lenitcr tulit ; delit^ens tamen c.oercitor disrip. linac militaiis. Hie cum Ti'.ofiliode Hierosolymis triumphavit. Per hxc cuii) Seuatui et pop- lo, posircmo cuiiciis amabi- lis ac jucundus essei, pro- fluvio ventns extinctus est in villa propria, circa Sabinos, annum setatis a- gensl.\ix. imperii nonum, et diem sep'.im\im atque * Juf^ltia Ijati been added low^ pears tVotu tiio Xe.v I'cstaiut;ot f He lived, as otUors say, by was the generosity of any Prince before him ever found to be either greater^ or more reasonable ; a man of the mos!: charming goodness^ as ivho did not easily /iu7nsh any^ though guilty uj treason too againsi him, beyond the fiain cf banish- ment. Under him* Judea ivas added to the Roman Umpire j; and Jerusalem, which was a very fumuns city of Palestine. He reduced into the form of provijict-i Ichaia, Lycia, Rho. dert^ /^i/zan'ium^ Samos. ivhich had be^n free btforc this time ; like wist Thrace, Cilicia. Tha- chfi. Cumagtne, ivhich luere under Kings, allies of the Ro- mans. 20 He was not apt to re- member offenccfi or quarrels, and tojk fiatietvly the ill lan- guage uttered against him '»/ the lawi/ers and pinlosofhers ; yet a •iiligent exactor- cf mili- tanf dict/ilme. He -ultli hifi son Thus triumijhed : uer J( ru- salcm, After he \aos become by th-'fie thingft dear and agreeable both to the Senntr and ficople^ and at last to ail ;nei^. ; hf" di- ed of a looseness^ in iii'S own cminfry seat., in //.-.^ country cf the Sabines, going ufim the \69th year of his «'•/', the 9th. year and 7 th day of his rt'tgn^ before to the Uoman Em})iie, us aj> tselt. years, 7 months and 7 days. LIBER Vir. inter divos relatus est.Ge- nituram filiorum ita cog- nitam habuit,ut cum mul- tsc contra eum conjura- tiones fierent, quas pate- factas mgenti dissimula- tione contempsit, in Se- natu dixerit, aut lilios si- bi successuros, aut ne- minem. 21. Huic Titus filius successit, qui et ipse Vespasianus est dictus : vir omnium virtutum ge- nera mirabilis: adeo ut amor et delicix humani generis diceretur: facun- dissimus, bellicosissi- mus, mdderatissimus : causas Latine egit, poe- mata et tragoedios Graece composuit. In oppug- naiione Hierosolymorum sub patre militans, xii. propugnatores xii. sagit- tarum iclibus confixit. Rumx tani» civilira.iis in imperio fuit, ut nullum onmino puniret; convic- tos adversum sese conju- rationis ita dimi^erit, ut in eadem familiaritate, qua antea, habuerit. Fa- cilitatis tanire fuit et libe- ralitatis, ut nuUi quid- quam negaret : et cum ab amicis reprehendere- and was placed amoug ihe God.^, He had the nativity of his sens so well understood, that cifcr many con^^fiiracies were formed against him, which when die,- covered he slighted with the ut- most disregard, *he said in the Senate, that either his sona would succeed him, or nobody, 2 1 . ///5 son Titua succeeded him, who himself too was cal- led Vespasian ; a man admirC' blefor \all sorts of good qua- lities, 80 that he was called the darlingand delight cf mankind ; very eloquent, very warlike and very moderate : He plead- ed causes in Latin, composed poems and tragedies in Greek. When he served under his fa- ther in the siege of Jerusalem, he killed 12 defenders nf the place with the stroke of 12 ar- loivs. He was a man of so much moderation in his govern' ment at Rome, that he punished nobody at all, and released such as were convicted of conspi- ring against him, so that he kept them in the same Jumili- arity as before. He was a Prince of so much easiness and generosity, that he denied no man any thing ; and wheji he was blamed for it by his friends, he rejilied, that no * This saying of his, it is likely, uas not so much grounded upon his pretended «kill in astrology, as a sense lie had that his i)rudent and moderate administration hud sennvd to his sons au interest in the Laij)ire above all danger from any competition. f J should rather rhoose to read in the original o?7jni than cmnium. }22 EUTROPII tur, respondlt : nullum tristem citbere ab Impe- ratore discedere. Prop- terea cum quadam die in ccena recordatus fuibset, nihil se illo die cuiquam prsstitisse, dixit: O a- mici, hodie diem perdi- di. Hie Romac amphi- Iheatrum acdificavit, ct quinquc millia ferarum in dedicatione ejus occi- dit. 22. Per hzDc inusilalo fdvore dilectus moibo pe- riit, in ea qua paler villa, post biennium,nienses oc- to, dies XX. quam Impe- rator erat factus, sctaiis anno altero et xl. Tan- tub luctus CO mortuo pub- licus fuit, ut omnes tan- quam in propria doluc- rint orbitate. Senatus, obitu ipsius circa vespe- ram nuniiatioynocle irru- pit in Curiam ; ct tanlas ei mortuo gratias laudes- que concessit, quanta» nee viro unquam ei^erat, nee prescnti. Inter Di- vos relatus est. man ought to go sorrowful from an Emperor. Wherefore^ ichen he had rtcolltcttd one day at sup/ier^ that he had done no. thing for any one that day, he said, O friends^ to-day I have lost a day. He built an amphi- theatre at Romt^ and Ucw 5000 wild beasts in *the dedi- caiioji of it. 23. Domitianus mox accepit imperium, fra»er ipsius junior, Neroni aut Caligul» aut Tiberio 22. For these things being beloved with an unusual fond- ness^ he died qf a distemper^ in that country house in which hik father died, two yearsy eight montlu and 20 days after he had been made Mrnperor, in the 4 1 St year of his age. There was so great a public mourn- ing for him, after he was dead, that all people lamented as in their own proper loss of rela- tions. The Senate, when the news of his death was brought about evening, rushed in the night into the Senate house, and bestowed upon him, x\o\f dead, such thanks and enco- miums as they had never given him alrae nor present. He was enrolled amongst the gcds, 23. Immediately Domitian took the government upon him, his younger brother, more like to JS/ero or Caliguli, or Tibe- * The first solemn application of an amphitheatre, or such liVe iX^L!;," "^^' tl>e"«e,t was designed for, was called »a t»tm ■ *W»W »1 .JW-r^ LIBER V!I. 123 hlmilior, quam patri vtl frairi suo, primis tamen annis moderatus in im- perio fuit : mox ad in- gentia vilia progressus hbidiuis, iracundix, cru- dclitaiis, avariiije, tantum in sj odium concnavit, ut merita pairis et fralris aboleiet. Inierfecil nobi- lissimos ex Senatu, Dom- inum se et Dcuai primus appellari jussit: nullam Bibi nisi auream et ar- genieam statuam in Cap- itolio poni pa sus est ; coiisobriiius suos inter- fecit ; supeibia quoque in eo execrabjlis fuit. 24. txptditiones qua- luor habuit, unam adi^cr- sus Sarmaias, alteram ad- Yeisus Cattos duos ad- versum Ducus. De Dacis Catiisque d ipliccm qui- dem uiumpluini egii; de Sarmaiis solvm laurcani usurpavit. Multas qui- dem calamiiaies iiadcm beliis pab-.us est : nam in Sarmatia lirgione^ ejus cimi ducc in.cifeclac ; et a Uacis A[)pius Sabinus Coiisularis, et Cornelius Euscus Piaefectus Prxto- rio, cum magnis exerci- tibus occiii sunt. Romae J * Others say six. f A people of Germany. X ihc Daci were a people •ppusite to Mce^ia, on the soutk rius, than hisjather or brother ; he was, however, in his frst years moderate in bis govern- ment ; but soon tfter procecd- V'-g '0 great excesses oj lusty rage, cruelty and avarice, he raised so great a hatred against himself, that he quite nvipcd 0^ the merits of his father and brother. He put to death the noblest of the Senate, He frst ordered himself to be called Lord and Gody suffered no sta^ tue to be set for himsef in the Capitol, but (f gold and silver^ and slew his cousins ; his pride too was abominable in him. 24. He undertook* four ex- peditions, one against the Sar- mutians, another against ithe Catti, and two against the \Dacians, He had a double triumph for the Daci arid Catti; but took the laurel onLij fr his conquest of the Sarmaticns, He suffered several lossa in the same wars ; for in Sarma- tia, his Ir^iuus with their Gen- eral, were cut off ; and Appi^ us Sabinus, a Consular gentle- man, and Cornelius J^uscus, Captain of the guards, were sluin with great armies by the Dacians. He erected many public buildings too at Rome ; on the north side of the Danube, side. i'24 EUTROPII cuoquemulta opera fecit, in his Capitolium et Fo- . i'uni Transitorium, Ode- uni, Pjiticiis, Isium ac Serapium, et Stadium. Verum cum ob scclera u- niversis exosus esse cce- pisset, interfectus est su- orum conjuratione in pa- latio annosciatis x!v. im- perii xv. Funus ejus cum iHi^enti dedecore per ves- pjUiones exportatum, et ignobiliter est sepulium. amongst these the Capitol, and the Forum Trarisitorium, a Music house. Piazzas, the temples of Isis and Sera/iis and a Vadium. But after he begun to be odious to all [eople for hi.^ villainies, he was slain by a consfiiracy of his own domestics in the 45th year of his age, and \5t/i of his reign. Bis corpse was carried out with great ignG?m?iy by the common bearers, and meanly buried. ^ifipsRSfr EUTROPII BREVIARIUM HISTORIC ROMANCE. ,^:®' LIBER Vni. Anno octingemesimo et quinquagesimo ab ur- be condiia, Vetere & Va- lente Consulibus, respub- lica ad prosperrimum sta- tum rediit, bonis princi- pibus ingenti felicitate commissa. Domitiano enim exitiali tyranno Nerva successit ; vir in privata vita moderatus et strenuus; nobilitatis me- dise, qui senex admodum, operam dantePelronioSe- cundo, Prxfecto Prxtorio, item Parthenio interfcc- tore Domitiani, Impera- tor factus, jcquissimum se Sc civilissimum prxbu- it.Reipublicsc divina provi- sione consuluit,Trajanum adoptando. Mortuus est Romx, post annum et I ^N the year *Q 50 from the building of the city, Vetusand Valens being Consuls, the Kin-- pire returned to a most flourish- inp condition, being committed to good Princes, with great good fortune to the public For Kerva succeeded that per- nicious tyrant Domitian; a man moderate and active m his private life, of indifferent quality, ivHq was made Fmpe- ror when very old, Petronius Secundus, commander of the guards, and Parthenius too "the assassinator of Domtttan, giving him their assistance, and behaved very justly and moderately. He provided for the government by a divtne foresight, in adopting Trajan. He died at Rome, after a reign of a year^ 4 mmihs and * This was the year of Rome 804, of Christ 96. L3 ^.IMil^JS^ iUaf'^^diBiSsiisastta' . 126 quatuor menses imperii sui ac dies octo, xtatis fxx. &atcroanno: atque inter Divos rdaius est. 2. Successit ei Ulpius Trajanus Crinitus, natus italic» in Hispania, fa- "Jiiia anliqua ma?is qudm Clara ; nam pafer cjusprimumConsuJfnit. Imperator autem apud ^gnppinam civitatem in Callus factus est. Rem- publicam ita administra- vit, ut omnibus principi- bus merito pr^feratur. inusitata: civilitatis & for- litiidinisfuit.Romanilm- pern, quod post Augus- tum defensum magis fu- «rat quam nobiliter am- plialum, fines longe Jaie- que diffudit; urbes trans Khenum in Ger mania reparavit: Daciam Deci- balo victo subegit, pro- vincia trans Danubium lacta, m his agris quos nunc Taiphali habenT, & Victophali & Theivingi £a proviiicia decies cen- tena millia in circuitu tenet. 