MASTER NEGA TIVE NO. 92-81082 MICROFILMED 1993 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES/NEW YORK as part of the "Foundations of Western Civilization Preservation Project" Funded by the NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia University Library COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The copyright law of the United States - Title 17, United States Code - concerns the mal I *■■ J I I p w^w^.»y»^w.«W^^^»^» ■') 942*068 088 Q [Crouch, Nathaniel] 1632?-1725? The history of the house of Orange ; or, A brief rela- tion of the glorious and magnanimous achievements of His Majesty's renowned predecessors, and likewise of his own heroic actions till the late wonderful revolution ; together with the history of William and Mary, king and queen of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, &c. be- ing an impartial account of the most remarkable pas- sages and transactions in these kingdoms, from Their (Continued on next card) Library of Congress o 4—29581 DJ150.C95 ^-- 4-29581 Revised 854Jn TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA FILM SIZE:__£5.£ir>__^- IMAGE PLACEMENT: lA m. IB REDUCTION RATlO:_J3X. IIB L J Vj INITIALS__^a.>siil-i: DATE FILMED:__ HLMEDBY: RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS. INC WOODBRIDGE, CT \. . c Association for information and Image Management 1100 Wayne Avenue. Suite 1100 Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 301/587-8202 Centimeter 12 3 4 iiiiliiiilniiliniliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiil 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 TTT ll|ll|l|ll|illljllll|illl|llll|lljl|llllM^ 1 2 3 A ^ mm Inches 1.0 ■it m moo I.I ^ |40 U ■- u. iitt 2.0 18 1.25 1.4 1.6 MflNUFRCTURED TO flllM STANDARDS BY APPLIED IMAGE, INC. ■fnf i i I ■ r imp % .m^^ -,4 ■->■ ...', •1 . 'r' ;;,:4k»«'AK^ ■■..!:; ' > .r L / Columbia fflnibersiitp inti)cCitpot^cttjgork LIBRARY I ' 1. THE mSTOMY OF THE HOUSE OF ouange; OR, A brief Relation of the Glorious and Magnanimous OP TffS MAJESTY'S RENOWNED PREDECFSSOKS, AND LIKEWISE OF His own Heroic Actions till the late wonderful Revolution i Togetber with THE HISTORY OF WILLIAM AXD ?tARV, King and Queen of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, S^c. BEING AN IMPARTIAL ACCOUNT OF THE MOST REMARKABLE PASSAGES AND TRANSACTIONS IN THESE KINGDOMS, From their Majesty's happy Accession to the Throne to this time. BY illCilARD IR;RT(>\. A NEW EDITION. P V r N T 1. •» OK MACHELL STAGE, No 12, LITTLE QUEEN STREET, B^ JV. Smith and Co. King Street, Seven Dials. 1814. F I Wr^ ■^» •w^^^/ I '1 TO THE READER. I .-4 X AM very sensible that the greatness of the subject is a sufficient reason to deter me from adventuring to publish my mean endeavours^ in relating the glorious and magnanimous achievements of his Majesty* s renowned ancestor s, as nell as his own; or of the excellent conduct of their Majesties since their happy accession to the throne. But because ne have such a furious generation of murmurers, who, if they had their desiresy would ruin both themselves and their coun- try, and reduce its to French Popery and slavery : it may seem to be the interest of every man, to strive to undeceive those whom these miscreants would delude, since both our eternal and temporal happiness very much depends upon the supporting the present government against all its foreign and domestic enemies. A government founded upon law and justice ; — a government calcidated for the support of the Protestant interest throughout the world; wherein we have a King and Queen of the same excellent religion with our- selves, a happiness which we Imve been deprived of for almost an age past ; Princes of such exemplary virtue and piety. 15800 )V TO THE READER. that they discourage vice and profanenesSy and constantly endeavour to support goodness and modestj/y which seemed lately designed to he hissed out of the nation. God grant that mir ingratitude and impenitence may never deprive us of »uch inestimable blessings^ and that 7ve do not fall a sacrifice to our stupendous folly and discontents. THE HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF ORANGE. A HE family of Nassau, from whom our Gracious Sovereign is descended, is not undeservedly accounted one of the most ancient and honourable in Europe ; not only for its great alliances and branches, but also by the advancement of one of this house to the empire of Germany, Adolphus Nassau by name, about the year 1200, and that there has been a succession of the family in a direct line for above a thousand years past ; and among them Otho, Count of Nassau, who lived about six hundred years since, and had two wives, with the first of whom he had the province of Gueldres, and with the other that of Zutphen. About three hundiud years after, a second Count Otho of Nassau, married the Countess of Vranden, whereby he became possessed of several other territories in the Netherlands. In the year 1404, Engilbert, who was his grand- child, married the heiress of the town of Breda and Locke, and was grandfather to Engilbert, second Earl of Nassau, who, in 1491, was, by Maximilian, King of the Romans, going into Hungary, made Governor, Lieutenant and Captain- General of Flanders; and afterwards, in 1501, Archduke Philip going into Spain, constituted him Governor- General of the Netherlands ; an experienced Prince both in war and peace, but dying childless, left his brother John hia large territories. This John had two sons : upon Henry, the eldest, he bestowed all his possessions in the Low Countries, and to his youngest son William he bequeathed all his inheritance in Ger- M '* « THE HISTORY OF THE many. By the earnest endeavours of Henrj' Nassau, Charles V. was advanced to the empire, against the pretensions of Francis I. the French King, and at his coronation placed the crown on his head ; and vet when, upon concluding peace between these two monarchs, flenry was sent by the Emperor to do homage to King Francis for the county of Flanders and Artois ; that Prince, for- getting former differences, and being fully sensible of his extraordi- nary merits, married him to Claudia, only sister to Philibert Chalon Prince of Orange, by which marriage his only son Revens, of Orange and Chalons, became Prince of Orange. William Earl of Nassau, brother to Prince Henry, professed the Protestant religion, and expelled popery out of his territories, and was father to the great William of Nassau, who attained to be Prince of Orange, and Lord of all the possessions of the House of Chalons, by the last will of Revens de Nassau, who died childless. The Emperor Charles V. having a favour for the House of Orange, and received great services from them, was concerned that the young Prince William should be educated in the reformed religion, and therefore took him with much regret from his father, and endeavoured to instruct him in the Romish faith, but afterward the former opinions, which he had sucked in with his mother's milk, prevailed upon him, so that he became an earnest professor of Pro- testantism. William Count of Nassau, his father, had five sons and seven daughters, by Juliana Countess of Stolberg. William, the eldest, was born in 1533, at the castle of Dillem- berg, in the county of Nassau, and being taken from his father by the Emperor Charles, as we said, he became a great favourite by his extraordinary wisdom and modesty, so that the Emperor con- fessed this young Prince often furnished him with notions and hints he should else never have thought of, and upon giving of private audiences to ambassadors, when the Prince would mscreetly offer to withdraw, the Emperor mildly reminded hiai, sayin*, " Stay, Prince," and it was admired by the whole court, thai a f rince, not above twenty years old, should be intrusted with all the secrets of the empire, and carry the imperial crown, upon his resignation, to his brother Ferdinand, though the Prince, with some reluctancy, seemed to refuse the employment, by alleging, that it was no ways proper for him to carry to another that crown, which his uncle Henry of Nassau had set upon his head. Yea, the Emperor had so much confidence in his conduct, that in the absence of the Duke of \i t HOUSE OF ORANGE. 3 Savoy, his General of the Ia)w Countries, though the Prince was not above twenty-two years old, yet, contrary to the advice of all his council, rejecting all other experienced generals, he constituted him generalissimo, who managed that great employ with such dis- cretion and courage, that he caused Philipville and Chariemont to be built in the sight of the French army, which was then com- manded by Admiral Castillon, that great captain. These magnanimous actions caused the Emperor to recommend the Prince of Orange to Philip II. his son ; but his virtue and cou- rage were so emulated by the Spaniards, that all his most innocent words and actions were misinterpreted, and the opposition that the provinces made to the King's will and pleasure in defence of their privileges were attributed to his contrivance, which King Philip made him sensible of when he was embarking from Flushing for Spain, charging him with preventing all his private intrigues, with a furious countenance ; and when the Prince mildly replied, that all had been done by the states themselves, the King, shaking him by the wrist, replied, " No, not the states, but you, you, you, are the occasion of it ;" which severe reproach in public so disgusted the Prince, tliat he suddenly left the King without further ceremony, only wishing him a good voyage, and so left him in the middle of Flushing, which he knew had much respect for him ; and that which increased the Prince's indignation against the Spanish government was, that he saw himself deprived of the government of the Ne- therlands, which his predecessors always enjoyed, and Cardinal Granville, his implacable adversary, put in his place, which pro- ceedings of King Philip disobliged both the nobility and people, who hated the pride of Philip as much as they admired the affability of his father Charles, which was much increased when the states (who much dreaded the Spanish insolency,) in a full assembly at Gaunt, desiring the King to withdraw his foreign troops out of*^the provinces, and intrust the natives with the fortified places, and not advance foreign ministers to the government. The King was so far incensed thereat, that he ordered his sister Margaret of Austria to set up the Spanish inquisition, and to make divers new bishops. And these were the principal causes of the defection and terrible disorders that followed : for the people abhorring the name of the inquisition and the new bishops as members of it, and the nobility being highly incensed at the imperious temper of Granville, after having long suffered under his arrogance, at length the Prince of Orange, Count Horn, and Count Egmont sent King Philip word, B 2 ■SPWfB^W mwi' ii nHWWr mm mmmmmm mmm f 4 THE HISTORY OF THE « That unlesshe recalled the ^'din-^ °"|f *KM° wo'iJd «!- violent co«n«=ls, which were so ■»»<=h 'Jihorred b^ Jl wmdd cer i''^^rrerhuTio?hrJ-Thr„%e,\'s^^^^ gret, was ao»*= ' ri..i.^ nf Alva with an army of Spaniards and SJ ^hLT^e^P^^^^^ibJ^ revenge for the »ff""V'° ^^rr™'™^^^^^^^ Xtht*a°nd BtZt fwh" t hlX^^^^^^^ but desired hin, }i ^mive hi8 Se/Count Lodowick from hi8 person, as being l^t^pl^badco-ne^^^^^^^^^^ ?^*"1C* .?Ttet*suchTiS would oblige hi™ to extirpate last alteged, T»f'^'^^* i''Ki,„ ,„ „„t his own wife to death, who trl^ro't^ftanltndZrif he sJ-ldtake another oath, .t n..ght •"^W'o'vej'e^s'tl^gtr^^alous for setUing the inquisition ,„d the new bishops, about four hundred gentlemen, with Prince llfofTas'^ aVthe head of them «"- -era^^/^her no^^ e^^^ ?S'l«eTr^;'-; - . "k.„rnedtr"^^^ plain apparel by 'C^t &1 a fa^ljje o/^ - Dueh.s w^.^th^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Jie'^t'oar; ReC ' intfm^i'Jng that they were better subjecU therarryingoi , ' j his adherents; and the Pr nee of to the K^'»S,™';"*J*r lords ocrceiving their petition slighted. Orange, with the "'J^J. '"™'' fVf "hem were for Uking arms to consulted their own safety mo^^^^^^^ oppose he »»^^55[ ♦''liXT^^^ the design was to ruin intercepted 'f"*"^' '7y„P'. ' t-„mont eovemor of Flanders and l"rtl"*o7poseTi;,'a"ndSg Sit ff H, own good servi.., ^d'^v^dS ^o reiy upon th| Ki^'-J-^cy ?"d^^^^^^^^ ^^^ HOUSE OF ORANGE. 5 instantly went with his family to his town of Breda, only he left his eldest son Philip to study in Lovain ; and after that, to Dillemberg, the ancient seat of the Nassau s. Soon after, the Duke of Alva with an army of old Spanish and Italian soldiers came into the Netherlands, and Count Egmont waiting upon him, he said aloud, Behold the great Lutheran ; yet the Count took no notice of it, but presented him with two fine horses. The Duke being arrived at Brussels, produced his com- mission, whereby he was made absolute governor in all causes what- soever : he then dismissed the assembly of the states, and constituted a court of twelve men, who were to inspect into the troubles. They soon imprisoned a great number of people of all degrees and quali- ties, and eighteen lords and gentlemen were put to death at Brussels, and the Counts Egmont and Horn imprisoned, and soon after be- headed in the market-place of that city ; the first being much pitied by the people for his fond credulity, who rejoiced at the safety of the Prince of Orange : and Cardinal Granville who was then at Home, hearing of these proceedings, asked the messenger whether the Duke had taken Silence, which was a name given to the Prince for secrecy and few words ; who replying no : " Nay," says Granville, « if that fish has escaped the net, the Duke of Alva's draught is nothing worth." The cruel and barbarous proceedings of this new governor caused a great many to leave the country, who were summoned to appear before the bloody council of twelve, at a certain day, and upon their refusal, all their estates were confiscated ; among others, the Prince of Orange, Count Culenburgh, and other lords were cited ; the Prince refused, alleging, " That being of the order of the golden fleece, he could not be judged by any but the Kin^^ and the com- panions of that order." He likewise appealed to the Emperor Maxi- milian, brother to King Philip, and other German Princes, implor- ing their aid, who approved of his reasons, and declared their dislike of the proceedings of the Duke of Alva : the time for the Prince's appearing being expired, his principalities were all declared to be forfeited, a Spanish garrison was put into Breda, and his eldest son Philip William was sent to Spain to be educated in the Roman re- ligion, and also for an hostage for his father. And thus King Philip by these cursed counsels, and the rigorous usage of his subjects, was himself the occasion of the loss of the united Netherlands; who, finding all their privileges violated, and their utter extirpation determined, they resolved to throw off this THE HISTORY OF THE arable yoke, and afterwards, in some of their ensigns had this >, " VVe wiJl either recover our liberties, or perish in the at- intolerable motto, tempt." And the Prince of Orange observing himself so roughly and unjustly used, being reproached as a public enemy, and exposed to the malice of his implacable adversaries, having his innocent son, and his great estate ravished from him, he thought it high time to defend his honour and his life, by force of arms : and to engage for religion and liberty in the common quarrel of his country. And thereupon he raised an army in Germany, which he sent unto Frieze- land, under his brothers Lewis and Adolphus, of Nassau ; and being met by Count Arembergh, with a considerable force, a battle fol- lowed, wherein the Nassovians gained a considerable victory, the Spanish army being totally routed, and Arembergh himself with the principle commanders slain, and all their cannon, baggage, and a freat sum of money sent to pay the soldiers, taken. This defeat appened in 1568. But Count Lewis enjoyed this victory very little, for the Duke of Alva pursuing him, fell upon him just at the time when the Germans were all in a mutiny for their pay, who rather chose to be miserably slain, than to defend themselves ; so that six thousand were killed or drowned, Adolphus hardly making his escape. The Prince nothing discouraged at this misfortune, raised another army of twenty-eight thousand French and Germans, and published a declaration, wherein he cleared his innocence of those crimes objected against him, charging the Duke and the council of blood with the causes of the war, and then passing the Rhine by tying his horses together to break the force of the river, the foot arrived silently in the night to the other shore, which so surprized that Duke of Alva, that he would not believe it at first, saying, "Sure ye do not think them an army of birds." Arriving thus into Brabant, he offered Alva battle, which the other declined ; so that alter twenty- nine several attempts to engage him to a combat, and the city's not revolting to the Prince as he expected, and the Germans being again ready to mutiny for want of pay, it was thought adviseable to dis- miss his armv, paying part of their arrears by the sale of his plate, artillery, and baggage, and engaging his principality of Orange to his chief officers for the remainder ; yet, before their disbandmg, he routed eighteen companies of the enemy's foot, and three ! undred horse of the Spaniards, near Cambray ; most of the commanders being taken prisoners, and the Duke of Alva's son slain. After this, with only one thousand two hundred horse, the Prince and his two brothers went into France to the assistance of the Pro- HOUSE OF ORANGE. 7 testants against the Duke of Guise and his partizans, where he was very successful in several encounters, and at length, by the advice of the great Admiral Cologni, he gave out commissions to several persons of quality, fugitives of the low countries, to infest the Spaniards by sea, by which means he soon became master of all Holland and Zealand. The Germans bein^ driven out of the Nether- lands, the Duke of Alva, as if he had conspired to lose these countries, instantly levied new taxes, even the tenths of all goods and estates, which so enraged the people that were already near ruined by the war, that upon the privateers (who were sent abroad by the Prince's commission) taking the town of Brill, a port in Zealand, eight cities in Holland, and all the cities in Zealand, except Middleburgh, de- clared for the Prince of Orange ; and Flushing, a considerable city, being animated by the priest at mass, on Easter-day in the morning, turned out the Spanish garrisons in such fury, that they hanged Alvarez, kinsman to the Duke of Alva. And William, Count of Bergen, at the same time took several other towns in Friezeland, and, which most astonished Alva, Lewis of Nassau, by the assist- ance of the French, took Mons, the chief city of Heynault. Meanwhile, the Prince of Orange, with an army of eleven thou- sand foot, and six thousand horse, marched to Lovain, which pre- sented him with sixteen thousand crowns, and was received into Mechlin, and from thence came within sight of Alva's army, which was strongly fortified, yet the Prince resolved to force his »ntrench- ments, or oblige him to a battle, which, whilst he was consulting, he received advice of the horrid massacre at Paris, whereby he lost the Admiral Chastillion, and many other of his dearest friends, together with all hopes of any more relief from France ; so that not being able to oblige the Duke to a battle, and doubting the French commanders, who were his chief strength, should desert him upon news of the bloody massacre, he wrote to his brother Lewis to make terms for delivering up Mons, then besieged by Alva ; and then with slow marches retreated to the Rhine, yet with some loss and danger; for a detachment of Spanish horse and foot breaking into his camp in the night, killed and burnt all before them as far i\s his own tent, where he was fast asleep ; but a little doo^ which used to lie on his bed, never left barking and scratching his face till he had waked him, so that leaping out of his bed, and perceiving the peril he was in, he hastened to his men, who were now coming to his rescue, and fell upon the Spaniards so furiously, that most of the party, which were about a thousand horse and foot, were cut off in their retreat. 8 THE HISTORY OF THE 1 • It It After which, the Prince dismissed his army and came into Holland; these states, with those of Zealand, having already acknowledged him for their governor, and taken an oath to stand by him with their lives and fortunes. But though the Prince had the full power of the government in his own hands, yet he acted all matters in the name of the states, and by his extreme diligence, in four month's time he had provided a fleet of one hundred and titty sail, well rigo^ed and manned, in the port of Flushing ; who, for ten years after, did unspeakable damage to the Spaniards, and were never but once worsted by them. He likewise banished all Romish superstitions out of the churcbe«>, that difference in religion might render them more irreconcileable to their old adversary. But the Duke of Alva having retaken Mons, sent his son to re- duce some other cities in Holland, and Guelderland, and because the town of Haarlem had formerly received the Prince of Orange, after the Duke had reduced it by famine, whereof near thirteen thou- sand died, he made a dreadful example of this place, the Spaniards first hanging the governor, and for several days together hanging and drowning the ministers, magistrates, and people of the city, to the number of near two thousand, which butcneries made the Hol- landers to be still more resolved and obstinate against them; so that the other towns made a more vigorous defence, for fear of falling into the hands of such cruel blood hounds. Soon after, the Duke of Alva was recalled out of the Netherlands, and Lewis Requesones, of a milder temper, was sent to succeed him. King Philip now finding that rigor and barbarity did but enrage the Netherlands, and made them more averse to his government : this new governor had the fortune, at his arrival, to be an eye-witness of the defeat of his master's fleet, by that of the Prince of Orange ; but yet was more fortunate by land; for Prince Lewis, of Nassau, havuig brought a fourth army out of Germany of seven thousand foot and four thou- sand horse, was defeated by the Spaniards near Niinmeguen : the Germans, according to their usual custom, calling for their pay just as the battle began, and thereby were the ruin of themselves, as well as of their general's honour; the Prince Lewis, with his brother Prince Henry, and the Count Palatine being all three killed in this fight. Upon which victory, the Spaniards besieged Ley den, and reduced it to very great extremity, so that they were ready to capitulate : but the Prince having an account of their condition, by letters tied to pigeons and sent into the town, resolved to make the utmost HOUSE OF ORANGE. • effort possible to relieve it ; and having provided two hundred flat- bottom boats, of fourteen or sixteen oars, and two guns a-piece, which he filled with seamen and provisions, when all things were prepared, the Hollanders broke down the dam that kept out the sea, which thereupon entered with such fury into the country, that it was overwhelmed with water, and the camp of the Spaniards was over- flowed, so that the city received supplies forty miles off by water"; and the Spaniards having sunk their cannon after four month's fruit- less labour, were forced to raise the siege, being pursued by the Dutch in their boats, with long grappling irons, wherewith they drowned and destroyed a great number of their enemies. This de- liverance from a barbarous and inhuman enemy, endeared the Prince of Orange to those of Leyden, who, to recompense their losses by the inundation, erected an university there, which he endowed with ample revenues and privileges. But to recompense this loss, Requesones reduced Zurich-zee ; but the Spaniards and Germans falling at variance about their pay, and Requesones dying at the same time, the unruly soldiers fell upon Maestricht and Antwerp, both which towns they plundered and ran- sacked of an immense treasure, rated at above twenty millions. The robberies of those foreign mutineers, caused such an abhorrence and detestation of the government in the people, that those which had hitherto been obedient to the Spanish government, now declared the Spaniards enemies to their King and country, and called in the Prince of Orange to their assistance ; all the provinces, except Lux- emburg, entering into an association, and solemnly swearing to assist each other in delivering their country from Spanish slavery. This happened in 1576, when King Philip, to remedy these disorders, sent Don John, of Austria, to be governor of the Netherlands, who, by his mild and affable behaviour, wheedled the provinces for a time to desist from their gallant resolution ; and though the Prince of Orange, who saw the lK>ttom of the Spaniards' designs, continually forewarned them not to be deluded with guilded promises ; yet, Don John having solemnly agreed that the States General should assem- ble, and that the Spaniards and Germans should depart out of the Netherlands, several of the provinces again submitted to King Philip ; the Prince of Orange, with the states of Holland and Zealand, pro- testing against their proceedings, especially as to the articles about religion ; but Don John was no sooner settled in his government, being received with much magnificence at Brussels, but he quickly made good the Prince's premonitions, for he seized upon Namurand .W^'' 8 THE HISTORY OP^ THE After which, the Prince dismissed his army and came into Holland; these states, with those of Zealand, having already acknowledged him for their governor, and taken an oath to stand by him with their lives and fortunes. But though the Prince had the full pov/er of the government in his own hands, yet he acted all matters in the name of the states, and by his extreme diligence, in four month's time he had provided a fleet of one hundred and fitly sail, well rigo^ed and manned, in the iperstitions diiTerence in religion might render them more irreconcileable to their old adversarv. But the Duke of Alva having retaken Mons, sent his son to re- duce some other cities in Holland, and Guelderland, and because the town of Haarlem had formerly received the Prince of Orange, after the Duke had reduced it by famine, whereof near thirteen thou- sand died, he made a dreadful example of this place, the Spaniards first hanging the governor, and for several days together hanging and drowning the ministers, magistrates, and people of the city, to the number of near two thousand, which butcheries made the Hol- landers to be still more resolved and obstinate against them ; so that the other towns made a more vigorous defence, for fear of falling into the hands of such cruel blood hounds. Soon after, the Duke of Alva was recalled out of the Netherlands, and Lewis Requesones, of a milder temper, was sent to succeed him. King Philip now finding that rigor and barbarity did but enrage the Netherlands, and made them more averse to his government : this new governor had the fortune, at his arrival, to be an eye-witness of the defeat of his master's fleet, by that of the Prince of Orange ; but yet was more fortunate by land; for Prince Lewis, of Nassau, having brought a fourth army out of Germany of seven thousand foot and four thou- sand horse, was defeated by the Spaniards near Nimmeguen : the Germans, according to their usual custom, calling for their pay just as the battle began, and thereby were the ruin of themselves, as well as of their general's honour ; the Prince Lewis, with his brother Prince Henry, and the Count Palatine being all three killed in this fight. Upon which victory, the Spaniards besieged Leyden, and reduced it to very great extremity, so that they were ready to capitulate : but the Prince having an account of their condition, by letters tied to pigeons and sent into the town, resolved to make the utmost HOUSE OF ORANGE. t effort possible to relieve it ; and having provided two hundred flat- bottom boats, of fourteen or sixteen oara, and two guns a-piece, which he filled with seamen and provisions, when all things were prepared, the Hollanders broke down the dam that kept out the sea, which thereupon entered with such fury into the country, that it was overwhelmed with water, and the camp of the Spaniards was over- flowed, so that the city received supplies forty miles off by water"; and the Spaniards having sunk their cannon after four month's fruit- less labour, were forced to raise the siege, being pursued by the Dutch in their boats, with long grappling irons, wherewith they drowned and destroyed a great number of their enemies. This de- liverance from a barbarous and inhuman enemy, endeared the Prince of Orange to those of Leyden, who, to recompense their losses by the inundation, erected an university there, which he endowed with ample revenues and privileges. But to recompense this loss, Requesones reduced Zurich-zee ; but the Spaniards and Germans falling at variance about their pay, and Requesones dying at the same time, the unruly soldiers fell upon Maestricht and Antwerp, both which towns they plundered and ran- sacked of an immense treasure, rated at above twenty millions. The robberies of those foreign mutineers, caused such an abhorrence and detestation of the government in the people, that those which had hitherto been obedient to the Spanish government, now declared the Spaniards enemies to their King and country, and called in the Prince of Orange to their assistance ; all the provinces, except Lux- embui^, entering into an association, and solemnly swearing to assist each other in delivering their country from Spanish slavery. This happened in 1576, when King Philip, to remedy these disorders, sent Hon John, of Austria, to be governor of the Netherlands, who, by his mild and affable behaviour, wheedled the provinces for a time to desist from their gallant resolution ; and though the Prince of Orange, who saw the Iwttom of the Spaniards' designs, continually forewarned them not to be deluded with guilded promises ; yet, Don John having solemnly agreed that the States General should assem- ble, and that the Spaniards and Germans should depart out of the Netherlands, several of the provinces again submitted to King Philip; the Prince of Orange, with the states of Holland and Zealand, pro- testing against their proceedings, especially as to the articles about religion ; but Don John was no sooner settled in his government, being received with much magnificence at Brussels, but he quickly made good the Prince's premonitions, for he seized upon Namur and 10 THE HISTORY OF THE Charlemont, and sent for the foreign troops. Whereupon, the states finding themselves deluded, they resolved to oppose him by arms, and having demolished the castle of Antwerp, tney joined with the Prince of Orange, and sent to desire his presence at Brussels, where he was received with all kinds of joy, and the acclamations of the people, and declared governor of Brabant, and superintendant of the revenues of the provinces. The States General having declared Don John of Austria the public enemy of their country, he thereupon recalled the Italians, and other foreigners, who were banished by the perpetual edict, as it was called, and with them defeated the army of the states at Gem- blours, though this loss was recompensed by the surrender of the famous city of Amsterdam, eight days after, which was then united to the body of Holland. In the year 1379, the Prince of Orange laid the foundation of the republic m the low countries, by the strict union he made between the provinces of Gueldres, Zurphen, Holland, Zealand, Friezeland, and the Ommelands, consisting of twenty-five articles, the chief whereof was, "That these provinces should mutually assist each other against the common enemy, and not treat of war or peace without general consent :" this was called the treaty of Utrecht, because signed in that city; and to shew that union was absolutely necessary for their preservation, the states took this for their motto, "Concordia parvae res crescunt;" By concord little things grow great. But the Prince finding the power of these few provinces not sufficient to defend themselves against the other provinces that had reconciled themselves to Spain, nor against that potent crown, he thought it adviseable to choose some neighbour Prince to be their protector, and judged lone more proper than the Duke of Anjou and Alenson, the only brother of Henry HI. King of France, and commissioners being sent to him, it was soon agreed, that these six provinces of Holland, Zealand, Brabant, Flanders, Utrecht, and Friezeland, should acknowledge him for their sovereign, upon con- dition, " That he should maintain them in their present privileges and religion; that he should assemble the States General once a year, or oftener, if they thought fit ; that he should not dispose of any offices or preferments without the consent of the state. Lastly, That if he should endeavour to infringe or violate this treaty, he should immediately forfeit his sovereignty, and they be fully absolved from any allegiance to him, and be at liberty to choose another sove- reign." HOUSE OF ORANGE. a This agreement being made. Archduke Matthias, brother to Ro- dolphus. Emperor of Germany, who had been sent for some time before by some factious Lords, (who envied the virtue and glory of the