STUDENT 
 
 FRIENDSHIP 
 
 FUND 
 
 Administered through 
 World’s Student 
 Christian Federation 
 
 1921-1922 
 
 NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS 
 129 East 52d Street 
 New York City 
 
STUDENT 
 
 FRIENDSHIP FUND 
 
 Administered through World's 
 Student Christian Federation 
 
 1921-1922 
 
 INFORMATION FOR THE USE OF 
 SPEAKERS AND LEADERS 
 
 Issued by Student Friendship Fund 
 October 15, 1921 
 
 NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS 
 129 East 52d Street 
 New York City 
 
World’s Student Christian Federation 
 
 John R. Mott, Chairman 
 
 C\ T. Wang, First Vice-Chairman 
 
 Michi Kawai, Second Vice-Chairman 
 
 H. C. Rutgers, Treasurer 
 
 Kuth Rouse, Secretary to Executive Committee 
 
 Council of North American Student 
 Movements 
 
 Representing 
 
 The Student Young: Men’s Christian Associations 
 of the United States 
 
 The Student Young ‘Women’s Christian Associa¬ 
 tions of the United States ~ 
 
 The Student Christian Mcrvement of Canada 
 
 The Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign 
 Missions 
 
 John R. Mott, Chairman 
 Charles "W. Bishop, Vice-Chairman 
 
 r 
 
 Clara S. Reed, Treasurer 
 David R. Porter, Secretary 
 
 Student Friendship Fund 
 
 V 
 
 Advisory Committee 
 
 Jane Addams, Hall House, Chicago, Ill. 
 
 Edwin A. Alderman, President University of Vir¬ 
 ginia 
 
 Jamies Rowland Angell, President Yale Univer¬ 
 sity 
 
 Sarah Louise Arnold, Dean Emeritus Simmons 
 College 
 
 Henry Turner Bailey, Dean Cleveland School of 
 Art 
 
 David P. Barrows, President University of Cal¬ 
 ifornia 
 
 Mary Leal Harkness Black, Vice-President The 
 Classical Association of the Middle West and 
 South 
 
 William L. Bryan, President University of In¬ 
 diana 
 
 Marion LeRoy Burton, President University of 
 Michigan 
 
 Valentine Chandor—Head xMistress, Miss Chandor’s 
 School 
 
 i 
 
 Ada Comstock, President American Associatiom 
 of University Women 
 
 John H. Finley, Associate Editor New York 
 Times 
 
 H. A. Garfield, President Williams College 
 J. E. Gregg, President Hampton Institute 
 John Grier Hibben, President Princeton Univer¬ 
 sity 
 
 Herbert C. Hoover, Secretary of Commerce 
 David Kinley, President University of Illinois 
 
 Amelia Mary Rheinhardt, President Mills Col¬ 
 lege, California 
 
 Mrs. Robert E, Speer, President National Board 
 of the Young Women’s Christian Associations 
 
 M. Carey Thomas, President Bryn Mawr College 
 Robert E. Vinson, President University of Texas 
 
 Ray L. Wilbur, President Leland Stanford, Jr., 
 University 
 
 Lucy Madeira Wing, Principal Miss Madeira’s 
 School, Washington 
 
 Woodrow Wilson, former President U. S. A. 
 
 2 
 
HERBERT HOOVER TO THE 
 STUDENTS OF AMERICA 
 
 He said October y, 1^20: 
 
 “The conditions in the Central and 
 Eastern European universities make it 
 imperative that we should undertake at 
 the earliest possible moment further en¬ 
 deavor to meet their needs. Students, 
 both men and women, and professors are 
 suffering greatly. Unless we can pro¬ 
 vide every possible means for worthy 
 students to continue their studies in as 
 favorable an atmosphere as possible, we 
 shall see a decadence in the intellectual 
 fibre of Europe. We have a strong ob¬ 
 ligation to these colleges for the great 
 services they have rendered in the past 
 in adding to our store of knowledge. 
 To allow these institutions to disin¬ 
 tegrate would be a disaster, not only to 
 their own nations, but to the whole civ¬ 
 ilized world. I find that your Commit¬ 
 tees at work among students of Euro¬ 
 pean universities are doing wonderful 
 work in encouraging self-help, in hold¬ 
 ing the staffs and students together, and 
 in maintaining the morale of the uni¬ 
 versities.” 
 
 He said September 26, 1Q21: 
 
 “I am impressed with the fact that 
 there is no greater service that can be 
 perform.ed than that of keeping alive the 
 institutions through which the real ad¬ 
 vancement and social recovery of Europe 
 must arise. I believe we can carry our 
 own burdens and still help them. I wish 
 you well with the work, and I trust that 
 your sense of sacrifice will enable you 
 to continue it.” 
 
 Student Relief Is Administered Im¬ 
 partially, Without Regard to Race, 
 Nationality, or Creed, or Any Other 
 
 Criterion Than Proven Need. 
 
 3 
 
STAND BY THE STUDENTS OF 
 EUROPE—WHY? 
 
 From year to year there is pouring 
 into the commercial, industrial and pro¬ 
 fessional life of our country a larger 
 and still larger proportion of educated 
 men and women. This is, of course, as 
 it should be. That the army of our 
 students is larger this year than ever 
 before is significant and assuring, par¬ 
 ticularly when it is considered how very 
 recent was the time when the orderly 
 processes of our national life were dis¬ 
 traught by war and its early aftermath. 
 The demands of modern times in all 
 fields of effort are for that combination 
 of intellectual, moral and physical 
 equipment which makes of every man 
 and woman a purposeful and intelligent 
 builder and champion of a forward- 
 looking civilization. 
 
 With few among its young people 
 who need face more than ordinary ob¬ 
 stacles in the pursuit of an education, 
 America feels secure in the constant re¬ 
 plenishment and increase of the number 
 of her citizens who have a trained equip¬ 
 ment of mind as well as of heart and 
 hand. In her educational opportunities, 
 in the democracy of her educational sys¬ 
 tems, the thirst of her young people for 
 educational advancement, and the mani¬ 
 fold outlets for the service of educated 
 men and women America senses the 
 building of that finer humanity which 
 will insure a stable, peaceful and pros¬ 
 perous world. 
 
 But can America find reasonable con¬ 
 tentment in her own extraordinary 
 blessings; can she feel secure; can she 
 
 4 
 
feel assured of the future, when in most 
 of the countries of Europe the student 
 generation, which means the future iu' 
 tellectual fibre, is fighting against des¬ 
 perate odds for just that kind of educa¬ 
 tion which hundreds of thousands of 
 American students are obtaining under 
 normal conditions and advantages ? 
 
