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AUTHOR: 
 
 BRIDGEWATER, FRANCIS 
 HENRY EGERTON 
 
 TITLE: 
 
 NUMBERS IX, X, XI, XII, XIII 
 OF ADDENDA... 
 
 PLACE: 
 
 OXFORD 
 
 DA TE : 
 
 1796 
 
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 
 PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT 
 
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 Original Material as Filn^ed - Existing Bibliographic Record 
 
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 Bridgewater, Franois Henry Sgorton, 8th earl of 
 1766-1829 • i ' 
 
 Numbers IX, X, XI, XII, XIII of addenda and 
 corrigenda to the edition of the Hippolytus 
 StophanephoroB of Euripides, by the Honourable 
 Francis Henry Egerton .., Oxford, Clarendon 
 press, 1796« 
 
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ik^r^^i /A 
 
 /^^i^/^^i^i^t/ 
 
 ^^'^z^^^-i^^y* 
 
 N U xM B E R S 
 
 IX. X. XL XIL XIIL G^v)IIX>7 
 
 OF 
 
 ADDENDA and CORRIGENDA 
 
 TO THE EDITIOIS^ OF THE 
 
 HIPPOLYTUS STEPHANJ&PHOROS of EURIPIDES 
 
 >*l III fWlll— — *— M— *»*«>i— M» 
 
 BY THE HONOURABLE 
 
 FRANCIS HENRY EGERTON, 
 
 etc, etc, etc. 
 
 H ■■ ml I I II I f 
 
 PRINTED, IN QUARTO, 1796^ 
 
 AT THE CLARENDON PRESS, OXFORD. 
 
 ^.. 
 
 4. 
 
 
 ///i 
 
Number IX. of 
 ADDENDA A^D CORRIGENDA 
 
 TO THE EDITION OF THE 
 
 HIPPOLYTUS STEPHANEPHOROS of EURIPIDES 
 
 BY THE HONOURABLE 
 
 FRANCIS HENRY EGERTON, 
 
 etc. etc. etc. 
 PRINTED, IN QUARTO, 179G, ^ 
 
 AT THE CLARENDON PRESS, OXFORD. 
 
 Cod. I. 
 
 SYLLABUS 
 
 CODD. MANUSCRIPTORUM 
 
 BIBLIOTH. MEDIC. LAURENT. 
 IN QUIEUS EURIPIDIS DRAMATA CONTINENTtJR. 
 
 Plut. XXXI. Saec. XV ineuntis,//2^«o^ Rhesus, Iphi'geiiia in Tauris, 
 
 Iphfgenia in Aulide, Pen- 
 ♦ thens, Baccbae, Supplices, 
 
 Cyclops, Heraciidee, Her- 
 cules Furens, Helena, Ion, 
 Electra. 
 
 X 
 
 
4 
 
 ?^- Z^ P^"^- ^^^^- Saec. XV. - - . zVz ^,,o, Hecuba, Orestes, ThcBmssee. 
 
 ^^^•^ Pluf.XXXI. Seec.XlV.^^^ inquo.-Phcnissoe. 
 
 ^""^•^^ Plut.Ejiisd: Saec.XV. - - - incjuo, Hecuba, Orestes, Phcenissc^. 
 
 Cod. X VIII... Pkif.Ejusd: Saec. XV^«euntM, int^uo, Hecuba, Orestes, Phceuiss£e. 
 
 Cod. XXI. . . . Plut. Ejusd : Scec. XV.- - - in quo, Hecuba, Orestes, Pboeuissc©. 
 
 Cod.XXXIV.PIut.Ejusd:«cec.XV. -- - i«ry«o, Hecuba, Orestes, Phceaissc-e. 
 
 Cod.XXXIII.Pbit.XXXlI.Seec.XV. ... /;^^«o, Hecuba, Orestes, Pbceuissce. 
 
 Cod. XV. . . .Plut. XXXI. Saec. XIV. - - - //zry^.o,HippoIytus, Medea, Alcestis, 
 
 Andromache. 
 
 ^^^' ^ P^'^^- XXXI. Sajc. XIV. - - - in quo, Hecuba , Orestes , Medea , 
 
 Pboenissac, Alcestis, An- 
 dromache, Ilippolytus, 
 Rhesus. 
 
 Cod. XVII. . . Plut. Ejusd : Saec. XV. - - - inquo, Hecuba, Orestes. 
 
 Cod. XXV.. .Plut. Ejusd : Scec. XVI. - - - />/ y//o, Hecuba, Oresfes. 
 
 ^^^•^^ Plut. XXXILSaec. XIV. . - - //z^^o.Supph-ce.s Baccha?, Cyclops, 
 
 Herachdae, Hercules, He- 
 lena, Rhesus, Ion, Iphige- 
 Ilia in Tauris, Iphigeuia in 
 Aulide, Phedra sive Hip- 
 polytiis, Medea, Alcestis, 
 Andromache, Electra, He- 
 
 Cuba, Orestes, etPhoenissae. 
 Cod. XXI. . . .PIut.Ejusd : Saec.XVI. - - - inquo, Hecuba. 
 
 Ex quo constat Drama " Hippolytus 2T£(pai'>t(popo^" in tribus tantum Codi- 
 cibus extare, nempe in Cod. XV. . .Plut. XXXI. Scec. XIV. - et in 
 Cod. X. . .Plut. XXXI, Sa?c. XIV. — et in Cod. U. . .Plut. XXXII. 
 Saec. XIV. 
 
 Editio denique, Florentiae, apud Laurentiura Franciscum de Alopa, im- 
 pressa, 1496, quae olim in Bibliotheca Laurentiana servabatur, nunc 
 exlat in Bibliotheca Magliabechiaua. 
 
 FRANCISCUS DEL FURIA, 
 Bibliothecce Medicece Laurentiana 
 Prcejectus. 
 
 Die i3 Mens. Mali. A. D. i8i3. 
 
 Number X. of 
 ADDENDA and CORRIGENDA 
 
 ,. TO THE EDITION OF THE 
 
 HIPPOLYTUS STEPHA^EPHOROS of EURIPIDES 
 
 BY THE HONOURABLE 
 
 FRANCIS HENRY EGERTON, 
 
 etc. etc. etc. 
 PRINTED, IN QUARTO, lygg, 
 
 AT TUE CLAIIENDOA' PhESS, OXFOKD. 
 
 Inter plures, qv.[ insunt in BiUiolbecd Roghl Necipolitan<5 Euripidis 
 Cod.ces, „nus extat Cl.arlarons ,Sa?culi XV, ad Farnesianam Bibliolhecara 
 olmi peil.nens, qui scilicet banc Ilippolyli Traga-diam conli.ief. In eodem 
 quuKiue extaa. Euripidis TragcGdice; nen.po, Hecuba, Orestes, Andromache, 
 Hippolytus coronam ferens, et Phoenissce. Hippolyti quidem Hypothesis 
 eaden, prorsus est, ac iu Aldi, el Pauli Slephani Edilionibus, iisdemque verbis 
 desiuil; sed d.versa, utividefur, etreceuliori manu ea sunt addifa, qnasuppe- 
 dital EdUio Scboliorum Arseniana. Hwc auleni Hippolyti Tragoedia inter- 
 spersa est glossis aliquot interlinearibus, ef scholiis niarginalibus, quse absunt 
 quantum scam, ab editis libris ,• quceque grammaficalia aliquot, mytholoaica' 
 topograpbica,etahaidgonuscontinenf. Ad fiaem, denique, seorsimoccurrant 
 
I 
 
 / ' 
 
 Scholia lontylora, quae allquibus in locis diffenint ab lis, qucc Icgnnfnr m 
 supra-dicta Stcphaiii Editione ; turn, quia aliqua occnrrit Icchonum varietas, 
 tuni, praecipue, quia iionnulla passim subjiciuntur, qua? in iisdcm Editiouibus 
 dcsiderantur. 
 
 JOHANNES ANPRES, 
 
 Regies Neapolilanoi Bibliut/iecai 
 * Prcufectus. 
 
 Die 25 Mens. Januar. A.D. i8i3. 
 
 Number XL of 
 ADDENDA and CORRIGENDA 
 
 TO THE EDITION OF THE 
 
 lllPPOLYTUS S'lEPHANEPHOROS of EURIPIDES 
 
 BY THE HONOURABLE 
 
 FRANCIS HJINRY EGERTON, 
 
 etc. etc. 
 
 etc. 
 
 PRINTED, IN QUARTO, 1796, 
 
 AT THE CLARENDON PRESS, OXFORD. 
 
 COMMENTARY UPON THE 1453"^ VERSE, 
 
 E/T Yv dpoi'ibv ePoLifJLO(rtv ^poTc^v yivog ; 
 OP THE HIPPOLYTUS S T E P H AN E PH ORG S OF EURIPIDES. 
 
 In the edition of the Hippolytus Sre^otvyi^opoc of Euripides printed, in quarto, 
 at the Clarendon Press, Oxford, in 17965 I have proposed various readings of 
 verse 1433 : but, nevertheless, I beg leave to declare that, to my very humble 
 capacity, there appears to exist no insurmountable difficulty in that passage ; 
 and, that, the mode of sentiment and expression is analogous to that which, 
 in the Old Testament, tlie Hebrew Poet has put into the mouth of Job, chap. 
 
8 
 
 f'^'TLTV^*^"*' r"^"^' •■" '^' ''''"' Tesfament, i,, expressed in (he 
 Gospel of S,. Mafthew, chap. .6, v. Sg, aad v. 4. ; i„ ,he Gospol of S.. Mark, 
 chap. ,4, V. 3o, V. 36, and v. Sg ; and, al.o, i„ the Gospol of St. Luke, chap 
 28, V. 41, and V. 42. *^" 
 
 The reader may consnltthe original languages of ihe fhree several passages, 
 a well m the Hebrew of the book of Job. as in the Ellenistic Hebrew of St 
 Matthew, and in the Greek of St. Mark, and of St. Luke. 
 
 I have done so ; and, yet, I do not here print the original Texts : I very 
 
 much like the translations of each as rendered in the English Version of our 
 Bible : 
 
 They are as follow : 
 
 JOB, chap.- 16, v. I, and V. 21. 
 
 v. I . Then Job answered and said, 
 
 I have heard many such things : miserable comfortert 
 are ye all ! 
 
 " O ! that one might plead for a man with GOD, as a 
 " man pleadeth for his neighbour !'^ 
 
 V. 2. 
 
 V. 21. 
 
 St. MATTHEW, chap, 26, v. 39, v. 42, and 44. 
 
 V. 39. And He (J ESUS) went a little farther, and fell on his 
 face, and prayed, saying, '' O my Father, if it be 
 " possible, let this cup pass from me : nevertheless, 
 " not as I will, but as Thou wilt." 
 He went away again the second time, and prayed, 
 saying, " O my Father, if this cup may not pass 
 away from me, except I drink it, Thy will be 
 done/' 
 
 And He left them, and went away again, and prayed 
 the third time, saying " the same words/' 
 
 V. 42. 
 
 V. 44. 
 
 St. mark, chap. 14, V. 35, v. 36, and v. 39. 
 
 V. 55. And He went forward a little, and fell on the ground, 
 and prayed that, if it were possible, the hour might 
 pass from him. 
 
 And He said, " Abba, Father, all things are pos^ 
 ** sible unto Thee; take away this cup from me: 
 " nevertheless, not what I will, but what Thou 
 '' wilt." 
 
 ^ 36. 
 
 V. 39. And again He went away, and prayed, and spake 
 " tJie same words." 
 
 St. LUKE, chap. 22, v. 41, and v. 42. 
 
 V. 41. And He was withdrawn from them about a stone' 9 
 cast, and kneeled down, and prayed, 
 Saying, ^' Father, if Thou be willing, remove this cup 
 " from me : nevertheless, not my will, but Thine, 
 " be done." 
 
 V. 42. 
 
 I could adduce many other quotations bearing the same cast of thought, 
 sentiment, and expression, from Arabic, from Persian, and from other Eastern 
 Writers, and languages : I appeal to Oriental scholars, whether it is an un- 
 common mode of locution : and, I think it will not be replied to me that 
 Asiatic modes of expression and sentiment are never to be found, even in the 
 Comedies of Aristophanes, or in the Tragedies of Euripides, of Sophocles, or, 
 above all, of Ji^schylus. 
 
 But the above Texts cited from Holy Scripture may possibly sufEce to such 
 as seek the trudi, justly, plainly, modestly, humbly. 
 
 The chief difficulty, in many cases of intricate and difficult passages, seems 
 to arise out of the pedantry of commentators, foolishly overwise in their 
 own conceit : they go out of the way, they toil, they labour to display a false 
 and vain erudition : they invent difficulties which do not really exist, in order 
 to shew their cleverness in solving them : but, often, they fail in having the 
 ability to solve them, however imperfectly; and, puzzle and confound what 
 they presumptuously pretend to explain and elucidate. 
 
 FRANCIS HENRY EGERTON. 
 
 Paris,, 
 
 ^^ I{6tez. Lasgeron : 
 rue du Faubourg St. Honor^, n'. 33. » 
 
 3oth March, 1812. 
 
II 
 
 Number XIL of 
 ADDENDA and CORRIGENDA 
 
 TO THE EDITION OF THE 
 
 HIPPOLYTUS STEPHANtPHOROS of EURIPIDES 
 
 BY THE HONOURABLE 
 
 FRANCIS HENRY EGERTON, 
 
 etc. 
 
 etc. 
 
 etc. 
 
 PRINTED, IN QUARTO, IJ^G, 
 
 AT THE CLARENDON PRESS, OXFORD. 
 
 In the edition of flie Hippolyfus Xle:pccpy^(p6poc of Euripides which I printed, in 
 1796, at Ihe Clarendon Press, Oxford, I have proposed many various read- 
 ings of the 1433d verse, 
 
 EiT yiP ccpccTop J'ccifioa-tp /Bporap yipo^-^ 
 
 and, in the subsequent " Addenda et Corrigenda;' which, from time to time, 
 I have made to that edition, I have, also and moreover, upon the whole of 
 this drama of Enripidcs, adduced similar passages, or pointed out, from 
 various oilier authors, such as it may be expedient to confer w^ith the icxi, 
 or indicated several important manuscripts, and the places where they are' 
 preserved, or added other various readings, and divers commentaries, or 
 
12 
 
 noticed some correcfions [A] fo be made in those already proposed, or, 
 more particularly and specially, I have proposed sundry explications of 
 that difficult verse. 
 
 Again, I beg leave to intrude myself, "pro ingenii mei mediocritate," 
 upon the notice of Greek schoLirs, in submitting to their consideration still 
 another mode of interpreting this 'Mocus vexatissimus "; not only as it 
 applies, particularly, to the construction of that verse, but, as if relates, gene- 
 rally, to the entire explanation of the whole of the passage : 
 
 THESEUS. 
 
 Would I had died for Thee, my Son ! 
 
 HIPPOLYTUS. 
 THESEUS. 
 
 At that moment, says Hippolytus, you would equally have 
 condemned me, so angry was you, then, with me. 
 
 At that moment, replies Theseus, I was J'o^v}^ e(r(poiX/jiepog by 
 
 [A] Corrections] I have observed bul few corrections lo be made in ihose alrrady proposed: 
 but, there is one, however, upon the )453d verse in N". VlH. of the aforementioned ♦' Addenda and 
 Corrigenda," which I am anxions to have withdrawn : Vereor enioj, ut viris doclis »c probet. 
 
 Unwittingly, I have said that, perhaps, this verse may be read: 
 
 inn. E< fiti *]* Upuio* oeciuoyu* fiforols yiioi. 
 
 , , . . Utinam non audirent Dii hominum execrationes ! " ut 
 
 f^ri jj» sunizesis sit ". 
 
 This conjecture was suggested lo me by an English gentleman, who is one of ihc best Greek scholars 
 with whom I am acquainted; aud, in overweening reliance upon his authority, which ought de- 
 servedly lo have great weight, I have fallen inio this error: bul, the above conjecture was suggested 
 only, cursorily, in conversation : It should be reckoned as an " obiter " opinion j and, I know ihal a 
 man of his rare modesty, and of his vast erudition in the Greek language, would have retracted and 
 condemned it, upbn further consideration, ami, more due reflection : for, though I find that fii, be- 
 fore ilhmh and 8 may suffer sunizesis ; and there are, possibly, .some few other instances; yet, upon 
 accurate observation, I do not discover, in the Tragic or Comic poets, any One of sun izcs'is, where /» 
 final imniedialely precedes n initial. 
 
 i3 
 
 the Gods : 
 
 Aof)); [B] yif tifiev Ttpoi BiSv itipaXijLim [CJ. 
 
 a>jD adjoins « 6 <Ti^vic, xa, 9eo<rl:sr%p;' " ' edre^^ ye.^^" '< ^.y, 
 
 EiV w dfa'ibv Sai/jioa-ip iSfoTwv yew;; 
 What Ihen ! can it, ever, at any lime, be supposed, that .l,e race of 
 Man IS ctfcub, i\i^itnv, by the Gods, Collectively ! What ' can it be 
 supposed by my Father, beloved as he is by the Gods, that he was do?.? 
 ,<T^«X^,c; *foV 0.^v, by the Gods, Collectively, when it is evident that 
 all the imsfortnnes I now suffer, all the calamities, which, in this instance 
 have been brought upon Him, upon Phcedra, upon Me, and upon our House 
 are o be ascr.bed no. to ih. Gods, Collectively; but, are fo be imputed to On 
 L)ei(y, Only, Solely, and Exclusively: 
 
 — (ppovZ Sn AxifA,ov\ T^ fjL 0L'7ta)XeGe, 
 
 Diaiici has told me how all this has happened : 
 
 She has told me on what account; 
 T//A^j^ ifMifxBY\, (ra)(ppoviivTi JV yiX^iro, 
 
 She has told me, moreover, with reference to my Father, that 
 
 In speaking of me to him She has called me « the man, who, of all mor- 
 tals , was most dear fo Her, the most beloved by Her : " 
 
 Since I arrived at manhood. She has often co.ne lo me, and frequently 
 conversed With me: ^ ^ 
 
 Two points are, therefore, very clear : 
 
 « That One Deity Alone, Solelj^, and Exclusively, I 
 
 :ias brought on ail our 
 
 [B] AoV] of my mind, of my reasoning facullv of mv .ninll^.f ,r • t . 
 
 1 • r „ ** '-i-uiiy, oi my mieilect, of a nght understand no nf 
 
 havmg a perfect use of my sense, of being able to form -, in,, .C . r . "'^is.anun.g, ot 
 
 «,i . I r • . "6 •*"'«^ to loim a just estimate, of having a f^t uercenlJon of 
 
 what passed, of view ng events as Ihev reallvw^r^ rr • "' percepiion ot 
 
 ,...,..1.1 <,o.„.c.i„,, eu.: ,0. e,c. , Ll ^^ "" "' '" ' "" "'"""" """"'"« '° " "^ "— 
 
 «. ....... .n,lu.o. iZ'o. """ ''"""^ ''"■" '*-^^' ^""'' "-"""■'■""" 
 
i4 
 
 misforfiincs, and Not the Gods, Collectively;" 
 
 And also, " That I am beloved by one Deify particularly;" and, if by One, 
 by All, with the exception of that Goddess Alone who has worked all our 
 misfortunes. 
 
 With regard to Theseus, my Father, the same two points are equally clear: 
 
 Diana has come to Him, not only, to protect, and to vmdicate, my per- 
 sonal honour, 
 
 — €iV TO J' 5x93V, says She, ^aiJ'oi; ixSei^au (ppim 
 
 T» fl-S ^\x.cLiaLv^ cog vTsr iCxXeiag Ooiiy^ • 
 
 V. i3ia, i3i4. 
 but also, for the very purpose of giving Him All the Same preceding in- 
 formation : to Him personally She has developed a-^v Koxaiv 7cxToi(7loLG-iy : 
 She has even imparted to Him, v. i345, et seg., cognizance of a law by 
 which the Gods are governed; 9ioi'(Ti cT' atf' 6p^£i icjuiog • and how, but 
 by contravention to this law, She might not act to prevent the death of 
 Me, Her most beloved, or come €iV to'c^' ourxvvYig, 
 
 Is it not a proof that a man is beloved by the Gods, when a God confides 
 io that mortal man a special and particular law, by which the Gods them- 
 selves are governed, because that law attaches to his private calann'ties, 
 to the particular misfortunes of his family, and interferes with them, 
 casually, and incidentally, alone; but, which has no inunediatc reference 
 to the general Rules whereby They regulate the affairs of man? 
 
 It appears that Diana has come, purposely, to seek my Father, has 
 personally conversed with Him, has developed to Him the whole ex- 
 planation of all that has passed, and has proved that She takes an interest 
 in his affairs, wliich, most certainl}^. She would not do, if my Father was 
 not beloved by the Gods : 
 
 That Neptune too, another Primary God, has, at sundry times, come to 
 seek my Father, has frequently conversed with him, has given Him, spon- 
 taneously, for He was not forced to do so, the very extraordinary promise 
 of granting Him Three requests, not at stated, or regular, periods, but at 
 various, different, and intermitting, times, according to the choice, and will 
 of my Father, whenever He himself might chuse to call for them; and 
 Neptune, just now, has given a convincing proof that He loved and fa- 
 voured my Father, and was, truly, in real, and serious earnest when He 
 luadc him this unusual and exfraordiuciry promise, because, just now, He 
 
 i5 
 
 has heard his prayer, and fnstoXly. wifhin the day, has complied with one 
 of his requests in the destruclion of Me, his Son. the only request my 
 talher yet has asked of Neptune; for that God 
 
 If appears, then, clearly, that my Father was beloved by Diana • 
 And, also, that He was beloved by Neptune; ' 
 
 But, there is moreover, another strong and convincing proof that my 
 Father was beloved by All the Gods Collectively, because that Man, my 
 Father, was permitted by Them, no. only, to go down to the shades below, 
 Dut, to come up again into hfe. 
 
 Very extraordinary Is it, indeed. That, oneDeity should come to seek a 
 man, should developc the whole process of the misfortunes occasioned 
 to Him, and to his House, and should, personally, take an interest in his 
 affairs : 
 
 That, another Deity, a Primary God too, should frequently come to seek 
 a Man^ should often converse fanuliarly with Him, ^.ould, spontaneously, 
 give Him the very unusnal and extraordinary promise of granting Him 
 without any restriction whatever. Three requests, to be complied with at 
 three, separate, unhmited, periods, according as that Man might have occa- 
 sion, or might chuse, capriciously, or angrily, or even unjustly, to call for 
 them; and, should, instantly, within the day, comply with one of his ill- 
 judged requests, which happened to be for the causeless destruction of his 
 own Son : 
 
 That, All the Gods Collectively should suffer a Man, not only, to go down 
 to the shades below, but, to come up again into life. 
 
 What! then, is the consequence to be drawn from all these premises ? 
 
 Surely, that the Man, to whom all this has happened, isbeloved by theGods: 
 
 Surely, that He was not J'o^yig ^^cpaA/^Vo^ ^rpV Gs^p, by All the Gods' 
 
 Collectively. ' 
 
 These two points, then, are very clear ; 
 
 That my Father knows, for certain, that his causeless destruction of me 
 his Son, is Not brought about by the Gods, Collectively; but, by One Deity 
 Alone, by One Deity, Solely, and Exclusively ; 
 
i6 
 
 The other pohif, foo, is equally clear. That my Father is beloved by the 
 Gods, 
 
 It would, therefore, be unjust to attribute My calamities, and those of my 
 Father, to the Gods, Collectively, when we now see clearly that they have 
 been brought about by One Deity Alone, by One Deity, Solely, and Ex- 
 clusively : 
 
 And, Here, his reply, may, perhaps, be considered as the reproof of a 
 dying man, recalling to the mind of his Father, That philosophical and reli- 
 gious credence which Both were taught to believe : " What then? can my 
 Father harbour such a supposition of the Good Gods ?" 
 
 I am convinced that my Father, upon mature reflexion, cannot think that 
 he was d o'w?^ i(7(poLX/uUvog ^Ttpog Becov : My Father, beloved as he is by the 
 Gods, never could be ci'og»s iT^paXfMivog 'Ttpog Qe^v, into the causeless destruc- 
 tion of his Son, who, also, is beloved by tlie Gods. 
 
 One Deity ^ Alone y Solely, and Exclusively, has worked all our misfortunes? 
 and not All the Gods, Collectively, The race of man is not apaiov J^a/- 
 fjLQO-iv : Oh ! no , m(5st certainly, and most evidently : This may not be 
 supposed [D] : 
 
 EiT m dpoLiov (Ton'/xocriv /BforSv yivo^; 
 
 Here a God (or Goddess) interposes, interrupts the dialogue, and pre- 
 vents the conversation from proceeding any further, which would, indeed, 
 have been unnecessary in continued disquisition of a tenet, at that time, so 
 universally admitted and believed : 
 
 "EoLo-op ' says She, x, r. X. 
 
 She adds. You, Hippolytus, have nothing further to apprehend from the 
 anger and vengeance of that Deity, who. Alone, Solely, and Exclusively} has 
 brought about all your misfortunes : She will not persecute you beyond the 
 Grave ; nor would the Gods permit Her so to do; You are beloved b}'^ the 
 
 fD] Supposed :] This, indeed, mlglit not be supposed ; for such a supposition was in direct, 
 absolute, and total, disagieement with the Religious Credence of these times, and with All that was 
 taught by the Greek Philosophy. 
 
 I am well aware that little was said of The Love of God, before llio Christian Religion had, " as 
 it were, humanized the idea of the Di\inity". 
 
 17 
 
 Gods; They know <l,c virluc and pie.yyou have manifested in (his life. 
 am, I sliall fake vengeance hereafter , etc. 
 
 K is, moreover, observable fhat, after .his reply, all furlher discussion of 
 he fene. .s Jerm.na.ed between the Father, and the Son : This tenet, as main- 
 amed by H.ppolytus, seems tacitly acceded to, and admitted; and Hippo- 
 b'fns, says no more than with regard to the pardon and acquitment of his 
 Father, and n. reference to his own pains, and approaching dissolution. 
 
 sio?!' f ' >'""P'^; "';"' °^"'PP°'y'-' '^' •" --y be allowed the expres- 
 Z:s LTu '" °;"7'^°\-"''-""'y ^•'•h *e religious opinions of Lse 
 
 . Iht no h ' t? ; "T:'^' ''^''"^' ^""^ P^'^'^'^^'3^' ^'''h the doctrine 
 taught notby each School andSect alone, but, by the Whole aggregate Quater- 
 
 " wh° t v'°'°'''l- "'''^'^ "^^ •• " '"''^^ ♦'^^ Rational' Cre'atur^ Man , 
 who could hve ,n the pure enjoyment of his mind, and wh^ duf; 
 could culfvate the Divine Principle within Him, was happiest I 
 Himself, and most beloved by the Gods. " 
 
 This is sogenerally known to all who are conversant in Greek Philosophv, 
 
 at .0 shew U by yanous quotations from each School particularly, or from 
 
 the W hole generally, and « to go about to prove it, " would serve no other 
 
 purpose than « ostentatiously to display a needless and vain erudition and 
 
 rrXrr5'°"£'""':''''"''''^'''" ^^''^' '^ already.weHkno^ to 
 <7vpero,<r, . t; ^e ro ^av, perhaps, f>^,i^, j^^w^a [E]. 
 
 Thi., is (he doctrine to he found in every speech of Diana : This is the doc- 
 
 rme of the other Goddess introduced in this play : This, (00, is (he doctrine 
 
 taugh( and mculca(ed (hrough the whole of this drama, and through each 
 
 remannng drama of Euripides : It is every where refen-ed ,0 as general 
 
 known, and universally admitted. ^ 
 
 I., consonance to this doctrine, Euripides represents Hippolytus, when 
 h.s mangled body was brought upon the stage, in o2r I meet his 
 Fadier after lamentu^ that his pains were occasioned, "errore patris". 
 
 *«rpc, «^^^x«.«,,", as exclaiming, how uncommon was his fate' 
 how unusual ! how extra-ordinary ! how contrary to the rules by which 
 the Gods were supposed to govern the affairs of man, " quod ilium paren- 
 
 uons, , painaD, mtra juventam, praematuro exitu rapercnt "! that. He 
 
 [E] X„/J„ ] The Greek Khol.r will know where to find Ihi,, quolalion 
 Jl lu Pjndar. 
 
 others may look for 
 
 'A 
 
i8 
 
 had laboured in vain, and could not expect, among men, Jo reap the fruits 
 of his piety, and virtue ! 
 
 In consonance, likewise, to this doctrine, Euripides represents Hinpo- 
 lytus, addressing the Chief of the Gods : "Jupiter omnipotens, aspicis h*c" ? 
 " Hie ego", «o <7.^>o,', xoi B=,cri^c.f, W 6 tro:p(076>^ ^ciylctc itir.fixmy, 
 
 " 6 sroots-a • Ai , A/. " 
 
 £, i. 
 
 [FJ SJfToya] "One of the errors into wliich has fallen Ihe Pero Bruinoy iu his " Theatre des Grecs," 
 i« remarkable upon this verse : not having justly appreciated the real meaning of the word <n;»7o»«, in 
 this place, He has not given, duly, ij.e sense of the whole of this passage, from the entrance of Hip- 
 polytus upon the stage ; but, on the contrary, has rendered it as if Hippolytus gave directions that He 
 should be withdrawn into his private apartments, for the purpose of avoiding an inler\iew with his 
 Falher: an order, which would have been entirely useless, if Theseus had chosen to come thither to 
 seek him: for, ifTlit-seus had found it expedient to cause himself to be announced, or to have pre- 
 sented himself at the private apartments which Hippolytus occupied in Ihe palace, at Troezenium 
 can it be supposed that Hippolytus would have sent one of his altendants to deny himself to hil 
 Father, to signify that Theseus was not to be admilkd, or to say that He positively refused to see 
 Him? Besides, Euripides repiesenls ihe Son, Hippolytus, as shewing an anxious desire to see his 
 Father, for which interview there were very many of the most imporlant reasons: and. Euripides 
 brings Hippolytus upon the stage, for that very purpose ; see v. i338, et seq. Euripides, moreover, 
 represents the Falher as shewing an anxious desire lo see his Son ; and he had already given ex- 
 press and positive orders for that purpose, v. 1279, 
 
 KofilZ^iT «Jt«», lis li'm it oftfcttn. 
 
 In the vulgate translation the word a^'v7o,« is not given according to the accurate interpretation of the 
 Scholiast J but, it is rendered celeriter. 
 
 In this place, however, it does not mean celeriter j bu(, equabiliter : 
 
 And, here, I must notice, moreover, an omission, and an erroF, to be observed in the Lexicon of 
 Hederic, who omits, entirely, the word <n.\7<,»«j and, of course, in his lexicon, cannot be found 
 the sense which ^^Ictx bears in this passage. S^^Vo'k*^, He thus explaiuM, summd cum content 
 none, acriter, vehementer : and, crJrVo.of, contentus, qm cum anirm content ione, fit acer et vehe- 
 mens, a cvtluti^. ^utlttx, and c^.lovof, and n/lcfrng, come from cv/lutm : but, to the verb nfltnm 
 Joes Hederic enumerate each and every signification it is capable of bearing? He renders it, contendo. 
 
 19 
 
 Top x,cix,0(PoL//iJLcvoLy xoCi aoLTdpoLTov 
 
 UccTfog cL/j.^X(XX,ic(.ig • Zeu, Zeu, rdS ' ocol^ • 
 
 OJ^' d (Tujii'^podupn -tcclptol; u^epi')^ei)v^ 
 
 intendo, concito, pergo, studiose laboro, fest.no : At the word ^v7«v.'^, indeed, after explaining it bv 
 vontentio, firnutas, and robur. He adds, continuus et nan interruptus tenor 
 
 Hesych.us mentions the words, ^...^ 5., which he explains, ..«^^^, ; „,7.'v, 5., ,J.7.«., and, 
 ^tlotot ^., wh.ch he interprets, ^ocT^Jk, ,>por, to which, it is true, he subjoins, cveve. 
 
 All the Lexicons I have given myself the trouble to consult have neglected to refer ,0 ,h.s passage • 
 have neglected and omitted, to notice the word ^.U. , or, have erred, by not affording correc; 
 ex,danat.on, or due assistance, to one who is desirous of finding onl the real, and very, sense, which 
 rvrlottt bears in this place. 
 
 In short, every Lexicon, which I have been at the pains of adverting to upon the word ^tUu 
 seems, to my poor judgment, to becalculated, rather than correctly ,0 explain the real ,ense of ^'.7, J 
 ,n this passage, to m.slead whoever proceeds, superficially, towards a grammatical disquisition into the 
 etymology and meaning of words, to mislead whoever knows only as much of the refinements of a 
 anguage Its anomalies, and idiomatic expressions, as can be acquired, from a lexicon or dictionary 
 to m.slead whoever does no. recur to his memory, his reading, and his own erudition, in tracing' 
 out the sense in which the word in question is used in other authors, lo mislead whoever in order 
 to obtain the explanation, or of a derivative, or collateral, or figurative, or metaphorical', sense of 
 a word, betakes himself, suddenly, and in implicit reliance, to his lexicon or dictionary, is of opi- 
 nion that the compiler of the lexicon or dictionary must always, and in all cases whatever, be of 
 indisputable authority, that he cannot be susceptible of any omission, that he never can fall into 
 error, as ,f every writer of a lexicon or dictionary had distinguished himself by the force ,he 
 elegance, and the purity of his writings, as if He was not, sometimes, a man, rather of ploddin, 
 .ppI:ca.ion, than of genius, as if He did not become, now and then, a mere compiler, or a sers ilt 
 copier of such lexicons or dictionaries as had preceded That which he makes, for Sale. 
 
 The real meaning of the word 5T;»7ar«, in this place, is equabiliter ; certainly it is, not, celeriter. 
 
 It is a metaphor uzro' t£, ^^<nKS» rot^v ' /Scccrlu^in fct, says Hippolytus, «>^«^/^,', ,,«; ^^^^', 
 f^o'»7«f , K«i .rc;^fa;,«f • ^,' ^» ^,«, ii kuto,, dxx' t| iW. Its sense. Here, is equably 
 evenly, smoothly, nil at once, nil together, by one united action, at one general heave, by one re' ' 
 gular uninterrupted conlinnily of dragging, by an oneness of drawing, and pulling, so that there 
 may be no jerk, no twisting, no motion awry, for cTaAt^^a'y^^r • 
 
 I can give no account how it happen, that Pere Brumoy has fallen into the above mentioned error- 
 for I cannot suppose that he translated this passage from any translation: possibly some Lexicon h/, 
 mi.led Him with r.g .,d to .he true acceptation of ^',7«m, in this place : certain it is, that He has conl 
 ce.ved wrongly of this passage. i„ consequence, perlnps, of not having justly appreciated the precise 
 meaning, Here, of the word ntloict. 
 