Prince of Orange) finding that the states sought for a more powerful protector, took his leave and retired into Germany, though not without large acknowledgments and presents from the States General. The Prince of Orange hastened the march of the Duke of Alenson, whose presence he knew was very considerable, especially, since in this year 1580, the King of Spain had published a most bloody prosecution against him, " Reproaching him with the favours bestowed on him by his father, Charles V. and declaring him to be a rebel, heretic, hypocrite, like to Cain and Judas, of an obdurate conscience, a villain, the head of the Netherland troubles, a plague to Christendom, and an enemy to all mankind ;" declaring farther, " That he did prosecute and banish him out of his countries and estates, forbidding any of his subjects to converse with, or relieve him, giving all his estate to those that would take it, promising, upon the word of a King, and as the Minister of Almighty God, That if any would deliver him alive or dead, or else take away his life, he would give to him, or his heirs, five thousand crowns of gold, and the free pardon of all the crimes that he had before been guilty of ; and if they were not noble, to make them so, and to reward all that shall assist them therein ; and likewise that all his adherents should be banished, and their lives and estates given for a prey to any that would take them." The Prince of Orange made a very smart apology in answer here- unto, wherein he fully vindicates himself from all the crimes objected against him, proving at large, "That all the miseries of the Nether- lands ought to be imputed to the council of Spain, who endeavoured to reduce those countries to absolute slavery, both as to religion and civil liberties, and actinsr more like mad-men than politicians, and like that foolish King Uchoboam, following the silly advice of a weak woman, and Cardinal Granval the Pope's creature, telling the King, that his father had chastized the people with whips, but the son ought to whip them with scorpions, and therefore they endea- voured to bring in the inquisition, and the new bishops which were the occasion of all these commotions. And as to his taking arms against his sovereign, he sheweth, that Henry Bastard, of Castile, the King's great grandfather, had with his own hands slain the King Don Pedro the cruel, his lawful brother, and possessed his kingdom, whose successor King Philip was, and enjoyed it to this day. And c2 19 THE HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF ORANGE. IS that there was a reciprocal bond between a Prince and a subject, and if the Prince infringes his oath, the subject is freed from his allegiance ; that the King of Spain was admitted to be Duke of Bra- bant, upon certain conditions, which he had sworn to maintain, and yet had notoriously violated ; and if the nobility did not endeavour by arms (since no other means was to be found) to preserve and defend their liberties, they ought to be accounted guilty of perjury, treachery, and rebellion to the states of the country. And whereas, the King had offered money to take away his life, he did not doubt of God^ protection, yet certainly he could never be accounted a gentleman by persons of honour, who would be so wicked and in- ramous to muroer a man for money, except they were such Spaniards, who being descended from the Moors and Jews, might retain that quality from their ancestors, who offered money to Judas to betray our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ into their hands, that they might crucify him." The Prince concluded his apology by telling the States General, ** That since their peace and quiet seemed to depend upon his death, he was willing to lay down his life to free them from the calamities under which they suffered, having already for their sakes lost his estate, his brethren : yea, and his own son, and that his head, over which no Prince or potentate on earth had any power, was yet at their command, and that he would be a willing sacrifice to procure their tranquillity ; but if they tliought fit still to use his service, he would employ his life, council, and all he had in the world, for the defence and preservation of the Netherlands." In answer to this the states declare, that they are fully satisfied that the crimes and slanders charged upon the Prince, are altogether false and malicious, and that all the honours that had been conferred on him, were so far from being sought for or desired by him, that he only accepted them at their earnest reauest and entreaty, with the full consent, and by the free election ot the country, and therefore they humbly entreated him still to continue his administration, and likewise to accept of a guard for his person against any villainous attempts upon his life. The States General of the united provinces perceiving, that, not- withstanding the intercession both of^the Emperor, the French King, the Queen of England, and other Princes and states of Christendom to King Philip, on their behalf, yet, he still continued obstinately resolved to yield to nothing but what might reduce their country ab- solutely to popery and slavery ; thereupon, in 1581, they published un edict of renunciation against him, wherein they declare, *' That it being acknowledged by all mankind that a Prince is ordained of God to preserve his subjects from all injuries and violence, even as a shepherd defends his sheep, and that the people were never created to be bondmen and slaves to his will and pleasure, whether his commands are right or wrong, but that he is advanced to that dig- nity to govern them by equity and reason, and to cherish them as a father doth his children, even with the peril of his life. If a King, therefore, fail herein, and instead of protecting his subjects shall strive to destroy them and deprive them of their ancient laws and privileges, and endeavour to make them bond slaves, his subjects are thereupon discharged from all subjection to such a Sovereign, and are to reckon and esteem him a tyrant, and that he is abso- lutely fallen from his former dignity and sovereignty ; and the estates of the country may lawfully and freely abandon him, and elect another Prince to protect and defend them in his place : esoecially when his subjects, 'neither by prayers nor petitions, can mollify his heart, nor divert him from his tyrannical and arbitrary courses, since they have then no other way to preserve their ancient liber- ties, lives, wives, children and estates; which, according to the laws of God and nature, they are bound to defend, and which hath been practised in divers countries, especially in those where the King was obliged, by oath, to govern accordin"^ to law, and w;a8 admitted to the sovereignty upon certain conditions and special r*orit^i*3.ct.s " Now it being apparent to all the world that Philip King of Spain, giving ear to certain wicked counsellors, hath, in every par- ticular, broken all the oaths and obligations which he had entered into for the defence of those provinces, and hath determined to en- slave, ruin, and destroy them, and all their interest therein, &c. We, the States General, being pressed by extreme necessities, do, by a general resolution and consent, declare the King of Spain to be faflei from the government, dominion and jurisdiction of these countries, and we are resolved never hereafler to acknowledge him for our Prince and Sovereign Lord, but do hereby declare ourselves and all the inhabitants of these provinces, to be for ever discharged from all manner of oaths and allegiance to the said King, &c. In witness whereof, we have caused our seals to be hereunto annexed, July SO, 1581." The Duke of Anjou having been in England to make a visit to Queen Elizabeth, returned again to Antwerp, af^er three months I 'li hi 14 THE HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF ORANGE. 16 splendid entertainment in the English court; the Queen, at hi» de- parture, earnestly recommending to him to govern the people with mildness and to endeavour to gain their affections, which would be the most durable foundation that he could lay for the security of his government. The Duke was received at Antwerp with all kind of magnificence, being made Duke of Brabant with much solemnity, and having taken an oath to protect and defend them in all their rights : afterward the nobility and gentry swore allegiance to him as their Prince and governor. Soon afler a plot was laid to kill the Prince of Orange, which was thus managed ; Caspar de Anastro, a Spanish merchant living in Antwerp, finding his affairs in a very low condition, by reason of the many debts he liad contracted and was not able to pay, he bethought himself of the great regard promised by the King of Spain to the murderers of the Prince of ()range ; and being greedy of this prey, which he tliought niigl t again retrieve his credit, he consulted with the governor of Gravcliu liow to put this fact in exe- cution, and at length concluded to employ a wicked boy he had called Joanille to perpetrate it, who no sooner was acquainted with it but he readily undertook it. The day appointed for this execrable deed was on a Sunday, when the Duke oF Anjou making a great feast, the Prince of Orange was present. The boy accordingly came to the house, where he was confessed by a jacobin friar, and promised the pardon of all his sins ; the priest likewise deluding him, and saying that he should go invisible, having given him some charac- ters in papers, with frogs' bones and other trifles, that were found in his pocket. Being thus strengthened in his resolution he drank a flass or two of wine, and the ghostly father having given him his lessing at the stairs' foot, ief\ him. Joanille went into the room, where the Prince and several Lords were at dinner, clad like a Frenchman, and was thought a servant to one of the French noble- men ; he endeavoured to come near the Prince, having charged his pistol with two bullets, designing to shoot him behind, as he had been instructed, but was still hindered. The Prince, having dined, went toward his withdrawing-room, shewing by the way to a no- bleman the cruelties of the Spaniards in the Netherlands, wrought in tapestry, when the murderer, having placed himself in a window of the hall, discharged his pistol against the hinder part of his head, but the Prince turning his face at the si.me instant, the bullet entered in at the throat, it being so near that the fire entered with the wound, burning his ruff and his beard, and breaking one of his teeth, the bullet coming out of the left cheek, near the nose, without hurting his tongue. This terrible blow being given, all present were amazed, and one of the halberdiers in a rage thrust the villain through, and a page presently afler dispatched him. The boy was quickly known to belong to Anastro, who was imprisoned, together with the monk ; the first was released, but the friar, to- gether with the carcass of the murderer, were both hanged and afterward quartered. The Prince's wound was somewhat dangerou^ for the bleeding of the jugular vein could by no art nor means be stopped, till they contrived, that for nine days together several per- sons appointed should hold their thumbs upon the wound night and day, so that at length it closed and the danger was over. At tirst the French were thought to have committed the fact, but the Prince of Orange, though weak, writing in his own hands to the magis- trates of Antwerp to let them know it was a Spaniard, they at length were satisfied. The grief of that great city was extraor- dinary upon the Prince's being wounded, the magistrates commanding fasts to be kept to pray for his recovery, and their joy was as great when they heard he was out of danger. The Prince of Parma, governor of the Spanish Netherlands, concluded he was dead, and sent mild letters to several cities to surrender to him. After this the Duke of Anjou, envying the power of the Prince of Orange, which he thought eclipsed his own, and not enduring to be a Sovereign only in name, with such a limited authorit^^, by the advice of some of his young counsellors, he resolved to seize upon the principal places in the Netherlands ; that is, Antwerp, Bruges, Dunkirk and Dendermond, upon pretence that the people of Ant- werp had encompassed his palace with design to murder him. 1 he two last he took possession of, but the citizens of Bruges and Ant- werp defended themselves with so much courage, that the French were killed in such heaps before the gates, as prevented those with- out from entering in to their relief. The Flemings had some suspi- cions the Prince was concerned in the attempt, which was somewhat occasioned by his fourth marriage with Lovise de Cologny, a French lady ; but he perceiving it, and that the States party grew every day weaker in the Walloon provinces, retired into Holland, where he thought himself more secure, and his life less exposed to the bigotted Papists, and settled at the city of Delph, where Henry Frederick, grandfather to our present Gracious Sovereign, was born. The Duke of Anjou's party being defeated, he was obliged to restore those places of which te had made himself master ; and, re- |»nt 16 THE HISTORY OF THE THE HOUSE OF ORANGE. 17 I"? turning into France, died soon after, some say of poison, others of mere vexation for this inglorious enterprize. The Spaniards thinking they had no greater enemy in the world than the Prince of Orange, and that he being gone they should at- tain their full purposes for enslaving the Netherlands, they used all manner of base and treacherous practices to murder and destroy him, which they too successfully effected in the manner following. In MaijT, 1584, ayouns man, of about twenty-s3ven, coming to the Prince's court at Delph, delivered him a letter as he passed along ; the Prince demanding whence it came, the youth, bein*' of a seem- ing innocent countenance, replied, that it was his own letter, and contained matter of concernment for the service of the country • it was subscribed Fnincis (iuyon. The Prince went away, and the next day the fellow desiring a counsellor of the Prince's that he might be heard and receive an answer of his letter, and that he had several other things of importance to discover both concemin" the country and religion. The Prince having notice of it, commanded one of his council to examine him, to whom he gave a lar«»-e ac- count of his pretended adventures, and that he had procured several blanks (which he produced) with Count Mansfieldt's seal, which were given him for the use of passports for victiinllcrs, but nii^-ht be serviceable to the Prince upon other occasions. The Prince* reco- vered the blank passports, intending to try some experiment with them, and by this means he became so familiar at court, that the Prince, some days after, having an account of the death of the Duke of Anjou, he sent for this villain into his chamber, to inquire something of him, while he was in bed, and the wretch afterwards confessed in prison, that if he had then had a dagger or penknife he would have certainly slain him then. After this he came con- stantly to prayers and sermons, and was observed to read Du Bar- ta's works, particularly the History of Judith and Holofemes, where there are certain persuasions and encouragements to cut off tyrants ; sometimes he borrowed a bible of the porter upon pretence of religion, so that at length he went about the court without suspi- *..«n Awhile after the Prince ordered him to be sent to Count cion. Biron into France, to try if he could »n5ke any advantage of the passports, upon which he desired money to buy shoes and stock- ings, being in an ill condition. The Prince ordered him ten or twelve crowns. Next day he bought a pistol of one of the ffuard but finding it did not shoot true, he bought two more, which were according to his mind. After this he watched when the Prince went down to the hall to dinner, and demanded a passport of him, but in such a hollow and confused voice that the Princess asked what he was, for she did not like his countenance : the Prince told her his business. After dinner, the Prince gains out of the hall, the villain stood behind a pilhir in the gallery, with his cloak on one shoulder, having two pistols under his left arm, holding in his ri^ht hand a paper like a passport, as if to have the Prince sign it. As the Prince passed along, having one foot upon the first step of the stairs, the traitor, advancing^, drew forth one of his pistols so sud- denly, that he was not perceived till the blow was given : the three bullets, wherewith the pistol was charged, entering in at his left side and coming out of the right, through the stomach and vital parts. The Prince, feeling himself hurt, said only thus : " O, my God, take pity of my soul, I am sore wounded : my God, take pity of my soul and of this poor people ;" after which he began to stagger, but his gentleman usher supported him, and set him upon the stairs. The Countess of Swartzenburg, his sister, asked him if he did not recommend his soul to Jesus Christ ? he answered " Yes," and never spoke a word more, dying in a few minutes after. The murderer endeavoured to escape, but being taken and told he was a wicked traitor to endeavour to kill the Prince, " 1 am no traitor," said he, <' but have done what the King of Spain commanded roe, and if I have not slain him cursed be my ill fortune." After this he freely confessed the whole matter, and that he had done it by the instigation of the Jesuits and the encouragement of the Prince of Parma, who assured him of the reward promised to the assassinate by the King of Spain. For this horrid crime a particular and tremendous sentence was pronounced against him by the judges, " That Baltazar Gerrard (which he confessed was his true name) should be laid upon a scaffold in the market-place of Delft, to have his right hand, where- with he committed that execrable deed, torn with two burning hot Eincers, and the like to be done in six several parts of his body, as is arms, thighs, and several other fleshy parts ; his privy members to be cut off, and he to be quartered alive; to have his heart plucked out and thrown in his face ; and, lastly, his head to be cut off, and to be set upon a pole upon the watch tower behind the Prince's lodgings; his four quarters to be hanged upon gibbets upon the four bulwarks of the town." This sentence, said the judges, we think fit to pronounce against this wicked murderer, for having (to the great grief and sorrow of all good men) committed a most ex- hi \l IS THE HISTORY OF THE ecrable crime and abominable treason upon the person of so famous and renowned a Prince as the Prince of Orange was, for which he ou^ht in no wise to remain unpunished, but rather, with all rigour and severity, to be made an example to future ages. Having notice of his death, he was at first astonished, cursing the hour of his birth, and wishing he had never learned the wicked principles of the Jesuits at Dole, but had been still a mean trades- man, and not fallen into this folly ; but since it is done, said he, there is no remedy, and I must now suffer for it. This dreadful sentence was fully executed ; and yet, in all his torments, he never cried out, nor seemed to be in any pain : yea, smiled at an accident that happened in the midst of his tortures, having often boasted that he would not shew the least sign of fear. Thus died the renowned William, Prince of Orange, at fifly-one years of age. He was of an active spirit and a strong menrory, and nis wisdom, constancy, magnanimity, his courage, patience, and labours, were all so extraordinary, that they are rather to be ad- mired than described ; a person, in whom concurred a solid judg- ment to undertake so great and difficult an enterprize, and an unpa- ralleled courage to carry it on, and a very ereat constancy to finish the freedom of his country, against the mighty power of Spain and the treacheries of many of his own countrymen ; so that the states and people of the Netherlands, who had so often experienced his conduct and magnanimity in their most pressing extremities, ad- mired his virtues, which scarce ever before met in one person, be- wailing him OS if no greater loss could have befiaillen them in this world, and solemnized his funeral with all imaginable magnificence, that being the last honour they could pay to his glorious memory. He had four wives, by whom he had four sons and eight daughters. Philip William of Nassau, was eldest son to the great William, Prince of Orange, Philip II. King of Spain, being his godfather, who, when hie nther was compelled to take arms in his own de- fence, was a student at the university of Lovain, and was taken thence by force, to the infringement of the liberties of the place, not- withstanding all the protestations of the rector to the contrary, and the complaints of the Prince his father, who publicly exclaimed against the cruelty of the Spaniards, since no privilege nor innocence of age could secure any from their tyranny and injustice. He was car- riea from thence into Spain, at thirteen years of age, and educated in the Roi.an Catholic religion, where he continued a prisoner above Uiir^y years, during which his jailor, presuming to speak abu- HOUSE OF ORANGE. » sively of the proceedings of his fiither, the Prince, who inherited his gallant temper, not enduring his insolent discourse, took him round the middle, and throwing him out of the window, broke his neck. The King of Spain consulted with his council what punish- ment to inflict ror this great action ; but, at length, by the inter- posing of a generous young Spaniard, who was present, and af- firmed that the captain's ill conduct was the occasion of his death, it was passed over. But at length, in hope to create some jealousies between his bro- ther Maurice and himself. King Philip released him and sent him into Flanders, where he lived in g^eat state with the Spanish go- vernor of the Netherlands, at Brussels, and was employed by that King to conduct into the Netherlands his bride and spouse that was to be, theinfiinta Isabella, to whom King Philip had given in dowry the sovereignty of the seventeen provinces. This was a very asto- nishing policy to all the Netherlands, that the son of a Prince, who was so abhorred by the Spaniards, should be chosen for this honour- able employment, and caused such a jealousy in the states of the United Provinces towards him (the King of Spain having likewise restored to him all his estate in the Spanish Low Countries and the French Comte,) that they would not allow him to make any visit, much less to reside in any of their provinces, though he was very desirous so to do ; and though his younger brother, Prince Maurice, out of his generous temper, surrendered up all the great estate that belongea to Philip, his elder brother, as Breda, and other places, yet, to prevent his being suspected by the States Ge- neral, he dectined seeing him in person, rendering his respects to him constantly by persons deputed thereunto. He married to Eleo- nora Bourbon, sister to the I^-ince of Conde, and, by matching with a Princess of the blood, he was reinstated in his principality of Orange, and died, without children, at Brussels, in 1618, leaving his inheritance and title to his brother. Maurice ofNassau, Prince of Orange, successor to his fiither, both in conduct, courage, and success, who, being but seventeen years old at the death of his father, was yet called to the government, and was no ways discouraged at the great successes of Alexander Famese, Duke of Parma, who, in a very short time, had reduced several cities and towns to the crown of Spain, nor with the insolence of the Earl of Leicester, who, at the desire of the States General, was sent by Queen Elizabeth to be their governor, though, by his insupport- able pride and ambition, he more endamaged the Low Countries, D 2 so THE HISTORY OF THE than the succours he broueht relieved them, so that for four ^ears together, that commonwealth laboured under dreadful convulsions, occasioned by the intrigues of the Earl of Leicester and the policies of the Spaniards, till at length, by the fortunate and total destruc- tion of the nick-named invincible Spanish armada, designed to have devoured all England, the Prince of Parma lost all his reputation at once : Prince Maurice, about the same time, obliging him, to his everlasting shame, to rise and run away from the siege of Bergen ap Zoom, and for twenty years after, even till the time of the truce, fortune was so favourable to the Prince, that victory seemed to attend him, insomuch that he recovered near forty cities and many more fortresses, and in three pitched battles defeated the forces of the King of Spain, besides the victories his admirals obtained at sea upon the coasts of Flanders and Spain. The stratagem by which he surprized Breda was very remarkable, for the garrison of that town being Italians, and greedy of fuel in that cold country, they very readily assisted the boatman to draw his bark of turfs over the ice within the castle walls, under which the Prince had laid several armed soldiers, who, suddenly starting up, surprized, and soon seized the guards, taking possession of the castle, with the loss only of one man, though it were an action of such danger and importance. Soon after the town of Gertrudenbur^f was surrendered to the Prince in view of the Spanish army, consisting of thirty thou- sand men, commanded by Count Mansfield, an experienced gene- ral, who could not force the Prince out of his trenches, though he daily provoked him, so that Prince Maurice, having sent a trum- peter to the Count, he asked him how his master, being a young and fiery Prince, could contain himself within his trenches, after such fair provocations. The trumpeter replied, that the Prince of Nassau was a young Prince, but as old and experienced a general as his excellency. The next year, the Prince took Groning, the capital city of that province: also Rhinebui^, Meurs, and Grave, and gained great reputation by the defence of Ostend ; for the Spaniards having made themselves masters of it, after a siege of three years, with the loss of •ixty thousand men, and the expense of above a hundred niillions of treasure, they were possessed of nothing but a heap of ruins, more like a burying-place than a city; and the Prince soon after gained Sluce, a place of far greater importance. And at the battle ot New- port he had such great success a^inst far more numerous forces than his own, that the Archduke Albert, with several other persons of HOUSE OF ORANGE. SI oualttv were wounded ; all the Spaniards' cannon, with above one hundred c^mrte and ensigns faUing into the victor's hands, wrth the s^iauffhter of s^x thousandV the enemy upon the place ; the Prince havmff before the fight sent away all the ships that transported his tniL Flanders, telling them, tfat no- there w^ no w^^ e^jg but they must either march over the bellies «f their enemie^ or el^ drink salt water. After several other successes against the rrince oi fSrl? and other Spanish general., ""^'fJ,.^' ■?'7^"P ^^V'^^ inr Henrv Frederick of Nassau, Prince of Orange, w no was SiTrds^'n to T renowned Waiiam, P-" «' ^rVlSt'deterra'un'S in 1584, and was an excellent general, not in the least •,«„ fc''|,ifj"'':;'i w«a/«o on innirsion into the province of Utrecht, to aiveri nira , anu S^'s captains near the RKine, in the open field, with halfhis rrince s capy«"" , . if i^- carried prisoner to Wessel, from l^vqfirund,^^^^^^^^^ nrsit^iorXttify^^^^^^^ iimp»«pn">?wiMpnvi*nw*'wv! »i ni 'i i ' W f ("q pf» "i»»>WM" 22 THE HISTORY OF THE the state?, were presented to the young Prince in a box of ^old. After this, Prince Henry continued still more successful, taking the (ownsofRuremond, Veuloand Strall; and lastly, undertaking the siege of Maestricht, where he surrounded his trenches with such strong circumvallations, that both the Spanish and German forces were obliged to march away with dishonour, and leave him the honour of reducing so important a place. Divers other prosperous attempts he made, at his retaking the fort of Skink Scans, and regaining the castle and city of Breda, which the Marquess Spinola had been a whole year in taking, with vast loss and expense, and yet the Prince now reduced it, to his immortal honour, in four months, and answerable was his fortune at sea, where Admiral Tromp falling upon a numerous fleet of the Spaniards in the Downs, of sixty-seven men of war, destroyed the greatest part of them to the number of forty ships sunk, wherein above seven thousand men were lost, and two thousand carried pri- soners into Holland, amongst whom was the great gallion of Portu- gal, called Maria Theresa, carrying eight hundred men, whereof not one escaped. In 1641, Prince William, only son of the Prince of Orano-e, married the Princess Mary, eldest daughter to King Charles I. a^d soon after. Prince Henry gained the strong fort of Hulst, in Flan- ders, which the Spaniards were not able to relieve. Thus it may be observed, that William, Prince of Orange, laid the foundations of the commonwealth of Holland ; Prince Maurice, his son, fixed and strengthened them by his victories, and Henry Frederick, the younger brother, by continuing his conc^uests and enlarging their territor^s, at length compelled the Spaniard to renounce his pretended right over them, and to acknowledge them an independent state, treating with them hy the title of the high and nighty States General of the united provinces : so that by the swords of the illustrious House of Orange, this potent republic was first founded, which is now arrived to that grandeur as to send ambassadors upon equal terms with the most potent Princes of Christendom, even to the King of Spain him- self, whose subjects they were, not above one hundred years, and whose revolt had proved a great advanta&e to that crown, they having been so many years a barrier to the Spanish Netherlands against the excessive power and ambition of France, which, without their assistance had long since swallowed them up. Prince Henry married the daughter of John Albert, Count of Solms, who came m ith the Queen of Bohemia into Holland : a ladv HOUSE OF ORANGE. 9$ of excellent beauty, modesty, and prudence, by whom he had one son and four daughters ; the eldest, named Lovison, was married to Frederick William, Prince Elector of Brandenburg, by whom he had several children; the second, Henrietta, was married to the Count of Nassau ; the third, Catherina, was espoused to John George, Duke of Anhalt; the fourth was married to the Duke of Simeren ; Prince Henry died March 12, 1647, and was succeeded by William of Nassau, Prince of Orange, who was born in 1626; a Prince of worthy hopes and courage, but was suddenly taken away by death in the twenty-fourth year of his age : having been mamed nine years to the Princess Mary, daughter to Kinff Charles I. by whom he had Prince William Henry, who was born November 4, 1650 ; some few days after his father's death, ihe Lords States General of Holland and Zealand, and of the cities of Delft, Leyden and Amster- dam being his godfathers. WILLIAM HENRY OF NASSAU, PRINCE OF ORANGE. This excellent Prince, our present gracious Sovereign, is endowed with all the noble and virtuous aualities of his ancestors of the illustrious House of Orange, which seemed designed by he»ven to be the protectors of religion and liberty for several ages, his Ma- jesty's glorious predecessors being the founders and establishers, and himself the restorer of the half-ruined Batavian republic, as well a« the deliverer of these three kingdoms from the utmost dan^r of popery and slavery; this excellent Prince suffered many afironts by Banievel's party, revived in the persons of the De Witt's, ex- pecting with inimitable patience, the advancement to those honours and dignities which of right belonged to his family, and which, by the decree of a prevailing faction, he was deprived of presently after the death of his father. But King Lewis, his inveterate enemy, did, accidentally, very much contribute to his exaltotion ; for, having in 1672 like a rapid torrent over-run the flourishing Batavian republic, he thereby gave opportunity to the Prince to discover to the world the spirit of his ancestors, in recovering the united provinces from the ruin which seemed to attend them by the success of that King, even beyond his hopes, nay, almost his wishes : which put that people into such a consternation, as occasioned them to complain of the unhappy con- duct of Cornelius and Jol^i De Witt, who had then the sole manage- fi THE HISTORY OF THE ment of all affairs, and to believe that none but the g^lorious House of Nassau was capable to support their tottering state in this age against their potent French enemies, as they had formerly rescued them from the tyranny of Spain. Neither was the grandmother of the Prince wanting to engage the favourers of that family to endeavour to remove that eclipse, under which it had so long suffered, which her Highness managed with a courage and magnanimity above her sex, so that, being awakened by her remonstrances, they began to consider how they themselves had of late been slighted and neglected, whilst all the great employ- ments of the commonwealth were bestowed upon the sons of burgo- masters, and being seconded by the rage of the commonalty, who were dreadfully terrified to see a victorious armv in the very bowels of their country, they obliged the States General, in the beginning of 1672, to depute Monsieur Beverning, John De Witt, and Jasper Fagel, to invest his Highness the Prince of Orange in the dignities belonging to his ancestors, of captain, and admiral-general of the united pro- vinces, who, having accepted the same, and taken his oath, pre- sently went upon action against the French; but the province of Holland still suspected the fidelity of their magistrates, seeing their frontier tpwns and garrisons fall daily into the hands of their vic- torious enemies, and at Dort they raised a dangerous mutiny, and resolved that his Highness the Prince of Orange should be advanced to the stadtholdership also, as judging it absolutely necessary for the public good ; upon which, an act was instantly drawn up, and read in the public hall by the secretary, wherein the magistrates declared his Highness the Prince of Orange, stadtholder, captain, and admiral-general of all their forces by sea and land, with the same power and authority that his ancestors of glorious memory had formerly enjoyed ; which occasioned great rejoicing in that city. But Cornelius de Witt, an ancient burgomaster of the town, re- turning at the same time indisposed from the fleet, and being de- sired to sign the act, replied, " He would never do it ;" nor could all the persuasions of his friends, nor the menaces of the multitude, who were ready to break into his house, nor the tears of his wife, who was sensible of his danger, prevail upon his obstinate temper, till she threatened to shew herself to the people and declare her own and children's innocency, and abandon him to the fury of the ungo- verned populace, which soon aAer occasioned his tragical death ; for they being fully persuaded that he and his brother John were real enemies to the Prince, and a certain surgeon having charged Cor- HOUSE OF ORANGE. 