 By every consideration of economics, 
 of political and racial relationships, of 
 intellectual and spiritual sympathies, our 
 own future is more closely knit with the 
 future of the peoples of Europe than 
 with those of any other Continent. Yet 
 in Europe heroic but woefully handi¬ 
 capped groups are struggling for the pres¬ 
 ervation, the vitalization and refinement 
 of the mental and moral values, the prin¬ 
 ciples and institutions which stand at the 
 very heart of sustained recovery aixl 
 progress. The disintegration of these 
 things could be nothing but disastrous, 
 not only to the nations directly concerned, 
 but to the whole civilized world. If they 
 fail; indeed if they hold to life but do so 
 only feebly and without power for many 
 years to make their impress upon the 
 remoulding of Europe, how immeasur¬ 
 able will be the loss to us and how con¬ 
 victing will be our failure to have served 
 as fully as we should the call of friend¬ 
 ship and of duty! 
 
 Fortunately the method of preserva¬ 
 tion is clearly apparent, as experience 
 during the past year has proven. It is 
 through the preservation of the human 
 element involved; through making it 
 possible for worthy, needy students to 
 persist in their studies. Educational 
 institutions and the educational future 
 will be conserved if the student genera- 
 
tion itself does not fail. The promise of 
 an equipped leadership for Europe’s fu¬ 
 ture lies therein. That is the great and 
 already justified hope in the work of 
 relief which has been going forward now 
 for a year and more at the behest of the 
 students of more fortunate lands. 
 
 It is cause for profound thanksgiving 
 that the students of America undertook 
 in 1920, in common with the students 
 of other countries, to express their ap¬ 
 preciation of the crisis and their desire 
 to aid in overcoming it. Through meas¬ 
 ures of physical relief and means for 
 self-help administered by the World’s 
 Student Christian Federation in coopera¬ 
 tion with the American Relief Admin¬ 
 istration many thousands of worthy stu¬ 
 dents have been lifted from despair and 
 placed in position to complete their edu¬ 
 cation. The work has been the more 
 effective in that the recipients of relief 
 are doing all that is within their own 
 
 power to maintain themselves. The ma¬ 
 jority of the students in most of the 
 
 countries served are giving part time to 
 whatever employment comes to their 
 hands, no matter how pitifully small the 
 compensation. 
 
 Relief operations have been conducted 
 in eleven countries on the basis of con¬ 
 tributions from students in more than 
 twice that number of countries. The 
 immediate results have been large; the 
 permanent results cannot be estimated; 
 but certainly the moral and spiritual 
 results will far outweigh all others. This 
 is an inevitable conclusion when it is 
 considered that the students of upwards 
 of forty nations have been drawn to¬ 
 gether in a common effort to pool their 
 
 6 
 
available resources to save part of their 
 number from physical and intellectual 
 starvation, " and to build stronger and 
 more lasting foundations for the world 
 relationships of the future. The service 
 has transcended all barriers of race, na¬ 
 tionality, language, creed or political 
 animosity. 
 
 The conditions emphasized when the 
 funds for student relief were raised a 
 year ago have not yet been relieved of 
 their critical aspects. The decision of 
 all whose business it has been to admin¬ 
 ister the work and to take account of 
 conditions is that the relief operations 
 must continue for at least another year 
 if that point is to be reached where the 
 work can be discontinued without sacri¬ 
 fice to the purpose to which it is dedi¬ 
 cated. 
 
 The support of this cause presents a 
 peculiar appeal to the students of Amer¬ 
 ica. The conditions under which they 
 themselves are working are extraordi¬ 
 narily advantageous. They have already 
 shown that they have the impulse, the 
 will and the naeans to express their 
 friendship for the students of Europe. 
 And it is confidently felt that these stu¬ 
 dents of America, both men and women, 
 in colleges and universities, in schools 
 of whatever sort, will want the service 
 for their fellow students abroad to 
 “carry on.” 
 
 It is with this confidence that ob¬ 
 servers whose judgment is highly re¬ 
 garded by the student world have taken 
 occasion at this time to present their 
 opinions on the subject of continued 
 relief work for the students of Europe. 
 A number of these expressions are ap- 
 
 7 
 
pended. They are impressive, but their 
 authors will testify that in no particular 
 has the case been overstated, but rather 
 that every expression of opinion given 
 understates the need .‘and urgency of 
 the work. 
 
 Expert Testimony 
 
 Dr. James Rowland Angell, Presi¬ 
 dent of Yale, in matriculation address 
 delivered before the student body, Octo¬ 
 ber 2d, said: “The social order the 
 world over and particularly in Eastern 
 and Central Europe, has been shaken to 
 
 V 
 
 its very foundation. Stability and so¬ 
 briety and reason will only assert them¬ 
 selves again as a generation trained to 
 honest thinking and courageous endeavor 
 once more comes into command. 
 
 “Modern society is calling as never 
 before in our lifetime for leadership, for 
 men with vision and character, with 
 trained intelligence, with hope and confi¬ 
 dence in the finer humanity that is to 
 come. And where shall such men be 
 sought, where shall they be bred, if not 
 in our colleges and universities, where 
 are gathered all that history and civiliza¬ 
 tion and science and art have to teach 
 us of God and man and nature. 
 
 “Social and political ideals are in fer¬ 
 ment, moral and religious traditions are 
 under unprecedented strain, commercial 
 and industrial relations are experiencing 
 almost revolutionary change—and more 
 is to follow. Surely never has the call for 
 independent thinking and courageous 
 initiative been so loud and so insistent.” 
 
 Dr. Bernard I. Bell, President of 
 St. Stephens’ College: “The students 
 of today are the greatest single force in 
 
 8 
 
the creating of international good will 
 among the thinking population of all na¬ 
 tions. I am convinced that scholarship 
 in Europe is alarmingly deteriorating 
 because of lack of books, underfeeding 
 and physical feebleness. If the Ameri¬ 
 can student can visualize thousands of 
 students, underfed, - housed scarcely 
 better than beasts, calling for help in the 
 name of common learning and common 
 religion, they will contribute the amount 
 needed for the Student Friendship 
 Fund.” 
 
 Lord Robert Cecil, Chancellor of 
 the University of Birmingham: 
 
 “There is no such thing as material 
 learning; World learning is the only 
 thing worth considering. In the great 
 task of promoting the brotherhood of 
 humanity is learning to lag behind? 
 
 “Let us not forget the great work done 
 in past ages by the universities in keep¬ 
 ing alive by the interchange of learning 
 the idea of the essential unity of man¬ 
 kind, and now that there is springing up 
 in the hearts of so many the ardent long¬ 
 ing for a new era, let the universities also 
 do their part, and by material help and 
 common effort show that in pursuing the 
 advancement of learning they have not 
 forgotten causes of even greater and 
 holier moment.” 
 
