A* DISCOVRSE AND DISCOVERY OF Nevv-fovnd-l'NDj WITH many reafons to proouc how worthy and benc- fciall an Hand,called B j New- ■ To his MaieftiesgoodSubiefh. New-found-land, in part heretofore outwardly difeo- ucred,butneuer looked into by thofe difeouerers as it deferued; from the beginning I found it promife well,inrelpe&ofthe purpofe I had, to gather feme thing for the bettering of the Common wealth; and the more I made triall ofir, the more fatisfa&ion ic gaue me: Therefore I affe&cd that courfe better then anyotherlfcllvnto; infomuch as l did fo fix my in- duftric vpon it, that for the qualifying of my tvauels, I obtained Commilfion from the State to procecde in it, andamnow come to propound to my Coun- treymen, the benefit they may make of an orderly Plantation and Tratfike there: the following pit courfe will fatisfic them, if they wijlforgiuc thq v|i- handfomenefle of the forme it is put into, andlooke into the matter it felfe onely. The Hand of New-found-land \% large, temperate • and fruitefull,the fruitfulneflc of it confiftiqg not on¬ ly in things of fuftenancefor thofe that Ilia 11 inhabitc it,but in many forts of comoditieslikcwife, of good vfeand valevv to be tranfported.The Natiucs in itare ingenuous,and apt by difereet & moderate gouern- : ments to be biought to obedience. The feat is fit for -Harbour and reljefc, vpon the way betweene vs aird . Virginia and confcquently of aduantage to vs in any aftion that mayengage vs, either by way of offence or attempt,in regard of thofe parts oftheWorlJ.The >Seas are fo 'rich, asthey are able toaduauceagreat Trade of Filhingjwihichjwith Gods bldfing, will be¬ come very feruiceablcto the Nauie; and the increafc of fiflaing there, cannot dcfpaire offindingportes'e- •now to vent thecommoditic at profitable rates. Now To his Mdiettiesgooi Subie&s. Now ifyou would vnderftand what motiues v/ce haue at home with vs to carry vs thither; doe but looke vpon the populoufncfic of ourCountrcy,to what a furfet of multitude it is fubieft ; confider how charitable for thofe thatgoe, and how mucheafe it will be for thofc that flay, to put forth fome ofour numbers, to fuch an imployment ofliuing. Com¬ pare the Englifh nature with othersjand finde whe¬ ther wee haue not as much courage as they, both to vndertakeand maintaine ;oncly welofe it, inhauing lefTeinduftry.Turne then towards the Lowe Coun¬ tries, behold how they haue wonne vpon vs,by taking aduantage of our fitting ftill • (and moft remarkable in this point of fifhing) which,if their Audit were publifhed, would bee found ( I bcleeuc ) one of thebeft Agents they haue,both for their ftrength and wealth. There is another motiuealfo,which amongft our Anceftours was wont to finde good refpeft, namely," the honour of the a&ion, by the enlarging of Domi¬ nions ; and that which will crowne the worke, will be the aduancementofthc honour of God, in bringing poore Infidels (the Natiucs of that Conntrey) to his Worfhip,and their owne Gluation. I commend the defigne to the entertainment of his Maieftic and his Kingdomes: becaufe I cftccme it fuch a one, as deferues not only to be vndertakcn,but to be gone thorow withall. And as it is a Proieft of no fantafie in me,but a truth grounded vpon a well-weighed experience; fo haue I not prefumed to publifh it, but vpon good approba¬ tion, as hath already appeared. To bis Maieflies goodSubieBs? If thcfc confiderations, with many others here omitted, but contained in the enfuing Difcourfe, may wotkean impreffion in the affe&ions of his Ma- iefties Subie&s/or the aduancement of Gods glory, their owne and their Countries profperity, it fhall be fome content toward the great paines, Ioffes of time,andexpcnceofmymcanes that I haue fuftai- ned in the profecuting thereof, for which I truft you will at lcaftreturne your thankefullacceptance; and folremainc Yourlouing friend, THE PREF AGE* BEING AN I ND VC- tion to the following Difcourfe. ( Ltbough 1 well know, that it is an hard matter to perfwade people to adventure intoJlrange Countries • ejpecially tore - | main and fettle themfelues there,though ■ the conditions thereof he neuer Jo bene - fc'tall and aduantagious for them: jet l cannot be out of all hope, that when it jhallbee taken into conf deration, what infinite riches and advantages other ' Nations ( and in particular, the Spaniards and Portugals) . haue gotten to themfelues by their many Plantations,, hot- onely in America^## alfoin Barbary, Guinnie 4 Binnie,' and other places: ^And when it Jhad plainly appearefty 1 thefollowing T>ifcourfe,tbat the Countrey of Newfound¬ land (as it is here truly defcribed) is little inferim to ueeneE\uabcthjtndin her name tooke pojfifi- on of that Countrey,in the Harbour of S. lohnsjvbcreof I was an eyc-witnefe. He failed from thence towards Virgi- nia^andhy reafon offomevnhappy direction in his courfi, thegreatefl Ship he had,Jlrucke ypon Shelues, on the foafl of Cana die, W was there loft;,with mojlpart ofthe com¬ pany in her: \And heehimfelfc being then in afmall Pin> naceof 2 o.Tun,in the company of his Vice-CAdmirall, (one Captaine Hayes ) returning towards England, in a greatJlorme, was ouerwhclmdwith the Seas , andfo pe¬ riled. In another Voyage lmade thither, about 34. yeeres pafl, wherein 1 had the command of a good Ship partly mine ownept that time one Sir Bernard Drake ofDc- C a uonfhire, ThePrtfecc. tiOtiOaUc^Knight, cmt thither with a Commiffion, and hatting ditiers good Ships vnder his command, hee thereof look many Portugal ships, laden withfijh, and trains tyfcahd brbught them into England as Prizes. ■ omitting to fpeake ef other Voyages ! made thither, du¬ ring the late jgneenes Raigne, I will def end to later times. lntheyere 1611. heingin New-found-land, at which titpe that famous Arch-Pirate, Peter Eafton, came there, and had with him tenfaile of good Ships, well furnifed, and very rich , / was kept eleuen weekes vnder his com¬ mand, and had from him many golden promifes, Andfo 1 defend to the parti¬ cular Relation of the Countrey,&acioiis&excellent Bayes, fome of them ftretcfc ingintorthe land, one tpwards ^nother^ tnore then ty&ntylcaguesvi. :•»' ,*:il ■■ ' :'V t .- • : " * cl On On the Eaft fide of the land, are the Bayes of Tru nity and Conception^hich ftretch themfelucs towards the South-weft ; Tor Bay,and Capelin Bay,lying alfo on the Eaft, ftretch toward the Weft: The Bayes of Trepajfey , S. CMary, Sorrell, and Plaifance, or the South part of the land, extend their armes co¬ ward the North: The great Bay of S. Peters^ lying on the Southwcft fide of the land, and Eaft, Souther¬ ly from the great Riuer of Canady ^ being about twen¬ ty leagues diftant, the fame ftrctchech toward the Eaft. And here I pray you note, that thebottomes of thefe Bayes doe meete together within the com- pafleofafmall circuit: by meanes whereof our men palling ouer land from Bay, to Bay, may with much facilitie difeouer the whole Countrey. From the Bay of S. Peter ^ round about the Weft- fide of the land, till you come to the grand Bay, which lycth on the North-fide of the Countreyjand fo from thencc,till you come round, back to Trinity Bay, are abundance of large and excellent Bayes $ which are the lefle knowne, becaufe not frequented by the 'Engltjb^ who feldom fifia to the Northward of Trinity Bay. Andit'istobc obferued, that round about the commodious Coaft and in the Bayes, there are many fmall Hands, (noneofthem further off then a league from the land ) l>ym ' m ’ bothfaire andfruitfull: neither doth any one part of the world afford-greater ftoreof good Harb6rs,more free from dangers j or more commodious, then are there built by the admirable workemanfhip of God; I willonely inftance two ot three of the chiefcft, for -fbmelpeciallreafons. - _’_ - D z Trinity 4 A Difcouery of New-found-land, TrUhymrbm Trinity Harbour lyes neere in 4 9 degrees North- 4 fordingdb latitude, being very commodioufly fcated to re- mdfties x Um ' €C ‘ ue Snipping in realbnable weather,both to an- ' chor in, and from thence to faile towards either the Eaft, Weft, or South: It hath three Armes or Ri- uers, long and large enough for many hundred faile ofShips, to moarefaft at Anchor neere a mile from the Harbors mouth; clofe adioyning totheRiuers fide, and within the Harbour is much open land , well ftored with grafle fuflicicnt, Winter and Summer, to maintaine great ftore of ordinary cattell, befides Hogges and Goates, and it ftan- deth North, moft of any Harbor in the land,where our Nation pra&ifeth fifhing ; It is neerevnto a great Bay lying on. the North-fide of it, called the Bay. of Flowers ; to which place no Shippes repaire to filh; partly in regard of lundry Rocks and Ledges lying euen with the water, and full of danger 3 but chiefly (as I conie&ure) becaufc the Sttugis lining - Sauage people of that Countrey doc there inhabite: *ure to Trinity manyof them fecrctly euery yeere, come into 7 >;- fJerlioHK nity Bay and Harbour, in the night time, purpofe- ly toftealeSailes, Lines, Hatchets,Hookes,Kniues, and fuchlike. And this Bay is not three English miles ouer land from Trinity Bay in fome places ; which peoplcjif they might be reduced to the know¬ ledge of the true Trinity indeed, no doubt but it would be a moft fweete and acceptable facrifice to God,an eucrlafting honour to youcMaiefty,and the .heauenlieftbleffingto thofe poore Creatures,, who are buried in their owncliiperftitious ignorance.The taske thereof would prouc eafie, if it were but well begun, and conftantlyfeeonded by induftrious Ipt- ., (i ‘ lits.v jits: and no doubt but God himfelfe would let his hand to reare vd and aduance fo noble, fo pious,and foChriftiana building. The boctome of the Bay of Trinily lyeth within Thtbmmtef foure leagues through the land Southweft, Souther- dimrsBayu ly,as by experience is found; and it comes neere vnto the Bay of Trepajfev, and the bottomc of feme other * Bayes, as I haue already touched before. And what commodities may thereby redound, if fome of your Maieftics Subie&s were alio once fettled to plant neere vnto the Harbor of TrepaJJey, being neere the South part of New-fouvd-Und , where fome Ships vfc yeerely to fifh? If therefore neere the Harbour of Tunity it were inhabited by fome of your Maieftics Subie&s, I fee no reafon to the contrary, but that a fpeedy and more certaine knowledge might be had of the Countrey, by reafon thofe fauagepeople are fo neere; who beingpoli- tikely and gently handled, much good might bee wrought vpon them:for I haue had apparant proofes of their ingenuous and fubtile difpofitions,and that V they are a people full of quicke and liuely appre- henfions. 