25 nelius that he had made a private proposal to him to take away his Hiffhness's life, he was thereupon imprisoned, and, upon trial, was sentenced to forfeit all his dignities and employments, and to be for ever banished out of the territories of Holland and West I'rieze- The people, who accounted the Prince to be their protector and de- liverer, believed his judges to be partial in punishing so great a crime with so easy a judgment, and the trained bands at the Hague being in arms, they presently ran to the prison, where, while they were got to- gether, it happened that John De Witt came in his coach to fetch his brother out of prison : upon which, one of the burgesses cried out, « Now the two traitors are got together, and it is our fault if they escape us." This had been enough to inflame the multitude, but a greater motive happened : for while they were all expecting the coming down of the two De Witts, an unhappy report was raised, that above a thousand peasants and fishermen were upon their march to plunder the Hague, upon which, another burgher cried out, « Come, gentlemen, let us pull these traitors out by the ears, do but follow me, and 1 will lead the way." These words, with their great affec- tion to their Prince, and the ruin of their country, to both which, they accounted the De Witts to be the greatest enemies, completed their rage, so that they immediatelv broke open the prison doors, and forced down the two brothers into the street, where they were soon dispatched by the multitude, who after they had laid the j^n- sionary John De Witt sprawling on the ground, cried out, « See there the traitor that has betrayed his country." Thus fell John, and Cornelius De Witt, two violent enemies to the House of Orange. It is said, that John was the contriver of those acts, whereby his Highness was secluded from all the great employments which were due to him from his predecessors, and that a certain ambassador being in private discourse with him, said, "Most illustrious sir, I have heard much of your singular prudence, and unwearied dili- gence, but far less than what 1 now observe; from whence, I dare assuredly pronounce, that either you will be the rum of the Prjnce, or else, that one day for his sake, you will come to destruction. It is likewise reported, that when he was a youth of about eighteen years old, a certain advocate being desired by his father to examme him, gave this account of him : "That he found in him those great parts, and that ripeness of wit, which was rarely to be seen m others; and afterwards, when he was made pensioner of Holland and Dort, the same advocate presaged of him, " That he would 26 THE HISTORY OF THE never die a natural death." « Thus," saith a worthy person, « ended one of the greatest lives of any subject of our times, in the forty- seventh year of his age, after having administered in that state as pensioner of Holland for about eighteen years, with great honour to his country and himself. It must be remarked that the present war with the States General was commenced in concert between the French King and Charles II. in a time of the greatdst peace and security on the Dutch side ; so that, when the English fell upon their Smyrna fleet, no clap of thunder in a frosty morning could be more surprising, both to the Hollanders, and the rest of Christendom : yea, the court of France itself could scarce believe that we would run so great an adventure, though our court had obliged themselves thereto, and though, in the declaration of war, which the King published, the Dutch are charged with making abusive pictures, and denying the right of the flag, which was an undoubted prerogative of the crown of England; yet, the parliament and people were of opinion, that this war was made in pursuance of the instructions of the French King, sent over to Dover by the Duchess of Orleans; whereby the destruction of the commonwealth of Holland is declared to be the only means to settle arbitraiT government and popery in these three nations. Upon our declaration of war, the French King began to march with his vast army into the Netherlands, which he over-ran with such a rapid motion, that the people were astonished, and the states knew not what course to take to prevent it, which occasioned those commotions aforementioned ; but his Highness the Prince of Orange being advanced to the Stadtholdership, the face of affairs began to alter, and their courage was revived. Monsieur Fagel succeeded De Witt as pensioner, and the Prince presently resolved to be upon action, rejecting all the applications made to him by the two Kings, of making him soverei^ of the provinces, with such disdain end greatness of soul, as is scarce to be matched, always declaring, " That he would never betray a trust that was given him, nor ever sell the liberties of his country that his ancestors had so lonff de- fended. ° In pursuance of this generous resolution, his Highness took the <»mmand of the army upon him, who were more animated at the thoughts of being under the conduct of so gallant a general ; so that at Bodegrave, a handful of men twice repulsed above five thousand of the French from the walls of Ardenburg; and, besides the slain, took five hundred prisoners, with several commanders, and persong HOUSE OF ORANGE. 27 of quality, through the extraordinary valour of no more than two hundred burghers and one hundred garrison soldiers, only that they were assisted by the women and children, the women filling the bandileers, and the children brought bullets to their parents. Soon after the siege of Groningen, which had been besieged witli near three thousand men, by the Bishop of Munster, was, by the courage of the citizens, raised, with the loss of half the enemy s army, and a prodigious quantity of ammunition spent in vain, m Teducing thereof ; to which, his Highness's care, in furnishing them with all necessaries for defence, was highly contnbutin^. About the same time, the Prince resolving to dislodge *°®*u I guards of the French, gave a strong alarm to them, and without moving from his saddle all night, drove them to their trenches, before Utrecht, and carried several lords prisoners to Amsterdam. His Highness then resolved to attempt the reducing of Woerden, and, after a bloody and obstinate fight, wherein above two thousand of the French were slain, and not above seven hundred ot the Dutch. His Highness finding the garrison relieved with such a numerous supply, drew off his men, and retreated to his quarters. After which, was held a council of war, of the principal officers ol the army, which being ended, a certain colonel would needs be impertine/.ly inquisitive of the Prince, to know what was his great desiffn aJainst the French at that time; his Highness demaaded of him, whether he would discover to any other what he should declare to him ? The colonel said, « No, he would not :" " Then, said the Prince, " my tongue is also endued from heaven with the same grace;" an answer becoming the wisdom of a Prince, and the re- servedness of a great commander. His Highness being with the army at Maestricht, sent out a party to reduce the strong castle of Walcheren, which was soon surren- dered with a great quantity of wheat and other provisions. During this time, the Duke of Luxemburg, with fourteen thousand horse and foot, resolved to invade the province of Holland, in hope to plunder Leyden and the Hague, and marched from Woerden over the ice with three thousand five hundred of the lightest of the in- fantry, of which attempt his Highness having notice, marched with all speed toward the Trench, who, in the mean time had taken Swamerdam, and by the retiring of Colonel Pame Vin from his post at Niewerbroug, had a free passage opened for their retreat, who must also have perished in the waters, or surrendered by reason ot the sudden thaw; the Duke himself was like to have been lost by a E 2 THE HISTORY OF THE fall into the thawed water, losing in this slippery expedition, aboye six hundred of his best soldiers. The French committed horrid ravages at Swamerdam, ravishing women, stripping and wounding the aged and decrepit, and throwing infants that smiled in their faces, into the fire. And now the strong city of Coverden, the key of the provinces of Fnezeland and Groning, which in that fatal year, 1672, fell into the hands of the Bishop of Munster, with great loss of men and a long siege, was rfetaken in an hour, and not above sixty men slain, and of the enemy, one hundred and fifty killed, and four hundred and thirty prisoners ; it was furnished by the Bishop with a prodi- gious quantity of warlike ammunition. This success highly en- couraged the Dutch, and so surprized the enemy, that they instantly quitted several other garrisons, and much advanced the honour of the Prince, to whose prudent management of affairs, they attributed this happy alteration in the fortune of their country ; which his Highness likewise extended to pacify the dissention between the old and new magistrates of Friczeland, who acted contrary to each other : but upon his Highness appearing in their assembly, all dis- cords vanished, and all things were settled for the defence of the Netherlands, by his visiting the frontier fortifications of Flushing, Sluce, Ardenburg, (where the kej^s of the town were delivered him in a silver basin by the young virgins of that city, decked with gar- lands of several flowers) and several other strong places. In 1673, the Dutch were hotly assailed, on the one side by the French King, with a puissant army, while Conde and Luxemburg lay at Utrecht with powerful forces, to watch an opportunity to invade the very centre of their territories ; and by sea, the King of England vigorously attacked them with his own and the French fleet, so that the Prince of Orange was obliged not to stir abroad, but to observe their designs, and prevent the threatened descent of the English. In May, the King of France, with an army of forty- two thousand men sat down before Maestricht, the garrison con- sisted of about four thousand foot, and nine hundred horse, under Monsieur Farieux, a resolute and experienced commander, as ap- peared by the stout resistance he made against this mighty force ; so that, though the French gained the place, yet it was with such a deluge of blood, no less than nine thousand of their bravest soldiers being slain in the siege, with an incredible number of his choicest officers, that the purchase was sufficiently dear; and, after three weeks valiant defence, with the loss of halt the garrison by innume- HOUSE OF ORANGE. S9 rable assaults, batteries, and storming of fresh as^aUaf night and ^v The courageous governor would still have held it out, had S\hepLtitTonrff the Lgistrates and ecclesiastics o^^ hun o su^nd^ of whose worthy conduct the Pr nee of Orange was so weTTsat'fied that he instaWeferred »"™ *« ^/\^' J^^^^^^ of the army • and the French King was so mortified, that when ne had lakeTL town, he broke up fis army and rf-nedto^ Paris sendin- part of them to Turrenne, to enable l^''" , *« *^^^^^,^^^^ country oY Treves, because that Elector had assisted the Emperor ^^THe' French army being thus dispersed, and the English fleet, ine rreiicii *»»'J «f lUav 28 r wherein both sides claimed the S'; b?if/Xdlr'thf ci^s'^^^^^^^ his Highness, !;«-, S^^rP ^t iTbertv resolved not to lie still, so that calling off* his ?orIerwhich la7& the defence of Zealand,.to join with the rest of the rrmv? he sat down before Naerden with twen y-five thou- sand men, upon which the Duke of Luxemburg, with ten thousand and f^r Regiments of Munster horse, advanced within view of he Prince^ enfrenchments, but not daring to attempt the relief of the town the Prince, after three hours resistance, beat the French frr 'their works, and forced them to retire m great confusion into the city! aiTthe next day they surrendered it up. The garnson rnarchinff out, the governor made a profound reverence to the Prince Ind it is said, assured him, « That he had reason suft- l^TioTrrendlv the town so soon;" but it seems the King did not think them so, for he was condemned to perpetual imprison- ment, and had his'sword broken over his head at Utrecht tor the aai^ison consisted of near three thousand men, and warned neither f mmSion norC^ and the French had much strengthened ?he™ortifi^tions,^et the Prince took it in four days, and W not above a hundred men, and two hundred wounded And now his Highness, to avoid so many sieges as the towns they hadlos Zuld cos°t to recover, resolved upon a gallant action, the Sordness of which amazed all men but t^e success extolle^ ™Xng w^^^^^ directly, with hi^^^my, out of the ??eTerland!, and ioining with the confederates^ he resoked to be^ siege Bonne, which had been put into the hands of the l-rench the » THE HISTORY OF THE beginning of the war, wherein the Elector of Cologne and the Bishop of Munster had entered jointly with France. It^had a ffanSin of two thousand men, and was well furnished with aU provK and «i£l J/h "' ^""' "^^1*"^ °" ^^^^ '^^"^ *«d bulwark The 'Mar- 8hal de Huinieres with seven thousand horse, faced the Leader fin h".H *1,"°* r*; ""-^ *^ succour it; so that the'confederate^ hTing finished their batteries and brought three mines to perfection, pre! pared for a general storm : but willing to gave their men seff a summons to the governor to surrendSr the town, sU,c^th;v were without relief, and, f they nleased, might send outTome ^to s^ SiowTk' "^^'f/^^^y *? Pl^y "Pon their refusal, which would b^ followed by putting to the swor J all in arms, if taken bysorm This so affrighted them that the next day they capitulated, aTd This successful expedition of his Highness put the French into such a consternation to see the reverse%f the/r fortune, Xt tl^^ who lately, wih insulting pride, threatened the ruin of others, were now at their wit's end to save themselves; so that, upon the C of so many men as had lately died by sickness and the sword Thev were compe ed to abandon all their conquests in be Sriln% r}Z 'TuT 'VT f ""^ '*^"'"' ••^*^'"'"ff <>^y Maestricht and ?he Grave, of all they lately possessed belongin| to tliis republic. Woer- den was the first that teh their tyranny and^as fii^t evacuated, ^ut the Duke of Luxemburg extorted sixteen thousand livres of them ^ save the town from lurning, by the King's order Harderwi"k paid twelve housand livres; Creveceur three thousand piltXs Bomniel, a strong fortress, on which the King of France Ld S^ stowed sixty thousand livres, gave hostages to pay tWrty-six tho^. sand hvres to spare their houses. Utrecht was o^lied to ^ve an hundred housand crowns; and the French all degartin-^n one day, the burgomasters absolved each other from the^ oaths whkh they had taken against the restoration of his Highness the Pri^e of Z?Aif^'^A'' ^.^«|? t»^«y «ent tbeir deputies to ack^nowledge him theh^ Stad holder, m the name of the whole province of Utrldit. Thu lliVflS. r'' ™^^'- I" r™^ ^"f ' ^^" t°»»«^« ^"tdone C^sarhim self, for he vanquished even where he neither saw nor came, but only by the terror of his arms and victories. In consideraUon of this happy turn of affairs, occasioned by the pruSen^rand conduct of his rt.ghness, the States General, in February following! pub hshed a decree to declare their gratitude, confirming the char-e of HOUSE OF ORANGE. 31 Stadtholder of the province of Holland and West Friezeland on the person of his Highness during life, and also on the heirs male of his body, as a standing monument of his surpassing merits ; and that very day the states of Zealand likewise conferred the same dio^nities upon his Highness, and made him withal hereditary noble of their province. In the beginning of the year 1674, the parliament and people of England beinff weary of the war with Holland, which was entered into without their consent or liking, were very desirous of a peace ; so that the French couri party, having little hope of wheedling the House of Commons to give any more money to carry on their black designs against the religion and liberties of the nation, under the pretence of this war, they were obliged to make a separate peace with the Dutch, exclusive of the French King, though, to their great regret, that they were forced to abandon their dear ally, from whom they had drawn such great sums of money for secret service. Upon the strength and heart of this peace, his Highness, the Prince of Orange, concerted with the German and Spanish troops to begin an offensive war; and, at the head of an army of forty thousand men, to march into France. In pursuance hereof, the three armies being joined, arrived at Nivelle the beginning of August, 1674, where they continued for some days; but finding the Prince of Conde, who lay not far off, encamped with an army of fifty thou- sand, unwilling to come forth and hazard a battle in the open field, they endeavoured, by all ways imaginable, to provoke and draw him out of his trenches : but all proving ineffectual, they resolved to besiege some place of importance, believing that Conde would endeavour to relieve it ; whereupon his Highness marched from Se- neffe toward Brinch, General Souches, with the imperial forces, leading the van. Count Waldeck commanded the main battle with the Holland army, and Count de Monterey the rear with the Spa- niards ; the Prince of Orange commanded the whole confederate army. The Prince of Conde having notice of their movement, and being sensible of the difficulty and straitness of the passages, put his men in order, and letting the van-guard pass, and the greatest part of the main bodv some leagues before, he then fell in upon the rear- guard of .ue Spanish horse and dragoons, consisting of four thou- sand, commanded by the Prince de Vaudemont, and broke them with great slaughter, and not much resistance, taking several pri- soners of quality, with the baggage, which the Prince of Orange THE HISTORY OF THE having notice of, he sent three battalions of infantry to their reh'ef. Conde, warmed with success, drew his whole array out of their trenches, and fell with much fury upon the Dutch squadron, break- ing them to pieces, killing or taking all their commanders, and gaining several standards : and here his Highness the Prince of Orange gave particular testimonies of his undaunted bravery, throwing himself, with his sword in his hand, before the daunted fu- gitives, endeavouring, by all means imaginable, to stop their flight, and by his own example, encouraged them to renew the battle, so that he was often in danger either of being slain or taken prisoner ; but at length his Plighness joining the rest of the Dutch, who stood firm, whom he made tlie right wing, with the Imperialists and Spa- niards on the left, the fight was renewed with more fury and vigour than ever, both armies being animated with the hope of victory, and seeming equally resolved rather to die than be overcome. His Highness omitted no pains upon this important occasion, so animating his soldiers, that they strove, with emulation, to outdo one another, and both armies fought till night, with an obstinacy on both sides hardly to be paralleled, though the fields were all strewn over with the bodies of the slain and wounded, while the combatants, covered with blood and sweat, encouraged each other the more by that dismal spectacle. Thus the fury of the French, which at first carried all before them, about ten o'clock at night be- gan to abate ; the French infantry, of which they had lost a consi- derable part, drawing off at a distance, notwithstanding all the en- deavours of the Prince of Conde to have brought them back ao-ain, who thereupon fearing some farther mischief might befal his a° my, ordered the horse also to retire, leaving the victory by this means to his Highness the Prince of Orange, who, two hours after the re- treat of the French, drew off his army likewise to their appointed quarters. Thus ended this bloody battle, wherein, at first, the French pre- vailed, but at length lost the victory, having seven thousand men slain outright, besides the wounded, of whom the Prince of Conde left above fifteen hundred in the villages about his quarters at Pieton. On the confederates' side, the slain, wounded, and deserters, amounted to about six thousand five hundred in all. It was said that a letter was intercepted from the Prince of Conde to the French King, giving him an account, " That upon a general review of his army, he found himself but in an ill condition, having lost the flower of his infantry and the best part of his horse, and therefore did not HOUSE OF ORANGE. S3 think himself strong enough to venture a second ba^^^^* ...^*^'"§ likewise lost a great number of officers and persons J^ ^^f **J' ^"J several standards, among which was one called the white standard ot France (which was afterward hunff up with great f?^^"^"'^^: »« ^»J church of the Carmelites at Brussels, richly ^'^.^^roidered withjold and silver, with a sun in the middle passing through thej«)dmc, with this haughty motto, « Nil obstabit eunti;" nothing can stop his course. But the principal honour of this victory ought, next under God, to be ascribed to his Hiffhness the Prince of Orange «J whom General Souches gives the following account in a letter to the States General. , i . • **^„j:n«. hla « 1 have endeavoured to discharge my duty »« attending his Highness the Prince of Orange, during the bloody and f^^^^^ battle between the confederate army and that of the Christian King, the happy issue of which has proved so much *<>. ^^e glory ot the Prince of Orange, who shewed, upon that occasion, the prudence of an aged capfain, the courage of a C^sar, ^^^ the u„dau^^^^^^^^ braver/of a Marius, all which, my Lords, ^ ^P^^k without flattery as bein.' contrary to my nature." And as the friends, sothe^"^ n ies of Tiis HighLs aglreed to give him e^-^fW ^-.^^^^^^^^^^ ture, the Prince of Conde himself declaring, " That he had done in all things like an old captain, but only in ^t"""^ j^^J^^^f {?^ much like a voung man;" though this old general had done the rmei«this^ry'slction,'charging into the thickest troops like a ^^Thrnlxl'day after the fight his Highness marched wUh his whole army, ne'ar Mons, and took up his ^^f d-quarter^^^^^^^^ Gi- laine till they had recovered their disorders m the late batUe, ana hen begin to think of further action, At 1-^^^,^^ -f ^ Jjf ,t^ to besiege Oudenard, to draw the Prince of Conde out ot his cau ttS: marches to relieVe it The confederates made the^^^^^^^ to the town, and were already mastei^ of th« ^ounters^rp, wheii Conde decamped from Beumont, with his whole army ot tortv SiTutnd meTeither to reli.ve or give the conf^enjt^^^^^^ Highness advised that they should immediately fall upon the enemy, wpf rv andTred with a long march, but General Souches prevented 27xe?uUrof r^is magna^nimous resoluti^^^^^^^^ his men in. battalia, be cros^^d the nver^m ^so^^^^^^^^ left son for the who. S4 THE HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF ORANGE. 35 to a battle ; so that his Highness, finding no more good to be done, resolved to march back to Grave, where his presence would be more necessary, leaving Count Waldeck the command of the army in his absence. The siege of this place had been undertaken sometime before by General Rabenhaupt : the garrison consisted of four thou- sand foot and nine hundred horse, of which the Marquis of Cha> milly, a valiant and expert captain, was governor, wherein were four hundred and fifty pieces of cannon, of which one hundred were mounted upon the bulwarks, besides a vast quantity of powder, corn, grenadoes, and all manner of warlike ammunition, for the French had made a magazine there of all that they had brought awav from their deserted conquests. Rabenhaupt sat down betore it with about twenty regiments of foot and some horse, and was afterwards reinforced bv the troops of the Prince of Courland and the Elector of Brandenburgh, who summoned the city on every side, assaulting it with much violence, but was as vigorously defended by those within, though they were reduced to drink water. His Highness arrived there on the 9th of October, with sixty cornets of horse, whose presence revived the courage of the besiegers : yet the French held out till the 25th, when Chamilly, finding such large breaches made in the fortifications, much widened by tie fortunate blowing up of a mine, which almost destroyed a covert way, so that it was impossible for him to hold out against the general storm designed the next day, he surrendered the town upon honourable articles. The following winter was spent in preparing for an early campaign the next year, 1675, in the beginning whereof the Hollanders made grateful acknowledgments to his Highness the Prince of Orange, for his signal conduct and services in redeeming them from the cala- mities which they had suffered under a cruel foreign enemy, offorin"- him the title of Duke of Guelderland ; but to convince the world of the sincerity of his intentions, and how little ambitious he >vas to a^-- grandizc himself by the war, his Highness refused those honours; but being at the same time offered the command of Governor Here- ditary of the same province, he readily accepted it, and in the ma- nagement thereof discovered his excellent prudence in civil as well as military affairs. But whilst his Highness was intent to oppose the designs of the French for the ruin of his country, he was visited with the small- pox, which struck a great damp to the progress of affairs, and was the more lamented, as having proved fatal to his family in the per- sons of his father, mother, and his uncle the Dake of Gloucester ; ?^>t it oleased God that bv the care and skill of an able physician, and «rtl peculiar reraedies^ent him by the Duke of Brandenburgh SrHisCs recovered, and within twenty days was abroad "S^"',^'^^ ha,tenld to the general rendezvous of his army at K"^™^*^'''" °™f to the relief of Limburg, then besieged by the Marquis ot Roche- for^^ the King of France, with an army under the Prince of Conde, DTOtinehhi^Llf advantageously for covering the siege; but such S?s thi swtls of the LrJns, and the -»^"- "* ^'J^^i^^f the Spanish troops, that the besiege^ ^%'^Lvrt„l^^L snv- and unable to oppose the great numbeij of »i?^J^'^*"'=°. ''"^^^ rendered sooner tLn was expected; »««■■»''''=''' ^»""f T p„is 38 THE HISTORY OF THE taken Philipsburg, for want of being well provided, which was as unexpected as the raising of the Kiege of Maestricht. The following winter was spent in treating for the peace at Nime- gen, which the common people of Holland were very desirous of, the war being a ^reat hindrance to their trade ; but the French insisted upon such high terms, that his Highness opposed it to the utmost, though King Charles II. was still very earnest to bring his dear ally out of his troubles; but still the French pursued the war with their usual application ; for, in February, 1677, though it were in the depth of winter, their forces marched into the Spanish Netherlands, and having provided sufficient magazines, they in a manner blocked up Valenciennes, Cambray, and St. Omers, at a distance, giving out, they would be masters of two, if not three places, before the confederates could take the field. The French, at the same time, broke into Germany on the other side the Rhine, ravaging, burning, and ruining these countries, with a barbarity peculiar to the most christian King ; soon after, the city of Valenciennes was surrounded with an army of forty or fifty thousand men, under the Duke of Luxemburg, wherein was a garrison of two thousand foot, and one thousand horse and dragoons, and the French King being arrived in the camp, commanded that the besieged should be kept awake all night, by flinging bombs, grenades, and fire-pots into the town, and the next morning, when they were tired with the night's toil, and gone to their repose, so that few were left to guard the works, the assailants carried all before them, and turned the great guns upon the town ; which so terrified the besieged, that they presently surrendered at discretion. Animated with this success, the French King immediately sat down before Cambray, a town of great trade, and had been in the Spaniards' hands about eighty years; it had a garrison of one thou- sand four hundred horse, and four regiments of foot, and after a few day's sie^e, this city was, like the other Spanish towns, surrendered upon articles; and at the same time, St. Omers was besieged by the Duke of Orleans, with a very great army; the news of this sudden progress of the French so alarmed all the Netherlands, that his Highness the Prince of Orange was resolved to take the field, the Dutch having received their payments from Spain, and concluded to continue the war another campaign, being brought to this resolu- tion by the vigour and courage of his Highne.ss, who had begun to prepare his troops to march upon the first motion of the French ; but by the usual delays and neglects of the Spaniards, though the Prince HOUSE OF ORANGE. o9 Cto 1^ ™;%",:ldrfo?the ?urrrconsidering the great .ia.por- X' XC^rS^an^: wS'in the French lost many cons.der- posted between t„„„«^ that he »^^^^^ he marched to ^»*"^^°/Vnnp or five thousand French, under the which Ynf"(fort"Monlat who, l'strust?n| the design, had fur- ^^•^'".^Uwfth Tinner o^ rmmunition and provision, and such a nished it with all ™^""^r "//"\ ^j _„* ^wav a great part of them ; number of great guns, ^^^^ ^^«. M ef^Xess was sat^down before the Duke of Luxemburg hearing his Hi|hnessw ^^^ federates fetch any f»"gt ™m„ll^^ all which his Highness con- 40 THE HISTORY OF TH£ army, wherein consisted the safety of his country ; though no man was ever more daring when there was any probability of prevailing. His Highness finding the French were resolved not to come to a battle, but to be upon the defensive, and secure what they had gotten, leaving the army near Brussels under Count Waldeck, re- turned to the Hague, and had the thanks of the states returned him a second time for his weary and prudent conduct. In October this year, bis Highness went over into England, at the invitation of King Charles, in hopes that his presence would much contribute to a general peace between France and the con- federates, which the King seemed very solicitous to have concluded, by the instigation, as it was thought, of the French court, who were willing to put an end to the war for the present ; the Prince, October 19, arrived at Harwich, and went post to Newmarket, where the court then was, which in two or three days returned to Whitehall; where his Highness having a sight of the Princess, was so pleased therewith, that he immediately made suit to the King and Duke, that she might be his bride, which they seemed well pleased with, if a peace were first concluded ; but his Highness ab- solutely refusing that condition, the King being very well satisfied of his Highness's excellent merits, resolved to grant his request, and the next day declared in council his design of marrying the Prince of Orange with the Princess Mary ; upon which, the whole council went in a body to compliment the Prince and Princess ; and the news was received both in city and country with bells, bonfires, and other signs of extraordinary joy and satisfaction, and they were married accordingly, November 4, 1677, being his Highness s birth-day. Yet amidst these nuptial joys and caresses, his Highness knowing how necessary his presence was in Holland, made haste to return ; 80 that he departed from London, November 29, with his Princess, and arriving at Homslaer dike, staid there till they made their public entry at the Hague, which they did in a few days, in as magnificent a manner as both the magistrates and people could express to declare their joy and satisfaction for these happy nuptials. In 1678, even in January, the French King made such mighty preparations for the ensuing campaign, as alarmed all Europe, but more especially the Dutch, and their allies : so that the King of England sent the Earl of Fcvershani with a project of peace to the French King, consisting of several heads, which, if he should refuse HOUSE OF ORANGE. 