 Sir Maurice de Bunsen, former 
 British Ambassador to Vienna: 
 
 “I had ample opportunity of observing 
 how the contributions of our Universi¬ 
 ties and Colleges are distributed among 
 the needy members of the University of 
 Vienna and other seats of learning in 
 Central Europe. I am convinced that 
 the machinery of distribution on the spot 
 
 9 
 
is thoroughly efficient and most econom¬ 
 ically worked. The objective of the work 
 is actually attained; the universities of 
 Central Europe are being materially 
 aided to keep open their doors. Relief 
 is fulfilling a noble purpose in keeping 
 alight the torch of learning in countries 
 where its brilliancy -has been overshad¬ 
 owed by the national disaster . I am ab¬ 
 solutely certain that this work is helping 
 powerfully towards drawing together 
 again nations naturally friendly to each 
 other but estranged by war.” 
 
 Dr. John H. Finley, Associate Edi¬ 
 tor New York **Times/^ and former 
 Commissioner of Education, State 
 of New York: “Out of my own obser¬ 
 vation of what the World’s Student 
 Christian Federation is doing out in some 
 of the new republics of Europe, I am 
 able to give warmest support to this great 
 organization. I remember particularly 
 and vividly the students whom I saw in 
 the old University of Dorpat in Esthonia 
 (old, yet young with the spirit of an 
 American Middle Western College of 
 fifty years ago) enjoying the nourishing 
 hospitality of the Federation. 
 
 “But all this is but a preface to an in¬ 
 tellectual and spiritual comradeship 
 among the students who are to be the 
 leaders in the world affairs of tomorrow.” 
 
 Professor Thomas W. Graham, 
 Oberlin College: “The fate of demo¬ 
 cratic movements in Central Europe is 
 largely in the hands of the student 
 classes. Thousands of the best type are 
 struggling under almost unbearable physi¬ 
 cal conditions, paying a heavy price for 
 necessary training. They need friendly 
 
 10 
 
encouragement expressed through food, 
 clothing, books, and medical supplies, in 
 order to continue the struggle to fix 
 democratic ideals in Europe and replace 
 hatreds with good will.” 
 
 Dr. John Grier Hibben, President 
 of Princeton University: “The hope 
 of the future in Europe lies in the edu¬ 
 cation of the coming generation, and it 
 is certainly a privilege if in America we 
 can help at least to feed and clothe the 
 young men and women of these devasted 
 lands so that they may pursue their 
 studies without the gnawing anxiety 
 in their hearts as to where or how they 
 can obtain sufficient food to keep them 
 barely alive.” 
 
 Dr. John R. Mott, Chairman of 
 the World’s Student Christian Fed¬ 
 eration: “Because of the importance of 
 the present generation of European stu¬ 
 dents, grave problems press upon every 
 land in Europe. It is of supreme im¬ 
 portance that the life and efficiency of 
 this generation of future leaders be safe¬ 
 guarded.” 
 
 “Such a friendly and unselfish ministry 
 by the students and professors of Amer¬ 
 ica and other lands will help to lay secure 
 foundations for the rebuilding of the 
 shattered international structure. It is 
 most fitting that the generating centers 
 of leadership among the nations should 
 take initiative in this most important re¬ 
 construction task.” 
 
 II 
 
STUDENT RELIEF: ITS PAST, 
 PRESENT, FUTURE 
 The Beginning of Relief 
 
 Relief operations in behalf of the stu¬ 
 dents of Europe had their beginning in 
 Vienna in March, 1920, following upon 
 investigations made by representatives 
 of the World’s Student Christian Fed¬ 
 eration. This organization, formed in 
 1895, in which the students of nearly 
 every country in the world are actively 
 represented, is a federation of National 
 Student Christian Movements. It is a 
 student organization of friendship, inter¬ 
 denominational, interconfessional, fully 
 international. Throughout the spring 
 and summer of 1920 relief operations 
 were continued and enlarged in Vienna 
 in cooperation with the Society of 
 Friends. During that summer opera¬ 
 tions were also begun, together with the 
 Society of Friends and the American 
 Y. M. C. A., in several other countries, 
 and work which had been going on for 
 some time among foreign students in 
 Switzerland was continued. 
 
 The General Scheme Launched 
 
 The general European Student Relief 
 scheme was formally launched in August, 
 1920, by the unanimous decision of rep¬ 
 resentatives of students of thirty-nine 
 nations gathered at Beatenberg, Switzer¬ 
 land as the Executive Committee of the 
 World’s Student Christian Federation. 
 
 During the fall of that year campaigns 
 for funds and supplies were carried on 
 in the different countries, and further 
 organization of the relief efforts in the 
 respective fields was undertaken. A fund 
 of approximately $480,000 was con- 
 
 12 
 
tributed by the students of America. 
 Contributions were made by twenty-five 
 other countries. In cooperation with the 
 American Relief Administration the 
 work expanded progressively until April 
 of this year, when the full program was 
 
 in operation in the following eleven 
 countries of Central and Eastern Europe: 
 Asia Minor, Austria, Czechoslovakia, 
 Esthonia, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, 
 Poland, Turkey; also in France and 
 Switzerland among foreign students. 
 
 The operations have touched 120 dif¬ 
 ferent institutions of higher learning, 
 with an attendance of 250,000 students. 
 Help has been given in one form or an¬ 
 other to some 70,000 students. 
 
 The Decision to Continue 
 
 At a meeting of the Executive Com¬ 
 mittee of the World’s Student Christian 
 Federation at Hardenbroek Castle in 
 Holland in June of this year the work of 
 relief was reviewed, and reports as to 
 
 the condition of students and of the 
 countries of Europe generally were pre¬ 
 sented by expert investigators. The re¬ 
 sulting decision was that operations 
 should be continued through 1922 and 
 that an appeal should be made to stu¬ 
 dents throughout the world to make this 
 continuation possible. 
 
 The decision was later endorsed by the 
 North American Student Movements in 
 which are represented student bodies, 
 including the Student Young Men’s 
 Christian Associations, Student Young 
 Women’s Christian Associations and 
 Student Volunteer Movements; by the 
 American Relief Administration, and 
 by numerous other qualified authorities. 
 
 13 
 
EUROPEAN STUDENT RELIEF 
 
 WORLD’S STUDENT CHRISTIAN 
 FEDERATION 
 
 During 1920-1921 relief was adminis¬ 
 tered through, the^ World^s Student 
 Christian Federation to 70,000 European 
 students in 120 universities with an en¬ 
 rollment of 250,000 students. 
 
 Countries contributing to and receiv¬ 
 ing student relief in Central and Eastern 
 Europe: 
 
 CONTRIBUTION 
 
 DISTRIBUTION 
 
 Argentine 
 Canada 
 China 
 Denmark 
 Egypt 
 England 
 France 
 India and Ceylo 
 Italy 
 Jamaica 
 Japan 
 
 ^nd value of 
 Tood and clothin^^ 
 Idistributed IhmWSII 
 
 Japanese inU.sAilt COOperdlion 
 Netherlands^r^^with theA.I\.A.> 
 
 Norway 
 Portugal' 
 Roumanian 
 South Africa; 
 Sweden 
 Switzerland^ 
 United Kingdom^ 
 United States 
 
 $ 600 , 000 . 
 