20 
 
 a7, a7, aJ, at. 
 
 I am very much incliaed to flilnk tlial (his JnferpretaHon is borne out by 
 the whole of the context : But, I should enter into great length indeed if 
 I was to proceed in farther justification of the above conjecture, to quote 
 pedetentira, each, and every, particular verse upon which it seems to me 
 to be founded : The Greek scholar may form his own judgment of 
 the propriety of this explanation by consulting the context, and by re- 
 lerring, generally, to the Whole of the drama of the Hippolytus Stcphane- 
 phoros of Euripides. <■>. j f 
 
 FRANCIS HENRY EGERTON. 
 
 « J/6t£l Egertoit: 
 rue St. Honore, ]S". 335. 
 
 2.0th May,. 1816. 
 
 IN UMBER XIII. OF 
 
 ADDENDA and CORRIGENDA 
 
 TO THE EDITION OF THE 
 
 HIPPOLYTUS STEPHANEPHOROS of EURIPIDES 
 
 BY THE HONOURABLE 
 
 FRANCIS HENRY EGERTON, 
 
 etc. etc. etc. 
 
 PRINTED, IN QUARTO^ 179^? 
 
 AT THE CLARENDON PRESS, OXFORD. 
 
 / 
 
 .J- 
 
 
 '/ ^■^^^ Ar*<i*:e^^^ii«^ , 
 
 
 / 
 
 The difference of cast in the sequel of the narrative otthe death of Hip- 
 polytus, as set fortli, on the one hand, by Racine, and, on the other^ 
 by Euripides, is very observable. 
 
 The French Poet displays His Hippolytus as killin^j the monster : 
 
 The Greek Poet, on the contrary, represents Hippolytus suffering death, 
 with passive and religious resignation, as the unavoidable consequence 
 of the divine agency of a monster, purposely created (for in natural his- 
 
 t% f».*.i • * 
 
!2a 
 
 tory there exists no such beast ) and, sent by the God Neptune, at the 
 express, and passionate, prayer of the Father, Theseus, to cause the 
 iatal execution ul" his Son. 
 
 Without entering into any particular detail, or, general principle, of the 
 Law of Parents and Children, as settled, and recognized, at this period; 
 without engaging in any disquisition of Law, as it, then, stood, between 
 King, and Subject J without examining, apart, separately, and minutely, 
 any, notion, tenet, or principle, of the Pagan Mythological Religion, 
 established, at this time; I beg leave to remark that the Greek Poet 
 would have given great offence to the religious opinions of all his Spec- 
 tators, and of all his Auditors, if he had represented Ilippolytus as 
 killing the monster. 
 
 The following is the plan, and story, of this drama of Euripides, in asj 
 much as it relates to the narrative of the death of Ilippolytus. 
 
 Theseus, unexpectedly, and even beyond hope, returned to the Pelop- 
 ponesus, and, now, almost upon the very frontier of his dominions, is led 
 to suppose that the vaunted virtue of his Son, Ilippolytus, is mere shadow 
 without substance, nothing but pretence, nothing but hypocrisy, the 
 meanest, the lowest, the basest, the most ignoble, the most cowardly, of 
 all motives of action. That, in short, at which every lofty, every gene- 
 rous, mind, such as Euripides exhibits that of Theseus, totally, absolutely, 
 entirely, unconditionally, revolts. 
 
 Theseus is led to suppose, and believe, that he unmasks this hypocritical 
 virtue; that, this degenerate offspring of a great family, this his unworthy 
 Son, feigning, and pretending to, such sentiments, and prin(i[)les, as were 
 congenial to his high birth, and, to the truly merited renown, and noble 
 character, ofhisFather, and, of all his Ancestors, gave cause to suspect, that, 
 all along perhaps, during the whole time of the absence of tlir King his 
 Father, lie had been, unnaturallv, disloyally, and traitorously, plotting 
 against his interest, and government; and, that, taking a low, mean, and 
 secret, advantage of the holy, and honourable, reasons for his departure, 
 and, of the unfortunate calamities which retarded his return. He, now, cer- 
 tainly, stood convicted of having committed the overt act of attempting. 
 
 f 
 
 23 
 
 with premeditated design, to force, and violate, his wife, the lawful 
 wife of his Father Theseus, step-mother to Ilippolytus : a crime sinning 
 against all Law, human, and divine. 
 
 This Step-mother was, also. Queen: so that the crime attributed by 
 Theseus to Hippolytus, was, not only. That of Adultery; was, not only, a 
 crime, too, naturally considered, of Incest; but, an overt act and crime, 
 considered in a State view, of the Highest High-Treason, designed by the 
 Heir Apparent to the Crown, against the Queen-mother. 
 
 These complicated crimes of Adultery, Incest, and High-Treason, 
 aggravated by Hypocrisy, were supposed, by Theseus, to have led to 
 Murder; to a Murder, in some sort, partaking of the nature of Parricide: 
 for, Hippolytus was presumed, by Theseus, to be the immediate cause 
 of the violent, and premature, death of Phaedra, Queen, the lawful 
 and beloved Wife of his King, and Father, and, his own Mother-in-law. 
 
 Theseus, King and Father, held the promise of the God Neptune to 
 grant him Three requests. 
 
 Never, yet, had Theseus prayed to Neptune to grant Him any One of 
 these requests : In his own great, and fruitful, mind, hitherto. He had 
 found, or devised, upon each emergency, very adequate resources to ena- 
 ble Him to rise superior to, and to overcome, all personal dangers, and 
 individual difficulties : Always, and continually. He had reserved these 
 requests till some occasion of the very utmost importance should occur. 
 
 At length, arrives a special, and particular, occasion, in the due, and 
 perfect, completion of which is involved every noble motive, every moral 
 sentiment, every virtuous principle, every law, human, and divine. 
 
 Theseus invokes Neptune, reminds the God of his former promises, and 
 prays to Him, that, of the Three requests, He, now, will grant him One. 
 He asks of Him a Sign, which is, that the accomplishment of this promised 
 request may be caused, within the day. 
 
 This request of Theseus, King and Father, to the God Neptune, is to 
 destroy Hippolytus his Son. 
 
 Neptune grants this promised request, instantly; and, by the instru- 
 mentality of a Sea-Monster, arising out of the Sea, his appropriate domi- 
 nion, and, with the concurrence of the other Primary Gods; for, the 
 Earth, Air, and. Fire, are represented as cooperating in this divine Agency, 
 occasions the death, or rather the execution, of Hippolytus. 
 
u4 
 
 >» 
 
 
 Neptune, and the whole trihe of tliese Gods, veriTy, are most false j 
 nothin^^ else are tliey than the Imaginary Gods of a fahled mvtliolofry; but, 
 nevertheless, the people helieved in them : This an as the faith, and 
 belief, and religious credence, of the nation, and of these tinus, and of 
 these countries,' and, to have represented Ilippoiytus, or any lluiiuui ins- 
 trument, by his individual prowess, as contending; with, and overcoming, 
 this supernatural agency, and Divine fatahty, would have been ahsurd, 
 ill-judged, and, would have been rejected as impious, hy the people, the 
 priests, the nation, all Greece, and all countries whatever, where this 
 
 Religion was estahhshed. 
 
 ■« * t 
 
 s5 
 
 I am willing to make allowance for every national, and particular, preju- 
 dice which may ohtain in favour of this great French Poet, Racine : but, 
 still, I trust it may he allowed, in the investigation of a literary question, 
 and, in the freedom of rational inquiry, to examine, whether his merit 
 consists so much, in the soundness of his taste, the truth of his judgment, 
 the extent of his learning, the depth of his erudition, the logical closeness 
 of his reasoning, the consecutive aptness of his deductions, the reach ^of 
 his intellect, the vastness of his mind, the accuracy, precisencss, and cer- 
 tainty, of his knowledge, the rightness of his understanding, and, by 
 consequence, in the art, and conduct, He has displayed in his drama of 
 ^^^hedre", in contra-distinction to the tragedy of his Great Original Euri- 
 pides, as, in the exquisite beauty of his verse, and, the magical power 
 of his versification. 
 
 Some there are, who do not think that this difference of cast in the sequel 
 of the narrative of the death of Ilippolytus, as set forth, on the one hand, 
 by Euripides, and on the other, by Racine, operates very forcibly in 
 causing to be formed a high opinion of the superior Taste, Judgment^ 
 or Erudition, of the French poet: 
 
 And, in seeking after some sort of mythological analogy to illustrate the 
 reasons upon which they ground their manner of thinking, they remark, 
 that it never was imagined by any Greek, or, by any Latin, writer whatever, 
 to represent Adonis as killing the Boar, which Mars, or Diana, is fabled 
 to have sent to destroy him. Rion, they say, would have done so; and, 
 so also would Ovid j if this gratuitous invention of a Modern admitted 
 'aiiy'sort of degree, or kind, of analogy to Ancient tradition, or^ fabled 
 mythology. Bion, and Ovid, they say, would have so done, if it had been 
 proper; and, Bion, and Ovid, they assert, had as good taste, as sound 
 judgment, as much erudition, and wrote as fine verses, as Racine. 
 
They a.^k, moreover, if, according to Heathen fable, Adonis [a] was not, 
 
 [A] [Adonis.] lam inclined to conclude that learned Men y,\\[ concur in agred,.g 
 upon .he usefulness .vhieh resuUs to Knowledge, in general, from an Inquiry imo the 
 Etymology of Words; and, that this position requires not to be supported Lv any aulho- 
 rity whatever. 
 
 But, as there are, who give a half , reluctant, forced, imwilling, assent, to all proba- 
 bdmes which are not sanctioned by the credit, and testimony, of great names ; such per- 
 sons are recommended to refer to Plato, through the whole of his Treatise, de rectd no- 
 numralione, denominated, K.urvXo,, [Cratylus); to Xenophon, AV.,u,„«o..^^«r«, Lib. IV 
 Sect. 5, and 6; and also, toother, very many. Chief, and Eminent, Writers: 'theyraay 
 learn how much, the greatest, and most able, Philosophers esteemed a grammatical d'isqui'- 
 sitjon into the Etymology, and Meaning, of A\ ords, as useful, not to Elh.c Science alone, 
 but, also, and moreover, to Knowledge, in General. 
 
 I trust, then, that I may, be indulged in making the following inquiry. 
 
 Upon casting away, as of course, whatever pref.x, or affix, may be attached to this word 
 Adonis, it will, and must, come from the Hebrew root, Aleph, Daleth, Nun; the three 
 radical letters composing that AVord, which. All the Israelites, Universally, m'ake use of, 
 and utter, whenever, in reading the Bible, whenever, in public, or, in private, prayer,' 
 \>'henever, on any occasion, occurs the Name, to them ineffable, of Jehovah (i). 
 
 At this lime, neither the Cohenim, nor even the High Piiest (2), may pronounce the 
 .name Jehovah : No longer the name Jehovah is uttered by them ; but, instead, and, 
 in lieu, of, Jehovah, they say, Adonai (3); but, never articulate the Name Jehovah. 
 
 At this time, there is not One of All the Jews, wherever they may reside, or, wheresoever 
 they are dispersed throughout the wliole habitable Globe, who may pronounce the Word 
 Jeliovali. 
 
 Anciently, before the destruction either of the First, or Second, Temple, the High Priest 
 pronounced the name Jehovah; and, so also did the Cohenim, when occasion required, 
 and, whenever they gave the blessing, through the whole of the year, except upon one 
 day alone. 
 
 On that one day, the day of the Great Expiation, the High Priest, and He only, pro- 
 nounced the Word Jehovah ; and, on that one day. He alone, gave the blessin**. 
 
 On that day. He was considered as presiding, Peculiarly, over all Beligious rites,'' and cere- 
 monies, which, then, were administered : He was accompanied by the Cohenim ;' and also 
 by theLevites; and, assisted by them, in the several functions He performed : but, assisted 
 only, by them, not authoritatively; but, menially, officially, by reason of their Order. 
 
 On that one, and single, day, once only, year by year, at the fixed period of the annual 
 return of the one day of the Great Expiation, was the High Priest himself, the High Priest 
 only, by the Law, Oral, Traditional, Unwritten, and, at length, preserved in the IVIischna, 
 allowed, and authorized, to enter the Holy of Holies. He had, previously, been subjected 
 to much, and to long, purification : and, He went in, and remained, Unshod. 
 
 (■^ It may 
 tit ohsrrvpd 
 that llii< Word 
 Ji'hovah i.<roni- 
 pojcd of Four 
 Radii-al Ictlrrt: 
 and, it inay ba 
 a^krd. 
 
 Why, in many 
 eastern langua- 
 ge*, i» »he 
 name of Goo, 
 compo'cd of 
 Four Radical 
 letters? 
 
 {y\ Cohen 
 Hagadol. 
 
 (3> Adon I <J. 
 
 P 
 
 "J 
 
 at least, equal to Tlippolytus, if Venus was not, at least, equal to Aricia , 
 and, if Neptune was not as primary a God as Mars, or Diana? 
 
 (4^ TLe Veil 
 
 Never, at any time, upon any pretence whatever, upon any occasion whatsoever, at this, a«ofiittiereai 
 or, at any other rite, ceremony, or function, might Any Israelite, except the High Priest LXr^he, 
 alone, enter the Holy of Holies : and, He only, upon the return of this One day of the c^v'hr:^ 
 Great Expiation. secivac; or, to 
 
 _. , busy architec- 
 
 On that one day, was the sacrifice of the Bull ; and, of the exniatorv Goit • *""'' ='°'^»'»''- 
 
 U) 1 he Veil rk 1 1 ' •"> Ul lue expiatory OOat . quanan, re- 
 
 of the Temple ^H that ouc dav, the Veil before the Holy of Holies was withdrawn iL\ • ^'''T\ 
 
 wai uot with- rk 1 1 1 IT- 'vii^uTTii yi^^ . jjj the main, 
 
 t::.x\^L ^" '^'^^ ""^ ^«>^' the High Priest, after he had made, to Jehovah, the Three Confessions; roLrS 
 Pa«over; of o^e, for Himsclf ; another, for the Priesthood ; and, a third, for the People- after the sa ^""2.^'«"7<'°' 
 
 the rir^l fruits • o T * I, J J "»>^'-* i"c oa ce : 1 be Jew* 
 
 •nd offeung.. crUices wcrc hnished; and, after the expiation was accomplished ; the Hi'^h Priest himsplf "•''•"* 8»<-";» 
 
 or Weeks; of i ir /-w i , ,, . "^ •^'v.ci. iiiiuacJi, alteration : The 
 
 the Taherna- ^^^ "<^ Only, gavc the blessing. Jew:^h Rdi- 
 
 cl's ; or, upon -ri • »1 r 1 rr.1 • 1 « ^'°° altcretk 
 
 the return of ^ "'^ was tlic toriH, and, This, also, was the manner, in which He eave the blessing • ""'^ ''^"'' 
 
 the first dav ofu.j t-i x-v-iii. " """ "° <l'fle- 
 
 the Ne«-ve^.r ; «eslood upou his icgs : During the wliolc time of this rite, and ceremony his head "^'"^ '" ""= ^'- 
 
 or, on the •' i i tt i 'ual : Some , 
 
 S.bbath. continued covered: He bore the Word Jehovah on his forehead: He had the epiiod ''"'"^ '" e!" ''"' 
 
 Uon oflitu"*' "P°" '"* breast : And, He was dressed in full pontifical ceremony: Ceremouiai 
 
 moment, which TJ 1'Jl* ii ,ii pari, , sit affect- 
 
 u liable to va. "^ Opened wide his two hands, approached them one to the other, with the palms of '"'^ '^^ i^''"-'» 
 uin MfproT/" ^^^^' lowest, as they are, naturally, when the hands are lifted up from the wrists; but, he .^''^T^'"''^^^^'' 
 n'r.^ca^'lorbV"^"^^ the palms outwards, in front; and, held his hands, side by side, in one, and nearly !'''-'"'''n^^^^^^ 
 SeieVS * *^^^'^^*^' ^'"^•' He extended, and stretched out, his fingers, uppermost, and vertically, to ^°d-» "'epre-' 
 tt tSTf'.he '''^'' ^"" ^^"^'^'^ ' ""^' J'^'"^^ ^^^^ ^°^^ ^'^^^ '"'^^Je finger, and the third and little fingJr, of sS'>e?!'.t 
 ?ire'"Ft't,t''s7/^^'' ^'^"'^' ^" *"^'' "method that the four fingers of each hand, thus closed, should become ""'y' ^"tTr' 
 cond, dcs.ruc- apparently as Two, seemingly united, and adherent one to the other, each touching, in its fouS'Vhe"' 
 «uf°That?tn: ^^'''^'' '*^"^''^' '^^'^^ ^"^ ''^"'^*' '^ adjoined; and so, that therfe should remain an ample, marked, ti^t^itCbfea 
 Tempre,'"!;:; ""^^ y'^^^\i\^. separation between the Two, and Two fingers, of each hand : He caused the --«"•''' '" 
 "-!'4arM'd" ^^'^""^^ ""^ ^°^^' ^^"^'' *^'"* extended, and stretched out, to touch each odier in one point, 
 ofTh.! Tempi^ ^' ^*'^ '*''■>' "^''^'n^'y o^'each : In this guise. He shaped his hands, so that he caused them, 
 twh'":,'"a *^'"* ""''^'^' to present One object, in which existed, visibly. Three divisions: One larger, 
 h^VeirXch ^"'^ gi'eater, division was described, on two sides, by the joined, and adherent, fore and 
 
 rp"„"S£e "'''^'^'^ ^'"^^" °^ *^^''^' *'^"'^' ""^ ^''^ *^'''** ^^^^' ^>' ^^'^ '^"^ produced by the two thumbs, 
 ^t;^\^gh '^i';," ^^*'*^''' ^^ ^^'^"^ extremities touched each other ; and, the fourth side of this figure was not 
 trof Hoilr,""' *''"' '"' ^^* "^' closed; but, remained, open, unconfincd, unlimited, undetermined, 
 turTI'IL^TC' ^"^^ '"^^efinite : A Second, lesser, division was Thai which existed between the joined, and 
 cond Tc*"" '^''" ^^^'^^^"^' ^^^^ ^"^ middle fingers, and the third and little fingers, of one hand, and dcs- 
 the separ,tionCribed au cquilatcral inverted triangle, the acute an£?le of which was defined by the inser- 
 
 of the Holy of • /< , ,» *" 
 
 Hoiif,, f,„;„ tion ol the fingers; tlie base of which was not shut in, was not closed ; but remained 
 
 the Temple, r -i • • 1 •> 
 
 «as mad, by a open, uncoufincd, unlimited, undetermined, and indefinite: And, again, a Third division* 
 
 double \<-ll, or _,. i • i r 
 
 double banpni!, ^^ as that wluch was formcd on the other hand, as was the second, on one hand- it was 
 
 each of nliir)i 
 
 anKi 
 
 ,„, Similar, co-equal, presented the same figure; and, also, it was not closed at its base, 
 
 tou- ' 
 
 were ne,»r 
 
 and alrno&t tou- 1 • 1 • i-i i i ~ ' 
 
 ihroiher. ^^"'cli m like method, was not shut in, but, remained open, unconfincd, unlimited, unde- 
 
 ching I 
 
 Question> , 
 »uc 
 
 ^uestion> > » • i i i /• • -ty t • • 
 
 h -. These, ternuncU, and unUehnite. foreshortening his arms, so He lifted up his hands, that they 
 
28 
 
 They inquire, then, %vhy Bacine should have thought proper to graft 
 upon His Ilippolytus a supervacaneous quahty, or action, on account of 
 ^vhich, Hippotytus may he said td be represented^ by IJim, as difftireut 
 from, if not, in this regard, as more than e({ual to, Adonis, or, to All 
 that was known in former times : 
 
 They inquire, too, if llacine has displayed superior taste, or superior 
 judgment, in case He may be supposed to have acted, gratuitously, loosely, 
 fancifully, and wildly, in super-adding to His novel character of His 
 
 should be elevated a little above his eye-bro^vs, and, become removed to a very small 
 distance from them; but, taking special care, that they should continue, under and below, 
 the word Jehovah, upon his forehead (5), which he ought not to obscure; but which, on 
 the contrary, even under this process, in some sort, remained visible, and apparent. 
 
 Thus, He directed his hands, in four separate actions, to the four several Cardinal 
 points of the Universe, to each of Avhich he advanced, and presented, them, once, to each; 
 at each of the four times, and, at each of the four motions, or actions, bowing a little his 
 head, as he inclined his hands ; but, inclining much more his hands, than his head. 
 
 In this form, and manner, he gave the blessing : 
 
 And, when he pronounced the Word Jehovah, the Leviles, and Cohenim, as well as All 
 the other Israelites, then, and there, present, except the High Priest alone, fell down, 
 prostrate, with their face upon the ground, in token of humility, of awe, respect, and 
 veneration, immediately as they heard the High Priest pronounce the name Jehovah. 
 
 "Whenever it happened that the People were ranged at the performance of any Religious 
 rile, or ceremony, this was the Order observed : 
 
 The Leviles on one side, the Cohenim on the other, Stood nearest to, but without, 
 and below, the partition which separated the Holy of Holies, from the Temple: The People 
 of Israel, the Women apart, Stood upon the floor. 
 
 (5)T}.eColit- 
 »iiu ini^ht nut 
 hr»r iLr Word 
 Jt'buv.iL on 
 tbeir fort'farad 
 r.oiitequeullv, 
 Thry bail, ia 
 tome Dira.turF, 
 J more rnUr- 
 fctd »pacp wlie- 
 r<iu tu lilt up 
 Ihtir haiiils, 
 thiiii Ibr Iligb 
 Priosl, who 
 lilted up his 
 baiid^, »a at 
 not to rover 
 •be Word 
 " Jebovah", 
 upon hi, for- 
 f b«-.'d ; hut, 
 "Illy nilbiu 
 •be space »hirh 
 •"listed b«tniit 
 bis eye-l)ro«t«, 
 and hi, froo- 
 
 «•»■», which 
 liore the nutnt 
 
 "Jebov*!,". 
 
 In pursuing my argument upon this Word, it seemed to me expedient to make the above 
 statement : 
 
 And, in further justification of this argument, I beg leave to repeat that this Word 
 Adonis must ultimately be derived from the root, Aleph, Daleth, Nun : It must come from 
 that root, whether you apply to the Samaritan, orChaldaic; whether, to the Rabbinical 
 Hebrew, and you advert to the Targum of Onkelos, the Targum of Jonathan ben-Oziel, 
 or, to either Talmud, to that, for instance, of Jerusalem, or, to that other, of Babylon; 
 whether, you refer to the Arabic; or, Persian; or, if I may conclude as much from 
 analogy of grammar, to any Oriental language whatever. 
 
 The argument' will, still, remain in equal force, if you refer to the Syriac; and, chuse 
 to call Adonis, Thamniu/. 
 
 29 
 
 Hippolytus this upstart quality of forged, and uselessly-fabricated, pro- 
 wess, wliich, by no means, is that of passive, and religious, resignation, 
 and which, is, not only, foreign to, and repugnant of, such just idea of 
 the Character of Hippolytus as is to be formed, either, by referring to 
 any Greek, or Latin, writer, or, to be gained by learning, erudition, 
 right understanding, or, knowledge, and which, also, is, not only, not 
 to be justified by any authority whatever, but which, moreover, is in 
 disagreement from, is in contrariety, and opposition to, is in difference 
 with. All, and. Every, Analogy of Ancient Mythology: 
 
 They say His Hippolytus : for, they maintain, that, as the Hippo- 
 lytus of Hacine, is Not the Hippolytus of fabled history ; so, moreover, 
 it is, most certainly. Not the Hippolytus of Euripides. 
 
 What, they inquire, was, at this time, the position of Hippolytus, as 
 represented by Euripides? 
 
 He, now, was exiled, and cursed, by the King, his Father, who, 
 solemnly, had called down the vengeance of Neptune, upon his Son, in 
 accomplishment of an extraordinary, and supernatural, promise of that 
 God made to the favoured, and beloved, Theseus, on suspicion that his 
 Son Hippolytus, taking advantage of the forced, but holy, motives, 
 which occasioned his departure, had been plotting, all along, during the 
 whole period of his long absence, against his interests, and government : 
 
 He, now, was exiled, and cursed, by the King, his Father, on suspi- 
 cion that, at this time. He, certainly, stood convicted of Adultery, 
 Incest, the Highest High-Treason, Murder, and, Parricide: 
 
 And, that He heaped, upon his accursed head. All these complicated 
 crimes, aggravated by Hypocrisy, a motive of action which added to the 
 anger of Theseus j and which, was not congenial to the High Birth, and 
 Origin, of Hippolytus, and, to the truly merited renown, the noble 
 character, the open and manly conduct, of his Father. 
 
 Hippolytus, as represented by Euripides, was, now, as He had been, at 
 all limes, reputed to be, very peculiarly, remarkable for Piety : By the 
 Nation, He was held to be jifAVO^y ko) ^ioaiiTTOOy 6 iC(Ti^Yi^ y^yi^^i 
 
 And, in consecutive aptness of deduction, Euripides represents Him 
 as departing for exile, with the very utmost regret, and, with the most 
 
3o 
 
 anxious desire to remain; but, depariinfr, nevertheless, out of filial 
 obedience to the commands of his Father; for, says Ilippolytus, Trugriov 
 
 By the same rational consequence, also, Euripides represents Ilim as 
 exclaimin^j, at the moment of his death, or, fatal execution, How un- 
 happy it was that his Father had l)een thus deceived ! and, moreover, 
 protesting his own innocence: 
 
 
 They inquire, then, why the Greek poet was so erroneous as to stand in 
 need of bein^^ corrected by the French poet, when He represents Uippuly- 
 tus suflcring death, with passive and relig^ious resi(;nation, as an un- 
 avoidable consequence of tlie Divine a{;ency of a Sea-monster, purposely 
 created by the joint concurrence, and co-operation, of All the Primary 
 Gods of Paj^an mytholog^^, and, sent by Neptune, the God of the Sea, 
 out of the Sea, in accomplishment of his divine promise, solemnly {;iven, 
 and solemnly required by the express and passionate prayer of the 
 Father, to cause the fatal execution of the Son. 
 
 In contra-distinction to the art, and conduct, exhibited by Euripides in 
 the whole of this narrative of the uyytAo^, or messenger, Thev, then, 
 advert to the art, and conduct, of Hacine, employed in the recital of this^ 
 event, bv the Governor Theramenes: 
 
 And, They ask, why liaciiic should have tliought proper to chaufjc 
 this natural, and consecutive, flow of decUiction ; and, why He should 
 have judged expedient to substitute, in its slead, this llinisy character 
 of His Ilippiilytus; in which. They say, noiliinj; is niai k( d, nolhing 
 orifjinal, nothinj; extra-ordinary ; and, to exluhit this Hero upon stilts, 
 this "worthy son of a Hero," this "intrepid Ilippolytus [I!]," as des- 
 
 [E] Tfiis "ivorlhy son of a ITero", this "intrepid Hlppo/ylus",] This "Uigne 
 
 Fils ilunlli-ros," "Linlrepide Illppiilyte" 
 
 These are the words of Ricixi. 
 
 3i 
 
 troyinfT the Divine Agent, who was ordered to execute this fatal mission 
 asahove stated, and, who was sent hy the joint concurrence of All the 
 I'nniary Gods of Grecian Mythology. 
 
 They conclude, then, upon weighing the connected force of All these 
 observafons, that. This is. Not, One of the instances, in which Kacine 
 has proved lus Supertoruy to Euripides,- and, that. Here, He furnishes 
 No, an example of preferable taste, judgment, erudition, close reasoninr, 
 apt deduetton , certainty of knowledge, right understanding and bv 
 consec,uence, of superior art, and conduct, in his drama of " Phedre" 
 over the Hippolytus Stephanephoros of Euripides. 
 
 Such persons maintain, moreover, that Racine did not, to its full extent 
 understand the essential nature of his subject:- ' 
 
 And, they say, that, if it shall he replied to them, in answer to some 
 of the preceding remarks, " that Racine wrote under Revelation, since the 
 Day-Spr.ng from on High has flowed in upon manj and that, conse- 
 quently, He ought not, closely, to have followed any subject of Pa-an 
 mythology " : They shall beg leave to observe, that This is a partial, and 
 superhc.al, and not a general, argument, applicable in all cases; and 
 that, they, who wish to make use of it, would do ^yen to consider how 
 It may serve their purpose; and, how it will operate, when pushed on to 
 Its full extent, and applied, Generally, in All cases, or. Particularly in 
 the Present Case. 
 
 "Reason", says Locke, " is Natural Revelation, whereby, the Eternal 
 "Father of Light, and. Fountain of All Knowledge, communicates to 
 " mankind that portion of Truth, which He has laid within the reach 
 '' of their natural faculties : Revelation is Natural Reason, enlarged by 
 " a new set of discoveries comniiniicatcd by God, immediately, which 
 " Reason vouches the truth of, hy the testimony, and proofs, it gives 
 ' that they come from God : so, that He that takes away Reason, to 
 ' make way for Revelation, puts out the hght of Both." 
 
3a 
 Such an observation, say these persons, is, indeed, more directly ap- 
 plicable to considerations of a much higher nature, and, of a far dif- 
 ferent importance : but, as what is true of One, may be predicated 
 of All, they say, that this mode of reply may, cursorily, become rele- 
 vant, even to the drama of '' Phedre"; and, that They may be indulfjed 
 in applying it. Generally, in General answer to such an argument, when 
 brought forward. Generally: 
 
 Cut, still further, they proceed to consider it. Particularly, when ap- 
 plied to the Present Case. 
 
 - • 
 
 As Racine pretends, they say, to have taken his subject from the IJip- 
 polytus Stephanephoros, and has given it to the pubhc under the authority 
 of Euripides, and, under the sanction of his name, He should have pre- 
 served that uniformity of Character, and harmony of Plan, which is to 
 be found in Euripides, instead of having changed Both, as He has done, 
 under a deficiency of sound taste, judgment, and erudition: 
 
 No man, they assert, forced Him to borrow his subject from Euripides; 
 but, as He has thought proper so to do, He should not have thus garbled 
 the Plan of Euripides, but should have shewn (hat deference to Euripi- 
 des which he deserves [C], instead of altering his Characters, and his 
 Plan [D], according to his own fancy, his own taste, and his own 
 
 [C] That deference to Euripides a hat he deserves.] See page line 
 
 [DJ Altering his characters, and his plan, according to, etc.'] Admitting, that, with the omission 
 
 of certain Deities of Fabied Mythology, and, with the addition of the Governor of Hippolytus. 
 
 Theiamenes, the Dramatis Personae of the "PhMre" of Racine are much the same as li, tJ 
 
 Afxuo;©? nc'.^Boar* of the Hippolytus Stephanephoros of Euripides, 
 Are the Characters of each tragedy the same ? 
 Is the Plan of each the same? 
 
 Or, has Racine made his Plan of "Phedre" to undergo considerable alteration ? 
 
 I 
 
 May a Modern dramatic poet, who borrows his subject from an Ancient dramatic writer 
 be permitted to alter his Characters, and his Plan , except, under proper restrictions, and, a 
 dui modification ? 
 
 May He be indulged in the latitude of altering the Characters, and the Plan, so as to 
 spoil the general effect, and, to vitiate the harmony of the whole interest? 
 
 May He be allowed the liberty of altering, at pleasure, according to his own fancy, taste 
 or judgment, and, under any pretence whatever, admitted, and accepted, assumptions, upon 
 which are founded, aud established, the ground-work of the lable? 
 
 33 
 
 judgment, under pretence of adapting his Greek plan to the French stage, 
 and, to the modern notions of his times : 
 
 A dramatic poet, they say, who borrows his Subject, and his Plan, from 
 Ancient Mythology, however he may be indulged in the latitude of re- 
 trenching from, or superadding to, Fabled Mythology, may not be 
 allowed the liberty of altering, at pleasure, admitted, and accepted, 
 assumptions, upon which are founded the ground work of the Fable : 
 
 They say, moreover, that a dramatic poet, who borrows his subject 
 
 Surely, the Iphigenia in Aulide is a fine tragedy : But, in representing that borrowed Ancient 
 subject, upon the stage, at This Day, may its Characters be changed, and altered, and submitted 
 to the peculiar mert y. to the singular caprice, to the particular will, and pleasure, of an Indivi- 
 dual, of any Oue Modern dramatic writer ? 
 
 Does not uniformity, and identity, of Character, duly preserved, adapt an Ancient Plan to 
 its representation in Modern times ? 
 
 For instance, can any Plan be conceived, which is more remote from the notions, and usages, 
 of Modern times than the Plan of this Ancient drama of Iphigenia in Aulide ? 
 
 I dare not venture to state how alien would its bare, naked, Plan, divested of uniformity of 
 Character, or, represented with altered, and changed, Characters, appear to the sober plain 
 reason, or, to the informed understanding, of an Englishman, and a Christian : 
 
 That, "a detachment of the Mighty English fleet could be supposed, to have remained, for a 
 ** length of time, and could, within the remotest possibility, still, continue, wind-bound in 
 *' port, that, the Metropolitan of all England should demand an audience of the King of Great 
 ♦' Britain, and, should advise his Majesty, who must, previously, consult the Cabinet, and, then, 
 *' submit such a proposal to the further consideration of Parliament, and, afterwards, issue 
 *' orders accordingly to the Board of Admiralty, to go down to port, through, and amidst, his 
 " People, with the Princess Royal, already betrothed to her husband, who should be present, 
 " upon the spot, and there, at port, before the fleet, and in presence of the army, to immolate 
 "her, the father his own daughter, that, the completion of this ridiculous proposal was, now, 
 *♦ the only means left which could enable the nation to make foreign war, moreover, that, the 
 *'■ Good of the Country exacted it, in fine, that, piety towards Goo demanded it, and, that, 
 " Religion required it. " 
 
 Ridicule, lam aware, proves iiothing : Ridicule, I know, is not any test of Truth ; and, if 
 I could havebiought myself to venture upon the preceding statement, it is not, most certainly, 
 to employ the assistance of ridicule ; but, only, solely, merely, exclusively, and entirely, to 
 adduce an illustrative exemplification in further prosecution of this train of reasoning. 
 