41 to accept of that, then King Charles and the States General would unite their forces to compel him to reason , the trench rejected the King's propositions, continuing his mighty warlike preparations; upoS which. King Charles recalled his forces out ot the French service, who had oflen occasioned his gaining many considerable victories : and the parliament meeting soon after, the King acquainted them, that he had made an alliance with Holland, to compel the King of France to a reasonable peace ; upon which, the Commons cave moner for raising thirty thousand land soldiers, and a fleet of ninety men of war ; though it appeared afterward, the court never intended any war, but to have used these forces to far worse pur- poses, even to the advancing arbitrary government and popery in these kingdoms ; of which the Dutch were so sensible, that much doubting the sincerity of King Charles's ne-ociations, they were at last constrained to make peace with the trench, upon disadvan- tageous terms, to pacify the factions and discontents of the people. The French King, in March this year, came before Gaunt with an army of eighty thousand men, and by incessant batteries and stormings, to6k it in nine day's time ; having drawn the Spanish forces toward lMt)n8 under pretence of besieging it: and t»»«n.[e" upon Ipre with such rapid violence, that he soon reduced that like- wise, though with such loss of officers and soldiers, that he put his army into garrisons, and then returned to Paris; this gave such a mighty alarm to the Hollanders, that all things drove on violently for a peace; which the French King being sensible of, and having now gained his point in Flanders, to prevent the En-lish from being in earnest against him, he sent an imperious project of a peace, declaring he would admit of these conditions and no other, which the Dut?h were obliged to accept of, since they could obtain no better; but before the peace was ratified, the French made several pretensions and delays in performing even what themselves had Agreed to, as his Highness the Prince of Orange foresaw and fore- told they would do, rnsomuch that they blocked up the city of Mons, a chief frontier of Flanders ; upon which his Highness resolved to march to the relief of it, great preparations being made to that pur- pose, and understanding that the confederates had jomed the Hol- land and Spanish forces, that lay near the canal of Brussels, he de- parted by night from the Hague, and marching toward Mons with his army, b?ing accompanied with the Duke of Monmouth, he fell upon the Duke of Luxemburg with such fury, that he forced him to retire: and animating his soldiers, with his eyes sparkling like fire, a 49 THE HISTORY OF THK they despised all danger by their gallant general's example, who in the midst of fire and smoke, and bullets flying thick as hail, had ven- tured so far, that he had been in imminent danger, had not Monsieur Overkirk opposed himself against a daring captain, that was just ready to charge the Prince with a full career, laying him dead on the place. The horse all this while were lookers on, not being able to advance into the narrow passages and steep descents, so that all the weight lay on the foot and dragoons ; night coming on, the Duke of Luxemburg drew oiF in great silence and confusion, leaving to his Highness, as certain marks of victory, the field of battle, his tents, baggage, wounded men, store of powder, and other ammunition. The States General appointed commissioners to congratulate his Highness for this victory, gained with so much reputation and glory, beseeching him withal to be careful of his illustrious per- son, considering the tranquillity of his country, and the repose of the church and Protestant religion depended so much thereon. The very day this memorable battle was fought, the peace between the Dutch and, French was signed at Nimegen, of which intelli- gence was brought to his Highness the next morning, who would else have pursued the advantages he had gained to the full relief of the town, having already, in spite of so many disadvantages from an army so suddenly drawn together, and so hasty a march as that of the Dutch, taken divers posts, fortified with so much skill and industry by the French, and attacked them with a resolution and vigour that at first surprized them, and after an obstinate and bloody fight so disordered them, that though the night prevented the end of the action, yet it was verily believed, that if tne Prince had been at libert}^ next day to pursue it, with seven or eight thou- sand English, which were ready to join his army, he must, in all appearance, not only have relieved Mons, but made such an im- pression into France, as had been often designed, but never at- tempted, since the war began ; upon which, a trench officer present said, " That he esteemed this the only heroic action that had been done in the whole course and progress of it." The Prince having received advice of the peace, sent a deputy with the news to the Duke of Luxemburg, who desired to see the Prince, and accordingly met him in the field, in the head of his chief officers, where all civilities passed between them proper for the occasion; and the French with great curiosity crowded about this yoqng Prince, who had, the day before en^ged in such a desperate action as that of St. Dennis was esteemed to be; so that his Highness could not have \ HOUSE OF ORANGE. 4S ended the war with greater glory '^..^^Jl^^bftl^e'^u^^^^^^^ such a CTeat occasion wrested out of his hand by tne *r. ^ ,. /i" unex^cS 'i-ning of the peace, which he had assured himselt the StaterGeneral wotld not hkve consented to without the Spaniards; vet ur^n the certain news of it, he drew back h.s army, returned {o^he Wue! and left the State's to pursue the.r own measures m order to finish the treaty betwixt France and Spam. . . „„^„- DuriU which, the King of England sent over a person of honour to ?hrStlt:s'Se'ne'Jll, to fcqua-'^Il- »»T ™rvtlr?4:reren at the news of their signing a particular ^'^^^/^j.^^^I'/J^^j^JVef^^^ without the inclusion of Spain : declaring, that f they «o»»*^^^";j3 To ratify what their ministers had signed at Nimegen his maje^ J would immediately declare war against France, and cany >t «" wUh and tL P ince c^^^^ " That nothing was ever more ho and cold nor any councL eve? more unsteady than those of England sh ce if this ^dispatch had come twenty days before, it might haN e hanged tie fac'e of affairs in Christendom and have obh^^^^^^^^ 1 Vpnch to such terms of peace, as should have lett the wona in Quiet for many years to come, but would now have no effect at all ; people and parliament, who were much disturbed at the trear^e^^^^ Sesi-ns of our court, in promoting the P^P'^h and French interest and thereby forcin- the Dutdi to comply with that King, almost uDon hT7wnTerSs; and therefore to divert the humour, King Cles p^^ended to be in earnest for engaging in a war against France which for some time hindered the rat?fi«ition of the treaty LrFn^lTsh forces were daily transported into Flanders, as if the warwefe redW t^ have bee^ carried «n, which encouraged th^ tTat were affainst the peace in HoUand, and oa^ioned the Spa- iuidnrus^rir utmo^st endeavours *« P-jrell'^/erL"^ Rut the French King be ng unwilling to lose the great advaniages he^ha?:btaTnedby tKis tre^, -olyed to remov^U d.fficd^^^^ and satisfy the states in their demands : yea, »>f.°Xhf^iffe.e^^^^ sadors to the Hague, with full authority to ^^^^ ?J^ ^^^^/^^^^^^^^ about the treaty" with Spain and l^i'^^^.^fl *^J^f'' i„e^^^^^^^^ which raised in the States such a good opinion of the s^n^enty «l tnai King's proceedings, that they quickly adjusted all matters m con G * 44 THE HISTORY OF THE test between the two crowns ; so that the treaty was signed Septem- ber 20, 1678. The other confederates, as the Emperor the King of Denmark, the Duke of Brandenburg, &c. were ver^' much enraged that they were left to treat singly with their potent enemy, who de- manded very severe conditions from them : so that the ratification of the treaty with Spain being hereby delayed, the French King to auicken it, sent Marshal de Humieres with a great army into Flan- ers, plundering and burning all before them, and putting these countries under contribution with so much fury and insolence, that the common people complained heavily of the calamities and miseries which they undeservedly suffered by the slowness of the Spanish councils ; so that at length both the Spaniard and Emperor were obliged to comply with the offers of France, who else threatened in a few days to make the terms much higher. The other Princes, though they very much resented this sudden conclusion of a peace at such disadvantage, yet knowing their own inability, were ft)rced to be contented to make a separate peace fur themselves. The King of England observing that he could not hinder it, sent his pleni- potentiaries again to Nimegen, to sign the general treaty ; but in the interval, some new pretences arising between the Spaniards and French, the States General were very diligent to compose them, the transactions being seldom managed; by them but in the presence of his Highness the Prince of Orange, whose prudence was still con- sulted in matters of the greatest difficulty ; he himself discovering an extraordinary generosity, that while others preferred points of ho- nour before the public peace, his Highness quitted his own interest in postponing his demands for reparation of the devastations in his own estates and territories, so as not to impede the tranquillity of his country, many of his lands being ruined and destroyed in the Spanish Netherlands, and other adjacent parts; of which, and se> veral other injustices, in seizing upon his large possessions in other places, though the provinces of Guelderland, Zealand, and Utrecht, made loud complaints against the French in his Highnesses behalf, yet could the Prince obtain no satisfaction ; but the States and their subjects being quite tired out with the war, the general peace was signed in January, 1678: and the English mediators were called home by that King, who was fully egiployed at home about the matter of the Popish plot, which both houses of parliament, and the generality of the nation believed to be real, though the King and «ome of the court credited no more of it than what themselves were HOUSE OF ORANGE. .45 concerned in, and the Prince of Orange at ^^^^J ^i^e^t^}^. minister " That he had reason to be confident that the King >vasa Roman Catholic, though he durst not profess it. Thus Europe, for the present, was left in a general peace, though the French King soon after made such shameful pretences to the de- pendencies upo^n his late conquests, both ,n Fl^n^e^^^^d ^er- many, that he gained more after the peace than by his arm=. in the wan^no Prince^r state being either M'iUing or ab e to oppose him Therein These disputes beglin in 1681, and continued some years, at which time that l^inglike^vise began to raise y^^Xj^T^n^- against his own Protestant subjects proceeding fr«°? /.^%Pf,fCw; nlss and ingratitude peculiar to Louis XIV. ; for it is well known th^ for tKgnal services which they performed to Henry IV. hi grandfather, iS asserting the rights of the crown against the Pa- ^ sts, who >;ere then in ?ebellio? against him, that g-at Prin-^^^ acknowledgment thereof, confirmed to them an ^^'^^J^'/^^^^^ exercise of their religion, which was called the edict otJNantz, wheX they were to^enjoy all liberties and privileges both m re- hSs and civil matters,'' and to be as capable of alf offices and em- pfovments as his other subjects. This he declared should be mvio- ffie and it was accordingly confirmed both by his son Louis XIII. and likewiJe by the present King, upon a very remarkable occasion ; for he S- very young when he ascended the throne, the P"nce of cLdc sooS 2Ir LJ a civil war in the kingdom against him, but the Protestants, by their unshaken loyalty to him, defeated the de- slnfot- his enemiis, and settled that crown upon his head which he ^a?s this day, of which eminent service he seemed to be so sens^We that in 1652 he made a public declaration of it at St. Germain ^, •Ind every one endeavoured to exceed in proclaiming the rnents of the Prote^stants, the Queen Mother herseffacknowled^igtha^^^^^ had preserved the state : butsince by the maxims of the R«^an re lition no faith is to be kept with heretics, the Jesuits and ministers of state endeavoured to [nstil into the King's mind this treacherous notion, that since the Protestants were so potent to advance the Kin-, they might likewise, upon another occasion, remove hnn agafn Torn tliis infernalVeasoning, without their having gven ?he kast umbrage or suspicion of drsloyalty, it was resolved they must be suppressed and ruined. ,,, , • „ 41.0 Pm- Therefore, so soon as the kingdom was settled in P«f ^' *»»^ P[,^^ testnnt towns of Rochel, Montauban, &c. which had hened he greatest zeal for the King's service, were plundered by the solcJiei 46 THE HISTORY OF THE and otherwise impoverished ; then their churches and exercises of religion were prohibited them, under false pretences that they ex- ceeded the grants allowed them : yea, in matters of law, religion was urged by the advocates at the instigation of the priests, so that they cried out, " 1 plead against a heretic, an enemy to the state and to the King's religion, whom he would have to be de- stroyed ;" so that the judge dared not do them justice, for fear of being counted a favourer of heretics, and upon complaint they were told, " You have your remedy in your own hands, why do not you turn Catholics?'' This was succeeded by processes throughout the kingdom, to inquire what the Protestants had said or "done for twenty years past about religion or other matters, and their being no want of perjured villains to swear what was absolutely false, the judges, though sensible of it, encouraging them therein, the prisons were soon tilled, and many innocent and virtuous persons were whipped and sent to the galfies for slaves : next they were deprived of all public office and employments, contrary to an express article in the edict of Nantz; yea, were forbid to exercise several arts and trades for maintaining their families. This was in 1669; and in 1680 all lords and gentlemen were commanded to discharge their Protestant officers and servants ; nay, they would not suffer Protestant midwives to do their office, but ex- pressly ordained, that no woman should receive any assistance in that condition but from Popish midwives ; and to consummate their miseries they were forbid, under severe penalties, to go out of I< ranee to get their bread in other countries, whereby they were under the horrible necessity of perishing for hunger in their own : they laid severe taxes upon them, raising the sum from forty or fifty livres to seven or eight hundred, and quartered dragoons upon them till it was paid : then an edict was published, that children of seven years old should abjure their religion, forcing their parents to give them allowances beyond their abilities, taking them away, and suf- fering them to see them no more ; even persons of the best quality were thus used: Protestant schoolmasters were prohibited, and three universities suppressed, though absolutely granted by the edict of Nantz : Papists were forbid to inarrv Protestants, or ministers to hinder people, directly or indirectly, from turning Papists. These and a multitude of other cruel and barbarous oppressions they groaned under, when the Elector of Brandenburgh being pleased to interceed on their behalf, the King assured him " He was very well satisfied with the behaviour of his Protestant subjects, and HOUSE OF ORANGE. 47 I that so lonff as he lived no wrong should be done them ; and yet at tip same ^fsrantf with his usual fincerity, he gave orders for derno- ithinTseieral o} their churches and shutting up others, impn^omug thei^ liSers, and using divers manifest injustices against those he ''tt'L'::^eof the persecuted P^^ple^f^eir^^^en to their studies in security but mis p Lieutenant-General, '"""^VlilJv^^^^^ city, and that he "'ilv TL hHooKirlilo 1^^^^^^^^ SKry guests, who were said nestly, *« *^ *'*\^^^"^5 ""a U TheTrince, having news to have already ^^^lated several virui ^ , ^^each of hereof, represented their case to he Staje^^^^^^^^ the last peace, ^^'""S ^^^J /^^^^^^^^^^^^^ and to demand repa- Z^:^c^^mZ^^^^^^^ up^n concluding ageneral contrary to the faith of t'^f »f p*"„.i^!f^rt, that as to the money only have this an^.^^f ^^f «> **>?, ^'^^^^ the King's order, extorted from the '^^^^'^^''^,^.^^\^^^^ sub- and he had commanded rf.«t»*»^|;«"J^X^^^ w^thdrawn his mission of the people o his ^^.^i^^^Xed free c^^^^^ to the in- forces out of th^.P""*^*^^'.^'^^^^^^^ he had reason habitants according to their desires , ana lui iu for what he had done. 48 THE HISTORY OF THE After the peace was concluded, his Hi<>;hness applied himself to reform the government of Utrecht and other towns, and likewise to concert matters with the States General for the future securitj of his country against the treacheries and false pretensions of France ; the Prince being usually present in the principal debates of the as- sembly, both as to peace and war, who always appeared no less prudent and vigilant to prevent disorders at home than to repel fo- reign hostility. In July, 1681, his Iligiiness came over into Eng- land, and arriving at Whitehall dined at Sir Stephen Foxe's, and then went to Windsor, where the court then was, and having conti- tinued here about ten days, returned back to Holland. In the interval of atlairs, his Highness retired to Oiercn, or Soestdyke, to divert himself, and at other times made progresses to take a review of the frontier towns belonging to the state, who, in 1682, had ordered the towns of Bred.i, Grave, and Naarden to be strongly fortified, and it was proposed, in the assembly of the States, to raise sixteen thousand men and incorporate them with the old regiments, and to add a new squadron of twenty-four men of war, both to prevent any sudden insults of the French upon their territories, and to assist the Spaniards, if they should conunit any acts of hostility, which was much to l)e suspected, considering the shameful pretensions that King set up of dependencies in the Spa- nish Netherlands. In 1682 the Marquis of Grana was made Governor of Flanders, of which he gave notice to the States General and the Prince, and soon after his Highness had an interview with the Marquis l>etween Breda and Antwerp, where they entered into conferences about their future managements of affairs : his Highness likewise visiting the fortified places in Flanders belonging to the States, being accompa- nied by the Princess, who was received with all kind of respect and splendor by the cities of Brussels, Anttverp, &c. About this time the Count de Avaux, the French Ambassador, arriving at the Hague, put in a memorial to the assembly of the manner how he expected to receive audience, but the States replied, that the things which he desired were wholly new and never practised be- fore, and therefore they could in nowise comply with them; where- upon his audience was put off till he was willing to receive it upon the former terms. In November this year, the Envoy of Moscovy came to wait upon the Prince, then at Soestdyke, to gfve an account that the great Czar was dead, and that the two Princes now reign- ing were advanced to the throne. HOUSE OF ORANGE. In the end of 1683, the King of Spain being no longer able to suffer the continual invasions of the French upon his cities and towns in Flanders, and his cruel treatment of his subjects for not paying unjust and unreasonable contributions, he proclaimed war a^inst him both by sea and land, and ordered all the effects of the French merchants in his dominions to be seized, and sent to the States Greueral to assist him in this just defensive war, who there- upon concluded to raise a considerable force, both for his aid and their own security, and accordingly his Highness gave out several commissions, and sent eight thousand men toward Flanders. la the mean time the French King, according to his usual method, having ordered great detachments to be sent from all the conquered places toward v alenciennes, in April, 1684, he himself, accompa- nied by the dauphin and dauphiness, came from Paris thither. The Prince was very desirous to have perfected the new levies, and to have marched at the head of them to oppose him, but the obstinacy of Amsierdara and some other towns, which refused to allow their cj^uota for maintaining them, prevented his Highness's worthy de- signs. The French King having mustered his army between Conde and Valenciennes, he immediately invested the city of Luxemburg, and though the governor made a very notable defence, and the French lost a considerable number of men, yet the greatness of their army, which was posted so as to prevent any relief, at length obliged the town to capitulate, and on the 7th ot June following it was surrendered upon articles ; and soon after, a truce bein^ made with Spain, they were forced to suffer the loss of this city with the same temper as they had done many before. And as the French King continued thus tyrannically to injure his neighbours, so he treacherously proceeded to exercise horrid cruel- ties upon his own Protestant subjects, for though he had resolved upon their destruction, ^et at the same time he declared, that he had not the least intention to infiringe the edict of Nantz, and ac- cordingly, in 1684, he absolutely concluded to cancel and make void that edict, and to banish all the ministers out of the kingdom, and several young priests were sent about the country to inflame the mobile against the Protestants ; and it was declared in print, " That the Catholic i&ith must be planted by fire and sword, al- leging the example of a King of Norway, who converted the nobles ofhis country by threatening them to slay their children before their eyes, if they would not consent to have them baptized and to be baptized themselves." The Protestants were very sensible of H / 50 THE HISTORY OF THE the miscliiefs designed against them, and exposed their grievances to the King with all humility and submission, which produced no other effect upon his tyrannical temper than to hasten their destruc- tion by open force and violence, in so terrible a manner as is scarce to be paralleled. At first they quartered troops of bloody and despe- rate dragoons upon them, who loudly bellowed, " That the King would no longer suffer any Protestants in his kingdom, and that they must resolve to change their religion, or else to suffer the ut- most cruelty that could be inflicted upon them ;" to which these in- nocent souls replied, " That they were ready to sacrifice their lives and estates for the King's service, but their consciences being God's, they could not, in the same manner, dispose of them." This answer did but enrage their hellish adversaries, so that they first seized their goods, and then fell upon their persons, inflicting: all the bar- barities imaginable to induce them to renounce their religion. They hung up men and women by the hair of the head, or by the feet, within their chimnies, smoaking them with wisps of wet straw ; they threw them into great fires, and plucked them thence half roasted ; they tied them on the rack, and poured wine down their throats till the fume had deprived them of their reason, and then made them say they would be Catholics : they stripped them stark naked, and larded them all over with pins from head to foot ; they kept them from sleeping seven or eight days and nights together; they tied parents to bed-posts, and ravished their daughters before their eyes ; they plucked off the nails from the hands and toes of others, with the most intolerable pain ; and after these, and a thousand other horrid indignities, if they refused to abjure their religion, they threw them into close, dark, and stinking dungeons, exercising upon them all sorts of inhumanity ; and yet, after all these bar- barous usages, they compelled those wretched people, who had not courage and constancy enough to persist in the faith, and therefore turned Catholics, or new converts, as they called them, to acknow- ledge, " That they had embraced the Roman religion of their own accord," and had the impudence to declare, even against the evi- dence of millions of witnesses, " That force and violence had no share in the conversions, but that they were soft, calm, and volun- tary, and that if there were any dragoons concerned therein, it was because the Protestants themselves desired them, that they might have a handsome pretence to change their religion." In the mean time their houses were demolished, their lands destroyed, their woods cut down, and their wives and children seized and put into HOUSE OF ORANGE. 91 monasteries; and an edict was published for plucking down all the Protestant churches in the kingdom, and all for promoting the Ca- tholic religion. Yea, the mischief did not terminate here, for the French King, being too potent to be resisted by the Duke of Savoy, he compelled that Prince to publish an edict, for prohibiting the poor Waldenses and Vaudois to exercise their religion on pain of death, and being assisted with a great number of French troopg under Monsieur Gatinat, the soldiers committed the like violences and barbarities against them as they had done in France. His Highness the Prince of Orange highly disapproved of these proceedings, and was a silent mourner for the miseries of the Pro- testant church, which now seemed to be threatened more than ever, for King Charles II. dying in February, 1685, the Duke of York succeeded him, who instantly declared himself a Roman Catholic; and on the JOth of June following the Duke of Monmouth landed, with one hundred and fifty men, al Lime, in Dorsetshire, declaring, « That he had taken arms for the defence and vindication of the Protestant religion, and of the laws, rights, and privileges of Eng- land, from the invasion made upon them, and for delivering the kingdom from the tyranny of James Duke of York." About the same time the Earl of Argyle, setting sail from the Vlye, m Hol- land, landed in the West of Scotland, publishing a declaration to the same purpose, but either by weakness, or treachery, they were both soon defeated and both beheaded, and a multitude of their followers executed; for which great success King James pub- lished a proclamation for a thanksgiving, and among other expres- sions says, " That northing now remained which could possibly dis- turb the future quiet of his reign ;" in confidence whereof he, with the advice of his Popish counsellors and their adherents, pro- ceeded to commit several open violations upon the laws of the land and the properties of his subjects. , ji x Some time before, his Highness returning from Hounsleyrdike to the Hague, gave audience to several foreign ministers, and parted thence to visit the garrisons of Maestricht, Boisleduck, and other places, and in his return was met by the Princess at Loo, having, in his progress, given all necessary orders for the well governing and strengthening of those places. In December, 1687, the Mar- quis de Albeville, Envoy Extraordinary from the King of England, had audience of his Highness and the Stites of Holland; and about the same time the States, considering the danger that might arise from the great number of foreign Popish priests (notwithstanding u 2 \ 5S THE HISTORY OF THE the intercession of the envoy of the Emperor of Germany on their behalf,) they made a decree, commanding them to retire out of the Netherlands and never to return again, promising a reward of one hundred ducatoons to any that should make discovery, and laying a penalty of six hundred florins upon those that should harbour or con- ce^ any of them, for the first offence, twelve hundred for the second, and corporeal punishment for the third ; whereupon many of them went over into England, where their hopes and expectations of having their religion settled daily increaseci. The King of England being unwilling to afford any assistance to the heretical states, against his dear ally the French King, pub- lished a proclamation in March, 1687, commanding the return of all subjects then in the service of the States General, either by sea or land, with no other allegation, but that the King thought it fit for his service. The States raised some dispute with the Marquis de Albeville about this matter, refusing to let them return into Eng- land, insomuch that the Marquis soon after delivered in a memorial to the States, by express orders from the King, signifying, « That his master was much surprized, to find that their lordships persisted in their resolutions in refusing leave to his subjects to return into England, and that whereas their lordships alleged, that there was nothing so agreeable to nature as that he who was born free should have the right and liberty to settle himself wherever he should think it most advantageous to him, and that it was in his power to be naturalized and become u subject to them under whose sove- reignty he submits his person, and that the government receiving him thereby acquire over him the same right it has over its own proper and natural subjects." The Marquis replied, " That this pretended natural liberty could not subsist after obedience and do- minion had been introduced, so that the rights of sovereignty and obedience were now only to be considered, and that in virtue of those rights it had been the common opinion in all times, that no natural subject could withdraw himself from the obedience he owed to his lawful Prince, from whence it was that the Kings of Great Britain had, in all times, prohibited their subjects to engage in any foreign service, and had recalled them from it, when, and as often as they thought fit." The Marquis further instanced a capitulation made between the Earl of Ossory and his Highness the Prince of Orange, « That in case the King of Great Britain should recal his subjects in the service of the States, they should be permitted to retire ; by virtue of which capitulation, and his reasons alleged, the HOUSE OF ORANGE. 58 Marquis demanded their dismission, from which the King would never depart ; neither was he willing to doubt of their lordship's compliance with it." But it seems few or none were willing, for very few returned, judging it ma;jr be, that they might do more ser- vice where they were, for the interest of their country, than in fighting at home against their own countrymen, and fellow Protest- ants, and as their unwillingness justified the resolution of the States General, so it rendered the endeavours of the Marquis ineffectual ; for the States having disbanded them, the greatest part listed them- selves again under their command, as well officers as soldiers, though the King had ordered the masters and captains of ships and vessels, to give such as would return, free passage, with promise of advancement when they came to England. In May, 1688, the Prince Elector of Saxony, was splendidly en- tertained by his Highness the Prince of Orange, at Honialaerdike : and the next day his Hiffhness accompanied him to Scheveling, where they went on board a small vessel that carried them to a squadron of seventeen men of war, which arrived from Schouvelt under the coainiand of Vice-admiral AUemond, who, upon their approach, sent two light frigates and a shallop to meet them, and they were saluted with the cannon of all the ships : when, having dined on board the Vice-admiral, they returned to Scheveling, and from thence, his Electoral Highness went to visit Delfi, Rotterdam, Dort, Maestricht, Leige, Aix, and Cologne, and so returned home by the way of Frankfort; about which time, the Envoy of Branden- burg acauainted the Prince of Orange and the States with the death of the Elector, his master, a Prince extremely firm to the Protestant interest, and whose death was much regretted by the Protestant Princes and States ; the Prince and States sending a gentleman wiUi compliments of condolence to his son and successor. The King of England having obtained the opinion of his judges, for the dispensing power, soon made use of it; for first he employed Popish officers, and put them into chief command : the Earl of Clarendon being recalled from the government of Ireland, and the Earl of Tvrconnel, a Papist, sent to succeed him, to the great terror of the Protestants of that kingdom. The Earl of CasUemain was sent ambassador to Rome ; an army was raised and mustered at Hounsiow heath ; the Lord Bishop of London was con vented before a new and illegal court of judicature for ecclesiastical affairs, and suspended from his office for refusing to suspend the Reverend Dr. Sharpe, under pretence that he had uttered seditious words in his M THE HISTORY OF THE sermons ; then a declaration was published for liberty of conscience, and suspending all the penal laws in matters of religion, and ac- quitting all persons from taking the oaths of allegiance and supre- macy, both in England, Scotland and Ireland; the Popes nuncio arrived in England, being received with much respect by the King, and dined with the King and the Lord Mayor at Guildhall ; Popish chapels were erected in several places in London, and other cities and towns in England ; the charters of several corporations that were yet unseized, were now taken away ; these, and divers other illegal preceedings, put the nation into a ferment, and they were enraged at the authors of them ; nay, they do not stop here, for after this the King again renewed his declaration for liberty of con- science, with a peremptory order, to command all the clergy to read it in their several churches and chapels throughout the kingdom, and that the Bishops should distribute them throughout their several dioceses ; but the rigorous proceedings against the Lord Bishop ot London, the last year, and against the Vice-chancellor of Cambridge, and the fellows of Magdalen College in Oxford, this year, were such evident breaches of his indulgence to tender consciences, that it gave still greater dissatisfaction to the nation, and portended some sudden alteration; the Vice-chancellor of Cambridge being deprived of his office, andsuspended of his headship, for refusing to admit one Alban Francis, abenedictine monk, to be master of arts, without taking the oaths, by virtue of the dispensing power, though contrary to the statutes which he had sworn to maintain ; and the fellows of Mag- dalen College in Oxford, being twenty-six in number, for refusing to admit one Farmer, a scandalous Popish priest, to the president- ship of that college : and electing Dr. Hough, were pronounced guilty of disobedience to his Majesty's commands, and deprived and expelled from their respective fellowships ; and the Bishops judging that their distributing the declaration would be an owning and asserting the King's assumed dispensing power, and foreseeing the pernicious consequences thereof, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and six others, drew up a petition in behalf of themselves, and their brethren, setting forth the reasons why they could not comply there- with : this was so ill resented by the King and his Popish counsellors, that the petition was judged tumultuary, and all the seven Bishops were committed prisoners to the Tower ; and now the Jesuits acted their master-piece of policy, as they imagined, though it proved very fetal to them : for knowing that the King grew old, and that on his life the hopes of restoring their religion depended, since the •SfWsWWSt,'* .