 Refugee students 
 in Germany. 
 Hungary 
 
 Because of the exchange value of the 
 American dollar in Europe, every con¬ 
 tribution in dollars multiplies itself many 
 times when applied to relief work. 
 
 The funds raised last fall in this coun¬ 
 try came as a result of an appeal made 
 by student organizations of America in 
 cooperation with the American Relief 
 Administration. The appeal this year 
 is being continued by student organiza¬ 
 tions, with the enedorsement of the Amer- 
 
 14 
 
ican Relief Administration, although the 
 A. R. A. is not making a nationwide 
 canvass at this time. 
 
 Since the World’s Student Christian 
 Federation administers relief to students 
 in Eastern as well as Central Europe, 
 the Near East Relief and the Student 
 Friendship Fund have made the follow¬ 
 ing agreement in regard to raising funds 
 in the United States: 
 
 That these two relief movements ought 
 to continue their independent appeals to 
 their own constituencies, but that the 
 workers in both movements should co¬ 
 operate. 
 
 That it is clear that each organization 
 should continue its own natural ap¬ 
 proaches to their fields, the Student 
 Movement having a primary approach 
 to the campus through its regularly or¬ 
 ganized work; the Near East Relief has 
 a primary approach to the community 
 and as such would expect college stu¬ 
 dents to assist in the community cam¬ 
 paign. 
 
 That it is recognized that the final de¬ 
 cision concerning local financial cam¬ 
 paigns in any college rests wholly in the 
 hands of the responsible coimmittees 
 within each local institution. 
 
 m 
 
 15 
 
NEEDS FOR 1921-1922 
 
 With Russia opening^ her doors to 
 relief additional responsibility for the 
 assistance of Russian students is placed 
 on the Relief Committee of the World’s 
 Student Christian Federation. It is 
 difficult to estimate.at this time how 
 gfreat this demand will be. 
 
 An increasing: number of “foreigfn” 
 and refugfee students have come to the 
 United States from Europe this year. 
 Many of these students need such help 
 as the Federation can g^ive. To care for 
 this gfroup there will be required $ 78 , 000 , 
 of which amount one half is to be con¬ 
 sidered as a revolving: loan fund. 
 
 A constantly increasing* demand has 
 been made on the reg:ular staff of the 
 World’s Student Christian Federation 
 for work in connection with relief and 
 $ 18,000 toward the current budget 
 should be provided. 
 
 To adequately meet the above needs 
 and continue to provide relief already 
 undertaken a minimum of $ 750,000 will 
 be required. Much more could be wisely 
 used. In order to secure the minimum of 
 $ 750,000 it will be necessary for the 
 students of America to give at least one 
 half a million dollars. American student 
 contributions last year for European re¬ 
 lief, chiefly student, totalled approxi¬ 
 mately $580,000. The nature of relief 
 will, as in the past, be determined by ex¬ 
 isting conditions. The Relief Committee 
 estimates the following approximate pro¬ 
 portions; feeding, medical help, 30 %; 
 clothing, 17 ^; housing, 3 %; books, 
 self-help, student exchange, 3 %; refugee 
 students, 23 %; administration, visitation, 
 emergency fund, \y%. 
 
 16 
 
The Contributing Countries 
 
 Either through national committees or 
 through individuals, students in the fol¬ 
 lowing countries contribute in different 
 ways to the work: Australia, Canada, 
 China, Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, 
 France, Germany, Great Britain and Ire¬ 
 land, Holland, India, Italy, Jamaica, Ja¬ 
 pan, Latin America (including Argentina, 
 Brazil, Chile, Peru and Uruguay), New 
 Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Russia, 
 Spain, Serbia, South Africa, Sweden, 
 Switzerland and the United States. 
 
 Each country has developed its own 
 method of financial campaign. In Hol¬ 
 land a Central National Committee was 
 organized. In Great Britain the con¬ 
 tributions have been made through the 
 University Section of the War Relief 
 Fund. In other lands a special National 
 University Committee was formed. In 
 others the appeal has been made by 
 existing student organizations. 
 
 How Directed and Administered 
 
 The work is directed by an Interna¬ 
 tional Relief Committee under the direc¬ 
 tion of the World’s Student Christian 
 Federation. Funds and supplies are 
 cleared through the central office at 
 Geneva. Apart from a limited number 
 of executives in the field, operations in 
 the relief areas are conducted largely 
 through voluntary workers. The field 
 representatives in each country are work¬ 
 ing through committees of students of 
 diverse nationality and religion. At least 
 half of the field staff is composed of 
 women. A system of Visiting Repre¬ 
 sentatives has been developed whereby 
 
 17 
 
the different contributing nations send 
 student representatives for periods of 
 three months to work under the field 
 representatives. 
 
 Principles Followed in Relief 
 
 1. All relief work is conducted as far as 
 possible on sound economic lines, no stu¬ 
 dent being helped without careful exami¬ 
 nation of his financial and other needs. 
 Students pay to the utmost of their ability 
 for whatever they receive. 
 
 2. Self-help is in every possible way en¬ 
 couraged. 
 
 3. ' Close cooperation is followed with ex¬ 
 isting agencies, both in raising money 
 and in administration on the field, to 
 avoid overlapping. The aim is, by care¬ 
 ful correlation of effort and the mini¬ 
 mum of overhead expense to secure the 
 maximum relief for the maximum num¬ 
 ber of students in so far as this is possible 
 without (a) endangering the principle of 
 self-help, and (b) without losing sight 
 of the importance of developing human 
 personal contacts. In every field effort 
 is made to work in accordance with the 
 national spirit and methods, and to make 
 use of indigenous workers and agencies 
 
 4. Relief is administered impartially, 
 without regard to race, nationality, or 
 creed, or any other criterion than proven 
 need. 
 
 Nature of Relief Operations 
 
 The nature of relief operations is 
 manifold and varied with the respective 
 countries; also to some extent with local 
 and individual needs. The methods of 
 relief may be summarized under the 
 heads of food distribution, clothing dis- 
 
 i8 
 
tribution, housing, heating and lighting 
 facilities, books, medical aid, self-help, 
 and that abstract element of encourage¬ 
 ment which can best be described by the 
 simple word “friendship”. The purpose 
 of relief far transcends that of mere 
 physical aid, but this is obviously an 
 absolute essential in any practical effort, 
 to meet the needs. Inasmuch as this 
 form of relief is necessarily basic and 
 applies generally throughout the relief 
 areas, an indication of what is being 
 done in. this regard is offered before 
 pointing out other forms of service. 
 
