vV-'f ' • a ■ m Practical Ideals in •C' - f. :■ Medical Mission Work ;■ JEFFERYS ■•; tVV-;** >■ v'-'- r- ■ ^ r ■:i^ ' ''• '■ V'-: ‘.'i- " ” ' •J'. •..'K^' *••■■ T; i- Practical Ideals in Medical Mission W ork “FREELY YE HAVE RECEIVED” “ I WAS AN HUNGERED ” “IF YE LOVE ME ” BY william HAMILTON JEFFERYS, M.l). \ 87 )- St. Luke’s Hospital, Shanghai, China PUBLISHED PY THE DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE PR0TF;.STANT EPISCOPAE CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 281 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Pa.Yn- yyi ed. ~yyi. l ss , INTRODUCTORY NOTE T he three papers iu this pamphlet originally appeared in The Spirit OF INIiS SIGNS, a monthly magazine published by the Domestic and Foreign Missionar;, Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. Their graphic account of facts and conditions wholly unsuspected by most people in this country made a deep impression. From many quarters has come the request that they might be issued in permanent form. The work of a man like Dr. Jefferys needs no commendation from me. The papers themselves tell eloquently of a high degree of professional skill united to and guided by a profound spiritual purpose. The motive of medical missions is to be found not merely in the feeling of pity which such facts as those told in the first paper must arouse in the heart of every normal man or woman. That motive, good as it may be in itself, is not sufficiently fundamental to withstand the shock of disappointment and failure or the numbing effect of famil- iarity with suffering. Medical missions, like all other missions, must be rooted in the fact of the Incarnation. Our Lord, taking our human nature upon Him and living for a time in a human body, has taught us forever the worth of that human form. Upon that fact rests the enduring and compelling motive for medical missions. And the purpose of the mission hospital is not to relieve all the needless pain of the non-Christian world. It would be next to impossible for the Church in the United States to send a sufficient number of physicians and nurses or to establish hospitals enough to redeem completely the wilderness of unnecessary suffering in heathendom. The purpose of medical missions, regarded from the scientific stand- point, is rather to show to native peoples the better way, in the confidence that, when once they understand, they will be eager to do for themselves what must now be done for them. That this is no vain hope has been abundantly demonstrated by the successful work of several of the young Chinese physicians who in recent years have been trained at St. Luke’s. Every Christian hospital in heathen linds is a recruiting st .tion for nat.ve practitioners, just as every mission congregation is a recruiting station for th; native ministry. But lying back of this purpose of medical missions is ever the supreme aim of all mission work — to make our Lord known to the world. The mission hospital often opens a way for the Gospel by interpreting the Christian message in the universally understood language of helpful service. St. Luke’s Hospital is the result of the professional skill of Dr. Boone and Dr. Jefferys, aided by the fine Christian generosity of Mr. C. P. B. Jefferj’S, of Philadelphia. It is one of the best equipped institutions of its kind anywhere in the mission field. But the pressure upon it is so great and the opportunities for service so numerous that its recently enlarged accommodations are already overtaxed. Without delay a new build- ing, to include eye wards, nurses’ quarters, kitchen, etc., must be erected at a cost of not less than fio,ooo. Somewhere in this American Church there is someone who, in recognition of many mercies, will desire to make this enlargement possible. Whether or not this shall be done depends not at all upon what people are pleased to describe as “interest in missions,” but, as Dr. Jefferys says, upon “what each of us iu his heart really thinks about The Man." October 1908. JOHN W. WOOD. 1658 TO THOSE WHO LOVE WAY OUT INTO CHINA 'T ^ rE cannot imagine our Lord calculating Y y the effects of His works of mercy and estimating their attractive power, hut we feel instinctively that His works of heal- ing were the natural showing forth of His love to meu, worked broadly and generously as God always works.” — Bishop Graves. I. ^‘FREELY YE HAVE RECEIVED!”^ SOMEWHAT ABOUT NATIVE METHODS OF MEDI- CAL PRACTICE IN CHINA, AND A COMPARISON BY W. H. JEFFERYS, A.M., M.D. I T is a fact well known to medical men, that scientific medicine has derived a few of its most useful agents from those whom we are in the habit of calling primitive races. Quinine, calabar bean, opium, cocaine and several other of our trusted drugs were ‘received, so to speak, out of the very hands of peoples less civilized than ourselves and having passed through our laboratories have taken their place in the larger practice. It is altogether natural, then, that those of us who have chosen to devote ourselves to the planting of scientific medicine in China, and stand on the firing line of her progress, should look with keenest interest to the native practice of the land for something of worth in the treatment of disease, which may pass through our hands into the ser- vice of the world at large. This has been the hobby of many a medical mis- sionary. It has proved a fascinating study, hut in China, alas ! a comparative- ly profitless one. It is a disappoint- ment to us to be compelled to report that the splendid race of men which, even in a material way, has given to the world gunpowder, the printing press, the mar- iner’s compass and other priceless treas- ures, has, up to the present time, af- forded us nothing in the treatment of disease which is not already in better form in the hands of our profession. It is true, for instance, that the Chinese innoculate against small-pox, that is, they innoculate the mucous membrane of ♦ An address delivered before the Churchmen's Club of the Diocese of Maryland, Ealtimore, April 27th, 1905. the nose of a child with the dread virus itself, in order to produce the disease, small-pox, in the child, because they be- lieve the disease is apt to take on a milder form if thus induced. They argue that as he will surely have the disease some time, he had better have it in early childhood and get done with it. But there is no comparison between this and the cleanly vaccination with cow- pox to prevent the greater evil. Yet, I say, the study of the medicine of China has its fascination, as well as its applica- tion to the question of medical missions there, and I have therefore thought to speak to you briefly concerning the native methods of medical practice in China. I allude, of course, to the old empir ical practice of the land — a practice -which finds its origin away back in the beginnings of history, which is crowned with the honorable gray hairs of cen- turies of work, which has the faith of the nation which it serves. Let me then make two things plain to you at the outset. First, that I hear no manner of grudge against that practice. To the best of its ability it has served the Chinese people for centuries and cared for their sick. For the fact that the best has been a poor best, the poverty of the Chinese, their seclusion and the lovelessness of their religious faith will win our for- giveness. Of those to whom so iittle is given, little must be required. Second- ly. you will note, that, if we are to speak fairly and in a truly scientific spirit of the medicine of China, we must speak of the purest of its practice and not con- (5) (6) THE MEDICAL STAFF AT ST. LUKE S HOSPITAL “Freely Ye Have Received!” 