>eiI»r'e»W!-.i-c« HOUSE OF ORANGE. 53 heir apparent was a Protestant, who would soon rum all their machinations. They resolved if possible to advance a Popish succes- sor! and thereby ensure Popery and slavery to the nation; here- upon! they raised! a report some time before, that the Queen was Xh child, though the people did not believe it, and several Woons ^ere Jde upon*That subject ; and the Bishops being now seciLd, this was thought the proper time for the Queen to fall m labour, and accordingly, June 10, 1688, it was published, that she was delivered of a Prince, for which the King ordered all signs of rejoicing to be made, and a day of thanksgiving was appointed ; as beinff a thing of mighty consequence for advancmg the Catholic caTsf- though the joy was somewhat abated by the acquittol of the seve^ Bishops, five''days after, who being triecTat the King's Bench bar were brought in not guilty: at which, the people yea, the King^ own army at Hounsfow heath, shouted for joy, to the severe mortification of the court. .. The Kinff having declared that he intended to call a parliament to turn his Seclaration of liberty of conscience into a law, and like- wise to abrogate all the penal laws and tests, both against the Dis- Centers and^B^man Catholics, the Jesuits had a great desire to sound the intentions and thoughts of their Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Orange, upon that subject; to which purpose Mr. James Steward undertook to write a letter to pensionary Fagel, not without the knowledge and approbation ot the King, which occasioned Minheer Fagers answer to this effect : « That their Highnesses had often declared, as they did more particularly to the" Marquis Albeville, his Majesty s envoy extra- Sary to the States; Aat it is their opinion, that no Christian ought to be persecuted for his conscience, or l>e ill-used because he dK from the public and established religion ; and therefore, they could be Content that even the Papists in England, Scodand, and Ireland might be suffered to continue m their religion with as much li^rtv as^ a^^^^ them by the States of the United Provinces; and as fo7the Protestant dissenters, their Highnesses did not only con- sent, but heartily approve of their having an entire liberty, for the full exercise of thiir religion without any trouble or hindrance. That their Highnesses were ready, in case his Majesty of England should desire it, to declare their willingness to concur in the settling and confirming this liberty, as far as itlay in them : and were ready, rfdesiVed'to concur in repealing the liws, orovided always that those laws remain still in their full force and vigour, whereby the 56 THE HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF ORANGE. 57 Roman Catholics are excluded out of both houses of parliament, and out of all public employments, ecclesiastical, civil, and military, as likewise all those other laws which confirm the Protestant re- ligion, and which secure it against all the attempts of the Roman Catholics. But that their Highnesses could not agree to the repeal- ing of the tests, or those penal laws that tend to the security of the Protestant religion, since the Roman Cati>olic8 receive no other prejudice from these than the being excluded from the parliaments or from public employments : and that by them the Protestant reli- gion is covered from all the designs of the Roman Catholics against it, or against the public safety, and neither the tests, nor those other laws can be said to carry in them any severity against the Roman Catholics, upon account of their consciences, they being only pro- visions qualifying men to be members of parliament, or to be capable of bearing offices, by which, they must declare before God and man that they are for the Protestant religion ; so that all this amounts to no more than a securing the Protestant religion from any prejudice that it may receive from the Roman Catholics. That their Highnesses have thought and do still think, that more than this ought not be asked nor expected from them : since, by this means, tne Roman Catholics and their posterity, would be for ever secured from all troubles in their persons and estates, or in the exercise of their re- li|^on; and that the Roman Catholics ought to be satisfied with this, and not to disquiet the kingdom because they cannot sit in parliament, or to be in employment ; or, because those laws, wherein the security of the Protestant religion chiefly consists, are not re- pealed, by which they may be in condition to overturn it ; that their Highnesses also believed, that the Dissenters would be for ever satisfied when they should be for ever covered from all danger of being disturbed or punished for the free exercise of their religion, under any pretence whatsoever." This was the substance of the letter written by that great minister of state, as discovering the just sentiments of their Highnesses, which did no ways please the Papists, who had high expectations of carrying all before them ; and therefore, Mr. Steward, in his second letter to the f>ensioner, awhile after, says, "That the court was quite beyond it, and had taken other measures ;" and what they were, soon after appeared : namely, to defeat their royal High- nesses of their just interest and right to the succession of the crown, by pretending that the Queen was delivered of a Prince of Wales, But the nobility and gentry of England beholding the deplorable state of the nation, and foreseeing the subversion of their ancient laws, and established religion to be designed by him who had largely promised the protection of both ; and at the same time, seeing Popery and arbitrary power hovering over their heads, and ready to seize on their liberties and properties, and that both were designed to be perpetuated and entailed upon them and their posterity, by a succession of Popish Princes : Mrs. Cellier having declared in print, before the pretended birth, that it would be a Prince, and that the Queen would likewise bring forth a Duke of York, and a Duke of Gloucester ; afler several consultations whither to fly for succour, at length, they resolved to apply themselves to his Highness the Prince of Orange, to whose illustnous family it had been an inherent glory for some ages, to relieve the distressed, and support the Pro- testant cause ; his Highness, they saw, inherited all the surpas- sing qualities of his ancestors : their matchless prudence, justice, courage, their truth, and magnanimity, and besides all these excel- lent endowments, they were well assured of the feir title he had to the crown itself; to him, therefore, the Lords, spiritual and tempo- ral, with a great number of the chiefest gentry; of the kingdom, make their application, and in an humble memorial represent their grievances to their Highness to this effect : " That their Highnesses cannot be ignorant, that the Protestants of England, who continue true to the government and religion, have been many ways troubled and vexed by many devices and machinations of the Papists, carried on under pretence of ro^al authority, and things required of them unanswerable before God and man; several ecclesiastical benefices of churches taken from them, without any other reason given than the King's pleasure ; themselves summoned and sentenced by commissioners, appointed contrary to express law, deprived of their free choice of magistrates ; divers corporations dissolved ; the legal security of their religion and liberty established by King and parliament, abolished and taken away by a pretended dispensing power ; new and unheard-of maxims broached, that subjects have no right, but what is founded and de- rived from the King's will and pleasure ; the mUitia put into the hands of persons unqualified by law, and a Popish mercenary army maintained in the kingdom in times of peace, directly contrary to law ; executing of ancient laws against several crimes and mis- demeanors obstructed and prohibited, and the statutes against cor- re-snonding with the court of Rome, against Papal jurisdictions, and 5$ THE HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF ORANGE. 59 Popish Priests suspended in the courts of justice ; those judges dis- E laced, who acquit any whom the court would have condemned, as appened to the judfi^es Holloway and Powcl, for acquitting the aeven Bish<^s ; the ^ee choice of members of parliament wholly taken away, notwithstanding all the care and provision made by the law in that behalf, by the Quo Warrantors against charters, and proposing ensnaring auestions ; all things leveUed at the pro- Eagation of Popery, for wnich the courts of England and France ave now for a lon^ time so strenuously bestirred themselves ; en- deavours and practices used to persuade their Highnesses to consent to the abolishing the penal laws and tests, (though herein disap- pointed.) The Queen's being with child first proclaimed, and divulged by Popish Priests, and in the sequel thereofj a child pro- duced without any clear proof or evidence of sufficient and unsus- pected witnesses : besides that, it cannot be believed that the said child was ever born of the Queen, by reason of her known sickness and indisposition, and many other arguments, as not being con- firmed by any certain foregoing signs of conception : the place of her lyin^ in being often changed, and her pretended delivery cele- brated in the absence of the Princess of Denmark, and while the English ladies were at church, in a bedstead which was provided with a convenient passage in the side of it, by which means the child was conveyed to the Queen by the ladies L'Abadie and Teurarier ; that these be matters left to the discretion of a free parliament, and that in the name of your Highnesses, and the whole nation, the Queen may be desired to prove the real birth of the pretended Prince of Wales, by a competent number of credible witnesses of both sexes ; or in case of a failure herein, that the reports of any such birth may be suppressed for the time to come. That they humbly crave the protection of their Highnesses in this natter, as well as with respect to the abolition and suspension of the laws made to maintain the Protestant religion, their civil rights, fundamental liberties, and free government ; and that their Highnesses would be pleased to insist that, besides the business of the child, the government of England according to law may be restored; the laws against Papal iurisdiction. Priests, &c. be put in execution: the suspending and dispensing power be declared null and void, and the privileges of the city of London, free choice of magistrates, and all the other liberties, as well of that as other corporations, be restored and maintained." Their Highnesses with no less willingness than generosity, and out of their zeal for the Protestant religion, and compassion of the oppressed, listened to their complaints. And his Highness well weighing the justness of their requests, and the reality of their f grievances, instantly began to take measures in order to their de- iverance. And soon after, his Highness went to meet the Elector of Brandenburg, and some other Princes and noblemen of Germany, at Minden, which so alarmed the French Kin^, that Monsieur D'Avaux, his ambassador, presented a memorial to the States General, intimating, that the King, his roaster beinff informed of the motions and conferences that were made and held towards the frontiers of Cologne, against the Cardinal of Furstemburgb and the Chapter, he was resolved to maintain the Cardinal and their privileges, against all those who should go about to trouble them ; but herein, the politics of King Lewis failed him, his Highness the Prince of Orange managing his afiairs with such an exact secrecy, that neither the King, nor his sagacious council could penetrate into the design, till it was upon the point of execution, and out of danger of being defeated. For upon his Highnesses return from that conference at Loe, orders were given for drawing the forces the States had raised for his Highness s assistance, and encamping them upon the Mocker Hyde, and the forces of those other Princes, whom his Highness had engaged to aid him in this glorious expedi- tion, had orders to be upon their march, as those of Brandenburg, Hesse-Cassel, &c. And the States General assembled at the Ha^ue, where his Highness was present, and their debates and consultations having been kept very private for some days, at length they pub- lished the following manifesto : " That the States had resolved with their ships and men to assist the Prince of Orange, who being invited by the reiterated impor- tunities of the nobility and gentry of England, to oppose that arbitrary government, which his Britannic Majesty is designing to introduce into that kingdom, has fully determined to go over to that country, as well for that reason as to save the English religion, which his Majesty has also resolved to destroy ; both which enter- {>rises being so contrary to the laws of God and man, and particu- arly of those of the kingdom of which they threatened the utter subversion ; the Prince of Orange, instigated by the motives of his own innate piety, which will not permit him to suffer the ruin of religion, nor the overturning of so fair a kingdom, has resolved to call a free parliament, &c. for which reasons, and because the design i2 1 \ 60 THE HISTORY OF THE of the Kinr of England is manifestly apparent by the strict alliance which he has contracted with the most Christian King, who bears no good-will to the United Provinces, and whose proceedings are justfy therefore by them to be suspected; so that if his Britannic Majesty should be suffered to become absolute in his dominions, the United Provinces could no longer be in security ; and therefore, it being their interest that the fundamental laws of that kingdom, and the English religion should be preserved, they hoped that God would bless the Prince of Orange with happy success. ' King James, though at first he would not believe that the vast E reparations in Holland concerned him, though the French King ad given him notice of them, some time before, was now fully con- vinced thereof by this manifesto : and all of a sudden the bells began to ring backward at Whitehall, and the first news we heard of their ^sturbance was a proclamation, September 28, 1688, by which it was intimated, " That the Kin^ had received undoubted intelli- gence, that a great and sudden invasion from Holland was to be speedily made in an hostile manner upon this kingdom, under the false pretences of liberty, property and religion : but that an ab- solute conquest of his kingdoms, and the subduing him and his dominions to a foreign power, &c. However, relying upon the ancient courage, faith, and allegiance of his people, as he had formerly ventured his life, for the honour and safety of the nation, so he was now resolved to live and die in defence thereof, against all enemies whatsoever, &c." After this, the Kin^ published a proclamation of general pardon, with some few exceptions ; restored the injured gentlemen of Oxford and Cambridge to their rights ; dissolved the ecdesiastical commissions ; vacated the Quo Warranto against the city of London, and issued forth a proclamation for restoring all corporations to their ancient charters, liberties, rights, ancL franchises ; in short, he undid almost in one day, all that he had been doing since his first coming to the crown. Yet such was the folly of the Romish party, in the midst of this consternation, that the show of the Prince of Wales still went on, and October 15, the child was christened : the Pope represented by his nuncio, being godfather, and the Queen dowager, godmother ; and two days after, the King, to secure his territories, commanded his lord and deputy-lieutenants, and all other ofiicers concerned, to cause the coasts to be strictly guarded, and that upon the first ap- proach of the enemy, all the oxen, horses, and cattle, which might \' \ HOUSE OF ORANGE. 61 be fit for draught, should be driven twenty miles from the place where the enemy should attempt to land. t-i r u- October 22, tL King commanded a particular assembly of his priVy council, and sentlbrall such peers, spiritual and temporal, as were in town, together with the Lord Mayor and aldermen of the city of Londo'n, the judges, and several of his council learned in the law telling them,**" That he had called them together upon a very extraordinary oaision, but that extniordinary diseases must haveLtra^rdinary remedies;' that the -/Vicious endeavours of h.s adversaries had so poisoned the minds of some of his subjects, that yery many of them ^did not believe that the child wherew.th God ha/bTesidhim was his, but a supposed child; however he could say, that by a particular providence, scarce «;«»;. ^^j,/,^.^.^^ born where there were so many pei^ons present; t^at he had aken time to have the matter heard and examined expecting that the Prince of Orange, with the first easterly wind, would invade the i^^ "dom and, therefore, as he had often ventured his life for the naFon before he came to the crown, so he thought himself more obSed to do the same being King, and did intend to go against him in person, by which, in rV^d, he might be exposed to various aiSden?s, he therefore thought^t necessary to have this done first r^tisfyhis subjects, and prevent the kingdoms being engaged in blood and confusion after his death. <• „i,:„i. After this, the affidavits of several ladies were produced, of which some swore that they saw milk upon her Majesty's smock (for they dwTnot think fit to mince the matter;) others, that they saw the midwife Vat ?L'child out of the bed; -other, that she st^^^^^^^^^^ the bedside when her Majesty was delivered «fthePnn^, anther mvore that havinff had the honour to put on her Majesty s smocK r saw the QueeL milk; another deposed, that she saj^^^^^^^ in labour, and heard her cry out much; another, that she saw ine miS give the Prince three drops of the blood of the navel- SrinT mifed with black cherry water, with a great deal of other na"Jous stuff Then the afli^avits of the Lords were produced amonrwhom one swore, that he saw Mr^' ^^^^^^ ^""^t" rhi d ?n7o another room, whither he followed her, and saw the child len she fi«t ^^d it, and that it was black and reeking ; another I^vore that he Lw the child, and that it had the marks of being ne>Tborn another, that he heard the Queen make three groans, or sqTeet?;nd"lt li the last of the three the Q^een was d -ered of a child; the physicians swore what was proper, but not ht to oe 62 THE HISTORY OF THE repeated : however, the whole was at length published, to the shame and scandal of all modest eves and ears. " And now my Lords," said the Kin^, after all the depositions were read, " although I did not question but that every person here present was satisfied before, yet, by what you have heard, you will be the better able to satisfy others ; besides, could I and the Queen have been thought so wicked as to impose a child upon the nation, we saw how impossible it would have been ; neither could I myself have been imposed upon, having constantly been with the Queen during her being with child, and the whole time of her labour, and, therefore, there is none of you but will easily believe that 1, who have suffered so much for conscience sake, cannot be capable of so great a villainy, to the prejudice of my own children. 1 thank God that those that know me know well, that it is my prmciple to do as I would be done by, and that I would rather die a thousand deaths than do the least wrong to any of my children." Yet this zealous harangue had but little mfluence upon the gene- rality of the people (with whom the King by his late actions had wholly forfeited his reputation,) who daily discovered, as far as they dared, their longing desires for the arrival of his Highness the Prince of Orange, to deliver them from the apparent mischiefs that impended over the nation. His Highness's preparations for his expedition went on apace, and the Marquis of Albeville, King James's ambassador at the Hague, presented a memorial to the deputies of the States General upon that subject; but while he expected an answer the troops em- barked, and his Highness and the Marshal Schoml>erg came to the Hague, and on Friday, October 16, the fleet consisting of six hun- dred and thirty-five men of war, fire-ships, tenders, &c. for the car- riage of horse, foot, arms, and ammunition, sailed about four m the afternoon from the Flats near the Brill, with the wind at S. W. and by S. The Prince embarked in a vessel of between twenty- ei»ht and thirty guns, with Count Solmes, Count Stirum, thcSieur Bentwick, the Sieur Overkirk, Marshal Schomberg, Count Charles his son, with several others, as well English noblemen as strang;ers, who were in the fleet. Next day they came in sight of Schevelmge, but meeting with a very terrible storm, which continued for two days and nights together, was forced to put into harbour again, some ships and small vessels, on which the horse were aboard, suf- fering some prejudice. Upon their return the Prince immediately gave an account to the States General of the condition of the fleet, HOUSE OF ORANGE. 6S \ which was not so much damaged as was published in the English Gaitte, but rather turned to the advantage of his Highness as the affair was managed ; for to make the English court more remiss in S prep^i^tiTs, the Haarlem and Amsterdam Gazettes told a mosi Stable .iory of what had happened, « As thaUhe^^^^^^^^ was returned, with his fleet so miserably torn and shattered, that he had lost nine of his men of war and several lesser vessels , that one thousand of his horse were utterly lost ; that a f enture was got among the seamen ; that Dr. Burnet and seveml of the Prince s fhief ministers were drowned; and that the States had an i" oP^n>«" of the expedition in general, so that it was a thing almost imi)os- siblTthat the Prince should be in a condition to pursue his design '"^T^r^^i^^^^^'h^d some effect upon the court, for the PapisU> hopes hereupon began so to revive, that the King ordered the re- storing the barter? and the fellowsof Magdalen College; the va. ^ting the ecclesiastical commission, and the other grants which he Sd newly made to be suspended, till he heard the W wasa^m put tosei and thereby made the whole nation sensible how ittle trust or credit was to be given to his most solemn Promises and de- clarations But all hands being at work, the damage that had been Sned was repaired in eight days time, so that on Nov^ember 3, about ten in the morning, upon a signal given, the whole fleet once more set sail. About midnight an advice boat brought intelligence that the English fleet, consisting of thirty-three sail, lay to the westward of the Prince's, upon which the iWe fired a gun which Tused a great consternation through the who e fleet; but the small advice bcmts cruising for more certain intelligence brought news, ?hat histead of the English fleet which had given the alarm it was only Admiral Herbert, with a part of the Dutch fleet which had S for some hours separated from the main body. In the morning the Prince cave a signal for the Admirals to come aboard of him, and s^n affer the fleft was got into the North Forelands, at whjch time the fleet was ordered to close up in a ^^y, four een or fifteen feet deep, his Highness leading the van m the ship called the Brill, Srr^ng a flag wfth English colours, with this motto, " Jhe Pro- Snt ?eligi?n and liberties of England ;" and underneath, « I wi Sain it> In the mean time tSe council of war sent three small frigates into the mouth of the Thames, who, returning, broi^ht nets that the English fleet lay at the buoy in the Oar, about thirty.four sail, the wind contrary at E. N. E. ; upon which the ¥' Gk THE HISTORY OF THE Prince gave orders for stretching the whole fleet between Dover and Calais, seventy-five deep, which extended in breadth within a league of each place, the flanks and rear being guarded by men of war, the trumpets sounding and drums beating at least three hours together; after which, the Prince giving the signal for the fleet to close, they sailed that night as tar as Beachy, and the next morning came in view of the Isle of Wight, and then orders were given to extend the fleet in a line as before. The next morning they made directly for Torbay. Upon his Highnesses arrival, the people, flocking in great numbers to the shore, signified their welcome in loud acclamations of joy. Soon after, the Prince gave two signals for the Admirals to come on board, and then the whole fleet cast anchor, and preparation was made for landing, whilst the Admirals stood out to sea as a guard, and the small men of war attended for the defence of those that landed, besides six men of war that were ordered to run in and guard the bay itself. It is remarkable, that his Highness had a brisk east and north-easterly wind for two days, which brought them directly toward Torbay, and the wind then turning westerly carried them into the bay, which otherwise might have been very troublesome and dangerous. The Prince now displayed a red flag at the mizen-yard arm, while General Mackay, with six regiments of foot, was the first that set foot on shore, under the protection of the Little Porpoise, which was ordered to run herself aground to secure their landing. This was upon November 5, a day memorable to the English be- fore, but now doubly remarkable for a second deliverance from the bloody designs of the Papists. But the people were so far from making opposition, that they only stood there to welcome their guests with all manner of provisions and refreshments; so that his Highness safely landed his whole army, consisting of ten thousand six hundred and ninety-two foot, and three thousand six hundred and sixty horse, in all fourteen thousand three hundred and fifty-two. The news of the Prince's being landed was carried to the Earl of Bath at Exeter, and Captain Hicks going thither, the people flocked to him in great numbers to list themselves in the service of the Prince of Orange, for which the mayor of the city would have sent him to prison, out was prevented by the people ; the next day the Lord Mordaunt with Dr. Burnet came thither, with three or four troops of horse, and commanding the gates to be opened, released the captain, and going to the mayor, asked him if he would wait upon the Prince at his entrance, who pleading his obligation of an \! HOUSE OF ORANGE. 65 oath to King James, and desiring that his conscience might not be imposed on, he was excused. The next day the Prince, with his guards, marched into the city, and went to the Dean's house, where he resided during his stav at Exeter; after whom followed the whole body of his army, who were quartered about Tiverton, Cul- hampton, Hon^ton,^nd other places. The Sunday following his Highness went to the cathedral, where his Highness's declaration ot the reasons inducing him to appear in arms in the kingdom of Lngland, for preserving the Protestant religion, and for restoring the liberties of England, Scotland, and Ireland, was read by Dr! ^»rnetbetore a numerous auditory, the substance whereof was : 1 hat it was certain and evident to all men, that the public peace and happiness of any kingdom and state could not be pre- served, where the laws, liberties, and customs, established by the lawful authority m it, were openly transgressed and annulled, more -especially where the alteration of religion was endeavoured, and a religion contrary to law designed to be introduced, whereas they who were most immediately concerned therein, were indispensably bound to preserve the established laws, liberties and customs, and above all, the religion and worship of God established among them, and to take effectual care that the inhabitants of such state or king- dom might neither be deprived of their religion, nor outed of their civil rights ; more especially, since the greatness of kings, roval tamihes, and all in authority, as well as the happiness of their sub- jects and people, depended in a more especial manner upon an exact observation of those their laws, liberties and customs; upcn which ground, his Highness further declared, that he could no longer forbear to let the world know, how apparently he saw with regret, that they who had then the chief credit with the King, had overturned the religion, laws and liberties of these realms, and sub)ected them m all things relating to their conscience^, liberties and properties, to arbitrary government, and that not only by secret and indirect ways, but in an open and undisguised manner ; that those evil counsellors, for advancing and colouring this with »ome plausible pretences, did invent, and set on foot, the King's disoensing power, by virtue of which they pretend, that according to law, he can suspend and dispense with the execution of the laws that have been enacted by the authority of King and pariiament for the security and happiness of the subject, and to render these laws of no effect, though it is most certain that they cannot be suspended, but by the same authority that made them ; for though the King 66 THE HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF ORANGE. 