 This illustration may, perhaps, be considered as the quaint sophistrv" of 3n extreme case, 
 droliy conceived, hunted out, and brought to prop a crazy argument : If so, I beg the favour 
 of my reader to accept my excuses for having used it : I desire that the last part of this note 
 may be regarded as unsaid : Willingly, do I consent that it may be withdraw'u : It matters 
 not: My General Argument, still, will remain untouched. 
 
34 
 
 from another .Iramatic wri.or, may not alter ti.e Characters, and the Plan 
 so as to spoil the general effect, an.l to vitiate the harmony of the whole 
 interest : I, hehoves him, they maintain, to shcvv his art, in preservinr a 
 TO vrp^TTO,, always, and at all times, in eonduclinj; all ranks, an.l orders 
 .0 proeced as <r.<Tro,;.;«, so, that, in the general march, there may he 
 no dtsloeafon of individual parts, hut, an uniform, ref;ular, conducted, 
 co-ordination of all things, making up One General Whole: 
 
 A drama, they say with Bacon, is "yeluti Ilistoria spcctahilis [El"- 
 and, m that, as well as in all acts which hccome suhjected to the work- 
 manship of the human understanding, there should be an harmony of 
 Ail us parts, so as to form. One, proportionate, general. Unity. " 
 
 In the drama of "Phcdrc", they, ineffectually, .eek those natural sym- 
 pathies, those verisimilar relations, that agreement of parts, that unifor- 
 mity of character, and, that harmony of plan, which are to he foun.l in 
 Euripides: On the contrary, they say, that Racine has changed, alte- 
 red, spoilt, denaturalized, degraded, a.lulterated, discoloured', sophis- 
 ticated, deteriorated, lowered, alienated, enfeebled, defalcated from 
 mutilated, deformed, not only. All the Characters, hut, most iniu- 
 riously, the Plan, also, of this .Irama of Euripides : Such persons hal, 
 alter words to express their mature, and most decide.l, opinion. 
 
 That power of .he mind which lays, most, in the asscmblageof ideas- 
 and, wluch, aptly, with quickness, and variety, puts those, forcther' 
 wherein can he found any resemblance, or cong.uity, is vcrv .I'istinct 
 from judgment [I'], which, proceeding by abstraction. One Act of the 
 mind Se,.arates carefully. One, from Another, ideas wherein can be 
 found the least difference,- thereby, to avoid being misled by simili- 
 tude, and, J>y affinity, to take One thing, for Another. 
 
 In having ideas unconfuscd, in being able, nicely, to distinguish One 
 thing, from Another, wherein there is but the least difference, consists 
 in a great measure, exactness of judgment, and, clearness of reason. ' 
 
 [E] reluli Hhloria spectabilis. ] De Augment : Scienliar : lib. II, cap. i3. 
 
 IF] Dh,inct/ro,„ juHgrnen,,] Abeunte in paries Ra.ionis Phanlasia, Batio fit superior 
 
 Baco>-, de Augment : Scientiar : lib. VI, cap. 3. See the whole chapter. 
 
 35 
 
 As, Simple Ideas arc observed to exist in divers combinations united to- 
 fjether, so, the mind has a power to consider, Many, and Several, of 
 them United tO(;ether, as. One Idea : and, That, nol only, as they are 
 United in external objects, but, as Itself has formed them. 
 
 Ideas thus made up of Many, and Several, Simple ones put torcther, 
 become Complex Ideas. 
 
 ^^ -Rinht understanding-," says Locke [G], "consists hi the perception of 
 ^^ the visible, or probable, af^reement, or disa(5recment, of Complex 
 "Ideas, according to their modes, substances, or, relations." 
 
 As, by its^Connective, Unifying}, power, the Mind, views One in Many; 
 m Many individuals, One (general idea; in Many general ideas. One 
 proposition ; in Many propositions, One syllo^jism ; ^tii], by connec- 
 ting, justly, syllogism with syllogism, at length. It fixes, establishes, 
 proves, demonstrates, certainty in its reasonings on Pure Truth : 
 
 So, by its Separating power, the Mind, now proceeding by abstrac- 
 tion, one of its acts, or, operations, perceives, and considers, Many, 
 in One. 
 
 A microscopic mind, they say, sees, in .Many, a part only, magnifies 
 that part, and hastily, and partially, forms a decision, without calcula- 
 ting, how disproportionate, and fallacious, may be the hasty, and dis- 
 proportionate, decision, it has superficially, or partially, formed. "Qui 
 pauca respiciunt", says Aristode, "de facili pronunciant. " 
 
 But, a great mind embracing the Whole of a subject, in a broad, 
 general, enlarged, comprehensive, view, and, seeing, not only, all its' 
 natural bearings, its verisimilar relations, its consistencies, its congrui- 
 ties, its various associations, its analogies, and, its harmonies; but', all 
 its remotest contingencies, all its nicest dependencies, all its balancinP- 
 counterpoises, all the dissections to which it may be subject, all its divi"^ 
 sion.s, and subdivisions, all its possible distiibutions, all its illegitimate 
 anomalies, draws in each of its parts, and, as it were, purses them 
 up, conducts them to one regular point of a just logical deduction, 
 and, at length, comes out with, one, harmonious conclusion, which 
 
 [Gj Loc/,e] On Human understanding. Book II , chap. i3. 
 
 \ 
 
36 
 
 is applicable, not only, to All its Parts, hut, to One General Whole 
 and perfcet Unity, which, can he proved to he incontrovertihly true,' 
 and, may he incontestahly demonstrated. 
 
 ^ These General Positions they apply, not only, to inquiries into Pure 
 Truth; not only, to researches in Science; not only, to the various works 
 and energies, of Art, which are Composites of Science, and Experience' 
 Theorems in Science, used, Practically: not onlv, to a drama, Particu- 
 larly; hut, Generally, to all questions, and to all acts whatever, Con- 
 neciive, or separative, which hecome submitted to the workmanship of 
 the Human Understanding, that Faculty of the iMind where Knowledre 
 lesides, " 
 
 As, they will not admit a doubt that xMorality is capable of demonstra- 
 tion, by just reasoning; so, they maintain that Science, as well as Art, ami 
 by consequence, a Drama, ought to be reasoned upon, justly, ami re- 
 quires [11] a truth of judgment, a consecutive aptness of deduction an 
 accuracy, preciseness, and certainty, of knowledge, a rightness of under- 
 standing, and, in result, an harmony of All its Parts producing One 
 general Whole, and complete Unity. 
 
 [H]^../ hy consequence, a Drarnaoughttohe reasoned upon, Justly, an.l requires, etc.] 
 The I Ian of a drama requires an harmony in all its parts producing, One, General, AVhole 
 One, Perfect, and, Complete, Unity : That is essential, and necessary : It is not requil 
 red of Dramatic, or any, Poetry, to teach Science. 
 
 ~ phantasia Scientias fere non parit: siquidem, Poesis, qu^ a principio Pban.as.* 
 attnbuta est, pro lusu potlus ingenii, quara pr6 Scientia, habenda. 
 
 Baco:., de Augment: Scientiar: Lib. V, cap. i. See the >. hole chapter. 
 
 AVhoever ^vrote the book of Job, or, at whatever period it was written; yet is not its 
 poetry very fine : but, is its Astronomy correct ? 
 
 Is not the Poetry of the book of Psalms most beautifuP Are not the Psalm., and 
 Those, chiefly, which are peculiarly Lyric, and, were, publickly, sung, or chanted' 
 by the Levites, indeed, admirable, for the music of their rythm, the melody of their 
 Jiumbers, and, the enchanting magic of their versification ? but, shall the Book of 
 I salms, always, be assented to m matters of Science ' 
 
 Can there be finer Poetry, than That of I^iah: but, is Isaiah, mvariably, right, in 
 Science, and, inArts? ' J» * fa"^j 
 
 / 
 
 37 
 This Oneness, they affirm, cannot be obtained by any other process, 
 whatever, than the One above stated. 
 
 They say, moreover, that every thing requires that appropriate proof, 
 which is peculiarly essential to the nature of the thing to be proved: A 
 failure in this, they affirm, produces aberration from Truth. 
 
 Nay more, they say, that in This lays a main Cause of Error, where 
 men, exact a mode of reasoning, or, require a proof, which is not, spe- 
 cially, peculiarly, and appropriately, applicable to the essential nature of 
 the thing to be proved : 
 
 As, for instance, when they require the adaptation of a Poetical truth, 
 to a Rhetorical analogy : to Rhetoric, a manner of simple, close, un- 
 mixed. Logic [I]: to a Logical conclusion, an assent which is of the 
 pure essence of Faith alone: to a credence of Faith, a Theological [K] 
 certainty: to Theology, useless disquisitions of Scholastic [L] Erudition: 
 
 [I] Logic:] Here, the word is used to signify the Art, properly, of logic. 
 
 [K] to a credence of Faith, a Theological certainty : ] Shall I allude to the History cf the 
 Quinquarlicular Controversy, on the Five points of, Election, Redemption, Original Sin, 
 Effectual Grace, and, Perseverance j to the discussions of the Synod of Dort, and of the 
 Faculties of Divinity, at Louvain, and, at Douay, relating to Grace, Free-Wili, and, Pre- 
 destination; to the Ten Years Labour of the Congregation de Auxiliis ; to the Nature 
 of the Pelagian, and, the distinctions of the Semi-Pelagian, opinions; to the Tenets of the 
 Molinists, and, on the other side, of the Thomists, Jansenists, and Geneva- Calvinists. 
 
 Inextricable doubt ! Endless perplexity ! 
 
 They reasoned high 
 
 Of providence, fore-knowledge, will, and fate, 
 Fix'd Fate, Free-Will, Fore-knowledge absolute. 
 And found no end, in wandering mazes lost. 
 
 Par : Lost. 
 [L] Useless disquisitions of Scholastic Erudition : ] The reader, if he pleases, may refer 
 to the numerous volumes, in-folio, closely printed, of Tostatus : in them, He may find 
 erudite disquisitions upon " 3Ioses's breeches", " Esau's porridge", etc. 
 
38 
 to a jargon of offensive, and hypocritical, pedantry of the Schools 
 insignificant requirements, har.l, unprofaable, exactions, supcrsiiiion^ 
 observances: to Superstition, Rehgion: to the plain, and simple, beauty, 
 to the fa.r form , of pure, atid undefiled, Rdigion, false refinements 
 litter deformities, sophisticated conceits, of Metaphysical subtlety • to 
 Metaphysics, a distributive process of ratiocination, peculiarly rele- 
 vant, and proper, only, to Dialectics : to Dialectics, an liihical mode: 
 to Eihics, inductions ^vhich result out of Politics [M], exclusively : 
 to Politics, such an assimilation as arises out of Historical evidence: 
 to History, narrative, or, inductive, no discrimination whatever, but 
 such relations, Generally, as are applicable, very much, to several ex- 
 traneous events, to various causes, to many accidental, and heterore- 
 neous, considerations, and, essentially, to the nature of Man : to That 
 disquisitions upon Physiology, blended, and confused, ^vi.l. Patholorv' 
 to 1 athology, even corporeal Experiment : to Experimental Philosophv' 
 such proofs, mixed ^vitb, not separated from, those, «hich appcrfain 
 pecuharly, ,o Botany, and Chemistry, and, ^vhieh appiv, chiefly, to 
 Materia Medica : to Materia Medica, a reasoning, purely- Anatomical: 
 to an Anatomical evidence, an illustrative proof, solely, exclusively, 
 Mechanic [N] : to Mechanics, a Mathematical demonstration : ,o a Ma- 
 
 [iM] PoUiics, ) Thi. word i,, here, used in its, original, derivalive, sense. 
 
 [T!q to an Anatomical evidence, an iUaslrati.e proof, solely, exclusively. Mechanic ■ 1 
 In further exemplification of my general position, I adduce the two following particular 
 instances, m which it happens that Men, with regard to matters of Science, have brought 
 forward a mode of reasoning, which is not aptly commensurate, and, ,„cely apposite to 
 the essential nature of the question to be treated, have not duly availed themselves of the 
 Separating power of their mmd, ba,e viewed, in some sort. One, in Many. 
 
 There have been .Men, who, in considering Digestion, .ha, wonderful, connected, agency 
 vvhereby .s renovated, incessantly, and continually, the creation of GOD, have attributed 
 
 AnotheTrT-: On. 'o the One cause, Only, of solution by the Gastric Juice,; 
 
 Another, o Tn.uraUon, and, the Compression of the Coats of the Stomach : Each ha 
 accounted for .,, accordmg to his peculiar, favourite, system, fancifully, and, falsely. 
 
 There have been Men, too, who, in contemplating the Hand of Man. That never ,o be 
 sufficiently admired Instrument given to Him by the Plastic Author of nature, whereby 
 Ml is ena led to command the Universe, have descanted upon it. systema.icallv. fanci- 
 lull , falsely: and. finding a similar Anatomical configuration in the hand of the Oran- 
 Oulang. and, even the antagonistic power of the thumb, and four lingers, have confounded, 
 
 3<) 
 thcmaiical certainty, a confused, indiscriminate, uncompounded. Arith- 
 metical proof: to an Arithmetical truth, a proof applicable, solely, to 
 
 in some sort. Comparative, with. Human. Anatomy : Each of which are to be considered 
 Separately, and, Distinctly, though, One illustrates, and elucidates, the Other. 
 
 I am well aware, that, what follows does nnt \rr^r^..A' I \ • 
 : .1 1- , °* '™™^^"**^'y arise out of the argument contained 
 
 in the preceding note, .nd, the train of reasoning of the fore.oin. n..P. &"™^"^°J^t^^"^d 
 was written : foregoing pages, for which the note 
 
 stau 'ih'nt I'al'T' "' T^^'l "J" ^"^ ^ ^'^ '^'^^^ ^' ^^^"^ ^ -<»"'S-^ - ^o allow me to 
 of the Sou K ™r -TTt '' '"'"' ^ ^^^''"^^ presumptive argument, for the Immortality 
 
 of the Soul, m«y be furnished hy the Death, Conversion, and. Digestion, of Body. 
 
 I am led into this train of reasoning, by much reflection on the Immortality of the Soull 
 
 l>y no doubt whatever, and, by observinc an omission nf x\.^ ok 
 
 ».« L /*N u- u I IT, »ciYii.|, an omission ot the above argument in very many 
 
 books (6) which lately I have read upon this subject. ^ ^ 
 
 T J I. TT- 1 • ^^ Sererml 
 
 1 do but Hint this argument, cursorilv, and bv fliA V^ . r>.u ji . . '^t"*- A"- 
 
 ,.^ , , , ^' ' xjy the by: Others may dilate upon it, ff ^ent, and M». 
 
 they may deem it to be good, and serviceable : . J i ■> j^„ j^ ^^^^ 
 
 And, I have given them a favourable opportunity, for, I have left, by my last Will, and/"'""'" 
 7TT .^r.^'^'^"""^ P^"^^ ^'-''"o to the disposal of the President, for the time being, 
 of he Royal Society, in England, which aforesaid sum of Two Thousand Pounds sterling He 
 .hall, and may repay, i„ full, and, without any diminution whatever, and, according to His 
 judgment, and di.cretion, and, without being subject to any controul, or responsability, to such 
 person, orpersons, as He, and, the CouncU of the aforesaid Royal Society, shall, and may, nomi- 
 nate appoint or employ, to write, print, and, expose to public sale, a work on the Power, 
 Wisdom and, Goodness, of GOD, as manifested in the Creation, illustrating such work by all 
 reasonable arguments; a. for instance, the Variety, and. Formation, of GOD's Creatures, in the 
 Animal, Vegetable -d I.nera , kingdom.., the effect of Digestion, and thereby, of Conversion, 
 the construction of the Hand of Man, and, an, almost infinite, number of oUi'; Rational Argu- 
 men.s, and also, by P.scovenes, ancient, and modern, and, Generally, by whatever may serve the 
 purpose of the writer, or writers, in A. ts, in Science, through the whole extent of Literature 
 Erudition, and Omne Scientibile. in setting forth, displaying, evidencing, manifesting, illus-' 
 trating, proving, the Power, Wisdom, and. Goodness, of GOD in the Creation. 
 
 And, I have required that the said President, shall, and may, be enabled by my executor, or 
 executors, to pay m advance to such person, or persons, as aforesaid. Three Hundred Poundi 
 sterling, out of, and. in part of, the aforesaid sum of Two Thousand Pounds sterling during 
 the .nt.ng of the said work, and, moreover, in advance. Five Hundred Pounds sterling out 
 
 otti: laid Toi:' '^^^'^^^"^' ^""^ °'^^^'^ ^'^"^^"'^ '-'' ''-'"'^ '-'-^ ^^^ p'^-^"^ 
 
 r Inv. also furnished another favourable opportunity, for I hare given, in the Mme manner, 
 
4o 
 
 connnuous .(uanti.y : ,o a Geou.e.rical .ru.h, such a proof as is anpl.ca- 
 oi bcience [O], and, tl.e whole extent of liuman Knowlclue. 
 
 Here is the argument In a few wor^ls : 
 
 v-uiivtision, diKi, U'-^cstion, or. Either m- R/^tl. . n .1 ■ t 
 «ant,v, and, cont.nna,.,, U. Ma'tena, Create: :; GOO ' ' '^ ^^""^"^''' ^""^■ 
 
 :i:^^S;::'^Man Ls th'^;:'^'^.:ri;::::::^::tr^ a Bn.l eats G..: TheGra.heco.ne.aB.n: 
 Hunt... E.qui- .._ , . ^^^ ^ . ':^ ^"" ^^^"'"^^ a ^^^•»"- A Shark eats a Man; and a Man becomes a 
 
 III lit ';r " ; ,, ''T '^^rr, ' "''' '^"^^ '^^""" ^"- ^ -^^' - on- 
 
 r- t% ^' sh™ dLlve ; 1 ' ' ^" ' '"'' " ^"^' '''' ""'''' ^'"'^ '^^^•'^^ -^^ «" -»-»» -t inherit, 
 
 JooorL;:,;?:„^ ,^' d-ssoUe and leave not a .reck behind", though impressed upon Matter bv GOD th 
 SvJ.a. Creator, .s not impressed by GOD, the Creator, upon Spirit ' 
 
 Where is the Reason .hv, Where is the Law by which, GOD, tl. Creator, ha, oxda.'ned 
 that he Soul, or Spn.t, Dies, or, suffers Conversion, or, Digestion^ 
 
 may, yel, be noticed, an omission, and a neglect, into which, Certain Men of Science 
 hve been too prone to fall, occasioned, ,n some degree, they think, becat.se These 
 have not at all times, duly employed the Separating power of their mind. 
 May this be termed an Error? may it be called an Omission, and, a Neglect^ 
 At aU events, I shall beg leave to notice it. ' ' S • 
 
 As, Method, and due Arrangement, are the "sine qua non " of business, in public or 
 :::Z:Vt;C-r'''^ ^--^--' -— -^ i^ofthev^ynlre,':^ 
 
 This position is unifotmly exact, in every possible case whatever; whether, Logic or 
 L : S:r^ -ether, to res'earct:-::' 
 
 and c/e »-'^--orks, and energies, of Art, >. Inch are Composites of Science 
 
 and, of E.per.enee, or, Theorems m Science, brought tnto PractKal use. 
 
 i^ -, they say, in .aturT. ' ' " "''"^^'' -'"''' ^^^^ ^^^^^ '• ^ 
 
 4i 
 
 This cause of Error [P] will be made still more apparent^ when we 
 
 GOD is the Author of nature, they will reply; and, therefore, when we speak of 
 Nature, we mean to speak of the Author of nature. 
 
 This may be, in some sort, very well : But, Why, is this meaning, so frequently, 
 sub-understood, so seldom, in totidem verbis, expressed? Why, is it not, more often, 
 stated, explicitly, indirect terms? Why, must it remain to be gathered by implication? 
 Does not every thing center in the Author of nature, in the One Great First Cause? Does 
 it not behove the creature, man, to finish in his CREATOR, and. Lis GOD ? 
 
 Moreover: is it not by means of his Reasoning Faculty that man is enabled to contemplate 
 Science? 
 
 Who has given the creature his Reasoning Faculty ? 
 Is it not his CREATOR? 
 Is it not GOD? 
 
 Does it then, behove the creature, man, to omit any occasion of employing Lis reasoning* 
 faculty in the praise, and glory, of his CREATOR, and, his GOD ? 
 
 Still, furtLer: as, I consider Woman to be the most lovely, the most perfect, form 
 so, I contemplate Man as the noblest work, of the Creation. 
 
 i<- ;. 
 
 " What a piece of work is a Man ! Low noble, in reason ! how infinite, in faculties! 
 in form and moving, how express, and admirable ! inaction, how like an angel ! in 
 '' apprehension, Low bke a god ! the beauty of tLe world ! the paragon of animals ! " 
 
 Hamlet. 
 Ought not, then, this '^ Quintessence of dust" into which GOD "has breathed the 
 breatL of life", and, Las given it to become '' a living soul", not only, " love tLe Lord 
 his God, witL all his heart, with all his soul, and, with all his strength"; but, mo- 
 reover, omit no occasion of employing All the j)0wers of his "mind", in the service, and, 
 to the honour, of, the Creator, 
 
 GOD ? 
 
 [P] This cause 0/ Error] A distinct inquiry into this Cause of Error would run into 
 great length; would require a special discussion, a peculiar, approj)riate, explanation; 
 would demand a separate disquisition; would need a sedulous pursuit, an accurate in- 
 vestigation, a very recondite, elaborate, and, scientific, exemplification; would call for " 
 much more talent, and a far greater extent of Knowledge, tLan tLat wLicL I possess. 
 
 I must confine myself wilLin tLe limits of my inadequate abilities : - 
 
4i 
 
 ronsidtT those shades of difference, Mhich seem, in some regard, asso- 
 ciated : 
 
 As, for instance, thoun;h the Generic term, Music, includes tlie several 
 
 An.l, I shall notice, only in general, that a Man must know Manv things before lie 
 can be rendered capable of reasoning, rightly, upon One : He must possess a discrimina- 
 ting force of understanding . He must use that separating power of the Mind, by y^hkh 
 It is enabled to perceive, and to consider, 3Ianv. in One. 
 
 (8)iopro,ecu. "^^'^'^"y' ^^^^^'^^' separate, distinct, different, considerations enter into the One of 
 r^liryT'oi^ng ^'"'^'^^'"^ Grammar ? for instance. Consonants and Uieir configuralion (8), the formation 
 re*"aVi,TjV.e''^^'''^^^*' Alphabets, Points, Accents, the Etymology, and Meaning, of Words, Hie- 
 rcd^VT^r^^^'^^'^'"' '^'^^^^™™^'^ of Particular Languages, the Character of the Nation (9), the 
 luhiect"finvel Aberrations, Confusion, and, Difference, of Tongues, the Mode of communicatinfr Ideas 
 
 tisation, the .i-nri-i-wiTT " 'v**-" 
 
 Mode of Ariih- to the Deaf and Dumb, Idioms, Modes, All Parts of Speech; in short. Speech, in its va 
 ralio" in iTseiious, manifold, multitudinous, points of view; Speech, whereby Man seems to be the 
 
 Characters, con- Tj'i-n-.fmT i.i«„ ' ' 
 
 tiuucd, to thi, «'Sh-Priest of ^ature ordained to offer up to GOD the sacrifice of Praise, andXhankscivine 
 
 dav, and, now, r »l.i'- <.,„ bO' 
 
 sohencd, and ^^^ "ic mutc, and inanimate, part of the Creation. 
 
 rounded, into 
 the Letters I. 
 V. X. L. C. 
 D. M. 
 It mav he snr- 
 
 t.:'l^;^T '^^^ ^^^^^ ^°*^^^«" •* i"*^ ^"^ "6^'^ and true: The train of Reasoning which may 
 
 nterS ;i ^^ ^^'^"'^^^ ^'°"' ''^ '''"' inconsequence, be correct; and, the Principle is founded upon 
 
 l'X^lZ:):r^^^^'''''^''^''''''''^''^'^^''''S'' obeying that Order, which GOD, the Creator, has impressed 
 the hand and upon uature. 
 
 finpers, the arm 
 
 and elbow, of tjt i_ 
 
 dt- ^anrre!'u°i- ^'""'^^ ^"^ "'^" ^'' ^^'""^ " ^^^ Powcfs of Miud can bc known, only, by its Opc- 
 
 ltt'of^d""ra'-c' "*'°"* ■ ^'^ Separative power is One of its Operations, or, Acts : GOD, then, has willed 
 iTe adinced bV that hc should excrcisc this SejKiraling ])ower : HE has willed that, in Manv, man should 
 
 the necesMtv . r\. /• i i t. •» . n " J»*wuivi 
 
 were^th^treat'*"^' prcfcrably : Has HL not willed that no One Man should, preferably, 
 
 landed proprie- cxccl ill ihc Mauj subdivisious of, any One Art, or Science? 
 
 tors of very an- 
 cient times f the TVf «t, if • 10. 
 
 Adoniin of those i>lan, thcu, must of ncccssilv, usc the Separating powcr of his Mlud ; and chuAe One 
 
 davs) to reckon, tft. o- -i-ii, ' ^.'"t 
 
 count, and num- part ot auy Art, or Science, in which he desires, preferably, to excel. 
 
 ber, their flocks, 
 
 Jjc'auiel'oftn Can the Lyric Poet, excel in Epic Poetry? The Epic Poet in Dramatic writing? And, 
 
 sorts, manners, jq qj^^ 
 and, descrip- 
 tions. . 
 
 'J he agent, or 
 stpTTard, emplo- 
 yed, bvhisAdon, 
 to count, and rp . ^ . 
 
 number the To thc Gencric term, Painting, how much the Mind must use its Sonaralin«T nower 
 
 several droves, J • m • O j/v»tci, 
 
 de'^topallbe/o"; > '^^ Many, in One; whether, it contemplates Painting in its various subdivisions of 
 
 hiiB,aiid,to8We t'lowers, Landscapes, Portraits, Historical Painting, etc.? 
 
 io a derailed, 
 and accuiate, 
 account of the 
 state of each, ge- 
 nerally, as well 
 ai, particularly, 
 stood before, 
 ■nd, in front 
 of, a wall, or 
 partition, 
 which was at ],;, 
 side, or, at his 
 back The se- 
 veral animals 
 '»ere driven <.o 
 ■s to pass ia 
 review before 
 fiiw ; and, aa 
 he counted, he, 
 also, numbered 
 them, by making 
 a mark upon the 
 •»an, or parti- 
 lioo, which waa 
 at his side, or, 
 baik : taking 
 special care that 
 the substance 
 with which he 
 marked the 
 numbers, 
 should be of a 
 colour differeot 
 from the sub- 
 stance on nhicb 
 he marked the 
 numbers ; or, 
 if it was a sharp 
 suh»tance, that 
 it should im- 
 press a mark, 
 which should 
 remuio very vi- 
 sible upon the 
 wall, or parti- 
 tion, 00 which 
 He counted, ami 
 ■wahcred, in 
 •Her that He 
 might give in a 
 full, aud accu- 
 rate, account t« 
 his Lord. 
 
 Holding up 
 (he paln<s of 
 one of bis bands, 
 ( that which he 
 would), before 
 Uu •Jf, ^ 
 
 43 
 
 Uuit, nl.iih 
 uiarks were dc 
 aignated lij each 
 o( bis four Ga- 
 fers A vertKal 
 >Bai'k, dcuutuig 
 <*Be finger, 
 "Suified number 
 <'nf, or, th»e 
 
 Uait, as thus I 
 ttnd, by tbiit me- 
 thod, hc obtai- 
 ned marks for 
 
 1 I I I or four 
 Cniti, 
 
 |^_,..„.,,4tli,stinctionsof, Chrom.i.ic, Diatonic, and. Enharmonic; yet, each mode »„.„ .rw 
 »ark for each requires its peculiar, and attributive, process. 'at.on..qui,ed, 
 
 ^ X * as vull as en;i- 
 
 bkd. him, t<j 
 procure a ntw, 
 
 Did ever any man, preferably, excel in All these branches ? ^^^ti^c't? "-L, 
 
 at each Five, 
 which number. 
 Five, when dou- 
 bled, makes a 
 Decimal ; and, 
 resulted, natu- 
 rally, out of 
 the lines which 
 _. gave him the fi- 
 
 I need not enumerate the mulli.uJinons Instances, to which I might allude : The fore- h";^;!:.'"'^ 
 naturally fur- «"*"& Tcmark IS of Univcrsal application. P^'" "^ •^■•h'-r 
 
 niched i,im his °^ ''" ^•l"^''' 
 
 Four Fingers. • iouldT tS* 
 
 ^rl^llct: ^"'' I ^^'«" 'peak, in further continuation, of such, only, as have fallen within my own E/K^'S" 
 I^ntVTLif 7o' "'^^'^^^^e P^^^^^'f^^' anJ. observation. lower ru,.. ; .„d, 
 
 him on looking ^^"^^'^ ^T"" 
 
 • t hi, hand, wa! ^V' '?^u 
 
 That which arm^'lh fi 
 
 t^thrl: and' ^^^>'' '' '^'^ ^^"^'^"^ wildness of visionary projectors so absolutely impracticable ^ may '•'•„-^-^' -'- 
 V.Tu.:' ''^' 'T^ "^^°"^' and disgusting? Is it not, chiefly, because such projectors see BSlS 
 could count on ^^ ^^^^' ^"^^' °^ ^^^'^ P^^u, and employ all their little Knowledge upon that One rr^'^f*^'^^ '"'•'' 
 **At'Te„, or P^'"^' "^^""^ ' ^^^^"^e t^'ey are incapable of taking, One, General, Comprehensive view t"''""" ''^ 
 lutuv'^^se":: ^^ '^'''' *"^i^^^' «"d, can not consider Many, in One; but, see, partiallv, alone not 1^^?°^-^'^ 
 *t::;Z.^ generally, nor, comprehensively. That which they best understand, That favourite system f^^-^^ 
 -»k V he, to which they are wedded. ^ t7:\:,^tl 
 
 irfj'tiZ "«^' insufferable would it become, to hear an agent drawl out a pedantical talk upon -V'p--U 
 frd:i:;;rr^^ ^^:^°-^-^^ I^-^-- -' Hydraulics, to his Lord, who, practically, was occupied in xhl^T '-* 
 
 r^^r^:::^: "^^"^^"^ ^ ^'^-g^^'« canai ? ^ '^ ^" Jn'ar.;d5:cZ, 
 
 first mark of °°' ^" ^^ arri- 
 
 ri„ V'-'- «"«' ^PO'sible >vould it be, to permit him to descant an useless jargon upon theT''^" "- 
 ::?u.:;""t'L';^"'"''' IWlples of Metallurgy. «hen his Lord was, practiealiv, engaged in boL- for ™'' "' '"■" 
 ^C^:i^'"^'' <■"■■ (B-'iford) Ltme, or, for Iron, Lead, Copper, or, o'tl.er Minerals ? A^'THZ 
 
 trd as thus A . . „ j*^^' ^^ '="'> 
 
 /\» • "S""", to seek 
 
 another mark, 
 
 to that, hc, now, 
 had obtained the 
 vertical mark of 
 Fi\e, and the 
 inverted mark 
 of Five, making, 
 when added to- 
 gtlLcr, Ten; as 
 
 >n procuring 
 '^hich, he obser- 
 ved (he same 
 method, that, 
 previously, he 
 had adopted. 
 He doubled the 
 icai'k 
 
 for u.e several . " ° ^ '' ---""'^" '" "'^ xuu consmcration ot any One The fi,,:^ 
 
 hc° w'as enlbt'd !'""'''""' ^''"'"'' '^''^^ ^^ ^'^^""^"' ^"' ^" ^'' ' ^^'' °'«^«^ ^f « Chronomcler, for VS 
 
 to count as far mstaucc, must know Many more things than the One mensuration of Time. ~ *""' " 
 
 as Fiftv. 
 
 At Fifty, he Comprehensive 
 
 vrcll as a mark -r 1 i nr i • loark I 
 
 iorFtve, and. In short, Many things must previously be known in the full consideration of any One The fi!.~„„,, 
 
 leStion. wTlich DreSPnts iteolf in «#.;^r.^.» ^^ ;„ A^*. TI i . r ^,^ . or figure, still 
 
 remained ver- 
 o . . *'cal : He in- 
 
 OCience is vencd the ac- 
 
 had, ,,a.n, to , " . , ^' ^^'""^ " ^''''^'- ^^^'^ '"^"""'^ Knowlcdgc of Onc thing, not only, helps ^^'^Z'r 
 
 mL ToXr ^'''*''' ' "^'P'"^' ''^ Another; is, as it were, an handmaid to Another. The several T tttlnr 
 
 bT'enli.7f: ^T'"''' ;^ ^"''"'^ "^"'^ ^^^™ ^"^ ^^"^^^' Whole: They must march together, nt:^ *„7 ^^f* 
 aignify F.nv: "'^ /^a'^"*' «f • Mauv things must be kiiown, must bc considered, in One doubled, acces- 
 
 for, the method ' *"T> inverted, 
 
 by which he Tli<» -noff^^t'^ f /^ • • ^S^re, which, 
 
 obtained hi. ^ "^ pcriection ot Genius is, greatly to conceive; and, well to execute. ^'^^ '** "'^"^ 
 
 right line for- 
 
44 
 
 •.ej.riBi.1..- Universal Grammar passes into Many tlislributions: 1)iit, to Each and .., . 
 