7 fuse the regular practitioner with the man who sells dried horrors on the side- walk. It is probably true that there is not a native doctor of the old school who does not time and again resort to charms, talismans, fake and quackery, and it is certainly a fact that the whole practice is fairly swamped in a mire of superstition such as the world has rarely, if ever, seen before. Yet, I main- tain that, strictly speaking, it is no more fair to include these things in a discus- sion of the Chinese practice of medi- cine than it would be if, in speaking of our practice, they should include the ir- regular practices of Christian Science or of hydropathy, or any other kind of diluted science or if, in speaking of our religious faith, they should include Mor- monism or Dowieism or any other kind of refined humbug. That some doctors in China use the fortune teller’s disk does not make the disk a medical in- strument, any more than the fact that some of our benighted legislatures call certain fads systems of medicine, will make the wiggling of bones cure brain abscess or appendicitis. The Great Dragon Festival In the fourth Chinese moon, that is, toward the end of May, the nation cele- brates its greatest calendar feast, the Dragon Festival — the dragon being the national beast (perhaps one should say reptile) and the beast of good omen. In the larger cities this feast is usually cel- ebrated by a huge procession upon which is expended a vast amount of funds and trouble. The procession is divided into five parts, and each part is in honor of, and led by, a deity, and finished oflE by a long dragon. These five deities are the personification or spiritualization of the five natural elements, Kyung — metal, Moh — wood, 8z — water, T'oo — earth, and Hoo — fire. As they are the five ele- ments of Chinese nature, so they go to the complete make up of the human body, its chemistry and its physiology. Health — that is a proper balance of the five elements. Disease — that is an improper balance. Too much fire — that is fever. It takes a great deal of water to cool it down. Too much Watet — ^^that is dropsy, and it takes a whole lot of earth or fire to do away with that. This is pathology in a nutshell. It is ordinarily supposed that the Chi- nese have no idea of anatomy because they do not dissect the human body. But they do know pretty well where the larger organs lie. They know that the heai-t is here, and the lungs are here; that the stomach is there and the liver there. It is true that they have over- looked the very existence of so impor- tant an organ as the pancreas, and that their knowledge of histology is strictly limited to the future, yet they cannot be said to know nothing of anatomy. It is rather in the relationship and func- tion of the organs that they seem to have gone hopelessly astray. The heart thinks; the liver is the seat of the soul, and has nothing whatever to do with digestion; courage resides in the gall- bladder and so it comes about that bile is the medicine to sustain the faint- hearted. To this end there is no com- parison between the bile of a tiger or of a brave, but executed, robber and the bile of a mere baa-lamb. The spleen aids in digestion and food passes through it into the stomach. The large intestines are connected with the lungs, the small with the heart. Tendon and nerve have the very same name, kyung. And this is the basis on which the Chi- nese does his therapy. How to Become a Physician in China To become a physician a Chinaman states to his friends and neighbors, “I am a physician.” This is the limit of required preparation. His diploma is the more or less handsome sign-board which announces his determination to the neighborhood. It is a fine start for a man if his father was a physician be- fore him not, however, because of sup- posed inherited professional gifts, unless his father’s prescribing manual be con- sidered in this class ; and as for a grand- father and two books of prescriptions, 8 “Freely Ye Have Received!” A CHINESE PHYSICIAN'S IDEA OF HOW TO CURE A COUGH Thirteen drugs and their red paper wrapper without having performed this last great duty, it will not really affect the ques- tion materially, for the son will claim to know the secrets just the same. How a Chinese Physician Treats His Patients When the doctor receives his patient he places him opposite his august self at the table and begins and ends by feel- ing his various pulses, two at a time, for these alone are sufficient to reveal to him the entire internal situation. A strong pulse — that means this organ is so; a weak pulse — that organ is thus; a middling-sized pulse — well, that means something still different. He may ask a question or two to pass the time of day. It does not matter much, for what he cannot tell from the pulses is beneath any mortal use. And then he writes his prescription, and then he col- lects his fee, if he has not already at- tended to that little formality, as he probably has. A Typical Chinese Prescription that is unspeakable riches, if not wis- dom. Ethics! As far as I can make out, there are two points in Chinese med- ical ethics. First, never do any earthly thing for anybody unless there is money in it, and make your deal in advance. This gentle custom puts charitable works utterly beyond the pale of com- mon sense. Second, if by any lucky chance you should discover, or make folks think it, a professional secret of value ; as you long for the worship of your children’s children, keep that precious secret hidden in the very deepest re- cesses of, I suppose I should say, your liver, lest some other human being than yourself should make money out of it. Then, as the old physician draws near to his appointed time, he will call to him his eldest son and, in all the solem- nity of the hour, reveal to him alone the treasured secrets of his life. In case, however, he should be so unkind as to depart this life without due notice and My assistant, at my behest, went once last winter to consult a native practi- tioner for a severe cough and allowed himself to be prescribed for. Here is the actual prescription on paper and also as put up by a Chinese pharmacy. It gives the patient’s name, then the diagnosis of the trouble. This is fol- lowed by a statement of the condition of the pulses on which the diagnosis was made. Finally it calls for the thirteen drugs which I have put into these thir- teen foreign bottles, partly for conven- ience, but chiefly in order that I might live in the same house with them, and other Chinese drugs. They should each be wrapped in a separate white paper and then all together in a red sheet. The thirteen drugs are as follows; Baked barley, Sugar, Masbed beans, Bamboo shavings, A root. Another root, Still another root. Chalk, Melon seeds, Mashed and fermented melon seeds, A mashed pebble. Some wild flowers, A broken clam shell. “Freely Ye Have Received!” 