7 repaffey in like manner is as commodious a Har¬ bour,lying in a more temperate cliraate,almoft in ^6 n e rnrbmr degrees the like Latitude, and is both faire and plea. knt, delightfulland wholefome, that no Countrcy , . \ i ■ ‘E in '1$; APifcnttry ifUm-found-landy ii) thtiwoddhaih better. And Fewell for fire is fo pleniifiill, that there is neucr like ro be any want there ofthofe Commodities. tititjifiiMf 1° hke manner there is great abundance ofTrees, rimbtr there fifth be imploded in other (eruiccable vfes:There are yowm%. Birre apd Spruce trees, found,good, and fit to maft Shipswithall ; and as commodious for boords-and buildings ast.he Spruce & F.irre trees of Norway • and out; of thde came abundance of Turpentine. No Gountrcy can fhew Pyneand Birch trees, of fuch height and greatnefle as thofe arc there ,& doubtics, | if fome ftore of your Maiefties fubie&s do once fettle ! there fo liue,and would be induftrious to-feareh fur- t ther,andiniorc throughly into theCounrrey, then as i yet if hath beene, there, might be found many other i Gotdbopeof commoditicsiofgood worth. Amongft the which I MintynAma- may not omit,that there ismuchprobability of fin- fiub. mmA dingMines- 5 apdimaki[)g ofIron and Pitch. v '' I TheRiuer&alfoand,Harbours are generally flored Tijbin%mi w hh delicate Fifh, as Salmons, Peaks, Eeles, Her. flbmdance. rings,Nlackerell,Flounders,Launce, Capelin, Cod, arid Twutsthe faired,fatteft andiweete(V,that I haue fqeneijianypart ofthe world. Thelikbfor Lobftcrs, Crafi(b,Muskds, Hens j and other varietie of Shel- filh.great ftore. Aid alfo obferue here, that in thele places there is yfually ftoreofthefpawne and frieoffcuerallforts of fifties iwhprjeby;the Sea-fowleliuc fo far, as they are tforain the winters Andlikewifethe Beuers, Otters and fuch like,that feeke their foode in the Pondsand> > frcf 3 h,Eiuers;Winter andSummer, whflreby itmay Wrill^peaWithat.the froftand fnowesare not fo ex. ihcj Wintc* fcafbn,asit is in England - Jv- diuen dioers Winters. . The Seas; likewife all along that Coaft, abe plen¬ tifully abound in other forts offi(b,as WhaleS,Spa- nifh Mackerellj Dorrdpolcs, Hertihg, Hogs, Por- pofes, Scales, and fuch like royall fifh,&c. But the chiefe commodities of Ncw-fomd-tatid yet knovvnc, and which isgrowne to be a fettled trade, and that which may be much bettered by an orderly Plantation there, (if the Traders thither will take fome better courfe, then formerly they haue done,as ftiall be dedared)is the Codfifhing vpon that Coaft, cod.flbmgh by which our Nation and many other Countries are put hope if be- enricht and greatly comforted. And if I fhould here fet downc a valuation of that fifh, which the French, Bifcaines,and Portugal ietch Tbebmfitm. yecicly from this Coaft of New-found-land, {and the $*l? a France Bank, which lieth within 25. leagues to the#*/? fyfimfifiing' of that- Countrey , where the French vfe to vpmtbtflctgfli. Winter and Summer, vfually making two voyages eucry yecre thither: (To which places, and to the Coaft of Canady , which lieth neerc vnto it,are yeerc- ly fentfrom thofe Countries, more then 400. faile of (hips:) It would feemc incredible, yea fome men are of opinion, that the people oi France, Spxihc; Fartit- gad&'hd Italy ,could notfo well liuc,lf thfe'beridSt of thefiftiing vpon that Coaft,and.your Maieiftics other / Dominions,were taken from them. ! , ' ' But I truft irwillbee fufficienr, piat rgfue'an efth mateof ourotyne tradingthitlje^ahd'mrily'orthe weafth andcommodiries.vi/ffteapethercpyi'^ithpiit msaiietf an.ytitripusfcarchintb pth'drnlcnstprofiK i ‘ 3 ?:> J ;; inthey ceHr 1615. when I Was Amfo./ci ?. ' £2 ? with it a Dijmtrj tf NM-fiund-landy with the Commiffion before-mentioned,which was I an occafion of my taking the more particular ob- / legations of that Countrcy, there were then on that Coaft, of your Maicfties fubie£ts,abouc 250. faileof Ships great and fmall.The burthens and Tunnage of them al one with another } fo neere as I could take no¬ tice, allowing eucry (hip to bee at leaft threefcore tunne (for as feme of them Contained lefle, fo many 6f tliem held more) amounted to more then 15000. tunnes.,Nowfor euery threefcore tunne burthen,ac- cording.to thevfiiall manningofShips inthofe voy¬ ages, agreeing with the note I then tooke, there are to befet dowhe twenty men and boyes: by which computation in 250. faile, there were no lefle then Hue tnou&nd perfons. Now euery one of thefe (hips, fopcere: as I could ghefle,,had about 120000. fi(h, and fiue tun ofTraine oyle one. with another. Mat the value So.that the totall of the fi(h in 2 50. faile of thofe effbeflb cm - fhip Sa whcn.it was brought into England,France, or Jhipldidmlunt Spaine, (being fold after the rate offoure pound, for vnt», euery thoufand of fifh,fixe fcore fifties to the hun¬ dred, wbicb is.not a penny afifh, &.ifit yecld lefle,it was ill fold) amounted in mony to noooo.pound. - Npw,as I hauc faid before,allowing to euery (hip ofm hence, ; ‘ At.' id A Dlfmtry of Newfound-land, At leaft I cannot fee, bat that from hence further Difcoueries may bee made, and new trades found out, yea, peraduenture the fuppofedNorth-weft pat fage: For if it can be prooued, or if there be any pot Ability or probability, that there is fuch a paflage, rheViortbmi ontheNorthfideof America towards Japan and Chi- mtlpalfageto which in theopinion of fbme men, is to lie neere cbm the height of 64. degrees : the fitteft place from whence to proceed to that Difcouery, is (in my opi¬ nion) the Nervfoitndl.wd. And for thofet|lgt hcnce- foorth attempt to fcarch that ftrai rf^^ bwiige % to fet foorth fooner and more early^^P^fetoforc they haue done, and to faile dire&ly to fdrtic conue- nient Habour in New found-land, there to refreih themfelues with fuch prouifion as (hall bee needfull $ and fo putout from tnence about the twentieth day of May (if it bee once fet in a faire Wefterly winde) and to faile along the North part of New-found-land, and that Coaft which is called Cambaleu, continu¬ ing thatNorthcrlycourfevnto 64. which is but 12. degrees from the Newfoundland', and it may be failed in lefle then fixe dayes, with a faire Wefterly winde, which commonly maketh a cleere coaft all along to the North, both from fogges and Ice alfo j both > which are violent hinderers to men that haue vn- : dertakenthefe voyages - For comming to feeke out 1 thofe ftraights or pafiages, with a large Eafterlv, Southerly, or Northerly winde, which commonly bring on that Coaft the fogges and Ice; and com¬ ming fo late in the Summer, they haue thereby loft the aduantage and benefit of time, for finding out fo happyabufinefle. But if this defigne of a Plantation fhould not bee enter- ftmng the Comnioditksthemf. ^ entertained, and thorowlyprofecuted, it may bee iuftiy doubted, that fome other Prince will ftep in, and vndertake the fame • which if it fhould fo fall out, your Maiefty (hall not onelylofe all thofe ad¬ vantages and benefits, which your Maiefty, and your Fubiefts might reape by this Plantation, but alfo the aduall poffeflion • and then thofe that fliould viurpe your Maieftics right there,will be an hindrance to your Maiefty,either to remoue them, or to plant by them, without hazarding a breach of peace. And it may bee feared, thatfuch a Plantation, growing to haue ftrength,your fubie&s fliall be (if not prohibited)yet at leaft hindred of their free tra¬ ding and filhing there, or conftrained to take their filh of the Planters,and at their prices 5 which may fall out to be a notable dilferuice to your Maiefty, and the vtter ouerthrow of your fubie&s trade thi¬ ther. Butin fetting downe the aduantages wee fliall ugmtadmm. haue by a fettled Plantation there, I haue fufficient- Ay difeouered, what our lofles will be, if we fuffer by fettling a ourfeluestobcpreuentedbyothers. Plantation in That Countrey may be made a place ofgreat vie hS, " and aduantage for this State , in any aftion that may ingage vs, by way of attempt or defence, in re¬ gard ofthole parts of the world. For the firft, this Couhtrey lyeth lb neere the courfe which the Spanilh Ihips, that come from Mexico, Hmns , and other,places of the Weft-Indies, liold in their retume from thence, that they of ten faile within 190. leagues from the South part thereof. F In i8 ADifcouerj ofNM-found-lani s In they cere 1615. whileft I was in that Coun- trey,three (hips returning from the Weft-Indies, did arriue there, purpofeiy to refrefh themfelues with water,wood, fi(h,and fowle, and fohauediuers 0- thers done at other times to my knowledge. MKchbtihbte *, Sundry Portugall /hips haue alfo come thither Kmm toloade fifh from the Engl/famd haue gi- £v>T WW ? 1 uen them a good price for the fame, and failed from } I'j thence with it to where that kindeof fifhis ; ! in great.requeft, and they haue made great profit 1 thereby. And diuers Dutch and. French (hips haue alfo of¬ tentimes come thither,purpofely to Ioade fi(h from the Englijh, which they afterwatds tranfportinto Italy, Spaine, and other parts, whereby they imploy both their (hipping and Mariners, making good profit thereof. Wee haue already fpoken of the great numbers of French and Portugall (hipping, that vfually trade eucry yeere to this Coaft, and the places neere ad- ioyning in fifhing voyages :£o that what in all like¬ lihood may be the euent of a Plantation to be made ! there,if either Spaine or France (houldbrcake league with your Maiefty, or your royall Progeny* ,1 leaue to the confideration of your. Maiefty. r . . kniv&uuL • ^nd certainely,as your Maieftics fubie&s (ailing ivUtbegotHfor to and from Virginia, England, and the Ber- i : Maie l itfmtrj »fNM-fottr>d-ht)d, Thefe are fuch great abufcs, which are moft la¬ mentable to bee fuffcred, and therefore it is great a that it is not redrefled: for no Nation elle the like; neither doe the Sauagc people, af¬ ter fuch time as our Countrcy-men come from thence,either hurt or burne any thing oftheirs,that they leauebehinde them • fo that thofe trees, and that timber might beconuerted to many feruice- ablevfes,forthegoodof yourMaiefty, and your Highndfe Subie&s, if reformation thereof were haa. Now I thinke good to make knownepartly what abufes bee alfo offered to the Harbours and Rodes in 'X&v-found-UndjihtLt are fo beautifull, & fo excel- . lent, ordained by God, for (hips to ride fafe in at anchor j as there are not better in any part of the world - yet for all this beauty of theirs, and the commodity that wee receiue by them; thefe difor- ders diuers men of our Nation doe there commit, via. All ihips,for euery voyage they make there,takc in many exceeding great ftones,therewith to preffe their dry fifli in their /hips - which worke being . done, they caff many of thefe ftones into the Har¬ bours where they riae at Anchor, which are to be feene lying in great heapesin fome places, within . three fedome of water, to the great indangering of Ihipsand cables • to the peril! alfo both ofmens liues,and their goods, and likely in time to choake vp or /poile many excellent Harbors in that Coun- .trey,ir prouifion be not by y our Maiefties high au¬ thority made to the contrary. All thefe formerabufes are confefled by diuers jhewtng the Commoditiis thereof. 