07 may pardon the punishment of a transgressor in cases of treason and felony, yet it cannot with any colour of reason be thence in- ferred, that he can entirely suspend the execution of those laws, unless he has such an arbitrary power, that the laws, liberties, honours and estates of the subjects, depend wholly upon his good- will and pleasure; and though they have obtained a sentence for asserting this dispensing power to be a right depending on the crown, yet it cannot be imagined that it should be out in the power of twelve judges, to offer up the laws, rights and liberties of the whole nation, to the arbitrary will of the King, especially such as are first advanced, and then threatened to be turned out, it they do not comply therein ; and some Papists who are incapable by law, are made judges. . . « That the King, though known to be a Papist, was yet received and acknowledged by the people to be their King, and did solemnly swear and promise, at his coronation, that he would maintain their laws and liberties, and the church of England, as it was established by law ; and though several laws have been lately made for preserv- in«' their liberties, and the Protestant religion, and to prevent all Papists from being put into any employment : yet, these evil coun- sellors have, in effect, annulled and abolished all those laws, and in direct opposition thereto, have set up an illegal commission for ecclesiastical affairs, in which, one of the Kind's ministers, who is a Papist, sits and acts, though by law incapable of any public em- ployment ; that these commissioners have suspended the Bishop of London, only for refusing to obey an order to suspend a worthy divine, without citation or process; they have turned out the President and Fellows of Magdalen college, without citing them before any legal court, or competent judge, only for refusing to choose for their president, a person recommended bv these evil counsellors, contrary to the right of free election, and contrary to magna charta, " That no man shall lose life or goods, but by the law of the land ;" and afterward, put the college wholly into the hands of Papists. They have cited before them all the chancellors and archdeacons of England, to certify the names of the clergy, who did not read the King's declaration for liberty of conscience, though the reading of it was not enjoined them by the Bishops, who are their ordinaries. These evil counsellors have procured orders for buildin-- several Popish churches, chapels, monasteries, colleges ol Jesuits for corrupting of youth, and raised one to be a privy-coun- sellor and minister of state, contrary to several express laws, by the / a ♦ rules of which they evidently shew that they are no way restrained, and wherein they are served and seconded by these ecclesiastical commissioners. . , . • -i a- • u " They have also followed the same methods m civil attairs, by procuring orders to examine all lord lieutenants, deputy lieutenants, sheriffs, justices of peace, and all others that were ui any public employment, whether they were for taking away the penal laws and tests, and those who in conscience could not comply were turned out, and divers unqualified persons put in their rooms ; they have seized upon the charters of several towns, and procured the surren- der of others, which elect parliament men; and placed new magis- trates, many of them Papists, in divers corporations. They have removed such judges, as would not in all things confonn to their designs, and put in others, whose compliance they disowned before- hand : whereby much blood hath been shed in many places of the kingdom against all the forms and rules of law, without suffering the persons accused to plead in their own defence. They have put the administration of justice into the hands of Papists, though all their sentences are null and void in law, and have disposed of all military employments, in the same manner both by sea and land, to strangers as well as natives, and Irish as well as English, to maintain and execute their wicked designs of enslaving the nation, by their assistance. In Ireland, the whole government is put into the hands of Papists, so that the Protestants through terror, have in great numbers left that kingdom, and abandoned their estates in it, remembering well that cruel and bloody massacre, in 1641. In Scotland, the King has declared himself clothed with such an abso- lute power, as to be obeyed without reserve. " These great oppressions, and open contempts of all laws, being insufferable, have put the subjects under great fears, and to look out for such lawful remedies as are allowed of in all nations ; but to deter them from endeavouring to preserve their lives and estates by petition, or other means authorized by law, these evil counsellors proceeded with all rigour against those that used those methods, particularly the Archbishop of Canterbury, and others, who humbly offering their reasons, why they could not order the declaration ot liberty of conscience to be read in the churches, were sent to prison, and after, tried, as if guilty of some enormous crime, and obliged to appear before professed Papists : and those judges that gave their opinion in their favour were turned out. They have also treated a peer of the realm as a criminal, for saying, that the subjects were /' 6S THE HISTORY OF THE not bound to obey the orders of a Popish justice of peace, because they are put into employments contrary to law. " That his Highness, and his dearest and most beloved consort, the Princess, have signified to the King, in terms full of respect, the just and deep regret these proceedings have given them, and in compliance with his desires have declared their thoughts about repealing the penal laws and tests, whereby they hoped there might have been an happy agreement among the subjects of all persuasions, which yet these evil counsellors have so misrepresented, as to en- deavour to alienate the King more and more from them, as if they designed to disturb the quiet and happiness of the kingdom ; and the last and great remedy for all these evils being the calling of a parliament, for securing the nation against the practices of these evil counsellors, cannot be easily brought about, since by a parlia- ment duly chosen, they doubt to be called to account, for all their open violations of the laws, their plots and conspiracies against the Protestant religion, and the lives and liberties of the subjects, their designing, under the specious pretence of liberty of conscience, to sow divisions among Protestants, and from their mutual quarrels to carry on their own designs, to prevent which, the electors and elected for parliament men, are to be beforehand engaged to comply with their wicked desires, and the returns are to be made by Popish sheriffs, and mayors of towns, so that this only remedy of a free parliament is hereby made impracticable. "And to crown all, there are great and violent presumptions, inducing their Highnesses to believe that these evil counsellors to gain more time to carry on their ill designs for encouraging their accomplices, and discouraging all the good subjects, they have published, that the Queen hath brought forth a son, though there appeared, both during the Queen's pretended bigness, and in the manner in which the birth was managed, so many just and visible grounds of suspicion, that not only their Highnesses, but all the o-ood subjects of this kingdom, vehemently suspect that the pre- tended Prince of Wales was not born ol the Queen ; and since their Highnesses have both so great an interest in this matter, and auch a right, as all the world knows, to the succession of the crown, and since the English nation had ever testified a most particular affection and esteem to them both ; their Highnesses cannot excuse themselves from espousing their interests in a matter of such hiffh consequence, and trom contributing all that in them lies, for the maintaining both of the Protestant religion, and of the laws and w HOUSE OF ORANGE. 69 liberties of those kingdoms, and for securing to them the continual enjoyment of all their just rights : to the doing of which, his Highness is most earnestly solicited by a great many lords, both spiritual and temporal, and by many gentlemen, and other subjects oifall ranks. " Therefore it is, that his Highness hath thought fit to go over into England, and to carry over a force sufficient by the blessing of God to defend him from the violence of those evil counsellors ; his Highness declaring, that this expedition is intended for no other design, but to have a free and lawful parliament assembled as soon as it is possible, and that in order thereto, all the late charters, limiting of elections, contrary to ancient custom, shall be considered as null and of no force, and all magistrates to return to their former employments, and particularly the ancient charter of London, to be again in force ; and none to be suffered to choose or be chosen par- liament men, but those qualified by law : and that the members of parliament so chosen, shall sit in full freedom for making laws to secure the Protestant religion, and to establish a good agreement between the church of England, and all Protestant dissenters ; as also, for the securing and covering of Papists, and all others, who will live peaceably trom all persecution for religion, and for doing all other things, which the two houses of parliament shall find necessary for the peace, honour, and safety of the nation, so that there may be no more danger of the nation's falling at any time hereafter under arbitrary government; to which parliament his Highness will also refer the inquiry into the birth of the pretended Prince of Wales, and of all things relating to it, and to the right of succession. "And his Highness declares, that for his part he will concur in every thing that may produce the peace and happiness of the nation, which a free and lawful parliament shall determine, since his High- ness hath nothing before his eyes in this his undertaking, but the preservation of the Protestant religion, the covering of all men from persecution for their consciences, and the securing to the whole nation the free enjoyment of all their laws, rights and liberties under a just and legal government. "His Highness further declares, that this is the design lie has proposed in appearing upon this occasion in arms ; in the conduct of which, his Highness would keep the forces under his command, under all the strictness of martial discipline, and take a special care that the people of the countries, through which he shall march, shall mmmmmammm \ HOUSE OF ORANGE. 71 '70 THE HISTORY OF THE not suflTer by their means ; and as soon as the state of the nation nill f)erniit it, his Highness promises, that he will send back all those oreign troops that he hath brought along with him ; his Flighness does therefore hope, that all people will judge rightly of his pro- ceedings; though he does chiefly rely on the blessing of God, for the success of this his undertaking, in which he places his whole and only confidence. <' Lastly, his Highness doth invite and require all persons what- soever, all the peers of the realm, both spiritual and temporal, all lords, lieutenants, deputy-lieutenants, and all gentlemen citizens, and other commons of all ranks, to come and assist him, in order to the executing of this his design, against all such as shall endeavour to oppose him ; that so, all those miseries which must needs follow, upon the nation's being kept under arbitrary government and slavery, may be prevented, and that all the violences and disorders, which have overturned the whole constitution of the English govern- ment, may be fully redressed in a free and legal parliament : his Highness likewise resolvin<^, that as soon as the nations are brought to a state of quiet, he will take care that a parliament ihall be called in Scotland, for restoring the ancient constitution of that kingdom, and for bringing the matters of religion to such a settle- ment, that the people may be easy and happy, and for putting an end to all the unjust violences, that have been, in a course of so many years, committed there ; and that his Highness will also study to bring the kingdom of Ireland to such a state, that the settlement there may be religiously observed, and that the Protestant and British interest may be secured, and will endeavour, by all possible means, to procure such an establishment in all the three king- doms, that they may all live in a happy union and correspondence together, and that the Protestant religion, and the peace and happiness of these nations may be established upon lasting foun- dations." Soon after, his Highness published an additional declaration to this effect : " That after he had prepared and printed the former declaration, his Highness understood that the subverters of the religion and laws of the kingdom, hearing of his preparations to assist the people against them, had began to retract some of their arbitrary and despotic powei^, and vacated some unjust judgments and decrees, occasioned by the sense of their guilt, and the distrust of their force, hoping thereby, to quiet the people, and divert them from demand- ing the re-establishment of their religion and laws, under the shelter of his Highness's arms; and do also give out, that his Highness intended to conquer and enslave the nation : though his Highness is confident that no persons can have such hard thoughts of him, as to imagine that he hath any other design in this undertaking than to procure a settlement of religion and of the liberties and properties of the subject upon so sure a foundation, that there may be no dan- ger of the nations relapsing into the like miseries at any time here- after, and as the forces that his Highness brought along with him, are utterly disproportioned to that wicked design of conquering the nation, if he were capable of intending it ; so the great numbers of the principal nobility and gentry that are men of eminent quality and estates, and of known integrity and zeal for the religion and government of England who do accompany, and have earnestly soli- cited his Highness to this expedition, will cover him from all such malicious insinuations; since it cannot be imagined that these should join in a wicked attempt of conquest to make void their own lawful titles to their honours, estates and interests. His Highness is like- wise confident, that all men see how little weight is to be laid on all the promises and engagements that can be now made, since there has been so little regard had to them in times past ; and the imperfect redress that is now offered, as it is a plain confession of the violations of the government, which his Highness hath set forth, so the defect thereof appears, since they lay down nothing but what they can lake up at pleasure, still reserving entire their claims and pretences to that absolute power, which has been the root of all their oppres- sion, and the subversion of the government ; and it is plain, there can be no remedy, no redress but in parliament, by a declaration of the rights of the subjects that have been invaded, and not by any pretended Acts of Grace, to which the extremity of their affairs has driven them ; therefore it is that his Highness Kath thought fit to declare, that he will refer all to a free assembly of this nation in a lawful parliament." His Highness likewise sent the following letter to all the officers and seamen of the English fleet ; * Gentlemen and friends, we have published a declaration, containing a full and true account of our intentions in this expedition ; since it is evident that the Papists have resolved the total extirpation of the Protestant religion in Great Britain, and will infallibly reduce you to the same condition in which you see France, if they can once get the upper hand. You are now at last sensible, that you are made use of only as instru' 72 THE HISTORY OF THE ments to bring this nation under Popery and slavery, by means of the Irish, and other foreigners, that are assembling for your destruc- tion. Therefore we hope that Almighty God will inspire you with such thoughts as may facilitate your deliverance, and preserve you, your country and religion from all these impending miseries. And whereas, in all probability, this can never be effected, unless you join with us, who labour for your deliverance, we do expect your assistance herein : and shall always remember, &c.' The Prince sent a letter also to the King's army to the same purpose, intimating to them, what they might expect both from the cashiering of all the Protestant and English officers and soldiers in Ireland, and by the Irish being brought over to be put in their places, when it should be thought convenient for themselves to be ^turned out; hoping withal that they would not be abused by a false notion of honour, but would consider what they owed to God, their religion and their country, themselves and their posterity, which were to be preferred before all private considerations andt engage- ments whatsoever. Whilst his Highness continued at Exeter, the King seemed very resolute at London to oppose him in person, mustering his army at Hounslow heath, and beating up for volunteers in the streets, thouo^h with little success ; he then sent for the Bishops, whom he had lately so contemptuously used, to advise him what measures to take in this exigency, who accordingly came in a body, and the Archbishop of Canterbury in the name of the rest delivered himself to this effect : « That it was necessary for him to restore all things to the state wherein he found them, when he came to the crown, by committing all offices of trust to those qualified by law, and to redress such grievances as were generally complained ot ; to put an effectual stop to all dispensations, and recal and cancel those which had been obtained of him. To dissolve the ecclesiastical commission, and promise the people never to erect the like for the future. To restore the universities to their legal state, particularly both the Magdalen colleges, and not permit any to enjoy preferment, but those qualified by the statutes of the university and laws of the land. To suppress the Jesuits' schools, and grant no more licenses to such, being appa- rently against law, and his own interest. To send inhibitions alter those four Romish bishops, who under the title of apostolic vicars, presumed to exercise illegal jurisdiction within the kingdom ; to suffer no more Quo Warranto's against corpora tion era! noblemen and others, at St. James's. " We whose names are hereunto subscribed, who have joined with the Prince of Orange, for the defence of the Protestant reli- gion, and for maintaining the ancient government, and the laws and liberties of England, Scotland and Ireland : do engage to Almighty God, to his Highness the Prince of Orange, and to one another, to stick firm to this cause, and to one another in defence of it; and never to depart from it till our religion, our laws and liberties are so far secured to us in a free parliament, that we shall be no more in danger of falling under Popery and slavery. And whereas we are engaged in this common cause, under the protection of the Prince of Orange ; by which means his person may be exposed to dangers, and to the desperate and cursed attempts of the Papists, and other bloody men : we do therefore solemnly engage, both to God and to one another, that if any such attempts are made upon him, we will pursue not only those that make them, but all their 'n % THE HISTORY OF THE adherents, and all that we find in arms against us, with the utmost severities of a just revenge to their ruin and final destruction : and that the execution of any such attempt, (which God of his mercy forbid) shall not divert us from prosecuting this cause, which we do now undertake ; but that it shall engage us to carry it on with all the vigour that so barbarous a practice .;hall deserve." After this, his Highness published a declaration, to command all Papists to depart within three days, out of London and Westminster, and ten miles about, under penalty of suffering the utmost severity of the law ; and about the same time, the country people seized a great number of persons in Kent, and other places, endeavouring to make their escape beyond sea, who were committed to several prisons till further orders. And to shew the readiness and zeal of the people to support his Highness, he had no sooner signified to the city of London, that the necessary expenses he had been at, had near exhausted the public revenues; but that they instantly ordered a committee to attend him, to know what sum might be necessary, and one hundred thousand pounds being named, the generous citizens immediately came to Guildhall, and made subscriptions for three hundred thousand pounds, which was paid in to admiration, within a very few days. Affairs being now in a promising way of settlement in England, let us take a brief view of Scotland, to whom his Highness, before his arrival, had likewise sent a declaration to the same effect with that sent to England, some expressions only being varied according to the different circumstances of both nations ; his Highness declaring, *' That by the influence of those evil counsellors, who designed to render themselves the absolute masters of the lives, honours and estates of the subjects, without being restrained by any rule or law, a most exorbitant power had been exercised in imposing bonds and oaths upon whole shires; in permitting free quarters to soldiers; in imprisoning gentlemen without any reason, forcing them to accuse and witness against themselves ; in imposing arbitrary fines ; fright- ing and harassing many parts of the country, with intercommuning ; making some incur the forfeiture of life and fortune, for the most general and harmless converse, even with their nearest relations, outlawed ; empowerino^ officers and soldiers to act upon the subjects living in quiet, and full peace, the greatest barbarities : in destroy- ing them by hanging, shooting, and drowning them, without any form of law, or respect to age or sex, not giving some of them time to pray to God for mercy ; and this for no other reason, but because HOUSE OF ORANGE. 97 they would not answer or satisfy them in such questions, as they proposed to them, without any warrant of law, and against the common interest of mankind, which frees all men from being obliged to discover their secret thoughts, besides a great many other violences and oppressions, to which that poor nation hath been exposed, without any hope of having an^ end put to them, or to have relief from them. And that the arbitrary and illegal proceed- ings of these evil counsellors might be justified, such a. declaration hath been procured by them, as strikes at the root of the govern- ment, and overturns the most sacred rights of it; in making all par- liaments unnecessary, and taking away all defences of religion, liberty and property, by an assumed and asserted absolute power, to which, obedience is required without reserve, which every good Christian is persuaded is due to God Almighty alone, all whose commandments are always just and good, &c. . t- , j , Upon his Highness's arrival and happy progress in England, the terror thereof wrought so effectually upon those Popish and arbitrary ministers of state, in Scotland, who were sensible of their own guilt, that they thought of nothing but to make their escape from justice, which some had the luck to do, others were seized : and the multitude rising in divers places, demolished the mass houses, and burnt the Popish trinkets, yea, proceeded to several violences and disorders, which occasioned the death and wounding of many per- sons, even in Edinburgh itself; of which, the Scotch noblemen and gentlemen in London, having notice, they resolved to attend his Highness the Prince of Orange, and lay before him the willingness of the people of Scotland to submit to his protection, and his High- ness having notice of their intentions, caused such of them as were in town, to be advertized to meet him at St. James's, January 7, to whom he made the following speech : " My Lords and Gentlemen, " The only reason that induced me to undergo so great an under- taking was, that I saw the laws and liberties of these kingdoms overturned, and the Protestant religion m imminent danger, and seeing you are so many noblemen and gentlemen, I have called you together, that 1 may have your advice what is to be done, tor the securing of the Protestant religion, and restoring your laws and liberties, according to my declaration." After which, the lords and gentlemen went to the council- chamber, at Whitehall, and choosing Duke Hamilton their president, they drew up an address, which they presented to the Prince, to o ■ 98 THE HISTORY OF THE this effect : "That they rendered his Highness their humble thanks, Imnn 'i,P*T ^^^ ^^perous Undertaking, &c. desiring him to take upon him the administration of affairs, civil and miliary, in Scot- ifrn^'i i- o.^u"^*"^^ meeting of the estates, which they humbly prayed his H|ghness to call to be held at Edinburgh, jJarch l4, ^IhT"^* *!**'' ^^^'^?r ^^^ subscribed bv thirly' lords, and aT^i ri ll™^° ' '**' H'&hness assured tliem that he would do all that the;r required, and the news thereof coming to Edin- fartfo "^^^^"^^^^^^ ^^^^ '^® "t™o8t demonstrations of joy and satis- The elections for the convention at Westminster, had in some places been generally made without those strivings and heats that are usual upon such occasions, and seemed to be a good prognostic that their debates would be calm, and tend to a speedy settle^nent^ and accordingly, the 22d of January being come, the Lords, sp ritual and temporal, and Commons, assembled at Westminster ; the Lord Marquis of Halifax officiated as speaker in the House of Lords, and the Commons chose Henry Powle, esq. to be their speaker. After which a letter from his Highness the knee of Orange was read in decWpTu'T^t K^ occasion of their meeting, whereiS his Highness declared, That he had endeavoured, to the utmost of his power to perform what was desired of him, in order to the public peace l^jfl'.^""^- ?^^ *^5 did not know anything which had^been omi ed that might tend to the preservation of t^em, since the ad" ministration of affairs was put into his hands : and that it now lay upon them to la^^ the foundation of a firm security for their reli^^ion laws and liberties ; that he did not doubt, but that by such a full and free representative ot the nation as was then met, the ends of iuhi^^rKr jy°"^^ be attained : and since it had pleased God fn hfm ?h * r' ^'' fr^ intentions with such great success, he trusted in him that he would complete his own work, by sending a spirit of peace and union to influence their councils, that no ifiterrEon ^Jt^H ♦%?''^"*K ^* ^'^PP^ ^"^ ^^^^'"^ settlement; he then repre" sented to them the dangerous condition of the Protestants in Ireland and he present state of things abroad, which required their early assistance against a powerful enemy, who had declared war again^ them, and which he did not doubt, but without any unseaso'nable dmsions among themselves, they would take that^ effectual care This letter being read and approved of, the Lords and Commons presented an address to his Highness, "That being highly sSe HOUSE OF ORANGE. 99 of the great deliverance of this kingdom from Popery and arbitrary power, and that their preservation next under God, was owinn- to his Highness, they returned him their humble thanks as the glorious instrument of so great a blessing, and did farther acknowledge the great care he had taken in administering the public affairs to that time, humbly desiring that his Highness would continue the ad- ministration thereof, till further application should be made by them, which should be expedited with all convenient speed." This address being presented, January 23, 1688, his Highness returned them this answer : " My Lords and Gentlemen, " I am glad that what I have done has pleased you, and since you desire me to continue the administration of affairs, I am willing to accept it. I must recommend to you the consideration of affairs abroad, which maketh it fit for vou to expedite your business, not only for making a settlement at home upon a good foundation, but for the safety of all Europe." After this, the Lords and Commons ordered a day of public thanks- giving to be kept throughout the kingdom, to render praise to Al- mighty God, for having made his Highness the Prince of Orange the glorious instrument of the great deliverance of this kingdom from Popery and arbitrary power. As to the condition of Ireland, the Earl of Tyrconnel, a violent Papist, being made lord lieutenant of that kingdom by King James, as a fit instrument to carry on his designs, gave the Irish great hopes of subduing the English, by his first cashiering the Pro- testant officers and soldiers that were in arms, and then by turnino- out the officers and ministers of justice; and though complaints were made against his proceedings in the court of England, yet they were not regarded, but he rather encouraged in his enterprizes, which occasioned such dread of future mischiefs, that divers left the kingdom, some going for Holland, others for Scotland and England. Things continued in this dano^erous posture, till the news of the intended enterprize of the Prince of Orange arrived there, upon which, Tyrconnel was very active to secure the Roman Catholic interest in Ireland: imprisoning and disarming the Protestants, and sending over three thousand of the choicest Irish soldiers to assist King James ; but upon notice of his flight into France, he called his Popish council together, and told them, that now was the time for their standing up for their country, to secure it against all their enemies ; and as for his part, if his master himself should cora- o2 100 THE HISTORY OF THE mand him to deliver up the sword, he should think it his duty to refuse it in this juncture ; and thereupon, spreading the news all over the country, he caused the Irish every where to arm themselves with such weapons as they could get ; this tumultuous rabble herd- in*' together, plundered the Protestants' houses, drove away their cattle, "fired their stacks.of corn and hay, murdered some, and bar- barously used others : Insomuch, that the Protestants being ex- tremely affrighted, many of them fled for their lives, leaving their estates behind them ; and though several of the Protestant nobility and gentry made head in the north, yet they found themselves un- able to resist the fury of their numerous adversaries; however, they defeated several parties of Irish, and fortified Londonderry, Sligo, the Isle of Inniskilling, and other places which they thought tenable ; for now, Tvrconnel gave orders for stopping the ports, to prevent any more from going away, and made many large and plausible proposals, to induce them to join with him, though they had very little effect upon them. The convention at VVestminster were still upon serious debateit about the present condition of the kingdom, and in the mean time, it was thouo-ht necessary to have the presence of her Highness the Princess of Srange in England ; whereupon, a squadron of English and Dutch men of war were ordered to wait upon her, till her equipage could be got ready, and the wind served to bring over her Hio-hness; and after the Lords and Commons had duly weighed the circumstance of the King s departure, they at length came to the fol- lowing resolution : , . , , , "Resolved, that King James II. havmg endeavoured to subvert the constitution to this kingdom, by breaking the original contract between Kin«»- and people ; and by the advice of Jesuits and other wicked persons, having violated the fundamental laws, and having withdrawn himself out of this kingdom, hath abdicated the govern- ment, and the throne is thereby vacant." In pursuance of which resolution, the following declaration was drawn up in order to such an establishment, as that the religion, laws and liberties of the kingdom, might not again be in danger, and for vindicating the ancient rights and liberties of the people in these words : "Whereas, the late King James II. by the assistance of divers evil counsellors, judges, and ministers employed by him, did en- deavour to subvert and extirpate the Protestant religion, and the laws and liberties of this kingdom, by assuming and exercising u HOUSE OF ORANGE. 101 power of dispensing with, and suspending of laws, and the execu- tion of laws without consent of parliament. By committing and prosecuting divers worthy prelates, for humbly petitioning to be excused from concurring to the said assumed power; by issuing, and causing to be executed, a commission under the great seal, for erecting a court, called, ' The court of commissioners for ecclesias- tical causes.' By levying money for, and to the use of, the crown, by pretence of prerogative, for other time, and in other manner than the same was g^ranted by parliament. By raising and keeping a standing army within this kingdom in time of peace, without consent of parliament, and quartering soldiers, contrary to law. By causing several good subjects, being Protestants, to be disarmed at the same time, when Papists were both armed and employed, contrary to law. By violating the freedom of election of members to serve in parliament. By prosecutions in the court of King's bench, for matters and causes cognizable only in parliament; and by divers other arbitrary illegal courses. "And whereas, of late years, partial, corrupt, and unqualified persons, have been returned, and served on juries in trials, and par- ticularly divers jurors in trials for high treason, who were not freeholders. And excessive bail hath been required of persons committed in criminal cases, to elude the benefit of the laws made for the liberty of the subjects : and excessive fines have been im- posed. And illegal and cruel punishments inflicted. And several grants and promises made of fines and forfeitures, before any con- viction or judgment against the persons, upon whom the same were to be levied ; all which are utterly and directly contrary to the known laws and statutes, and freedom of this realm. And whereas, the said late King James II. having abdicated the government, and the throne being thereby vacant. "His Highness the Prince of Orange, (whom it hath pleased Almighty God to make the glorious instrument of delivering this kingdom fi*om Popery and arbitrary power,) did, by the advice of the Lords, spiritual and temporal, and divers principal persons of the Commons, cause letters to be written to the Lords, spiritual and temporal, being Protestants: and other letters to the several counties, cities, universities, boroughs, and cinque ports, fur the choosing of such persons to represent them, as were of right to be sent to parliament ; to meet and sit at Westminster, January 22, 1688, in order to such an establishment, as that their religion, laws and ism 102 THE HISTORY OF THE liberties might not again be in danger of being subverted; upon which letters, elections having been according!)' made, " And thereupon the said Lords, spiritual and temporal, and Commons, pursuant to their respective letters and elections, being now assembled in a full and free representative of this nation, taking into their most serious consideration the best means for at- taining the ends aforesaid, do, in the Hrst place, (as their ancestors in like case have usually' done,) for the vindicating and asserting their ancient rights and liberties, declare, that the pretended power of suspending of laws, or the execution of laws by regal authoritj, without consent of parliament, is illegal ; that the pretended power of dispensing with laws, or the execution of laws by regal autho- rity, as it hath been assumed and exercised of late, is illegal; that the commission for erectiijg the late court of commissioners for the ecclesiastical causes, and all other commissions and courts of like nature, are illegal and pernicious ; that levying money for, or to the use of the crown, by pretence of prerogative, without grant of parliament, for longer time, or in other manner, «han the same is, or shall be granted, is illegal ; that it is the right of the subjects to petition the King, and all commitments and prosecutions, for such petitioning, are illegal ; that the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom, in time of peace, unless it be with consent of parliament, is against law ; that the subjects, which are Protestants, may have arms for their defence suitable to their conditions, and as allowed by law ; that election of members of parliament ought to be free ; that the freedom of speech, and debates, or proceedings in parliament, ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of parliament ; that excessive bail ought not to be re- quired, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punish- ments inflicted; that jurors ought to be duly impannelled and re- turned, and jurors, which pass upon men in trials for high treason, ought to be freeholders ; that all grants and promises of fines and forfeitures of particular persons, before conviction, are illegal and void ; and that for redress of all grievances, and for the amend- ing, strengthening, and preserving of the laws, parliaments ought to be held frequently. " And they do claim, demand, and insist, upon all and singular the premises, as their undoubted rights and liberties ; and that no declaration, judgments, doings, or proceedings, to the prejudice of the people in any of the said premises, ought, in any wise, to be HOUSE OF ORANGE. 