9 The prescription calls for the boiling together of these ingredients in a large quantity of water and for the whole to be taken rapidly at one dose. That for a cough! It does seem as if the doctor must hit the mark somehow, with so many shot in his gun. Other drugs in common use are cock- roaches, fossils, rhinocerous skin, shav- ings, silk-worms, crude calomel, human secretions, rhubarb, asbestos, moths, oyster shells, maggots, centipedes, cater- pillars, toads, lizzards and cicada shells. Just why cicada shells should be the great nervous sedative of China it is not easy to see. It is true that their ideas of music are not the same as ours, but, have you ever heard a chain gang of cicadae get really down to solid work on a hot summer night? And the shells are the weapons with which they do it aU. In most of their animal drugs the Chinese are strictly homeopathic in aim, barring dosage, as when they give tiger’s bones as a tonic in debility, because the tiger is such a strong animal; but this cicada business seems to work on strictly allo- pathic lines. As Dr. Williams says, “anything in- deed that is thoroughly disgusting in the three kingdoms of nature, is consid- ered good for medicinal use,” and the worst of it all is, they do not just take medicine as we do, they literally and truly “eat” it, so large is the size of the average dose. The word for this func- tion in China is Chuh, to eat. I have a Chinese pill, a tonic for the weak, and it measures an inch across and weighs half an ounce. Here are smaller ones for bronchitis. The dose is about one hundred and fifty pills. Here is the dragon-festival powder, of which the average dose is two tablespoonsful to a man, at the feast, to keep off evil spirits, which is of course considered a distinct disease by the Chinese. Such is the ne h’oo, the internal med- icine of China. Chinese hygiene is almost unspeak- able. It is said that one smells China a hundred miles out to sea. A fellow mis- SOME TYPICAL CHINESE REMEDIES Over the table is a bracelet to keep off cholera. Underneath is the round box in which it came. On the table from left to right: — A dose of dragon-festival powder to ward off evil spir- its; a pill for a cough, with directions for taking the same, hanging on the wall; a pill for a child; small pills 150 to a dose; oil of peppermint ; morphine pills to cure the opium habit; pieces of tortoise shell and locust shells, both being nervous sedatives sionary used to send outside of the city gate of Wusih every day to get his drinking water where it was supposed to be a bit less terrible than near his house, the natural place for a native to take it from. I happened one morning to be passing through the gate and took a photograph of the crystal stream. There was a huge dead dog in the centre of the picture. Now, my friend probably gets his water from some other spot, but it is a matter of mere sentiment after all, for, aside from the idea involved, it is not probable that he has improved his condition a whit. If it is not dog, it is something worse. The facts that the na- tion lives out of doors, that it does not drink milk at all and never drinks cold water, are probably responsible for its being “still about.” 10 “Freely Ye Flave Received!” The Treatment of “Outside” Diseases Surgery, nga-h’oo, or external medi- cine, is represented by several proced- ures, operative and otherwise. Such a poultice as half a raw chicken is com- mon, and nearly every patient that comes to us has one of the large gummy opium plasters on some carefully selected spot. These latter have probably the sugges- tion of therapeutic value. A set of surgical knives is represented in one of the photographs. They are, how- ever, never used to cut, but merely to dig and gouge. Practically they are chiropody instruments. Why do they not cut with them? Simply because they cannot control hemorrhage. Our pa- tients do not, except when they come di- rectly from some foreign hong, show that they have even the knowledge of the stick and handkerchief tourniquet. They usually stuff the wound with to- bacco, earth, or a filthy rag. If a mem- ber is all but removed by accident, the Chinese have been known to assist mild- ly in severing the last link. The Deadly Acupuncture Needle The surgical instrument best known to the Chinese is the deadly acupunc- ture needle, and I say “deadly” with the full weight of the word. It is used to produce counter irritation, and there are one hundred spots known to the surgeon into which it may be stuck without resulting in immediate death. The muscles are the favorite choice, but I have seen the result of these filthy needles having been passed into hernial sacks, and I have had two patients come to us for treatment for general infec- tion of the eye which was caused by these needles having been passed clean (or rather dirty) through the eyeball in the treatment of trachoma. It is needless to say there resulted all that could be desired in the way of a hand- some counter irritation and that the total loss of the eye in each case was the end thereof. For this, however, the Chinese surgeon did not take the blame, because the patient could still see a lit- tle two days after the operation. Abscesses are treated by the needles, but if, by any chance, anything threat- ens to leak out of the abscess through the puncture hole, the surgeon imme- diately slaps on a large plaster to stick it up tight. Time fails to tell of all the marvels ! How they make incisor teeth and tie them to the adjacent eye teeth by means of cat-gut; how they operate for en- tropion by pinching the eyelid between two bamboo sticks and binding them tight with thread till the skin becomes gangrenous and finally drops off, a pro- cedure which may help matters some- what, but which is horribly painful, and often results in inability to close the eyelid; how they use a set of sharp and filthy instruments to remove wax from the ears, which by scratching or puncturing the drumhead brings about half the worst ear disease of China. Such is the old empirical practice of China. Have I treated the subject trifiingly ? The laughable side of Chi- nese medicine begins with the quackery and superstition which I have not even touched upon. In them there lies a wealth of the bizarre, such as would make the foregoing read like Baxter’s Saints’ Best. I asked a Chinese once whether this was a strictly fair picture of the medicine of China. The answer was, “Perfectly so, so far as I know, ex- cept that in the province I come from, we do not have things quite so nice. In fact some of these instruments, our surgeons do not know yet.” Fortunate- ly, I thought in my heart. No, this is the serious part! This, of which I have told you, is the deadly earnest part, and though you have found somewhat to smile at as you have listened, under- neath my words you must have heard a terrible cry for help: Women in the agonies of impossible labor, the insane chained or in cages, blind girls sold into the hell of Chinese slavery, blind men standing on the streets who, when they hear the click of the foreigner’s heel on the pavement, still cry aloud “Master, Master, have pity!” “ Freely Ye Have Keceived ! ” 11 THE SOURCE OF WUSIH’S WATER SUPPLY thesia and asepsis by means of which, even in the heart of China, we remove tumors larger and heavier than our pa- tients’ bodies, and the patients live back into health; the practice of Osier, of Halstead and of Kelly, and of the hos- pital of Johns Hopkins University. You who live in the centre of the great light, I need not tell you what it is. Was it worth while to give it to the Japanese? The American Church and her missionaries thought so, and the Japanese think so too, and to- day the old practice is against the law of the land, and I doubt if one could find it even in the Hokkaido. Was it worth while? We are sending envoys out to Manchuria to learn how the Jap- anese army and navy medical corps do their work so excellently.