3. Armeniam, quam occupaverant Parthi, le- cepit, Pharnace Syro oc- aso, qui eam tcnebat. A]banis regem dedit. Jberorum regem & Sauro- ^natarum, 8c Bosporan- EUTROPII Sdaya, m the *7Ut year of fits age; and was enrolled a- mo7ig,c the Divi, or Demi- gods. 2. Ulfiius Trajanm Crinitua succeeded him, born at Jtalica tH S/iam, oj ancient rather than an illustrious family ; f^r hiH father was Consul the first of all the race. He was made ^^mfieror at jigri/i/una, a city in Gaul. He so managed the government, that he is deser vtdly preferred be/ore all the other Emfierors, He was a person of unusual moderation and bravery. He extended Jar and wide the boundaries of the Roman limfiire, which had been dejended rather after Au^ gustus, than nobly enlarged. He received some cities beyond the Rhine in Germany. He subdued Ducia by comjuerin. Decibalus, making a province beyond ihe Danube, in that territory which now the Tai^ fihali have, and the FictoJi/ialL and the Thervmgi. Thai province has J 000 miles in circuit» LIBER VIII. \^7 * The 6f.th others wy, ^.He recovered Armenia, which the Parthians had seil zed, killing Fharnaces the Sy. rmn, who had it in possession. He gave a King to the Albans. He received the King of the Iberians end Sauromatiantt, ©rum & Arabum, & Os- andoj the Bosfihorans and Ara- droenoium,Sc Colchorum bians, and of the Osdroenij in fidem accepit. Adiabe- and of the Colchians to quarter* nos, & Marcomedes oc- He reduced too the *Adiabtni^ cupavit ; & An^hemisium and ^Marcomedi, He con^ maguam P«rrsidis region- gut-red too Anthemifiium, a em, Selcuciam & Ctesi- great country of Persia, \Se» phontem, Rabylonem & leucia and ^Ctesi/ihon, Baby» tdesbios vicii, ac lenuit ton and the Edesfiiani, and usque ad 'ndiac fines, et carried all before him as far mjireRubrumacccssit: at- as the coasts of India and the queibitresprovincias fecit, Ned Sea; and there mado Armeniam, Assyriam, three provinces, Armenia, As* Mesopotamiam, cum his syria and Mesopotamia, with gentibus quae Macede- thofte nations that touch upon nam attingunt. Arabiam Macedena. He afterwards pogtea in provincia for- reduced Arabia into the form of mam redegit, in mari a/2rovince,andftredoutafeei Ru')ro classem instituit, u/ion the Red Sea, that he ut per eam Indiae fines might by ihat lay waste the vastarct. coasts of India. 4 Gloriam tamen mi- 4. Yet he outdid the military glory by his modesty and mode» ration, behaving himself as ufien a level with all other people at Rome and in the hiocns : amicos salutandi provinces, frequently attending giatia frcquentans, Tel upon his friends in the way of agrotantes, vel cum fes- visiting them, either when sick, tos dies habviissent, con- or when they had 2kT)y festival vivia cum iissdem iiidis- days, celebrating feasts with creta ricissim habens, them without distinction in his sxpc in vehlciilis eorum turn, oftentimes sitting in their fedens,nullumSenaiorum chariots with them, hurting laidens, nihil injustum ad none of the Se?2ators. and rfo- •\ugendum fiscum agcns. ing nothing inijust to fll his Liberalis in cunctus, pub- exchequer» Generous to even litarem civilitate et mo- deratione superavit, Ro- mx 8c per provincias a- qualem se omnibus ex- * A people of Assyria, beyond the river Tigris. f A peojile of Assyria, by sonie culled Mardoniedi, + A city lying on the river Tierris, wJiere it joins the Euphrates. ^ A city beyond the Tigris, over against J3abyk>n. jfi 128 EUTRONI LIBER VIII. 12f lice privalimque ditans omnes et honor ibus au- gens,quosvel mediocri fu- mili'u'itate cognovi-set : or! 5e m terrarum xdi ficans, m'iliasimmunitatescivita- tibus tiibuens, nihil non tranquillum et placidum agens : adeo ut omni ejus aetate unus tantum Sena- tor dainnatus sit ; at is ta- men perScnatum, ignor- ante Trajano. Ob hoc per orbem terrarum Deo proximus, nihil non ve- nerationis meruit & vi- vus et mortuus. 5. Inter alia dicta hoc illius fertur egregium, amicis enim culpantibus, quod nimis circa omnes comes esset, respondit ; talem se Imperatorem esse privatis, quales esse sibi Imperaiores prira- tus optasset. Post ingen- tcm igitur gloriam bel- li domiq; quxsitam e Perside rediens, apud Se- leuciam Isaurisc profluvio veniris extinctus est. Obiit autem xtatis anno Ixii. mense nono & die quarto: imperii anno xix. mense vi. die xv. Inter Divos relatus est, l||^sque omnium intra bodij^ fiublicly and firivately enriching alU and raising them by great places^ whom he ivas acquainted with but by a slight familiariiy : building towns up and down the world; granting many immunities to several cities^ and firactisitig every thing that was easy and gentle: so that in all his time but one Senator was condemned^ and he too by the Senate^ Trajan being ignorant of the matter. 7^or this being ac- counted throughout the world as next to a God^ he deserved- ly had all manner of venera- tion both alive and dead* 5. Amongst other sayings of hiSf this excellent one is re- lated of him ; for his friends blaming him because he was over courteous to all fieople^ he replied^ that he was such an Emperor to his subjects as he had wishedy when a subject y the Emperors should be to him, Wherejore after the greatest glory got in war^ and at homey as he was returning from Persia^ he died of a loose*- nessy at Seleucia, a city of Isanria, He died in the *62d yeary ^Jth month, and 4,th day of his agcy and in the I9th year, Sth month, and \5th day of his reign. He was en- rolled amongst the Divij and urbem sepuUus. Ossa ejus collata in urna au- rea, in Foro quod sdifica- vit sub columna sita sunt, cujus altitudo cxliv. pe- des habet. Hujus tan- tum memorix delatum est, ut usque ad nostram aciatem, iion ali'er in Se- natu principibus accla- melur, nisi felicior Au- guslo, mehor Trajano. Adeo in eo gloria bonita- tib obiinuit, uL vel assen- tantibus,vel vere lu'idan- tibus, occasionem raagni- ficentissimi prxstet cx- cmplif 6. Defuncto Trajano, ^lius Adrianus crealus est princeps ; sine aliqua quidem voluniate Traja- ni, sed operam dante Piolina Trajani uxore : nam eum Trajanus, quamquam consobrins fi- lium, vivens noluerat a- doptare. Natus et ipse Italicae in Hispania, qui Trajani gloriac invidens, statim provincias tres re- liquit, quas Trajanus ad- •ahne of all the Emperors was buried within the city» His bones being put up in a golden urn lie in the Forum which he built under a pi liar j whose height has \4Afect. So much respect was paid to his memory, that even to our age^ ■\they cry out in the way of acclamation to the Emperors in the Senate, no otherwise than thus more fortunate than Jugustu-s\ better than Trajan, SomuchdiclthefayjK cfhisgjod- ?iess prevail^ that it yields the advantage of a most noble ex- ample, either to those .'hat fat- ter^ Or those thai siticii'tty ccm^ mend, 6. Afier Trajan was dead, jEhus Jdrianus was made Em- peror, w.fhonr. any iiittnfion ij.dird of Trajan* s.bv.t through the nu-ans oj ri-^Uf'U, ira- jnn's^ lady y giving her assistance for il ; for Trajan, wliil t li- ving would r.ot adopt him^ though hi^i cousin* -i son. He too was born at Italic a, in Spain, who envying the gUry ef Trajan, immtdiat'Iy quitted three provinces, which Trajan had added to the Empire ; and *Thc63dItsliouldbc. * Others had been interred in the city as well as Trajan, though that was contrary to a law of the twe.ve tables ; then; bury, ng places amongst the anc.eats were generally w.thout then- cit.es j a derent cleanly, whelesoiue custom, which ,t .s a pity Christians cannot se« fit lo imitate them in. ^ i- „ «. *i «•.. t It w .s now become a custom in the Senate to compliment heir Emperors oftentimes, in their absence t.^,, w.th -^^^^^'^'^^^^^^ ;icclamatio..s in a tumultuous n.anner i of which several inbtaacw tccur in the writers of the Aujjusian history. ■ •^i^PgpfSSSp^: 130 EUTROPII diidcrat: 8c de Assyria, Mesopotamia, & Arme- nia rcvocavit exercitus ; ac finem imperii tsr^e vo- luit Kuphratem. Idem (le Dacia facere conatum amici (letcrruen.'nt ; ne niuiii cives Romani Bar- baris tradertniur ; prop, terea quod Trajan, ,s, vie- ja Dacia, ex toto oibe Romano infiniias eo co- p«as homiiium transtu- lerat, ad agros et uibes coJendas. Dacia enim diMturno bdlo Decibali viris ft.erat exhausta. 7 Pacem u\m^n omni tempore imperii sui ha- huh: semel tantum per praesidem dimicavit. Or- bcm Romauum circumi- vil, er mulia acdificuvit. racuudissimus Latino serm<;ne, Graco eruciiiis- simiis fuit. Non ma^- nani ckinentia! glori- am habuii : dilij^^entibsi- nius lamen circa xia- rium, tt militum discipji- «am. (/biit in Campa- nia, major sexa.q:enario, imperii anno xxi. niense x.diexxix. Senauis ei iri- buere nolwii divmo^ ho- nores; tamen cum suc- ces or ipsii.s liius Anre- iius Fulv JUS Antonms hoc vehementer exigerei, Sc universi Scnaiorts palam resisterent, tandem obii- Mult. ivithdreiv the armies from M- Syria, Mesopotamia and jirme- nia, and n^solved that the Eu- fihrutes should be the boundary of the Em/lire, His friends dtttrred him upon his attcm/it- trg to do the ^anie thing by Da- cia, lest many of the Roman denizens should be deliver td up to the Barbarians; because Trajan, after Dacia was con- quered, ^iadtran.sfilanltdanin^ fuite number of men thither^ Jrom all the Roman Empire, to people the country and the cities, -i' or Dacia had been exhausttd of men.by ihe long war ojDc ctbahis. 7. Yet he had peace through- out the ivhole tune of his reign j he only for once mauuged a ivar by a governor. of a province. He went round the Roman Em- ptre,and raised many buildings, ^le uHis very eloquent in the Eatin tongue, and very learned tn the Greek; he had no great character Jor clemency; but 'Was very diligent as to the treasury, and the discipline of the soldiers. He died in Cam- pania^ above 60 years old, in the 2\kt year, 10//r mon h and 29th day over of his reign, ^he Senate was not willing to confer d vine homers upon him ; yet when his successor Titus Jiurelius Eulvius ^ntonius ve- hemently insisted upon it, and all the Senaiors openly oppo- sed ity at last he carried it. LIBER VIIL 13J S. Ergo Adriano suc- cessit r. Antonius Ful- vius Boionius, idem eli- am Pius nominatus ; ge- nere claro, sed non admo- dum vetere : vir insignis, et qui raerito Numae Pompiiio conferaiur; ita ut Romulo Trajanus s- quetur. Vixit ingenti honore privatum ; majori in Imperio ; nulli acer- bun, cunctis benignus in re militari moderata gloria: defendere magis provincias quam amplifi- care studcis ; viros jus- tissimos ad udminisiran- dam Rempv.blicani qMX- rens ; bom- honorem ha- bens, improbos sine ali- «jua acerbitate dctestans: regibus amicis venera- bilis non minus (juani terribilis, adeo ut Barba- roruni plurimx natio- nes, depositis armis ad eum contvoversias suas liiesque deferrent, sen- tentiisque ejus parerent. Hie ante imperium ditis- simus, opes quidein su- as stipendiis miliuim & circa amicos liberaliiali- bus minuit, verum acrari- um opulentum reliquit. Pius propter clementiam dictus est. Obiit apnd Lorium villam suam, milliaria ab urbe xii. vitx 8. Wherefore Titus Antoni- us FulviuH Boionius succeeded Adrian, the same who was tzcj- med Pius, oj a famous family^ but not very ancient ; a glorious mans and who deservedly may be compared with Auma J*om- pilins, so as Trajan may be e- quailed to Romtdus. He lived before he came to be Emperor in greac glory, but in gy-eater in his reign ; cruel to nobody, but kind f.o all ; of an hidijer- ent character for military mat- ters; endeavoring to defend the provinces rather than en- large th -ii~-'>!%4n k- ■ f ^^^:i*AwJiga:? J«wftaafcg&^a3feaarjh.aid to his owij memory, would almost tempt one to suspect tiiat b« «•«>!*, with all his good qualities, no better thaii a downright atlieist. M .•a- Aii*i^rt — •7nrttiiii**-*^~''-*-'-'''-'^-i«fe^a. jaBawa^ai i3i EUTROPII LIBER V!li. U5 sorem paraverit Adrian- us relinquerc, adoptato tamen AiUonino Pio geneium esse ei idcirco voluerit, ut hoc ordine ad imperium perveniret. 