103 drawn hereafter into consequence or example; to which demand of their right they are particularly encouraged by the declaration of his Highness the Prince of Orange, as being the only means for obtain- ing a full redress and remedy therein. " Having, therefore, an entire confidence, that his said Hio-h- ness the Prince of Orange will perfect the deliverance so far ^- vanced by him, and will still preserve them from the violation of their rights, which they have here asserted, and from all other attempts upon their religion, rights, and liberties, the said Lords, spiritual and temporal, and Commons, assembled at Westminster, do re- solve, that William and Mary, Prince and Princess of Orange, be and be declared King and Queen of England, France, and Ireland' and the dominions thereunto belonging, to hold the crown and royal dignity of the said kingdom and dominions, to them, the said Prince and Princess, during their lives, and the life of the survivor of them ; and that the sole and full exercise of the regal power be only in, and executed by the said Prince of Orange, in the names ot the said Prince and Princess, during their joint lives ; and after their deceases, the said crown and royal dignity of the said kin«r- doms and dominions to be to the heirs of the body of the sa?d Princess; and for default of such issue, to the Princess Ann of Denmark, and the heirs of her body ; and for default of such issue, to the heirs of the body of the said Prince of Orange ; and the Lords, spiritual and temporal, and Commons, do pray the said Prince and Princess to accept the same accordingly ; and that the oaths hereafter mentioned be taken by all persons, of whom the oaths of allegiance and supremacy might be required by law, in- stead of them ; and that the said oaths of allegiance and supremacy be abrogated. " I, A. B. do sincerely promise and swear, that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to their Majesties, King William and Queen Mary ; so help me God." , !' ^» ^' P- ^® swear, that I do, from my heart, abhor, detest, and abjure, as impious and heretical, this damnable doctrine and posi- tion, that Princes, excommunicated or deprived by the Pope, or any authority of the see of Rome, may be deposed or murdered by their subjects, or any other whatsoever. " And I do declare, that no foreign Prince, person, prelate, state, or potentate, hath, or ought to have any jurisdiction, power, supe- riority, pre-eminence, or authority, ecclesiastical or spiritual, within this realm ; so help me God." BuwafcilNiwti'i III" / 104 THE HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF ORANGE. 105 This declaration being presented to their Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Orange, in the banquetting-house at Whitehall, on Wednesday, February 13, 1688, and their consent thereunto re- ceived, they were both, the same day, proclaimed King and Queen of England, France and Ireland, &c. at Whitehall-gate, Temple- bar, and the Royal Exchange, many of the Lords and Commons at- tending, and the people proclaiming their joys by repeated shouta and acclamations. The tenor of the proclamation was as followeth : " Whereas, it hath pleased Almighty God, in his great mercy to this kingdom, to vouchsafe us a miraculous deliverance from Popery and arbitrary power, and that our preservation is due, next under God, to the resolution and conduct of his Highness the Prince of Orange, whom God hath chosen to be the glorious instrument of such an inestimable happiness to us and our posterity ; and being highly sensible and fully persuaded of the great and eminent virtues of her Highness the Princess of Orange, whose zeal for the Pro- testant religion will, no doubt, bring a blessing along with her upon this nation ; and whereas, the liords and Commons now assembled at Westminster have made a declaration, and presented the same to the said Prince and Princess of Orange, and therein desired them to accept the crown, who have accepted the same accordingly; we, therefore, the Lords, spiritual and temporal, and Commons, toge- ther with the Lord Mayor and citizens of London, and others of the Commons of this realm, do, with full consent, publish and proclaim, according to the said declaration, William and Mary, Prince and Princess of Orange, to be King and Queen of England, France, and Ireland, with all the dominions and territories there- unto belonging, who are accordingly so to be owned, deemed, and taken, by all the people of the aforesaid realms and dominions, who are, from henceforward, bound to acknowledge and pay unto them all faith and true allegiance, beseeching God, by whom Kings reign, to bless King William and Queen Mary, with long and happy years to reign over us. God save King William and Queen Mary. « JOHN BROWN, Clericus Parliamentorum." It is reported, that his Majesty should thus generously express himself upon this occasion : " That though the regulations seemed somewhat harsh, they were easy to him that desired only to be a great King; but with respect to one that aimed to be a tyrant, they were not strict enough." Having thus brought their Majesties to the throne, let us make a few remarks upon this wonderful and unparalleled revolution, and so conclude the history of the House of Orange. Had a Prince of less secrecy, prudence, courage, and interest, undertaken this mighty affair, it might probably have miscarried; but as his cause was better, so his reputation, conduct, and pa- tience, infinitely exceeded that of King James. He would not stir till he saw the French forces sit down before Philipsburg, and that he was sure France and Germany were irrecoverably engaged, and that he should have no other opposition than what the Irish and Lnglish Roman Catholics could make against him, for no English Protestant would fight his country into vassalage and slavery to Popish priests and Italian women ; when a parliament, sooner or later, must have determined every thino^ in controversy, except they were resolved, once for all, to have given up their religionf laws, liberties, and estates, to the will of their arbitrary Kings, and sub- mitted, for ever, to a French government; and, indeed, a nation of less sense than the English might have been imposed upon ; of less bravery and valour, might have been frighted ; of a more servile temper, might have neglected their liberties, till it had been too late to recover them again; and none but a parcel of Jesuits, unac- quainted with their temper and constitution, would ever have hoped to have carried two such things, as Popery and arbitrary power, both at once, upon a people so jealous as the English are; and who hate idolatry and tvranny above any nation in the world.' As for King James II. had he undertaken any thing but these two, his vast revenue, his reputed personal valour, and the fame he had gained, both at home and abroad, by the defeat of Monmouth's invasion, would have gone near to have effected it; and after all, if he had, in the beginning of October, freely granted all the pro- posals made him by the nobility, and suffered a parliament to have met, and given up his evil ministers to justice, and permitted the birth of the pretended Prince of Wales to have been freely debated and determined in parliament, it would, in all probability, have pre- vented this expedition of the Prince of Orange; but whilst he thought to preserve the pretended succession, the dispensing and suspending power, and the ecclesiastical commission, to promote his future designs, when he had once baflled the Prince of Orano-e the nation saw through the project and he lost all. ^ ' As for the English in general, their interest centres in the main- taining the rights and franchises of their kingdom, which renders I 106 THE HISTORY, &c. them this day the freest nation in Europe; a character so far fron. supposing them to be like other nations" k peopl7 1 eadrron/rd inconstant that it shews them them to be the most considerat'e and understanding: people m the world; in short, though the example of a ne.|hbouring Prince had served for a platform for oXr crowned heads to enlarge their nower beyond the limits prescribed nr.n?fW*I'*"ir*-"'r^***^ '''"^V' ^^^^« ^^^^ a^ the very mo- ment that the Knig began to act like his neighbour, they presently put a stop to h.s fesign, without the least respect to hisTgnUv^ ofThf r^ir ' -"'t '^i" ^»t\«"tV"«gned in France, as indepe^ndenj of the laws as in Turkey ; they beheld the face of the kingdom of Sweden and Denmark ciiangecf, by introducing hereditary su^ces sion whereas they were elective before; they%iewed th^e foce of the kingdom of Hungary, heretofore the seat of liberty, disfic^ured by the same innovation; and Poland, that boasts to have preserved the ancient aws entire, has, notwithstanding, suffered injiirious al- terations. In short, which way soever we cast our eyes we sha 1 find attempts of the same nature prosper, only in EnglLd they have ^.i? /h . t'^ nation they are the wisest and most prudent people that we know of under the sun. ^ THE HISTORY OF KING WILLIAM and QUEEN MARY. JVING Wilham and Queen Mary being proclaimed in all the counties, and chief cities of England, with the general joy of the people, addresses were daily presented them from several parts, to testify their extreme satisfaction and content in their being advanced to the throne; and the convention being by an act signed by the King turned into a parliament, in the same manner as the conven- tion was, upon the restoration of Charles 11. 1660. They proceeded to enact several laws for settling the government upon its true and ancient basis; and several vacant offices and employments were supplied by their Majesties, and Dr. Gilbert Burnet was made Bishop of Salisbury, in the room of Dr. Seth Ward, deceased I have been very brief upon the affairs in England, till the happy revolution, in 16^8, because I have lately published a book of the same value with this, entitled, "The History of the two late Kings, Charles II. and James II. being an impartial account of the most remarkable transactions, and observable passages during their reigns ; and the secret French and Popish intrigues managed in those times." Neither shall I enlarge upon the affairs of Ireland, intending suddenly to publish the history of that kingdom from the first con- quest thereof by King Henry II. to its total reduction by the arms ot their present Majesties. p 2 \ V V 108 THE HISTORY OF And now both houses of parliament presented an humble address to his Majesty about the speedy relief of Ireland ; in pursuance whereof, the King sent over a proclamation of pardon to all the Irish Papists that would lay down their arms, and live peaceably under the government, with the full enjoyment of their estates, and the private exercise of their religion, which if they refused, they were declared rebels and traitors to the Crown of England, and their estates to be forfeited and distributed among those that should aid and assist in reducing them to obedience ; but Tyrconnel endeavoured to hinder the effect thereof, by promising them speedy succours from France, and that King James would come in person with a numerous army to their assistance, and sent several detach- ments of his tattered regiments to seize divers considerable Pro- testants in their houses, who upon notice escaped into the north, and strengthened their party ; the priests stirred up these rascally vermin, that were armed with pitchforks, bills, staves, and other weapons, to commit all manner of outrages, to the damage of some Papists, as well as Protestants, and it was reported that at a consult in the council, wherein some Popish bishops assisted, it was moved that the only way to clear the country of heretics, was by a general massacre, but Tyrconnel opposed it. In March, the late King James took post firom Paris to Brest, and soon after landed in Ireland, with a numerous train of officers, but very few soldiers. The estates of Scotland met the same month at Edinburgh, in pursuance of his Majesty's circular letters, and King William sent them the following letter : " My Lords and Gentlemen, *' We are very sensible of the kindness and concern which your nation has evinced towards us, and our undertaking for the pre- servation of your religion and liberty, which were in such imminent danger. Neither can we in the least doubt your confidence in us, after having seen, how far so many of your nobility and gentry have owned our declaration, countenancing and concurring with us in our endeavours, and desiring us that we would take upon us, the administration of affairs, civil and military, and to call a meeting of the estates for securing the Protestant religion, and the ancient laws and liberties of that kingdom, which accordingly we have done. Now it lies on you to enter upon such consultations as are most proper to settle you on sure and lasting foundations, which we hope you will set about with all convenient speed, with re^^rd to the public good, and to the general interest and inclinations of the I KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. 109 leople ; that after so much trouble and great suffering, they may jive happily and in peace, and that you may lay aside all animosities and factions that may impede so good a work. We are glad to find that so many of the nobility and gentry, when here in London, were so much inclined to a union of both kingdoms, and that they did look upon it, as the best means for procuring the happiness of both nations, and settling of a lasting peace among them ; which would be advantageous to both, they living in the same island, having the same language, and the same common interest of religion and liberty, especially at this juncture, when the enemies of both are so restless in endeavouring to make and increase jealousies and divi- sions, which they will be ready to improve to their own advantage and the ruin of Britain ; we being of the same opinion as to the uselessness of this union, and having nothing so much before our eyes as the glory of God, establishing the reformed religion, and the peace and happiness of these nations, are resolved to use our utmost endeavours in advancing every thing that may conduce to the effectuating the same. So we bid ^ou heartily farewell. From our court at Hampton, March 7, 1689. ' This letter being read, commissioners were named to draw an answer full of acknowledgment and respect ; the late King James had likewise sent a letter to the estates, but before they proceeded to read it, they passed an act, that notwithstanding any thing that might be contained in the letter, for dissolving or impeding their procedure, yet they were a free and lawful meeting of the States, and would continue undissolved till they had settled the government ; which done, the letter was read, but the convention took so little notice of the late King's exhortations, to declare for him, that the raesseng-er was first secured, and then not being thought worthy detaining, dismissed with a pass instead of an answer. After this, commissioners were chosen for drawing up the settle- ment of the government, out of which the bishops were left, as havin«r disgusted the generality of the Stfites, by their prayers at the bp'«rinning of the session. That God would have compassion on Kino- James, and restore him, and other passages, which discovered their disaffection to their Majesties, and the government then about to be erected. The Duke of Gordon, who had the command of Edinburgh castle, after he had for some time amused the convention by his delays, so soon as he heard the late King was arrived in Ireland, set up his standard to signify his resolution to hold out that 110 THE HISTORY OF place, and fired all the cannon, without bullets, to the great terror of those that lay under the mercy of his great shot. April li?, both houses of parliament in J!]nfi:land presented an humble address to the King, wherein they declare that being highly sensible of their late great deliverance from Popery and arbitrary power, whereof it had pleased God to make his Majesty the glorious instrument, and desiring to the utmost of their abilities to express their gratitude, for so great and generous an undertaking, no less necessary for the support of the Protestant interest in Europe, than tor recovering and maintaining the civil rights and liberties of these nations, so notoriously invaded and undermined by Popish councils and counsellors, and being likewise fully convinced of the restless spirits, and the continued endeavours of their Majesties and the nation's enemies, for the extirpation of the Protestant religion, and the subversion of our laws and liberties, unanimously declared, that they would stand by and assist his Majesty with their lives and fortunes in supporting his alliances abroad, in reducing Ireland, and in defence of the Protestant reli- gion, and of the kingdom. In answer hereto, the King assured them of his great esteem and affection for parliaments, especially for this, which would be much increased by the kindness they shewed to him, and their zeal for the public good, and that he would never abuse tlie confidence thev put in him, nor give any parliament cause to distrust him, because he would never exp«!■■ late adjourn„,ent ana the LIuke of Hamilton acqua nted tlipm that hi \i . '"'"f'"» been plea«d to send hi™ a^oLmtion'^o 'Je2^if tu'Cvll person, and that he had orders to itive his consent to ?,?L,f ?t turning the meeting of the e,tatf» into a pSmen, t^Meh' 'if done accordingly, and soon atter thev mad<> a„ L^T, r™.' • *" and asserting IhiirMajest/s royVShoH.; and U" .oT*cZ"n* and another for all persons to take an oath of foi^ „..j i! "9^"' & :X'o t^Z .Tre\a7X 'io^n o^tZl^f^ "/^^^ hopes of relief, surrendered it uponartid^ to Sir Joh! I "^ "2 sothat itjportant place, which^o l™g h,d t^i^t ti;^^; !!'' SoLlh! ^•''"■■«'' "" P"? i"'" ^f-^ '■■'"^^ the Duke c^Zf I, t^Yf upon the King's mercy without making any article foThimilf .„j •t was reported lie said " Th«t h' . ' „. "" "* ""■ so much respect for all >h/> tea pt^c': Jlntt^^TeV^LT'a^.^^^^^^ • rrrnd7L'::'d^^Lr^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ :ijH'Sr^L^S^-an«d-^ l^^^^ goons, and coming within two miles of the Blair of Lh i 1 J notice that Dundel advanced toward h^mv^ith^x thoiln 'r^'.** and one hundred horse, the fight began' between four and T' o clock in the afternoon, and lasted tilT niirht wfth ZJt ^""^ and resolution on bath 'sides; but at len^tL Ma^klv'^ ^r^^^^^ SrnT'r^Jf """l'^^' '^^ -tired toVardsTefc/Sa'S butthr.nZ-''1"^^"'"^""^*^''^^^^^ Dui the enemies loss was g-reater bv thp HMtK «p \r: T^ix ''•aes, who charging furiously at?he headVthe Hi'wan&"L^^^ them, Ma. slain with 'a shot, though he hadaZtl^^^^^ division happened between the £ord DumferrnHn.' and Tn ! Cannon, who should succeed in the command ofTher!.beT. «? k"1* time Major General Mackay hearing that five hundred of ihlf'^ and two troops of horse, were sent to St lohnl ? ^'*^ '*^*' the stores of^provisions Ihei^rrrolv'^t 'b^^'venTe".! 'i;^tZ KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. 119 loss ; and marching out of Sterling with a party of horse and dra- goons, met the rebels, and gave them a total rout, killing and takin* prisoners the greatest part of them, and Captain Hacket, their com"^ mander. Soon after another defeat was given to Colonel Cannon's men, consisting of about four thousand, with the addition of the country, by the Earl of Angus's regiment, under Lieutenant Colonel Cleland, who, after three hours sharp dispute, forced the rebels to fly back, with the loss of above three hundred, and not above thirty of the King's men, among whom was the Lieutenant Colonel. This defeat put an effectual stop to the incursions of the Highlanders who lost all their courage with the death of their commander, bein» never able to make any considerable head afterward; and though the Earl of Dumferling pretended to manage them, yet several of the chief nobility and gentlemen came in, and craved the benefit of the proclamation of indemnity, which the King had published some time before, to all those who before the third of September should lay down their arms, and swear fidelity to King William and Queen Mary ; and Colonel Cannon, who only maintained the interest of the late King, retreated with his few followers to tlie Isle of Mull, doubtful whether to continue longer there, or return to Ireland. Lieutenant General Mackay having put a garrison into the castle of Blair, returned to Edinburgh, where several Earls that were in E risen had their liberty, giving sufficient security for their peaceable ehaviour; so that several troops of the King's forces in that king- dom were embarked for Ireland. And about the same time the Parliament there passed several acts which were touched with the royal sceptre, by the Lord High Commissioner, and among others, an act for abolishing prelacy, purporting, " That whereas the estates of the kingdom, by their claim of right, April 11th last, had declared that prelacy and supremacy in any office in the church above Presby- tery had been a grievous burden to the nation ever since the refor- mation ; that therefore the King and Queen's Majesty did abolish episcopacy, &c. and would establish that church government which was most agreeable to the people." And now the Parliament of England, having given the King plentiful supplies for the reduction of Ireland, the army marched from all parts towards Chester and Highlake, to embark under the Duke of Schomberg, consisting of near thirty thousand men, with great store of all sorts of ammunition and provisions, and consider- al)le sums of money, and his Majesty appointed a camp on Hounslovr Heath for the remainder of the forces, August 14, which continued n 120 THE HISTORY OF \l only two or three daj s, and in the mean time a declaration of war was published against France in Scotland ; and now several English Protestants in the north of Ireland having got possession of the isle of Inniskillinc, and the city of Londonderry, they resolved to defend them against King James, and his army of Irish Papists, who were marching from Dublin against them ; and hearing that Lieutenant- General Macarty was abroad with a strong detachment, plundering and ravaging the country. Lieutenant Colonel Berry fell upon them with such vigour, that it is Judged three thousand of the Irish were slain and drowned in the Lough, near Newton- Butler, into which they desperately threw themselves, to escape the sword. King James arriving at Londonderry, imagined the terror of his arms would oblige the English to surrender the town upon his first ap- pearance, and though Colonel Lundy and others despaired of holding it against an army of forty thousand men, with a train of artillery and divers mortars, yet the enraged people resolved to defend it against the utmost efforts of the enemy, and having declared Mr. George Walker, a Minister, and Major Baker their Governor, they chose Colonels and other officers, and regimented their men, con- sisting in the whole of seven thousand and twenty soldiers, and three hundred and forty-one officers, and rejecting all the terms of sur- render offered them, they fired upon the enemy, and much astonished King James, who was within reach of their cannon, and expected they would have opened their gates to him, who thereupon resolved to reduce them by force, and within a day or two broke ground, and run their trenches within a furlong of the walls, where placing a de- miculverin, they battered the town, but with little success, unless some small damage to the Market-house, the cannon from the town in the mean time killing many Irish; and to prevent their further approach, the English made a sally, killing two hundred of the enemy, with Mamow, the French General, and other officers of note. Several other gallant sallies were made out of the town, in one of which above two hundred were killed, and five hundred wounded with the loss of three English, and twenty wounded. June 4, the besieged made an attack upon the work near the windmill, and though the Irish came upon them with loud huzzas, and though the foot had faggots, and after those failed, took up dead bodies to defend themselves, and the horse were mostly in armour, yet they were beaten off, four thousand of them killed, and but a few English. In some of these attacks. Lieutenant Douglas and Captain Cunnino-- ham were taken prisoners, and af\er quarter given, barbarousTy n I KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. 121 killed. In the night the enemy played their bombs of two hundred and seventy-three pound weight, which ploughed up the streets, and killed several sick people ; and in the day time their cannon played incessantly against the walls, insomuch that the garrison by sickness, more than shot of the enemy, was reduced to six thousand one hun- dred and eighty-five men, and began to be distressed; but June 15, a fleet of thirty sail, under Major General kirk, with men, provi- sions, and ammunition, for their relief^ came into the Lough, and though some ships attempted to sail up the river, yet the fire of the enemy from the batteries on shore, and also a boom made of timber, chain and cable, across the narrowest part of the river, prevented their design ; however, they contrived to give Major General Kirk an account of their extremity, and he sent an answer, assuring them, that they should suddenly be supplied with all necessaries, which he had aboard in abundance. The enemy being sensible of their exi- fencies, pressed on the siege with more vigour, under their new rench Marshal, General Rosen, who by threats and promises, used his utmost efforts to reduce the town. June *iO, Major Baker died, to the great regret of the besieged, and soon after the garrison was reduced to four thousand eight hundred and ninety-two men ; yet then they made a vigorous sally to fetch in some cattle, but did not succeed, losing a great number of their men. This made the famine increase in the city, so that horse-flesh was sold for twenty pence per Sound, the quarter of a dog for five shillings and sixpence, a dog's ead two shillings and sixpence, a cat four shillings and sixpence, and other things proportionably, as rats, mice, tallow, greves, &c. But now, when all hopes failed them, July 13, the Montjoy and Phoenix, convoyed by the Dartmouth frigate, and other men of war, came up to the town with little loss, ;- hen they reckoned but upon two days life, having only nine lean horses lefl, and one pint of meal to each man, four thousand two hundred onl}' being left, whereof a fourth part were rendered unserviceable. The enemy perceiving that these ships had furnished the besieged with provisions, July 31, they raised the siege in some disorder, blowing up several castles, with all the houses down the river, and setting the country for ten miles in a flame in their retreat. August 13, 1689, the Duke of Schomberg landed at Carrickfergus with all the forces under his command, and the Protestants joining with him in great numbers, he soon reduced that town, and sent two regiments to Belfast; and the General having made Proclamation, " That if the enemy continued to burn as they had begun, if any of R 122 THE HISTORY OF them fell into his hands, they must expect no quarter." They there- upon quitted Dundalk without any damage. After this, about five thousand Irish attemuted to take Sligo, which was in the hands of the English; but the inniskilling men, with about one thousand horse, foot, and dragoons, charged them with such celerity and courage, that seven hundred of them were cut off, and four hundred taken Erisoners; and besides arms and ammunition, eighteen thousand ead of cattle were taken from them, which they had plundered the country people of. In November the English army decamped from the plains of Dunkalk to Lisnee-garvee and Lisburn, the enemy, though superior in number, having of late attempted little; only one morning early, they had hopes of surprizing our advanced parties at Newry, killing the out centinels, and getting into the town, but were soon beaten out again by a party of Colonel Ingoldsby's regiment ; and several other parties beat the enemy in divers places, and gained great booties of cattle. Colonel Woolsey defeated the Irish at Cavan, though the Duke of Berwick was sent to reinforce them, so that though the garrison consisted of four thousand men, yet three hun- dred of the enemy were killed, and among them many officers ; two hundred taken prisoners, and Cavan taken and burnt, which the English were constrained to do, to get the soldiers out of the town to resist the Irish, who made a strong sally out of the fort. In England her Royal Highness the Princess of Denmark was de- livered of a Prince in August, who was christened by the Lord Bishop of London, and named William, his Majesty being godfather, and her Majesty and the Queen of Denmark godmothers. October 19, the Parliament met at Westminster, and granted his Majesty two millions sterling, towards the expense of the next year's war. In Scotland Colonel Cannon continued still in the Isle of Mull, with an inconsiderable party of islanders, and others. Some few rebels ap- peared about this time under the Lord of Lochelly, burning and plundering wherever they came ; about eight hundred marched out of Innerlochy, thinking to have surprized the fort of Inverness, but were defeated of their design. The Earl of Pembroke, upon his re- turn from being Ambassador in Holland to England, was made a Privy Councillor. Some persons were seized about this time, for endeavouring to raise disturbances against the government. December 16, 1689, an act was passed, declaring the rights and liberties of the subject, and settling the succession of the crown: " That whereas the Lords, spiritual and temporal, and Commons assembled at Westminster, lawfully, fully and freely, representing all KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. 123 the estates of the people of this realm, did, on February 13, 1688 present to their Majesties, then called and known by the names and style of William and Mary, Prince and Princess of Orange, bein«^ ^ present in their proper persons, a certain delaration in writing, madS by the said Lords and Commons (of which you have already an ac- count.) Upon which their said Majesties did accept the crown and , royal dignity of these kingdoms, according to the resolution and de- sire ot the said Lords and Commons contained in the said declaration, and thereupon their Majesties were pleased, that the Lords and Commons being the two Houses of Parliament should continue to sit, and with their royal concurrence to make effectual provision for the settlement of the religion, laws and liberties of this kingdom, so that the same for the future might not be in danger again of beinff subverted. Now in pursuance of the premises, the Lords, spiritu^ and temporal, and Commons in Parliament assembled, for the rati- fying, confirming, and establishing the said declaration, and the ar- ticles, clauses, matters and things therein contained, by the force of a law made m due form by authority of Parliament, do pray that it maybe declared and enacted, that all and singular the riffhts and liberties asserted and claimed in the said declaration, are the true ancient, and indubitable rights and liberties of the people of this kingdom, and so shall be esteemed, allowed, adjudged, deemed, and taken to be, and that all and every the particulars aforesaid shall be hrmly and strictly holden and observed, as they are expressed in the said declaration, and all officers and ministers whatsoever shall serve their Majesties and their successors according to the same in all times to come; and do further declare, that King James 11. having abdicated the government, and their Majesties havino- ac- cepted the crown and royal dignity as aforesaid, did become, were are, and of right ought to be, by the laws of this realm, our sovereign liege Lord and Lady, King and Queen of England, France, and Ireland, &c. And for preventing all questions and divisions, by reason of any pretended titles to the crown, and to preserve a cer- tainty m the succession, the Lords and Commons beseech their Ma- jesties that if may be enacted, established, and declared, that the crown and royal dignity shall be and continue in their Majesties du- ring their lives, and the life of the survivor of them ; and after their decease to the heirs of her Majesty; and in default of issue, to the Princess Ann of Denmark and her heirs; and for default of such issue, to the heirs of the body of his Majesty: and that the Parlia- ment in the name of the people will submit themselves and their n 2 1 / « >t 1£4 THE HISTORY OF KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. 