 Food and Clothing 
 
 A recent report from the Geneva 
 headquarters announced that the Euro¬ 
 pean Student Relief was serving one 
 meal a day to more than 27,000 students 
 in the chief countries of Central Europe, 
 while supplementary food was being 
 supplied by the American Relief Ad¬ 
 ministration, on the basis of funds con¬ 
 tributed to the student enterprisje, to 
 over 40,000 more in other parts of that 
 area. In addition there had been dis¬ 
 tributed, among other foodstuffs, 63 
 tons of cocoa, 93,500 tins of condensed 
 milk, 5,300 kilo bacon, 7,200 kilo lard, 
 76,000 kilo flour, 10,700 kilo sugar, 
 14,900 kilo corned beef. 
 
 Of clothing there had been distributed 
 3,250 suits and costumes, 4,600 sweaters, 
 1,850 overcoats, 19,000 pairs of socks 
 and stockings, 4,900 pairs of boots, 3,500 
 suits of pajamas, 2,300 sets of under¬ 
 wear, 5,200 pairs of gloves, besides quan¬ 
 tities of miscellaneous clothing and ma¬ 
 terial for underclothing. 
 
 19 
 
Quantities of clothing and other per¬ 
 sonal essentials are purchased by the 
 relief organizations and sold at greatly 
 reduced prices. 
 
 Housing 
 
 This feature of the service is vitally 
 important. The housing conditions of 
 thousands of students are deplorable. 
 Men and women are living in crowded, 
 dark and unheated rooms and without 
 lighting facilities. A recent report from 
 Warsaw states that 12,000 students are 
 without quarters. In Budapest the hos¬ 
 tel in which 32 students live is over a 
 stable, with no washing or heating fa¬ 
 cilities. In another building 16 men 
 were found in each of three rooms and 
 15 in another. 
 
 Barracks have been obtained from 
 Government departments in several of 
 the countries and fitted up to meet such 
 needs. Necessary equipment in the way 
 of beds, blankets, etc., has been supplied 
 to existing student hostels. The initia¬ 
 tive of the European Student Relief in 
 meeting the housing problem has brought 
 forth impressive cooperation from stu¬ 
 dents and also from Governments. 
 
 Self-Help Schemes 
 
 The relief representatives initiated in 
 Prague, as a means of meeting the hous¬ 
 ing crisis, the idea of a student colony. 
 Four million crowns were given by the 
 Government, the Red Cross promised 
 beds and blankets, the City donated the 
 ground, and 500 students built ten bar¬ 
 racks to house 750 students, while women 
 students helped in the kitchen and dining- 
 
 20 
 
(It Relief Area 
 
 M KEY 
 
 boundary of area of need 
 
 Central receiving and distributing 
 headquarters 
 
 From countries coninbutmg relief 
 To countnes recetvin5 relief. 
 
 
 
 AuSTIIAlIA 
 
 
 XCAlAmO 
 
 I/NOI A 
 
 JAPA N 
 
 *om which students are con- 
 hich it is being administered, 
 /ing and distributing head- 
 
 irough the World's Student 
 
room which were hastily put up to feed 
 tlie student workmen. All received two 
 meals a day. “No Work—No Meals” 
 was the motto. Only students who took 
 part in the building are allowed to live 
 in the barracks. 
 
 The self-help plan described above is 
 but one of a variety of methods which 
 have been found practical, among them 
 the following: An Austrian woodcut¬ 
 ting camp, Russian student cooperative 
 restaurants in Zurich and Berne, Ger¬ 
 man farm colony at Saarow, student 
 workshops in Warsaw where students 
 control and operate a university printing 
 press and bookbinding establishment, as 
 well as working at tailoring and shoemak¬ 
 ing. In certain countries the relief scheme 
 functions very largely through assistance 
 given to existing national student cooper¬ 
 ative schemes. The whole student body 
 in some countries is evolving nationwide 
 plans for student self-help on a coopera¬ 
 tive basis. The extent to which students 
 seek to make themselves self-supporting 
 is treated in another part of this booklet. 
 
 Medical Aid 
 
 Years of underfeeding, lack of proper 
 sanitation and congested living condi¬ 
 tions have so weakened the resistant 
 powers of many students that anaemia, 
 tuberculosis and other diseases are rife. 
 In Prague a student clinic is operated. 
 In Poland during the past summer 120 
 students were sent for one month each 
 to a sanatorium. Much attention is given 
 to special cases. In Vienna there is 
 usually on the roll between one and two 
 hundred invalid students who are sup- 
 
 21 
 
plied with special food and medicine. At 
 special student farms and holiday camps 
 opportunity is given for rundown stu¬ 
 dents to recuperate. 
 
 Heat and Light 
 
 Study rooms have been secured and 
 supplied with light and heat. Various 
 Governments have been induced to grant 
 cheap rates for fuel and light. Many 
 tons of wood have been purchased and 
 distributed by the Student Relief to stu¬ 
 dent hostels. 
 
 V 
 
 Books 
 
 The relief scheme has very little 
 money to spend for books, but it has 
 been possible to give much essential aid, 
 not only in supplying textbooks and 
 books of reference, but in interest¬ 
 ing other organizations in supplying 
 them, in helping in the organization of 
 cooperative book shops, in supplying 
 paper stock, and acting, as in Hungary, 
 as head of a Government committee deal¬ 
 ing with the question of literature for 
 use by students and faculties. 
 
 The book problem has been a serious 
 one for several reasons. During and 
 after the war the demand for the better 
 class of books decreased and the risk of 
 publishing such books therefore in¬ 
 creased. Moreover, those who are able 
 to publish, as far as educational equip¬ 
 ment and research are concerned, are 
 not in a position to undertake the finan¬ 
 cial risk. Scientific books and journals 
 did not reach Central and Eastern Eu¬ 
 rope during the war, and disadvantages 
 of exchange make their purchase impos¬ 
 sible now for most students. 
 
 22 
 
Europe Itself Cooperating 
 
 From the very first the work has re¬ 
 ceived cordial and substantial aid from 
 nearly every Government in the relief 
 areas. Cooperation has again and again 
 been extended in the following and other 
 ways: In finding and providing offices 
 and buildings for the conduct of the 
 work; providing transportation and vari-* 
 ous supplies; supplying relief, as in Hun¬ 
 gary, in the proportion of five to one 
 for every dollar expended by the Fed¬ 
 eration ; aiding in the selection of stu¬ 
 dents who should receive relief. 
 
 Various national agencies, including 
 the Red Cross societies and numerous 
 smaller bodies of various faiths, have co¬ 
 operated. 
 
 Almost every university where the 
 work extends has provided offices, store 
 rooms, halls, and in some cases dormi¬ 
 tories where needy students may be 
 housed. 
 
 Students themselves are giving lib¬ 
 erally of their time to the administration 
 of relief. Not only through this direct 
 cooperation, but through their own 
 groups are the students of Europe at¬ 
 tempting heroically to meet the situation. 
 