33 Matters of Englifh fljips, in the briefe of the pre- fentments, that follow in the latter pait of this booke, as may appeare, the which being made knowne to the fubie&s that aduenture thither,I am confident (in my opinion) that they fhould all moft humbly dcfire your Maiefty, that there may bee fome better gouernment eftablifiied thcre^ than now it is: and that fuch which plant there, may not abufe or hinder any fuch which yeerely come thi¬ ther a fifhing, whereby they (houldhaue any iuft caufe to complaine the one againft the other,as now they doe. And becaufe my defire is, that not onely Mer¬ chants, or fuch as liue neere the Sea-fide,but alfo all others that fhall giuc their furtherance to this Plan¬ tation, either by aduenturing their moneys, or fending men thither (becaufe it istobevndertakea by men of good ability) and in fuch manner, as di¬ ners wealthy men doe in other Countreys,ioyning their purfes to further any fuch good worke: I thinke it fit to thew how inch perfons may aduen¬ ture to that Country,though they .dwell farre from the Sea-coaftjand others likewife that dwell neere, may doe it with little trouble, but onely by a tnifty feruant, to giue account y eerely of his disburfings, and likewife of his rcceits • which (I truft) will bee very beneficiall to all fuch as will aduenture there¬ in; Yet I fuppofe that fome, who dwell farre from the Sea-coaft,may fay,they are fo farre off^that they fhquld be but little the better for a Plantation to bee made in New-found-Lnd, and fomay hold it a needlelfe thingfor them;to know how beneficiall that Couairey hath longtime bcene cothefe your r :' : . H • Maie- 34 AVifcdutryofRw-fiundland, Maiefties Kingdomes ; and how it may in little time be worth double to your Maiefties fubiedts, in refpcd: of what now it is, euen in the onely trade of filhing, befidesthe good that may come by other trades and commodities to be had from thence. To fuch therefore that ftiould fo obiecft, that thofe that liue farre from the Sea, whether Gentle¬ men or others 5 and are not experienced in affaires of this nature, cannot fo conucniently aduenture thitherjl anfwere,that none of your Maiefties Sub¬ jects dwell further then loo. miles from the Sea- fide,which is no great iourney 5 By the fame reafon, that Commodities brought from Forraine parts, and landed on your Maiefties Sea-cOafts, and Ha- uen-townes,are difperfed thorow all places ofyour Maiefties Kingdomes, and fo vented (our menli- uingthus in any of thefe places) may with as little difficulty aduenture to the New-found-land, andalfo into other Countries ; For as we haue the example ofdiuers, both Gentlemen and others of Italy, Sprint, Germany, Sauoy , the Low Countreys,and o- ther places that come ycerely, fome of them more then 200. miles to the City oiStuid, purpofelyto feile from thence to the Wefi-Indies , and thefe doc yeerely returne rich 5 So it may be alfo well vnder- ftoodby the following Difcourfe, how commodi- oufly there may bee fent many people from any .part ofyour Maiefties Kingdomes to bee there im- ployed,that haue but fmall meanes to liue, and bee very beneficiall tothemfelues, and all thofe which ftiajl be fo imploy ed there. , The firft thing, therefore : that t wilt aduife any fubic# that is but little acquainted with Sea-af¬ faires, Jhmfog the Commodities thereof. 3 faires,and fuch as ftialbe willing to aduenture in the defired Plantation, is, to acquaint himfelfe with an approued vnderftanding man in Sea-affaircs^and al- fo with a fecoud-and then with both their opinions and his owne judgement,he may fet forward there¬ in, withgreater hope of the better fuccelTe 5 for to my knowledge, diuers worthy Gentlemen that haue aduentured to the Seas j partly through their own conceit, feeming to know that which they did not, haue alfo oftentimes bin animated on by fomc turbulent Ipirits that haue outrun thcmfelues, and lb brought men in fuch mindes, that on the coaft of Guinnie there, they might gather vp gold along the Sea-lhore, waihed vp with the Sea in great abun¬ dance* and Iikewife if they would aduentureto the Wef-Indies , there they Ihould load their fhips with Gold-oare, and draw it aboord their fhips with Wheele-barrowes, and then (hare it by the pound • and fuch like proiefts. Thus,by fuch meancs,diuers worthy Gentlemen haue runne fo farre at Sea, in fome fuch vnfit voya¬ ges , by ill dire< 5 lions, that they haue quickly brought land to water, and neuer knew how to fliape a courfe to recouer vnto their land againe • God lend all thole that will henceforth aduenture to the Seas in any Plantation or otherwife, good Pilots, and it will be the greater hope of good fuc- celfe to follow. Now for thofe that will put their hands to the furthering of your Maiefties Plantation in ^Hew- found-land , my opinions, they are beft either to buyaShipof 100. Tun, and a Pinnace of 40/run, or neere fueh burthens, or elfe to hire the like Hi Ship 3 6 A Difcouery ofNm-fmtUand, Ship to feme for the palling of people,vi&uals, and prouilionSjinthe Spring of the yeerc, fit for fuch a purpofe, and for the returning offuch filh, and o- ther commodities from thence, as thofe men fo fent and imployed,imy procure with their labours 5 and thofe Ships and men fo fent, may bee fo fitted and prouided with Salt, Nets, Hookes, Lines, and fuch l.kc prouifions, as thofe Ships and men are, which ycerely fade thither a fifhing. The beft courfe of the two,as I conceiue,is for a- ny fuch,to buy aShip and a Pinnaceto feruefor that purpofe, and then the Pinnace may bee fent thither before the biggerShip, wherby to fettle and begin tofiichaconuenicntplace for habitation, as God fhall direct them 5 whither the greater fhip may re<- paire: and they may imploy themfelues all the time that there is good to be done in filhing,in that trade onely,and betweene the faile ofthe Shoales of filh, they may build hdufes,and prouide other necelfary things in perfect readinelfeto be tranfported into Spaine, famgall , and Other places beyond the Seas • much cheaper then the Hollanders doe* feeing it is to be hid there eafily withmans labour only: And therefore mote commodioufly from thence for vs, from thofe parts, then the Hollanders are able to ferue them,as now they doe,who buy fuch commo¬ dities with their money inSptMCf-ld/ui, ahd other places, and yet thereby gaine much^ -arid in- creafe a number of Shipping and Mariners, ahd fet them aworke continually in fuch trade. Now hauirig ffiewOd howmen may vndertata to furtHer this Plantation ^ by f prduiding Ihips for thO filhihgtfade,as is formerly e^wefTedjIfuppofethat :• '4 : fome Jhewing the Commodities thereof. 37 fome worthy men, that may be zealous and willing to further fo pious, honourable, and bencficiall a' worke, may bee vnwilling to trouble them/clucs* with the fiihing trade, and yet very willing to fur¬ ther the faid Plantation, after iorne other courfe that may be leife troublefome to them; which they may very well perforate in this mariner: ; They may hire a /hip with men,afld victualled t6 iaile from any part of your Maicfties Kingddracs, to the Nexv-found-land , to carry people, victuals, beafts,and other prouifions in fuch competent num¬ ber, as may bee fit to palfe in fuch a /hip, as any one /hall fo hire ; and hauing landed fuch people and prouifions there to plant,the /aid /hip may there rc- loade fi/h from the fi/hermen; (and if any will plant in that manner) they are to bargaine for their fi/h heere in England, with fuch as doe fft forth /hips in the fi/hing trade, which fi/h may be bought before¬ hand of them, to be deliuered there at eight /hil¬ lings the hundred waight, or ne0r<2 that price , and to pay for the fame within 40 . dayes, more or leife, after fuch times heere in England, that there comes from thence the fight of any Bills of Exchange, from thofe that receiue the fi/h therein that manor; and the lhip fo hired, being there loaden, may- faile from thence vmo France,Portugal!, Spaine, Or any 0- therPort wjthin the ftraights of Gibraltar ; I fup- po/e the freight ofeuery Tunoffifirfbto b£ traiifi pdrred there, willbce neere fotirepound the-Tun, twenty hundred waighttothe Tun; which'ftaight andhireforthe (hip^mon-and victuals, in all j:hat time, if m^ be agreed to bee paid thc'reWhiere the fifhisrraldjTo-thatfohthe-Ki/eof theflirpif^iSiand *-r. H 3 ' victuals. jg A Difcoutrj o/New-found-land, visuals, there will be no occafiontodisburfeany money, before the jfhip fafely arriue to either of the places aforefaid, where, by Gods affiftance, any one lhall fo intend to make Tales j and there the fliip fo hired may bee fet free • and then what more fo- euer the fifh may yeeld, may bee to difchargc the buying of the fifli in the New-found-land, and what profit may accrew ouerandaboucthefraight and hire of the (hip,men,and victuals being difcharged, will redound to the good of any man that will ad- uenture fo to plant,and hire his (hip in that manner; and fuch courfe may anyfutficicnt man take euery yecre to further the (aid Plantation, wherefoeuer •nedwellinanyof your Maiefties Kingdomes,and fohaueone (hip to make three voyages therein a ycere., that (halibut land people and prouifionsfor them,and prefentlyreloade fuch Fi(h,Mafts,Deale- boords, Beames,Timber for buildings, and other commodities, fuch as chafe people which hce had formerly fent, fiiould haue prouided in rcadinelfe • with wnich commodities, if hee returne to Sjtaine or Portugal} , it will yccld ready money: and it hee returne with it to the City of London and Port of Briffoll, or any other place within your Maiefties KingdomcSjit will alfo not onely yeeld ready ma¬ ny,but it will be a meanes to imploy many the more of your Maiefties Subietts and (hipping therein; fo that; the Hollanders and other Nations, (hould not bring fo much of fuch commodities into your Ma¬ iefties Kingdomes as they do now yeerely, and car- ry awa^ much coyne for the fame, as it may be well AnSwithall it is to be confidcred, that whereas now Jbeteingihe Commodities thereof 39 now there are yeerely at 'Km-fotmd-ltmd of your Maiefties Subie< 5 fcs /hips in the fi/hing trade, at Jeaft 15 000. Tun burthen of /hipping 3 as is already ex- prelfed, and that thefe fhips yeerely carry thither, neere halfe their ladingof/alt, to faue their fifh withall, which cannot be lefle then 7000. Tun, the which fait, whether it be bought in Sjuune, Portugd or France at a cheape rate, it cannot coftle/fe then feuen thoufand pounds, which is but twenty/hil¬ lings the Tunne, adding the fraight thereunto for bringing it from thofe parts, it cannot ftand in lefle then twenty/hillings a Tunne more, whichis feuen thoufand pounds more j fo that the fait may/land thofe that trade thither, as the trade is now, yeere¬ ly, with the wafte and tranfportation of it thither, much aboue foureteene thou/and pounds 5 of which fumme,there is much aboue feuen thou/and pounds yeerely bellowed in other Countries, which I fliould gladly fliew fome fit meanes that it may bee henceforth faued and brought into your Maiefties Kingdomes in Coyne, or fomc other good com¬ modities. The which may be very fitly,commodioufly,and beneficially done,if thofe which yeerely aduenture thither, will fettle people there in fuch order as a- forefaid,in eucry Harbor where they vfe to filh,and prouide pannes in euery fuch Harbor to boyle/alt toprefeructheir fi/h withall • the which may bee perforated there very cheape •; fo in that maner one panne will make twenty bu/hels of good fait in euery fourc and twenty hourcs for that purpofe • onely with man£ labour and the fait water- and hot as fome doe vfe^tQ make fait vpon fait 5 artd there it :^o A Dlfiouery ofNeffjou/icUartd, it wilbcvndertakentobe made with the wood-fire (which may be there had with little labour) with¬ out Charcoie or Seacoles.