 •jle, and which, _ !••• J"»iv» which xgaififd 
 
 .ireadv, iu en. Lvery, divisioii appertain its Separate subdivisions. fl^'^^'^.^"t' 
 
 lost.inre, n^J " •• » r .•.^«-^».w. in order to ob- 
 
 beenf„r„..w Ma thcmatics must be Separated into its Many, Several, operations, -^"'t-^ 
 
 ,,.l _r *1 1 Ti^ . ^. . _ . * ' nu.d, siUJ, to 
 
 observe the 
 
 to Him i.v one ^ ^ _, . ^ w w v,. « , . who, 
 
 ""o'i 'the" whether, of Algebra, Equations, Fluxions, Lorrarithms, Sections of the 
 
 to the /--i|. - 11/ **' same method 
 
 cess £roi 
 
 «lbow to the ^ .. II 7 v/inu ^^axr method 
 
 Stlmthe^''"^' """'^ *^' properties, those of the Cycloid, and, so Many other, :>i::;;/hTh.d 
 ianXhrpi,^^^o^^^^°Cf to the Separate manner, in ^vhich the Science treats of its One -W puci^c 
 rrSd'":';;n1r^"J^ject, the predicament of quantity. Z^'T^f' 
 
 guonslyto, iia- rp i>I ^ . 1 t^ . *■■»'" '°8''' °f 
 
 rtldXr^r A^l^^^to^^^' and Poetry, is necessary a sound, and, severe. Logic ; ;t.,trt 
 Z'^Z's^'T^ty'^^' ^^Sic may subsist without Rhetoric, and, Poetry. C'' rZ:' 
 
 hX:,:"^ In Optics, are two attributes which never can be viewed, but asso-'-'-X- 
 
 the right angle, * » 1 l 111 "''* "'' *^' ^° 
 
 :l^:J^ ""'^^^'^^ ^*'''''' '^''"''^ ^^^^ however, exist such a Science as Optics, if iSj If r^hJ 
 iSdH-:''^^" ^'^''^ '"^J^^^ ^^ '^^ necessity of contemplating Colour concreted Sar tot 
 
 the other arm -yyjth Figure. l"""^ ".'^•?«' 
 
 Ihe other of U 
 
 the two lines of 
 the ahore-ineu- 
 tioned right an- 
 gle of the said 
 inverted figure, 
 formed, as afo- 
 resaid, he pla- 
 ced, marked, or, 
 
 figure, nhich 
 alreadv had gi- 
 ven him his 
 fir>t-u»ed ana, 
 he detached th« 
 two figures, that 
 
 The above position will be rendered, yet still, more evident, if the :i\iBil 
 
 rv.,„^^^* „1 1,1 l_ _ • 1 . Each, distinct- 
 
 ly: On two fides, 
 were the two 
 
 ced, marked, or, 1 l i i ■'J 
 
 described abo- argumcut should be carried to a greater extent. 
 
 Se'ith^'L "o^^ al^su^d would it be to go about to prove, by Experimental Phi-^sTt JL^oV 
 
 of the rieht l^^^^U.. l"l' •! i.i . J I njing the right 
 
 iu.es ofthevcr-^osoph^, wliich IS occupicd, exclusivclv, with Tanmble, Corporeal and '^'"°"^' •^y 
 
 tical figure, or, »» 111* •! . ^ ^ T } wiavi, „„, ^^.^ , ^^ 
 
 tical figure, or, mT^|| i- .,' ^.i " " ' ' 
 
 Mutable, objects, either Arithmetic, or Geometry, or Lof^ic? 
 
 the two other 
 
 sides, were the 
 
 two right lines 
 
 Lalf square ; 
 
 and thtJi^ by ' j ■' {j — - ..— ^-, r.,..^ mo 
 
 ZTb:^: ^Mathematics, have contributed, (I say the least of their mighty force ), ff^S''^^^^^^^ 
 and, IneTnv'er- ^^ ^^c subHmcst iuquiHcs, as well as, to the profoundest researches into^"**'y"''°'"" 
 
 ted, presented o • 1 , ^ ***'^" "rm : Under thU 
 
 .tseif.hi^jjnc Science j and, procure, therein, most certain proofs, and, demonstra- fi^TraWX'"-" 
 !!" W' ^^^"'- "^^^' ^'^'^y absurd would it be, that, even Mathematics should bVeiit'^r 
 l^^itVut be made to become, not so much a Furtherance, as an Obstacle to'-'''>--'^ 
 
 not a >qiiare C * I A 1 111 ' doulled, that it 
 
 rt^fourth^de ^^^*^"ee' ^"" ye^ some there have been, who, not rightly employing ;;;iiVd°"t?'the 
 ?ii£":i£'*'^ Separating power of their Mind, have f\dlen into the Error oitXi'i 
 t.:^:^:: attaching themselves, partially, to One species, a species wholly involved -i-ro: tht 
 
 then, having ob- • !• Jl^ llr»/- "'*"''" '"'*• '" 
 
 tain,d a fignre i» 'mcs, aud numbcrs, and have, hrst, formed a surmise, have thrn ^TT"' ''*"• 
 
 to signify One »>-'v,, Aid v v,, iin^u, of the sane 
 
 we7.'nv he, "'^'^" ^"^^ ^ belief, and, moreover, have taught, that lines, and num- cTdte.-^o^ 
 r::r:!''f';:bers, arc Inseparable from Logic, or. Universal Reasoning: and, that '"i-^" -"I'd 
 
 Five Hundred. Af.l,- ll-i. , presen rd this 
 
 AtFiveHun-->iatHemaiics may be substituted in, and supplv, its place. cg»re|""|. 
 
 di-ed, he liad, I I » ' 1 I • 
 
 ^gain, to seek ^*'"'' *"" ""• 
 
 another mark enabled to count 
 
 ihathemightbe A MicFOScopic mind which views One, only, in Many: * Z "rf" "^ 
 
 enabled to de- ' J ' J ~ Une I t:ousand. 
 
 «.te a figure, And, a Systematic mind which views One, only, in Many, which reduces All things to v.^\*t ''GnT'" 
 
 One favourite system, must, ever, be liable to Krror, must, always, be subject to aber- 
 ration from Truth. 
 
 TTiouj.md, or, 
 twirc Fivi !?uu- 
 dred, he h^d, 
 again to pro< ur .- 
 another mirk, 
 deuoliog Ukc 
 Tb.iutaiu'. And, 
 still, L>' roiiti- 
 nu' J tc ub'*'i vc 
 the ii,m" Jit- 
 thod, v.hcL, all 
 •loi'g, he, pie- 
 Tiou^iv, had 
 adopt< d He 
 had, now, oltai- 
 ned a mark for 
 Units, ill th)'.>e 
 times, >ut\eued, 
 and ruun led, 
 into, I : a inaik 
 for Fit*, now, 
 V : a mark fur 
 Ten, now, X • 
 a ni irk for Fif- 
 ty, now, L : a 
 mark for One 
 Uuudred, now, 
 C : a I .ark fur 
 Five Hundred, 
 now, D. 1 hat 
 he might beco- 
 lue eudbled la 
 sipiify One 
 Tliousand, or, 
 twice Five Hun- 
 dred, he dou- 
 bled Ihe square 
 be bad made at 
 Five Hundred, 
 and, adjoined it 
 to Ihe square 
 Mhicb, alreudv, 
 he had made 
 to riguif; Five 
 Hundred , a> 
 
 4^ 
 
 As, by virtue of its Connecting power, the mind views One, in Many,- 
 so, })y its Separating power, it perceives Many, in One 
 
 but, Man .Ices not, always, employ, duly, this Separating power of '"■■t.,,,.., 
 his M.a.l: ^ in things, dissimilar, and different, He, frequently, wills SP 
 miliar, and the same : ^ p'".>edthe 
 
 ai !;e would ; »r, 
 as loug as lasted 
 the drovi s of 
 His Ad^a. 
 
 Insomuch, that, in considering the various, different, and, contradictorv 
 
 , em- 
 
 Sume 
 
 Mode of Xume- 
 
 ration to count 
 
 any of the di- 
 
 J vers riches, or. 
 
 the 
 
 ifhtch figure of 
 the doubled 
 oqiiare is, now, 
 softened, and 
 rounded, into 
 the letter M, 
 or, iuto the 
 
 letters CID' ^7 
 which last let- 
 ters are denoted 
 One Hundred, 
 miuusFive Hun- 
 dred, or, Four 
 Hundred ; and. 
 One Hundred, 
 plus Five Hun- 
 dred , or, Sii 
 Hundred ^ 
 These naiuhrrs 
 takeu to^ittirr, 
 a> Sii and Four 
 make Ten, give 
 Ten Hundred, 
 OP, One Thou- 
 sand. 
 
 And , thus , 
 having formed 
 a Mode of 
 Numeration 
 which gave him 
 One Thousand, 
 he continued to 
 count on, by 
 means of ^imple 
 jiddittoD, as fur 
 
 oiun.ons ol Men, the modes of reaso.ung They exact, and the proofs "™' -5:^'' 
 I hey require, a mere sceptic would almost be led to suppose, that either °''"°-- 
 .here is no Truth, or, that, GOD has not given to Man a capacity pro'£4B°^ 
 portioned to his state, and concerns, whereby he may discover things "StL'tt 
 useful to him, or, sufficient means, whereby he may attain a certain ^'^"^^ 
 Knowledge of Truth. ^ Jur.i.'lT™ 
 
 whatever side 
 shall be begun 
 to be marked 
 Units, whether, 
 on the right, 
 or, ou the left, 
 
 the figures 
 which are pla- 
 ced upon the 
 •ame ^ide as 
 are marked the 
 UuiU , denote 
 Uiat thev are 
 
 Here, then, they say, lays a main Cause of Error, where men, exact a^°'- ^?°.' 
 mode of reasoning, or, require a proof, which is nor, specially, pecu-fSf 
 harly, and appropriately, applicable to the essential nature of the thinp ".u^wS". 
 
 to be proved. "Two; Five mi- 
 
 ' ^ nusFourisOuc; 
 
 Five [uiuus No- 
 thing is positive 
 Five. 
 
 Again, thefigii- 
 res which are 
 placed upou 
 that olh r side 
 of the Five, or, 
 of Ihe Decimal, 
 . from which are 
 marked the 
 O 1 • r • 1 ^ Unit,, denote 
 
 Such a tram of reasoning, thougli ,t is stated, Generally, is, yet, ap.;t!,.'X": 
 plicable, Particularly, to the present case, and, to the immediate subject of "■"sj''rF"r 
 
 -1 1 • • • •■-1 I 1 plu:> Fa"! o are 
 
 the above investigation : For, the ])ersons above stated, will seek for nroof .^^r" ^'-p'- 
 
 ]. I I -iv^s. ^'i \JKJl y I hreeareEight- 
 
 pecuharly, and appropriately, applicable to the essential nature, and ap- SrNt: ^r,; 
 posite, as it were, to the measure, of the thing to be proved: They will-^-T^/i:! 
 make their own estimate [Q] : They will form their own judgment • Kx ^''"'47 
 
 1 , -- Ju*-*'j shall be mar- 
 
 , 1,1 "^ " -"'y --hall be war- 
 
 any other process, whatever, than, the One above stated, can They bef-.nstZThe 
 brought to acknowledge an effect, sublime, and beautiful, operated hv-^'.f^ceH 
 
 * J the side of 
 
 [Q] T/iey will make their own estimate : ] See page line of the Third part. 
 
 ou 
 Ihe 
 
 Units, and, 
 then, to be pla- 
 ced the mark 
 for Five, or, 
 for Ten : lu 
 
46 
 
 either cse. th. any workmanship of the human understanding : In every connective 
 
 figure One will . r i i i i ' 
 
 iYve°"ou.n.a;: ^^ separatinfj, act ot the mmd, They will require an harmony, in All its 
 ^'f^^i?^^^^^ producin(3r One, General, Whole, One, Perfect, and, Complete, 
 ^nus ('hie.' or, lenity : In reasoning^, They will admit of no conclusions that are not 
 
 Four > or again, i . 1 1 , 
 
 T.n will be, lofiically proved. 
 
 Ten mhiui One, J * 
 
 or, Nine : as, 
 on the contrary, * 
 
 if the mark for 
 One L-i placed 
 bejond , and, 
 on that side of 
 the Five, or, of 
 the Ten, which 
 is, not. the side, 
 on which have 
 been begun to 
 he marked 
 Units ; One will, 
 then, becomo a 
 positive Quan- 
 tity, or, plus. 
 One plus Five 
 are Six : and so. 
 again , One plus 
 Ten, or, Ten 
 plus One, will 
 denote Lievt-u. 
 
 A Ji«qi\i.s!lion 
 uilo the forma- 
 tion of t]iu«e 
 marks by which 
 •re <lenoted po- 
 sitive, and, ne- 
 gative , Quan- 
 tity, or, plus, 
 
 Hr.h"Hi::t ^^'^^' ^''" ^^'''^' *''' '"^^ ^"^ ^^'""'^ ^^^^^^ • ^^^'"^ ^^'^'^ They continue to cxa- 
 ZTJ ther?" '"^'^^^ ^'^^^ ^^'""^ freedom which is of the very essence of rational inquiry, 
 
 of TfttBcratioir, 
 by means of Cy- 
 phers i each 
 Cypher it said 
 to contain , io 
 its original con- 
 figuration , 
 structure, and 
 conformation, 
 as many oiarks 
 signifying Unit, 
 as the Cipher 
 itself denote* ; 
 each being 
 softened, and 
 rounded, intu 
 the Cyphers 
 B«>w in lue ■ 
 Bat, s«ch fur- 
 ther investiga- 
 tioB does not 
 CMBCwitLin the 
 limits of tdi* 
 inquiry 
 
 pyoTer.X^^'hcther the merit of Racine consists so much in his, taste, judrmcnt 
 
 jects of inquiry, l',' IIJ 1 i« '.III J 
 
 in cse this- erudition, knowledge, understanding, art, and conduct, as, in the 
 
 investigation vj ^ j «*^, m^m i»«v- 
 
 :S'onV"- exquisite beauty of his verse, and, the magical power of his versification : 
 
 much ex' — ' ■ ""^^ - - 1 i i 
 
 thev wou 
 
 (9^— rapienlor 
 ( says Raroo, 
 Lib. VI, cap. I. 
 de Augment. 
 Scirnliar. ) 
 tignahaudlevia, 
 sed obsrrvatu 
 digna, ( quod 
 fortas.e quis- 
 pinm linn puta- 
 ril), de Ingenii.., 
 rtMuribu» Po- 
 puloruin, ft Na- 
 tiuBom, ri Lin- 
 guis Ipsoruut. 
 
 le bett5°""'^^ ^^'"^ ^^'°. '^^^' ^^^^ ""^ ^''"^"^ ^^ surmise, He sacrifices That which, 
 
 sF^lUf'"^* maturcr judgment, a greater extent of reading, a more enlarged eru- 
 
 Eil'be '^^^^''"^ a consummate art, could not approve, perhaps, would condemn. 
 
 idnlsed, in sta- 
 
 beads than 
 
 mine 
 
 wi 
 
 indulged, in sta 
 
 ting I lie abova 
 
 observations 
 
 upon cert;<ia 
 
 Lotlers, and 
 
 iheir Configtira- 
 
 iheir t,onfigtira- 
 
 ;rmaw:;Vlhe ^hcv think it is a task incumbent upon them to bring forward the 
 rXlipL.ha't reasons on which^ either, they form their opinions, or; found their con- 
 
 Science, the 1 . l^ 
 
 Science, the 1 
 
 of elusions: 
 
 One subject of 
 
 ^^ii"tr''°' ^"'^' They, purposely, select the "Recit^^ of the Governor Theramenes 
 (Theramenc), a Governor whom Racine as thought fit to assign to Hip- 
 
 polytus, because the '' Recit de Theramene" passes for a very beautiful 
 rr VI'; part of the drama of '^Phedre". 
 
 1 am amare. 
 
 47 
 They compare, then, the narrative of the ayyiXoa; or, messenger, in 
 the Hippolytus Stephanephoros of Euripides, with the " Recit " of the 
 Governor Theramenes (Theramene), by Racine. 
 
 They remark, cursorily, that there are many obvious advan- 
 tages of putting the narrative of this incident into the mouth of an 
 oVacToV, or, assecla, an iyyiXoa, or, messenger, an old, and faithful, 
 servant in the household of the King, Theseus, as Euripides has done, upon 
 the Greek stage, rather than into the mouth of the Governor Theramenes 
 (Theramene), as Racine has thought proper to do, upon the French 
 stage. Little do they approve the whole Art, and, the whole Conduct of 
 this "Recit" ; which, however they may admire the exquisite beauty of 
 its verses, they observe, cursorily too, may be considered, perhaps, 
 as a detached sample of fine verses, chiefly; as being equally fit for 
 an Idy Ilium, or, an Episode in an Epic poem, as for a Drama,- and, as 
 containing, not, in all instances, a consecutive series of ideas, but, ia 
 some cases, such as are false, misplaced, and, improper. 
 
 They select, then. Three verses taken from the "Recit'' of the Governor 
 Theramenes (Theramene), in which Racine represents the Governor, 
 as thus saying to the King: 
 
 • Leclel, avec horreur, voit ce monstre sauvage : 
 
 • La terre s'en omeut , I'air en est infecte; 
 « Le flot qui Tapporta , recule epouvante. >. 
 
 They make the following remark upon the First of these verses; 
 
 liC ciel, avec Iiorreur, voit ce moDstre sauvage: 
 
 It may be asked. They think, why the "Ciel", that is. Heaven, that 
 is to say, Jupiter, He, whom the Heathens considered, as the Principal, 
 and, as very supereminently the Chief, of All their Gods, should see 
 
48 
 this Marine Monster, wlio was created with His concurrence, and 
 approhation, and, at the instance of the Sea God Neptune, a Primary 
 God, in order to execute a Divine instninient-aliiy, and Destined af^ency, 
 in causingf the Fatal execution of Hippolytus, at the express desire of 
 the Father Theseus, and, sliould see that it was apt for the pur])ose for 
 XN'hich it had heen created, hut yet, should see it '' avec horreur'\ or, 
 shudder at the consequences that. Inevitably, were to be brought about, 
 and, Fatally, were to ensue? 
 
 And, it may be asked too, They say, how This may become recon- 
 cileable to the notions of these Times, or, consonant to the tenets of 
 
 Ancient Mythology. 
 
 * 
 
 The epithet ^^^^w^'^^e". They conjecture, is apphed, merely, solely, 
 and, exclusively, for the Rhyme: 
 
 If, it is used in its primary sense, from Silva, it is ill chosen; for, 
 the Monster did not come, from the Woods, l)ut, from the Sea: 
 
 If, it is used in a secondary sense, stitl, is it, in some mesure redundant; 
 still, may it be thought to be an expletive, brought in, merely, to make 
 up the Rhyme, at the end of the verse; still, may it be considered as 
 equally ill chosen : for, to say that the Monster was a Savage Monster 
 requires no great reach of abiUty, no depth of learning, no profound 
 observation, no consummate poetical invention. 
 
 May the epithet "jrt/M'«^e" be termed an epithet, ordinary, and, collo- 
 quial? Is it indicative of any distinct qualification, which is not common 
 to All animals, that are not tamed? Is it, peculiarly, significant? Is it, 
 specially, appropriate? Does it shew forth any marked designation, that 
 the Monster was created, puiposely, and, sent by Divine command, to 
 cause, under a Destined insirumentaUty, and Fatal agency, the death, or 
 rather, the execution, of Hippolytus? 
 
 Is, then, the epithet "jfltt^fl^e" redundant; or, was it absolutely ne- 
 cessary, that a fine writer, and, a great poet, should remark that this 
 Monster was a "Savage" Monster? 
 
 Moreover; docs this epithet '' sauvage'' include the properties required 
 in epithets? 
 
 49 
 Epithets should not be employed, merely, as expletives: they should 
 not be redundant: far other use should they have than to fdl up the 
 complement of feet, in the verse, or, to make up the rhyme, at the end : 
 they should be well chosen, culled out, apt, appropriate, significant, 
 apposite, indicative, associating, explanatory, didactic, historical [R], 
 
 [R] historical,] n Tii, Maxime Carsar, ' 
 
 Qui )iunc f-xlrerais Asise, jam Victor, in oris, 
 Imbellein avertis Romanis arcibus Indum. 
 
 miserabile carmen 
 
 lulpgrat, 
 
 I have, purposely, chosen these Two examples; because, when I sojourned four months at 
 Padua, in i8i3, under the fruitless expectation of deriving benefit to the infirmities of my Limbs 
 from the Baths of Abauo, I was assured by the admirers of Cesarotti, then lately deceased at 
 Vicenza, that He (lo) found fault with Virgil, as, sometimes, using epithets that were not (lo) MeicLIor 
 the most apt, and appropriate : Now, it happens that Virgil is very remarkably commendable ^''''""'• 
 for the peculiar appositeness of his Epithets. 
 
 Imbellem, is, here, used. Historically, pro, non perito belli. 
 
 MiserabiU CATmen, is not, miserable song; but, strains, mournful, piteous, woe-begone. 
 
 The same, as of Adjectives, may be predicated of Adverbs; though, in their general nature, 
 attributes of attributes, or, attributes of the Second Order, when they denote Time, princi- 
 pally, not collaterally : for, then, they pass into the Kind of Adjectives, and, may be classed 
 among attributes of the First Order. 
 
 I am aware that the Stoick School termed this part of Speech ^etAixTtn, on account I sup- 
 pose, of its nature, ouinia contineiis, omnia recipiens : 
 
 But, well may I be allowed to use the Avord Adverb, for it is the term of my Mother-Ton- 
 gue; moreover, it is That of most languages; and, the Doctrine, which above I have stated 
 relative to Adverbs, has, ever, been That of the soundest Grammarians : the name They 
 give to these aptote parts of Speech of e5r;p^>s)««7«t, Adverbs, if the word /iS^« should be con- 
 sidered in the extended signification as denoting, not only, Verbs, properly so called, but 
 also. Participles, and, Adjtctives, is a proper appellation, as predicating, an aptote, (that is, 
 without cases, indeclinable), part of speech , xetld py)fc«loF Myofiivov, n iTriXtyofuvoy fnfcaji, 
 *a) old t^iitlor (.n/LteTioG-. , 
 
 I desire that I may be clearly understood : I speak of an Adverb denoting Time, principallv-, 
 not collaterally ; and, passing into the Kind of Adjectives, or, Attributives of the First Order : 
 
 And, I adduce a *»case in point" which affords a beautiful exemplification of my meaning :- 
 
 "I have been in Ycaily expectation ", said Mr. Hastings, ia One of his Many Petitions to 
 the Britislj I'ailiamfnt , 
 
 "i have hv^n in Yearlj expectation that my Trial would be dosed."' 
 
,i 
 
 9^ I 
 
 figurative, etc.: ihey should add sense, and force, to the substantive, 
 explaining, and adding, accident.^ which the Substantive, Alone, cannot 
 designate: they are attributes of Substances: they should denote. Quan- 
 tity, Quality, and, Relation. 
 
 But, this epithet ''sauvage'' seems, They say, brought in here, solely, 
 exclusively, merely, for the rhyme; and, if it had not been for the rhyme, 
 Racine, perhaps, would have used another epithet, if any had been ne- 
 cessary, which may be doubted, as he has done above, in this same 
 "Recit", where the epithet ^'furieux" comes in, not only, to fdl up the 
 complement of feet in the verse, but, also, at the end, to make up the 
 rhyme. 
 
 '* La tcrre s'en emeut, I'air en est infecte;" 
 Upon This verse they have no remark to make. 
 
 ** Le flol , qui I'apporta , recule epouvante. " 
 
 This is, a beautiful verse; and, the idea it conveys is poetical: but, the 
 two last words, which fall after the Caesura, seem, They say, to have been 
 admitted, chiefly, on account of the rare, and exquisite, beauty of the 
 verse; because, the verse. They are prone to think, docs not, carry with 
 it a consecutive justness of idea : on the contrary, This is, exactly, the 
 very case. They imagine, where such a poetical allusion is improper, 
 inapt, and, misplaced, because, it furnishes an idea that, here, is mis- 
 placed, inapt, and, improper. 
 
 The words '^ recule epous'cinte'' swell, musically, and, Fdl up, harmo- 
 niously, the compleinent of feet in the verse: ^^ epouvante'' rhymes well 
 with ^'infecte': the Caesura falls, admirably: the verse is, indeed, 
 a beautiful verse 1 
 
 of Uic uiiud. 
 
 5i 
 
 But, can it be received as an adequate justification, is it, even, an admis- 
 sible recommendation, of a verse, that it is beautiful, and, that the idea 
 it conveys may be said to be poetical? Should not every man who writes 
 a Drama for Public Representation pause a while, and reflect, duly 
 whether the idea, which presents itself to his mind, is just, and, correct, 
 and, would be well placed, there, where. He muses upon admitting it? 
 May He assent to its interpolation, there, where, it is irrelevant, mis- 
 placed, or improper, solely, because the words (ii) expressing the (u)Tiere«- 
 ihought are beautiful, because the verse is a fine verse, and, because ^e'vriorsThici.' 
 
 ' ' dress a thought 
 
 the idea is poetical? 
 
 Should not every thought, and, every idea, which a fine writer, and, 
 a great poet, admits, be applied with Purity, and. Precision? 
 
 Should they not seem inherent in the subject? What is Ease in wri- 
 ting? Should not, each thought, each idea, flow out, as of course, read- 
 ily, with ease, as of themselves, spontaneously, so that every reader should 
 be struck with their justness; should be led to surmise that He Himself 
 would have thought the same, would have furnished the same idea ex- 
 pressed in the same words, if the writer had not, anticipated Him, had 
 not, already, chanced to suggest it; that He Himself would have pursued, 
 all along, the same train of reasoning, the same course of ideas; and, 
 should imagine, fondly, that he does but view, and, recognize, his own? 
 
 Is This such a thought? May This be termed such an idea? 
 
 As, in All writing are necessary. Purity, Precision, Elegance, and. 
 Ease; so, it follows, that They must be required in Pociry. 
 
 Dramatic, [S] as well as All other. Poetry, to become sublime, and 
 beautiful. Must contain these requisites : otherwise, Dramatic, and, All 
 other. Poetry [T] degenerates into Bombast. 
 
 In the investigation of a literary question, and, in the freedom of 
 rational iu([uiry, the persons, above-meiiiioned, trust they may be allowed 
 
 [SJ Dramatic^ ] A distinction must be made with regard to Dramatic Poetry : That •which 
 may be admissible in much Other Poetry may not be proper in a D.auia. See page note [Ej. 
 
 [T] Poetry. ] Poesis autcm duplici accipitur sensu, quateims ad verba, \el, qualenus ad 
 les, icipiciat. Ponder the Whole Chapter. 
 
 BicoK , de Augmeat : Scituliar : lib. II, cap. i3. 
 
lll.s^-J 
 
 5a 
 .0 doubt ,vhc,hcr .his is not, in some sort, a quaint conceip. : a quaint 
 concept, far fetched, or, distorted, not re»uhin{j, aptly, and, co^ 
 cu-vely, out of the subject; and, ul.ch, a f.„e wrfteJ and a ^ t 
 poet, n.ifiht, perhaps, not have admitted ^ 
 
 Most Certainly, i. is „„, ,o be found, they affirm, in ,hc narrative of 
 .he messenger tn the Ifippolytus S.ephanephoros of Knr.pi.les : And 
 Surely, Lunptdes, they say, had as ,ood taste, as sound judgment, and 
 wrote as fine verses as Itacine. ^ ' ' 
 
 Is this then a quaint conceip.? or, is i, a luminous thourht a 
 bnyht tdea, v Ineh had escaped so n.any great writers [VL ^ ' 
 
 If, a. s a splendid poetical image, is This, exacdv, the vtry case where 
 UIS apphed, ap.ly, and, properly? ^ ' ^ 
 
 Whoeve.- has seen the Sea, knows that its waves eome in succession 
 one, .mpell.ng the other, each, retreating as the other advances nd' 
 naturally, yielding to the diminished dep.h of the Earth undern ^th s 
 he Sea approaches to, and, lashes the shore : The wave which bro, J 
 the monster would retire, and, naturally, would leave Him upon fhe 
 shore: Another wave would follow That which, now, was broken, and 
 spent : u may be observed, too, cursorily, .hat the monster would laud 
 a he base of the wave; and, not, come tumbling in wi.h it, as it curled 
 at lis top, and, whitened into surge. 
 
 This, then, they are inclined to think, is, exactly, the very case, where 
 such a poe.ieal allusion is neither jus,, or, correct ; but, becomes 
 inapt, misplaced, and improper. 
 
 From all .hese premises, .herefore, they conclude, tha,, there i, a 
 xnanifest inexpediency, and, a considerable impropriety, in epresen in 
 he Sea, Neptune's dominion, Neptune's wave, orderLd by L,,. JS 
 Divine command, with the concurrence of All .he Primary Gods of 
 
 [V] It i,no, lobe m., «i,h in ,he «hole of F.,„d„,, p.r.i.ula.Iy i„ ,l,e ,',•' .„,. 
 .5.b chapters. «l,ere i, might, peculiarly, be sough, for ■ „„,- i, i " ^^1 ' ,' ■ ^' 
 book of Inh Tk • • 1 , b '"' • noi, ij u to be found in the 
 
 book Job. There .s ,„deed a person,«ca.i„„, „„,, of a Wave, but, of .he Sea and 
 
 of Deeps, ,n ,he 4a^ „.i., g^tH, ,„j, ,„,^i„ ' ''•;"' '"'^' 
 
 illusion, is, indeed, very dissimilar. ,„d. widely dffere,., ' ""^ "'■'"■^''"°"' ""^ 
 
 53 
 
 ancient Mythology, to cause the Fatal execution of Hippolytus, as being 
 frighlened [X], and, recoiling " epouvante" : 
 
 And, they ask, how this thought can he reconciled with good taste, 
 with sound judgment, with profound ohservation, and, with a right un- 
 derstanding of the essential nature of the subject, if, it should be found 
 to be wanting in, just, and consecutive, aptness of deduction? 
 
 They remark, moreover [Y], the Many, Obvious, advantages which 
 
 [X] Frightened,] If the wave, They say, was personified, it ought to have obeyed Neptune, 
 the Cod of the Sea : It should have done its duty, without fear, or further inquiry. 
 
 [Yj Thejr remark, moreover, the Many^ Obvious^ advantages^ etc.'] They persist ia 
 affirming that the advantages are Many, and, Obvious : and, They proceed. Particularly, 
 to consider, Some of these advantages. 
 
 What, They ask, have been the Art, and, the Conduct, of Euripides in putting the 
 narrative of the death, or rather, of the Fatal Execution, of Hippolytus, into the mouth of 
 a messenger ? 
 
 The messenger, a servant, one of the suite of Hippolytus, comes in haste, (o-ttb^^) from 
 
 the spot, where His death, or rather, His Fatal Execution, had been occasioned, to find his 
 
 Father, Theseus. "Where", says He, " shall I find the King" ? The Semichorus indicate 
 
 to Him that the King arrives. " Theseu ", says the messenger, " affero rem dignam 
 
 "moestitia, tibi, et civibus, etc." " Quidnam est " ? rejoins Theseus; "An nova aliqua 
 
 "calaraitas duas vicinas urbes invasit"? The messenger instantly replies : " Hippolytus 
 
 " non amphus est, ut ila dicam : exiguo tamen temporis momento \idet banc lucem 
 " adhuc. " 
 
 And, Here, They observe, that Racine represents Hippolytus as absolutely dead ; whe- 
 reas, Euripides represents Him as yet still living, and derives Very Great benefit in the 
 *• denouement" of His Drama from this Art, and Conduct, the advantages of which, They 
 think, are Many, and, Obvious. 
 
 "A quo"? answers Theseus, in his reply to the messenger, (angrily, ironically, 
 and, in a disposition of mind exactly the very reverse of that in which He is repre- 
 sented by Racine, who makes him say '' Je lui tends (12) les bras, " ) '' Num aliquis hos- 
 " tiliter cum eo egit, cujus conjugem, per vim, ut patris, foede, stuprarit?" The mes- 
 senger replies : « Jugum proprii currus i)erdidit eum, et im'precationes oris Tui, quas Tuj 
 *' patri tuo. Domino Maris, vovisti de Tuo filio. " '' O Dii, " exclaims Theseus, " O Nep- 
 tune, quam vere es pater mens, a'^^*? audiens meas imprecationes ! Quomodo etiam perierit^ 
 die : quo modo Justitiae clava percussit eum, qui me Dedecore affecit? " " Nos quidera", 
 says the messenger, and, here, follows the plain, exact, and descriptive, narrative (i3} of that 
 
 8 
 
 (12) See mar- 
 ginal relerencK 
 
 (t7)- 
 
 (l3) How Dra- 
 matic it is .' 
 How Pathetic it 
 the narrative, 
 where Hippolr- 
 tus is intio- 
 duced , as 
 xpeakiuj ? 
 
M»1Hi 
 
 ^ 
 
 54 
 
 present themselves ,0 their view of pu.tiog the narrative of the death 
 or rather, of the Execution, of Hippolytus, into the mouth of an 
 
 »>esse.ger, explaining ,„ the Father, in obedience to the command I,e had received everv 
 
 TsT"" s;" "t '--'' - --'"« "- «'-'-■ - -- "■« Ka.: rL';.: 7, 
 
 tfieson. Odioquidem viri, qui passus est h»c", reioins These,,. ». ,1 , ■ , 
 
 .his narrative, " de.ee.atus sum Lis verbis : Nunc uteTrevI „ ^i ^ T'^^ "' 
 
 "tere. quod est e, me na.us. neque delec.or. ueque con.r.s L 1 is "I r.ZT 
 
 gives the fol ow iiff order- " AHfpr»« \r. • , ' ""^"' ^® 
 
 " meum lec.un, verbis "'nvinctT ' "' "' " " '"""" ^"^ <•"" "^8^^'' « !'»"-»« 
 etium, verois convincam, deorunique calamilalibus. " 
 
 Ismene , and of the beloved « Aricie ", who h«d fainted a«av when He ™ 1 , . 
 posed, naturally, to have wished to stay by the cornse • T. l "'"■'«'""«»■■?- 
 
 it =r. Ti • , , »<■; "J ine corpse. The reasons he eves, for leaving 
 
 It, are, They are niclmed to think, the verr reas„„« ,«i,;.i. i.u . ""r leaving 
 
 Not to onit if ,„A ■ ■ ■/■ ■ "»»"ns. which might have prevailed upon Him 
 
 No. to quit u, and, in justification of his conduct. He comes, says He .0 Theseus in 
 
 ^2^ "^'^" "':' «' -»y "^" "™ " *e las. will of an Hero "(.5), ( fir He does no name Z 
 .„,.u ..words, Son, or Fa.her, which would more affec. .he passii,)/ ""■"' "" 
 
 Et m'acquittcr , Seigneur , du malheureux emploi , 
 
 Dont son cieur expirant sest repose sur moi. 
 which These persons are incUned, too, to imagine ih. r„ 
 
 Equally as well, at the interval o a fev^ hou ^ ud T"""" ""' '"" ''°"' 
 
 sen. a confidential messenger to tell thelc. * "" """ '''"''• '"'S'" ■'»- 
 
 For it may be observed. They say, that a confidential person migh. have been dispa.ched 
 .0 .he Father, .„ impar. .o Him .he fact of .he dea.h of his Son : and, ,ha. .he Govertr 
 Theramenes, migh. have stayed, awhile, by ,he mangled corpse of his pupil, and ,,;, 1 
 
 J;lI^:ZrT' T: \ 'r"— -"='<> "-I^'ng hlsFalher, the ma, „er, „d h 
 
 cu.idof"Dou-<^^rcumstances, of the death of His Son. »ina iiic ^ 
 
 ble Dealing ; " 
 But, i.< not the 
 
 Et-.'T- . This, then which follows, They imagine, is .he Art, and Conduct, adopted bv Racine 
 r:-"^.".r. ■" comradis.,nc.io„ .o That displayed, by Euripides, in the Conduct of .his inciden. 
 quent e,cW- 1 he Govcmor Theramenes. in thp Dr-jmi «f Pn • 
 
 t«,» "Monfib "**^"«^S' »n the Drama of Racine, comes upon the stage, at the 
 
 nest plus?" last scene, but one. °' 
 
 Tihen He Lad, 
 
 i^l^^, pravcU to T ' ' 
 
 Neptune to -^ HE SEE. 
 
 destroy Hippo- rpi » 
 
 iviu., and had ihcramcne, est-ce toi ? Qu'as>Tu fait de mon fils (16)? 
 
 urged Hiin, ins- 1 t }• • r- ■, ■ •J \^»v»m 
 
 untiv, soiodo, J^ 'e lai coofie des I age le plus tendre. 
 