12. Institutus est ad philosophiam per Apol- lonium Chalcedoniuin» ad scicntiam Gisccarum lit- terarum per Sextum ChsE- ronenseni Plularchi ne- potem. Latinas autein lit- teras eiim Fronto orator nobilissimus docuit. Plic cum omnibus Romx x- quojureegit, ad nullam insoleniiam elalus im- perii fastu : libcralitatis promptissiinx; provincias ingcnli benignitate 8c modcratione tractuvit. Contra Germanos eo principe resfelicitergestx sunt. Bellum ipse unum ; sed quantum nulla mc- moria fuit, adtjo ut Puni- cis conferatur ; nam eo gravius est factum, quod universi exercitus per- ierant ; sub hoc enim tantus casus pestilenii» iuit, ut post victoriam Per- sicam Roniae, ac per Ita- liam provinciasque max- ima hominum pars, mi- lilum omnes fere copia langnorc defecerint. him his successor; hoiuever, adopting ^dntoniniis Pins, he had a mirid he should be smj- in. law to him^ that he might come in that order to the Empire, 12, He ivas traivcd tip to philo^ofihy by Jilipollonius the Chalccdoiiian ; to the knoiv- ledge of the Greek tongue by Sextus of Char on f a, the grandson of Plutarch ; but the most noble Orator Fronto taught hi?n the J.atin tongue. He behaved himself ivith all people at Rome as upon an c- qual footing ; he was elevated by the pride of dominion to no insolence: a person of ihc most frank generosity ; he treated the provinces ivith huge kindness and moderation. Mat- ters were successfully managed against the Germa7ifi imdcr this Prince, He himself car- ried on one war against them, the Marcomannick : but so great a o?ie, as ivas in ?io time before, so that it may be com- pared with the CartJiaginian ; Jor it was so much the more dangerous^ because all the ar- mies had been lost ; for uJidrr him there was so great a cala- mity of a pestilence^ that after the overthrow of the Peri>ians^ the greatest part rf mc7i at Pome throughout Italy and the provinces^ and almost all the forces were taken cff by this sickness. y I 13. Ingenti trgolabore S^ mr>dcratione, cum a- pud Carnunium jugi tri- ennio perseverasset, bel- lum Marcom-diuiicum IS. Jftcr he had therefore continued three whole years with great toil and patience at Carnuntimiy he made an end if the Marcomannick war, which confecit, quod cum his together with the?n, the Qua- Quadi, Vandali, Sarma- dians, Vandals, SarmatianSf I re, Suevi, atque omnis Sueva7is, and all the Barba- Barbaria commoverat : riansonihixt ^nX^ had raitied ; mulla hominum millia he slew many thousands of interfecit : ac Pannoniis men; and having delivered strvilio liberatis, Rom;c the Pannonians from slavery, rursus cum Commodo he triumphed again at Rome Antonino lilio suo, quern with his son Commodus Jntoni- jamCffisarem fccerat, tri- 7nis, whom he had already umphavit. Ad hujus belli made *Cc?sar, The treasury sumptum rcrario exhau- being exhausted for the support sto,cumlargitionesnuilas of this war, having no money haberet, U'jq ; indiccre to give his soldiers, and not be- provincialibiis aut Senului iug willing to lay any thing of aliquid vellet, instrumcn- tax upon the provincials or thtt turn regii cultus, f.icta in iicnate.he sold off his own impe- Foro bivi Trajani sect- rial fumUure, byaretailmude ione, dislraxit ; vasa au- thereof in (he Porum of Divus rea, pocula crystalliiia Sc Trajunus, i. e. /i/v gold plate, murrina, uxoi'iam ac su- his cups of chryi^tul and porce- am sericam, ac aurcam laiti, his lady's and h:s own vestem, multa ornaracnta silk clo/hcs, and crnbriiderid gemmarum: ac per duos with gohU besides ?//««?/ or;ia- conlinuos menses vendi- vu-nts (fjrw.d^ ; and (he sal:: tio habita est mull umqi'c was continued Jor two whole auri redaclum. Post vie- months togdhevy and much rno- toriam lamcn emptoribas ney made of them, YeJ after pretia resiiluit, qui red- the conijv.est of the Maico- (!iut now that of C:isar was appio- prialed to the pors?» ulijjn the Kiunoror (lesigiied and noDiinated fur eh 'sucociKoi'. 136 EUTIiOPlI 1 4. Hie permisit viris clarioribus, ut convivia eodem culto quo ipse, et niinistris simiUbtis ex- hiberent. In edilione muiierum post vicloriam iicleo magnificu^ fuit, ut centum simul leones ex- hibiiisse tradatur. Cum igitur forlutiatam rem- publicam 5c virtute 8c mansuelucJine recldidis- set, obiit xviii. imperii anno, vitxJxi. & omnibus certatim adnitentibus, in- ter Divos relalus est. '5. Hujus successor L. Antoninus Commodus, njbil paternum habuit, nisi quod contra German- OS fcliciter & ipse pug. navit. Septembrem men- sem ad nomen suum transfcrre conatus est, ut Commodus diceretur : sed luxuria Sc obsccenitatc depravatus, gladiatoris armis sscpissimc in ludo deincepg ctiam in ampni- iheatro cum huju^modi hominibus sspe dimica- viu Obiit morte subita, adeo ut stranguiaiub, vel veneno interfectus puta- nobody^ who chose rather to keeji nvhat they had once bought, 14. He gave leave Iq the great men to make entertain^ ments with the same furniture and the like servants as him- self. In the exhibiting of games after his victory over the Marcomanni, he was sq magnijicent, that he is said to have produced a hundred Uoub together» lifter therefore ht had rendered the Em/iire hap. py by his good management and gencleness^ he died in the *\^th year of his reign, and 6ist of his age, and all people eagerly contending for ii ; he wai rank^ edamo7igst the Gods, 1 5. Ilia successor L» ^nto- ninus Commodus had not/ting of his father, but that he like- wise fought successfully against the Germans. He endeavored to bring \the month of ii'ept em- ber to his own name, that it might be called Commodus ; but being corrupted by luxury and lewdness, he of en times fought with gladiator's arms in the fencing school, and at the last too in the amphitheatre with that sort of men. He died a sudden death, so that \he was thought either to be strangled, or disfiatched by poison, after he had reigned twelve years and * Others say 17. f The month of Au-ust h« should have said. ^ iU was Uist poisomxi; but for fear that should not take effect Ao vvai» smothered in his bedclothes. See Heroduvu * LIBER Vlir. 1 o< retur : cum annis xii. eight months from his father, ])ost palrem, Sc viii. men- with so much hatred of all sibus imperassetjlanta ex- people, that even after he was ecratione omnium, ut hos- dead, he was declared an cue- tis humani generis ctiam my oj mankind, morluus judicaretur. 16. Huic successit Per- 16. Pertiiiax, now very el, tinax grandacvus jam ; ut derly, succeeded him, as who qui septuagenariam atti- had reached his 70th year, gisset Ktatem, Pra^fectu- t/icn* bearing the office of Go- ram urbi tum agens, ex vernor of the city, being order- Senatus consulto impe- cd by a decree of the Senate to rare jussus Octogesimo reign. He was slain the SOth imperii die Pi-aetoriano- day of his reign, in a mutiny rum mililum sedifione, vf the I-'rjstorian soldiers, and Sc Juliaiii scelere occisus by the villainy cf Julian, est. 17. Post eum Salvius 17. ,4fter him Salvias Ju- Julianus renipublicam in- liunus seized the government ; vasit; vir uobilis, Sc juris a nobleman, and very well periiisbimus ; nepos Sal- skilled in the law ; grandson to vii Juliani, (jiii sub Divo Salvius Julian, who under Di- Adi'iano perptluum com- vesyJdrianus composedf theper- posuit edictum. Victus pet ual edict. He was defeated est aSevero apudMulvium by Scverus, near the Mulvian pontem, interfcctus in biidge, and slain in the palace, palalio : vixit mensi!)us He lived but seven months after iieptem, pnstquam coepe- he began to reigri, rat impe rare. 18. Uinc Imperii Ro- 18. Upon this Sept imius Se- mani adminisirationem verus took upon him the ad- Scptimius Severus acce- ministration of the Roman Em- pit, oriundus ex Africa, fiire ; a native of Africa, the piovincia Tripolitana, province of Trijiolis, and the * Under the Emperors Ihcro was, besides the Consuls, an officer of jrreaL po'.vtr, naaicd Pi\ef'c(tiis nrhn. t Jho I'raetors, in entering upon their office, pjiblislied apioclania- fion y«gM<^^ 138 EUTROPII LIBER Vlir. ICO nppido Lep'.i. Solus om- )ii m;rm*iria 8c ante 8c jostea ex Africa Imptra- l r full. llic primum i:-.ci advocalus, mox Diiluiuis Tiibumis, per niiilia (leindc Sc varia offi- cia alqoc honores usque ad adminislraUoncm toli- iis reipiiblicx pervenit. Pcriir.acem sc appellari voluit^ in honorem ejus Peilinacis, qui a Juliano fuerat occisus. Parens adinodum fuit, naiura sagvus. Belli multa & feliciter ijessit. Pescen- niiim Nigrum, qui in .Ei^yplo £c Syria rebella- verat, apiid Cyzicum in- terfecit. Pariljos vicit : Arabas eo usque supera- vit, ut ctiam provlnciam ibi fuccrel ; idrirco Par- thicus et Arabicus dicius est. iVIulia toto Romano orbe lepuravit. Siib eo etiani Clodius Albinus, qui in occidendo Peni- nacc socius fuerat Juli- ano, Cresartrm se in Gitl- lia ftcit: victusque apud Lugdununi est et inier- fecius. 19. Severn s autem prjctcr beJlicum gloriam, etiam civilibus studiis clarus fait, 8c iitteris doc- iown of Leptis, He ivas the only one from Jfricafor all 'he time both before and after ^ that was Einfieror, He was frst an advocate of the exchequer^ after that a military tribune, and then through several offices and posts of honour^ came to the government of the whole em/lire. He had a mind to be called Pertinax, in honour of that Pertinax, nvho had been slain by Julian, He was very frugal, and by nature cruel. He managed fna?iy wars, and successfully. He slew Pescen- nius ,\'iger, who had rebelled in Egy/it and Syria, at Cyzi- cus. He overthrew the Par- thians, and so subdued the A- rabians, that he made a pro- vince too there ; for which he was called Parthicus andyJrabi- cus. Ife repaired a great ma- ny buildings throughout the whole Romayi empire. Under him too Clodius Albinus, who had been an accomplice of Ju- lian in killing Pertinax, made himself *Emperor in Gaul, and was defeated at Ly- ons and slain. 19. J^ut Severus, besides his warlike glory, was Jamous Ukcwisefor the arts cf peace, and well instructed in litera- tus,pbilosophix scieniiam ad plenum adeplus. No- vissinuim bellum in Bri- tannia habuit : utque re- ceptas provincias omni securitate muniret, val- lum per xxxii. millia passu um a mari ad mare deduxit. Decessit Ebora- ci admodum senex, im- perii anno xviii. mense iv. et Divus appellalus est : nam filios suos suc- cessores reliquit, Bassia- num et Getam : sed Bai- siano Antonini nomen a Senatu voluit imponi ; ?laque dicius est M. Au- relius Antoninus Bassi- anus, patrique successor. Nam Geta hosiis piibli- cus judicatus, confesiim peri it. 20. Marcus igitur Au- relius Antoninus Bassi. anus, idomque Caracai- I.i, monim fere pa ler- norum fuit, paulo a>peri- or et minax. Opus Ro- ma? egregium fecit lava- cri, qu;c Antoninianx ap- pellantur, nihil prictcrea memorabile : impaliens libidinis, ut qui novercam suam Jiiliani uxorem duxerit. De functus in Osdroene apud Edessani, mulicns adversum Par- ture, having made himself master of fihilosopihy to perfec- tion. The last war he had was in Britain, and that he ?nighC secure the provinces he acguir- ed with all safety, he drew a line Jor 32 miles from sea to sea. He died at York very old, in the *\8th year and 4t/i month of his reign, and was called a god ; for he left his sons Bassianus and Geta his successors : \but he had a mind that the name of Antoninus should be given by the Senate to Baf^sianus only ; and ac- cordingly he was called A/. Au- relius Antoninus Bassia7ius, and was successor to his father, ^For Geta being declared a public enemy, was quickly dis- patched, 20. Wherefore M. Aurelius Anio7iinus Bassianus, and the same Caracalla loo, was a man pretty much of his fa- thef^s temper, bul a little more rugged and threatening. He mide an excellent work of a bath at Rom(\ vjhich is calleel Antoninus* hath, l)ut nothintr else remarkable, unable to go- vern his lust^ «? who married his stip mother Julia. He died in Osdroene at Kdcssa, as he was attempting an expedition aralnst the Parthians, in the ^- Our author n<^es the word C-rsar improperlv hero, fur that was now .ippropnated to the dcsi-ned heir of the Empire, as I have before taken liorire. % •'»'• He reigned only 17 yeai.