$ and that fait To made there, {hall not (land in foure pence the bufhell, to thofe that will prouide to make it there in that man¬ lier: and now fait ftands thofe that aduenturc there, neuer leffe then twenty pence a bu(hell,and fome- times three (hillings the buihelland aboue. And it is well approued by all thofe that yeerely fifli for Ling, Cod, and Herrings vpon all your Ma¬ iefties Sea-coafts , that fait orderly boyled in fuch manner,doth much better preferue fi(h,andkeepe it _ more dclightfuller in tafte, and better for mans bo- dyjthen that fifti which is preferued with any other kindc of fait j And I am well alTured, that fuch fifli asisfaltedwiththefineftwhitefalt, will fell fore better in Siuill, and other places of Spatnc and Italy, where I hauebeene often, then that which is pre¬ ferued with any other kindof muddy fait- and thus by takingfucha fit CourfeTor making thereof in New found land, it will notonelyfauea great deale of coyne yeerely in your Maiefties Kingdomes,but alfo imploy,andgreatly inrich your Maiefties Sub¬ jects thereby, There is no quelftion to bee made,but that thofe (hips which may bee To procured to carry people thither , will yeerely rcturne from thence deepe loaded with good fifli to diuers. places beyond the Seas , and make good profit with the imployments thereof,(if fit prouifion be madeto take fifti.with- allas k qughttobe: for euery man^ the better hee dqtjhprpr^ehimfelfcforthat purpofc^ftiall reape the greater l>enefit thereby Itti the firft yaridnot bee flming the Commodities thereof* 41 able to returne from thence, Deale-bords, Mafts, andfuchlike, vntillfuchtimeas /hipping be buil- dedmuch greater, and fitter for that feruice then now they are. The trade to the Newfound-land being thus fol¬ lowed, as it may well be, yourMaieftics Subiefts may then haue there yeerely, aboue 40o.faileof good /hips from all your Maiefties other King- domes, which will be alwayes in readinefle to bee called home from thence, without imbarment of any forraine Prince, vpon le/Te then foureteene dayes warning,if the winde feme,with aboue eight or ten thoufand of lufty,ftrong and feruiccable Sea¬ men in them, vpon any occafion of feruice, when fome other /hips and Mariners that are then abroad in voyages,to the £< to bee yeerely maintained there for that fcruicc, ;«£ • may be eafily and commendably defraied, with vnur • fitting tie Commodities thereof, yi your Maiefties allowance therein, if euery Ship and Veflell of your Maiefties Subie&s, fifhing on that Coaft, will voluntarily contribute thereunto the value of a good daies fifhing in the whole voyage, which will bee abundatly recompcnced vnto them, in regard that they may then fifh continually and fecurely many a daies fifhing the more in cucry voyage, which now oftentimes they dare not doc 5 And then thefe two Ships ofwarre,and two Pinna¬ ces fo to be maintained, by fuch a frtiall contributi¬ on to be paid for their feruiceat Newfoundland in dry fifh,they will fo fcoure the Seas euery ycerc go- . ing forth thitherward bound, and likewife in their returne, that no Pirate of any Nation durftcomc neerethe Southerne parts of your Maiefties King- domesj neither to lie in waight in the courfe failing to and from the New-found-land, for thole that trade thither,as yeerely heretofore they haue done, and ouerthrowne many a mans voyage. For which courfe, wee haue the example ofour neighbours the Hollanders, who generally in ail HtUtmdtrtatm their trades > but moft fpecially in their fifhing vp- tended mb on your Maiefties Sea-coafts, are attended with men of warre, which are defrayed by a certaine contribution from thofe men, in whofe defence they are imployed. And by this mcancs the Mar- chants and Traders of-Holland, receiuefarre grea¬ ter aftiirance and benefit, then if euery Marcnants fhippe fhouldfet themfelues forth in warlike man¬ ner in their owne defence. Forbefides the fecuri- ty they haue,and fauing the charge which fuch pro- uifions would require, they haue alfo much the more roome in their Marchants fliips for their j . K 2 Com- i 52 ADifcmrj »f Nac-foHni-Und i Commodities.. And thefe lliips thus fent to guard their Fleets, wSK"* which are called Wafters, doe continually brcede Mainmbnd , many fit fcruiceable Sea-men, not onely Mariners, thus. butalfo good fouldiers,and fit Commanders, that are well experienced how to comand in Ships vpon all, occafions j for without fuch fit Commanders in good.Ships,.tlicre is but {mail hope ofgood-feruicc to be performed by them 5 and ifthe 'N^ptfowd-Und ' men may be thus guardedwith two fuch Ships,and two Pinnaces,it would not only in little time breed many a Gentlemanand.othersin.themto bee well experienced how to command in (hips, vpon any occafion of feruice, butalfo it will make your Ma- iefties fubiedts Ships that trade thither,• fo ftrong, that they neede notfearcthegreateft force,that a- ny Prince Ihould at any time lend thither to di- fturbe or. hinder them, neither in returning from thence vpon any occafion to doc your Maieftie feruiee. If after all this, I Ihould be demanded by thole k which know not the Countrey, what other places / in the Land are al£ofttto bepeopled at firft,fo well ! as theHarbors.of T repajjey y and T rioity (of which I | haue already fpoken)wherebythpfe which will ad-r j uenture thither, may not be doubtfull to plant in i • other Harbors,although I hauefirftexprefled them | , for fome fpeciall reafons,as it may be well ynder- | flood,the one of.them lying North-moft, where | our Nation vfeth .to fifii .neere the Sauages,and the [ other lying on the South-moft part ofthe Land,and neere vnto the pallages of diuers Ihips that laile ygerely toandfiom otfierplaces of the world,as i? . ' : ‘ a lready Jhemttg the Commodities thereof, $ 3 already plainely (hewed ; yet there are many other ! excellent good Harbors where our nation vfeth to fi(h, lying betweene them both, which are very good for (hips to moore faftat anchor,and eafily to be defended from enemies, that (hall at any time attempt to moleft fuch as (hall plant in them: and ■ better for fifhing, then either of the forefaid two Harbors are, of which! will particularly exprefle fome of their names. Firft, the Harbor of Saint lohm: For Hand-.Forme* ft: Agafort: Harbor dk Grace-: Renouze: and diuers ' other good Harbors, Bayes and Rodes, where there is good fifhing, and are fit places for fiiips to ride in at anchor the Summertime : and as it is already (hewed, that the bottomes of diuers Bayes,that are exprefTed to be in this South part of the Land, doe euen meete together, within the compare of a fmall circuit, neere vnto the Bay of Plcapwce • So like- wifenotfar fromTrepaffey, which lyeth fix leagues to the Weft, from the South , cape of the Land,’ which is called Cape Derajfe, and fixe leagues to the North-ward ofthelaid Cape, lyeth the Harbor of RettouzejN hich is aplace eafily to be defended,there being at a low ebbe not 18.foot water fine fand.-yct in danger to be fpoiled by the (tones andballaftthat s tom and m- are throwne into the fame, which are to be feene in l f l r r .T nt , in great heaps when the water is clearc,: as common- dnyrmfit ly it is in a jfaire Sun-(hining day, right vnder the ftt'- (hips,where they: ride.at anchor. Thefe (tones and ballaft, fo throwne into the Harbors.by Chriftians, is very dilhonourable to our Nation (if there bee not fome better courfe taken therein) it is to be for- rowed,that the offenders are not feuerely punifhed. 54 ABifcoutry ofNew-found-Und, Gtod'pndfif j ^iClofeadioyning tothc Harbour of Renouze,are 3<%f. aBoue 300. Acres of good land, that is cleere with¬ out Woods or Rocks, and liech commodioufly to be ouerflowne with frefh Riucrs in the Summer time, with very little labour, as I haue well obfer- ued: and within a mile further off from the laid Harbours, lye many thoufand acres more of very good open land, that arc able to recciue and relicue many hundreds of Cattell,and fit,with little labour, to be manured for Tillage. Gmtflare >f There are yeerelyneerevnto the faid Harbor of Dttn. Renouze,great ftore of Deere fecne 5 and fometimes diuers of them haue been taken. T here is a man yet liuing , that was once at Nm-fottnddand in a fhip with me*and he in one voyage did there,neerc vnto the Harbour of Renouze, kill 18. very large and fat Deere, as it is well knowne, yet he went with his Pecce but feldome for that purpofe, & would then haue killed many more,if he might haue been (pa¬ red from other labour to attend thereon; whereby starea/Fifi it may be well vnderftood,that there is great ftore • t^tn&wud Deeres flefh in that Countrey, and no want of * er m ’ good fifh,'good fowle, good frefh water, and ftore ofwood,&c. By which commodities people may well Hue there very pleafantly. From the faid Harbour of Renouze, it is not a- boue twelue miles auer land to the Harbor of Tre- pafley, and not farre from thence to the bottome of Trinity bay, and within three leagues vnto the Harbour of Renouze, are three very good Har- i hours, where our Nation vfeth to fifh, which lie to | theNorthward ofit. | . Now whereas there haue been fome doubt and i-pnnrfc Jhemng tie Commodities tiereof. y y ^ reports made of great cold in that Countrey,by peo- v, dnbt te h, pie thathaue traded thitber, who (I fuppofc) neuer "Mtoftbentd few any other Countrey, but onely that, and (heir thtrt ' owne natiue foyle; and fuch when they haue retur¬ ned from thence one voyage, though thcy'neuer vn- dcrftood,or felt the nature and temperature of other 1 Clymatcs, neither confidcr the goodnefle of New¬ foundland, as it is now partly made knowne, haue gi- uen a great deale worfe report of that Countrey, then . in reafonthey Ihould$ and if fuch were but a little acquainted,or would vndcrftand of the great cold that is at times in UMufcouia, Srnidon, Norway,Spruce- land, Poland, Denmarke and other Eafternc and Nor- therne parts of the World,where the people liue well and grow rich j fuch ill reporters of New-found-land would ipeake better of that Countrey, and alter their opinions; And although the Ice is fo great in thole other parts of the World in the Winter feafon, com¬ monly abouefoure moneths together, that neither Ship nor Boat can pafle in all that timc,fromone place to another, but Iyefkill faft frozen, yet in that feafon,whereShips vfe to feile the Summer time from one place to another, Carts and Coaches doe pafle vpon the Ice, and the people in all thofe North parts of the World, liue there rich and exceeding well. Shipsalfo in Holland and in thole nccre places, in fome Winters doe lie there faft frozen a long time together:and likewileit hathbeene in lomc Winters lb hard frozen in the Riuer of 7 homes , aboue London-bridgc ncere the Court, that the tendereft ibeald faire Ladies and Gentlewomen that arc in any part ufXnEnghnd of the world, who haue beheld it, and great num¬ bers of people, haue there Iported on the.Ice many ii =—-■ • ' _ '■ - - ■■■■■ .. .da.ves. . A Dtftmry of New-found-land, daycs together, and haue felt it muchcolder there, then men doc that liue in New-found-Und. Now if fuch men, when they come from thence, - that hatie but little experience of the coide in other Countries,neither take due obferuation of the coide that is fomctime in England, would liftcn to men that haue traded in the Summer time to Greeneland , for the killing of Whales, and making of thatTraine oyle(which is a good trade found out)andconfider well of the abundance of great Hands of Ice, that thofe Ships and men are there troubled withall at times, they would thereby bee pcrfwaded to Ipeake but little of the coide in New-found-land: yet, praifed be God, feldome any of thofe Shipsand men that trade to Greeneland, haue taken any hurt thereby. ■People Hue there Wherefore I defire to fatisfic any that (hall bee vitb little appa, willing to further this Plantation, and clcare thofe rt V' reports and doubts that are feared by fome people of the cold therejand alfo to let them know,that the Sa- uage people of the Countrey that liue in the North parts,endure it fo well, that they liue there naked Winter and Summer. And alfo my felfe, that haue becne there often, and diuers others of our Nation, that haue traded there, endure the greateft coide wee haue met withall there at any time, in our fa- ces, neckes,andearcs, as well as any Gentlewomen in England doe the coide in their naked bofomes, neckcs and faces in the Winter time, when they goe fovneouered 5 arid therefore I doe conceiuc, that it is but a little needlefle'charie riiceneffe vfed by fome that trade there, that complainc any thing of the coide in that Countrey, by keeping themfelues too warme: which coide.