 Efforts at Self Support 
 
 Relief campaigns are often hampered 
 by the belief, exceedingly prevalent in 
 some countries of the Western World, 
 that European students despise non- 
 academic work and prefer dependence 
 on charity to manual labor. Whatever 
 may have been the case before the war, 
 it is not so now. They are turning their 
 hands as well as their mental faculties 
 to whatever work they can find to do. 
 
 23 
 
Carefully collected statistics show that 
 practically every student in Poland, Aus¬ 
 tria and Esthonia, and at least 65 per 
 cent of students in Hungary and 50 per 
 cent in Germany are doing wage-earn¬ 
 ing work; that where they are not work¬ 
 ing it is either because they cannot find 
 work to do or because they are physically 
 unfit; also that the work they are doing 
 rarely brings in enough to support them 
 while studying. In Latvia 80 per cent 
 of the students in the University of Riga 
 are working in Government offices or 
 other places of business. So universally 
 do students earn their living that the 
 University recognizes the system, and no 
 classes are held betweeen 9:00 A. M. 
 and 3 :00 P. M. 
 
 In obtaining manual labor the student 
 meets difficulties with the trades unions. 
 In some countries a student cannot get 
 employment as a printer unless he joins 
 the union, and the unions have in the 
 past opposed the admission of “intellec¬ 
 tuals.” However, trades unions in sev¬ 
 eral coutries, realizing student needs, are 
 letting down the bars and admitting stu¬ 
 dents desirous of helping themselves. 
 Austrian, Czech, Polish and German sta¬ 
 tistics show students working, not only 
 as teachers, typists and clerks, but also 
 as mechanics, wood cutters, harvesters, 
 casual laborers, farm laborers, night 
 watchmen, coal heavers, builders, chauf¬ 
 feurs, street car conductors, shoemakers, 
 lithographers, musicians in restaurants 
 and movie houses, shoeblacks, weavers, 
 waiters, etc. Women students do wait¬ 
 ing, sewing, knitting, dressmaking, em¬ 
 broidery, millinery, ironing, convalescent 
 
 24 
 
nursing, telephone operating, collecting 
 bills for landladies, etc. 
 
 The Woman Student 
 
 In the universities of Europe one-fifth 
 to one-third of the enrollment is reore- 
 sented by women. As regards general 
 population women outnumber men in 
 some countries of Europe by three to 
 one. An Englishwoman, herself a medi¬ 
 cal student, writes, after personal study 
 of the situation among women students 
 in Europe: 
 
 ^‘I have managed to get to only eight 
 universities and, while there may be 
 some women who have enough money to 
 live on, I have not met them yet. A 
 large proportion of the women students 
 are depending upon their earnings for a 
 fair part of their income, and some for 
 the whole of it. In most cases they give 
 private lessons. Some are in offices part 
 time and a few in factories during vaca¬ 
 tion. They are all underfed and show 
 the effects of years of underfeeding. 
 Many are receiving the free or reduced 
 rate meals. Clothes and shoes are the 
 great difficulty, especially the latter. As 
 for the former, they are still struggling 
 along with what they had before the war, 
 and in some cases are using household 
 linens to make undergarments. In their 
 effort to get through the universities in 
 the shortest possible time, earning money 
 as they go, they are all working too hard, 
 and the result shows in the state of ten¬ 
 sion in which they live. Health is far 
 below par. Heart trouble, tuberculosis, 
 anaemia, nervousness and fainting are 
 prevalent.” 
 
 25 
 
Retugee Students 
 
 Refugees form a large element in the 
 student population of Central Europe 
 and the Near East. The many thou¬ 
 sands of needy among this element in 
 the relief areas constitute the most seri¬ 
 ous problem in the work. The question 
 is often asked, “How did these students 
 become refugees, and why do they not 
 return to their own countries?” There 
 are refugees of different kinds. There 
 are those students who were studying 
 away from their own countries who, be¬ 
 cause of the war or some other disturb¬ 
 ing condition, have had communication 
 with their homes cut off. This is the 
 case with numbers of Russian students 
 in Switzerland who were stranded there 
 at the beginning of the war and have 
 never been able to return. There are 
 also the students who have been on the 
 losing side in civil war or revolution and 
 have fled from their own countries. Of 
 this class were successive waves of refu¬ 
 gee students from Hungary to Austria, 
 and Russian students who fought in one 
 
 army or another against the dominant 
 regime. Other refugees are students 
 
 who are prisoners of war, not yet re¬ 
 patriated, but whose release from cap¬ 
 tivity and entrance to educational insti¬ 
 tutions have been obtained by the Euro¬ 
 pean Student Relief. There are, finally, 
 those students who, though in their own 
 country, are nevertheless foreigners. The 
 refugee students in Hungary today are 
 all of this class, as they are in territories 
 transferred under the Peace Treaty from 
 Hungary to Roumania, Czechoslovakia 
 and Jugoslavia. Nearly all refugee stu¬ 
 dents have passed through great suffer- 
 
 26 
 
ing from war, imprisonment, epidemics 
 and starvation. Owing to shifting con¬ 
 ditions among refugee students exact sta¬ 
 tistics as to their number are unavail¬ 
 able, but investigation indicates that the 
 number of such students of all nationali¬ 
 ties with whom the work has to deal is 
 not less than 18,000 to 20,000. In Hun¬ 
 gary at least one-quarter of the student 
 population are refugees. In Vienna at 
 least one-quarter of the students are for¬ 
 eign and a large proportion are refugees. 
 Russian (including Ukrainian) refugee 
 students are found in large numbers all 
 over Central Europe, there being 1,800 
 in Czechoslovakia alone, and at least 
 10,000 in the relief areas generally. 
 
 Are There Too Many Students? 
 
 The demand for professional men and 
 women far exceeeds the present and pros¬ 
 pective supply in all lands of Europe 
 where there is either an entirely new 
 State or an attempt to build up a State 
 on a new basis. 
 
 Poland, Czechoslovakia, Esthonia, 
 Latvia, Lithuania and Russia all come 
 within this category. The same is true 
 to a large extent of Turkey and Asia 
 Minor. In none of these States, for vari¬ 
 ous reasons, are there enough profes¬ 
 sional people to meet the rapidly develop¬ 
 ing demands of the new order. In Po¬ 
 land and the Baltic States Government 
 positions before the war were not in the 
 hands of the racial majority in the coun¬ 
 try, and under the new order the men 
 and women of the racial majority must 
 be trained for their new responsibilities. 
 In Poland in pre-war times 80 per cent 
 of the population was illiterate. Despite 
 
 27 
 
her four new universities Poland is la¬ 
 mentably lacking in teachers, doctors and 
 engineers. In Polish Galicia, where 
 typhus was raging not long since, there 
 was only one physician for every 150,000 
 of population. 
 