^, T months nnvl 3 d.:ys. f 'i'licv b tij jiH(l tiie na'.r.e of Antoninns. -f. fief a w as nutdccljiicd a public enemy till after he was unudered i'y his brother. 4 ■■»'J^ ■«»■ l-V. twa'-JiMV-» iths and a year. They vj^re both together slain in a mutiny of the soldiers, 22. M. Aurelius Anton inns ivas made Km \^iivov after these ; he was thought to be the Son of Antoninus Caracalla ; how- ever, he Tjas pricfit of the tetn- file of *Heliogabalus, After he h'ld come to Rome, with mighty expectation, both of the soldiers and the Senate, he de- based himself ivitk all manner of abominations. He lived most lewdly and moat filthily, and was slain in a tumult cfthe Holdiers, two ^ years and tight months after, and together with hint his mother Scmia Syra. 23 Aurelius Alexander suc- cecdtd him, being declared Ca- fiar by the ar;;iy/and Augustus by the Senate, when very young ; and undertaking a vuir against the Persians, defeated * A stran-e MbAdEifeCAr ' %>h^S-^i^^ii:iiS'^^ 146 EUTROPIl et quietus : mox in om- nem lasciviamdissolutus, tenendse rcipublicie habe- nas probosa iijnavia et desperatione rclaxavit. Alamarnii vastatis Gal- liis in Italiam inuperunt. Dacia, tjnx a Trajano ultra Danubium fuerat adjccla, amissa est. Grsccia, Macedonia, Pon- tus, Asia vastalu: per Goihos. Pannonia a Sar- matis Quadisfjue popula- ta est. Germani usque ad Hispanias penetrave- 3unt, et civitatem nobi- lem Tarraconein expug- iiaveiunt. Partlii, Me- sopotamia occupata, Sy- riam sibi coeperunt vindi- care. 9 Turn jam desperatis rebus, et delete pene im- perio Romano, Posthu- mus in Gallia, obscu^issi- menatus,pu^pu^amsul«p- liit: et per annos decern ita imperavit, ut con- bumptas pene provincias ingenti virlute et modera- tione leparaverit: qui sediiione miiitum inter- fectus est, quod Mogun- tiacum qux adversiim cum rebcllaverat, Lolli- ano res novas moliente, diripiendum, militibus tradtre noiuisset. Post cum Marius, vilissimus opifex, purpuram accc- pit, et secundo die inter- in his government. Soon af- ter being given u/i to all man- ner of iasciviousness^ he slack' ened the rein» of governvieiit by a scandalous inactivity and want ef spirit. The ^ilamannt laying ivaatc Gaiil^ broke into /- taly, Dacia^ nvhich had been added {o the limpire by Tra- jan beyond the Danube, ivas lost, Greece, Macedonia, Pon- tua and jlsia roere laid vcaste by the Goths. Pannonia was ravaged by the ^'cirtnatians and the Quadiana. Tlit Germans penetrated as Jar as Sj.ain, and took the noble city of Jar- racon. The Parthinnts scizinrr Alesopotutniai began to claim Hyria to themselves. 9, JSLittcrs being non< despe- rate, and the Pom an Pmpire ".veil nigh ruined, Postliumus in Gaul, very meanly descend- ed, took upon him the scarlet, and reigned Jor te?i years so, that he recovered /he provinces, almost ruined, by his great co7uiuct and inoderatioii ; ivho Tjas slain in a mutiny of the soldiers, because he ivould ?iot deliver up to the soldiers to be plundercdy A/oguntiacuiu, ivhuh had rebelled againsr him, when Lollianus vjas en- dccvouring a change of gov em- rient, jiftcr him Marine, a sordid mechayiiCf took the scar- let upon him, and rjas slain the iccond day after. I'ictO' LIBER IX. U7 i I fectus est. Victorinus pobtca Gain arum accepit imperium, vir strenuissi- mus: sedcum nimix libi- dinis esset, 8c matrimo- nia aliena corrumperet, Agrippina; occisus est, actuario quodam machi- nante dolum, imperii sui anno secundo. 10. Huic successit Te- tricus Senator, qui Aqui- taniam honore prxsidis administrans, absens a militibus Imperator elec- tu3 est, & apud Burde- galam purpuram sump- sit ; seditiones raultas miiitum pertulit.Seddum hxc in Gallia geruntur, in Oriente per Odenatum Persx Yicti sunt ; defensa Syria, recepta Mesopo- tamia, usque ad Cleei- phontem Odenaius penc- iravit. 11. Ita Gallieno Rem- publicam deserente Ko- n^anum imperium in Oc- cidente per Posthunium, per Odenalum in Orienle servatum est. Gallienus interea Mediolani cum fratre Valcriano occisus est, imperii anno nono : Cla\idiusque ei successit, rinus afterwards received the g over n7nent of Gaul, averyac- tive man ; but as he ivas a per- son of excessive lust, and de- bauched other people's tviveSy he ivas slai?i at *jigripfiina^ a certain Secretary of his con- triving the plot, in the second year of his reign, 10. Tetricus, a Senator y succeeded himy ivho governing jiquitain in (juality of Presto dent, was elected Emperor in his absence by the soldiers, and took upon him the scarlet ai \Burdegala ; he met with ma- ny seditions of the soldiers» But whilst these things are do- ing in Gaul, the Persians were conquered in the East, by 0- denatus : Syria being defend- ed, and Mesopotamia being re^ covered, Odenctus penetra':ed as far as Cteiifhon, 11. Thus Gallienus desert' :y]g the government, the Po- man Empire was preserved in the JVest by Pcsthuwus, and in the East by Odtnafus. Gallie- nus in the mean time was slain at \ Medio la nu7j?, with his bro- ther Valtiiaii, in the 9th year of his reign ; and Claudius succeeded him, being chosen by ■^ A townupc!! t)io Ilhinc, now Cologne, f la Aquilania, now i3ordeanv. l A capital city of the Galli lu'^ubies, on tl cnoith side of the ri\er Fo; iti Italy. iv»,. '■■nMSi^i- JM-»«'tt'Mi!»giMhvaej&gime vixit. Zenol)ia autem posleros, qui adhuc manent Romi:, reliquit. 14. Hoc imperante e- li'An\ Monctarii in urbe rebellavcrunt, vitiaiis pe- cuniis, 5c Felicissimo ra- tionali inlerfecto : quos Aurelianus victos ultima crudeliiate compescuit. Phuimos nobiles capilc damnavit: sicvu3 Sc san- guiuarius, ac necessarius defeated letricus in Gaul a- movgst the CatalauniaJis, Te- tricus himself betraying his ar- my^ the continual mutinies of which he was not able to bear ; he had too by private letters en» treated Jurelian to come, so that amongother things he made use of a verse of Virgil's, Re- lieve me, mighty Sir, in this distress. He took Zenobia too^ after he had slain her husband Odenatus, who had fiossession of the East, not far from An- tioch *not without a terrible battle ; find entering Rome^ had a noble triumfih^ as the re- covercr of the East and the West; Tetricns and Zenobia going before his coach ; which Tetricus too was after^varda Governor of Eucaniuy and lived divested of the Eni' pire a long time» jIjuI Zenobia left posttritu^ which continue still at Rcmc» 14. In his reign the gentle- men cf the mint too rebelled in the city, having adulterated the coin, and killing Eelicissi- ?niis the auditor of the exche- quer ; whom Aurelian conquer' ed and suppressed with the ut- most cruelty. He coiidemned several noblemen to death ; a cruel and a bloody man, and * It u'as but a skirmish he had with hor near Aiitlorh; the b:\ttle that dttermiiiel the fate of Zenobia was fooght near Et-^essa, far frem Aiiticoli. N 2 150 EUTROPII magis in quibusdam, quam in ullo amabilis Imperator; trux omni tempore, etiam filii soro- ris interfector: disciplinx lamen militari» & morum clissolutorum magna ex parte corrector. 15. Urbem Romam TTiuris firmioribus cinxit ; tcmplum Soli scdificavit, in quo infinitum auri i;emmarumque consti- tuit. Provinciam Daciam, quam Trajanus ultra Oanubium fccerat, inter- misit, vastato omni Illy- rico £c Mcssia, desperans earn posse rctineri : ab- ductosque Romanos ex urbibus & agris Daciar in media Aloesia coUocavit : Sc est in dcxtera Danubio in mare fluenti, cum an- rea fuerit in Ixva. Occi- ditur servi sui fraudc, qui ad quosdam miliiares vi- vos, amicos ipsius nomi- napertulit annotata,falso manum ejus imitatus? tanquam Aurelianus ip- sos pararet occidere. Ilaque ut praeveniretur ab iisdem, interfccUis est in iiineris medio, quod inter Constantinopolin 8c Heraclcam esc stralcs ve- ieris,locusC:cnophrui ium appellatur : mors tamen ejus inuha non fuit. Me- ruit quoque inter Divos refeiri. Imperavit an- a fiecessary in some res/ieciSj rather than an amiable Rmper' or in any ; severe in all his time, the murderer too oj his sister'n son ; however in a great measure a reformer of military disciftline and dissolute vian^ ners, 15. He surrounded the city Rome with stronger walls ; he built a temple to the sun^ in which he deposited an infinite quantity of gold and jewels. He threw up, the province of Dacia^ which Trajan had made beyond the Danube ; all lilyricum and Mcesia having been ravaged by the Barba- rians, despair i}ig that it could be retained; and planted the Romans, wliom he had drawn from the cities and lands of Dacia, in the middle of Ma- sia; and so Dacia is in effect 072 the right of the Danube^ as it runs to the sea^ whereas be- fore it was on the left. He wai slain by the treachery of a slave of hia, who carried their names to some military men, his f7'iej:ds, put down in a poc- ket book, having falsely imi- tated his hand, as though ylu" relian was mi7idcd to kill them. Therefore, that he might be pre- vented by them, he was slain in the middle of the road, which is betwixt Constant i?iople ana Heracleuj beijig the old causey ; the place is called CcenophrU" riu?n. Yet his death was no' wirsvcnged. He too deservedly LIBER IX. 151 iios V. menses vi. 16. Tacitus post hunc suscepit imperium, vir egregie moratus, & rei- publicx gerenda idoneus; nihil tamen clarum potuit ostendere, intra vi. men- sem imperii morte prac- ventus. Florianus, qui Tacito successerat, duo- bus mensibus, & diebus XX. in imperio fuit, ne- que quidquam dignum mcmoria egit. 17. Post hunc Probus, vir illustris gloria milita- ri, ad administralionem rcipublicae accessit. Gal- lias a Barbaris occupatas ingenti pracliorum felici- tate restiiuit. Quosdam imperium usurpare co- natos, scilicet Saturni- num in Oriente, Procu- lum et Bonosum Agrip- pinx, mullis certamini- bus oppressit. Vineas GaUos et Pannonios ha- bere permisit : opererniciosus fuit. Ob qux omnibus hominibus invi- sus,non multo post poenas dedit. Nam dc Perside victa exercitus rediens, cum Carum Augustum fulmine, Numerianum Cxsarem insidiis perdi- disset, Dioclctianum Im- peratorem creavit, Dal- matia oriundum, virum obscurissimc natum, a- deo ut a plerisque scrib» illius, a nonnullis Anuli- ni Senatoris libertinus fu- isse credatur. 20. Is prima militum concione juravit, Nume- vianum nulla suo dole in- deat.h was concealed out of po- licy, till Aper could seize the governments it was betrayed by the stink of his carcase. For the soldiers who attended hirn, being surpn&ed at the bad ^ smell, drawing the curtains of his chair after same daysj dis» covered his death. 19. In the mean time, Ca- rinus, whom Carus upon his going against the Parilunns had idPtCx'iar in Illijricum.Gaul and lialy, debased himrhich na» tions they settled great numbers of prisoners within the Ronvin confines. 26. Diocletian ^vas a cun- ningly behaved man, sagacious maUs viclis ; quarum na- lionum ingentes captivo- lum copias in Romanis finibus locaverunt. 2G. Diocletianus mora- tus callide fuit, sagax practevea, & admodum too, and very subtle wit ted, and sublilis ingenio, 8c qui who sought to gratify his own severitatem suam aliena cruelty at the odium of another ; invidia vellet explere, di- however, he was a very indus- ligenlissimus tamen & trious and dexterous Prince, solertissimus princeps; and \who first brought into the Sc qui in Imperio Romano Roman Empire, the ma?2ner of primus regiacconsuciudi- regal custom, rather than Ro- nis formam magis quam man liberty; and ordered Roman» libertatis invex- himself to be adored, whereas it ; adorarique se jussit, all the Emperors before him, cum ante cum cuncti sa- were saluted only ; he put or^ lutareotur : ornamenta namenta oJ jewels in his clothes gemmarum vtstibus cal- and shoes; for the badge of the ceamenlisque indidit. Jm/ierialdignity before it>as only Nam pnus imperii insig- in the scarlet robe; the other ne in chlamyde purpurea things were common, * Eutropius here uses the woi'd extrinsecns barbarously, according to the custom of that age, i« the sense I have lemlered it. f Tliese were all nations of Scythia. + Our author talks weakly here, as though there was any thing like liberty amongst the Romans under the Emperors ; the whole teuor of the history suificiently shews the contrary. tantum erat: reliqua communia. 