(I fuppofe) fome that haue bini :- 57 there, may feek the more, if they haue becne much accuftomcd to drinke Tobacco, ftrong Ale, double Beere,or haue beene accuftomed to fit by a Tauerne fire, or touched with the French difeafe, fuch pejr- aduenture may, when they come to a little cold, wherefoeuer they bee, feeleitthemore extremely then otherwife they would. Furthermore they may be alfo more fully fatilfi- ed ofthe cold in that Countrey by a Gentleman, one Matter John Guj^ late Maior of the City of Briftolljthatliued there two yeeres together, and diuers others alfo offort & qualitie, many yeeres lo pleafantly,and healthfull with their wiucs and fa¬ milies, as if they had Iiued in England. And whereas there come fome yeeres vpon that Coaftgreat Hands of Ice, which arc congealed in the North, farre from thence,as it may be well vn- dcrftood,and that the Coaft of New-found-land lieth in longitude from the South Cape thereof to the graund Bay, which is the^Morth-moft part of the Countrie, North, North-Eatt, and South, South- weft, aboue fiue degreesjand that from thence, any jhip being off from that Coaft twelue Leagues, and failing North,North-Eaft,may run on,till they come to the North-ward of 70. degrees, and no land to hinder him, neither from thence any land found, in that altitude, direas I conceiue) the reafons that fuch Hands of Ice are feene fome yeeres on the Coaft of2 Vm-found-laM will alfo Ihew my opini¬ on partly,why there arefuch Fogs there alfo/ome- times. It is well knowne vnto all thofe that haue feene the Country and oblerued it,how the Land is ouer- growne with Woods and Buibes that haue growne, and fo rotted into the ground againe(in my opinion eqerfincethe floud):he rottennestherofhath fo co, u: red the earth, and Rocks in diners places of the Gountrey in great thicknr:s, and by reafon thereof, Themfe »f , the open land and woods doe a long time in the tbi F*&ti. Summer containe agreac njoiftufe vader.^e lame, fo. Jhewittg the Cdmmoditits thereof. 5; 9 fothata man may obferue, when the heateof the yeere comes on, a kinde of Fogge arifing continu¬ ally from it. Therefore,in my opinion,which I fubmitto dee- u ab»tt per Iudgemcnts, lfthofe vnncceflary bufhes, and ,fciF V»^ tt fiich vnferuiceable woods were infome places bur- ned, fo as the hot beames of the Sunne might pearce into the-earthand ftones there, fo fpeedily as it doth infome other countreys, that lye vnder the fame eieuation of the Pole, it would then there make fuch a reflexion of heate, that it would much leffen thefe Fogs,and alfo make the countrey much the hotter Winter and Summer, and thereby the earth will bud forth her bloffoms and fruites more timely in the yeere, then now it doth, andfo bring the Land more familiar to vs, and fitter for Tillage, and for Beafts, and alfo for Lahd-fowle,then now it is 5 and thereby thofe Hands of Ice that come on that coaft at any time, will the fooner difTolue, which do fpeedily melt, when they come neere the South part of that Land, &c. Alfo, it may be obie&ed by Lome, that the coun¬ trey is rockic,and mountainous,and fo ouergrowne with trees & bullies,in fuch a Wildernes,thatit will be an endles trouble to bring it to goodperfc&ion: and fuch like obie&ions are often vfed, as if they would hauefuchaLandcleanfcd to them without labour. Yet my hope is, when any fuch fliall reade ouerthis Difcourfc,and confiderwell of the particular motiues herein expreffed, whereby a Plantation there fhould bee imbraced, they will be well fatisfied therein, and Ifuppofe,forbeare to fayitisfucharockie, and cold countrey as is vnfit La to j 60 A DifcwryefWewfound-land, to be planted, thereby to bee vnited vnto your Ma- iefties Royall Crowne. Ihauebcenfcuerall times in 2 Norway, where the Countrey is in moft places more rockie, and moun¬ tainous then the New-found-land, and lies aboue fixe degrees more to the North,and yet very beneficiall to the King of Dcnmarke , where many of his Ma- iefties Subie&s liue rich and pleafantly; but the New-found-land is much more pleafant to liue in. I haue often feene the Coaft of Biskay and Portu- gallzW along the Sea-Coaft, how rocky, barren and mountainous thefe countreys be in moft places, al¬ though they lie in a pleafimt and temperate Cli- matej if fuch which fhould difpraife the N&vfound- /W, had feene it, and trauailedin thofe parts as I haue, they would not onely like well,and be in loue to further the defired Plantation, but alfo admire how the people in thofe other Countries doe liue by their good induftrie, and feeke out little places amon gft the Rocks, and in the fides of HiJs and gooTfors'tlds, Mountaines,tofetandfovv theirfeedesfor Rootcs, Run mi Cabage, Onions, and fuch like, whereby they re- V'mv.. cc | ue g reaf com f orts : for all alongft thofe parts on the Sea-coaft, their beft meanes of lining is by fil¬ ing, and other trades by Sea. The like benefit may all fuch haue, that will plant at Newfound-land, and much better in many other things 5 as is already fuffi- ciently touched.. Likewife it is well knowne to all thofe that haue trauaiied from thence all along the Coaft of Spatne, euen'to Granada^vm barren and rockie thofe parts o £ Spain* are alfo in moft places • and yet the people. by their good induftry, plant many of their Vines j ‘ ■ 1 and and other fruits, on thefides of fomefrecpeHils a- mongft the Rocks, where men are faineindiuers places, eucn tocreepeontheir handsand knees to prune the faid Vines, and gather the Grapes of them, to make their ftrong wines,and fwecte Ray- fins withall, which wee fo much delight to. taftc. In thofe toothfome, and delightfull Commodi¬ ties, our Marchants bellow much money, which the New-fetind-land trade and Commodities had fromthence,willbeablein little time, ifit be peo¬ pled as aforelaid,to fupply all your Maieftics King- domes withall, with thefales offuch commodities had from thence, to be imployed therein,andfome other good commodities alfo. Likewifefrom Granada to Carthagena , llegant , Denia, and from thence euen to theCitie of Valen- rw,which is a large circuit, the moft parts all along, as I haue trauelled, are veiy barren, rockie and mountainous-that very few Cattell, Sheepe,Goats, or any other beafts are able toliue there 5 and yet doc the people in thofe parts vfe great induftry,to plant their Vines and other fruits, whereby they feeke out their, beft meanes they haue toliue: and like wife alfo in diuers other places neere the CMc- diterranean Sea, from thence to Bajfatonia, Marfellis , Saucy 3 and Gemway , and in diuers other places in - Italy , thefe Countries are very Rocky and Moun- tainous,as I haue well obferuea: & yet thole places doe abound with many other rich blelfings, by meanes of the peoples good induftrie therej and fo by reafon thereof, the people in all thofe parts from the Coaft ofBiskaj.yntp Italj • & alfo the moll parts of France, Gafcoyne, Brittaim , Normandy and La_ Pica rdi , 6i ABijcotteryDf New-found-tind, Picardj, are by th c New-found land fifhandtradeto that Countrcy greatly relieued: .which iifli is in all thofeparts in great requeft, & deeds them greatly, and dothfell very well thcremoft commonly, and fo like wife in England great abundance thereof is {pent j which being well confidered, I know no rea- fon to the contrary, hut that the Subie&sof all yourMaiefties Kingdomes Ihouldbemoitwilling to further that Plantation, and fhew their good in- duftry to cleanfe Land there for Cornc & Woadc, and plant diuers kindesof fruits, which queftion- lelfe will alfo proue fo well there as in England • and then will it be to all your Maieftics other King- domes fuch a nurcery to get wealth, and to increalc and maintaine Shipping,and beget feruiceable Sea¬ men, as great: Brittaine hadneuer the like,nor any o- .ther Chriftian Prince in the World. With thefe good Welfings which are before re¬ cited,being followed by induftrious ipirits,therc is a great hope of a'plentifull harueft vnto your Maie- Ikie & Kingdomes thereby: God fend good Seedfc men and Planters to fet it forward, as I trull in God it will haite, feeing it hath already had many right Honourable and worthy Fathers to commend it. And although that fithence I prefumed to write this Difcourfe,I haue bin often vpon diuers occafi- ©ns dishartned from proceeding herein- Yct j when I did remember Columbus his good indeuors,that • firft & patient Difcouercr of the Weil /^w,whom, if God had not haitcncd him on with a .worthy mind, & a bofom armed for all the ftormes of erode fortunes,he had nctier finiihedthat Honourable at¬ tempt for hading fuch anhappie bufmeffe out: the which fmingtht Commodities thereof. which Difcouery of his* hath euer fince filled the Spanifli cofers with gold andfiluer, and made that Nation Lords of the greateft riches vndcr the Sunne : and although that attempt ofhis> was held at firft impomble tocomevnto any good effedt, and Columbus laught at by fome : yet euer fithence, by his attempt,I may fay, that Smm hath had from thence to helpe furnilh o- ther Ghriftian Kingdomes with gold, - filuerand diuers-'other great riches- and alfo now to that countrey fodilcouered, thole commodities that great Brittme may yeerely well fpare, and o- ther Countries-alfo, are the better vented : and fo likewife, may the New-found-land and the parts of <^«eMV»yneere thereunto, prouealfobenefici- all for diuers trades in little time,vnto all your Ma- iefties-other Kingdomes. , Thcfe good motiues confidcred ,, what great good comes vnto Ghriftian Kingdomes, by For- raine Plantations, and what infinite wealth is yeerely brought from the Weft Indies into Sp.iine t as Ihaue there often feene landed 5 doe put mee in great hope, that if there bee an orderly Plan¬ tation fettled in New-found-land^ the trade to that Countrey by your Maiefties Subiedls -, and other places thereby, may yeerely be fo beneficiall to your Maieftie and: your Highnefle other King- domes,as the Weft Indies are now