 T:r:nJ:':r """ "'''"'"^ ^" ^^'"''' ^"^^ J^ ^« ^^'^ rt.pandre ? 
 
 ihatGoiV Que fait mon ills (i6} ? 
 
 55 
 
 .^^Ir^reli^^f ^^> «•-. ^« 4>^^o^, as is done by Etiripides, rather than into that. 
 >"•'- of the Governor Theramei.5s, as it has been thought proper to do bv ~ 
 
 tory o 
 
 of I Lc>ea> 
 
 shi'W» furlk 
 
 th tt il vsts m T\ 
 
 wisi Man, and, nscine. 
 
 an Kliir Kill)} . 
 Hi(:blj Su-cep 
 
 ^e'lesfable 
 CVinone ", that 
 " njon- tre exe'- 
 cra.le", t!ic 
 De»p, the Re- 
 flcrting, the 
 Warv, the Pro- 
 
 I'lf'^i;:^;!:; ^here may exist a douht, they say, whether Racine is to be commended "? •'''"- 
 ^^; M."'" having assi,oned a Governor to Hippolvtus: r'.'f ""«■"- 
 
 Judging, The- 
 seus, is made, 
 l>.v Rai ine. to 
 
 to all th' tiner All i i » * j seus, is made 
 
 S;r«:r ^"'^' ^'•""'V'''- "lay l'*^' the taste, and judgment, whatever may be the '--■!■.' 
 S,^,r:d„«"' and conduct. He lias displayed in doing so; yet, undoubtedly , ,his""»-^^^^ 
 
 well knowing ^J J , J , IH13 cursing, and 
 
 well knowing 
 how to (jo\t rn, 
 Dol, ldl.>, given 
 to Ch.'Ugt , a 
 Deil>, " dignns 
 vindio' iioous," 
 i» iroughl for- 
 ward, l>\ Luri- 
 pide», to uiide- 
 ceiv Him ; 
 ( j.»<rj man ia 
 proDc to t'lirve 
 thos- He lov<-s : 
 No,v catilv may 
 They deceive 
 Hira! } And 
 even Ihiu, un- 
 der thi> kiiper- 
 nal loterfircn- 
 C«-, I'.uiipides 
 repr keuts Him, 
 as »a\iiig : " 1 
 £ad I hyve been 
 deceived : I ut, 
 ] wan prettma- 
 turally liereft 
 of iny reasoning 
 facultN ( h^e 
 
 N. XII. ) : 
 Would I had 
 died for Thee, 
 nv Sou' ' 
 
 Theramene. 
 
 O soins lardifs et superflus ! 
 Inutile, tendresse ! Hippolyte n'est plus. 
 
 These e. 
 Dieux ! 
 
 Th eramene. 
 J'ai vu des mortels pt^rir le plus aimable , 
 Et j'ose dire encor , Seigneur , le moins coupable. 
 
 The SEE. 
 Mon fils n'est plus (i6) ! Fie quoi ! Quand je lui tends les bras (17), 
 Les Dieux impatiens ont hate son trt'pas ! 
 Quel coup me la ravi? Quelle foudre soudaine ? . .. 
 
 Here, immediately, is introduced the " Recit de Theramene." 
 
 destroying, his 
 own Son ; for 
 the vow, and 
 the curse, are 
 made, by Ra- 
 cine, to foHow, 
 immediattJy, 
 and instantly, 
 the n'piesenta- 
 tious of OEno- 
 ne, in (he very 
 neit scene : 
 See act IV, 
 »c. I and, ir. 
 Theseus, then, 
 prays to Nep- 
 luni- to destroy 
 liippoiytus : 
 according to 
 Racine, He, 
 even, goes (o 
 the altars of 
 Neptune to urge 
 the God to ac- 
 celerate the 
 Execution : He, 
 Then, finds out, 
 hy His Own 
 sagacity, and oh- 
 serviiliou, that. 
 
 •i..;„..,., apT'l ■ !" "'""' •^o^"""'- and v^ith one additional, the last, scene, in which r*''J,S 
 le/w fr„riL. '^'""'''^ is made to enter, and to die, ends the play of Racine. Mi.bi ■,„, rb,- 
 
 ff^r^' '' -" b^ oi>---d ^'-t the Drama of Kurip.des does, Not, end with the narrative of the r^^^te^S 
 
 i^-H ^^b----"^-; ^- ^- - •• after h. narrat.ve, which is an accounfof the fact, follows at^:!^^ 
 rdTt'uI-rine- ^^'-y «^^^^ ^^al more, that continues to contribute to, and to close, the "dt^nouement" i""'^ *'^'"" '.^ 
 We of rieleus "^ ^^^ P'^" °^ ^^^ Hippolytus Slephaueplioros of Euri.)ides. to'Lv^'si 
 
 by Plutarch. ' . coninu^d ,o 
 
 How well did _, , . II'' -'"«i--°t 
 
 Th'e rtr^r' ^^"'" ^''"^"'' '^'"' ^'' ^""^'"^^ ^° ^^^' ^^ '''^h «f »J'e Two, >Vhether, Kuripides or P-°'-"^-h 
 ^JX^L: '''"'"' »•- best availed Himself of Obvious advantages; and, has displayed most Art! Fv"^" ' 
 He has made to Lacli IU the Couduct of his respective Drama. i^tLr J "w 
 
 he One of the a l i i «t< 1' I tl ' j" 
 
 Lm: o1 '^' '''"^^^ ^^'"^' ^•'' ^''^' ''''''' '« '^*-' ^^oJ^'-^s. as well as great merit to the Ancients «^pi'-Cw 
 T^::!:i '"^' '^"''"^' '*•'' '^'' ^'"^^^•''" ^'^"^'^ ^' P"t ^'^y "^properly, if it should be to be deci- P ^- '"^ 
 Hiui, tuanyins- dcd uj>on, abstractcdly, and, categorically, - To ivhich should be gwen the preference :> \ «- - eMo'Tiie 
 ..„.,' yet, They are inclined to think that a IVIoflprn wr.f«.. «^.,m .» n . , " . ^/^"P! «"« of 
 
 Capricious, 
 
 Vnstead 
 ronsiderate, 
 
 an- 
 
 f "i..;r£ '!""'"'" "'' '"^ '•■""""" "' =«"' "'"''-ima ilia e^empla, qu". nobi;G;;;i';monimenI, Z/', '""'.. 
 of ccnonc, the disciplmisque, sunt auspicato tradila. Weii'thenrHe 
 
 is"inieuxeilair< 
 
 tame, as Light, • ,• , .- , " ' "~ "" b'^ ^ -^ "'^ J^' ty t^rcfice ." ' vp„„eance ' ^f" 
 
 g^rtior""' ^- ' ^'"'^ "'" '""^'""^ '"^ '^""^ '^''' ' ^^*«^^"" ^^'■t^'' ^^«"'d do well, nay more, that it ^ ^"'^^ ""*' 
 r:;:t> ^'^'°''' **'"^' »« P«"^^ ^while, to reflect duly, to ponder maturely, before He decides, J "^"-«W 
 '"at-Sr"^*'" ^'^^"^ considering, upon leaving, or, upon correcting, those models which are '^•""t-""^ 
 
 •5. Kn>.r>.n «x..» U... .U- .: _ /• I . . veux de tout 
 
 le crime etre 
 
\ 
 
 imitff 
 
 56 
 
 ^ ■ H. «- Governor might well he supposed to have been frif^hiened, and, afflic- 
 
 claims: '• J'ai Jl^i U 7 ? '^ 
 
 Cdfs^rL^^^' at the fatal, and supernatural, death of his Pupil; and, it, cer- 
 CSLougilJ^ainh'? ^^as the duty of the Governor to present himself, as soon as He 
 mtk'L? ""\vell might, before his King, the Father of Hippolytus, and, to make to 
 
 " p» ut and __. f 1 ^ 1 llt.^7 
 
 7onlTi ^^"^ ^ faithful, and accurate, relation of All that had happened to his 
 
 Ir:;lriTrj^on, the Pupil entrusted to his superintendance : 
 
 TRop.andcRu, l5Ut, this sesquipedalian reciial, which Hacine has put into the mouth 
 
 immedi.ilelv f 1 /-> i - 
 
 SroS.tS, ""^ Governor, ThcramenSj, They say, is neither tlie language [ZJ of 
 
 57 
 
 iustantlv follo- 
 wed by D, gWea 
 Mu.'-ical Sound ? 
 
 yJrtxTleyf ^^^ language of Nature, ] Wnioever, say These persons, will read the " Recit de Thera- 
 "uel"s1--a„d,™^7''' '"»»>«" Ph^dre " of Racine, will he enabled to judge, whether. It is That Language 
 then all of a of Nature, which a Governor may he supposed to adapt to the feelings of a Father in nar- 
 
 _ \0 
 
 Suddpn, He . ti- i i r ' ' ^ ' 
 
 r.h...ge.s i,i, rating to Him the death of His Son, the pupil, Once, Alas ! intrusted to his care : or 
 
 manner of thin- l »i, .1 • 4 u ' • l rr>i - , >i • . ' 
 
 kin^i ^usrieiou ^"etlier, this Kecit de Theramene is unnatural, pompous, turgid, declamatory, sesquipe- 
 fnri^orrup-" ^^^'^"^^ ^"'^' »>■« ^*''» removed from tluit exquisite beauty which is produced by (i8) Simplicity? (,8K.erUinir 
 
 his miud; He, Tj^, ^." „^ 
 
 Tljr-Xo ^° *'''^ ^"'^^ doubted that Racine could make fine verses : But, are fine verses admissible, in ^' P"^" •" ^ 
 
 t I ' 1 ■ rv 1 -1 »ilcnt l)ut, \et, 
 
 flrppiriLon". "* ^"'"^' ™«rely because they are Fine Verses? The ideas they place before the audience must •^'^'-.v i.e, oL- 
 morfal"'^Ht* "*"'^ ^^^ *^^ ^^^ Nature, must be conformable to the Passions, of Man; must be adapted to iTr^'d "T'o- 
 prYvsyo Nep- the Character, and Supposed Habits, of Him who speaks : otherwise, they become no more than romrI!mT,*T.*' 
 !ri! ToTf ate : a sample of fine verses, well sounding in the mouth of an actor. of sa^i\T*^ 
 
 fcut.He does not 
 
 ofiLGod!''in' 'J"'»^ P^'rsons, then, above-mentioned, even venture to assert that If ever a "tirade" was mis- 
 bis tardv ad- placcd, it is Tliis of the Governor. 
 
 dress to Nep- 
 tune, Bacinc 
 
 makes Him sar : The Ring verv wpll might be supposed to hear the becomine: narrative of a servant, one 
 
 " Ne prenpite , ' " ' 
 
 point tes fuuet- of the suite of His Son, one, possibly, whom He, never, had noticed, one to whom, T)robablv 
 
 tps kienfaits, .. iji i--» l J ' 
 
 Neptune. Jaime 'tf» nevcr, yet had spoken, except this One time, when He had ordered him to relate the 
 MmJe jaiu'a'iV' *^""^"'"^^^"^^^ ^^ this calamitous event, at which he had been an eye-witness; and, the King 
 cJd to'^wait^^ '"'ght> 'laturally, be supposed not to have interrupted the servant, in his narrative. 
 T^f'ttoMan ^"' ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ different, indeed, with regard to the Governor, Th^^rSin^m's : 
 to stand awLiIe Hc, was onc of the First Personages of the Court, an Eminent Man, whom the King saw often 
 WasHp, as weU ana* familiarly: He, must have been supposed to have conversed with the King, habitually: 
 "* ry Gods, »o According to the Nature, and Passions, of Men, the King would have interrupted the narra- 
 
 ma 
 
 i^Tet 'xhllA^a *'^* °^ '^^^ Governor, by very many eager questions: A Fatlier, in the utmost agony of grief, 
 ^a^ m serious to whom is recouiited the death of His virtuous, innocent Son, of whose destruction the Father 
 
 ^artirst, when 
 
 He made his Himsclf, deceived by falst- , and vicious, machination, has been the cause, does not wait pa- 
 First tow ? V^e- • 1 1 , . ' . 
 re The Gods to tiently under the insufferable goadings of a long, florid, poetical, harangue: Let anv confi- 
 
 diseover which, i."i iir-ii ii-ii », 
 
 oftheT^oCon- "♦'"t^al person, wlioin the Father sees habitually, come to a Father, and tell Him of the sud- 
 th"'Mln''"had'' ^^"' ^°^ accidental, death of His Son : Suppose the Father to have enjoined Him to enumerate 
 wade inisht be the circumstancps which occasioned the death of His Son: He will see whether the Father will 
 
 compliiu with. 
 
 H..„ diff.^- not interrupt Him in his narrative, by making very many eager, and passionate, questions. 
 
 renflv Las Fu- " <J J ^ o ^ i »1 
 
 rrpid<-s treated 
 
 tlussttbiea:'! Shall it be observed that Hippolytus was. One in whose praise all vied "omnia bona dicere :'* 
 that he was. One of whom well it might be said that, He was, Such a Son too! 
 
 Nature, Fear, or, Affliction : and. They contend, that to have giveu 
 this relation to a messenger, not only, evinces more Art, and more Con- 
 
 Shall it be observed, that, according to Racine, This Son, was, Now, known by bis Father to 
 have been innocent, that his Father was. Now, aware that He had been deceived, that his Father, 
 Now, knew He had, without cause, ordered His So») into banishment, cursed His own Son, and 
 delivered His own Son over to the vengeance of the Gods. 
 
 For, it will be observed that Racine represents Theseus as, Now, knowing that Hippolytus was 
 virtuous, and innocent : 
 
 Whereas, Euripides reserves the above-mentioned circumstances for the further "denouement" 
 at the End of bis Drama (19). 
 
 The King might, very well, be supposed, to have heard the becoming narrative, of a mes- 
 senger, whom He Himself had ordered to describe the lamentable event of the casual death of 
 Hippolytus, of which that messenger had been an Eye-witness. 
 
 But, what may be supposed to have been the feelings of a Father, when the Governor of His 
 Son, now, most deplorably destroyed, instead of giving a plain, and succinct, narrative of this 
 shocking event, should enter into the sesquipedalian fullness of fine verses, and, of poetical 
 imagery, should declaim to the Father, should descant to the Father the *' Superbes Coursiers " 
 of His Son : 
 
 *' Ses Superbes Coursiers, qu'on voyoit autrefois 
 ** Pleins d'lMie ardeur si noble obeir a sa voix, 
 *' L'oeil morne malntenant, et la t^te baissee, 
 •' Sembloient se conformer a sa triste pensee. 
 
 ** Des Coursiers attentifs le crin s'est b^risse. 
 
 (19) The per- 
 sons alio\e sta- 
 ted maintain 
 that the dilTe- 
 reucfs between 
 Euripides, and 
 Racine, are verv 
 numerous, Mo' 
 ving upon Two 
 diverging lines, 
 of different 
 Length, Force, 
 Moment, 
 Quantity, and 
 Magnitude, 
 ceuld They, 
 JEver, ha-ve be- 
 come parallel ? 
 One nmst have 
 surpassed the 
 Other. Which, 
 then, of the 
 Two surpassed 
 the Other? 
 
 See p. 73, 
 note [HJ and 
 page 
 
 The Horse affords to a Poet very fine imagery : 
 
 But, was This ihe moment for Poetical imagery? 
 
 May we trace, in the above, the burst of passion, the pangs of woe, the wringings of despair, 
 the language of nature, moaning in grief, and, given up to all its agonies ? 
 
 What, then, may be imagined to have been the feelings of a Father, when the Governor of 
 His Son, now, alas! no more, came to personify a Wave ? How would natural affection. Now, 
 have worked ? How would the passions of a Father, Now, have fermented ? How would His 
 choler. Now, have mounted ? Would not his extreme grief, Now, have manifested itself, in 
 scorn, and, in the extremest anger .-* Surely, He, Now, must have lost all patience ! 
 
 Might He not, very justly, have said : 
 
 " If you had been, only, One of the ordinary, and usual, suite of my dead Son, Hippo- 
 *• lytus, 1 should have heard a plain, becoming, narrative of the event of his death, to which 
 *' you had been an Eye-witness, without interrupting you. 
 
 '♦ But, You was the Governor I had appointed to my deceased Son. Can You have been 
 *' attached to my Son .' Can You be well affected to Me, and, to my Family } You cannot be 
 "greatly afflicted! Curae leves loquuntur ; ingentes stupent. You proceed forth, and stalk 
 •' about, ( does Racine represent Hiin as entering with haste ? ffTs/Ji ) to make a fine speech, fraught 
 ♦♦ with poetical imagery. Come, at once, to the point, and, to the fact ! Personify the Wave, 
 
 • 4, 
 
58 
 
 duct; but, also, and moreover, that this relation is misplace<l in the 
 mouth ol the Governor. 
 
 They proceed, then, to state the reasons upon which they ground their 
 manner of thinking. 
 
 Theranieues, the Governor [AA] of Hippolytus, was privy to All that 
 had passed at Troezeniuni: 
 
 " forsooth, which brought a Set, Monster to destroy my Son ! I might rather .suppose that You 
 "could lake „o heed «f a wave: I should have expected that your attention would have 
 - been so entuely occupied with my Son, and the Monster, and with the Conflict, Tou tell 
 " me, took place between them, that You could have observed nothing Else. Go to ' No 
 "more of this!" 
 
 *' You tell me that my Son has killed the Sea-Monster. I cannot believe it ! I cannot but think 
 *' that this IS an impious, and irreligious, fiction. Governor, of your own! 
 
 -You, Now, too, communicate to me, that my Son was in Love! Now. for the first time' 
 " Now, after that he is dead ! Why, have you concealed this event, tiU Now? What then! have 
 *' you, all along, deceived, and betrayed, me. Governor ? " 
 
 And, the very « Recit de Th^ramene", so very contrary is it to any sentiments, or words, 
 which the Governor might be supposed to have entertained, or uttered, that, it would. They 
 say. not only according to the Laws existing, at this period, respecting Parents and Children 
 and. King and Snhject, not only according to the natural train of affairs, to the regular conduci 
 of a state, and, to the course of legitimate government, but. also, to the no-toleration of those 
 times, almost, and perhaps, have given sufficient cause, for prompting the King to order the 
 Governor into Banishment. 
 
 [AA] Therarnenes, the Governor of Hfppotytus, ] The Governor Theramenrs must 
 Necessarily, have been privy to All that had passed at Troezonium, to tlie Kings unexpected 
 return, to the death of Ph^dra, and, to the Banishment, and Curse, of Hippolvtus • 
 
 He mtist have known of the Banishment, of Hippolylus; for, He accompanied Him on 
 his road into Banishment : 
 
 He musl have known of His being curse,! by bis Falher, an.l, of His bein^ delivered 
 over, by h,s Fa.her, to the vengeance of .he Gods ; for, He himself witnesses .hat He 
 knew u, inasmuch as,, in his " Recit •, He .ells the Father Theseus, that Hipnolv.us, 
 his &on, -was now become a 
 
 "Triste ohje., ou des Dipui triomphe la colere". 
 
 It will be supposed .bat, if the Governor Theriimcne-s knew of the existence of this 
 Curse, He would have communicated it to his Pupil : 
 
 But Hippolytus knew of his Banish.n™,, and of hi. Curse, directiv, personally from 
 the f,rst source, and, fountain head : He had no need of any i„.ermed.ate, transfused, 
 
 by 
 
 59 
 He knew, personally, that Hippolytus was, Now, exiled, and cursed, ,„ 
 the King his Father, who, tbrou{;h prayer, had imprecated the ven- tlH 
 
 le»s gratia 
 
 so as to occa- 
 sion the locu- 
 e 
 gratiag to 
 the l:ar; yet, 
 in Declaiming 
 the abuvc verse, 
 strfss will be 
 
 • , , . , '""^ aoovr verse, 
 
 intercalatory, commun.cataon ; for, He went into Banishment, under order of Banishment, rX;e7lp^\ 
 given to hjm, personally, by the King, His Father; and, He is represented, by Racine X^^'cZC 
 as havtng been present at the Curse, by which His Father delivered Him over to the ven- ^^Z^^ 
 geance of Neptune, the God of the Sea. 
 
 The e of the 
 secdnd •' une " 
 must be so- 
 irmnly marked; 
 iniist 
 
 iO, 
 
 If, accordmg .0 Eunpides, this Curse was known, even by a common servant, one „f " "" 
 0,e su.te of H.ppolytus, must it not have been known, not only, .0 the household of .he^"-- 
 
 K,ng not only, to the Court, not only, to the Governor Theramenes, bu, to th f ""^ - 
 Whole People? ' '"^ almost „up-r- 
 
 r cepli.ije d'gree, 
 
 will be maiked 
 
 ir'4r:.i If. however, in the playfulness of fancy (.„), i. might be surmised that, neither the ■■'^'•■^-• 
 S:;r:;.".:;:r;«»^^™'«Tl.framcnes, „r his PupH Hlppolytus, knew these material circumstances i! ^-"Sji" 
 K'f^"-;"-''i''">y, they must, in the nature of things, have been apprized of them, Circuit'ously" 'r f-""^ 
 N4rrL.- '" " ■"='■■"" d«<--"ine of credit, certainly, of further inquiry ^' ZT:"- 
 
 r.ril:: now contrary to all practised usage, in all periods, would it be, to conceive it possible ''-- 
 Z^-p^Z "■" '"« ^'"S. especially upon being Just returned from a jo„r:ey, and a o age J -." 
 r^v!^:;,' P«'"'. " '-'. of whld, was a Religious motive, in which He ws supposed to h '"""'■ 
 ^^:^, penshed, and to e dead, and, at .he time when. He might be thought, 'Lre ar I 
 .. -.,J. larly, to have enhvened the Love, and Affection of his subjects, when, in cuLmarv 
 :;r'rjT;.^-<''=^' ""J' "> "-e nature of things, He must have been attended by man^ great Person 
 cr .,^. T..„ nages of the Court, by a numerous, officiating. Priesthood, and, followed, and sur- 
 iJ,!:,t:r:c'°'""^"^' ^^ * "«' <^<'"™""« <>' P^OP'^ »l'ould go to the Xemple of Neptune (..^ and , .r. 
 ZS'll''^"'' '"='''"•« 'he Altars, call down, in fervent prayer, the vengeance of this Primary '-'"' f^'^" 
 ^.,r",Vv ^'"^' "Pon 1»* devoted Son, his Own Sod, and, There, in ardent fury, by dire impre "'"'"'■^•^"■■'' 
 ?r,rSt5; ""'"'' "1"'" "f "'»' ""-I '° hasten, within the day, the accomplishment of this Ln- ^'' '""" '■" 
 lr;,;Mr' ^""" ' ""''' ^"' "'*' "O' ^"5"""' of the friends, and dependants, of Hip„oIvt„s "'■'"™"^°"- 
 
 <)... ..,„ I,. r,r,A c.i.'aK, Tr„ l,_.l -111,,.- II J "'^i tioii '■ Impre- 
 
 uris tui 
 Patri 
 
 olher-i^-A^' ^^^' '^''^y^ "^ ^'^ "^^"y^ should Lave hurried to Him, to impart ail, or, any part of'-'-- -■ 
 tt^bth:;: ::^^^^' P"*^^' ^^' '^'^ ^^^^^ ^^^^-^ ^^^^^ none should have hastened to Him, who was the'''- "-^- 
 i.'or:b:i;'ve.- ^'"^' ^°"' '^'^^^ '"J^^^^ ^ ^'g^^ character, and reputation, for Pietv, Modesty, Good -.-"'..7.:'.. 
 
 t't. 'TC,. ^*^^^' "*'"^"^' ^^^^ «"d, who may have been supposed, Generally, to have been Loved p^-'^-p": 
 etther^iu re-d- Admired, Carcsscd, and Respected ? ' Ti:^^^:^ 
 
 •peaking' the Mi.riuu!*,' says, 
 
 wordf " Hept- *^''" Lliuiia, 
 
 ;:r/CK: ^' '"' '^' '""'" ^^ "^"^^ erroneous consequence, to represent the transactions of Men t'-'^Aer-fiu' 
 :::iu:rthatthc"'^°''°'''^"*"' ^' "°' ^^appening, with regard to their general Tenor, according to what P-—^^^^^ 
 SuLd"' t '^"^ """'' ^' '"PP^'^^ *^ ^°' ^" '"^^'^ ^""^s- [Seepag. 68, 6f, and note [CC] J ".ts^'of Z 
 
 th.- second Fath.r, inu>t, 
 
 •.■."»:Vh-°^, , ™"* "" *'""y' '"y 'h^ I*'^"""' '"' "Ions ">en,ioned, who, pertinaciously, will maintain ■'■';• Tu'"" 
 :^„".'„'t.'. """"'"='"^' '" the manner, whereby He has conducted .he narrative of , he Dealh of Hip- """^ 
 "Jitp,:- P"'-""'' '"" "'d^ced superior art, by which He surpasses Kuripides, a.id, that He ha* 
 
Go 
 
 reance of a Primary God, in accomplishment of a Promised request, 
 upon his Son, on suspicion that his Son was {juihy of Aduhery, Incest, 
 
 displayed, superiorly, his good taste, his sound judgment, and, his right understanding 
 of the nature of his subject. • 
 
 However prone They may be to admit assertions, however inclined They may be to 
 suppose that Racine had good reasons for rejecting, in this instance, Greek models, and, 
 Greek examples, (see the conclusion of note [Y] p. 55 ] ) They must confess that, as yet, 
 They have not been sufficiently acute to make the above-mentioned discoveries. 
 
 They, still, maintain that the narrative of the Death of Hippolytus should, preferably, 
 be given, as is done by Euripides, to a messenger, rather than, as has been done by 
 Racine, to the Governor, Theramenes. 
 
 But, since it has pleased Racine to put this incident, of the Fatal execution of Hippo- 
 lytus, into the mouth of the Governor Thcr3menes, They, still further, beg leave to state, 
 that They imagine there are but Three modes, or, manners, chiefly, in which it might have 
 been treated. 
 
 * 
 
 I. The first is as follows : for, the Governor Theramenes must, necessarily, haye been 
 privy to the Curse of Hippolytus ; or, He was not : 
 
 Of the Two things. One must be. 
 
 I, says the Governor of the Son Hippolytus, come, to announce to his Father, that 
 his Son, and Subject, in obedience to the orders of his Father, and King, left Trotzenium 
 to depart for exile : The road He took was That which leads to Argos, and Epidaurus, and 
 runs, in part, by the Saronical Gulf : There, a Sea Monster met Him by the way, frightened 
 his horses, caused them to overturn Him, and, finally, occasioned his Death : The Monster 
 killed Him; but, in return, He killed the Monster. 
 
 Here, we see a brave young man, accustomed to arms, pursuing his journey, met by 
 a Sea Monster, who, hostilely, opposes his progress. 
 
 The brave voung man flies to his arms, and, even, in self-defence, kills the monster. 
 
 Is This extraordinary ? Does This produce any remarkable Dramatic effect ? 
 
 The verses of Racine are very fine verses: no one ever doubted that Racine was capable 
 of writing fine verses : But what, say the Persons all along mentioned, is the Art dis- 
 played, by Racine, in the Conduct of this incident ? 
 
 II. The second manner is as follows : 
 
 T, Thrramt'nes, whom you have appomted Governor of your Son, Hippolytus, come 
 to announce to you, hii Bather, the Death of Hippolytus, your Son. You know how very 
 expert Ke was in deeds of arms: Nevertheless, for, I am not aware, (and, This mode 
 proceeds upon a supposition of the First of the Two cases,) that this was a Fatal Execution, 
 
 6i 
 the Hi^diest High-Treason, and, was the Parricidal cause of the Mur- 
 der, or Death, of the Queen, the lawful wife of his Father, and, his 
 King, Theseus, and, the step-mother of Hippolytus : 
 
 and, if Hippolytus knew, of a Destined Fatality, I, also, must have known it, one thin, 
 most extraordinary, has happened : Although the young, and brave, Hippolytus, exer 
 csed aU h.s skill in arms against this Marine Monster, yet, could He make no impression 
 upon Him: the Sea Monster mocked all his efforts, seemed to scorn his prowess, to 
 dendeh.sskdlinarms: He baffled all his attacks, whether offensive, or defensive : He 
 heeded nothmg that could do, 'Mhis worthy (..) Son of a Hero: " He ran in upon (., 
 H.m frightened h.s horses, overthrew Him, and, finally, occasioned his Death : SL^i: 
 
 lh.s Sea Monster seemed to bear " a charmed life " : One would, almost, be tempted to 
 
 ihmk that the Monster had been sent, b^ Divine command, under a Destined Agency, and 
 
 l<atal Instrumentality, to cause the Execution of your Son! 
 
 This Second manner, say These Persons, may, possibly, be thought to have a more Dra- 
 malic effect than the First. 
 
 Dis 
 
 in. But, the Third mode may be supposed to be capable of producing an effect still 
 more Dramatic. 
 
 And, since Racine has thought proper to put the narrative of the death of Hippolytus 
 not, into the mouth of a messenger, has as been done by Euripides, but, into that of His 
 Governor, the Persons, above-mentioned, beg leave to be indulged in remarking some of 
 thethmgs, which this Governor, Theramcnes, might be supposed to have said to the Kin. - 
 for, a Great Man of the Court, in habits with the King, might have said many thin,,' 
 to the Kmg, which could not have been said by a common servant. 
 
 And, yet, Racine, though He has chosen to put the narrative in the mouth of the 
 Governor, has not availed Himself of this, and other, observations which might be made 
 with regard, either to the Person who spoke, or, to the Personnage who heard. ' 
 
 I, might have been supposed to say the Governor, hasten to communicate to you his 
 Father, the death of your Son. . ' 
 
 Briefly, and plainly, thus it happened : 
 
 And, now, I must tell you, yet still further; for my Grief knows no bounds- you 
 see how my voice fails me, and faulters, how it is interrupted by sighs, by sobs, and tears 
 by broken accents, and, by the extremest agony : * ' j 
 
 I know, and Hippolytus, too, knew, that you had called down the vengeance of a 
 Primary God, upon his devoted head, in accomplishment of your three promised requests • 
 You, Theseus, have been too well served: The innocent Hippolytus, though innocent 
 unmentedly oppressed by the passionate anger of his Own Father, Oh ! how you have' 
 been deceived ! and delivered over to the vengeance of the Gods, has met his fate with 
 
M 
 
 •4 
 
 6'j 
 
 Moreover, the Gorernor of the Kinjj's Son may be supposed to have 
 heen a Man of high condition, of extensive information, of a p,ood 
 education, and, undoubtedly, of the Religion of the King Theseus, of the 
 EstahHshed Rehgion of the State, and, -firmly, and intimately, impitsstd 
 with its notions, principles, sentiments, and tenets: He may well be 
 
 Passive, and, Religious, Resignation : as He lived, so has He died : That excellent young 
 Man, your Son, has strongly exemj)lified, at his death, that Piety which, alt along, He 
 manifested during the whole course of his life; Your Son is dead, indeed, but, He died 
 Religiously : You know, we All know, how remarkable He was for Piety : with Passive, 
 and Religious Resignation, He has met his fate, shewing forth the same Filial Obedience 
 to You, his Father, the same Religious Resignation to the Gods, as He, always, had mani- 
 fested. Mourn, Theseus, ever Mourn, the death of such a Son : Mourn, in the exfremesl 
 agony of the most lively grief, (for. You are by no means an ordinary Man, and, are highlv 
 susceptible of the most sublimated working of every iiner passion), that This your own 
 Son, and, such a Son too! though innocent, was executed, alas! how unmeritedly ! by 
 You, his own Father, and delivered over by You, his own unhappily deceived Father, to 
 the vengeance of the Gods. 
 
 "Would This have been dramatic? 
 
 "Would This have an effect upon the passions? 
 
 Is This pathetic? 
 
 Is it as pathetic as the " Recit dc Theramene?" 
 
 And, here, in this instance, Racine Himself may be opposed to Racine Himself: For, this 
 quality of Passive, and. Religious, Resignation, this Parental Obedience, He has given to 
 '* Iphigenie. " 
 
 How well It has succeeded ! 
 
 Racine, say the above-mentioned Persons, must have known its effect ; for it will 
 not be imagined that this Great Poet stumbled upon it by chance, and, in mere imitation? 
 
 Why, then, did He leave This example? The Character was sufficiently marked. 
 
 Could He not have Copied this Greek Model? 
 
 He has shewn that He could closely follow a Scripture Subject, for, the Character, and 
 History, of Esther is closely followed upon the book. 
 
 Of Athalie, the Plan, and Conduct of the Drama, is his own: for, in T/w Book, is 
 marked only Her History, Generally; there are two verses only, at most: One in beth 
 Malachim ; and, Another, m beth Dibree haJamim. 
 
 Why, then, did He not copy a Greek "Writer, even though the Greek Writer was a Pro- 
 fane Author ? 
 