27. Herculius autem, propalam ferus, & incivi- lis ingenii, asperitatem suam etiam vuUus horro- rs signiiicans : Hie natu- rae suae iudulgens, Dio- cletiano in omnibus est severioribus consiliis ob- secutus. Cum tamen in- gravescente scvo, parum se idoneum Diocletianus moderando imperio esse sentiret, auctor Herculio fuit, ut in privatam vitam concederent, &. stationem tuendae reipublicac viridi- oribus junioribusque mandarent : cui sgre col- Icga obtemperavit ; ta- men uterque una die pri- vato habitu, imperii in- signe rautavit ; Nicome- dia Diocletianus, Hercu- lius Mcdiolaiii ; post tri- umphum inclytum quern Rom» ex numerosis gen- libus egeruntpompa fer- culorum iilustri, quaNar^ sei conjuges sororesque £c liberi ante currum ducti sunt. Consesse- runt autem Salonas unus, alter in Lucaniam. 28. Diocletianus priva- tus in villa, quae baud procul a Salonis est, prae- claro olio senuit; inusita- 27. But Herculius was open- ly cruel, and of an immoderate temper, discovering his rough- ness, by the terror of his coun- tenance; he indulgiyig his natu- ral temper, complied with Di- uclctian in all his cruel counsels. However, when Diocletian, his age bearing heavily upon him, found himself but little ft Jor governing the Empire, he ad* vised Herculius, that they should retire to a private life, and deliver up the post of de- fending the Empire to men more vigorous and youthful; whom his colleague with much ado obeyed; both of them in one day changed the badge of the Imperial dignity, for a pri- vate habit; Diocletian at* Mco- media, and Herculius at Me- diolanum ; after a noble tri- umph, which both of them had at Rome over numerous nations with a splendid pomp of ^fercu- lums, in which Karseus' wives, sisters and children, were led before their chariot. They re- tired, one to Salonce, and the other into Lucania. 28. Diocletian grew old a private person, in glorious tranguillityy in a country house, which is not far from Salona; * Nicomedia was a city of Asia IVIinor, in Bithynia. f These were conveniences made for carrying pictures, statues, &c. taken in war, in their triumphs, exposed to the view of the people. 160 EUTROPII ta virtute usu? ; ut solus omnium post conditum Romanum Imperium, ex tanto fastigio sponte ad privatx vitx stalum civi- litatemq; remearet. Con- tigit igitur ei quod nulli post natos homines, ut cum privatus obiisset, inter Divos tamen refer- rctur. having shewn an uncommon viv' tucy* that he alone of all mtv\sincc the founding of the Empire^ re* turned from so great a dignity y to the condition of a private life^ and on an equality with the other citizens. That hafi/iened therefore to him which hapfien- ed to no one since men were first pr&dttctdy that though he died a firivate man^ yet he was/ilaced amongst the Gods, * This is a mistake : Sylla had done the same before in laying dowa the Dictatorship, whick had been given him. for life. EUTROPII BREVIARIUM HISTORIC ROMANCE. LIBER X. H IS igitur abeunlibus, ad administrationem rei- publicjc Constantius & Galeriiis Augusti creali sunt divisusqus inler eos Romanus orbis, utCialli- am, Italian!, Africam Constantius : Ulyricum, Asiam, Orientem Gale- rius obtineret; sumptis duobus Cxsavibus. Con- stantius tamen, contentus dignitatc Auc:u6ti, Italix atqueAfricx aiministran- dx solicitudinem recusa- vit ; vir egregius & prx- stantissimxcivilitatis: di- vinis provincialium ac pri- vatorum studiis,fisci com- moda non admodum af- fectans : d^ltcensq ; meli- us, pubiicas opes a priva- lis haberi, quam intra unum cliiustrum reser- vari : adeo autem cultus modici, ut feriutis diebub, O 1 HESE gentlemen, there- fore, retiring to a private life, Constantius, and Gaierius were made Emperors for the admi- 7126 1 rat ion of the government, and the Roman Empire was di- vided betwixt them, so that Constantius had Gaul, Italy and Jfrica ; Gaierius held lU lyricum, Asia and the East; two Cossars being taken m. But Constantius being con- tent with the dignity of being Emperor, refused the trouble of governing Italy and Africa; an excellent 7nan, and of ex- traordinary moderation, bles- sed with the wonderful afec- tion of the provincials and sub- jects y not much regarding the improvement of his exchequer, and thinking it better that the piublic wealth should be possess- ed by private persons, than re- served in one treasury ;' a man of such modemte accom>- f 163 EUTItOPil LIBER X. 16S perio ejus evaserant. Obiit in Britannia, Ebo- raci, principatus anno ter- tio dccimo, alque inter Divos relatus est. 2. Galerius, vir & pro- si cum amicis numerosi- modationsy that ufion holy days ^ oribus esset epulandum, if he nvas tojeast with a good privatorum eis argento number of his friends^ his ostiatim petito triclinia dining rooms ivere furnished sternerentur. Hie non with the filate of hia subjects^ modo amabilis, sed etiam fetched from their houses. He venerabilis Gallis fuit, was not only amiable^ but ve- prsccipue quod Diocleti- nerable to the Gauls, es/iecially ani suspectam prudenli- because they /uid escaped the am, & Maximiani sangui- susfiicioua /irudence of Diode- Tiariam temeritatem im- tian, and the bloody rashness of Maximian, under his go- vernment. He died in Bri- ta'tn, at York, in the *13fA year of his reign, and was ranked amongst the Divi. 2. Galerius^ both a well be- be moratus, 8c egregius in havedman, and excellent in the re militari, cum Italiam military art, when he found quoque, sinente Constan- that Italy too, by Constantius* fier mission, was added to his administration, made two Ca- sars. But Constantius being dead, Constantine, his son by a stantius, ex obscuriore ^wfe of obscure birth, was matrimonio ejus filius, in made Emfieror in Britain^ and Britannia crealus est Im- succeeded as ^ most desirable perator, & in locum pat- governor in the room of his fa- ris exoptatissimus mode- ther. At Rome, in the mean rator accetsit. Romx in- time, the guards, raising a tu- tcrea^ Prxtoriani, excita- mult, declared Maxentius, the to lu'multu, Maxentium son of Herculius, who lived * He reigned as Emperor b«t little above two years, but from the tjrac of ki» beiiig made Caesar were 15 years. f Her name was Heleaa ; she was only a concubine of Constan- tius so that Constantine is to be ranked among the number of bas- tards. X Our author might with nx>re truth have said but Indifferent, aii appears sufficiently from his own account of him in the following: chapters, as well as from other authors, particularly Zosimus. H the Reformation. tio, administrationi sux accessisse senliret, Cacsa- res duos creavit. Verum Constantio mortuo, Con- HercuUi filium, qui baud then in *thefiubUc villa not far procul ab urbe in villa from the city, Emfieror. U^n publica morabatur, Au- which news Maximianus Her- ffustum nuncupaverunt ; culius being roused to the hopes quo nuncio Maximianus of resuming the dignity which Herculius ad spem erec- he had unwillingly fiarted with, tus resumendi fastigii, came immediately to Rome out quod invitus amiserat, of Lucania; which, when be- Romam advolavit e Lu- comt a private fier son, he had cania quam sedem priva- chose for the filace oj his abode, tus elegerat, in agris a- growir^ old in a mostfileasant moenissimis consenes- country, and he advised JJio- cens : Diocletianumque cletian by letters to resume the perlitterasadhortatusest, authority he had laid down, ut depositam resumeret which he slighted ; butSevefus potestatem quas ille irri- Cctsar being sent to Rome a- tas habuit : sed adversum gainst this rising of the guards motum Pratorianorum and Maxentius, by Galerius, atque Maxentii Severus came thither with an army, Cxsar Romam missus a and besieging the city, was de~ Galerio, cum exercitu serted by the villany of his own venit : obsidensque ur- soldiers. bem militum suorum scelerc desertus est. , 3. Auctx Maxentio 3. Maxentius fiower was opes, confirmatumque now increased, and hisgovern- imperium. Severus fugi- ment fixed. SeveiMS fiymg ens, Ravennar interfectus for it.f was slain at Ravenna. est. Herculius tamen Yet Herculius Maximianus, af- Maximianus, posthaccin ter this endeavoring to de/iose concione exercitus filium Maxentius his son m an assent- Maxentium denudare co- % of the army, met with a natus, scditionem 8c con- mutiny and ill language from vicia militum tulit. Inde the soldiers. From thence he adGalliasprofecmsest,do- went to Gaul ufion a feigned lo comi^osito tanquam a firetcnce, as f he had been filio esset expulsus, ut forced away by his son, that he Constantino i-enero jun- might join constantine his son- geretur : moliens tamen in-law. Yet endeavoring to take * This was a house b«ilt in the Campus Martins, for the entertain- ment of ambassadors from foreign nations. t Others say he was «ia.n at Home, See V;etor and Zos.mus. -til fr^i^jyswA 164 EUTROPII Constantinum, reperta off Contitajitmc ^having found his occasione, interficere, qui ofifiortunity as he lhought,wA# in Galliis, et militum et reigned in Gaul with great fa» provincialiumingentijam vor^ both of the soldiers and favore regnabat, cjesis provincials, having overthrown Francis atqileAlamannis, the Franks and Atamans, and captisqiie eorum regibus; taken their Kings, * whom he quos etiam bestiis, cum likewise exposed to wild beasts, magnificum spectaculum upon his exhibiting a noble en* muneris parasset, objecit. tertainmenC of public games. Detectis igitur insidiis Wherefore the plot being disco* per Faustam filiam, qua; vered bij his daughter Faustc, dolum viro enunciavcrat, who made known the contri- profugit Herculius Mas- vance to her husband, Hercu- siliam, ibiq ; oppressus: lius fled to Massilia, and ivas ex ea etenim navigare ad there put to death ; for he de- filium prxparabat: poenas signed to sail from thence to his dedit jnstissimo exitu; «o«. He was punished with a vir ad omnem asperlta- most just death ; a man in- tpm sxvitiamque procli- c lin able to all m^nntv o( cruel- ty and severity, faithless, vex- atious and tjuite void of all mo* deration* 4. About this time Licinius was made Emperor by Ga- lerius, a native of Dacia, undus, nolus ei antiqua known to him by an old friend- consaetudine, et in bello, ship, and agreeable for his vi- quod adversus Narseum gorous efforts and services in gesserat, strenuis labori- the vjar which he had carried b'is 8c officiis acceptus : on against jVarseus, The death mors Galeiii confeslim of Galerius immediately fol- secuta est. Respublica lowed. The Empire was then turn ab iiis quatuor Im- possessed by these four Emper- peratoribus tenebatur, ors, Constantino and Maxen- Constantino et Maxentio, tius, sons of Emperors, Lici- filiis Augustorum, Lici- nius and Maximinus, upstart ♦•This, if true, suflTRMeiitly betrays the humanity of Constantine j 113 was not n.s yet imleed a Christian ; but the tiling is so barbarous and bmtish, and contrary to the custom of th^ Romans, that I kno^v not how to orcfiiit Earropius therein. They did indeed sometimes put their captives to death, evennrmces; but I remember no instance of this savaf>e nature, even in the reigns of the most cruel Emperors. vus, infidus, incommo- du3, civilitatis penitus ex- pers. 4. Per hoc tempus Li- cinius a Galerio Impera- tor est factus, Dacia ori- LIBER X. 165 nio et Maximino novis hominibus. Quinto tam- cn Constantinus imperii sui anno, belium adver- sum Maxentium civile commovit, copias ejus multis praeliis fudit, ip- sum postremo Romac ad- versus nobiles omnibus exitiis ssevientem, apud pontem Milvium vicit, I- taliaque est potitus. Non multo post deinceps in O- riente quoque adversus Licinium Maximinus res novas molitus, vicinum exitium fortuita apud Tarsum morte praevenit. 