 In Austria, Hungary and Germany the 
 supply of students exceeds the demand 
 for professional men and women. The 
 Governments of these countries are seek¬ 
 ing to solve this problem, but it cannot be 
 hastily solved because of conditions of 
 unemployment and because the trades 
 unions and the farmers have been bit¬ 
 terly opposed to the entry of ^‘intellec¬ 
 tuals” into their ranks. Furthermore, 
 many students were so disabled as a re¬ 
 sult of the war that they are unfit for 
 manual labor and have naturally turned 
 to academic and professional careers. 
 This situation is complicated by the large 
 numbers of refugee students. 
 
 On the other hand, economic forces 
 are tending to reduce the number of 
 students. The strong desire, obviously, 
 is to make a living, and those who can 
 obtain full time work are glad to do so. 
 Moreover, parents are sacrificing cher¬ 
 ished family traditions for the sake of 
 getting their children at an earlier age 
 into remunerative careers. In Austria 
 the tide is turning toward a business 
 college education rather than university 
 training, the privations of student life 
 being anything but attractive. Therein 
 lies one of the grave dangers that Europe 
 will continue to lack an equipped leader¬ 
 ship. 
 
 Not Developing Pauper Students 
 
 Both because of considerations pre- 
 
 28 
 
sented in the foregoing paragraph and 
 because the conditions under which relief 
 is administered effectively discourage 
 it, the work does not tend to develop a 
 class of parasitic students who seek to 
 turn a scheme of friendship into doubt¬ 
 ful charity. As a further safeguard, 
 all help during this new year will be 
 given to upper class students. No new 
 students entering the institutions of 
 higher education will come in with the 
 idea of receiving aid other than indi¬ 
 rectly from this relief. 
 
 The Russian Situation 
 
 The eleven fields already entered re¬ 
 quire a continuation of the relief. Their 
 needs are no whit diminished by the 
 opening of Russia. But, as she is open¬ 
 ing her doors to relief, her case must be 
 given present consideration by the stu¬ 
 dents of America. The outstanding fact 
 is that Russia is in desperate need of 
 students. Since 1914, 30,000 physicians, 
 or one-third of the country’s medical 
 personnel, have died as a result of war 
 and pestilence. The Government is re¬ 
 ported to be encouraging research and 
 the study of medicine, engineering, and 
 all technological subjects. Two Russian 
 universities. Samara and Saratoff, are 
 in the famine area; several others are in 
 the partial famine area. 
 
 Certainly students of no country are 
 in greater need than in Russia and cer¬ 
 tainly there is no country in which it is 
 more important that the students of this 
 generation be encouraged in right think- 
 ing by the spirit of intellectual student 
 friendship. 
 
 29 
 
Relief Is Appreciated 
 
 The fact that students, Governments, 
 local and national organizations and 
 numerous other representative interests 
 are helping in the work is assuring evi¬ 
 dence of appreciation. From many 
 sources come testimonials of gratitude. 
 Their tenor is that the relief is a God- 
 sent work; that the service is being re¬ 
 ceived in the spirit in which it is given; 
 and that there is growing perception that 
 it is creating a^id strengthening bonds of 
 friendship among the natipns. Excerpts 
 from several letters follow: 
 
 From letter signed by 300 stu¬ 
 dents: ‘‘When, far from our beloved 
 home, the members of our society meet 
 here on the first day of the Easter holi¬ 
 days, we have decided to thank you with 
 a few warm words for the kindness you 
 have shown towards us. . . . In¬ 
 
 terpreting the love and devotion of our 
 youth to you, we ask the blessing of God 
 on your kind work of benefaction.” 
 
 From the Catholic Women’s So¬ 
 ciety, Budapest: “Maybe we never 
 will be able to prove our deep apprecia¬ 
 tion which we feel towards the noble 
 way in which you have shown the virtues 
 of charity, which gave us not only rem¬ 
 edy for our bodies but also made us feel 
 easier and to look hopefully to the fu¬ 
 ture.” 
 
 From Dr. Friedrich Hertz, State 
 Department, Vienna: “Thousands of 
 hopeful young people are being saved 
 through your work from extreme misery 
 which otherwise would probably break 
 their mental and moral energy. If they 
 
 30 
 
should succumb this would mean the dis¬ 
 appearance of forces indispensable for 
 any reconstruction in our country. It 
 is a wonderful manifestation of a truly 
 Christian spirit for bringing about recon¬ 
 ciliation and brotherly cooperation.” 
 
 From the Rector, University of 
 Debreczen, Hungary: ‘‘The Senate of 
 our university take the first opportunity 
 to express its best thanks for this 
 brotherly kind help.” 
 
 A touching expression of appreciation 
 which at the same time reveals the desire 
 that others might share in the blessings 
 of relief was received from the President 
 of the National Federation of Jewish 
 Hungarian Students. This organization 
 took cognizance of the fact that the 
 World’s Student Christian Federation 
 was prepared to extend relief to the Jew¬ 
 ish youth of the universities in Hungary. 
 The Joint Distribution Committee of 
 America, a Jewish organization, had 
 already, it appeared, extended the aid 
 immediately required. The Jewish Hun¬ 
 garian students thereupon wrote to the 
 Federation requesting it “to distribute 
 our share of the donations which have 
 been allocated for the relief of Hungarian 
 students to our needv Christian col- 
 leagues”. 
 
 
 31 
 
TO *THE*SnJDENT5* OF*THE 
 UNITED*ST?aT5*OF*AMERIC\ 
 
 f,STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OFIATVIA-INRI^ 
 DEEPLY AND SKCEREIiTlim YOU FOR TTiE HELP* 
 EXTENDED TO U 5 BY YOU AT THE PEESENTHARD TIME 
 OFNEED.»tHEWDELD ’5 STDDENTS'CamSTlAN FEDERA: 
 TION AND THE AMERICAN RaSFADFflNmRSTlON ARE 
 XPESDINC THEIR BEST EFFORTS TO RENDER YDUR ASSF 
 S 1 A?ICE AS EFFICIENT AS POXjSlBlE.OUaSItCEEN 15 ^ 
 PROVIDED Wa AHEMCAN SUPPLIES.WE HAVE RECEIVED A SREXT MANY 
 VALUABLE SdENTIHC BOOKS QUITE UNATtAlNABlETD US BEFORE BE¬ 
 CAUSE OF OUR EXTREMELY INSUFFICIENT M£ANS.*f 
 