* China Sixty Years After And how about China? There are al- ready 250 or more mission hospitals and Scientific Medicine in Japan Sixty years or so ago, the very name of scientific medicine was practically unknown in the Empire of Japan. They too used some form of this old em- pirical practice and I understand that they derived it in measure from China. Then scientific medicine was offered them as a substitute for the old, and was largely introduced by medical mis- sionaries not only into civil practice, but especially into both the army and navy. Was it worth the trouble? It de- pends, does it not, on what we think of scientific medicine, the practice to which truth is all in all, which has a code of ethics making it a professional crime for a man who knows anything worth the knowing to hide it from the world’s free service, the practice which studies its anatomy with a one-twelfth power oil immersion lens, which in- vented vaccination, diphtheria antitoxin, and the innoculation to prevent hydro- phobia; which invented X-rays, anjes- * The Emperor has just decorated Dr. Hepbourn on the occasion of his ninetieth birth- day. CHI.MESE PLASTERS AND A CHART GIVING DIRECTIONS FOR THEIR USE 12 ‘•Freely Ye Have Eeceived!” i L . SOME INSTRUMENTS FROM THE EQUIP- MENT OF A CHINESE PHYSICIAN The group includes among other things, specta- cles and case, razor, ear-cleaning instruments atid case, four surgical knives, native-made hypodermic needle and case, acupuncture needles, fortune-teller’s disc, etc. dispensaries, over 300 foreign physi- cians, some 5,000 trained native assist- ants, and we treat over 2,000,000 pa- tients a year. I know a native in Wusih, practising good scientific medicine, charging small fees and making $5,000 a year. Last winter, in St. Luke’s Hos- intal, Shanghai, in my surgical wards, several months went by without our hav- ing an empty bed over night. Sixty years from now. if we do our duty, we shall look for the old empirical practice in the Chinese empire, and shall not find it with a Lick telescope. What Can be Done for the Army of China’s Blind The day of argument for medical mis- sions is in truth past and gone, and those who do not believe in them simply do not know. Yet, in the comparison of these medical methods, the old and the new, every reasonable man must surely find good ground for the renewing of his faith. There is in it no appeal to the emotions. Yet, if I could, I would take you men into the wards of St. Luke’s Hospital for a time. Every little while there comes into the hospital a man with, let us say, cataract. He is blind, has been blind for from five to twenty years, and there is no more agonizing blindness than that of the man who used to see. He is admitted, and after due preparation, under cocaine and by means of the most delicate and most beautiful operation in all surgery, we re- move the cataract. Within the space of ten minutes he looks up into our faces and says “T’ong-Ica, ngoo k’oen tuh Jcyien huh!’’ (Master, I can see!) And a month later he is sitting in our office reading the newspaper. This is a mat- ter of the emotions, but there lies in these common incidents of hospital life a warrant for medical missions in the white light of which all fine financial calculations and every scientific discus- sion inevitably shrivel up, as mere words in the presence of works, as dead things give place to the living. There waits in China to-day an army of 100,000 blind, perfectly curable men, women and chil- dren, and there they remain, day by day, year by year, in their unending night, waiting, waiting, waiting. And bound up with this question is that larger one, yet like it. Is it worth while to present our faith to the Chinese people? Here again it is a question of what we think of it, of our faith. Is our great Ideal of human life worth giving to the Chinese? Each must settle that question for himself. The Church, of course, has taken her stand. It will take longer than to give them scientific med- icine, but then the goal is in the stars. It has taken 1,600 years to make Eng- land half Christian, and it may take as long in China, but even so, when we call to mind many a Christian home in China and compare it with its heathen neighbor, when we compare the worship of the joss house with the worship of the Holy Trinity, when we but think of the 13 “Freely Ye Have Received!” character of Jesus Christ, even the Man, we missionaries have no doubt that it is unspeakably worth while, as worth while as the work of St. Paul in Rome, of Augustine in England, as worth while as anything in the world that a man can give his life to. But you say we mis- sionaries are enthusiasts. Well, so be it! I, for one, plead guilty. But I tell you that, down on the bed rock, it is not a question of enthusiasm, it is a ques- tion of what each in his heart really thinks about The Man. What $8.50 Will Do I have already said of the Chinese people, with regard to their medicine, that of those to whom little has been given, little will be required. The same is true of their faith. But to you, men of Baltimore, I would say, to you who live in the very centre of the land of promise, in your midst is the heart of the practice whose central love is “Truth,” around you, on every side, is the Faith whose central truth is “Love.” It is a living, burn- ing truth that to you “to whom much has been given, of you shall much be re- quired.” There is no possible escape from the responsibilities of God’s cir- cumstances. Of you it will certainly he asked, “Where are” not the one, hut “the ten talents?” You had in abundance, and they were in want, and you gave it freely; or else, you did not. “I, Christ, was blind and ye visited me,” or else, “ye did not.” The other day, a mission Sunday- school class sent us $8.50 for St. Luke’s Hospital, Shanghai, and in acknowledg- ing it I told them that with that sum I would, God willing, restore the sight of A LIST OF DRUGS PROCURABLE AT A PAR- TICULAR NATIVE DISPENSARY IN SHANGHAI a stone blind man. Eight dollars and fifty cents is not a great deal of money, but from some tiny children whose love reached away out into China it is a fortune of love. Really this country of ours is beginning to give! And I look forward with faith to the time when she will have taught to the world the imperial lesson of giving royally, when, without thought of cost, of wealth, of work or of life itself and in something of the glorious selflessness of the Master Physician, having freely received beyond every nation the world has ever seen, we shall also have freely given. THE NEW MAIN BUILDING OF ST. LUKE’S HOSPITAL. SHANGHAI II ‘‘I WAS AN HUNGERED”* THE ESSENTIAL CHRISTIANITY OF MEDICAL MISSIONS BY W. H. JEFFERYS, A.M., M.D. N ot infrequently it has been mildly suggested to me that we medical missionaries are too prone to talk about the medical side of our work to the exclu- sion, or at least neglect, of its spiritual aspect. One of your officers has par- ticularly asked me to speak to you to- day concerning the spiritual aspect of the Church’s medical missionary work in Shanghai. It will perhaps explain to some extent our evident diffidence in the matter when I call to your remembrance the fact that it is the particular duty of our clerical co-workers to speak and teach the words of Jesus and the words writ- ten about Him, while it is the peculiar • An address delivered before the Foreign Committee of the Woman’s Auxiliary of the Diocese of Pennsylvania, March 20th, i905. ( 14 ) function of the medical workers, in so far as they may attain thereto, to work the works of Jesus. Is then our diffi- dence other than natural? Yet from the standpoint of the home Churchman, your gentle rebuke has reason, and it is eminently within your rights to demand of us that we make report concerning the chiefest work and the fruits of that very work for which you send us abroad. You will not, how- ever, I believe, be disappointed when I tell you that from our standpoint, the standpoint of the medical missionaries who are doing the practical work in the field, there is but one aspect to our work, and that is the spiritual. It is true that our first two years in China must be largely devoted to acquiring the lan- guage, and Chinese is not a spiritual language; that most of us must then 15 “ 1 Was All Hungered ’ raise money to build our hospital, and begging is not a spiritual occupation; that we must then build the hospital under our own direction; that we must raise the money to furnish it, and furnish it; that we must