5. Constantinus tamen, vir ingens, et omnia effi- cerc nitens qux animo praparasset, simul prin- cipatum totius orbisaffec- tans, Licinio belium intu- lit ; quamvis necessitudo illi et affiaitas cum eo es- set, nam soror ejus Con- stantia nupta Licinio e- rat; ac primo eum in Pannonia, sccundo ingen- ti apparatu belium apud Cibalas instruentem re- pentinus oppressit : om- nique Dardania, Moesia, Macedonia potitus, nu- merosas provincias occu- pavit. 6. Varia deinceps in- ter cos bella, & pax rc- gentlemen. Constant ine, in the fifth year of his reign, raised a civil war against MaxentiuSf routed his forces in many bat- tles, and defeated himself at last, raging against the nobles at Rome, in all the methods of destruction, at the Milvian bridge, and carried Italy, xhen not long after, Maximi- nus attempted a war against Licinius in the East, but pre- vented his approaching de- struct ion by an accidental death at * Tarsus» 5, However Constant ine be* i?ig a great man, and endeavor* ing to effect all things which he had proposed in his mind, at the same time aspiring to the Empire of the whole world, made war upon Eicinius, al- though he had an alliance and affinity with him, for his sister Constant ia wis married to Li- cinius ; and he suddenly redu- ced him at first in Pannonia, a second time carrying on the war with vast preparations at CibaU ; ar.d making himself master of all Dardania, Ma- sia and Macedonia, he seized likewise upon several other provinces, 6. After that there were va- rious battles betwixt them, and » The capital citjr of Cilicia, the birth place of St. Paul. 166 EUTROPII conciliata ruptaque est ; postremo Licinius nava- li et teri^stri praclio victus apud Nicomediam, se de- didit,etconlra religionem sacramenii Thessalonicx privatus occisus. Eotem- pore res Romana sub uno Augusto et tribus Caesa- ribus, quod nunquam a- lias fuit; cum liberi Con- stantini Gallix, Orienti, Italiaeque pracessent. Ve- rum iiisolentia rerum se- cundarem aliquantum Constantinum ex ilia fa- vorabili animi docilitate mutavit. Primumneces- ^itudlnes persecutus, eg- regiurn virum, et sororis filium commodx indolis juvenem interficit, mox uxoreiii) post numerosos amicos. 7. Vir primo imperii tempore optimis princi- pibus, ultimo mediis comparandus, Innume- rx in eo animi corporis- que virtutes claruerunt ; militaris gloriae appeten- tissimus, fortuna in bellis prospera fuit ; vcrum ita, ut non superaret industri- am. Nam etiam Gothos post civile be Hum varie profligavit, pace eis ad postremum data; ingen- temque apud barbaros a peace made and broken a- gain ; ai last hicinius being conquered in a battle both by sea and landy at Mcomediuy surrendered himself) and con- trary to the obligation of the ojth^ was alain^ now Btrijit of his Imfierial dignity at Thes' salonica» At that time the Ro' man state ivas under one Au- gustus and three Casars, which never had been bejore ; whilst the sons g/ Constant ine govern- ed Gaul^ the East and Italy. But the insolence of firosperity drew Omstaniine a little from that amiable* easiness of mind. First Jailing ufion his relations^ he fiuC to death that excellent jierson^ and his sister's son, e, youth of a civil dis/iosition^ soon after his wife and many of his friends, 7. He was a man to be com^ /tared to the best of Princes, in the beginning of his reign, but to indifferent ones in the latter end of it» Innumerable excel- lencies of mind and body shone out in him ; he wan most greedy of military glory, and had good fortune in his wars ; but 80 that it did not exceed his ac- tivity. For after the civil war^ he overthrew the Got/is too se- veral times, granting them a /leace at last ; and fixed in the barbarous nations a strong re- * Eutropius uses the word dorilit^is here in a sense it never has in any good autlior. LIBER X. 167 gentes memoriam grati» collocavit. Civilibus ar- tibus et liberalibus studiis deditus ; affectator justi amoris, quern omnino sibi et liberalitate et do- cilitate quacsivit ; sicut in nonnullos amicos dubius, ita in reliquos egregius : nihil OGcasionem praeter- mittens, quoopulentiores eos clarioresque prxsta- ret. 8. Multas leges roga- vit ; quasdam ex bono et xquo, plerasque superflu- as^nonnullasseveras; pri- musque urbem nominis sui ad tanlum iastigium evehere molitus est, ut Romx xmulam faceret. Bellum adversum Par- thos molien*?, qui jam Mesopotamiam fatiga- bant, uno et trigesimo anno imperii, xtatis sex- to et sexagesimo, Nico- media in villa publica o- biit. Denuntiata morte ejus etiam per crinitam stellam, qux inusitatx raagniiudinis aliquamdiu fulsit; eam Grxci Come- ien vocant ; atque inter Divos meruit referri. membrance of his kindness. He was given to the arts of peace, and the liberal studies ; an affector of a just love, which he did indeed procure to him- self both by his bounty and gentleness ; as he was sotne- what unaccountable in /lis car- riage to some of his friends, so was he exceedingly good to- wards the rest ; letting slip no opportunities, whereby he might render them more rich and fa* inous, 8. He enacted many laws ; some agreeable to goodness and equity ; but most of them su- perfluous, and soTHe severe ones; and fir St attempted toraise the city of his own name to so great a height, that he made it a rival to Rome, As he was attempting a war against the parthians, who now harrassed Mesopotamia, he died in a pub' lie villa of Nicomedia, in the 3 \st year of his reign, and the (j6 th year of his age. His death was foretold by a haired star, which being of an unu- sual bigness, shone for some time,. The Greeks call it Cu- metes* and he deserved to be enrolled amongst the Gods, * ft is plain byonr ?uthor's way of using the words meruit upon o- ther occasions, lie here means to say, that Constantine was actually ejirolled amongst the Divi or Demigods which sure cannot be true, and therefore it is plain by that, our Eutropius was no Christian, since^ he so little understood the religion, as to tliink it consistent therewith tod«ifydead men. 168 eutropii LIBER X. /G9 9. Successorcs filios tres reliquit, atque iinum fratris filium. Verum Dalmatius Cxsar pros- perrima indole, neque pa- truo absimilis, hand multo post oppressus est factione militari, et C/On- stantio patruele suo si- nente potius quam juben- te. Constantinum por- TO, fratri bellum inferen- tem, et apud Aquileiam inconsultius prxlium ag- gressum,Constantisduces interemcrunt ; ita res- publica ad duos Au gus- tos redacta. Constantis imperium strenuum ali- quandiu et justum fuit ; mox cum et valetudine impi'ospera, et amicis pravioribus uteretur, ad gravia vitia conversus, cum intolerabilis provin- cialibus, militibus inju- cundus esset, factione Magnentii occisus est. Obiit autem non longe ab Hispaniis, in castro cui Helense nomen est, anno imperii xvii. xtatis trige- simo : rebus tamen pluri- inis strcnue militia ges- lis, excrcituique per om- ne vilae tempus sine gravi crudclitate tevribilis. 10. Diversa Consiantii forUina fuit ; a Persis en- im multa et gravia per- pessus, sscpe captis op- pidis, obsessis uvbibus, 9. He left three sons his sue* ccssorsy and one his brother's son. But Dalmatius Cxsar, a man of a hafipy genius, and not unlike his uncle, 'was not long after taken off by a fac- tion of the soldiers, and Con- stant i us his cousin suffering it^ rather than cotnwanding it. The Generals of Const ans slew Constantine too, making war upon his brother, and unad- visedly attempting a battle at Jquileia; thus the govern- ment was reduced to two Em- perors. The government of Constans was active and jusi Jor some time ; soon after, as he had 'but indifferent health and badjriends, falUng off to great vices, when he was noNV intolerable to the provincials, and unacceptable to the soldiers, he was slain by a faction of Magnentius. He died not far from Spain, in a castle, t/ur name of which was Helen, in the \7thyear of his reign, and the 30th of his age ; yet after he had performed very many things gallantly in the war, and had been terrible to his army, through the whole time of hi» life, without any great cruelty. 10. The fortune of Constan- tius was different, for he suf- fered, many and grievous things} from the Persians, hts t'jwns being often taken, his cxsis cxercitibus, nul- lumque ei contra Sapo- rem prosperum prselium fuit; nisi quod apud Sin- garam baud dubiam vic- toriam ferocia militum amisit, qui pugnam sedi- tiose et stolide contra rationem belli die jam praecipiti, proposcerunt. Post Constantis ne- cem, Magnentio Itali- ani, Africam, Gallias obtinente ; etiam Illyri- cum res novas habuit, Ve- teranione ad Imperium consensu militum electo : quem grandasvum jam, & cunctis amabilem diuiur- nitate et felicitate mili- tisc, ad tuendum Ulyri- cum Principem creave- runt : virum probum, & morum veterum, ac ju- cundac civilitatis, sed om- nium liberalium artium expertem, adeo ut ne e- lementa quidem prima litterarum, nisi grandx- vus, et jam Imperator, acceperit. 11. Sed a Constantio, qui ad uhionem frater- cities besieged, hisarmits cut off, and he had not one suc^ cessful battle against Sapor, but that at *Slngara he lost an unquestionable victory, by the unreasonable keenness of his men, who seditiously and fool- ishly called for battle, when the day was noiv almost apent, contrary to the way of war, lifter the death of Cottstans, Magjientius holding Italy, Af- rica and Gaul, Illyricum too had some stir in it, Vete- ranio being chosen by the con* sent of the soldiers to the Em* pire ; whom they made Empe- ror when now old ^and amiable to all people, by reason of the long continuance and success of his service in the war, to defend Illyricum; being an honest man, and \of ancient morals, and agreeable moderation ; but ignorant of all the liberal arts, so that he did not indeed learn the first elements of letters, till he was old, and now Emperor, 1 1 . But Veteranio's autho- rity was taken from him by * A town upon the Tigris. f Of ancient morals, that is, of great integrity and goodnes». This manner of expression seems to have proceeded from a humor, that has all along prevailed in the world, even from the days of Homer, of preferring the former timeg before the present ; the reason of which is, that people are more minutely and fully acquainted with the vices and follies of their own times, and therefore conclude them worse than the foregoing ; whereas the scripture informs us, that the most an- cient times, n e. those before the flood, were the most wicked. »J»^r" •V"'- iro EUTROPIl UBER X. 171 nx necis bellum civile commoverat, abrogaium est Veteranioni impc- lium, qui novo inusita- toque more, consensu militum deponeve insig- ne compulsus est. Ho- rn» quoque tumuUus fu- it, Nepotiano Constanii- ni sororis filio per gladia- lorium manum impen- urn invadente : qui sxvis exordiis dignum exitum nactus est ; vigesimo e- nim atque octavo die a Magnenlianis ducibus oppressus, pcenas dedit : caputq ; ejus pilo per ui"- bem circumlalum est: oravissim» proscnptio- nes Sc nobilium cxdes fuerunt. 