125 heirs, and posterities for ever, and stand by, maintain, and defend this limitation and succession of the crown, to the utmost of their powers, with their lives and estates, against all that shall attempt any thing to the contrary. And whereas it hath been found by ex- perience, that it is inconsistent with the safety and welfare of this Protestant kingdom to be governed by a Popish Prince, or by any King or Queen marrying a Papist, they do further pray, that it may be enacted, that all persons that are or shall be reconciled to, or hold communion with the see of Rome, or shall profess the Popish Religion, or shall marry a Papist, shall be excluded, and be for ever incapable to possess, inherit, or enjoy the crown and dignity of this kingdom, or Ireland, &c. And that in all such cases, the people are absolved from their allegiance, and the crown shall descend to the next heir being a Protestant, as should have inherited and en- joyed the same, as if the person so reconciled, or marrying, were naturally dead ; and that every King and Queen that shall succeed hereafter, shall, on the first day of the meetiiig of their first Parlia- ment, sitting on the throne in the House of Peers, in the presence of the Lords and Commons, or at their coronation, which shall first happen, audibly repeat the declaration in the statute of the 30th of King Charles 11. entitled, an act for the more effectual preservin"- the King's person and government, &c. But if such King and Queen shall be under the age of twelve years, then to perform the same the first Parliament after that age; all which are by their Ma- jesties, by and with the consent of the Lords, spiritual and temporal, and Commons, declared, enacted, and established to stand, remain, and be the law of this realm for ever." About this time the Queen of Spain was convoyed by a squadron of English men of war from Holland to the (jiroin in Spain. Fe- bruary 6, the Parliament was dissolved, and another summoned to appear at Westminster, March 20th following, who accordingly met and confirmed ail the acts of the preceding Parliament, passing many others, both for raising money, tor carrying on the present war, antl for the benefit of the people. In Scotland some attempts were made by the rebels, for in May, 1690, the Colonels Bucan and Cannon being with two thousand men (which they expected to be four thou- sand in a few days) at their rendezvous at Stratspey, Sir Thomas Levingstone, upon notice thereof, marched toward them with his forces, and surprizing them in the nio;ht in their camp, killed four hundred, and took one hundred prisoners, most gentlemen and officers, Bucan and Cannon hardly escaping, upon which the castle of Lethindy, in which the enemy had a garrison under Colonel Bucan's nephew, surrendered at discretion, in which was found store of arms, and ammunition, with four hundred bolls of meal, and the standard designed to have been set up by the late King James ; and yet in this whole action it was very remarkable, that the English lost not one man, and had only tour or five wounded. In Ireland affairs proceeded very successfully, for May 11, the strong garrison of Charlemont surrendered upon articles, the Gov*jr- nor Teage of Regan, and the Irish, about eight hundred strong, having almost consumed all their provisions, marched out, leaving a good quantity of ammunition, seventeen brass cannon, and two mor- tars. The King now resolved, if possible, to make a sudden re- duction of Ireland, that it might no longer be a diversion from his attacking the French vigorously in Flanders ; and in pursuit of this magnanimous design, his Majesty concluded to go thither in person, by his presence and conduct to facilitate the same, and accordingly, June 4, 1690, with a splendid equipage, parted from Whitehall, and coming to Chester, embarked on the fleet attending him, and June 14, landed at Carickfergus, being received by Duke Schomberg, the army and all the Protestants, with general joy, and loud accla- mations; and from thence his Majesty marched with his forces in two bodies, and encamped at Dundalk, intending to go for Dublin, or else oblige the enemy to a battle, which the late King James was aware of, and therefore with his army, which consisted of about thirty-six thousand Irish and French, besides fifteen thousand in garrisons. He marched from Dublin towards Drogheda, but seemed to distrust his success, for to provide for the worst, he sent an order to Waterford, to prepare ships for carrying him off. June 31, King William resolving to force the enemy to fight or retreat, marched hy break of day from his camp at Ardee toward Drogheda, and found the Irish army encamped along the river Boyne, above the town ; and according to his usual conduct, with undaunted resolution, he passed the river, notwithstanding the utmost opposition of the enemy, and fell upon them with such fury, that in a few hours their whole army were utterly routed and dispersed, about three thousand being killed, and divers prisoners of note taken, most of the enemy's bag- gage, as chariots, tents, arms, cannon, ammunition and provisions, and some money falling into the hands of our soldiers. The late King Jemes, who had stood at a distance to see the fiffht, perceiving the defeat of his forces, fied with all speed toward Dublin, with a very few attendants, and having staid there one night, filling the "T 126 THE HISTORY OF KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. 127 place with fear and confusion, upon an alarm that King William was on his way thither, accompanied with the Duke of Berwick, the Marauis of Powis, and some others, he led the city, and hastened to Waterford, where a ship lay ready for him, having neither slept nor eat till he got out to sea, and stood away for France. Upon this the Protestants at Dublin, who were imprisoned, had their li- berty, and a few days after the King arrived there, to the unspeak- able joy of the people. The loss of the English in obtaining this great victory was not considerable, only Duke Schomberg and Doctor Walker were both slain. After this, Waterford, Wexford, and several other places were reduced, and upon a proclamation of pardon, many of the Irish laid down their arms, and returned to their former places of abode. This glorious success was somewhat clouded nearer home, for the French King, to favour his design in Ireland, had now set forth the greatest fleet that ever sailed on the ocean out of France, and stood toward our coast, as if they designed to fight our navy under the Earl of Torrington, who, June 24, sailed from St. Helens toward them. They were seen the night before off Freshwater Gate, in the Isle of Wight; but the wind taking them short, the Admiral came to an anchor off Dunnose, five leagues off the French, so that a battle was soon expected, which the enemy did not seem to decline; the English seamen were also full of courage, and desirous to en- gage: but the French being much stronger both for number and biasness of ships, consisting of eighty-two men of war, besides fire- ships and tenders, it was not thought fit to fight in the open sea, so that the Earl of Torrington avoided it, till he came to Bevesire, off Beachy, which was favourable for his purpose, and there he re- ceived the Queen's orders not to delay engaging, if the wind and weather would permit, which was the reason that we went to seek the enemy, who expected us in order of battle, and about nine in the morning the engagement began. The Dutch that had the van- guard frought bravely, and both sides fired desperately three hours, till the French, not liking their entertainment, bore away with all speed; but about one o'clock there happened a calm, which iiot only prevented the Hollander's pursuit, but put them into a little disorder. The French not being able to get away, were constrained to begin the fiwht again, which lasted till five in the evening with extraordi- nary fury. As for the English, some few fought well ; but the Ad- miral's unexpected standing away prevented them from seconding the Dutch, so that the rest stood lookers op, while the main body of the French fell into the rear of the Dutch, who having fought from morning till night, and defended themselves so long against a pro- digious number of the enemy that assailed them on every side, they were so much battered, that hardly three were capable of making any defence, which constrained them to make their way through the French fleet to the coast of England. The Hollanders lost two Admirals and a Captain ; and some of their ships, that could not be got oft; were burnt. The English lost two sea, and two marine Captains. Admiral Evertson declared that all the Dutch officers and seamen had done their duties ; and had ours engaged heartily, no doubt the French had gone home in a worse condition than the Spaniards did in 1588. After the fight, the French fleet sailed west- ward, and sent their boats ashore at Teignmouth, a small village of fishermen's cots, which they set on fire, with two or three small vessels in the harbour, and stealing a few sheep, after having laiQ some time on our coast to little purpose, they returned to Brest. At the time the French lay off the coasts of Kent, one Godfi-ey Cross, an innkeeper in that county, was seen to go on board one of their boats, which carried him to the fleet, whereupon, at his re- turn, he was seized, and treasonable letters being found about him he was committed prisoner, and soop^ after tried for high treason at the King's Bench bar, Westminster^ and being convicted was hanged and quartered for the same, and care was taken by her Ma- jesty, in whom the regency resided during the King's absence, to ■put the militia of the counties into such a posture, as to defeat any evil designs of the enemies to the government i and the mditia of London, consisting of about ten thousand men, made a gallant ap- pearance before her Majestv at Hyde Park, and declared their cheer- ful resolution to defend their Majesties and the government against all its opponents, and the whole militia of England, computed to be about one hundred and fifty thousand, horse and foot, shewed the same forwardness. Upon complaint against the Earl of Tor- rington for the miscarriage of the fleet, he was committed by the council to the Tower. After the French had quitted our coasts and were gone into harbour, the militia were discharged, and all dili- gence was used to repair and equip the fleet for sea. About this time we had news of the great success of the English against the French in the West Indies, having beaten them out of St. Christopher's, and many other considerable places, and taken great booties of cattle, corn, and other stores and provisions, and that we had reduced the fort in the island of Statie, and two of our 128 THE HISTORY OF nrivateers falling in with twelve F-nch"-eha^J--bo^^^^^^^^ fen;T'r"nt'theTsro"„^L'J:nU'ch:bou^rg, where .he, weJeTli shipwFecked, except the frigate, and most ot the men ''ThrrebeU in Scotland, promising themselves great advantages from the Frenih Sng on'oW coastr, and be ,.g deceived bv false all ™??;"»"!,'r' f;j7,',»^^,3^^^^^ and taken prisoners, with Tg" a' qui tft; of 'c1a;:t'an°d otLr provisions, and a great nu™,.r itrkr«""em^ai'r^^^^^^^^^ Mackay. hawms secured Dublin in safe hands, caused hisarm^ t"o"ma'hSds LfmerS, where Tjrconnel and Lauzun S^s:ra§^J^SBgS5 ;'^?:;:i:a!^?reKeth5n«.s,,^^^^ STe'ri'ero^e^SSwed'tnS^hl'ga^^^ Ihf Kin« »«''g.««^«^^'P/ ^r Centa, on the cSast of Africa, -^ j*^^ ^f ' ^^Bre^^t b^^^^^^^ went to Portugal to refit, so that instead of being at "•^e^^/I^.^S'" Tng o? April,\e did not arrive there till the be?.n"ing of July, and carafe a minut; too late, as he said, to join Tournlle The Queen o En-land, upon notice of the embarking of so many ™^n' ^^^""^ aU necessary orders for securing the coasts, ^» 9^ s/jeral hor^s were seized whose owners designed to have joined the enemy upon ineir rcentrwhlch was intended to have been a*>-.^ J-^--^^^^^^^^ ■ 1 1 f w:„».# K\ncr Tames With his Irish torces were come w King James's assurance that the English would not fight, but be '•"TheTn °S' and Dutch fleets being happily joined without an, ol^^rtL' fro™ the -7- f^r ^^^^^^^^^^^ Ca";e Batfl°e"u* AirrarrSine halving the wind, hastened up to Ae'^Lglish, but the wind slackening, 'h« FjfXrimf c" yen rtdiirii-rtt""-^^^^ Terror ~ f- j'-^rf^n^;^" ■k'^^r s-t^tt KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. 133 the enemy, and being happily got up with them engaged resolutely for four hours, and then Tourville, as his vanguard had done before, retreated with all spied, and, by the favour of a mist, got out of sio-ht. in the afternoon the English blue squadron, which could not coiue up for the calm, fell upon the French blue squadron, where the most obstinite fight was maintained, till the nigiit and mists gave opportunity to the enemy to hasten toward their own coasts. The next d;iy being clear. Admiral Russell discovered them two leagues otf, but could nut come up, by reason of a sudden mist. About eleven at night the French weighed anchor by moon-light, and the confederates pursued them, who, to save themselves, ven- tured among the rocks of Jersey and Guernsey. On the 21st of May the admiral, discovering several men of war upon a bank, near Cape Barfleur, detached Vice-Admiral Delaval, with eight or nine vessels and three fire ships, to set fire to them, which next day was happily effected The Royal Sun, that magnificent ship, commanded by Admiral Tourville, which was the wonder of the world, both for the exquisiteness of her carving and the beauty of her shape, being twenty years in building, by the most skilful shipwrights in Europe, carrying one hundred and ten guns, the Ad« mirable, of one hundred and two, and the Strong, of eighty guns, with two less frigates and three transport ships, were all sacrificed to the flames, and the next day twelve more were burnt in a bay behind the Isle of Aldernay, and this without the loss of one Eng- lish or Dutch ship; the rest of the French fleet fled to Brest, St. Maloes, and other ports, to secure themselves. King James was upon a hill, and through a perspective glass saw the fight; and, upon the first firing of the English, he declared, that it was onl^ a signal for them to come over to the French; but he soon found him- self deceived, and that it was Admiral Russell he had to do withal, and that the intrigues of his Jacobites had not succeeded. Thus it pleased heaven to crown their Majesties navy with a glorious vic- tory, and to preserve us from the chains prepared for us by the two dear allies; for notwithstanding the specious declaration published by Kino- James, upon his assurance of being restored, yet we have all the reason in the world to believe, his pardon would not have secured the nation from Popish vengeance, but that we should have all felt the utmost effects of his rage and fury, as well as the ho- nourabl > and worthy persons following, whom he excluded from all hopes of mercy, that is, the Duke of Ormond, the Marquis of Win- chester ; the f^arls of Sunderland, Bath, Danby, and Nottingham; 134 THE HISTORY OF the Lords Newport, Delamere, Wiltshire, Colchester, Cornbury, Dumblane, and Churchill ; the bishops of St. Asaph and London ; Dr. Tillotson and Dr. Burnet; Knights, Sir Ro. Howard, Sir J. Wordeo, Sir S. Grimston, Sir S. Fox, Sir George Treby, Sir Basil Dixwel, andSir John Oxenden; Esquires, F. Russel, R. Levison, J Trenchard, C. Duncomb, citizens of London ; Edwards, Naple- ton, and Hunt, fishermen, with all others that offered indignities to him at Feversham, with Ashton and Crosse's iudges and jury- men ; also all spies, and those that have betrayed his councils m his May 15, 1692, the French army, after having made many marches and countermarches, invested the strong fortress of Namur, being encouraged thereto by the treacherous Baron de Bersey, who, being born a subject of Spain, and having received some disgust from that court, was corrupted by the French, and, making his escape out of the town, informed the enemy of the condition thereof, which he had got full information of by his intimacy with the go- vernor, the Prince of Brabancon, so as to inform them of the best places for the attack, which was strong and yet weak, so that the town surrendered in five days ; and awhile after William's fort and castle were likewise delivered up. It is very well known, that the King of England took all the pains imaginable, to get his army of several nations together before the siege ; and that the Duke of Lux- emburg, who lay with a strong detachment to cover the besiegers, used all manner of caution to avoid a battle, by encamping in places where he could not be assaulted, being sufficiently acquainted with the temper of King William, to whom it was natural to despise da;n- ger and who pushed on the relief of the place to the utmost; for as soon as he came to Mehaine, he instantly caused bridges to be built in the night to cross the river next morning, and to attack Duke Luxemburg in the morasses, which he had certainly done, if a very extraordinary rain had not fallen, and if all the Generals had not unanimously dissuaded him from it, because of the impossibility of forming a line of battle in a place so full of water. After the surren- der of Namur, the King being informed that the Duke of Luxem- burg was upon his march from Enguien, resolved to advance, with all speed, to the same place, but the French got there before him, and posted themselves between that place and Steinkerken, among hedges and woods : however, King William resolved to attack him there, which much surprized Luxemburg, who, upon view of the advantageous situation of his camp, had said, " That none but an KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY. 1S5 Alexander or a C«sar durst attack him i" t^^^ place ; but it was WiUiam the Great who performed that part, and marchin- silently ail S, fell upon the French with such fury next morn.n-, that, ?„ a fexv hours, above seven thousand of the enemy were « ain, with L ffrearnurabeV of nobility and officers, and afterwards retreated at fei^'re the French not hLing the --age to follow them so that thP attack and retreat were equally glorious, the Kmg na\\"g/J. BOsedWmself amidst the cannon and musket shots where the fi§ht ir honest! riding continually from one -d to the oth^ necessary orders, so that it was next to a niiracle that h'« ^^^"^^ nerson was preserved among so many imminent dangers. Ahus ms Saesty gloriously ended ?his campaign by a s;S"«l/;^t«2pm^es th^FrencTi at sea,^nd by having several ^-es braved his ene^^^^ by land, harassing them by his continual marches, an^ attacking them in their entrenchments, seekin- only an opportunity of putting an ™ni to the war by a general battFe, and so to procure to turope ' On'thetom the'^rench King dares never to appear at the head of his ?roops but endeavours to make himself renowned by treacherv and violation of oaths; these are his fortress; and as- sassinaUoCan^^ ^'^ *^""^«' ^^j^^ ^'? ^^^^/fi^'Vl^^J'of prSited, witness the vafet de chambre who poisoned the Duke of Sorbin the French cook, who, at the instigation of the French L^s'^dor, Voisoned Mr. karboVd, at Belgrade for^^rkTrnd inorocurinff a peace betwixt the Emperor and the Aurks, ana, lastly the iieurde Granval, who, with some othejj, was hired by re fiaJquis of Barbesieux, Secretary to the F-n<:h King, to^^^^^^^ Kinff William being also encouraged thereto by King James ana his Sue^n who tol^him, « If you and the rest do me this service, you sh^l never want?' but this Lrrid viUainy being happdy disco- ^ered Granv^ was, about this time, deservedly execut«i for he Lme.' TnTcJiber, his Majesty returned again to Enf n^J^"'*^^^ parliament being met, he made a gracious ^P^^^J *" ^Jj^^i/^^^ which they unanimously voted a supply of near five millions, tor "X?ngThLlf vTa b^rLVattt'o? the most conside..ble trans actions"! these'kingdoms, till the beginning o t^fJ^-lJ^l^^ ^^ the fifth of their Majesties happy reign, I shall here c<>njl"de, ana hat they may conuiue to reign long and F<>/Pf ^^^jr^.^^eS ought to> the prayer of every good Protestant throughout these three nations. 136 INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS. 137 INDEX Of Names of Persons, Adolphus, of Nassau, 6 Albert, Archduke, 90 Albert, John, Count of Solms, 22 Albeville, Marquis de, 51, 52, bb Allemond, Vice-Admiral, 53 Alva, Duke of, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Alvarez, 7 Anastro, Caspar de, 14 Anglesey, 73 Angus, Earl of, 1 19 Anhauit, J. G. Duke of, 23 Anjou and Alenson, Duke of, 10, 13, 15, 16 Ann, Princess of Denmark, 103 Arembergh, Count, 6 Argyle, Earlof, 51, 111, 112 Arran, Earl of, SO Ashby, Colonel, 37 Ashby, Capt. 116 Ashton, John, 129 Austria, Don John of, 9, 10 Avaux, Count de, 48 Aylesbury, Lord, 87 Aylmer, Capt. 116 Baker, Major, 120, 121 Balcarris, Lord, 116, 117 Balfour, Lieutenant-Colonel, 1 17 Barlemont, Count, 4 Barnewell, 23 Bartard, Henry, of Castille, 11 Bath, Earl of, 64, 77, 133 Bavaria, Duke of, 115, 131 Bentwick, the Sieur, 62 Berghen, Prince of, 130 Bergnes, Count Henry of, 21 Berwick, Duke of, 78, 93, 122, 126 Berry, 120 Bersey, Baron de, 134 Beverning, Monsieur, 24 Biron, Count, 16 Bourbon, Eleonora, 19 Brabancon, Prince of, 21 Brabant, Duke of, 12 Brandenburg, Frederic William, Elector of, 23, 34, 44, 46, 69 Brandenburg, Duke of, 35 Brown, John, 104 Bucan, Colonel, 124, 125, 128 Burnet, Dr. Gilbert, Bishop of Salisbury, U, 65, 107, 134 A\ Calvo, 36 Cambridge, Vice Chancellor of, 54 Campbell, Lieutenant, 81 Cannon, Colonel, 118, 119, 122, 124 Canterbury, Archbishop of, 54, 67, 72, 73 Cardross, 11 Castillon, Admiral, 3, 7 Castlemain, Earl of, 53 Catherina, 23 Catinat, Monsieur, 51 Cellier, Mrs. 57 Chalon, Philibert, Prince of Orange, 2 Chamilly, Marquis of, 34 Charles 1. K. 22 Charles II. K. 26, 38, 41, 43, 51, 124 CharlesV. K. 2, 10, 11 Churchill, Lord, 78, 79, 134 Clarendon, Earl of, 53 Claudia (Sister to the Prince of Orange) 2 Claverhouse, 116 Cleland, Lieutenant Col. 119 Colchester, Lord, 75, 134 Cologne, Elector of, 30 Cologni, Admiral, 7 Cologny, Lovise de, 15 Conde, Prince of, 19, 2S, 31, 32, 33, 35, 45 Copley, Colonel, Deputy Gover- nor of Hull, 77 Cornbury, Lord, 78, 134 Cottrell, Sir Charles, 111 Courland, Prince of, 34 Crequi, Monsieur, 3bj 36, 39 Crone, 129 Cross, Godfrey, 127 Culenburgh, Count, 5 Cunningham, Capt. 120 Dalrymple, Sir John, 111 D'Avaux, Monsieur, 59 Danby, Earl of, 77, 133 Delabody, Mr. 90 Delamere, Lord, 75, 77, 87, 134 Delaval, Vice-Admiral, 1^ Denmark, King of, 44 Denmark, Queen of, 122 Denmark, William, Prince of, 122 Denmark, Princess of, 58, 78, 80, 122, 123 Denmark, George, Prince of, 78 Dixwel, Sir B. 134 Douglas, Lieutenant, 120 Drumlanering, Earl of, 128 Dumblane, Earl of, 134 Dumferling, Earlof, 118, 119 Duncomb, C. Esq. 134 Dundee, Viscount, 111, 116, 118 Egmont, Count, 3, 4, 5 Elector Palatine, 1 15 Eliot, Edmund, 129 Elizabeth, Queen of England, 13, 19 Ely, Bishop of, 73, 86 Engilbert, 1 Everston, Admiral, 127 Exeter, Bishop of, 81 Fagel, Jasper, 24 Fagel, Monsieur, 26 Fagel, Minheer, 55 Fairfax, Lord, 77 Farieux, Monsieur, 28 Fenwick, Colonel, 37 Feurarier, Lady, 58 Feversham, Earl of, 40, 78, 84, 87,91 Florence, Duke of, 85 Foxe, Sir Stephen, 48, 134 138 INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS. Francis I. 2 Francis, Alban, 54 Furstemburgh, Cardinal, 59 Gerrard, Baltazar, 17 Ginkle, General, 130 Gloucester, Duke of, 35 Godolphin, Lord, 81, 82, 88 Gordon, Duke of, 109, 118 Graham, J. Es^. 129 Grana, Marquis, Governor of Flanders, 48 Granville, Cardinal, 3, 4, 5, II Grimston, Sir S. 134 Grovelin, Governor of, 14 Guise, Duke of, 7 Gujon, Francis, 16 Hacket, Captain, 119 Hales, Sir Edward, 81 Halifax, Marquis of, 81, 82, 87, 98 Hamilton, Duke of, 97, 112, 118 Head, Sir Richard, 89 Hein, Vice-Adminil, 21 Henrietta, 23 Henry III. King of France, 10 Henry IV. 45 Henry Frederick, of Nassau, Prince of Orange, 15, 21 Henry, Prince, 2, 8, 22, 23 Henry, Prince William, 23 Herbert, Admiral, 63, 116 Hermosa, Duke de Villa, 35, 36, 37 Hicks, Captain, 64 HoUoway, Judge, 58 Horn, Count, 3, 3 Howard, Sir J. 134 Humienes, Marshal de, 30, 36, 44 HuntiDgton, Earl of, 77 Hunt, Edward, 134 Ingoldsby, Colonel, 122 Isabella, the Infanta, 19 James, King, 51, 60 James II. King, 99, 100, 101, 105, 108, 115, 116, 117, 120, 125, 132, 135 James VII. King, 111 Jefferies, Chancellor, 81 Joanille, 14 Kirk, Major General, 121 L'Abadie, Lady, 58, 61 Lanier, Sir John, 1 18 Langdale, Lord, 77 Lauzan, 128 Leicester, Earl of, 20 Lei^e, Bishop of, 115 Levingstone, Sir Thomas, 124, 128 Levison, R. Esq. 134 Lewis, Prince, 4, 6, 8 Lochelly, Lord of, 122 Lochone, Lord, 117 Lodowick, Count of, 4 London, Lord Bishop of, 53, 54, 122, 134 Louis XIII. 45 Louis XIV. 45,115 Lovelace, Lord, 75 Lovison, 23 Lucas, Lord, 85 Lundy, Colonel, 120 Luxemburg, Duke of, 27, 28, 30, 38, 39, 41, 42, 130, 134 Mackay, Major General, 64, 116, 118, 119 Mamow, General, 120 Mansfield, Count, 20 Marsaret, of Austria, 3 Marlborough, Earl of, 128 INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS. 1^ Mary, Queen, 103, 104, 107, HI, 115, 119, 123, 126 Mary, Princess, 22 Matthias, Archduke, 1 1 Maurice, of Nassau, Prince of Oran^, 19, 20, 21 Maximilian, King of the Ro mans, 1 Melfort, Secretary, 1 16 Middleton, 87, 88 Molineux, Lord, 77 Montal, Count, 39 Monterey, Count de, 31 Montgomery, Lord, 77 Montgomery, Sir James, 111 Monmouth, Duke of, 41, 51, 105 Montmorency, Count de, 35 Mordaunt, Lord, 64 Moscovy, Envoy of, 48 Munster, Bishop of, 27, 28, 30, 115 Napleton, Edward, 134 Nassau, Henry, 2 Nassau, Count John ofj 21, 23 Nassau, Philip William of, 18 Ncwberg, Duke of, 115 Newport, Lord, 134 Nottingham, Earl of, 81, 82, 133 Orange, Prince William of, 2, 3,4,5,6,7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18 Orange, Princess Mary of, 40, 55, 100 Orleans, Duke of, 36, 38 Orleans, Duchess of, 36, 38 Ormond, Duke of, 133 Ossory, Earl of, 52 Otho, Count of Nassau, 1 Overkirk, Monsieur, 42, 62 Oxenden, Sir J. 134 t2 Palatine, Count, 8 Parma, Duke of, 19 Parma, Prince of, 15, 17 Pedro, Don, II Pembroke, Earl of, 86, 122 Pen, W. Esq. 129 Peters, Father, 81, 83 PhUip, King, 3, 5, 8, 9, 11, 18, Philip, Archduke, 1 Powis, Marquis of, 126 Powel, Judge, 58 Powle, Henry, Esq. 94, 98 Preston, Lord, 129 Rabenhaupt, General, 34 Requesones, Lewis, 8, 9 Revens, Prince of Orange, 2 Rochefort, Marquis of, 35 Rochester, Bishop of, 73 Rodolpfaus, Emperor of Ger- many, 10, 11, 115 Rosen, Genera], 121 Ross, Lord, 111 Russell, Admiral, 131, 132, 133 Russell, T. Esq. 134 Ruth, Monsieur, St. 130 Sarsfield, General, 81, 131 Savoy, Duke of, 51, 129 Saxony, Prince Elector of, 53 Schomberg, Marshal, 36, 62, 78, 119, 121, 125, 126 Scott, Sir Edward, 93 Sharp, Rev. Dr. 53 Sheldon, Mr. Ralph, 90 Shovel, Captain, 116 Shrewsbury, Lord, 87 Simeren, Duke of, 23 Skelton, Colonel Beril, 81, 85 Solmes, Count, 62 Souches, Genera], 31, S3 Spain, King of, 10,115 140 INDEX OF NAMES OF PERSONS. Spain, Queen of, 121 Spinola, Marquis, 22 St. Asaph, Bishop of, 134 Steward, James, 53, 36 Stirum, Count, 62 Sunderland, Earl of, 133 Swartzenburg, Countess of, 17^ Teage, Governor of Regan, 125 Theresa, Maria, 22 Tillotson, Dr. 134 Torrington, Earl of, 116, 126, 127, 129 Tourville, Vice- Admiral, 13f, 133 Treby, Sir George, Recorder of London, 89, 134 Treiawney, Major-General, 128 Trenchard, J. Esq. 134 Tromp, Admiral, 22^ Turenne, General, 35 Turner, Dr. 129 Tyrconnel, Earl of, 53, 99, 108, 128 Vaudemont, Prince de, 31 Vir, Colonel Paine, 27 Vranden, Countess of, 1 Waldeck, Count, 31, 34, 40 Walker, Dr. 120, 126 Ward, Dr. Seth, 107 Webb, Cornet, 81 Weddrington, 37 Weymouth, Lord, 86 William, Earl of Nassau, 2 William, Count of Bergen, 7 William Henry, of Nassau, Prince of Orange, 23, 24, 31, 32,38,40,44, 45,51, 52, 53, 55,59,74,81,84, 85,87, 91, 95, 97, 98, 99, 101 William, King of England, 103, 107,111, 114, 119, 123, 125, 126, 130, 134, 135 Wiltshire, Lord, 134 Winchester, Marcjuis of, 133 Wirtemburg, Prince of, 130 Witt, Cornelius de, 23, 24, 23 Witt, John de, 23, 24, 25 Woolsey, Colonel, 122 Worden, Sir J. 13-4 Yarmouth, Lord, 87 York, Duke of, 51 York, Archbishop of, 73, 86 Zell, Dukeof, 130 Zuleetein, Monsieur, 87, 88 141 INDEX Of Names of Places. Acth, 39 Agram, 130 Aire, City of, 36 Aix, 53 Aldernay, 133 Alost, 39 America, 114 Amsterdam, 10, 23, f 9 Antwerp, 9, 10, 14, 15, 48 Ardee, 125 Ardenburg, 26, 28 Artois, 2 Athlone, 130 Austria, 9 Ballimore, 130 BantryBay, 116 Beachy, 64, 126 Belfast, 121 Belgrade, 135 Bergen, 7 Bergen ap Zoom, 20 Bevesire, 126 Beumont, 33 Binch, Garrison of, 30 Blair of Athol, 118 Blair, Casde of, 119 Bodegrave, 26 Bois le Due, 21, 51 Bommel, Fortress of, 30 Boyne, River, 123 Brabant, 6, 10 Brandenburg, 59 Breda, 1, 5, 19, 20, 22, 48 Brest, 108, 131, 132, 133 Brill, 7 Brinch, 31 Brufsds, 5, 9, 10, 19, 34, 40, 41, 48, 130, 131 Burgundy, 4 Calais, 64 Cambray, 6, 38, 39 Cambridge, 60, 90 Cambron, 36 Carrickfergus, 121, 125 Cavan, 122 [Centra, 131 Chalons, 2 , ,,. Charibbee Islands, 114 Charlemont, Garrison of, 3, l"> 124, 125 Charleroy, 39 142 INDEX OF NAMES OF PLACES. Charleville, 36 Cherbourg, 128, 132 Cheshire, 75 Chester, 77, 119, 125 Cologne, 53f 59 Conde, 49 Cork, 128 Cornwall, 77 Coverden, City of, 28 Creveceur, 30 Cuba, 21 Delph, 15, 16, 17, S3y 53 Dendermond, 15 Denmark, 103 Devonshire, 74 Dieren, 48 Dillemburg, 5 Dillemburg, Castle ofj 2 Dorsetshire, 51 Dort, 24, 25, 53 Dover, 26, 64 Drogheda, 125 Dublin, 120, 125, 126, 128, 129 Dundalk, 122, 125 Duonose, 126 Dunkirk, 15 Edinburgh, 97, 108, 111, 117, 118, 119, 128 England, 53, 54, 54, 55, 97, 99, 104, 106, 107, 108, 112, 119, 127 Exeter, 64, 65, 72, 74 Feversham, 131 Flanders, 1, 2, 4, 10, 20, 21, 22, 36,41,43,48, 49, 125, 130, 131 Flushing, 3, 7, 8, 28 France, 6, 16, 31, 43, 78, 104, 105, 106, 108, 129 Frankfort, 53 Friezeland, 6, 10, 28 Gallovray, Fortress of, 131 Gaunt, 3, 41 Gemblours, 10 Germain's, St. 45 Germany, Empire of, 1, 6, 8, 10, 39, 59, 105, 115 Gertrudenburg, Town of, 20 Gilaire, St. 33 Gloucester, 75 Granville, 36 Grave, 20, 34, 48 Gravesend, 83, 89 Greenwich, 83 Groin, 124 Groll, 21 Groning, 20 Groningen, 27 Guelderland, 8, 44 Gueldres, L 10 Guernsey, 132, 133 Haarlem, 8 Hague, the, 37, 40, 41, 43, 48, 51, 62, 129 Ham, 88 Hampton, 109 Harderwick, 30 Harwich, 40 Henley upon Thames, 86 Hesse Cassel, 59 Heynault, 7 Highlake, 119 Holland, 4, 7, 8, 10, 15, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 40, 43, 51, 60, 99, 115, 124, 131 Homslaerdike, 40 Hounsleyrdike, 51, 53 Hounslow Heath, 53, 55, 72, 119 Hudson's Bay, 114 Hulst, Fort of, 22 Hungary, 1, 106 Hungerlbrd, 81 INDEX OF NAMES OF PLACES. 143 ^ Innerlochy, 122 Inverness, Fort of, 122 Inniskilling, 100, 120 Ipre, 41 Ireland, 54, 104, 108, 115, 116, 119, 128 Jersey, 133 Kent, 96, 127 Kingftale, 128 Lambeth, 83 Lancashire, 77 Languedoc, 47 Leige, 53 Lethindy, Castle of, 125 Leyden, 8, 9, 23, 27 Limburg, 35 Limerick, 128, 131 Lisburn, 122 Lisnee Garvee, 122 London, City of, 54, 58, 78, 82, 88, 89, 104,111,127 Londonderry, 100, 120 Loo, 51, 130, 131 Lough, Lake of, 120, 121 Lovain, 7, 18 Luxemburg, City of, 49, 134 Lyme, 51 Maestricht, 9, 22, 27, 28, 29, 30, 36, 37, 38, 51, 53 Medway, River, 129 Mehaine, 134 Meurs, 20 Middleburgh, 7 Mocker Hyde, 59 Mons, 33, 41, 129 Montauban, 45 Mount Cassal, 39 Mull, Isle of, 119, 122 Munster, 115 Murray, County of, 128 Naarden, 48 Namur, 9, 131, 134 Nantz, 45, 46, 49 Netherlands, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 21, 28, 52 New York, 1 14 Newfoundland, 114 Newmarket, 40 Newport, 20 Newry, 122 Niewerbroug, 27 Nimegen, 8, 35, 38, 42, 44, 47 Nivelle, 31 Normandy, 132 North Forelands, 63 Nottingham, 75 Odousel, 21 Omers, St. 38, 39 Ommelands, 10 Orange, 2, 47 Ostend, 20 Oudenard, 33 Oxford, City of, 60, 75 Oxford, Magdalen College, 54 Paris, City of, 7, 29, 35, 39, 41, 49, 108 Philipsburg, 38, 105 PhilipvUle, 3 Plymouth, 77 Poland, 106 Portsmouth, 78, 82, 83, 116 Portugal, 22, 132 Reading, 83 Rhine, the, 6, 38 Rhin6burg, 20 Rochel, 45 Rochester, 88, 89 Rome, 5, 53 Rosandael, 35 Rotterdam, 53 Ruremond, 22 144 INDEX OF NAMES OF PLACES. Salisbury, 77, 78 Sambre, 39 Sembreef, 39 Seneffe, 31 Scotland, 61, 54, 65, 97, 98, 99, 110, 112, 117, 118, 124, 128 Scheveling^, 53, 62 Skelmerly, 111 Skink Scans, 22 Sligo, 100, 122 Sluce, 20, 28 Soestdjke, 48 Somersetshire, 74 Spain, 1, 5, 20, 43 St. Helens, 132 St. John's Town, 118 St. Maloes, 133 Stair, 111 Static, Island of, 127 Sterling, 118, 119 Strall, 22 Stratspey, 124 Swammerdam, 27, 28 Sweden, 106 Teignmouth, 127 Thames, River, 63 TUbury Fort, 82 Torbay, 64 Toulon, 132 Treves, 29, 35 Turkey, 106 Turrenne, 29 Twyford Bridge, 83, 84 Utrecht, 4, 10, 21, 27, 28,30,44, 48 Valenciennes, 38, 39, 49 Versailles, 130 Veulo, 22 Vlye, 51 Walcheren, Castle of, 27 Waterford, 125, 126 Wessel, 21 Wexford, 126 Wight, Isle of, 64, 126, 132 Williamstadt, 21 Wincarton, 81 Windsor, 48, 78, 88 Woerden, 27 York, City of, 77 Zealand, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 23, 29, 44 Zurich-zee, 9 Zutphen, 4, 10 FINIS. rMNTFB ■¥ W. KMITH AWD CO. 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