raise the support of it year by year and support it;* that we must find assistants and train them, doctors, nurses and servants ; that we must buy the linen and drugs, oversee the kitchen and laundry, and generally attend to the hospital housekeeping. And withal we must do an amount of medical work and a number of surgical operations and dressings, and of such a character as would strike most home physicians as an enormous day’s work by itself, and this must be done day by day and year by year. So, it appears, the bulk of our time and attention is given to matters unspiritual in character. Yet I make the claim, and without any hesitation, for as one of the editors of our medical periodical I have had the opportunity of meeting many of them in one way or another, I make the claim, I say, that there is not a medical mis- sionary in the whole East who has been in the work as long as three years, that is there with any other primary motive than the Christian motive. I really do not know any medical man or woman out there who is giving his life in ser- vice to those peoples (I am not talking of a court physician here and there on a huge salary), who is not there first and last for the Kingdom of God’s sake. But, you will say. How reconcile this claim with the facts of their daily liv- ing? St. John, in his first epistle, in speak- ing of the Christian’s fight for personal righteousness, says, “This is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith,” the faith that Jesus is the Son * St. Luke’s Hospital Is alone among our for- eign missionary hospitals in that the Church makes no appropriation for its support, beyond providing for the stipends of the American physicians and nurses. All running expenses are provided locally, either through the fees received or through the gifts of Americans and Chinese resident in Shanghai. All mission hos- pitals aim at self-support. Those of our own Church are steadily reaching this goal. — Editok. of God. But how emphatically St. James puts it, that this very faith on which the victory depends “apart from works is barren.” Our faith is in China to bear fruit, not to be barren, but, I tell you, you might as well expect to see roses bloom in the fertile soil of an ice- berg as your faith bear fruit in China without works. If Jesus could not preach His own Gospel of love without living a life of surpassing tenderness and helpfulness, and if the apostles fol- lowed in His wisest way, we can hardly expect to do better than follow too. There is no more terrible test of any man’s faith than to be deprived for a space of the power of doing works, and if for a time a man does work without faith we may look for one of two things to happen, either faith will be born in him or the works will die. What is true for the individual is just as true for the Church. Why do you build an “Epis- copal Hospital” here in Philadelphia? To see how many Americans you can baptize therein? I think not. Is it not rather to bear witness to the love which, as Christians, you claim to have in your hearts for your fellows ? Could you preach Christ’s Gospel of love, and not live it? Would intelligent Americans believe your words alone? What is true for America is more true for China. If the dead must be raised up in order that John the Baptist should believe, will the Chinese be convinced on mere hearsay? And so we, of the American Church, built St. Luke’s Hos- pital in Shanghai to bear witness to the vitality of our faith, to illustrate in a practical manner the love that the Church teaches in theory. You know as well as I do that very few baptisms take place within the walls of a mission hospital. There were but two during the past year in St. Luke’s, and those two were in the case of patients not expected to live. Are you disappointed in the showing? How long does it take to make a Christian in China? It is the mission rule that no one coming out of heathenism shall be baptized into the Church until a ( 16 ) DR. JEFFERYS AND PATIENT IN THE X-RAY MACHINE ROOM “I Was An Hungered” 17 year and a half have been lived con- sistently from the time he became an in- quirer. How many patients are in a hospital for this time? The longest time one patient has been in St. Luke’s in recent years is eight months, that is ten months short of possible baptism. No, baptism is only indirectly and not primarily the object of the mission hos- pital! What then? What is the aim? tt is this : By the character of the insti- tution and by the quality of its work. China has a working theory that we are not there to baptize all the Chinese nor to cure all the Chinese. The first would make a weak native Church, the second would pauperize the Chinese at the expense of the American public. Neither end is to be desired. What then are we there for? Decidedly, to plant in China a strong and enduring Chinese Church, and the hospital, in curing the sick and especially in plant- ing scientific medicine in the land, is "THE OPERATING ROOM IS ABSOLUTELY UP-TO-DATE AND EFFICIENT” to make it absolutely clear to the Chi- nese people, to the young and im- pressionable Church, to every man, woman and child who steps within its doors, and to the whole neighborhood, that the hospital is there as a living ex- pression of the practical and helpful love that is sounding from Calvary and echoing and re-echoing around the world. Now if you will ask me how the hos- pital makes that clear, I will tell you up to a certain point. The American Church Mission in not a means to the end, but an absolute- ly necessary co-partner in the work. Lor success, however, two things are req- uisite, that the seed shall be good seed and that it shall be well planted. Only thus may we trust it to take deep root and to bring forth its great harvest of the future. Good seed and well planted! Right here is where St. Luke’s Hospital makes a start. It does not recognize that cheap drugs, hustled patients, lack of gentle- ness or stuffy wards are in any sense illustrative of Christian love. It does 18 “I Was An not recognize that poor work of any kind or description will best illustrate the life of Jesus. There are several streets that lead to St. Luke’s and as you come down them you will notice first that the hospital is surrounded by them on all sides, and that, though in the heart of the most Chinesy of slums, there is an abundance of light and fresh air throughout. You will next see that around the outside wall is written in large Chinese characters this text, “Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will to men” — one of the comparatively few isolated and appropriate texts of the New Testament that could not fail of be- ing understood by every Chinese passer- by, old or young, rich or poor. Then, as you come up to the front door you will find a small booth at one side and in it two large stone hongs which during the entire hot season are kept full of tea, the drink of the natives, and it is there free to perhaps a hundred thousand coolies who daily pass the hos- pital doors at their labor. Then you will ascend the steps and before you have entered you will notice a large brass tablet upon the wall which says plainly in Chinese that the hospital is built “To the glory of God and in thank- ful remembrance of His mercies,” and underneath, also in Chinese, “0 triune God, with heart and voice ador- ing. Praise we the goodness that doth crown our days.” From there on I think you will not turn a corner or ascend a step without coming face to face with some evidence of the Christian inspiration of the in- stitution. The roof-garden, perhaps the only one in China, is for the poor. The rich have a veranda and are allowed in the roof -garden if there is room. It is half glassed in and half open. There is a huge wistaria vine up there and ivy trailing all about. It is full of palms and flowers and gold-fish and highly colored birds, and all around the wall are hand paintings of the parables of Jesus, made expressly for the Chinese Hungered ” by a Chinese artist. And all about are sofas and comfortable chairs and games for the patients, and on the main wall the simple text, “All Thy works shall praise Thee, O Lord.” On the middle floor is the operating room. It is the prettiest in all China, all white and absolutely up-to-date and efficient. It is furnished “To the glory of God and in memory of a little girl baby.’'’ You know what the Chinese think of girl babies! They do not give them much of a welcome into the world. Often they are sold into slavery or mere- ly disappear — the preferable fate of the two. But I think that not many Chi- nese who owe surcease of years of pain or even life itself to that operating room will read that inscription without learning a new conception, born of the Christian estimate of “a girl baby.” There is a prayer for use before each operation. Notice how simple it must be for all to understand : “All powerful Lord of Heaven! This Thy child who is before Thee is sick. We, Thy servants, ask Thee for skilful hands and for wis- dom to relieve his pain and cure his body, in order that some day he may understand the love and mercy of his Heavenly Father and return thanks to Thee and come to serve Thee. We ask it all in the name of Jesus Christ the Saviour. Amen!" On the lower floor is the chapel, as sweet a place of worship as any in the whole East, and it too is “To the glory of God.” In it every morning the pa- tients are gathered for prayers and there we may at any time talk to them quietly. And in the evening it is open not only to the patients but to the street as well and service is held in Shanghai, or in Cantonese, or in Mandarin, so cos- mopolitan is the neighborhood. Some of the nurses are faithful Christians, so are the native physicians. The re- ligious instruction is under the charge of the Yen. Archdeacon Thomson, for forty-five years a trained evangelist, and under him two native priests. In the “I Was An Hungered 19 ‘•TO THE HOSPITAL COMES THE MAN WITH A TUMOR ON HIS BACK LARGER THAN HIS HEAD” future we are to have two native evan- gelists as well, who will give their un- divided time to this work. These, be- sides holding the services, spend much of their time in the wards talking to the patients, reading to them and learn- ing to know them, especially the lone- ly ones and those in greatest need. This is the atmosphere in which the physicians do their work, and I can tell you that men who give their lives to that service and give up this wonder- ful home-land of America for China are not likely to lose many opportuni- ties of doing the very consummate thing for the sake of which they made the sacrifice, nor often when they give the cup of cold water, as they must to each and every sufferer, to fail to give it distinctly in the name of Christ. “Blessed indeed are the merciful,” for they are His very own disciples. You know His estimate of discipleship ! I suppose that to each and every Chris- tian there is some utterance of Jesus that has led him more surely through the encircling gloom and farther over the ocean’s trackless wastes than every other ! . . . I will confess to you that, in the journey of my own life, the pole- star in the eternal heaven of Christ’s spoken words is the passage beginning: “Then shall the King say unto them. Come, ye blessed of my Father!” and ending : “Inasmuch as ye did it unto one of these my brethren, even these least, ye did it unto me.” Here, in the mis- sion hospital, the hungry are fed, and often the starving are fed in St. Luke’s. Here it is that the strangers are taken in, yes, and made welcome, from For- mosa on the East to far Kashgar, and find friends. And the naked are clothed, and the sick — but for them we live. And the prisoners — yes, there is a special private room with two beds for men from the prisons of Shanghai. To do that thing in His name, in a hospital of which the ideal is that from the roof down to the boiler room it shall talk aloud of love, mercy, tenderness and the spirit and life of Jesus, is that not spiritual work? I tell you that com- pared with even living words there lives in that the very soul and spirit of all spirituality ! “A GANGRENOUS FOOT, THE RESULT OF CHINESE MALPRACTICE. CURED AT ST LUKE’S BY SKIN-GRAFTING” 20 “I Was An Hungered” Here it is that the hard ground is broken up and made fertile. Here where a Chinese who, in the days of his prosperity, could he have been coaxed into a street chapel, would nine times out of ten have been thinking about the queer foreigner until the subject of con- versation was brought around to relig- ion, and when he was told that life was more than meat would just then have been reminded that it was his supper time and that “he must go,” but who after intolerable suffering over a period of five years, having spent his all on the unspeakablenesses of native surgery without avail; here it is, I say, that he will come with a tumor larger than his head, with broken health, without means and hungry, and will find a welcome, and a free bed (I wish there were more),* • One thousand dollars will establish and maintain a free bed in St. Luke’s Hospital, Shanghai. food and shelter and, what is more, a cure. Here it is that three weeks or a month later, as a well man, he may be told that life is more than meat and he will not only listen but believe, and be- cause of his faith find hope, and here it is that he may be told at last that love is best, and he will believe that too, for he has seen it. Here it is that a tiny apprentice boy hobbled after starving on the streets of Shanghai for more than three days, hav- ing been turned out by his master be- cause he could not walk or work for very agony, and when he came, was cleaned and fed and cured and in a month doubled his weight, and after- ward was not returned to his legal owner, but was put in a Christian school, where he has proved as bright and happy as the day, and in the fulness of time has been, at his own request, baptized THE BEFORE AND AFTER OF HOSPITAL ’WORK This lad, homeless and friendless, v'as admitted to St. Luke’s Hospital with an ulcerated leg. Two months of skilful care and nursing entirely transformed him physically and removed all dislike of foreigners. 21 ‘■I Was An Hungered” and lives to-day a consistent Chinese Christian. The hospital does make Christians, the hospital does plow up the hardest ground and make it fertile, the hospital does reach high and low and far and wide; . . . but the mission of the hos- pital is to work the works of Christian love, without which our faith is dead indeed, and with which the gracious flowers of Christian faith and works. growing side by side, come into fullest fruition in China. If there be on earth a sweeter work or a more spiritual, I know it not ! This work is yours, yours though you have never seen it! Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed! For it alone, in the eternal harvest of love, the King will some day say unto you, “Far away in China I was sick and ye visited me. Well done !” JAMES ADDISON INGLE. M.A. BORN MARCH llTH, 1867 DIED DECEMBER 7TH, 1903 FIRST MISSIONARY BISHOP OF HANKOW 1902-1903 ( 22 ) YE LOVE ME”* THE PLACE OF LOVE IN MISSION WORK BY W. H. JEFFERYS, A.M., M.D. I T is my desire and purpose to-day to pass over the local consideration of medical mission work in Shanghai and to speak to you concerning a broader aspect of Christian missions, to speak to you concerning “The Place of Love in Mission Work.” And I would say at the outset, in case anyone here might think for a moment that this is the less practical of the two subjects, and that we laymen and physicians are expected to speak practically and not to preach, that mission work in its very broadest sense is but another name for the practice of Christian love; that where the practice of Christian love be- gins, there Christian missions begin, even if it be between husband and wife, and where it ends there Christian mis- sions end, in the home circle or in the Arctic Circle. “If ye love Me, keep My command- ments !” First Commandment — “Thou Shalt love thy God!” Second Commandment — “Thou Shalt love thy neighbor!” Last Commandment — “Go ye, make disciples of all the nations, teaching them to observe my com- mandments.” On those three commandments hangs the whole subject of Christian missions. Yes, love is practical in mission work, for love is mission work! It is its in- spiration, it is its power and it is its consummation. Love, in the beginning and ever since has been the inspiration of mission work, for God, who is love, so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son to be the first and greatest of mis- sionaries. And Jesus said unto Peter, the fisherman, in the beginning, “Follow Me and I will make you a fisher of men,” and at the end, “Simon, lovest * Kn address deliTerrd at All Saints’ Church. Fred- erick, Md., April 13th. I'JOS. thou Me more than these” love Me? and then “Feed My sheep.” And unto that man, the first bishop of the Christian Church, were given the keys of heaven because he loved most. How is it that China and Japan do not send us missionaries to propagate the faiths of Buddha and Confucius and Lao-tsz at an expense to themselves of millions of dollars a year? Theirs are great religions. Is it because their re- ligions are not true? No, for their re- ligions have much truth; right and wrong, awards and penalties, future life, powers above. I sometimes think that if there had never been a Christ, the whole Anglo-Saxon world would have adopted Confucian morality. What then is the reason ?'^It is not a question of truth. It is a question of love. It is because there is hardly enough love in all the composite religions of the East to make a Chinese care a copper cash whether any- one else believes them or not, while Christianity has enough love in it to make it care everything whether it shares its life or not. Christianity has the inspiration, not of a good code of temporal morality, but of a surpassing life of eternal love. Not all Christians believe in mis- sions! Someone loved enough to think it worth while to make Christians of us. If we do not think it worth while to pass it on, someone wasted a lot of valu- able time! But the Church has one best of reasons for thinking that the town of Frederick believes in Christian mis- sions.* Then love is the power of Christian missicms. Jesus trained Paul too and sent him to be the first bishop to the Gentiles. And St. Paul’s experience was this : In labors, in stripes, in deaths oft, thrice beaten, once stoned, * ThB late Bishop Ingle of Hankow was born in Frederick and grew up in All Saints' parish, of which his father, the Rev, Osborne Ingle, was then, as he still is, the rector. ( 23 ) 24 “If Ye Love Me” in shipwrecks, in the deep, in perils un- numbered, in weariness, in hunger and thirst, in cold and nakedness, I, Paul, am more. Yet . . . “if I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and if I give my body to be burned and have not love, it profit- eth me nothing.” Some people suppose that Christian missions are halting be- cause of lack of funds. By no means! They are halting because some Chris- tians lack love. When our love grows large enough, there will be funds and to spare. I hear that one of the Presby- terian secretaries said recently, “We need lives, not funds.” If there were as much surplus Christian love in this country as there is surplus Christian cash — so far does love go in mission work — I believe that the love and the money that would indicate the love, would be enough to buy China, per- haps the world, for Christ. The mission accounts at the Church Missions House in New York are merely the thermometer that regis- ters the warmth of the home Church’s fire. Some of the coals near the centre are already at white heat and the fire is spreading. Remember, to the luke- warm, Christ says, “I would thou wert cold or hot.” It is the lukewarm Chris- tians that stand between Christ’s love and the men and women who have never heard thereof. It is lukewarm Christi- anity that gave opium to China. It has, more than once, been said to me in this country, “Do you really pre- tend that you can love the Chinese?” In this country, mind you, and by the very same kind of women who love pug dogs and send them out in their car- riages for the fresh air and have them wear overshoes when the pavements are damp and goggles in their automobiles! I too like some dogs, but I tell you frankly, I would rather play with a jolly Chinese baby for an hour than with all the pug dogs I have ever seen, until the end of time. Yet, if by love is meant, do we like to fondle and caress the Chinese, do we prefer them as a race to Americans, would we like to see this country overrun with them in their pres- ent state of morality? — in that sense we do not love the Chinese. We do not, however, call that love, we call that sen- timentality. But if by love is meant the love that suffereth long and is kind, that seeketh not her own, that beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth all things, in that sense it is not a matter of pretence, it is a simple fact that we love the Chi- nese. The other day a medical student vol- unteer asked me, “To what should I give most attention in preparation for mis- sion work in Shanghai ?” Drummond answered that question once and for all, and the answer is, love. Give your at- tention to Christian love! If it is the greatest thing in the Kingdom of God, you may be very sure that it is the greatest need in the extension of the kingdom ! “If I speak with the tongues of men and of angels and have not love, I am become as sounding brass,” and had better stay home. And no one can read that chapter without thinking of what Henry Drummond said about it, and this is one thing he said : “You (missionaries) can take nothing greater to the heathen than the impression and reflection of the love of God upon your character — nothing! That is the uni- versal language. It will take you years to speak Chinese, or the dialects of In- dia. From the day you land, that lan- guage of love, understood by all, will be going forth from you.” That is literally true! How often do we prove it in China ! The first sur- gical operation I was called upon to per- form in China, before I knew a hundred words of the language, was upon a young boy who had been brutally struck in the chest by an Englishman with a hoe. The corner of the hoe had pene- trated the lung, and in Chinese hands he* would certainly have died, but in St. Luke’s Hospital he recovered. After- ward I visited him in his home, and on the way the village children hooted at me and called me “foreign devil,” but when I came to the sick boy’s house I was received as a friend. And though I “If Ye Love Me” 25 could not talk to her in words, the mother of the house was eager to show me her home and worldly possessions and to explain to me how to make thread. The language of love had been understood. How is it possible to love the Chi- nese? One day I was working in the wards of St. Luke’s Hospital when a Chinese visiting card was brought to me. It meant that a gentleman was downstairs. When I came into the waiting-room, however, he was not there. I found him out in the street standing by a rickshaw in which sat a ragged coolie, who was suflFering from a severe