12. Non multo post Magnenlius apud Mur- siam profligatus acie est, ac pene captus : ingentes Romani imperii vires ea dimicatione consumptie sunt, ad quxlibet bella externa idonea, qux roultum triumphorum possent securitatisque conferre. Orienti mox a Constantio Cxsar est datuspatruifiliusGallus: Magnentiusque diversis prxliis victus vim vit» Constant ius, v>ho had raised a civil war, to revenge his bro- thers death, nvho after a new and unusual manner, was obli- jred by the consent of the soldi- ers to lay down *lhe badge of his power. There was too a tumult at Rome, M'potianus the son of Constantine'8 sister, seizing the government by a body of gladiators; ^ho met with an end answerable to fiis cruel beginning ; for being re-- duced in the 2m day oi his. reien, by the commanders Oj Ma^nentius, he was punished ; and his head being fixed upon a short land was carried about the city. fhere were most terrible tiroscripiions and wia^- sacres of the nobles. \2. Mt long after, Magnefi' tius was overthrown m a batte at^Mursia, and well nigh m- ken-, a great many forces of the Roman Empire were cut off in that engagement, sufficient for any Joreign wars, ancl which might have Procured ,nany triumphs, and much .e- curity, X^oon after Gallus, his uncles son. was appointed Casar in the East by Constcn- tius; and Magnentius being dc- feated in several battles, put an end to his own life at Eyons, has been oJnitt. d by the transcnber o books t ^i^si::'s;;:^=cr ;,:^^e .eath or ^epot^an, sux apud Lxigdunum at- tulit imperii anno teriio, niensc seplimo: frater quoque ejus Senonis, quem ad tuendas Gallias Cxsarem miserat. 13. Per hxc tempora eliam a Consiantio mul- lis incivilibus gestis Gallus Cxsar occisus est : vir natura ferus, & ad tyrannidem pronior, si suo jure imperare licuis- set. Sylvanus quoque in Gallia res novas molitus, ante diem irigesimum extinctus est. 14. Solus in imperio Romano eo tempore Con- stantius Princeps & Au- gustus fait. Mox Julia- num Cxsarem ad Gallias misit, patruelem suum, Gain fratrem, tradita ti in matrimonium sorore ; cum multa oppida Barba- ri expugnassent, alia ob- siderent, ubique foeda vas- liias esset, Romanumque imperium non dubia jam calamitale mutaret : a quo modicis copiis apud Argentoraium Gallix ur- bem ingentes Alamanno- rum copix extinclx sunt, rex nobil'issimus cuptus, Galliae restilutx : muUa posiea per eundem Julia- num egregie adversum Barbaros gesta sunt ; in the 2d year and 7th month of his reign ; as did his brother too at Se?icni, whom he had sent as Cxsar to defend Gaul. 13. Jbout these times too Gallus Casar, after he had done many tyrannical acts, was put to death by Constantius ; a man by nature cruel, and prone to tyranny, if he could have reigned in his own right. Syl- vanus too in Gaul, attempting a change of goverinment, was taken off before the SOth day after. 14. Constant ius tvas at that lime the only Prince and Em- peror in the Roman Empire. Presently after he sent Julian as Ctesar into Gaul; his cousin Gallus' brother, giving him his sister in iiuirriage ; when the Barbarians had now taken many tow7is, and were besieg- ing others; and there was evc- . ry where a woful ravage made, and the Roman Empire was tottering in visible distress ; by whom, with a small army, vast forces of the Alamanni nvere cut off, near Strasbourg in Gaul, their most noble King taken, and Gaul recovered. Many things were afterwards excellently performed by the same Julian against the Barba- rians, and the Germans driven beyond the Rhitie, end the Ro^ 172 EUTROPII summotique ultra Rhe- num Germani, & finibus suis Romanum imperi- um restitutum. 15. Neque multo post, cum Gernianici jam ex- ercitus a Galliarum prac- sidio toUcrentur, consen- su miliuim Julianus fac- tum Augustus est : inler- jecfoquc anno, ad Illyri- cum obtinendum profec- lus est,ConstantioParthi- cis bellis occupato : qui- Inis rebus cognitis, ad bellum civile conversiis, in itinere obiit, inter Ci- liciam Cappadociamqae, anno imperii octaTO & xzx, »tatis quinto et xl, meruitque inter divos re- ferri ; vir etjregix tran- quillitalis, placidus, ni- mis amiciset familiaribus credens, mox etiam uxo- ribus dedilior : qui tamen primis imperii annis in- genti se modestia egerit : fa miliar! um etiam locu- pletator: neque inhonora- tos sinens, quorum labo- riosa expertus fuisset offi- cia : ad severitatem tam- en prop^nsior, si suspicio imoerii moveretur: mitis man Einpire restored to its former limits» 15. ^nd not long after, when the German armies nvere now removing from the defence of Gaul-, Julian was made Em- fieror by the consent of the sol- diers, and a year after went to *seize Illyricum, Consttintine being busy in the Parthian wars; which things being heard, wheeling off to this civil war, he died in his return, be* twixt Cilicia and Ca/i/iadociay in the S&th year of his reign^ and the 45th of his age, and Was deserving enough to be ranked amongst the Gods; a man of extraordinary meek- ness, goudnatured, trusting too much to his friends and famili- ars, and at last too much sub» jected to his wives ; who howe- ver, behaved with great mode- ration in the first years of his reign ; an enricher too of hi» friends, and not suffering any to go unrewarded, whose labo^ rious good services he had known by exfierience : yet incli- nable a little to severity, if the sufifiicion of a design upon the Empire was once raised in * Thi^ was a most base return made Constantius for his kindness to him ; he had all along professed himself a Christian, but now Uisco- rered his former hypocrisy by a?ain restering the Pagan religion, and persecuting the Christian ; for which he commonly goes by the name of Julian the Apostate. He was a man of considerable parts, as ap- pears by his writings still extant. LIBER X. 173 alias, et cujus in civili- bus magis quam in exter- nis bellis sit laudanda fortuna. 16. Hinc Julianus re- mm potitus est, ingenti- que apparatu Parihis in- tulit bellum; cui expedi- lioni ego quoque interfui. Aliquot oppida & castella Persarum in deditionem accepit, vel vi oppugna- vit. Assyriamque popu- latus, castra apud Ctesi- phonlem stativa aliquam- diu habuit : remeansque victor, dum se inconsul- tius praliis inserit, hosti- li manu interfectus est, sexto Kalcindas Julias, imperii anno neptimo, se- tatis altero et trigesimo; atque inter Divos relatus est: vir egregius, 8c Rem- publicam insigniter mode- raturus, si per fata licuis- set: liberalibus discipli- nis apprime eruditus, Grsecis doctior, atque adeo ut Latina erudiiione iiequaquam cum Grscca scientia conveniret:facun- dia ingenti, promptse me- moriae, & tenacissim» : in quibusdam philosophy him ; otherwise easy enough, and whose fortune is more to be commended in his civily than fo- reign wars. 1 6. *Jfter this, Julian enjoy- ed the government, and made %var ufion the Par th tans, with vast firefiarations ; in which expedi- tion I was likewise fi r esent. He took some towns and castles oj the Persians upon surrender, or carried them by force ; and wasting Assyria, had for some time a standi?ig camp at Ctesi- phon ; and returning thence victorious, whilst he rashly thrusts himself into a battle, was slain by the hand of the enemy, upon the &th before the calends of July, in the 7th year of his reign, and the 3Uf of his age, and was ^placed amongst the Gods; an excellent tnan, and one that would have go- verned the empire excellently, if he might, but /or the fates ; extremely well instructed in the liberal sciences, but more learned in the Greek tongue, and so that he did not in his skill in the Latin, equal his knowledge in the Greek; qf great eloquence, of a quick and most tenacious memory ; in some things more like a philoso- * In the year of Christ 361. f As our author was upon the spot, one would thing he should know the truth in this matter ; and yet it is hard to believe that Jovian, who professed himself a Christian, could be guilty of such a scanda- lous as well as a senseless abomination, so contrary to the whole tenor of his religion. P 3 174 EUTIIOPII proprior : in amicos libe- ralis: sed minus diligens quam tantum principem decuit: fueruntenimnon- iiuUi,qui vulnera gloriae e- jusint'ciTijni: in provinci- alesjuslissimus,et tributo- rum, quatenus ferri pos- set, oppressor : civilis in cunctos ; mediocrem ha- bens xrarii curam : gloriae avidus, ac per earn animi plerumque immodici: ni- mius religionis Chris- lisanx insectator, perin- de tamen ut cruore absti- neiet. Marco Antonino non absimilis: quern eti- am lemulari studebat. 17. PosthuncJovianus, qui lunc domeslicus mi- litabat,ad oblinendum im- perium consensu exerci- tus eleclus est, commen- dalione patris quam sua militibus notior ; qui jam lurbatis rebus excrciiu quoque inopia laborante, uno a Persis alque allero pvjelio victus, pacem cum Sapore necessariam qui- dem, sed ignobilem fecit, mulctatis finibus, ac non- nuUa imperii Romani tradita; quod ante eum annis mille centum & duo- bus de viginti fere, ex quo Romanum imperiuracon- ditum erat, nunquam ac- cidit. Qiiinetiam legiones noslr» ita Sc apud Cau- /zA^r than a Prince ; liberal f his friends^ but less careful in that matter than became so great a Prince ;for there were some that brought a blemish on his glory ; most just totvards theproviiicialsy and a suppress sor of the taxes, as much a8 could be borne ; moderate to- wards all ; takitig indifferent care of the treasury } greedy oj glory, and that Jor the most part of an immoderate inclina-^ tim ; too great a persecutor of the Christian religion, yet so that he abstained from blood i not unlike Marcus Jntoninus^ whom also he made it his busi- ness to imitate, 17. Jfter him Jovian, who then attended on him in the ex- pedition, as chamberlain of th« households was elected by thr, consent of the army to hold the Empire, more known to the soldiers by the recommendation of his father, than his own ; who, jnatters being now in con- fusion^ and the army distressed with want J being defeated in one battle or two by the Persians, made a peace with Sapor, ne- cessary indeed, but ignomi- Tiious, being deprived of some territory ; and some parts of the Roman Empire were deli- ver ed, which before him had never happened, siiice the Ro- man Empire was Jounded, for a thousand one hundred and eighteen years» Moreover^ our LIBER X. 175 dium per Pontium Tele- legiojis were so made to pass sinum, ita & in Hispania under the yoke, both at Cau- apud Numantiam, & in dium by Pontius TelesinuSy Numidia sub jugum mis- and so in Spain at JSiumantia, sae sunt, ut nihil tamen and in Mimidia; that, however, finium traderetur. Ea pa- 7io part of the Roman territory eis conditio non penitus was surrendered up» *lhat reprehendenda foret, si article of peace was not to be foederis necessitatem, absolutely condemned, if he cum integrum fuit, mu- would have set aside the obliga- tare voluiiset : sicut a tion of the treaty, when it was Rom an is omnibus his in his power, as was done by bellis,quaecommemoravi, the Romans in all those wars factum est Nam & Sam- I have mentioned ; for i?Jimedi- nitibus, Sc Numantinis,et atelywarwas made both upon Numidis confestim bella the Samnites, and J^umantines illata sunt : neque pax ra- and Mimidians, nor was the ta fuit, Sed dum semulum peace confirmed. But whilst imperii veretur, intra he fears a rival for the Empire, Orientem residensjglorix whilst he resided in the East, parum consuluit itaque he but little consulted his own iter ingressus, atque 11- glory. Wherefore putting lyricum petens,in Galatiae himself upon his march, and finibus repentina morte going for Illyricum, he died a obiit : vir alias neque in- sudden death in the country of ers neque iraprudens, Galatia ; a man otherwise nei- ther inactive, nor wanting sense» 18. Multi exanimatum 18. Afany think he was ta. opinantur nimia crudita- ken off by an excessive erudi- te: inter coenandum e- ty, for he had indulged himself nim epulis indulserat : in eating at supper; some by alii odore cubiculi, quod the smell of his chamber, which ex recenli tectorio calcis, was dangerous to the lodgers, grave quiescentibus erat : by reason of afresh plastering quidam nimietate pruna- of lime; some think by too greet * Our author talks here, as your great politicians usually act, with- out the least rcsrard to honour and justice, hut onj' to interest. There was tUis remarkable difterencc betwixt the case of Jovian and th« rest he alledges, that the Consuls, by whom the peace at Caudium,&c. was made, had no power to conclude a peace, but Jovian bad as much as to make \^ ar. 174 EUmOPlI propiior: in amicos libc- rwlis: sccl minus (liligens (]uam tantum principcm (Iccuit : fucrunt enimnon- M\iUi,c|'ii vulncra gloiiae c- jvjs intcsrjni: in provinci- al 'jsjublisbiinus,et Iributo- nim, quatcnus fcrri pos- set, oi)prebsor : civilis in cunctos ; mediocrcm lia- bcns scrarii curam : gloria: avicliis, ac per earn aninii j;l'jrumque ininiodici: ni- iiiiijs relii^ionis C'hris- li.sans insectatoi', perin- (le lanien ut ci uore absli- neiet. Marco Antonino non absimilis: cpiem eli- am icinulari sluclcbat. 