yeerely worth to theKingofS’/w/tf. Now hauim* thus commended the C’ountrey of New-found land, in my opinion, it ought not to bee one of the leaft motiues, whereby to further this Plantation, the fetting of fome better order and gouerne- | . $4 ADifcMuy of Nevt-foUnd-Und, gouemement -amongft the Filhermen, and all-o¬ thers ofour Nation that'yeerely trade therc,then now there is-* fothat there may be a reformation of fiich abufes as are there yeerely committed- wherein it is well knowne, that I haue already vfed mybeft endeuors, when.in the ycere 1615. at which time I hada CommifiGon with me for that purpofe vrider the broade Seale of the Admiralty, and did then therewith fet forth, to follow that feruicefromthe Port ofExceter, in the County ofpeuon,on the it. day of May. 1615. in a Barke * yidtialled and manned at my owne expence of j time and tharge, and l did then arriue at the Coaft 1 0 f Nm.fottnd-Und, in the Bay of Trinity, vpon Tri- faufJmsi n Sunda y> being f ^ e 4 - °f inne, 'and anchored mpantiiedbtl ^ fame dayinthc faid Harbour of Trinity 5 and itw-fmd-! there, in the name ofthe holy and indiuiduall Tri- w nity,began,to the vfe of your moft Sacred Maieftie, byvertueof thatCommiflion,to fend forth a Pre¬ cept, to call the Mafters ofthofcEnglifo fhips,thit were then there riding at Anchor,and alfo the Ma¬ fters of fome other Englifii Ihips that were neere thereunto, and fo began to hold the firft Court of Admiralty in your Maicfties name,that euer was (as I beleeue) holden in that Countrcy, to the vfe of any Chriftian Prince, and proceeded therein according to courfe of Law, as the tenor ofmyCommiflion did warrant mee therein - and alfo in other Harbors of the faid Coaft I did the like; Part of which abufes there committed,I haue already touched: fo fikewife I will briefly infert a part of the feuerall prcfentriients of fuch iniuries, that were then deliuered vnto me, as aforefaid, vn- tfder JhtmBg the Ctmmodities thereof. £5 der the hands and fcales of thofe 170. Matters of Engliih Ships, tothevfeof your Maicftywhich prefcntments were,vpon my returne from the faid voyage, deliuered by me into your Maiefties high Court of the Admiralty,and then by thofe Matters of lhips there impannelled, fueh abufes as follow, they did acknowledge, and order, that henceforth with your Maiefties allowance might be redreffed, &c. Firft, they did all acknowledge, that there is but -1. little difference ofdaics obferued amongft the Fhh- jj M ennen ; fomc men prefuming to goe to Sea, and to 2 . fifh with hooke and line, vpon the Sabbath day, as vfually as vpon the weeke daycs. Secondly, that diuers of our Nation doe take in- to their fliips very great ftones, to prelfe their dry fifh withall; which worke being done, they caft thofe ftones into the Harbors where their fhips vfe to ride at anchor ; which will vtterly fpoilc the Roadesand Harbors in that Countrey, and bee to the indangering of Ships and Cables, yea and mens Hues alfo,if it be not reformed in time. There are many men ycerely, who vnlawfully 3 ’ conuey away other mens filhing boates, from the Harbour and place where they were left the yeerc before in that Countrey • and fome cut out the markesof them; and fome others rippe and carry away the pieces of them, to the great preiudicc and hindrance of the voyages of fuch fhips that depend on fuch filhing boates, andalfo to the true Owners of fuch boates. There are fome men,who arriuing there firft into 4, a Harbour, doe rippe and pull downe Stages , that _ M' , were 1 66 A T^tfcoWrfof^w'~foufid.Urid\ j were left Handing for the fplitting andfalring of ft,'ll the y eere before ; and other Stages fome men haue ; let on fire: which is a great hindrance to the voya¬ ges of fuch men asarenot therewith the firftin the Harbour, for that they mud thenfpend 20. dayes time and more,for prepai ing new Stages,and fitting new Pinnaces, and other neceflary things, in euery voyage before they be fettled to fifh.. iv.,.- ' There are alfo fome,who arriuuig firftin Harbor* ; take away other mens Salt that they had left there ; the yeerebefore, and alfo rip and fpoile the Fats . i wherein they make their Traine oyle, and fome teare downe Flakes,whereon menyeerely dry their fifli, to the great hurt and hindrance of many other that come after them. 5. Some men dikewife- fteale away the bait out of other mens Nets by night,and alfo out of their fifh- ing boates by their (hips fide,whereby their fifhing, from whom it is fo taken , is ouerthrowne for the next day. 7. They did acknowledge , that- fome men take vp more roome then they neede, oris fitting to dry their fifh on, whereby other mens voyages are of¬ tentimes greatly hindered-: S. They alfo found, that diuers of your Maiefties fubie&s haue come to that Coaft,in fifhing voyages in (hips not appertaining, to any of your Maiefties fubiedts, which they concerned worthy of punifh- ment,and reformation. - They did acknowledge,that fome men rip , and . takeaway Timber and Rayles from.Stages, andor .: ther nccelTary roomcs,thar are faftenr.d with nailes, Spike or Trey naile andfome men takeaway the Rindes, , jbewugthe Commodities thereof* 6y Rindcs & T urfe whcrwith diaers neceftary room-s are fitly couered for fcruiceable vfes, and likewife rake away Srakes that are fattened in the ground withRaylcson them, whereupon men vfero dry their fifli - and that fomefet the (landing Woods in the Countrey on fire, which haue in little time burned many thoufand acres 5 and that there are fome which yecrely takeaway other mens Traync oy le there by night 5 which they concerned worthy of reformation. They found, that diuers idle perfons,which were 1 °* hired for thofe voyages, when they come thither, notwithftanding that they were ftill in health, would not worke, and were fo lazy and idle, that their worke was to little purpofe: which was wor¬ thy of punifliment. Againft all thefe great abufes, and diuers others • j i. committed in the faid New-found-land (which they didfet downe in their fcuerall prefcntments, as by them it may at large appeare, they did all condc- fcend,and order from that time thenceforth-that no lubied to your Maiefty fliould commit any more fuch abufes in that Countrey: which may bee very ■wel remedied,feeing they tend to the aduancement of the Trade, and quietnesamongft the Fifhermen, and to the glory of God, the honour and good of your Maiefty,and the gencra&bcncfit of the Com¬ mon-wealth. ' - ' • , They did fiirther prefent to the vfe of the Lord \ 12. Admirall of England , two fmall Boates, An- | chors, and - a fmalL Grapple, that Were 1 found in \ the Sea vpon that Coaft, which were there pri- J zed to bee worth two (hillings fixepence apiece, J .. M2 amoun- j 69 ADifciutrf cfNw-fiuncUatitl, amounting to feuen (hillings (ixepence. Novv hauing laid open how commodious and beneficiall it will bee to your Maieftie and King- domes, to fettle a Plantation in the Nen>-ftur>d-land y and. alfo made knownefomevnfitcourfes that arc yecrely vied by fome Fiflicr-men that aducnture there: and likewife (hewed a part of fome great wrongs that haue becne committed there by Pirats and fome erring fubie&s j and alfo touched a little, that there haue not bcenc fuch fit courfes taken by fome of thofe that haue beene imployed to that Countrey. in the Plantation already there begunne, as they mould haue done, by reafon whereof it is to bee feared, that fome of thofe Honourable, and other right Worfhipfull perfons that vndertake the (ame, and that haue beene at fome great charge therein, feeing their good indcuours and charge take no better fucccfle, they may waxecold and weary in disburfing more thereunto ,, and jfo by their remifleneffe the Plantation might beegiuen ouer, and the Countrey left to the fpoile and vfur- pation of fome other Prince that may vndertake the fame, and then rcapethe harueftof yourMa- iefties Subie<$s laboursthat (hall then trade to that Gountrey,&c. And therefore (hewing how it may be prouiaed for by your Maiefty, and all thofe wrongs henceforth remediedjhe thatis in fault may (peake for himfelfe. Now I fuppofe,that fome,who mayiinde themfelues a little touched heerein, may notonelyenuy mee, for laying open that which 1 hate j whereby to preuent fuch further dangers and inconueniencies in that Countrey, and to further filch* worthy worke: and therefore I may bee vn- jhrnng the CmmMtiet thereof. 69 , inftly taxed, as many worthy men hauc beenc, for well doing; For although I baue by Pyrats, and 0- ther crofles receiued great Ioffes, yet doe I ackno w- ledgemyfelfe much bound to God my Creator, whoTiath preferued mee from many dangers in my time,and alwayes (praifed be God)fafely to returnc with my /hip,goods and men wherein I was 5 1 doc alfomoft humblygiue God the pra'fc, that I am now fo happily ariued with this my plainc and true Difcouery,vntotheviewof your moft Sacred Ma- ieftie, ana the right Honourable Lords of your Ma* iefties moft Honourable Priyie Counceli, and my Countrey, whereby to fhewwhat in all likelihood the effed of a Plantation will there produce • v/ing ■ alio many arguments, motiues and inducements to perfwadc a generall willingneflc thereunto. And thefe excellent benefits diftribute them- felues, betweene your Maicfty and your Subicds: your Highneftc part will bee the Honour of the GosdftreS. A&ionjihe accefle of T crritory,increafe offtrength and power, aduantage againft other Princes, aug¬ mentation of Reucncw, and eafe of your Maiefties Kingdomes,&c. The Subie&s part will be the bet¬ tering and fecuring of their Trade • inriching of themfelues ; reliefc of other Trades • and a meanes . of further Difcoueries. But thefe two haue a relation and dependcncie the one on the other, that neither can fubfift with¬ out the other $ I will not therefore diuideyour Ma- reftie from your Subieds; your Highnefle profpe- rity being their happineffe 5 and their wealth, your Maiefties riches. The firft thing which is to bee hoped for,' and __ ' . U ~ « • • 70 A-Difmeryof New-found-land, which hath euer bcene your Makfties principal care, .is the propagation of the Chriftian Faith : and JnftMs brnpht by thatmeanes oncly, the poore vnbeleeuing Inha- Bolles, Buckets, and Funnels——- Two brazen Crocks——— Canuafc to make boate failes, and ; fmall ropes fitting for them; at' .> 2 5«sfbr each faile———— , ; thouf4ndr——■— Foure thoufand nayles li. s. d. 000 02 0 OOO 02 6 000 02 0 002 10 0 IO4 00 0 002 10 0 000 10 0 f 002 . od ri f Ships frouvEngland only>with aboue jooo.Eng- lilh men in them,by whofc labours,there is yeerely gotte into this Kingdom,aboue the fum of 13 ? 000 Hand alfothcrby many families fet on worke and relieued:then it may be well vnderftood, what a great benefit and ftrength it will be, when there lhal faile thither 5 oo.faile ofIhips, & aboue 10000. feruiceable Subiefts inthcm,whichwill be able to gaine, with the help offiich numbers of other men, Women,& children,as may yeerly be fo commodi- oully carried thither in few yeercs, when the Sub¬ lets are made acquainted with fuch an orderly to d kii (Maiejlies SkbieUsi . 