 63 
 
 supposed to have had a more firm, and intimate, conviction, and, a more 
 studied, and excogitated [BB], persuasion of these, than a common ser- 
 
 [BB] studied, and excogitated ^^ The persons above mentioned say, that, as, neither, Bion, or 
 {i3)Se»p. 25. Ovid (c»3), or, any Greek, or Latin, writer whatever, imagined this gratuitous invention of a Modern 
 in representing Hippolytus, as killing the monster; so, moreover, is it a fiction in disagree- 
 ment to All analogy of ancient Mythology, so, is it diametrically opposite to Every tenet of 
 Religious Belief which might be supposed to be, in the heart, or, in the mouth, of any one who 
 is represented as speaking in these times. 
 
 This gratuitous invention, this effervescent ebullition/^' this outlying fancy, of the Modern is, 
 moreover, contrary to the severer practice of all Ancient Poets. 
 
 The Sea-monsters, for instance, the Serpents, from the island Tenedos, who were sent by- 
 Minerva to destroy Laocooii, and, his Two Sons, are represented, by Virgil^ 9s returning to 
 the feet of. the Goddess, and, as being covered under the orb of her shield . 
 
 " At gemini lapsu delubra ad summa Dracones 
 
 * 
 *' Effugiunt, saevaeque petunt Tritonidis arcem ; 
 
 ** Sub pedibusque Deae, clypeique sub orbe teguntur. " 
 
 Laocoon is Not represented, by Virgil, as destroying them, even though He was. Then, engaged 
 
 in offering up the sacrifice of a Bull, to Neptune, the God of the Sea, though the Monsters 
 
 came from the Sea, Neptune's dominion, and, though they were Not sent by Neptune Himself 
 
 (24) Where across the Sea, from the Island Tenedos; hut, by Minerva. 
 
 vfould hive *^ »rise so much 
 
 bepn the finest Laocoon, moreover, was under no orders of banishment from his King : He laid under no ''""i *li= «»- 
 
 sUtue whirh /- i • c 1 ¥f J • rr> • • i ■ r, „ prt^^on j;iven 
 
 eiisi* in All the curse ot lus rather: He was, even, engaged in otliciatmg the great sacrifice to Neptune, to «o the D-nd 
 
 World, if itj 
 
 figure, a> from 
 
 eiecuii'on had which. He had been "ductus sorle " by His own countrymen: He might, very naturally, the ti-afn o7 
 brtbrtX'^be represented as *' tela ferentem", and, " auxilio subeuntem " to His Two Sons : He could |J':*;'i,';;,i,'".''' 
 ^r*".!. '"«*T''*' have no conception, that the Sea-monsters, were ministers of Divine vengeance: Vireil shews. j"."'f.*.'''*"';r 
 
 of the M Oder u, ' ' O b '» of the "Marys , 
 
 rather th.n clearly, that He could not : Virgil takes special care to represent this incident, as unexpected : [f 7 t"|'c'e, 
 
 Kuided by th« *' ^ » i i i thouuh Com- 
 
 t».te, the judg- " £cce autem ", says He, in opening his narrative ; and also, ** improvida pectora " : and vet, ''''"^^""^> "'P°" 
 
 mrnt, the »*▼<•- i i • tr- -i j •' ' the full arcoin- 
 
 rer prrtciic-, of uudcr all these circumstances, virgil does not represent Hira (a4)» as killing the monsters : pli^hmeui ..f 
 
 the \ncif nt ? ,, . -i* L • ^ /• 'he stunci]fl<iu« 
 
 *' ipsum, auxiiio subeuntem, ac tela ferentem, 
 
 " Corripiunt, spirisque ligant ingentibus": 
 
 Would Thre* 
 Dead fixureg, 
 DOVT kitli d, 
 lying, lifcleft, 
 
 Biy>tcry of Kp- 
 drmplioa, roiu- 
 plrated Afoup- 
 tucnt, as Mau, 
 
 upon the beach. Might not a Mortal be supposed to be caused to die under Divine vengeance, according' #© '"'■ 'i^^ .-ins of 
 
 •fter the ser- " . ... b » 5 " Men, Divine 
 
 pentj had left the belief of Ancient tmies .'' Goodness, are 
 
 them, he su»- ._ re • 11 • ■% -n • t -n f • ■ . delineated in 
 
 cepiible of the May HOt Virtue, and. Innocence, sutlenng death, with Passive, and, Religious, resignation, th- counieuan- 
 I»'°h«t''"1iic'h° **^'^'^ ^ Fine Character, according to the notions, and belief, of Modern times.!* s!v°iour"' vet^^t 
 
 i( given to * 's iu the three 
 
 the Ijvinf These persons, then, are inclined to diink, this gratuitous invention of Racine would have '[-""•s f<maje 
 
 •' Lauroon " ? ' J • i_ • ■ • fi^'urcb fh I are 
 
 A n..cent been so injudicious, that it never could have entered into the conceptions of Euripides, a dra- expressed the 
 
 from the <>o»s, , « . , i tt r , j- . hurning of 
 
 and aUo, a Dead malic poet, as was also, Racine, to have made, tven, a messenger, one ot the ordinary suite the pas ion*, 
 IuSiect»"'^<V,r''I of Hippoiytus, represent Hippolytus, as killing the marine monster which the God Neptune pangs"".^nd, 
 '"Bui'inthe ^as supposed to have sent to cause his Fatal Execution: ialuTr*""^' °^ 
 
 First, most et- g^ j^ j^ ^^. Thev sav. Still more ill judged to make the Governor, Himself, represent Hip- ./°^*'"^' J*"'"'- 
 
 prrs'ioui^KiTen ^ j J' jo ii mg, and, >cu!p- 
 
 to the figaret polvtus as killing this Sea-moustcr, which the God Neptune had sent to cause his Fatal Execution .f* \''''^' a'^e^'^ttr 
 
 «hoa5M>t; 1 .; b . ^ . ^^^^ 
 
 And, in the It Is evident, from Racine, that the Governor, Theramt'nes, whom He lias given to ">aydenVcfrorn 
 
 Second, the ef- „. , , , r»- • a j r. i t j • i *'"" <^">f^r ■ 
 
 feet does not Hippolytus, kncw the monster Avas a Uivine Agent, and, ratal Instrument, ordained to cause Each may act 
 
 V. 
 
64 
 
 "Jfrot^^ ^""* ^^^^^ Kin.fs household : and, by consequence H. m' U. u 
 
 tvervA,,„rsurprised eauallv wirl. . y '-onsequence, He mifrht not be..^„e,". pWnu 
 
 the Mind must i"^3<-U^ ttJUaJJJ Willi a COmniOU SerVTnf -^t iU l- • H »» Pari" i- 
 
 h- -a.oaed '' """ scivant, at the accomphshment of'8«') 
 
 upon iu>tlj, . '^ I «n, inclined 
 
 muM he adape- . t„ ,l.i„k. „,o. 
 
 Lo;.U":r^ ">= D«.:„.d E.oc«,io„ of hi. Pupil ; b„aus., Raci,,, repr«n,„ ,h, T „• ^°^'''"'""'''- 
 
 mthesdraw. "^ "^^^^^ ' Was now a coon. . ,t»tt.e 
 
 raanthes draw a 
 »eil over ihe 
 f->cr of r.Ijiein- 
 
 Jint^fra ? 
 
 " Tiiste objet, ou des Dieux trlomphe la colere. " 
 
 which fiiiffd 
 nnivcmal admi- 
 ral lou io tii< 
 dav 
 
 v^hatari? i^ilber, then, the Governor TK--^!< > - • i- . dav 
 
 ^vi"_: S.V ™us. have ,„v......a ...i/^renXtr^;:' ■" "" """' "''"''''■' ''- '""-y "'•" ■•■■ ^--)- .'.Lt'Jrr^ 
 
 "feM„°;:.:":;j::'i:;.'r gIvZ'' "h' '' " 'T"' •" --^ ""^-^^ °^ "'^«-'» be>i,fF:j^.ii- 
 
 in^Wt.Each, Tf ., ^. ' ^ Oo^cinor luay be supposed to entertain. *''""•. •- -"r- 
 
 and, Every " '"^ (-jovemor invented if t/. ™,i.,» • j i i ^ '^'"•' ^■'■'■* 
 
 An; in or^er If ,., p , , . " '"*''''"'•■'' '''* Character of the Governor? f?'' P-'"-<* 
 
 to produce . f- "^ *^"*^* napi)(»ned, to what is vfriurt^A tl,;c r^^* »- ii i ^i '"' ''"• '-P«"= 
 
 f.a up.... ,Le An enemy ujet , 1/ i . ^ ''^ " "' ''**' Character, of Hipnolytus? ^T ^ , 
 
 Miud of 31.n. '^" ^"P'nv "leets him, on his road; by force, onno^es hi* in..rn«, . Tu i »» J • But.. h^ ALU 
 
 M„s, b.. fo..,.. fifes to his arms- H,. „...». • _ ' ''PP"'" ^''^o^rney : The b.ave, young, man V-. »..d -o- 
 
 ded upon ,he ^ ,. ^ """"'"' "^" t'^^-'". eve», i„ self-defcnce J The Monster kills Him- and -Tit f 'f" .•'^-♦• 
 t^r'SL:^ ; ./hey say, he kills the Monster. "'™' ''"^' ^'^ *^"' .t^JenlT/ 
 
 aiind. Is this a (a5) Character *' sni L'eiieri« "i i^,u^i .i , • . , moreover, to 
 
 lu Arclnioc- YVonhl „ J „ •''"•fe^"e«'S ! Is the Incident dramatic ? Is It, even, extraordinary ? T"''"' J' ' 
 
 ture, for in- ^> ^^"^ not every Man, would not even a " netit ma.'tr^" U. a u \ *»raoiainar^ f ,.„,., p„,^ 
 
 Mance; Why JFth^wr r. "le^ena petit-maitre , have done the same ? to...pluo.ut.rf 
 
 did iL. P.O- "'^ ^^^'^^ ^•"' Pt-rsonilitd, It should have obeyed Nentune • so »U. k IJ i . , !'."\"t^°"" • »«» 
 
 tUeon .ee,„..onot personified. rSee n 5o ^ i>q>tune . so, also, should It, though ,»;- "o-. -pd 
 
 greatly en!..r- ^ P" ^°- -^ I'eirenl, rom- 
 
 g' d, yil.en M .r- According to ihc' Re'ii?ioii« R,.i;*.f «f .i .- ,t- . pWut rv to 
 
 *«^ Ajripp,, ^ • „. "♦•■•g'0"s Belief, of these t.raes, H.ppoJyius might, Not, kill the monu..- ^" '»«• Gr,.t 
 
 the sou-i.iuw i»"Pposing Hippolvtus to have known tl.,. .1 » r, . monster. Ro„.a..», ^ho 
 
 of Aug„,i„,, „,, ; ,, ;!. ' "'"^^ *'""'^" "'^^ »'ie monster was a Fata! Agent, and, that Hr diH '^'^ »-d "-t- 
 
 i:l.r.' ,;K. Z -1 1 :;: f ;"^ " «-;' "^ ^■"^-^■- " > -... co„c „„ .„' . .h,,. r t„ It-: - -••-"- 
 
 Te,npJe.' ,, , tmrdme.Hs Alone knew it. and, never communicated it to Hippolvtus th».v ^VV'T •" 
 
 Th P..„;hoon »*»*^"» proceed to ask. Whether such condnrt nf Tl « x - r •. MP"'.>'us, tliey , ^11 the Ho.uan 
 
 ^v- ..ot eul.r-.u.,, u c- • . r . „ conduct oj Tlieramei.cs furnishes an additional nroof ^'"'''^ 
 
 g,d : 'hat He was a Faithful Governor ? For, such persons as will :,..... • • .r ■ V ' • "" ^'"""' '^ 
 
 /ar'itS •""•^* ^^ -^'"-'' - «'^- clilemma. ' "^"^ '" ^"^"'"''"" "^ ^^^ ^-'-» ll.r^ T^^' 
 
 :r:r 'ih::^ ^" ''' ^^ "^^'-^''^ ^?--t "- Wonster. a Divine Agent, and Fatal fnstru. t ^" — ^^ 
 
 ther...,,.„....de. of Hostility, against the PrimarvGorl «,! » .• ». ^ ^"«' i-^'a] Instrument, was an act ."d. tup- nr.- 
 
 in.o the Te,u' ' ° '^i uie f 1 iniaiy (,od, who .sent this Monster, and, against All ti.». Tn^lc r P»"«^-'- d.^cip- 
 
 rle, i..,.-.H of Neptune sent the Monster with the concurrence of All ,h P • ^ , * ^"'' '""' "' ''^""- 
 
 COui.B. as le. rr, ^ , r , , "^ '^'' '"* '^'"""a' V Gods of A l.cieu t Mv t holr.«,^- »rr «« u,o,t 
 
 f>re. f.,.u. Ihe ThcGods of the Heathens %vere false an I J.». • .' ^"cieni 3luhology. remnkaLl.- ia 
 
 --« -P-e bHiev.^: ,1 r^ r .. ^'^ ^^''* ' ^"'^ "nagiuary : but. nevertheles.., the Heathen. ^'""' '" « 
 
 of .he Fi.„.a- '^<^''^^^d »n them. Or, shall we suppose, that Thrv believed in tl. ; r . «^athen.^ ^ ,. .„ ,,.,y , 
 
 »>"•"« in mattPiQ «f IImI^ .. ' believed in their God.*, as men may brli«-vf J* " " "' •"'.^ 
 
 Ved I pn. '°*^'^" ""^ '"''<^ moment, cur.sorily, and, by the by; --» -i^^* -»- • .- . ; ''""^''*^ f.vii. Reli.iou., 
 
 doce o'i.er ii.- HO influence upon their relipimis l>i^nA„^» i • . ' * 
 
 sianr^, ^ ^ *^ ' TLiigious conduct, and, opinions. 
 
 no influent upon .heir rdisious condu., ^ ^ ' ' "' """" "''6""" '-"'f- '"•<' Ir","/,-'- 
 
 stanr^^^ ^ * ^Lngious conduct, and, opinions. *''"^''' '^"''••c- 
 
 Arelhevnot This GoVCmor, too, aPDoinfed hvtl.^K- • , U •• Hi.d.M.li!arv, 
 
 t^l ■-- .ed>v. have hee„ of L 1,1 il' 7 e .^ ^" I H t ^°"7" ,"' "'' '""' ""■""• """"-'- --' 
 
 J,H:.,r,tf r--d .,.h i.s heUef, and „o„,d ha a „o, 1 7"'" ' •' '"""""'^■' '•""''■^' "- 
 
 £— 1 T">"" cf i« opinion,, pH„eip,e, ....i™..,,.": d. t ' Zl :7"'"- '"'"'"""' "' "" 
 lii. So„.. ,.. ordinarv snile of Hi„„..l...... ' ' """ ' '^""'""'° *f' "m, one of .he 
 
 Laocoon, and 
 
 ]i: IZv T """'^'"''y ^"'^^ ^f Hippolvtus 
 
 Scopas, r.-f One Besides, a Governor intmct^,] k, .v. v , . ^*^^ S»reljr, 
 
 man, and, mf, , ' '" "'"*^"' '^y '^^ K'ng, tO educate his Son -^rnnhl . .1 • , ibeHipHvlu. 
 
 cffb-ee. ns i, Intolerant Times, have educate,! bi,^ • .1 . . .• , ,"'^ '"' ^""' '^o"'*'' ceita.nly, inthcseofCunp.de. 
 
 «id iu .be ' '''^^^ educated him in the 1 stablished Religion of the State *' " ' < h..r.cter 
 
 " Nolic- de la o . „ ^^ gen,x„. '• 
 
 Cole, ie des aa- It will be noticed, that it is the Governor Tl.- - ^- i • . 
 
 uovernor rbcramtnes, who is made to «peak: The Goveinor 
 
 this Destiny which, tlie Governor, in some sort, might be said to 
 have expected : He could not be surprised, equalJy with a common ser- 
 
 The Chaiacters of this Drama are Pagan : 
 So, also, is the Plan. 
 
 A. ahs„rd »o„ld i, h., to male Us Christian, speak the language of Pagans, a, it would he 
 -hs„..d ,„ ha.e n.ad,. those Pagan, sp.ak the language of our titnes. now hat the Daj^Sprin, 
 from on H.gh has flowed iu upon Mankind ! ■ '^ ^ 
 
 ■ In. Drama, •• hl.toria spectahili, ", when Pagans are represented as speaking, the Character, 
 o Pagans ntust he preserved : Such sen.in.en.s, opinions, hahits, usages. ,„! i.es, pri cip le/ 
 a . , conduct, .„.t he g:ven to Kach Pag.n person who speaks, as were congenial ,„ I noC 
 of those .,u,es. as would he, p,.culiarl,, adapted ,o their appropnate Character = or, shall We 
 «u,,pos, that these Pagans had no Characters at all? . ' 
 
 No ,„au. They say. forced Racine to take hi. Subject, from Euripides : No man forced 
 
 See t; ""'•'"«P7"'^- -n scarcely he known, or. recognised = hut, as He pretend, 
 
 1, ir , , '^' -^ """■" '"' ^"''J'" f™"' '■■""P"!'-^. and, has given it to the 
 
 puhhc under the sanet,n„ of his Na.ne, and, with eontinnous reference to hi, AniX rSee 
 "o.e page ) R„cinc ,n gh. have been expected, not, so .„„eh, to have al ed he Ch 
 racer,, no,, .o totally to have changed the Plan of his Great Original. 
 
 No tnan. They say, forced Hinr, to give a Governor to Hippoly.us : The doing so, wa, en- 
 Urely h„ own ehoae : It was his own ...ct, and, deed." 
 
 The Governor, Theratn.tnes, is a person, absolutely, of hi, own creation, of his own inven- 
 ..on. adventmous, tntercalated, foisted in upon ,i ,.-/,.„,•;„ „„•_„ of he Hippoly"u, co- 
 ronam ferens, of Euripides. ^ mppoij i us, co- 
 
 It is a Character, not ,0 he found, in any Greek Drama : In no Greek Drama, is a Governor 
 still, attached intimately to a Man, of the yea.s of HippoUtus. 
 
 For, Hippolvtus was. now, of an age, and, of a Characte; too, that He might be supposed no 
 longer to have need of a Governor : With Hun, the functions of a Governor, long ago, Must 
 have ceased. & & > *"»» 
 
 The late Governor of the King's Son would have been honoured, regarded, favoured, and 
 considered: but. He would no longer have continued, as a Governor, still, attached to the' 
 person of the King's Son, Hippolvtus. 
 
 A Governor, continually, at his side, upon every occaslorf, would have been to Him an 
 unsuppoi table buithen. 
 
 And this very Govei nor, Tlieramenes, They say, is, not, a Faithful Governor, as represented 
 iby Kac.ne : They, even, are inclined to think, Racine has given Him a vile Character; and, 
 They would have been led to suspect, that the Character of Thera.nenes, was invented, by 
 Racine, as a foil, w.th the intention of rendering .till more brillant, and luminous, the Cha- 
 racter oi Hippolytus, if Racine himself had not given them ample cause to judge differently on 
 
 I 
 
6G 
 
 vaiit, one, of the suite of Hippolytus, one, who knew no detail, in Par- 
 ticular, one, who knew only, in General, that Hippolytus departed for 
 
 account of his having, Himself, depreciated, and, rendered less splendid, that bright Gem, as 
 set off by Euripides, of the Character of Hippolytus. 
 
 They surmise that the Governor is doubly guilty : 
 
 Guilty to the Son ; 
 
 And, Guilty to the Father. 
 
 First, Guilty to the Son, in this, amongst various other manners : 
 
 In the opening scene, of the " Ph^dre " of Racine, Hippolytus tells "Theram^nrf", that He 
 is determined to leave Troezenium, in search of his *' dear Father". 
 
 To \Nhich '^Theramene replies" : Where will you seek Him? I have not been able to find 
 Him, in many countries, where, already, I have sought Him. 
 
 *' Croyez-vous decouvrir la trace de ses pas? 
 
 *'Quisait, mdme, qui sail si le Roi votre pere • 
 
 " Veut que de son absence on sache le myst^re ? 
 
 ** Et si, lorsqu'avec vous nous tremblons pour ses jours « 
 
 "Tranquille, et nous cachant de nouvelles amours, 
 
 " Ce Heros n'attend pas qu'une amante abusee...." 
 
 a supposition, which is so very offensive to the Son, that he stops his Governor, and, bids Him 
 respect his Father : 
 
 " Theramene, arr^te, et, respecte Th^see; 
 
 *' De ses jeunes erreurs desormais revenu , 
 *' Par un indigne obstacle il n'est point retenu. " 
 Hippolytus having, now, checked *' Theramene" , and, prevented Him from proceeding further 
 in these disrespectful surmises respecting Theseus, which it has pleased Th^ramenes, not only 
 to make in his own mind, of his own King, but, to present, moreover, to the Son relative 
 to His own Father, who had appointed Him his Governor, proceeds, in the course of their 
 conversation to tell Him, that He is in Love with a woman who is the 
 
 ♦' Reste d'un sang fatal conjure contre nous." 
 that He is determined to shake of this yoke, and to fly from Troezenium, rather than to stay 
 near *' Aricie ", and, to impose such a servitude upon Himself, more, and more. 
 
 He enumerates to Him the various impossibilities, and, also the impolicy, of such an 
 attachment : 
 
 Besides, He tells Him respecting " Aricie " : 
 
 *' Mon P^re La reprouve^ et, par des lois severe* , 
 *' II defend de donner des neveux a ses fr^res : 
 *' D'une tige coupable il craint un rejeton : 
 " II veut avec k-ur Sceur ensevelir leur nom ; 
 . * *' Et que, jusqu'au tombeau , soumise h sa tutelle 
 
 *' Jamais les feux d'hymen ne s'allument poor elle. 
 " Dois-je ^pouser ses droits contre un P^re irrite ? 
 " Donnerai-je I'exemple a la tem^rite ? 
 " Et dans un fol amour ma jeunesse embarquee. . . . ** 
 
 67 
 
 exile, in consequenee ol the order, and, curse, of the King, his Father. 
 
 Here, "Theramene" intenupts Him, and exclaims 
 *' Ah ! Seigneur, etc. 
 
 (16) Krt 
 some of these 
 arguuirnts Mint- 
 lar to .tuch a.< if 
 made to utter : 
 "La dete.suble 
 OLncMie " , 
 " MoD'tre Exe- 
 crable ", with 
 
 And, in prosecution of his speech, can it be conceived, that this vile Character (tS). Thev sav » "^" of per- 
 
 ,. i-r, ^-".7/' suadiiig " Phe- 
 
 Ktill pandering to the passion of the youthful Hippolytus, the Son, his Pupil, still treacherous '^'^'•' See the 
 to the Father, and King, bis Master, is represented, by Racine, saying as follows (a6) : OEnone b.gm- 
 
 uing ; " Ne re- 
 pousses. Mada- 
 IB"," at the esd 
 of (he Fourtk 
 Act, »K.d, Siitfa, 
 Sct^ne, of tke 
 "PLedre" o£ 
 Racio . 
 
 Moieovw, 
 who will appro- 
 ve the doctriae 
 " Th«riDii-De " 
 teaches in the 
 three firyt of 
 these TPrses ; 
 espetiallv, if He 
 con id»-is that 
 They are adret- 
 sed, hy the 
 Gorernor, tD 
 His l'o))il, to 
 The Sod, cob- 
 
 In short, the speech of the Governor is so revolting to, becomes so offensive to, i< made to be FathT/ 
 so very disgusting to, his Pupil, that, again, He checks his Governor, in saying : (W \ s 
 
 "Theramene, je pars, ct vais chercher mon P^re. " ^. Mf.renw 
 
 It may, cursorily, be observed, and even it will be suspected, say the above-mentioned f,8^ xh© 
 Persons, that Hippolytus does not invite " Theramene " to accompany Him, even, at such ^'^7!' '^'^^°'^' 
 a trying juncture, when the Son might have most need of the services of his Governor, be- I.^"* ^^^te'" 
 
 ' " ' " In euce, 
 
 cause, at length. He finds a favourable opportunity of getting rid of his Governor? th.ough con- 
 
 n ■ f -1 rL • i_ III ' , f«)ruiii> to the 
 
 Uul, It cannot tail ot being observed, that the arguments contained, in these fine verses, vhich t" «oiuary 
 "Theramene" is made, by Racine, to speak, have no effect whatever, in changing the deter- particular n1^ 
 mination of Hippolytus : He begins, by telling His Governor, *'Jepars;" and, ends, by teUing ai"o°wer'b. col- 
 His Governor, *' Je pars. " loqmal Spe.k- 
 
 iiig, vet, th.it 
 
 The object proposed to Himself, by Every One who speaks, is to persuade such as hear Him; '"^^riting, aud, 
 
 ,.,,.._,,. ' in Writing Verse 
 
 and, AMth that view. Wen adapt their arguments, not to the reason only, but, to the passions esppciaJiv, an 
 
 " Th^see ouvre vos yeux en voulant les fermer ; 
 
 *'El sa haine, irritant une flamme rebelle, 
 
 ** Donne k son ennemie une grace nouvclle. 
 
 " Knfin, d'un chaste amour pourquoi vous effrayer ? 
 
 "S'ii a quelques douceurs n'osez-vous IVssayer ? 
 
 *'£ii croirez-vous toujours un farouche scrupule? 
 
 "Craint-oii de s'egarer sur les traces d'Hercule? 
 
 •'Quels courages Venus n'a-t-elle pas domptes ? 
 
 " Vous-m^nie, oil seriez-vous, vous qui la combattcz, 
 
 *'Si toujours Antiope (37), a ses lois opposee, 
 
 *' D'une pudique ardeur n'eut brule pour Thesee? 
 
 also, of their hearers : An eloquent, and persuasive, discourse must be suited to, must be, nrt. pJr Tps'be 
 duly, adapted to, the Time, the Place, and, the Audience. same'^Llii'llde';'' 
 
 Aie the arguments which Racine has put into the mouth of "Theramene", such as were likelv ^'1^"*^^/''^''°*'^ 
 
 'J ror ttietireek 
 
 to persnadt* Hippolytus ? Scholar «iu 
 
 r\ \ J 1 I Tw •» ol)ser\e, that,m 
 
 On the contrary, do they not revolt Him? Are they not offensive, and, disgusting, to Him ? «>'^«ler to m;.ke 
 Do they not occasion Him to rebuke "Theramene?" of theTerte* 
 
 Amongst other things, ''Theramene" says to " Hippolyte ", " Where would you have been, >w^Tn't'iope 
 *'• if your Mother had not, at length, become Mistress to your Father ? 
 "Vous-m^ine, ou seriez-vous, vous, qui la comhattez, 
 "Si toujours Antiope (28), a ses lois opposee, {the laws of Venus) 
 "Dune pudique ardeur n'eut brule pour Thesee?" 
 
 ( through the 
 whole " Phi- 
 dre", of Ra- 
 cine ), must be 
 read with a 
 shurt •, and not 
 with a long e : 
 
 Is It, now, Courtly, could it be Courtly, in these times, to remind a man that his Birth g"v accent is 
 
 111 • ■ ^ •» thrown upon 
 
 IS Illegitimate ? ,t, penuit.ma, 
 
68 
 
 It is an error to consider Man [CC], as different, in the {general tenor 
 
 9 
 
 Is It Politic, to observe to a King's Son, who may be supposed to have certain pretensions, 
 
 wliicli bearj a 
 sbort o, and 
 Dot a loDg o. 
 
 Thii suhiect 
 is treated, more 
 at length, iii the 
 Tbird, or Next, j ... . i . „ 
 
 Part of this ana presumptive claims, upon the death of His Father, that He is a Bastard ? 
 and^, "Toua'l ^''^ These such arguments as Theiamene should use to persuade Hippolytus? 
 investigation. guj moreover, is the Whole Tenor of His argument Such as a sensible Man would cull out, 
 and adapt, to persuade an Upright man, a man of Honour, and. Virtue (ay) ? 
 (»9)"Jepui» •^**^ Whole Train of His arguments, surely, is, Not, Such as a Faithful G»ivernor would use 
 R^cire'^'ill^s* ^° ^" Honorable Pupil; is, Not, Such as would fulfil the Duly He owes to the Father; aud, to 
 
 Preface to the Son. 
 
 " Miedre " , 
 
 "que je n'aJ Let any Man, for the Persons above-mentioned appeal to all Ranks of Men,' read the first 
 ** piece, ^o„ U scene of the "Phedre " of Racine, and. He will, then, judge of the Character of Theramenes : 
 "L"e'*au*four ^^^ ^"X private Man, Avho, in common life, is appointed, by a Father, Governor to His Son: 
 *"cdle-ct'"* ^^^ ^"y ^'"" ^^ *^'o'» Consideration, who, in consequence of his Birth,^ Rank, Station, 
 
 "lL^v Knowledge, and. Character, expects it may be proposed to Him to be appointed Governor to 
 
 «' est peint. Par- the Sou of His King, judgc, Whether He can approve the conduct of '' Theram^ne " , or, 
 
 " Tout, avec i i i i ^ 
 
 *' des couirurs Whether He would take the Governor, Theramenes, for his model.' 
 
 " connaitre "et This, then, is the Conduct, This the Character, which it has pleased Racine to give to " Tl>€- 
 
 " hair la difTor- a„„ " . 
 
 ■, „ ramene : 
 
 J, mite. 
 
 And, again: jj is a Systematic, continued, mixed, complicated, unworthiness, not to the Son, only 
 
 " Je n .11 pas • ' ' 1 ' ' 1 J 
 
 "laisse denri- },ut, also, to the Father. 
 
 " chir ma piece 
 
 "de Tout CC qui Many of the remarks, which, already, have been made, evince so clearly, prove so incontes- 
 
 •' m'a paru Je , , , . . . . - t rt ^ 
 
 "plus eclatant tably, this positioti, III reference to the Father also, that, as it is unnecessaiy, so would it be 
 " ne " He" P''"'"f"^« coplous indeed is this subject, to dilate upon it any further : 
 
 indes' ° "" ^"** additional observation must, however be made, that a Faithful Governor (and, this 
 Theramenes had ample time. They say, for the above passes, in the first scene of the " Ph^dre" 
 of Racine) would have communicated, to His Father that His Son was in Love. 
 
 And, then, no longer, could have existed harmony of Incident, and. Character, In the 
 **• Phf'dre " of Racine : Thon, no longer, could have there been Plot, or Action : The 
 *' Denouement " would have been compleat, even before it began : The Plan of Racine would 
 have been at an End. 
 
 This then, they say, is One, of the Numerous instances, which may be adduced of the taste, 
 judgment, erudition, profound observation, right reasoning, consequential deduction, of Racine, 
 on account of which some have been pleased to quoth that He surpassed Euripides. 
 
 [CC] Mtin,] It is a main error lo consider the creature, Man, as different in his nature, 
 or, in the general tenor of his actions. Now, from, Formerly: Diversified He may be, in 
 his modes, customs, and usages, and, varied in his proceedings, according as Revelation 
 influences his conscience, and, his will. May we consider Man of ancient limes, as dislincl 
 from our times, and, as a puppet destitute of such motives of actions as Men have in the 
 present day? Man, in his nature, and, in the general course of his actions, is the Same, 
 Now, as He was, Formerly. Were He not, to what purpose would serve History? It would 
 but remain as "a mere tale to be told". Ever variable, ever fluctuating, neither ancient, 
 or, modern, History could become applicable to the present limes. The real and immediate 
 
 Co 
 
 of bis proceedings, Now [DD], from what he was, Formerly: In that 
 view. Men are much the same, in Modein, as they were, in Ancient 
 times: 
 
 Tlie pretensions of Theseus must have been very well known : It must 
 have l)een very well known, in the King's household, and, in the Court 
 of Theseus , that the God Neptune had piomised the King Theseus to 
 grant him Three requests : The reason why He gianted them must, 
 also, have been very well known : It must, also, have, been very well 
 known that Theseus, yet, had not availed himself of any One of these re- 
 quests: What a King does is very publicly known, in his Court, particu- 
 larly: A King cannot be supposed to have the promise of a God without 
 its being very well known: It must have been very well known that the 
 King had called down upon his Son Hippolytus the completion of One of 
 the Three requests, which was to obtain his fatal execution, within the 
 day: It cannot be supposed that the Exile, and Curse, of Hippolytus were 
 not very well known throughout all the Court : Hippolytus was the 
 Son of Theseus, by the Queen [EE] of the Amazons indeed, Heir, pre- 
 sumtive perhaps, to His Crown j and enjoyed, too, a very high cha- 
 racter, and, reputation: His Governor Theramenes must, necessarily, 
 have been privy to All that had passed, to the King's unexpected return, 
 to the death of Phaedra, and, to the banishment, and curse, of Hip- 
 polytus: All these events could not have happened, so, that they 
 should not be very well known. Generally- and, very well known. Par- 
 ticularly, by the Governor, Theramenes. 
 
 By the conntocd influence of all these observations, and, by the united 
 force of all this reasoning. These persons are led to think, Therefore, that 
 
 object of History is, Truly, stated by Thucydides (3o). History is a Didactic lesson: It (3o) Tow.rds 
 
 ,.- J , . i« i_ • 1 *^^ beginning 
 
 affords the mirror of what is past, by the aid of which, consequential judgment maybe"* '"'* ♦^"^ 
 
 . book, amoDgst 
 
 formed, of what, probably, will happen, from that which lias happened. i'>e proiegome- 
 
 [DD] iVort', J A superficial objection cannot be opposed to this reasoning, drawn from °P''"'*. "P"° t" 
 
 "Uiilory", 
 
 forms, habits, modes, and, particular usages : Tlie argument is true, Generally. 
 
 [EE] Tlie Queen of the Amazons \ Either, Antiope, or, Hippolyta : for, Plutarch, in 
 his life of Theseus, says that Clideraus names Her Hippolyta j and, not, Antiope. 
 
 10 
 
70 
 it would i.ave evinced more acuteness in discerning, even Obvious 
 Adv-an-a^es more Art, and, more Conduct, ,o haveput this narrative"^ 
 thedeath of Ihppoly.us, into the mouth of a messen/er, as has been lone 
 1^7 ' ^^''^-/''-^--h^-o-hofaGotnor, as is dot;^ by 
 
 And, they are led to think, also, and, moreover, that It is misplaced 
 m the mouth of the Governor, Theramenes. m'splaccd 
 
 They conclude in consequence, that This is, Not, one of the instan- 
 ce, ^»■h.ch furnishes a proof that Racine has surpassed [FF] Euripides. 
 