17. Poslbunc Jovianus, (jui lunc (Jomeslicus mi- litabaljad oblinendum im- })enum consensu exerci- tus eleclus e^t, commen- dations palris quam sua iniblibus notiorj qui jam luibaiis rebus exercilu (juo^^ue inopia laborante, uiio a Fersis alque aliero prxlio victus, jjacem cum Sapcre nccessariam (pii- dem, sed iti^nobilem fecit, mulctatis finibus, ac non- nuUa imperii Homani iradita ; quod ante eum annis mllle centum & duo- bus de vii^inti fere, ex quo Romanum impcriumcon- ditum erat, nunquam ac- cidit. Quineliam Icgioncs nustrx ita Sc apud Cau- /7;fr than a Prince ; liberal t& his friends^ but less cartful in tbat matter than became so If real a Prince ;for there were some that brought a bleviis/i on his (florij ; most just towards theproviiiciah^ mid a suppres- sor of the tnxeSf as much as could be borne ; moderate to- ivards all ; taking indifferent care of the treasury ; greedy of glory» and that Jor the most Jiart of an immoderate inclinU' tion ; too great a persecutor of the Christian religion^ yet so that he abstained from blood ; not unlike Marcus Jntoninus^ whom also he ?nade it his bust- nessto imitate, 17. Jfier him Jovian^ who then attended on him in the ex- pedition^ as chamberlain of the household,, was elected by the consent of the army to hold the ILmpirey more known to the solditrs by the recommeJidation of his father., than his own ; who^ ??uUters being now in con- fitsio?i, and the army distressed with want^ being defeated in one battle or two by the Persians^ made a peace with Sapor,^ ne- cessary indeed y but ignomi- niousy being deprived of some territory ; and some parts of the Roman Empire were deli- vered^ which before hirn had never happened^ since the Ro- man Empire was Jowuled^ for a thousajid one hundred and eighteen years» Moreover ^ our LIBER X. \7: dium per Ponlium Tele- legio?is were so made to jiasa sinum, ita & in Hispania under the yoke^ both at Cau- apud Numantiam, & in dium by Pontius Teles inus, Numidia sub jugum mis- and so in Spain at Auraantia, sae sunt, ut nibii lamcn andinjYumidia;ihatfiowever^ finium traderetur. Ka pa- no part of the Roman territory eis conditio non penitus was surrendered up. *lhat reprehendenda foret, si article of peace was not to be fcEderis necessitatem, absolutely condemned^ if he cum integrum fuit, mu- tvould have setaaide the oblir^a- tare volui^set : sicut a tion of the treaty^ whenit was Romanis omnibus his in his power^ as was clone by bellis,quxcommemoravi, the Romans in all those wars factum est Nam & Sam- I have mentioned ; for immedi- nitibus, & Numantinis, et ately war was made both upon Numidis confestim bella the Samnites^ and ^lumantines illata sunt : neque pax ra- and Xumidians^ nor was the lafuit. Sed duni xmnlum pieace confirmed. But whilsc imperii veretur, intra he fears a rival for the Empire, Orientem residens5glorix whilst he resided in the Easty parum consuluit Jtaque he but Utile consulted his own iter ingressus, atque II- glory. Wherefore putting Iyricumpetcns,in Galatix himself upon his march, and iinibus repentina morte going for Illyricum, he died a obut : vir alias neque \x\- sudden death in the country of ers neque imprudens. Galatia; a man otherwise nei- ther inactive y nor wanting sense, 18. Muhi exanimatum 18. Many tiiink he was la- opinantur nimia crudita- ken off by an excessive crudi- le : inter coenandum e- ty, for he had indulged himself nim epulis indulserat : in eating at supper; some by alii odore cubiculi, quod ihesmeHofhis chamber, which ex recenti tectorio calcis, was dangerous to the lodgers^ grave quiescentibus erat : by reason of afresh plastering quidam nimietate pruna- of lime; some think by too greet * Our author talks Jjfie, as your great politicians usually act, with- out the least icirard to honour ajid justice, hut ony to iuKnciit. There was this remarkable difteroucc bctuixtthe case of Jo\ iau and the rest he alleriges that the Consuls by whom tlie peace at Cr.U(lium,&c. was ma;le, had no power to conclu Jo a peace, but Jovian had as much as to inakc war. 176 EUTROPII rum, quas gravi frigore adoleri multas jusserat. Decessit imperii mense septimo, quarto decimo Kalendas Maitias: ata- lis, ut qui plurimum ac minimum tradunt, tertio et trigesimo aimo : ac be- nignitatc Principum, qui ei successerunt, iutei Di- V03 relatus est. Nam & civilitali proprior, 8c na- tura admodum liberalis fuit. Is status erat Ro- manae rei, Joviano eodem Sc Varroniano Consuli- bus, anno urbis condilae millesimo cenlesimoScno- nodecimo. Quiaautemad inclytos Principes Tenc- randosque pervenUimest, interim opeii modum da- bimus. Nam reliqua sty- lo majore dicenda sunt : quae nunc non tarn pr^e- termitiimus, quam ad majore m scribendi dili- gentiam reservamus. ♦ One thouius cjUs them, were a bit better than a great many of the foregoiue, or near so j^ood as some of them. This IS only a piece of gn>s» riattery ; a tribute more or less paid to all Prinrcs without distinction, and vviiich w ith men of scnre or eonsidei - ation alv^ays stands foi" nothing, in the language of tlatterers, the present Prince always exceeds all tho foregoing, jnstas much as, with respect to other nie.i, in tiio vulgar e^iiiuatioii; fjrm*r times were better than the present. a quantity tf charcoal^ ivhich he had ordered to be burnt in great filenty ^ in a grievous cold» He died in the 7th month of his reign jU/ion the 1 Ath before the ca- lends of March^ and the SSd year of his age ; and by favor of the Princes that succeeded him, was enrolled amongst the Gods ; for he was both inclina- ble to moderation^ and by nature very generous» That was the cojidition of the Roman Empire^ when the same Jovian and Var- ronian were Consuls, in the year from the building of the city* 1119. t^"^ because we are now come to famous and venerable Princes, we shall here put an end to our work. For what follows must be related in a loftier *tyle, which we do not now so much omit, as reserxe to a greater dihgence i^i wri- ting» INDEX. Pricr numerus librum, posterior caput indicat. \^n\hhVA:s, .- '-x.i,». o, Aloxandriiiae -i X obsossus captu^(ii'c ab l)io- cletir-.iK», 9. oj, Acilius Glabrio bene pug lat in \- ehaia, 4. 3. Adherbal cum fralro fliomosalc JMteriniitur a Jugurtha, 4. o O. Adihabeni ab Trajanu ' vi'noun- Tur, 8.3. Adri.!nussucce(IitTraiano,v'ic.8.6. A.gyi)tusadditurImp.'l;uiiiano,7.6. /Lmihanus rei novas uiolitur iti Mcpsia, 9. b. fit Impcrntor, 9. d ^•Einiliu,- Paulus Pcsnos /luvali ctr- lamijje superat, 2. '12. .^■T-'.uiilius Paulu..- pneiio ud Cainias occiditur, .':, 10. ^tlmilius Paul-s Perseura ::^.Iace- doiiiae vincit, 4. 7. Afranius Pompeii U.v. Ariubar/cajies^. 5. Arizitobnlus Rex .lud.Torum, 6. 16. Aristonit;us beliuui in Asia movct, ^■c. 4. '^0. Asiirubai Anniljalis iVater magiia ^ ,cScc.— Canna3,3.'10. Cautabria addita Impcrio, 6. 7. Caracal la Imp. 8. 22. Carau>^ius pmpuram sumit, 9. 2L Cassius(Caius) 6. 25. Catalina. 6. 1.5. Cato so oceidit, (5. 23. Catulus Consul cum C. Mario con- tra Cimbros felicitcr puirnat. Cicero Consul, 6. Ij. occiditur a 'I'riumvjris, 7. 2, INDEX. < 'imbii \ incuiitur aC. Mano.5. 1 ,2. Claudius hup. 7. 13. Cloopatra, 6. '22. 7. 6. Couistaiitius Constantiui M. jiater iit Casar, 9. '22. Augustus cre- atur, 10. 1. Constanlius Constantiui fil. Imp. 10. 9. Coustautinus M. Imp. .10.2. Scsc^. Cujistautinus Constautiui ]\I. tilius Juip. 10. 9. Coustans Imp. 10. 9. Coisule priiuunj citautui-, 1. 9. Cuiiuthus capta diripitur a Mum- in io, 9. 14. Cojoli capiuntur, 1. 1-i. <^'orvinu^, 2. C. Crassus contra Parthos prullcisci- tur, 6. IB. Curius iJcntatus, 2. 9. CuiS ji- Dictator contra Samnite.s pu^uat, 2. 8, 9. I^. — l)acia Prov incia facta a Tra- jano, 8. 2. Decemviri creantur, 1. 18. Dioolotianus Imp. 9. 21. Domltianus Imp. 8. 1. DuiliusConsulPa'nos navali prx'lio ^ superat, 2. 20. 1^. — Eboraci moriturSe\ erus.8. 19. £dess£e muritur Antonius Bassia- nus, 8. 20. Eleplianti primum in Italiam ad- duct i, 2 11. EumenesKomanoium amicu?,4. 4. FabiusMaxinms, 5. 9, ^c. Fabricius contra Pvrrhum mitti- tur, U. 14. Falisci capiuntur a Camillo, 1.19. Fausta uxor Constantiui M. 10. 3. Fidenatus aRomulo viucuutur,l.2. Flaminius Consul a!) Annibale vic- tus intcrHcitur, 3. 9. Flaminius adversusPhiiippumaiit- tilur, 4. 2. Florianus imp. 9. 16. Franci mare infestant, 9. 2 2. O. — Cabii subia^untur, 1. 7. fJal.itia proviucia facta, 7. 10. Galbalmp. 7. 16. Gak'rius Casar fit 9. 22, Augus- tus 10. 1. Calli Romam Capiunt, 1. 20. n.- gantur, 2. :>. rursus 3. 6. Gallienus Imp. 9. 7, 8 Ge:itiublv X lllyrici, 4. 6. Gcta Imp. 8. 19. Gurdianus, Imp. 9. 2. Gothi va>taiit Graeciam, IVIacodo- niam, .Sec. 9. 8. vincuntur, 9.11. rursus, 9. H. rursus, 10. 7. Gracchus CSempronias) v;ncitur ab Aiinibalc, 3. 9. II. — Ilamilcar du\ Pcnorum na- \ali pu^na vincitur, 2. 21. Ileliogabalus Imp. 8. 22. Ilelvctii vincuntur ab J. Cacsarf. 6. 17. Ilcrculius Caesar factus, 9. 20. Aug. 9. 22. Hiempsal ab Jugurtha caditui., 4. 20. Hiero Re \" Sicilia?, 3. 1,2. Hierosolyma capitur, 7. 19. Ilirtius Consul, 7. !. liostilianus Imp. 9. 5. liubiJius Re>;. Rom. 1. 4. I. — Iberia subacta, 6. i'i. lursusa Trajano, 8. 3. lilyrii vincuntur, 4. 6. Indi legatos ad Augnstum mittunt, 7. 10. Ingcnuus sumit purpuram, occidi- tur, 9. 8. Joviaims Imp. 10. 17. Iturxi vicuntur, 6. 14. I Juba Rex Mauritanise sibi necciii j consciscit, 6. 23. ' Jiidai vincuntur a V^espas. f. 19. : Jugurtha Rex Numidarom, 4. 2 j. Julianus Imp. 10. 1 k Junius lirutus, 1, 9. ; L. — l.iclius, 4. 4. ; liartius primus Roms Dictator, 1. 12. Latini ingenti pu?iia superantur, 2. 7. Lcpidus Magister cquitum, 6. 23. Triumvir, 7. 2. I.icinius Imp. 10. 4. I.igurcs subiguntur, 3. I. Livius Saluiatur vincit Asdruba- lem, 3. 18. Luculius f'\ ^. INDEX. M. — Macrinus Imp. 8. 20. Magnetius, 10. 9. Mancinus (Oasul pacem infamem cum Numantiuis facit^ 4. 17. Marcellus vincit GaIloK,3. 6. in Si- cilia prospere rem gerit, 3. 14. occiditurab Annibale. 3. 6. Marcomannicuui bcllum, 8. 12. Marius, 4. 27, »Scc. Marsi rum aliis gravissimum mo- vent bellum, 5. 3. Maventius Ana:. 10, 2. Maxiniianus Imp. 9. 20. Maximinus Imp. 9. 2. Mithridaticum bellum, 5. 3, Sec. Monetarii rebellant in urbe,9. 14. Mummius Consul Corinthum di- ruit, 4. 14. ^'. — Nabis Tv'rannus Lacedjpmo- niorum vincitur u T. Quinto Flaminio, 4. 2. Varseus Rex Armenia bellum in- fert Orienti. 9. 22. vincitur. 9. 2d. -Vt'potianus invadit Imperium, 10. 11. Xero Imp. 7. 14, ice. Kerva Imp. 8. 1. Nicomcdes Rex Rithynia?. 4. 20. .). .5. Norbanus Consul a Sylla supera- tur, 5. 7. Xuma Rex Rom. 1. 3. Xumant. bellum, 4. 17. Numerianus Imp. 9. 18, O. — Octavianus 7. 1. 0 > 1 C ■|l rf. '<^6 a -^ .Ji%tf}*'ffftSi U^'i |4k' •i*f^i .'1 « ^ ^jf .i . <%<1