hemorrhage from the throat. The gen- tleman, who was dressed in a long brocaded blue silk gown, tortoise shell spectacles, etc., said, “I found this poor fellow in front of my house on the pave- ment and brought him to the hospital. I want you to receive him and care for him until he is well.” Now they have a delightful custom in China, which is all but universal, that when a sick man is found on one’s front pavement (and you know it is a common thing to find peo- ple dying of disease, starvation or old age on the streets of a Chinese city), the only sensible thing to do is to move him promptly on to the pavement of one’s next door neighbor, for if he should be so inconsiderate as to die, the law would require that the person on whose pave- ment he died should attend to and pay for his funeral. A sick man may be imagined as travelling quite a distance in the course of an afternoon of being “moved on.” No one would ordinarily think of taking in a poor stranger to die on one’s hands. Quite the contrary, an inn-keeper will invariably put one out if there seems any likelihood of such an event. My visitor had done other- wise. He had put the man in a rick- shaw and walked by his side to the hos- pital. He was insistent that we should “do all that we could for the sick man,” and at the same time put into my hands enough money to cover the cost of the patient’s maintenance for a week. As he went away he left his address saying, “Wlratever more is required for him I will gladly pay.” And that man was a heathen Chinese ! How is it possible to love such a man ? How on earth, rather, could any man with an ounce of heart possibly help loving such a man ? If we had seen him on the road to Jericho instead of on Nanzing Road, Shanghai, we should have known him in an instant for a man that the world honors for his so- lution of the question, “Who is my neighbor?” Why, to love such a man is almost like loving one’s own brother. Practical Christian love hardly calls that loving, to love a man whose lovable qualities are written all over him, from head to foot. That is merely living. Love seems rather to start when the love-inspiring qualities of the object ap- pear a bit obscure, as in the case of a Chinese professional beggar, for in- stance, a human parasite whose stock in trade is a painted sore, whose home, a beggar boat, about the size of a ship’s dory, is shared with from eight to ten other pigs, human or otherwise, as the case may be — and all foul beyond refined words. A woman whose conjugal part- ner is as likely as not her own brother or even her father — a wholly unmoral and hardly human being. Such an one came to St. Luke’s Hospital one winter. She was almost a wild animal, so frightened that for four visits she would not speak. She was covered with vermin, filthy and a leper. But she was given a welcome and found some relief from the intolerable misery that had driven her to us, and very gradually her wild heart yielded and finally became quite friendly, until, after many days, when the time came for her beggar boat to move away, she brought to the hos- pital what might be called her widow’s mite of love, the only thing she had to offer in return for what had been done for her, her one great possession on earth for us to see it, her leper baby. She never became a professing Chris- tian, but she too understood the lan- guage of love, and I think that I speak for all medical missionaries when I say that we count it among our truest ( 26 ) MISS MARGARET E, BENDER. HEAD NURSE. AND CHINESE ORDERLIES “If Ye Love Me’’ honors that we are able to reckon a few of such of Christ’s very least of least ones, in the number of our friends. “Charity begins at home ” Yes, that is true. It began in that far-off prime- val home when some great, but still un- human, ancestor tore limb from limb a fellow brute and first shared the prey with his savage mate and offspring; but charity will only end at the ends of the world. Home missions are good, they are the expression of love for those about us, for those whom we know and understand and feel for. But foreign missions are love reaching out, love grown larger, so as to feel for the stranger; strong hands held out to those who never can repay; a refinement of love which the Church must yet in large measure attain unto. Home missions are bread given to one’s own children, our duty of course. Foreign missions are flowers for a sick child in the hos- pital, for some of us also, duty, though the child can never make return and to many his very name may be unknown. “I was a stranger and ye took me in,” into your love! And love is the final goal of Chris- tian missions. It is the end of the evo- lution of Christian life, the very con- summation of the Church of Ged; act- ually that “one far-off divine event to which the whole creation moves,” when out of the awful chaos of the conflicts of selfishness, whether it be of war or of financial greed or of personal aggrandize- ment, shall come the world’s great har- mony of Christian fellowship; when out of the utter brute of our animal origin shall rise up such souls of love as even God only makes through countless years of patience; when not only our next door neighbor knows that God is love, but in the larger reaches of Christian love, every human soul, be he good Samaritan or Chinese beggar leper, from Bethlehem, the centre of the world, to the last man, shall have heard and be- lieved that God is Love because Christ and fellow-men so greatly loved that they called them friends and gave their lives to prove it. 27 There was a Christ-like man who gave his life for China.* It was given to him to feed the sheep and be their shepherd because, I believe, he loved mo.'"? than these. It was his ever pres- ent » leal of mission work to plant the Church firmly, to train up a few strong native Christians upon whose faith the Church in China should stand as upon the solid rock, and I tell you that when the day shall come that Christ’s little flock in China can count among its number ten such Christians as the man of whom I speak, the future Christian- ity of China will be an assured fact. He gave his body to be burned, and it profited much, for he loved much. I speak as of one who knew him least and only as a fellow worker, yet I knew him well enough to go to him in trouble. It was at the time of the Anglo-American Episcopal Conference, the last time he was in Shanghai and the last time I ever saw him.f A fellow worker J and I had so greatly differed and each so firm- ly believed himself in the right that it seemed to be a hopeless block to our co- operative work. I told Bishop Ingle of the affair, for I wanted his help in the matter, and I expected him to ask mi- nutely of the rights and wrongs thereof. But not so, nothing was further from his thoughts. All he said was, “Doctor, if we foreign workers cannot manage to live together in Christian love, how can we hope to teach the Chinese to live so? Our many differences and eccen- tricities are for discipline, and serve as our finest opportunities of showing the natives how Christians live together in peace.” And the conversation ended right there, and so did the quarrel. Yes ! In mission work love is the supreme thing. So quietly was the lesson taught, but I for one shall never forget it. Do you, people of Frederick, wonder that I have chosen to tell it to you, of all people, and ask you to remember it with me until the day when we shall see him whom we love face to face? * The reference ia to the late Bishop Ingle. t October, 1903. t By no means my good colleague, Ur. Boone. 'J^ 'HIS pamphlet can be obtained from the Corresponding Secretary, 28/ Fourth Avenue, New York, by asking for No. 247. Price, 10 Cents a Copy^ Third Edition, October, 1908. (%M.) S. P.