 Already [GG], has been replied to an answer, which, perhaps may 
 be made to Some of the preceding remarks: ^ ^ 
 
 But, there may be, who return to the charge, who resume this untc- 
 
 (FF] surpassed EunpUes.] "II .«, r«,usci.er Sophocle, e, sn^a«,r Eun)..J,.-' 
 Where are we ? I„ what age ? lu what country, <lo We live ? """■""'' 
 
 [GG] See pages 3i, 3j, 33, 34; and, not. [D]. 
 
 Aacihb surpass Euripides I ! ! 
 
 71 
 nabic position, and, hold forth as follows: 
 
 "Several of these observations are just, and, many of the above pro- 
 -positions are true, in the Abstract, Generally- but, here, in this Par- 
 "ticularcase, they are, not only, irrelevant, but, also, misapplied- 
 "because, Hacine wrote for the French stage, and, for Nations profes- 
 " smg the Roman Cathohc, or, Protestant, Relioion- and, MTote, mo- 
 "reover, not, under Natural Relig^ion, alone, but, under Revelation 
 " too : consequently, it was his duty to consider himself as, authori- 
 " tatively, indulged in the latitude of retrenching from, or, superadding 
 " to, Fabled mythology, at will and pleasure, in such a manner as to 
 " adapt his drama to the notions of modern times." 
 
 To this assumption, the persons above stated reply, not only, that They 
 are yet unaware, Why a Modern dramatic poet, who takes his subject 
 from an Ancient dramatic writer, and brings it before the public, under 
 the sanction of his name, and, still more, under continuous reference to 
 Him, and. His authority, may, on the above, which, perhaps, is the best, 
 or, upon any pretence whatever, alter the Plan [HH], and, cast of Cha' 
 
 [HH] alter the Plan,] The above-mentioned Persons, Earnestly, and Particularly, 
 request, that they may not be called upon to observe on the Plan (3i) of the " Phedre" (30Seepag„ 
 of Racine; because. They are apprehensive that, in this case, they may find their urbanity nou CD)?' "* 
 forsake them. 
 
 Such, and, so Great, They think, are the exceptions which may be made to the Plan of 
 "Phedre", that, in this case, They fear They may be supposed to descend into being 
 guilty of committing personalities : They would avoid even the suspicion of being inclined 
 to make any, whatsoever : They, as well as I, disclaim all personalities ; We deprecate 
 
■'2 
 
 racier, so as to vitiate the harmony of the United Interest, and, to spoil 
 the General effect of the Whole : 
 
 They reply, not only, that They have yet to learn, how a Modern may he 
 justified in entering into the aggregate system of Ancient Mythology, and, 
 may he permitted to hack and hew, here and there, and, to defalcate from 
 the General mass, so that the Whole shall he suhmitted, to the peculiar 
 mercy, to the singular caprice, or, to the particular will, and, pleasure, 
 of One individual: 
 
 But, They reply, moreover, that. Now, the question is changed, and 
 that, Now, the point to be considered in the rejoinder of this Special 
 Pleading, is, "Whether Racine has, Well, availed IFimself of this ahove- 
 " mentioned pretence, and has. Duly, adapted his drama to the Notions 
 *'of Modern times",- and. They say, that it hehoves such persons. First, 
 to prove, or, to shew, that This Position is, by General concurrence 
 Universally, Undoubtedly, admitted, and allowed. 
 
 On the contrary, They aflirm that th(i' e are, who put a flat negative 
 upon this proposition, who positively deny it, and, who, by conse- 
 quence, deny any conclusion that is deduced from it: 
 
 That there are, who ask, " Why, if He has refused, in any degree, 
 the doctrine of Fatality, of Ancient times, in a Paj^an Plan, has He 
 not. Better, availed himself of the aids of Revealed Religion, of more 
 Modem limes?" 
 
 "Why", they ask moreover, "if He has thought well, and good, to 
 set aside that Moral elasticity which repulses Vice, has He, in any instance, 
 contributed to render less efficacious such principles as maintain Social 
 Order ? " 
 
 There are, too, who think that though He seems, towards the end of 
 
 being charged with them: We deprecate any, and, every, such insinuation, any, and, 
 every, such imputation. 
 
 It is required, therefore, that whatever observations may be made, throughout the 
 Whole Course of this investigation, yin JU its Four Several Par ts\ moy be considered, 
 solely, and snbstanti\ely, as resulting out of that free, and rational, inquiry liereiii insti- 
 tuted, as aowing from the Subject, aud, not, in any regard, as, Personally, directed 
 to the Man. 
 
 73 
 
 his preface to "Phedre", mainly satisfied with the Virtiious Ten- 
 dency of that drama. They ought not to be equally satisfied with 
 Him; but, are of an opinion Diametrically Opposite to His. 
 
 But I, for my part, have no wish to enter upon any disquisition into 
 the Virtuous Tendency of the drama of "Phedre": That, already, has 
 been done by others : I need not repeat, and iterate, what, already, has 
 been spoken; nor, have I the least inclination to occupy my leisure 
 hours in writing upon Racine. 
 
 As a question to be considered by me, in the course of reading, I was 
 led to compare, collaterally, but, more accurately than ever I had so 
 done, the "Phedre" of Racine, with the Hippolytus Stephanephoros of 
 Euripides: because, Iliad, always, been struck with the maiked diffe- 
 rence which existed between the Two plays; though, the subject of One 
 was said to betaken from the Other: and, because, I conceived that 
 such comparison might, ultimately, tend to fuinish matter for some 
 "Addenda et Corrigenda" to the edition I, formerly, printed of the last 
 mentioned Drama. 
 
 This led me to inquire into the pretensions which Racine, Justly, might 
 bear of being extolled, as a profound, an elegant, or, a good, Greek 
 Scholar: for, 1 had ever been in the habit of hearing that He was so; 
 and, very superlatively too. 
 
74 
 
 Out of This Inquiry [II] resulted Another, into his, taste, iu.lmnen, 
 
 erud.t,on art, eonduct, and, right understanding of the essential nature 
 of his subject. 
 
 If, then, the First inquiry, may, in some sort, be termed, Primary: the 
 Last may, more properly, be called. Secondary: It ^rew utulcr my pen' 
 sensim, ut ht, ac, minutatim : Both inquiries were undertaken chiefly for 
 my amusement, and occupation [RK] , and, as Prolusio Academica. 
 
 [II] Out of this inefuiry resnhed Another,] I„ the Text, are stated, Generally, Some obser- 
 vations upon the "Phedre" of Racine : ^ oome obser- 
 
 In the Notes n,ore Particularly, are set forth a Few of the Many, and. very Numerous, 
 exceptions wh.ch, in my poor opinion, may be made to That PJay : 
 
 Both, Together, have been the cause that this Inquiry has swelled into so much length • It 
 grew under my pen, and encreased, sensim, ut fit, ac, minutatim. 
 
 The above Inquiry into the soundness of the taste, of Racine, the truth of his judgment the 
 extent of his learning, the depth of his erudition, the logical closeness of his reasoning' the 
 consecutive aptness of his deductions, the reach of his intellect, the vastness of his mind the 
 accuracy, preciseness, and certainty, of his knowledge, the rightness of his understanding * and 
 by consequence, into the art, and, conduct. He has displayed in his Drama of "Phedre", is 
 only casual, and, accessory, as It resulted out of the Other. 
 
 But the Main object of Inquiry, is That which follows, into the pretensions >.hich Racine 
 Justly, may bear, of being considered, as a profound, an elegant, or, a good, Greek scholar. 
 
 [KK] Amusement, and occupation ,■ ] Most certainly, it is not my intention, as it is, by no 
 means, my wish, to occupy my leisure hours in writing upon Racine ; but, upon comparing his 
 "Phedre", with the Ilippolytus, coronam fereus, so many exceptions, to the Drama of Racine 
 present themselves to me, and. crowd upon my mind, that, as, they seem without number' 
 so, they appfear without end, ' 
 
 I imagined that I should have been able to comprise this Second part within a very few 
 pages : but, it has, suddenly, grown into a size, has increased into a bulk, which I little 
 cxpecfced : 
 
 The Main Object of my Inquiry is contained in the Third Part : To That I ha 
 J will not, further, detain myself in my career, than to make a few observati 
 
 asten 
 
 and 
 
 ons 
 
 La timlde Arlcle est alors arrlv^e s 
 
 Elle venait. Seigneur, fuyant votre conrroux, 
 
 A la face des Dleux I'accepter pour epoux. 
 
 It must be concluded, that an Able Man, such as was Theseus; who, moreover, was a King, 
 
 -75 
 
 ..,..._ ' consider it as avrpojS'tivvaov, in the present case, to enter unon a dis- 
 -i;:»;->quisition into the Virtuous Tendency of tiie drama of -Phedre" '^¥^'- 
 
 ih to the * » v-'x X xit».ll C . de Trezene, ct 
 
 parmi ces lom- 
 
 I shall content myself with printing ,l,e Whole of the Preface to that -?»Ci'" 
 
 sepulture, Eit 
 uii Temple 
 SBcre, — " 
 
 The Antiqua- 
 rian will judge 
 llie propri. t\, 
 
 . --->«/:, ,„, - - ** " '-'ye^ienaea cnoice; would have selected r^'''^"'"«'^ 
 
 burst of vuio. * "^» and proper, person, as Govpninr trv u;, c i , Orccan temp 
 
 n-ryF.ncy: „;_,,,.. ^ pt^r^on, as Ooveruor to his own Son ; and, to such a Son, too, as was •" ^^^^^ J^-^" 
 
 "^"^^ placed just 
 
 Without the 
 Gates of the 
 City; of le- 
 pras. nliog Ibis 
 Gretiiiu Tem- 
 
 (5l) Who 
 
 «hall give limits 
 
 to Im 
 
 Who 
 
 bounds tu the 
 
 »*Ft glance of 
 " the > oet'j 
 •y», in a fine 
 pbrenrv roU- 
 ing"? 
 
 And, yet, e?en 
 the Poet May 
 ^fot soar, in 
 ample domi- , ' """ ""• juagfl 
 
 tZZX""^- •'"'' ""-1-"'l.v. n.igh,be supposeJ ,„ have a very extended choice; »ouId have selected f'-S^^l^^^ 
 
 burst of Visio- ^ "*» and proper, nerson. a« r.r>x,o.,.,-.„ .„ l.;. ^ , . Grecian temp'e 
 
 HeMun'be H'PPoJytUS. 
 confiDed within 
 VerisiiniUr Re- 
 ialiuui : 
 
 Much more • o •' 
 
 "ThisLawun- It niav be roncliiHprl iK^f *u',^ n^ - . Gretiau Ten 
 
 po««<J upon , , ^ ^onciuded that this Governor was a man of erudition ; was, as we now sav, in the<:e 1''" '^ ''-" 
 the Drswatic 'atler centuries, "learned in books"- ^'^ been placed. 
 
 Poet. ' auougst (he 
 
 Jl", Painting Sepu/chres, 
 
 inay be iudulg. d iJ^^}, '^snsual, 
 
 in certain Auj- "«»^e pl^ctcJ on 
 
 »'r7c.;;' ''";• "'"';, "■•• •»— ^' '« "»y, «eli, be co„cI„ded, ,ha. ,l„s Governor „as conversant in p.'P^." 
 jL.f, S,^ "'^ «^7" "''<"' of "- World, ,ha. He „as „eU qualihed ,o judge of .he Character of .he -':^S:^il 
 jncuichino; >et, several persons, with whom He had to treat with wl.r^.« I.o l i *!'*' ^"'"'"' "i" 
 
 Dramatic foe- ^^*^» ^"" vvliom he had any interest, or, concern. "'^ Aucestoi* 
 
 t«y, though it 
 may not lie cou- 
 
 cti;;f :'i! ""'"'• ''"""■ '■»■■«» « '""> f»™i"g - contrary opinion of ,he Governor Thi^rSuii^nes 
 
 vere. Pinfold of 
 
 Pedantic tru- 
 
 ditiou, munt 
 
 Not overleap 
 
 tl>e hounds Rarin*. twatac «l.x. r- i I^'l- Temple , vat 
 
 .f ..uu,.u. ""'"^ ""'« ••■« Governor apply an epi.het "„,„,*.., ,„ ..Aricie", .vhlch, as, i. ,„av seen,, S'l.!^- 
 ► lie Wot appropriate to tli#. ri.,,.,^.„„ u^ i... •...-. ' - lions oui" 
 
 I'on 
 
 of Hii)poKtusi 
 to hav. Lce"ii, at 
 Troertnium. 
 
 I' is to he i-e- 
 uiiiiked, moreo- 
 ver, that we 
 aie at a loss to 
 know tc, ^vhom 
 •he Temple was 
 
 Uwge., ofHeh- to hp Mr.f ar,„ •. I ^. """"c , ,o AriCie , WjilCll, as. It mav seem, Racine wen- 
 
 8.0U. Rites, „f '° ^^ ^"» appropriate to the Character He has given, in his Drama to " Ariri^ " c / i ^'''"*' ""'-. 
 Ancient cL.- thought to nrove that tl.« r «^", m "is urama to Aricie , so, it may be "LeDieuqu' 
 
 Joms. ^d. of , ^' Vr . 7; ^^^^ ^''^ ^°^^^"«' -^^ "ot capable of judging, even, the Character of "Alice" LtT^ 
 
 lUowu tacts. thouch She had been COntinnallv ,.;♦». .I /^ • . T -n^nnc , and, He seems 
 
 It must he- . . ^ ^ . „ °' continually, with the Court, though the Governor must have had opportu- "'/"i'^-^ -'^^^fi-' 
 com^ sui.jpctcd "»t'«'S ot seeini-; Her, daily, and of iiwlo.nn u^.. i , . ti " "^h the fiction 
 
 «o ^^nchi'o. . „. , ^ ' - ' '"'^' °* J»d8'"g H<?r character, and, even though She was the favourite "*" "^- i-'- 
 
 fism: as for of Hippolytus, His pupil, and, Her character wn..I.J ),» .»ii i j , "*'''' pk; for, iu 
 
 in.unce. Who n„i„ w .t. 1 <^naractei would be still more marked, because She was the ^•'^ " l^'-cit de 
 
 UnJy Woman, with uhnm ac X7«» U\ 1...... i i • . . ' ThcMrmiuc' 
 
 He, again, re- 
 fers to I hit 
 Gr»,iau Tem • 
 J'le, He, again, 
 'u-'Kes use of 
 ••icciaii 
 
 could hear to ^''^^ Woman, with whom, as yet, Hippolytus had been in love 
 
 »ee Mo»<'«, 
 and, Mahomet, 
 introduced 
 
 .7r.t,;,'",1,'; *"''• '» ^'''°"' <'<'« He address Himself, in naming Her .he " ,l„.iJe Aricie"' To These,,. P-"'^' 
 &a!Jr:;r%"''°' P"'"!"- ""•'''' "-"^ i-Je^-i differently of Her Character, Especially, and Pa.ticularK '""H-" 
 .„..,..,, .o,n .he c„„versa,ion He is represented as having „i.l, .'Aricie" in ,1 precceding seen" '■•'•'"•'"- 
 hut One, of the "Phi-dre". „fK».:..,. ,.„l /-_ „ , .. . ' "'"» '""'^> c™ ,,.,,.1., „„ 
 
 Jing con- 
 versation. 
 
 Together:" \ ^ r^ e i - ^. , ' " ** """ •'»"«-»c in me preccetling scene *" '" 
 
 A iTamatic hutOne, of the " Phedrc ", of Racine ■ -.iwl r»»«..ii . c vi , & ^^^-^^^^^ cun ch 
 
 PoetMu„p„.. „ fl. ' - ' "* «ac»»e, and Generally, too, from Her v. hole conduct, and "^''*= "• " Au. 
 
 »e.. such .utH- "<^r "'gnt .•' ♦ """' j.ortes de Ire- 
 
 ^eiie", says, 
 lh<n, Racine, 
 '"'"Temple sa- 
 
 Would Theseus have expected to be told, that '' Aricie " was veiy - tuuule^ ? ^^iJ. lilti^ 
 
 a o-cnt |uicr eu 
 vain. " Theie, 
 
 Is i. a proof of Her .Imidi.y ,ha,, now, flying from the anger of the Father Theses ,.ho ^'''■^' 
 nslanllv, had refused hi. ^,.„.„.,. .. i. •_ ., .. .„ ... ' ""»' li"i.". lo 
 
 cient accuracy, 
 pieci^ene.i.s, 
 and, cirtainly, 
 of kiiuwle(l(;e, 
 «» to preclude 
 Him from traut- 
 g>r»iug the 
 houuds of Or- 
 tnin, l^slablis 
 
 I,., K..„„, cons.,n,ly, had refused his consent ,o Her marriage „i.h His Son Hippoly.us. She r '„ :ZP^-'.i^^> 
 ^ .,...,„,.. n,,on ,hc road from Tro..,e„ium ,o Argos, and Kpidaurus, „i,h the uhim (3a) of follo.vin -'^""^ "' 
 
 o each olhci- au 
 
ctcrtuJ ▼•w 
 
 " Libres dans 
 nos mallieurs, 
 
 7G 
 play,- and, leave Others to judfje for themselves. 
 
 puKsque le ciei jt Is tpuc, Indecd, tliQt, rfs, I have made up mv mind upon, the Plan, 
 
 don de notre 
 tot ne depend 
 Je personne. 
 *• Osex me »ui- 
 
 ^7 i^su""*'"^'PP°'y^"^' "°" exiled, and cursed, by His Ring, and Fatlier, and, of finding some opportunity 
 
 " S»i'" '•*■ of marrying Him ; 
 
 tre_ Epoui. 
 " Epoui " ! 
 though " Hip- 
 
 J'ai perdu , dans la fleur de leur jeune saison , 
 Six Freres, quel espoir d'une illustre maison ! 
 Le fer moissonna tout ; et la terre humectec 
 But, a regret, le sang des neveux d'Erectee. 
 Tu sais, depuis leur mort , quelle severe Loi 
 Defend a Tous les Grecs de soupirer pour Moi. 
 
 though, She was aware that She, never, could obtain the consent of the Father, whom 
 polyte " knew Racine exhibits as reconciled to His Son, but, at no time, makes to say He would consent to 
 
 He might Not •' 
 
 niarrT "Aricie"; the marriage ; 
 
 •^•"Aricu- " knew though, She Hcrsclf knew there were unsurmounlable objections to Her marrying Hip- 
 She might Not 
 marry " Hippo- polytUS ; 
 
 the' " ihppo- though, Still, further, She Herself was conscious of Her own situation; 
 
 Ijie", of Ra- thouch, She Herself Js made, by Racine, out of Her own mouth, to express Herself thus 
 
 cine, banished, . J J J r 
 
 and cursed, by Jq JJcr '" COnfidcnte " : 
 hii Fjther, and 
 his King ; and, 
 having superin- 
 duced upon 
 all thi* niiserr, 
 his marriage 
 with " Aricie", 
 in opposition, 
 not, only, to 
 the Will, and, 
 Consent, of his 
 Father, and. 
 King ; but, mo- 
 reo\er, to the 
 Laws, and. Po- 
 licy, of Greece, 
 was, according 
 to Racine, to 
 proceed, to 
 assert his claims 
 to Sovereingty 
 in Other coun- 
 
 {o'r^^^^'^y^^l' Would This " Loi " which Racine makes *' Aricie " to represent, not, as a Law, of 
 te^d^les "br«, Pains, and. Penalties, only; but, moreover, as amounting to an Absolute Prohibition, con- 
 et Sparte «o,.s .^ ^j^^ g^^^ ^^ Jheseus, as not being One of the Number of " Tous les Grecs ? " 
 
 appelle : and, ' " 
 
 ihe " timide 
 
 Aricie " was ts 
 
 join in this 
 
 Whim ; and, to 
 
 accompany 
 
 Him. in his 
 
 banishuient. 
 
 If it should 
 appear to any, 
 sav the above- 
 mentioned Per- 
 sons, that This « 
 IS a captious 
 remark, they 
 may rest assur- 
 ed that it is 
 Not, iu any, 
 the least, view, 
 directed as an 
 Eiception taken 
 to the " beaux 
 vers de Raci- 
 
 Solelv^"*aS''''^' ^"*' ^^'^ Speeches of the Governor Theramcnes, however Kne the verses ; but, his Conduct, 
 Eicliisiveiy, ^ylH be fouud lo bc, morc, and more, removed from the Usages, and. Notions, of Ancient, or, 
 
 as an Example, 
 
 whereby nay 
 
 be uiarktd Ano- 
 ther instance 
 of the ritent 
 of his Learning, 
 of the accuracy, 
 preciienets 
 and, certainty, 
 of hit Know- 
 ledge ; itnd, M 
 a juslificatiou 
 of the position 
 here frrqueutly 
 advanced, whe- 
 rel>y Thty 
 may be enabled 
 •" ask. Whe- 
 ther, in the 
 " Phedre", 
 hi» Magic Versi- 
 fication has not 
 rtodert'd Him, 
 sometimes, sus- 
 ceptible of re- 
 presenting Man, 
 as not, always, 
 acting in c«n- 
 fori..ity to thr 
 »ery nature of 
 M««', at all pe- 
 riods; as not, 
 ever, chiming 
 in unison with 
 the Notions, 
 and Usages, of 
 M»«". in All 
 times. Ancient, 
 ■» well as, 
 Modern : 
 
 And, lucli 
 Persons would 
 be inclined, 
 moreo»cr, to 
 ask, V^TietLer, 
 Ibis is an ins- 
 tance, by which 
 uny be e\idfu- 
 ced, that Racine 
 " surpassed 
 Euripides ". 
 
 77 
 
 ..fi'l;;,;' "^ "" *"' characters, the Harmony of interest, and incident, the Art, t,.„ .0. 
 r.truJ„l ^"''' ''"= Conduct, of the Tragedy of "Pliedre"; so, also, have I for-'.'"™ T.,f 
 :S'Sl™.t'"'"l my opinion upon, the taste, the judgment, the the-'"""r "" 
 
 ■ay the Persons 1 • ^1 i.. 1.1 , ^ ''*''^> 
 
 •ay the Persons 1 ■ I 1 • • 1 • 1 "^"^i *''* ■' 
 
 .boTe-n.ent,o- leamuig , the erudition, the n^ht reasonings, the correctness and ""'^ '" •^'^ 
 itS'^^''''''''''''''''^' ""^ knowledge, the consecutive aptness in deduction, 'of (he ati'lCsi- 
 
 Draiua of' * Phi- PrcFaCC. ^^'^ <^"'j> *^^ 
 
 d'e " . to the * Character of 
 
 the speaker ; 
 
 Persons, all 
 'inentio. 
 , are incli- 
 ned to think, 
 
 ■fe 
 Men do not. 
 
 Notions of Mo- 
 slem times ; so, 
 •ay They, it 
 doet not, 
 UaivefMll*, 
 •PP«»r, tliat 
 He has, always, 
 rendered it ' 
 ronfonnable tu 
 the Usages of 
 Modern times. 
 
 Poetry, Tliey 
 •re well aware, 
 if Not History : 
 fcut. Dramatic 
 Poetry approa- 
 ches to the 
 nature of His- 
 tory, More 
 than Any Other 
 Poetry :" I», 
 justly, may be 
 ternied »'"Hi»- 
 toria Specta- 
 bUis ". 
 
 As, They do 
 not, always, 
 find themsel- 
 ves, c-iptive to 
 that illusioa, 
 
 that, someti- 
 mes. They are 
 hurried away, 
 and, do not 
 stop to reflect ; 
 Whether Raci- 
 ne adapts such 
 sentiments, 
 principles, ha- 
 bits, and, usa- 
 ges, as are 
 proper to suclx 
 Dramatic Per- 
 son, or, Per- 
 sons, as He 
 represents, 
 hearing, or, 
 speaking, upoa 
 the stage ; 
 Whether, He 
 eihihits Sach 
 as are conso- 
 nant, to the 
 By II I very nature of 
 
 ut, I am well aware that my opinions ought not to influence the ?^:; t'„df\„ 
 
 all periods ; 
 
 and, Whether, 
 
 the Art of this 
 
 Great Dramatic 
 
 Poet, is, alwavs. 
 
 «pect 10*"^ °f Modern, times (33), and, still yet, more reprehensible, if we proceed, Particularly, to an f„' ^^ ^ ^^ - 
 The Mbd, T/a 3C<^""t« observation, to a severer investigation. iu the'conruct 
 
 Dramatic Poet: 
 
 " ~ Thehis 
 
 mod^t me ponit, 
 
 nodo ponit 
 
 Athenis " ; so, .^^ e Su h 
 
 indiner'to'"' ^^ ^^^^ Concluding harangue of the Governor Theramenes, He tells his King, and the Father, ^eTt'"" -et 
 Men"!' J,d^l,. ^^*'° had appointed Him Governor to His Son, in speaking of this " ftmtJe Aricie " that; «"f N"* ^tl^ink 
 
 pecially, the 
 
 of this Drama 
 of " Phidre ". 
 
 I, fjr my 
 part , do not 
 pretend to 
 judge Such a 
 
 Country-Men 
 of Racine, are 
 raptivated, by 
 the wonderful 
 magic of his 
 versification ; 
 by the great, 
 noble, and, vir- 
 tuous, senti- 
 ments. He, so 
 frequently, in- 
 troduces, iu 
 fine verse ; are 
 ed astray, by 
 he blaudish- 
 ments of this 
 Great Lnchan- 
 Ur : " He 
 breathes such 
 divine enchan- 
 ted rivish- 
 meut" ! " In 
 •leasing slnm- 
 
 Elle venait , Seigneur, fuyant votre courrcux, 
 A la face des Dieux, Taccepter pour epoux. 
 
 Whose " courroux " ? , 
 
 That of a Father, who objects " toto coelo " to the alliance ! 
 
 That of the King, who objected to the alliance from State Policy ! 
 
 that mauv 
 Usages, which 
 are Common 
 to All Times, 
 are, always, 
 duly preserved, 
 in the " Phe- 
 dre •'. 
 
 And, I happen- 
 ing, from the 
 chance of my 
 birth, and, con- 
 nectiou.s, to 
 have been in 
 habits, all my 
 life long, with 
 Persons, who 
 obtained accu- 
 rate informa- 
 tion, upon 
 matters of slate, 
 I can not help 
 being struck 
 with the defi- 
 ciency of certi- 
 tude, iu such 
 
 t „. u 1 ti cicucv ot certi- 
 
 ber, so He lulls _ t A I, 
 
 the sense'! Do Is a poet, a Dramatic Poet especially, on the Puhhc Stage, to teach that justificatory cases irtdii5ente,"*^as 
 
 H 
 
78 
 tiie GoTemo, judgmcnt oft hers: I have too much reason to he diffident of mv — 
 
 Theram. u< .s, • i "' J m Epiru. ; an«!, 
 
 i» rep.een.edown; liourJy, to scc my own errors, and, imperfections; dailv " '''°"''' •"" 
 
 hy haciue, to i n t J' 
 
 t.re,.„.„,,j jQ jjg convinced of the weakness, and insufficiency, of my ahihties. 
 
 l^l^ Kiijg, and 
 Master, the 
 Father of Hu 
 Pupil Hippo. 
 I^tu>, was now. 
 Dearly, an h t d ! 
 The SovereigB 
 ad\aDced to 
 lake re-posse<' 
 fioa of his D«- 
 niiiiions.' (^oul.t 
 iiiiy King be s* 
 very ncjr, upon 
 his prompt 
 • eturn ; and, 
 \et, mijjht Hit 
 Counril, and 
 His Aliuisters, 
 be >i;pposed to 
 hn\e no tidings 
 of lliiu ; but, 
 oulj, a " bruit 
 soiird " re»- 
 ppcling their 
 Kii«S .' n.-id 
 *' Theraniene " 
 no relation, do 
 iutiinate cou- 
 munica'ion 
 »tilh Govern- 
 »u. ut ? Would 
 Government 
 not hi\e ins- 
 tructed Hiin. 
 insfautiv, wilh 
 •uch intelli- 
 gence, as It had 
 o!>tair>ed, with 
 regard to th« 
 King , the 
 Father of his 
 Pupil > Uhat 
 was the dis 
 tance. hv Land, 
 or, by Sea, of 
 Fpi'ux, from 
 Troexeniuuj .' 
 Where was 
 "HnipGc (ft>n- 
 
 be Mure than 
 surmised, by 
 hi* Ministers, 
 Wore tlian 
 bu'/zed aliont, 
 through »ll hii 
 Stales ? Could, 
 ^uih a Mao af 
 Tlie>rus, travel , 
 through Any 
 Part ui' Greece, 
 intognito ? 
 
 I have finis- 
 iK-d : Others 
 may rrmark, if 
 siiih may be 
 their will, upon 
 the words 
 used by ih« 
 Governor, 
 "on pietend", 
 which are so- 
 mewhat more 
 enerftetic, than 
 "ondif'i »od, 
 which, in the 
 Frent h langua< 
 g"*, generally, 
 presuppose 
 that the asser- 
 tion is. Only, 
 Iiazurded; tliat 
 it can Not be 
 proved ; and, 
 tliat, in the 
 •ud, it Will b« 
 refuted . I hey 
 may observe, 
 too, upon th« 
 words " tnais 
 Moi — Je sai* 
 trop bien ". . . . 
 '*l»en, it ap. 
 pears that 
 " Theramene " 
 knew •' Dolhiog 
 ■t •« " . ] hej 
 ■>«y remark, 
 ■l*o, that th« 
 phra-e " Je saif 
 
 xl;r».poc^cT,n- ^^^''^' ^^^^"' wlthout fiuther delay, follows the Whole of the Preface ^jli''"^-,'' 
 1^T2U'' of l^acine to his Tragedy of " Phedre ". ".""*.:"-'- 
 
 Mat ef.'onia. 
 
 Mat ef.'onia, 
 *nd, Aih ia? 
 Was it upon 
 Ih'" k'niau Sea? 
 Wa> it many 
 iifagues, by 
 Sea, ( for 1 he- 
 •eui, cerlniuly, 
 cime, b\ .S< »', ) 
 from Troeie- 
 Bium ? r. aid. 
 Such a Man as 
 The eu 
 Buder the 
 
 "PREFACE. 
 
 » 
 
 even "j'aie 
 
 *anci'«, pre- 
 sent himself in 
 tipi us ; iind, 
 eau e, onlv, a 
 "bruit sourd " 
 at Ih 
 
 Bow 
 
 de I ; that it 
 beari an a fec- 
 ted impoilaMce, 
 common to 
 •I'lle, petty, 
 •l»«*»nf, pr». 
 »•■»?••»?, men; 
 Ijut, very un- 
 common, in- 
 deed, to Great 
 Wen : They 
 
 " Voici encore une tra{;edie dont le sujet est pris d'Euripide. Quoique"""^'-- '^^^^ 
 '^:^ suivi line route Un Peu Differente do celle de cet auteur noui la ">;''"«""«' 
 
 1 '"e Gotcruur 
 
 >j g"e» Ihi infor- 
 «n«lion, wi'h 
 r*gard to his 
 Father ; and, 
 respecitnic Li* 
 own King. 
 Ti» 1- 1 . . 7hi», then, is 
 
 may Marry, according their humour, ilie tommuni- 
 
 Buder the e,is- '' - '^ " --^* . . ^ . v.« . v. w^ ws^jn. u^. «_t I tlUlCUI pOUI lU 
 
 'til'cs'^™" "conduiie dc Taction, je n'ai pas laisse d'eurichir ma piece de Tout ce 
 
 sent himself in 
 
 , ^ TrllV '"^y ^^PP''"' in«liich, Kings daughters, or, Kings Sons, may .Yjarry, accoraing tneir Humour, iLe con,muni 
 Ch a ]£:'': ^""''>' «nJ caprice, their omt pleasure, at their o«n time, against 'the will, and consent, of "itr^;!"::''.. 
 Th*s.u., „„>« ii,^i^ Father, and their Sovereign, contrary to the interest of the State, contrary to positive j:i;;.'".".!'ifj 
 
 79 
 
 bruit sourd 
 veut que le Roi 
 respire. Ou 
 preteud que 
 Thesee a paru 
 dans riipire ; 
 uiii- M.ui. qui 
 I'v then hai, 
 Seigneur, je sais 
 trup bicu. , . " 
 
 ^^qui m'a paru le plus ^clatant dans la sienne. Quand je ne lui devrois" 
 "que la seule idee du caractere de Phedre, je pourrois dire queje lui" 
 
 Law, in that case made, and, provided? 
 
 What, because Racine is a Poet, must. He, also, be a Minister (34) ! qJiitlt Polt* 
 
 And, Who is the Person, whom Racine has fixed upon, to revolutionize this estabh'shed order nistre ? 
 
 of things, and, to bring about these heterogeneous events, which. Some think, are in «lisa- ^jy°^'* 
 
 reement with all Social Duty, with all Moral, and Civil, Obligation, are in opposition to all '^^^^ °^ 
 Legitimate Government ? 
 
 Forsooth, upon the '■^ limide A ride '^ I 
 
 Who then, is *' Aricie " ? a Young Girl, whose distinctive advantages consist, not so much in 
 her profound wisdom, in her recondite experience in public affairs, as in her fair character, in 
 the chance prerogative of her high Birth, and, in the casual superiority of her personal Beauty. 
 
 " A la face des Dieux I'accepter pour epoux. " 
 Who were the Ministers of Religion, who might solemnize such a marriage ? 
 Who were the Objects of Religion, who would accept such a marriage? 
 "Pour epoux"! What Civil Authority could recognize as legal, and valid, such a marriage ? 
 
 (35) I «» 
 
 aware, that, lu 
 subsequent 
 times , " la 
 Mort de Cesar " 
 encountered 
 much dinieulty, 
 in procuring 
 represeulation, 
 at Paris, be- 
 cause there 
 were No Cha- 
 racters of Wo- 
 men, in the 
 Drama : 
 
 But, this ob- 
 jection could, 
 never, have 
 been made to 
 " La Phedre " , 
 because there 
 were Female 
 Cbararter«, iu 
 «' La rht-drc " , 
 without inter- 
 polating. That 
 pf » Aricie". 
 
 It is irrelevant to my subject, to enter upon any disquisition, into the Virtuous Tendency <ff 
 the Drama of "Phedre". 
 