107 courfe,as may be taken for the aduancemcnt of the faid Plantation. - Whereby there may be thus yeerely gotten,not- only much wealth, but alio great ftrcngth againft fuch time, as any Prince fliould breake league with his Maieftie,that then to haue in fuch readines 700. jfailc of his Subie&s Ships, fo ready to come from thence,with more then ioooo.feruiceablc lea-men in them,in lclfe time then 15 .dayes warning, if the wind ferue, which is fo Ihort a time, as Saylers may be preft in fome part of this Kingdome, and be able to come from thence vnto his Maicftics Nauy RoyallatChattam, vpon anyoccalionof feruice. The like ftrengthby Sea,there is not any other Prince in the world able to call home vnto him in fo Ihort a timeof his owne fubie&s, from any one place of trading,if he haue neuer fo great occalion. Thus,Godblelfing the faid Trade and Plantati¬ on^ will be,not only a great augmentation to his Maieftie in his rcuenues and cuftomes,but alfo a ge- nerall good vnto all his HighnelTe Kingdomes and Subiefts,bothin inriching of aduenturers in parti¬ cular, & alfo in lengthening the wall of defence, which God hath fet about our natiue neft, Great J?rr//rfW,namely,Nauigation, which muft needs be much cherilhed and fumifliedby this Seminary of Filhers,implpyed in fuch Colonies,and out ofthat lhoale,willbealwaiesin readines and of ability to be tranllated higher,from fifhing velTels, into fight¬ ing Ships Royall • and fo are alwayes vfefull for peace or warre, merchandize or defence, as the occafions of our eftate and welfare Ihall require. R. W. Rs ifcoueriescontainedtherin,andfuchgeod appro¬ bation^ ithathreceiued, whichgiues me cuenan ajfurance,it wilalfo rectiue good acceptance fro all hie Maieflies well- ajfeBed SubieBs-, when it (ball beprefented vntoyou,and if it dofo appeare vnto me, I}hall fa the fatterincouraged to fet forth,what Ihdue taken mo tines of, in my trauels to that Countrey, concerning the fetter all depthf of fhe water,anddiuerftiesof the ground in euerj fetter all depth that hath come in theTallo,on the end of the Leade,whenit hath faen caf into the Sea, which l conceiueto bee neceffary for thofe that fall henceforth trade thither, bccaufeasyetjno man, to my know¬ ledge,hath vndertaken fo to doc: and whenfoeuer itmaypleafe his dWaiejlyjor the State fallfeemegood to command meffad fa ready with my life and rheanes to make a perfetl difeouerydnd defcription of the fetter all Head-land's, Bayes, Harbours, and Koadsjor Ships to anchor, as alfo the Hands,Rock.es and Shelues roundafauttheNevt-(o\iniLnn &; which atyeM man hath done: neither aire there (I fuppofe ) but few men lining if his MaieBies SubieBs, that did at any time, fade round about the Land, TheConclufibn. Zand,betweene the Continent af America and that, whereby to fet forth a true (JWap of that (fountrey, which asyet there « not, butimaginarily, bccaufe fuch at haue vfflally trauelled there, haue alwayes made their Voyages in the Harbours and Roads on the Eafi,and Southmofl parts of that land, but neueronthe Wtfl and North parts thereof ; and fo by fuch an imployntent, (which may be wellpofermedwitb a vtry fmallcharge) there is no doubt,but that fome other good difeoueries of trade may. bee made infome other parts of that Countrey, and alfo with the na r tiues there ; not only with thofe which Hue in the North and tVcfl- mofi parts of the New-found-land, but alfo withthefe which border in the maine Continent of America, neere thereunto. For. it is wellknowne, that they are a very ingenious and fubtill kinds of people (as it hath often appeared in diuers things) fo like - wife are they traElable, as hath becnewcll approoued, when they haue beene gently and politickly dealt withall: alfo they are a people that will feeke to reutnge any wrongs done v»r to them, or their Woolues, as hath often appeared. For they marks their Woolues in the Barts with feuerall market, as isvfedhereinEnghad onSheepe, and other beafts, which hath been likgwife wellapprmd ; for the Woolues in thofe parts are not fo violent and deuowring as Woolues are in other Countries . For no man that leuer heardof, could fay,that anyWoolfe, Leopard, ’Bears,or any other be offs did euerfet vpon any man or boy intie New-found-land, although diuers times fome menhauebeenby themfelues in the Wbodt, when they kauefuddenly come neere vn? to them,andtkofcBcafisha«eprefcntly. vpon fight of any Chri- flianfpeedily runne from them. Neither are there any Snakst, Toads, Serpents, or any other vemmous Wormes, that suer were knowne to hurt any man in that (fountrey, but onely a very little nimble, fly,(the leaf of all ether Flies) which is called a Muf- keitoi.'thofe Flics feeme tobauea great power and authority vpon allloyteringandidle people that come to the Ncw-foun'd- land :for they haue this property, thatwhen they finds any fitch lying lazily,orfleeping in the Woods, they willprefently bee more nimble tofeize bn them, then any Sergeant will bcetp.arreft;* man for debt: Neither will they leans flinging or fucking out R 3 ' the ThcConclufibii. the blood of fitch {laggards, vntitt, like a Beadle, they bring him to his Maficr , vrhere hee Jhould l.beur : in which time of hyterir.g, thofe flies will fo brandfuck idle per font in their fae¬ ces that they may be kytownefrom others, as the Tierkes doe their . fanes. Now it may be wed vnderflood] there is great hope that thofe parts of the world widyeeld feuerad commodities of exceeding worth,whereon diners good employments may bee made for great nmbersofhis Maiefties SubitUs. For it is wellknowne, that the Notifies ofthofe parts haste greatftore of red Okar, wherewith they vfe to colour their bo dies,Bowes, Arrernes and Cannowet, in a painting manner; which Cannowet are their Boats, that they •vfe to goe to Sea in,whicharebHiltin fiape like the Wherries on theBiucr of Thames,with [mall timbers,no thicker nor broader thenhoopes;andinfieadaf boards, they vfe the barkes of Birch trees, which they few very artificially and clofit together, and then ouer lay the feames with Turpentine,as Titch is vfed on the feametof Ships,andBoats: Andintikg manner they vfe to few the barkes ofSpruife and Firretrees, round and deepe in propor¬ tion,like a Brajfe Kettle,to boyle their meat in, as it hath been wellappreonedby dinerjmen;butmoflefpecially to my certaine knowledge, by three Mariners of a Ship if Tty&m,intbe Coun¬ ty of Devon; whichShipridirtgthere at Anchorneere by me, dt the Harbour calledtieitts-czk, on the North fide of Trinity Bay, and being robbed in the night,by the Sanages,of their oppa* red, and diners other pronifions, did the next day feekg after them,and happened to come fuddenly where they had fetvp three Tents, andwerefeajhngfauing three fuch Cannowet by the, and three Tots made offuch rinds of trees, fiandingeach of them on threefionet,boyling,Withtwelue Fowles in each of them, euery Fowle as bigas a Widgeon,andfomefo big as a Ducke: they had alfo many fuch Pots fofewed/mdfdfiioned like leather ‘ Buckets f that are vfedfor tjutnehing off remand thofe ware fud of the jolkps of Egges, that they had taken and boyled hard, and fo dryedfmauasithadbeen powder-Sugar, which theSauagesv- fed in their "Sr6th,as Sugar is often vfod in fdme mates. They TheConctofion. hadgreat flare of the skins of Deere, Beauers, Scares,Seales, Otters, and Suers other fine skins, which were excellent well Are fed ; as alfo great fore offetter allforts offlefi drjed, and by Jbooting off a Musket towards them, they all ran away naked, without any appitrell, best onely Conte of them h.td their kitt en their heads,which were made ef Seale skinnes, in fajl/m like our bats, fbwed handfomely,with narrow hands about themfet round withfne white fbels, All their three Cannowes, their fleflj, skim, ytikes of Egges,Targets, Bowes and Arrowes, and much fine Okar,and sUtters ether things they tooke and brought away, and [bared it among thofe that tooke it ; and they brought to mee the heft Cannow, Bowes and Arrowes , and diuers of their skins, and maty other artificial!things worth the noting, which may feemt much to inuite vs to indeuour to finds out feme other good trades with them. New alfo I will not omit to relatefame thing of a ft range Crea- ture,which Ifirfifaw there in theyeert 1610. in a morning early, _ as 1 was [landing by the Riuer fide, in the Harbour of Saint Iohns, which very fwiftly came fwimmingtoveards mee, looking cheerfully on myface,as it hadbeen a woman: by the face, eyes, nofe,mouth,chin,eates,nccke, and forehead, it feemedtebttfo beauiifull,andin thofe parts fowell proportioned, baaing round > aboutthe head many blue fir cakes, refcmbling haire, but cer¬ tainly it was no haire,yet 1 beheld it long, and another of mj com-' party alfo yet liusng,that was not then farre from mee, [aw the fame cammingfofwifily towards me:at which Ifieppedback;-, for it was com: within thelengthof a long Pike, fuppofing it would haue [prang aland to mee, becaufe I had often feene huge Whales to fpringagreat height aboue the water, as diuers other great Fifhts doe ; andfo might this firange Creature doe to mee, if Ihadjloodjlillwhere 1wm,osI verily belecue it had fitch a purpofe. But when it (aw that I went from it, it did thereupon diue a littlevndrrthe water,and(warn towards the place where a little before l landed, and it did often look; backe towards mee- wherby l beheld the (boulders & backjo wn to the middle, to be fo Jqttare, white and/mooth as the backe of a man ; and from the middle t The Conclufion. middle to the hinderpart, itwaspoyntingin proponionfamething like a broad hooked Arrow: how it was in the forepart from the necks andjhoulders , I amid not well difeernefbut it came- Shortly after, to a Boat in the fame Harbour (wherein one William Hawkridge then mj[truant was,) that hath been fince a Cap- taine in a Shipyo the Eaft Indies, and is lately there fo imployed againe\ and the fame Creature did put both his hands.vpon thefdeoftheBoat, anddidfiriuemuch to come in to him, and diners then in the fame "Boat ; whereat they were afraid, undone ofthemflrtickcit afullblow on the head, whereby it fell off from them: and afterwards it came to two other Boates in the [aid Harbour,where they lay by theJbore: the men in them, farfeare fed to landandbeheld kflhisf Ifuppofa) was a OMaremaid, or Mar man. Now bccatsfc diners hane writ much of Maremaids, Jhdue prefamedto relate what is mofi certaine,offuch aftrange Creature that was thus thenfeene at New-found-land, whether itwerea Maremaidorno , lleaueit for ethers to iudge:Atsdfo referrejou to the perufalloftheCopies ofthofe LettersfolUmng , which katsebeenlately (tut from the New-found-land, which I doubt pot but they will alfagueyou fame fttisfaftion of what I hauewrittenofabat Countrey,whereby to bring you the more tn latte tot he imbracing of a ‘Plantation in that Countrey, which ■maty bt welt fiileda Sifter^Land-,which God grant to. blejfe>and. ■ profper,&c t TL W. A Letter from Captaine SdtoardWytme>Go- uernourof the Colony at Ferryland, within the Prouincc of Aualon, in Newfound-land,vnto the Right Honourable Sir George Calvert Knight:, his Maieftics Principall Secre¬ tary. Iuly 152 2. iM/ty it fkafeyour Honour: V Pon the ly.day of May,I receiued here your Letters of the i j>.of February fronuhe handsofT^rrJYo- tting. Vpon the z 6 . of the fame, a (hip of Matter Iemins, with your people and proutfion, arriued here in fafety: and from the