 OUE COUNTRY HAS BEEN CRUELLY SUFFEElNfi DUaiNd SKTEAR^ 
 OF A SANCBIKARY WAB;WIDE STRETCHES OF It WERE DEVASTATED 
 COMPLETELY. HENCE THE LACK OF THE MOST COMMON DAISY KECESHTIES 
 AND THE OPPRESSING DEAKrH.-lN SPITTOP ALMOST UNSURMOUNTABIE DIF 
 nCULTIESAND OSSTAClES.eURKATlON HAS GAINED MS INDEPENDENCE AFTER 
 A severe flGHT DURDfli WmCH MANY OF OUS FEUOW-STUDEN^ HAVE STOOD 
 IN THE first EANISiAFHjHT SIMILAR It) THEWAE FOE FREEDOM YOUR COUN¬ 
 TRY GLORIOUSLY WAGED AND WON ALMOST HUNDRED AND FlFTl VEASS AfiOt 
 NOWTUATPEACE BAS BEEN ESTABUSliEO WSTRY ID DO OUR BEST IN OUR 
 WDRKTD BECOME ABLE TD EFFKiENny STEVE OUR IIBERAJHD KAHVE 
 CCDNTRY.THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA.^ 
 
 ^ FEEL UTMjOCT obliged TO YOUR REPBESENTAIIVES MERE DT 
 
 TIN CUB LIFE AND WORK.. 
 
 iNSPmir US wrra fresh 
 
 'HELP AND WTESNiaORllANlTAr 
 assistance,DE^'JIAMEEICAN FEUW-STCDENTS.IiAS £E- 
 LIT/eD eUB ^ILmON not only maieeiaily.bitwas also a po¬ 
 werful MORALENCOURAfiEMEWr TO US. MTHOUCMWE ARE FAR 
 AWAY FROM YflD,WE ASF SURE THAT THE TES OE FRIENDSHIP RNirTED 
 BETWEEN US WIU BE FIRM AND USUNGANDTaATWE SH ALL BE CLO- 
 StLY DNITEB IN OUR JOLNT EEFOBS FORHIE WORLD’S PROGRESS, IN 
 ova COMMON ASMEAnONS TOWARDS All WHAT IS mng AND GOOD. 
 
 Deeply touched by 'reuRiiEADiHESS TQ h^ your, fellow-* 
 students in edbope.we Send you across m sraour heae- 
 
 TIESr dafgnNI^ AND ! 
 
 (3k‘ 
 
 iNTHENAKEOFTISSniDENIS OF THE UKWEBSITY OF LATVIA 
 THE MEMSE^ OF TGE STtmEN^’COUNCIL*. 
 
 
 
 
 32 
 
Relief Illustrations 
 
 Extracts from reports on cases of in¬ 
 dividual student needs; 
 
 “B. is an Armenian, near the end of 
 his studies. He sweeps our cooperative 
 restaurant for one-third of what the 
 charwoman costs because he works three 
 times as fast. He continues his studies 
 and we pay his upkeep minus consider¬ 
 able sums which the local secretary ob¬ 
 tains specially for him.” 
 
 “Mme. P. is a Russian, suddenly at¬ 
 tacked by tuberculosis. A few weeks will 
 probably cure her. We pay part of the 
 cost, the local secretary having obtained 
 the rest from a friend. She was earning 
 her support before she fell ill by cooking 
 in the student cooperative kitchen.” 
 
 “K., a Russian, has taken his medical 
 degree and found a position with the 
 Belgian Government in the Congo. He 
 had no money for the trip to Brussels, so 
 we paid his fare.” 
 
 “S. is a Polish girl whose resources are 
 exhausted. She has almost finished her 
 diploma in French, and we pay her fees 
 for this semester that she may earn her 
 diploma and be able to earn her living.” 
 
 “D., a Czech, a civil engineer, parents 
 dead since his 14th year, has been living 
 with four companions in miserable quar¬ 
 ters in a dilapidated office building. The 
 room serves as kitchen and cobbler’s 
 shop, and is low, damp and dark. The 
 wife of the concierge, when she and her 
 husband make enough money, gives the 
 students a meal of vegetables. This hap¬ 
 pens about three times a week. Other¬ 
 wise they have lived entirely on black 
 coffee and bread. D. has been pro¬ 
 nounced by our clinic to be tuberculous 
 in both lungs and in great need of special 
 nourishment and fresh air. Our Relief 
 
 33 
 
Fund has given him tickets to our Mensa, 
 to pay for which he works every day in 
 our relief office. Better quarters have 
 been found for him by our nurse in a 
 dormitory for students. It is our hope 
 to send him to a sanatorium. All the 
 money that he has been able to make in 
 the past has been by tutoring. He has 
 not been strong enough for manual 
 work.” 
 
 “U. N. J. is a woman student at the 
 University of Kolozsvar which is now 
 temporarily established in 'Budapest, as 
 the town has passed to the Roumanians. 
 She is married, her husband being a ref¬ 
 ugee from Transylvania, and they have 
 just had a baby. The man has work in 
 an office. The only place they could find 
 to live in is a villege one and a half hours 
 away by electric railway. They live in 
 one small room and the girl has to do 
 everything herself. She does not com¬ 
 plain, and says they are much better off 
 there than in the railway wagon where 
 they had to spend the first three months 
 of their time in Budapest. We have 
 helped her with cocoa and milk and also 
 with a special gift obtained from an 
 American friend.” 
 
 “N. U., a Russian student, become 
 Slovak by the change of boundaries of 
 his country, has been prisoner for four 
 years in Siberia. He returns to his home 
 to find his family wiped out. Falling ill, 
 he must go to a hosiptal. He leaves the 
 hospital without money, strength or 
 friends. The Russian Red Cross cannot 
 help him because he is now a Slovak. 
 He knows no one and conies to us. We 
 have given him meal tickets, for which 
 he promises to pay as soon as he can 
 work (his appearance makes us feel he 
 will never be able to work very much), 
 and meanwhile we are hoping to find 
 money to put him in a sanatorium. 
 
 34 
 
Reasons Why 
 Students of America 
 Should Give 
 
 To conserve the physical, mental and moral 
 gains resulting from the relief extended by 
 American students during the past yean 
 
 To carry out the ordinary implications of 
 the Golden Rule, including the principle that 
 the strong should serve the weak. 
 
 To give added force to the effort to solve 
 various interracial issues involved in the Con¬ 
 ference to Reduce Armaments. 
 
 To help overcome the human effects of 
 war, privation and pestilence. 
 
 To impress unmistakably upon the future 
 leaders of Europe, who are its present students, 
 that the purpose of America’s youth is truly 
 a ministry of friendship. 
 
 Because the broadly spiritual results of the 
 relief work depend very largely upon its being 
 a work of friendship for students by students. 
 
 To project the student body and intelli¬ 
 gence of America actively into the transcend¬ 
 ent task of world reconstruction along lines 
 of goodwill and progress. 
 
 To help meet our obligation to European 
 institutions to which our own educational 
 life owes much. 
 
 To help preserve principles and institutions 
 as well as human values essential to the re¬ 
 covery of Europe and the world. 
 
 m 
 
 35 
 

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