 I shall not detain myself, in my career, to ask, ^^^lether it may be collected, from the "Phedre" 
 of Racine, that "Aricie" (35) would, ultimately, have married (36) Hippolytus, against the gj^fj^f/^^Y.' 
 Will, and. Consent, of his Father, contrary to State Policy, contrary to Positive Law, if the C^')' 
 marriage had not been put an end to, by the death of Hippolytus : 
 
 But, I shall, briefly, suggest One further observation ; and, One alone : 
 
 That, in the Drama of " Phedre ", the Conduct, nay, the Whole Character, of the Governor 
 
8o 
 
 it 
 
 u 
 
 
 dois ce quej'ai peut-cne mis de plus raisonnable sur Ic .hatre 1." 
 
 ne ,u,s poinc etonne ,..e ce caracere ait eu „„ succes I ^^L du" 
 
 emps , Eunpule at qu'il ai. cncprc si bien rdussi dans no.re Ti'de " 
 
 " Z pi • . ''"'""' '""P'-'^^ ^ •=''^'- '« compassion c, la .erreur E^' 
 
 " Pi:: inf • ' ':" '^ fr'^-^^ ^' p^^ '« -'^- <>- ^^^-^ - r„T:ne" 
 
 '^r fo o I'm ' " '""^ ^ '°'-""'- '"""^ '^ P-"--- '-^"c fait ,ous" 
 scs effor s po n- la snrmon.er. Elie aime micux so laisser mourir cue 
 
 de,.,d ,„,e.,.person„c. E., lorsqu'dle es. forcee de la decouv r' Tie 
 en panic avcc une confusion, qui fai. l.ien voir que son crime Cs. 1'^ 
 « une puni,ion des Dicux, qu'un mouven.cn, de sa volon,^ ^ 
 
 " J'ai m^mc pris soin de la rendrc U„ Peu Moins Odieuse qu'elle n'est" 
 
 .1 adlcur,dc. sen„men,s si nobles e. si ver.ueux. Ce.te bassesse n 'a paru" 
 
 seniles, et qu. ncunraoms n'en.reprend cce fansse accusation „ue" 
 pour sauver la vie et rhonncur de .a maitresse. Phedre n'y dom.ele » 
 nuuns que parcc qu'elle est dans une agitation d'esprit qui I metlo"" 
 
 (57) In llie rpi . ■^ ^ ,- . 
 
 Tfeird and ' hframcnes (3;;, are rendered still more remote from the R..1 HI » r 
 
 :r i^r;;:.-^ T,.gedv, because, the sentiment., and, princiZ of ti.e L ' '''''" ^^^ ^^^ ^"^-'-n, 
 
 t.on a specU principies, ot the Governor meet with no refutation. 
 
 »nd , pai-licu- 
 |ap, i.qiiir't, 
 
 i" iusUtiiteel in At Athens, the rem-etipnrifln.. ^e ^ r\ 
 
 r.for,»ceioihe ,, , repi esentatiou of a Drama was stopped bv the audienrp th- ,.1 
 
 IVop.r N.«i. •'■ntredloprorerd, 'till a iuulHratr ,. i . /J" "^ me audience, the play was not 
 
 But, Here, ,s „ot the Whole Character Immoral ? 
 
 » 
 
 
 ^-Jf" hfit a Fine Oiaracur « Ti^oi of '^ Ti 
 
 (( 
 u 
 
 
 erjntine 
 
 r 5» 
 
 8i 
 
 " cVelle-meme ; et elle vient un moment apres dans le dessein de justifier" 
 "J'innocence et de declarer la verity. 
 
 " Hippolyte est accuse dans Euripide et dans Seneque d'avoir en effet " 
 ^^viole sa helle-mere; vim corpus tulit. Mais il nVst ici accuse que d'en" 
 avoir eu dessein. J'ai voulu epargner ^ Thesee une confusion qui" 
 Tauroit pu rendre moins agr^able aux spectateurs. 
 
 ^^Pour ce qui est du personnaf^e d'Hippolyte, j'avois remarque dans'' 
 les anciens, qu'on reprochoit k Euripide de Tavoir represente comme un" 
 "philosophe exempt de toute imperfection j ce qui faisoit que la mort" 
 *'de ce jeune prince causoit beaucoup plus d'indignation que de pitie." 
 *^ J'ai crn lui devoir (Jonner quelque foiblesse qui le rendroit un peu" 
 "coupable envers son pere, sans pourtant lui rien oter de cette gran-" 
 deur d'ame avec laquelle il ^pargne I'honneur de Pbedre, etselaisse" 
 opprimer sans I'accuser. J'appelle foiblesse la passion qu'il ressent," 
 "malgre lui, pour Aricie, qui est la fille et la soeur des ennemis mortels" 
 " de son pere, 
 
 "Cette Aricie n'est point un personnage de mon invention. Virgile" 
 <'dit qu'Hippolyte I'^pousa, et en eut un lils, apres qu'Esculape I'eut" 
 " ressuscit<^. Et j'ai lu encore dans qudques auteurs qu'Fiippolyte avoit" 
 "Spouse et emmene en Italic une jeune Aibenienne de grande nais-" 
 "sance, qui s'appeloit Aricie, et qui avoil donne son nom a une petite" 
 'Silled'Italie. 
 
 " Je rapporte ce^ autorites, parceque je me suis Tres-'^crupuleusement " 
 ^'attache a suivre la Fable, J'ai meme suivi I'liistoire de Thesee, telle" 
 ^* qu'elle est dans Pluiarque. 
 
 "C'estdans cet liistorien que j'ai trouve que ce qui avoit donne occa-" 
 ^^ sion de croire que Tlies^e fut descendu dans les enfers pour enlcver " 
 "Proserpine, etoit un voyage que ce prince avoit fait en Cp ire vers la" 
 "source de TAclieron, chez un roi dont Piri(bous voidoit enlever la" 
 "femme, et qui arrcta Tbesee prisonnier, apres avoir fait mourir Piri-" 
 " tlioiis. Ainsi j'ai tacbe de conserver la vraiseniblance de I'histoire, sans" 
 "rien perdre des ornements de la Fable qui fouinit extremement ^ la" 
 "poesie. Et le bruit de la mort de Tbesee, fonde sur ce voyage fabu-" 
 "leux, donne lieu k Pbedre de faire une declaration d'amour, qui de-" 
 
82 
 
 '^vient unc des principales causes de son malheur, et qu'elle n'auroit** 
 ^^jamais ose faire tant quVlle auroit cm que son niari ctoit vivant. 
 
 '' Au reste, jc n'ose encore assurer que cette piece soit en effet la meil-'* 
 ^Meure de mcs tragedies. Je laisse et aux lecteurs et au temps a decider" 
 "de son veritable prix. Ce que je puis assurer, c'est que je nVn ai point" 
 "faite ou la vertu soit plus mise en jour que dans celle-ci. Les moindres" 
 *^fau(es y sont severement punies. I.a seule pensee du crime y est re-" 
 ^'gardee avec autant d'horreur que le crime. Les foiblcsses de Tamour" 
 "y passent pour de vraies foihlesses. Les passions n'y sont presentees" 
 *'aux yeux que pour niontrer tout le dcsordre dont elles sont cause j et" 
 ^Me vice y est peint par-tout avec des couleurs qui en font connoitre et" 
 ''hair la difformite. C'est-la propremcnt le but que tout homme qui" 
 ' travaille pour Ic public doit se proposer j et c'est ce que les premiers" 
 poetes tragiques avoient en vue sur toute chose. Leur theaire etoit une" 
 *'ecole oil la vertu n'etoit pas moins bien enseignee que dans les ecolcs" 
 "des philosophes. Aussi Aristote a bien voulu donner des regies du" 
 poeine dramatique; et Socrate, le plus sage des philosopbes, ne de-" 
 daignoit pas de mettre la main aux tragedies d'Euripide. 11 seroit a sou-" 
 "baiter que nos ouvrages fussent aussi solides et aussi pleins d'utiles" 
 "instructions que ceux de ces poetes. Ce seroit peut-etre un moyen de" 
 "reconcdier la tragedie avec quantite de personnes cel^bres par leur" 
 " piete et par leur doctrine, qui Font condamnee dans ces derniers temps, " 
 "et qui en jugeroient sans doutc plus favorablement, si les auteurs son-" 
 "geoient autant a instruire leurs spectateurs qu'a les divertir et s'ils" 
 "suivoicnt en cela la veritable intention de la tragedie." 
 
 (( 
 
 
 Whoever, then, would find this Subject treated, more at length, 
 recur to a Pamphlet, cntided, ^^ Comparaison entre la Phedre de 
 
 mav 
 
 83 
 
 ''Racine, et, Celle cH Euripide ;'' and, printed, at Paris, in 8vo. 1807, 
 by A. W. Schlegel : 
 
 I beg leave, however, to observe that many grave objections, many 
 "weighty observations, many severe criticisms, many just, and, impor- 
 tant, remarks, seem, never, to have entered into the perceptions of 
 writer. 
 
 His remarks upon "Phedre" occupy from page 11, to page Bq: 
 on Hippolyte , from page 39, to page 57 
 on Thcramene, from page 57, to page Sq 
 on Thesee, from page 59, to page 68 
 
 in this manner : 
 
 "// nous reste encore a examiner le caractere de Thesee, celui de 
 '^ Tous que Racine a le plus mal traite," 
 
 These last begin 
 
 icme 
 
 And, whoever wishes for further information with regard to Iiacii 
 may refer to, and consult, the several authors, and writers, of whom 
 I subjoin an alphabetical list : 
 
 Batteux : 
 Brumoy : 
 : Dubois 
 
 Bidard : Boilcau, in 
 
 Casalbigi, in his Letter 
 
 Fenelon : Fontaines 
 
 Fontenelle: Garnier (Robert): 
 
 Arnauld : Barbier d'Aucourt : 
 many various places : Brossette : 
 to Aljieri: Chassaigne : Chatelet 
 ( rAbb(^' des ) " Racine Fenge " : 
 (38) ciied Oeoffroy (38) : Gilbert : Hedelin ( Franc^ois, Abbe d'Aubignac, et 
 
 Uallv, rAbbe I-m/f. \TT¥ T T ' T 1-1». 
 
 de iNleimac } : l^a llarpe: Lamotte : Legouve: Luneau dc Bois- 
 jermain : Marmontel : Dumolard : Nicole : Olivet : Palmc- 
 
 zeaux : Petitot (Claude-Bernard): Pineliere (N de laj: 
 
 Le Franc de Pompignan : Pradon: Bacine , his dramatic Writings j 
 also, "Lcttres", and, "OEuvres di verses": Bacine (Louis), his son, '' Let- 
 tres de": Biccoboni, son, ''Hippolyte et Jricie'\ Parudie, 1733^ 
 
 1I!U 
 
 Geofirov. 
 
«■-'%.'» liBr^.-3«- 
 
 ;*sr 
 
 84 
 
 not published : Saverio: Segrais : Sevifrn^, (Madame de), " Lettrcs 
 de'': Sainte-Croix (Guillaume-Emanucl-Joseph Guiiliem de ), ]\otice 
 sur Deux Manuscrits de Racine, " Ma^jasin Encyclopedique, " 3d volume, 
 page io3, "Litterature Grecque": St. Evremond: Schlegel : Subli- 
 gny : Valincourt : Voltaire : 
 
 And, also, several Fugitive Pieces, Poetical Annals, Bio- 
 graphical Dictionaries, Dramatical Anecdotes, Dictionary of the 
 French Stage, Letters, Pamphlets, Sonnets, Epigrams, Sati- 
 rical Verses, etc. etc. etc. 
 
 ERRATA 
 
 in 
 
 [ 
 
 Numbers IX, X, XI, XII, and, in the 
 first, and second, part of N^ XIII. 
 
 TEXT. 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 Page I a 
 
 line 12 
 
 a 
 
 
 17 
 
 itKpOLXfJLiVOq 
 
 i3 
 
 3 
 
 €V(TiCt1^ 
 
 
 4 
 
 iVtTiSilotg 
 
 
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 18 
 
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 i4 
 
 8 
 
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 16 
 
 eticr^vvrg 
 
 i5 
 
 28 
 
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 I? 
 
 ai 
 
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 18 
 
 5 
 
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 ao 
 
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 ^9 
 
 32 
 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 a-ct)(ppoavvn 
 
 32 
 
 3 
 
 One 
 
 
 4 
 
 All 
 
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 46 
 
 18 
 
 as 
 
 47 
 
 6 
 
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 Read 
 
 a 
 
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 ivaeCtig 
 
 ivaiSilotg 
 
 ricf 
 
 etta-^vvrg 
 
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 % 
 
 CtV^OCOTTUg 
 
 oqag 
 oXsaag 
 
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 (Tco(ppo(jvvr\ 
 
 All* 
 
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 has 
 
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■'"?'*'>vi>^^,'° 
 
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 ^ 
 
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 RSMB 
 
 Page" 8 1 line si 
 83 6 
 
 For 
 cm 
 writer 
 
 Read 
 
 cru 
 
 that writer 
 
 
 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 
 
 
 
 For 
 
 Read 
 
 Page 12 
 
 line 
 
 5 
 
 T 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 E/0£y«< 
 
 tii'ipui • 
 
 i3 
 
 
 . 4 
 
 J'dXEO) 
 
 i'oMiti . 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 tT(pxXiu,ivsi 
 
 ir^tcXfiitoi 
 
 »9 
 
 
 24 
 
 S«<r]etl^tlt 
 
 Cx(riicl^t]t 
 
 
 
 3i 32 
 
 error for 
 
 error ; for , • 
 
 26 
 
 
 8 
 
 u z3-oft»Kfto nvfutjet 
 
 tCZS-OfittijtCOitVfCtlJlt 
 
 27 
 
 
 6 
 
 (3) 
 
 (0_ 
 
 32 
 
 
 I 
 
 what 
 
 which 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 page line 
 
 page line of the Third part 
 
 5i 
 
 
 2 
 
 page note [E] 
 
 page 36, note [H]. 
 
 65 
 
 
 16 
 
 (See note p. ) 
 
 (See Text p. 32, 33, 34 j 
 and, also, note [D], ) 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 note page ) 
 
 p. 3^, and, note [D]. ) 
 
 68 
 
 
 18 
 
 only 
 
 only J 
 
 ♦ . 
 
 ^t Pa^es 82, and, 33, Note [D] : I have been asked, " Whether the story 
 
 "ofJephthah, and. His Daughter, (Judges, chap, ii*^, ) may, in any regard, he considered 
 "as the Prototype of That of Iphigenia, at Aulis ? " 
 
 ^t Page 39, after Line 84 of Note [N], and^ after the words ^'printing 
 of the said work.^\ should have been inserted this additional Clause of my 
 ffill, relating to the aforesaid bequest: but^ I find that, in copyings It 
 has been omitted: 
 
 And, further, I have required that tlie Profits, accruing from, and, arising oat of, the 
 Circulation, and, Sale, of the said work, shall, and, may, be paid by the above-mentioned 
 President, to such person^ or, persons, aforesaid. 
 
 MARGINAL REFERENCES. 
 
 Page 56 
 
 «7 
 
 •9 
 
 lit coluiuD Hue 
 
 9i 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 For 
 fijelps, 
 SoudJ ? 
 silent 
 
 Rfad 
 
 fidele*, •• 
 Soand ? ) 
 •ilent ; 
 
 a5-a6-27 See page yS, note [H] and page See p. 70, note [FF], 
 44 *<^^ minister 
 
 la PLWre". Phedf«"? 
 
 ''fUtt^ .lex/c^nJ 
 
 ^■ct 
 
 'U^^ 
 
 / 
 
 Buf^ I shall not delay my career ia dwelling iT^on, any of these, or, 
 upon any further, Critical Remarks. ^ - 
 
 / 
 
 I hasten to examine a Question, in whi^ it may be suspected there 
 is Considerable Error. / 
 
 / 
 
 I must stop a little, 
 "Prolegomena". 
 
 nevertheless, to make some observations, as 
 
 (40) The Town 
 Reaadeuce of 
 tbe Lord Higb 
 Chaiu'rllor 
 Efcrtob. 
 
 "Aye, far remove^i" must I, ever, stand from any prejudice against 
 Racine. ' What i»rejudice can I have against this Great Poet? What 
 interest can I, possibly, have in crying Him up ; or, in decrying Him? 
 He never wj>s ranked in the number of Those, such as, Spenser, Milton, 
 Bacon [DD], and, so Many other Men of Talent, and, of Genius, whom 
 
 rOD' Bacon, ] I think, and speak, always, with so much admiration, with such respect, 
 of tte Valents, Ger^ius, and, Writh.gs, of Lord Bacon, that I beg leave to be indulged iu 
 «u7.j«ining the following note, which, already, I have written, and, printed, m the Life of 
 (he Lord High Cliancellor Egerton, One of my Ancestors. 
 
 The -particular friendship, and, singular kindness ", shewn by the Lord Chancellor Egerton 
 to Bacon, ou all occasions, were repeatedly acknowledged by his brother, Antony Bacon, with 
 many acts, and, expressions, of gratitude, as appears from several of his (Sg) Letters ^^fj^^l 
 
 But this "very particular friendship, and, singular kindness" is evidently manifested, not, li, pa.si«. 
 from the Letters of his Brother, alone ; but, also, from the acts, letters, and expressions, of 
 Bacon Himself, from the habits of his life in his younger days, from h.s intimate connexion, 
 and, entire familiantv, at York (40) House. from the anecdotes, evidences, documents, and, 
 authorities, which, " subsequently, will be printed in the sequel of this Compilation, and, 
 from the Whole history of the Life of Bacon. 
 
 The history of the Life of the first years of Bacon, furnishes, upon every occasion, abundant 
 proof of the Very High Opinion the Lord Chancellor Egerton entertained of the Talents, and 
 Genius, of that Extraordinary Man, of the uninterrupted regard, and, sincere esteem, m 
 
 12 
 
 N.-'. 
 
 \ ^ 
 
 \ 
 
I 
 
 
 — -^— ■ -^-fi" 
 
 »3^-y<r- -^- "^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 i- 
 
 '> 
 
 86 
 
 n.y family enjoys the bricht honour, of having, or, firs, hrourht into 
 nouce, or, encouraged, or, favoured, or, protected. I can, only, 
 constdcr h,n, as a Public, and, a National, O^.nmcn.: I can onl 
 regard htm as a jttstly-celel.rated Author : I can, only, pass him^ i^ 
 
 rnrvrnn a"A,w""'"'"''' '''" """^ '"''°>' ^^'"' ^^h"™ "W beneficent 
 CREAfOR, ALMIGVITY COD, the FATHER OF LIGHTS, in eon,- 
 
 passton towards Fallen Man, has been pleased to endow with ,l.e blessed 
 Gtft of Extraord.nary, a.d, Distinguished, Abilities. Valeat, quan- 
 mm valere posstt ! But, Truth .s the progeny of Time: Racine will 
 ever hve .„ Song; but, if his reputation, as a Greek scholar, is built 
 upon a false foundation, it cannot stand; it Must, ulti.nately, fall. 
 
 For years, I bdieved, that He had f.e„ , p,of„„,.,, „„, ,„ j,,^^,,,, 
 and, a Good Greek Scholar: I took forg.„„,ed that He was so, be<;;use 
 I heard tt, hardtly, and, peremptorily, ^sorted : Rut, as my .rowinr 
 mhrmtttes compel me to sit much at home, a«d, afford me the oppor- 
 tutnty of ma.,y leisure hours, These, which ..e but (4.) incidental, .0 r„ 
 have furnished me with the occasion of enquiring i,„o the proofs, .,pon--;-V" 
 .tl'l * ." ^-"7"- h- been hazarded, ap.l, Tt.ls As.sertion so posi-=£-' 
 l^ely .nade I have taken some paitts to ascertain thi. (^uoMton, and, 
 to verify this Fact: 
 
 And, inconsequence, I advance, and, maintain, that R,-,nne was (")--p»» 
 
 of My Branch 
 ■Jonr, ( that of 
 thr Dukrf, and, 
 Earli, of Brid- 
 
 .hich. ..„a,. He held H,.. of ,he ,peci.,, a„,,, p„„e„W. obl^.^.-o., Ue conferred ,.p.„ ^^;^^^ 
 
 Vl'e H. , • ':;'"":• -^-^^-'"'^^^^o.,,.a..c.,.r. .„,, .ri,.Tr.n,..l:jf -";? 
 value He set upon his Friendship. »<.ri«i. Ail 
 
 rn J J ^, *'" tour »«-vc- 
 
 JL . i"''rn'"'""' '" S^^^^'-'-^--' '^ -^ --6 the having, First, produced ^0'^^^^:::^./ 
 
 puMic notice that Sublime Genius. FgeHo«,\< 
 
 voellM, AUliM 
 
 ^ Let it never be ddineated as one of the least bright of such principal ray, of glory a, GOD ^^^^^^i 
 
 nh,s goodness, and infiuite ™ercy, overlooking our undeserveclness, ha, caused to bean, upon! siZ:^:^ 
 
 I'ght up, the illustrious House of Egerton, that, as He has given (4.) us, largely the ^"'m', "•'^"" 
 
 means, so, has He granted us, amply, ,he ^vill. of affording encouragement, favor andnro -s''* --'- 
 
 tect.on, to such men as He, the Great CREATOR, bas been pleased to gift with TaLt, and' '^' «"" '"^ 
 With beuius. » " ) William ih* 
 
 , C*»uquert»r. 
 
 «7 
 
 neither a Profound, nor, an Elegant, nor, a Good, Greek scholar. 
 
 What prejudice^ I repeat^ can I have, against Racine? He " lay in 
 
 ray way, and I found Him": I never went ^ut of my way to seek Him: 
 He " lay in my way", because he bad wri^en the Drama of "PhMre'', 
 the subject of which He has taken fro»i Euripides; and, because, if 
 one may collect so much from hii Preface, He pretends to have improved 
 upon, and, corrected, Euripides. 
 
 1, too, happened to have primed, in the year 1796, at the Clarendon 
 Press, Oxford, an Edition of the Hippolytus Stephanephoros of 
 Euripides. 
 
 I repeat the words 'Miad happened;" because, it "happened", "by 
 mere chance", that I chose a Drama of Euripides : It was indifferent 
 to me, what Greek Classic author, I might chuse. 
 
 " Quin, eo tandem adductus sum, (says an Extract from my Preface,) '' 
 "ut, ad Gricci Alicujus Scriptoris novam editionem publici juris fa-" 
 ^'cicnd.'jm me accingerem. Multo quidcm jucundius animo meo fuisset, " 
 "si pra3clara ilia quec tanta cum voluptate quondam pervolveram, " 
 "vel [EE] Platonis, vel Thucydidis, vel Demosthenis, scripta edcre" 
 «^l/cu!sset; sed, praeterquam quod multas, casque longe meliores'' 
 <'quam quas ego pra3stare possem, operum eorum editiones jam extare" 
 " nnveram, k tanio, me, et, tam difheili, proposito, studia varia, et, " 
 " diversa, et, quidem alia, quae me, hue et illuc, distrahebant ne-" 
 "gotia, prorsus deterruerunt. Cum igitur mihi Non satis otii esse" 
 " intclligcrcm, ut ad Longum aliquod opus incumberem, confugien-" 
 
 [EE] vel, Platonis, ] I do not find that I have mentioned Heliodorus, through th« 
 Whole of my Preface : 
 
 If any such there may be, who shall call upon me, to give in my excuses, for not having 
 named Heliodorus, They shall know, in advance, that every Such application will be in 
 ▼ain } They may rest assured, that I Will make None. (Seepages ill, and, iia.) 
 
 w^ 
 
 X ^ 
 
'. \ 
 
 ".•*»« •* «i^ •* 
 
 Ti 
 
 ..,«-»*» ••-..**,' ^> '^■- **'''" 
 
 -~^- 
 
 I ■) 
 
 88 
 
 "duni esse cxistiraavi ad seqaen.cm Euripidis fal.ula,n; non auod " 
 "Ilia pra caeters mihi arrisprit i- t>„.v • i ,. ^ 
 
 "Poer-Tmm .>„ ""'"'"••■'««■". ( ''".c on.m plures alias ajiorun, " 
 
 « fed auT: r"""""^rr ''''"' ''""^''''' -'"-P-en-las esse opu.or, ) " 
 ed, qu.a Brevor vulehatur qua.n ullun, aliu.l pnecFarum antiqu-" 
 
 "risT.rr"^^"'^' eo sal.e. .e.po.e [FF], oceasioL" 
 
 of 'El!;Tderr'' " ""^ '"" ^ ^^-'^'^ "'^ "^^^I'°'>'- S-P'-ephoros, 
 
 2 happened/ .00 that I printed ,hi. Edition, at tl.e Clarendon Press, 
 dxiord : tor, "it hanncncd " ilm ti i-> 1 ,■ ■, 
 
 jr. . ' nappcnecl, tliai The Delegates of the Press of (hat 
 
 Untverstty gave an extraordinary lieeneo, .„,,, i,„,j , ,,, „^, 
 
 ofhe,al Review of the tnanuseript. I laid ..,„,,. „o eonstraint : I wa 
 under >o Wsst.y of printing any .ork .ha.eve,: „>ost eer.ainly, I 
 ^ under No Necessity whatever of prin.ing the lU^.olytus Steph ^e- 
 phoros, of Eunpules. «It happened" that . d,d so,' L- Mere Choiee • 
 .a some respect, it was entirely a matter of Chance, tha! I did so; ' 
 
 And, the Sole Reason for mv doinf so was thn. =>!>„ 1 • , 
 
 «ftl>„,.„ i~ ^, ' "'•■{, so, was, tnar, about the period 
 
 of the year, ,796, a Charge was offered .0 me, of great audiority -nid 
 Of weighty responsabih.y, which, InfalhLly, Must have led to Others of 
 stdl greater ati.hori.y, and, s.ill more weighty responsalulitv; ^ud I 
 thought ,t my duty, ,0 show, tha, I ha.l turned my mind to such suuli^s 
 as became the High Station, .0 which I was called; and, that, in oUai - 
 «ing that important place, I was no., solely, indebted to inv l.irth, anJ 
 tamily interest, not, merely, " fruges consumere natus [GGJ ". 
 
 [FF] eo saUen. Un,porc,^ .c. Cum ego, E,„,„, Gr»co, ,u„sd.n, scrip,or«, ,ui i„t.r o„.,a>o. 
 Jure memo habentur, perleglasem adol.scen.. l" ' "J """ "I'li-no. 
 
 juxta ^slumo. ^ consumere nat.,-Quorum \.tam, Mortemque, 
 
 Silence be to them in the Grave ! 
 
 Each, Individuallv, in mv estimatlnn ^,„ i i • 
 
 1, • 1 , . ^ esiiinaiion, can lay claim to no other merit tl.,,, Ti » r 
 
 havmg added a single \Jn\t »,. tu - wmer merit, ttian Ibut of 
 
 o ««uuiu a single Unit to the s^varms of " homunculi " 
 
 
 \ 
 
 89 
 
 I reflected upon the various duties incumbent upon thv Charge, and 
 ihe Responsability, I should impose upon myself: ; l>ecara€, more, 
 and, more, diffident of my own sufficiency; in tbe>cl, I refused (43) 
 this place. 
 
 / 
 
 But, halinjj, thus, -happened' to .«rim the Hippolytus Stephane- 
 phoros, of Euripides, I made -Adde-^la, and, Cofrij^enda ", to this 
 Edition, from time, to time, as I h^d leisure, or, inchnation: 
 
 / 
 
 (43) Alre.Jy 
 haTe I declined 
 accepting, at 
 different pe- 
 riods, and, at 
 Tarioiis times, 
 as many thing* 
 as tnigbt satisfy 
 several per- 
 sons : and, 
 Now, aaost cer- 
 tainly, there i» 
 not a place, 
 wliicli anj 
 King, any 
 Government, 
 might offer t« 
 tne, that I 
 would accept. 
 
 Atlengdi, entered into my //an, as a fit subject for such -Addenda, 
 and, Corrifienda", a consideration of the -Phedre" of Racine, inx:on- 
 tradistinction to the flipi^lytus Stcphanephoros, of Euripides: 
 And, from diis mvcPtiGation, naturally resulted an inquiry, 
 Whether, Racine svas, or, was not, a good, and, critical, Greek 
 Scholar. 
 
 I admired the Fine Verses of the Poet; and, the Magical Power of 
 his Verd^cation: 
 
 Bu/ Perhaj^, I conceived that He betrayed many errors, in sound 
 criidiaon, as well as, in taste, and, in judgment: 
 
 Perhaps, I thought that Tie committed, more, and more, faults, 
 according as He departed from his Great Original, Euripides : 
 
 Perhaps, I was inclined to imagine, that He had taken the subject, of 
 his"Phedre", from a slight, cursory, superficial, desultory, acquain- 
 tance, widi the Hippolytus Stephanephoros, rather than from a long, 
 and, padent, reading, or, from a deep, indraate, correct, and, cri- 
 tical, knowletlge, of that Drama: 
 
 Perhaps, I was disposed to diink, that, any Dramatic writer might, 
 loosely, have adopted the General Plan, w.i.>o should read in the Original, 
 or, who might recur to a Transladon of, That Hypothesis of die Hip- 
 polytus Stephanc^phoros, written by a Scholiast, printed in the Aldine 
 Edition, to which "suppcditat Ediuo Scholiorum Arseniana"; or, 
 That Other Hypothesis, preserved in the Parallels of Plutarch; or, 
 That Other Hypotliesis, kept in the King's Library at Paris, extant in tlje 
 
 I 
 
 s 
 
 v- 
 
 \ 
 
mm 
 
 (li 
 
 J 
 
 9» 
 
 Florileg : of S^boeus, found incdited by Grorius, and, now, printed 
 «'iu margine cx^nplaris Bibl. Leyd. p. 4o5". ' I en 
 
 Perhaps, too, I .,.as inclined to suppose, that Racine di.l no. enter 
 into the True, and Real, spirit, of this Dratna; tl.a, He did no. 
 
 adequately, comprehend i^ Essential Nature; or, Rightly, Understand 
 Any One of the Character, -,f ,his Drama. 
 
 \ 
 
 But ,hts ,nves„gatton has be.„ n.a<»c without partiality, without 
 prejud.ce, wuhout mterest; n^erely. so.Jy, exclusively, as the oc- 
 cupation of some leisure hours, as " P.^Ju^io Academica », as a free 
 and, independant. Literary Inquiry, a„6, a, one of the "Addenda et 
 Corrtgenda , that, Fortuitously, and, Acodc.ally, I have made to 
 the Edition, which, by Mere Choice, and, by Charge, I "Happen" to 
 have printed, of the Hippolytus Stephanephoros, of Euripides. 
 
 In consequence, then, of this investigation, I advance, an^, i 
 tain, that Racine was, neither, a profound, nor, an elegant, 
 good, Greek Scholar ; . ' or, a 
 
 And, I proceed to adduce the Proofs of what I advance, and i 
 maintain, ' ' 
 
 The General Proofs, that He was not, are essentially inherent in the 
 Very Nature of the Subject Matter itself; and, exist in the numerous 
 errors he has committed in taste, judgment, learning, erudition, know- 
 ledge, right understanding, art, and conduct : 
 
 But, there are, moreover. Particular Proofs that He was not, which 1 
 shall, subsequently, detail more at length : 
 
 And, froiii all >vhich. General, and, Particular, Proofs, I conclude 
 
 91 
 that Racine was neither a profound, or, an elegant, or, a good, Greek 
 Scholar. 
 
 His Manuscript Notes, which, still, exist, and, still, are preserved, 
 upon some Greek authors, perhaps, do not prove that He v^as : possibly, 
 they prove the very contrary. 
 
 In the King's Library at Paris, amongst the printed books, are pre- 
 served an Iliad of Homer, a Sophocles, and, an Euripides, which 
 belonged to Racine; and, in which, with his Own Hand, He has 
 written several Notes. 
 
 These Notes seem to have been composed at various times, and, 
 at sundry periods,- but, they bear no marks whatever of having 
 been written, according as a man of erudition, of taste, and, of 
 judgment, when, retiring to his closet, might have had leisure, time, 
 or, inclination, to read all, or part, of a Greek drama, and might 
 have made, cursorily, and, in the act of reading, his notes, remarks, 
 and observations : 
 
 But, They convey every appearance of having been sedulously re^ 
 copied, from detached papers, subsequently to the various dates of their 
 having been made; 
 
 They seem, too, to have been written during the Maturer years of 
 Racine; verily, during his Maturer years : for, in all similar investi- 
 gations, where it is attempted to fix, and, verify, the date by the hand- 
 writing, somewhat more than an ill-founded conjecture may be formed- 
 because the hand-writing of All men exhibits very essential, distinct, 
 and, characteristic, marks of difference, at the different stages of life : 
 
 But, these Notes are All, uniformly, similarly, continuously, fair- 
 
 Nep- 
 
*i^ 
 
 A ^ 
 
 
 .'^ ' -H I" 
 
 ly, neatly, firmly, carefully, precisely, nicely, punctiliously, writ- 
 ten, and, re-copied. ' 
 
 Shall it be said that Racine valued himself upon these notes? Sliall 
 it be said that He was desirous of having them preserved after his 
 death? It, Never, can be said that They are calculated to shew that 
 He was a good Greek Scholar, or, to prove that He had arrived at 
 any great proficiency in the Greek language, or, in Greek litcrniurc. 
 
 I have given directions for transcribing AH his Manuscript Notes 
 upon the Hippolytus Stephanephoros of Eilripltle?, die very drama 
 which furnished Him the subject of his '^Phedre"j 1 here subjoin 
 (44) micta copv [44] of Them, in order that Others, also, may judge of his 
 value as a good Greek Scholar, by the, yet, still, existing proof of his 
 Manuscript Notes, written with his Own Hand. 
 
 IS exact. 
 
 m 
 
 <* ist Note. 
 
 "Lines 1 1, 
 *' Lines i5, 
 ^' Lines 24, 
 
 '* Lines 26, 
 
 <^Line 28. 
 
 *'Line 34- 
 " Line 34- 
 *' Lines 35, 
 
 " Venus fait Ic prologue. Elle declare sa colrrc " 
 "contre llippolyte qui la mepiise, et dit fprtlle le " 
 *^ va perdre. " 
 and 12. ^^ La scene est a Troezene. " 
 and 16. " Hippolyte ne scrt que Diane." 
 and 25. ^'Hippolyte avoit este cslcve chez le Sage" 
 " l*ittlic(^, pcre d'OKthra, mere de Thesee. " 
 27, and 28. " IMiadre Ta vcu a AihcnCvS, aux sacres'* 
 
 "mysteres. " 
 "Venus, pour excuser Phcdrc, dit qu'elle Ta fait de-" 
 
 " venir amoureuse." 
 " Thvsec fuit Athenes pour le meurtre des Pullantide=. '' 
 " II ameinc avec lui Phedre k Troezene. " 
 30, and 37. "Venus predit le dcnoiimcnt. " 
 
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