bands of Captaine ‘Powell I re¬ ceiued then your Honours Letters of the 14. of March. And vpon the latt of Iune Matter lames came hither, from Rc- □ouze,and the Salt-maker Matter John Hickson ; from whofe hands I receiued two Letters more: that by Matter lames be¬ ing of the 4. of May ,and the other by Hickson of the 10. of the fame* All thefe being receiued by me, with an humble and a mott thankefull hand,firft, vnto God for your Honors health, and next,toyour Honour for your continuall fauour towards mCjbefeeching the fame Almighty God, long and long to continueyour health, to the aduancement of his glory, both here,at home and clfc- where :I mott humbly pray you to buildvponrtiydutifullcare and diligence, inthefccting for¬ wards and following of your Honours bufincire,eucn to your belt aduantage, and aduancement of the vvorke, and alfo that S Khali 2 I (hall bee a dutiful! obfcruer of your pleafure and comman- dement. And fo with the like humility, I doe prefent your Honour with the good tydings of all our healths, fafety and good fuc- ceflc in our proccedings(Gods holy Name be praifd for it.)It followeth now(as my duty requireth)that I render vnto your Honour a due account of what hath becne done by vs here this yeere, and of all things elfe, which appertains vnto me to doe. This was the Therefore it may pjeafe your Honour, that as foone as I laft letter lent had deliuered my laft Letterscfthe y. of September,I imme- the* wf'b' d cth^t.vWe«fcnwueratthc foft. \-' • -.Theftodes'i kcrnfclsaitd kak-th&v Sttning broughtmee, were put.into tfje ground prefebtlyafter hisarriual,the which . are already of* jttcttygtowtb,though late &t ; for they came iomy handsblitV^ohthcjy. of-May. r The . TheVtoestbatcame from ¥&wmmh % doe ptofpertoy well: nay, it is to be affured, that any thing that grovresin Enplttnd, will grow and profper very well here: whereby it plpinely appeares vnto your Honour, what manner of Conn- tiey thcfameis. Therefore it may plcafe you to giue.credit vntQho man that (hall feeme to vrge the contrary. And for my part, feeing that by the prouidence of God and your Ho- npfusnieercfauour towards me,this imploymenc is falneto my Jot, I trull that neither Gods gracein me, nor the experi¬ ence that Ihauegainedby thcttauels ofmyyouthjWill fiif- . fer roe to wrong your Honour. Farrfcbeitfrom meeto goe aboutto betray you and my .Countrey,.-as. others haue done that hauebeeneiroployed in the like trull. Itruftalfo, that what 1 haue yndenaken either by word or writing,will bee • found the Chara&ers ofatnieand zealous minde, wholy de¬ noted vnto your Honours feruice, the good of my poore di- ftreffed Countrimcn, and totheaduancementofGods glory. Itmaypleafeyour Honour to vnderftand, that our Salt- maker hath performed his part with a great deale of fufficien- cy, by whom I haue fent your Honour a barrell of the bed Saltthat euer my eyes beheld, who with better fettling doth. vnderrake to better this,which hee hath made already. I (lndi humbly alfo defire you to remember my laft yeeres fuit, that • our .delicate Harbours and Woods may not lie altogether do* . ftrpycd. For therehauebeene rinded thisyeere not fo few as 50000. trees, and they hcaoe out ba&aft into the Harbors, . though! looke on. It may likewife plcafe your Honour to glue expreffeorder; Krft,that fuch as be fent hither hereafter,may be fuch men as (ball be of good .ftrength whereof wee ftandinneedoffixe Mffbns, fboreCarpentcrs, two or three good Quarry men, a Slator or two* %Lyme-bumer,,~and lymeftones,,* good otundey of hard laths, a coupleofArong maids, that(be- hd*s other works) can both brew and bike* and to furnilh ■' y*withwheeles,hempe,8cflaxe,andaconuenientnumber of Wcfboountry labourers to fitthe ground for the Plough. Secondly, that nojnore boyes and gixlts be few hither, I racaoc,, 11 meanc, vpon your Honours charge nor, any other perfona which haue not bcene brought vp to labour: for they arevo* fit for thcfe affaires. Thirdly, your Honour ofnertflityrauft fend foroi Gunnes and a Gunner with his neceflaries: for the place and time doe require it. It is a durable Chattcl;they will command the Har¬ boured fecureall. Wee (land alfo in need of another brewing Copper, fome Clap-boords,moreIron and ftcele, brick, fome Lime, and Tiles for a beginning, wbileft the Slate-ciuarry is in fitting. A compleat Magazine of all things will be neceflary with viftualsjlinnen,woollen for apparell and*cdding.with better couerleds, foooes of wet leather,Irifh-llockins, coorfe knit- hofe, cootfe ticks,good flocks in caske, and in ftead of cloth, coorfe mingled kerties, and nocanuaft fuits, nor any ready made : But otherwife it may pleafe yonr Honour to fend Taylors,fuch aswillhelpe to gard the place, and doe other things. The like of other Trades-men.andall to befurnifoed out of the Magazine,vpon account. I went to Formoufe and Ttyouze, vpon the fourth of this moneth, to buy fait for your Honour againft the nextyeere, becaufe it is fo deare \n Englandfic. that which is now bought for the next yeeres fifoing,amountsto the number of i8d. hogs-heads. It may ploafe your Honour,thatanothcr Ironmill,and two Bridewell mils maybefent hither,and then our bread-come maybefent vnground : and if atany timeitfoould happen to take wet, it may be dryed againe. W e wanta doozen ofleathcr buckets, aGhzicr,fome glew, : rats-bane,two fowling pecccs of fixe foote in the barrell, and one offeuen foote, with a-mould to caft foot of feuerall fizes 'forfowKng. Thelaftycerel foewed your Honour of much courtefie receiued from fundty Maftcrsimany this yeere haue done the like, though fome hkee not our flourifoing beginning and prosperity. Hawfoeuer, Ihaucproccedcd with a great deale of care andrefpeft vnto yourHonours comraandetnents, to T» Yfe ^nncs j forthc time requires Andfol cpnclMdc^teftipg ^ ' ' ; • ToutHonours mojl- bum- ' ’ ; ' ' hlejhankefull andfaith- . fullfermty. Femlandiy.. Auguihifoa. , " ' v H^vv a.rd W y hne. The names of all thofe that ftay with ; , . methisyeere.. CaptainePovoell, - Nicholas Hoskins,. Robert Stoning, Roger Flejhman ,' Chirurgion. Henry Dring, Husbandman. • OmnEuans, xjkary RujfeU, SibellDee,va 2 xdc. f“ ra< -}G,les. James Beuell ? Stone-layer. . Henry poke, Boats-mafter. William Sharp ns. Tailor. EliZiSharpttS} his wife. lohnBaylj.: K^inneBayly Jiis wife. Widdow Bayly. lofeph Parfcer, Robert Row, Fi/herman. Philip Jane, Cooper... William Bond, y VBoats-mafters, Peter Wotton, j Ellis Hinckfon. 1 Beniamin Hacker, Quarry-man. DigoryFlefbman. >B oyes. 2 %ich, Hinckfon.Tl. ^ Richard Higgins, J Robert Bennet,. . > Carpenters. WifimHatck, h In all 32. Ilooke for aMafon 5 andonemoreoutof the.. Bay of Conception. . tA Copy of a LettorfrwN.M** Gwtkwh fa uingAt Ferry land in New-found-land, to\ dloortky friend W*P* of the 18. oftAugufc \ 6 zz. ■■ : • 1 SIR, M Y humble feruice remembred; accounting my. fclfcbound vnto you in a double bond, namely, louc,and duty: I could not bee vnmindfull to (hew the fame vnto you in thefe rude lines, thereby to acquaint you with our health, the temperature of our Coun¬ trey,and the commodities and blcffines therein. Andfirft/fbr the firft: Concerning our health, there is not any man a- mongft our company,that hath beene fick'e fcarcely one day li*Cc he came, but hath been able to follow his workc.'. Thfe Climate differs bnt little from England, and I my felfefelc leffe cold hecrc this Winter, then I did in England the Win¬ ter before,by much.The ayreis fweeter: for Irieuerimelt any euill fauour in the Countrey, norffiw any venomous creature to hurt me. Gods bleflings vpon this Land are manifold s As forWood and Water, England: the or,c moft fwcet in growing and burning,the other moft plcafant to tafte, and’ good to drinke. For in tne Whicfon-holidayes (I taking with meMafter Jrww^ didcoaft fomc ten miles into the.Couiv. trey. Weftward from our Plantation, to make fo.me difcduciy^ of the Countrey,and to kill a Deere; and being fomey,miles' into the Land,where wee lodged that night in a Wood, ‘ wee found much Champion ground, and good leuelsof one,two, three or fourchiindrcd Acres together,and at the foot of each Moutjtainc and fmall hill, wee alwayes ifiet with a faire frcffl Riuer,orafwect brookeof running water 1 ,whereof we free-, lydrankc, and it did quench my third as well asanyBrere,! and much refrefli vs both,and neuer offended our ftopnackes at all.’ Wee trauelled three dayes, but found no Deere fatie their footings, which came to pa(Tc by meancs of a greit fire’ T’3 , "that • the Winds'a little before, ten irifty ebrn- p^fle.ltbeganbctweene Ttmonfe and Aqunfort: itburncd a wceke,and then was quenched by a great rainc. 1 know not who,or what he was that gauc fire to it, but I thinke he was a feruant hired by the diuell to doe that wic¬ ked deed, who (I doe not doubt) will pay him for his workc. In the night,the Woolues being ncere,did fomething affright YS with their howlings, but did not hurt vs :.for wee had dogs,firc and fword to welcome them. AsfortheB«ares„al- : though there b'e many.they bearevs noill will, I thinkcjorl , haue eaten my part or two or three, and taken no hurt by them. Foxes heere are many,and as fubtill as a Fox, yet haue wecoozcnedmany of them of their rich coates, which our worthy Gouemour keepes carefully, as alio of Cattagena’s and Otters, whofecouerings wee prefenie as fitting prefents for greater perfons. ThcFowlcs and Birds of the Land are Partriges,CutIues, Fillidayes, Black-birds,Bulfinches,Larks, Sparrowes,and fuch like. Thofe of the Sea.are Goofe,Ducks or foure forts, Capderace, Tealc, Snipes,Penguyns,Murre$, Hounds, Sanderlins, Redlhankes and others; all very fat, fWeetandwholefome.ThcFowlesof prey,arc Tercels,Gof- hawkes, Falcons, Laners, Sparhawkes, -Gripes, Ofprcis, Owles great and fmall, Rauens, Gulls, Pitterils,and lomco- thers; and of moft of thefe forts I haue killed many. As for tbepledty ofCodfiih,itis well knownc vnto you. Salmons, EeTeS, Mackarell,Herrings, Lance, Caplin, Dogfifli,Holli- buts,Flowkes, Lobfters, Crabs andMuskles: All, and more then all thefe are here in great plenty, very good and fwcet meat, the wildefiuit and Betties,are fmalIPcarcs, Cherries, Nuts,Resberries,Strawbcrries,Barberries,De wherries, Hur- debcrnes,with others, allgood to cate.Alany faire Flowers Ihape feene heere, which I cannot name, although I had learned Gerrardt Herball by heart. But wildc Rofcs are heere both red and damaskc, as fragrant and faire as in England. All our Cjarric and feeds haue profpered well, and are alrea¬ dy grdwpealmoRtoperfedtmaturity.What (hall I fay? To Uythatl know not, Idareuot. Thus much I know, as an eye- i S £y&»wStfieffe,and much more good the Country doth or©^ mifetofhmme ; the which, when I fee you, my hearts'll all command my tongue to ccrtifie you. Our Gouernours let= aers (I doubt not) will bring you newes at large 5 1 wrote bug ahis in hafte, to fatisfiemy felfe,and fhew my duty, defiring you to looke therow it,as thorow a profpe$iue glaffe, whe?= in you may difccme a farre off, what Ihauefeencneerehand, : and fee chat your poore wdl-widhing friend is aliue, and sij good health at Fenjkad ,who in theloweR Rep ofduty takes his Seaue, with prayers for your preferusdosi, and will su® retrain^- 7m‘fimMeeks -