£*rice, lO Cents. 
 
 THE 
 
 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 
 
 OF THh. 
 
 HAUGUBATIOK OF GEORGE WASHINGTON 
 
 As First President of the United States, 
 
 MONDAY, TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY, 
 
 April 29tl\, 30tt\, and May 1st, 1889. 
 
 OFFICIAL PROGRAMME 
 
 WITH HIST0RfGAL SKETCHES 
 
 BY 
 
 CLARENCE WINTHROP BOWEN, 
 SECRETARY OF THE COMMITTEE, m 
 
Price, lO Cents. 
 THE 
 
 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 
 
 OF" THE 
 
 IpGUipon of Geop Washington 
 
 As First President of the United States, 
 
 MONDAY, TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY 
 
 April 29tl\, 30tl\, and May 1st, 1889. 
 
 OFFICIAL PEOGEAMME 
 
 WITH HIST0RI6AL SKETCHES 
 
 BY 
 
 CLARENCE WINTHROP BOWEN, 
 
 SECRETARY OF THE COMMITTEE. 
 
 Copyrighted 1889 by the Con\ir\ittee on th.e Cer\ter\nial of Washington's Inauguration. 
 
i 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Paye 
 
 THE INAUGURATION OF GEORGE WASHINGTON AS PRESIDENT OP THE UNITED 
 
 STATES 1 
 
 THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT GEORGE WASHINGTON 13 
 
 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL OF WASHINGTON'S INAUGURATION 15 
 
 THE CELEBRATION OF THE ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF WASHINGTON'S 
 
 INAUGURATION ; 17 
 
 SUB-COMMITTEES 29 
 
 GENERAL COMMITTEE 30 
 
 SPECIAL COMMITTEES 31 
 
 COMMISSIONERS 32 
 
 PROGRAMME 34 
 
I 
 
THE INAUGURATION OF GEORGE WASHINGTON AS 
 . PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Condensed by the author from the initial article in the illustrated series 
 on the Inauguration Centennial in the Century Magazine for April. 
 
 The Convention that formed the Constitution of the 
 United States adjourned in Philadelphia on the 17th 
 of September, 1787. Three days later a draft of 
 the Constitution was placed in the hands of the Conti- 
 nental Congress with the request that it should be sub- 
 mitted for ratification to the several states, and that when 
 Congress had received the approval of nine states a day 
 should be named on which Presidential electors should 
 be chosen by Ihe States, and a day when the electors 
 should meet to vote for President. But the formation of 
 the Constitution was not the final act in the struggle for 
 independence and constitutional government. A contest, 
 at times bitter and uncompromising, must be fought out 
 before the Constitution could be adopted, and the first 
 President of the United States inaugurated. 
 
 The battle at once began in Congress with Richard 
 Henry Lee, of Virginia, Nathan Dane, of Massachusetts, 
 and the delegation from New York opposed to ratification. 
 But after a discussion of eight days Congress voted to 
 submit the Constitution to the States. The people were 
 now divided into Federalists and Anti-Federalists, accord- 
 ing to their approval or disapproval of the Constitution. 
 In December, 1787, Delaware, Pennsylvania and New 
 Jersey adopted the Constitution, and Georgia and Con- 
 necticut followed the next month. The Anti-Federalists 
 in Massachusetts were most numerous. In the State 
 Convention, presided over by Governor Hancock, sat 
 Samuel Adams, of town-meeting fame, and the three rep- 
 resentatives of Massachusetts at the late Convention in 
 Philadelphia: Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus King and Caleb 
 Strong. But by a vote of one hundred and eighty-seven 
 to one hundred and sixty-eight, Massachusetts adopted 
 the Constitution with the suggestion that certain amend- 
 ments be added. Henceforth the na.ue Federal Street was 
 given to Long Lane, where stood the meeiing-hcuse in 
 Boston occupied by the Convention. The seventh and 
 eighth states to enter the Union under the Constitution 
 were Maryland and South Carolina, and the glory of being 
 the ninth belongs to New Hampshire.* But jubilant as 
 were the Federalists, it seemed impossible to form the new 
 government without the aid of the great States cf Virginia 
 and New York. When the State Convention met in the 
 
 * "The Critical Period of American History," by John Fiske, Chap. vii. 
 
 " Old Dominion," Patrick Henry stood at the head cf the 
 opposition. He preferred a confederacy of states to a 
 monarchy toward which he thought the new Government 
 would lean. He " saw* poison" under the wings of the 
 Constitution. He was supported in his opposition by 
 James Monroe, afterward President of the United States, 
 and by John Tyler, the father of one, and Benjamin Har- 
 rison, the ancestor of two Presidents of the United States. 
 But the following of James Madison, John Marshall and 
 Edmund Pendleton was too strong to be overcome, and 
 Virginia ratified the Constitution by a vote of eighty-nine 
 to seventy-nine. All eyes were now turned toward New 
 York. The bitterest opponent of the Constitution was 
 George Clinton, the powerful Governor, and when the 
 State Convention met at Poughkeepsie his supporters were 
 largely in the majority and they were determined to move 
 heaven and earth to keep New York out of the new gov- 
 ernment; but mere members were nothing against the de- 
 voted patriotism of John Jay and the matchless genius of 
 Alexander Hamilton. Moreover, the great Federal dem- 
 onstration in New York City on the 23d of July, 1788, 
 had much to do with the adoption, three days later, 
 at Poughkeepsie, of the Constitution by the State of New 
 York.t New York was brought into the Union by so close 
 a vote as thirty to twenty-seven. Next to Washington, 
 belonged to Madison, Jay and Hamilton, the authors of 
 the Federalist, the victory of Federalism over Anti-Fed- 
 eralisin. 
 
 Meanwhile, the requisite number of states having 
 adopted the Constitution, Congress reported an act for 
 putting the new government into operation. J It was 
 decided that the Presidential electors should be chosen 
 on the first Wednesday in January, of 1789, that the elec- 
 tors should choose a President on the first Wednesday in 
 February and that the two Houses of Congress should 
 assemble in New York, on the first Wednesday in March. 
 The last days of the old Congress were now numbered. 
 
 * Cook's "Virginia" (American Commonwealth series), pp. 475, 476. 
 
 h " History of the Soci ty of the Cincinnati in New York State," by 
 John Schuyler, p. 274. 
 
 tSept. 13th, 17SS, " History of the Life anil Times of James MaJi- 
 son," by Wm. C. Rives, Vol. II, pp. 633-«37. 
 
2 
 
 THE INAUGURATION OF GEORGE WASHINGTON 
 
 It had been kept barely alive during the winter cf 1788- 
 89 — sometimes less than half a dozen members being in 
 the city.* In fact, the last real meeting had taken place 
 October 10th, 1788.f It was, indeed, a Rump Congress. 
 After the 1st of January there was never a quorum 
 present. From a letter! written from New York, on the 
 2d of March, by the Postmaster General Ebenezer 
 Hazard, to the "Honorable Major-General Gates at 
 Traveler's Rest," § are taken these words : 
 
 "There lias been no Congress since the commencement of 
 the praBcnt federal year ; but it is expected that a sufficient num- 
 ber to form an House will meet to-day. As the new Constitution 
 will take place on Wednesday they will have but two days to sit." 
 
 There 'was certainly one man ready to sit in the old 
 Congress on Monday and Tuesday, the 2d and 3d 
 of March. His name was John Gardiner, of Rhode 
 Island, a State which, with North Carolina, refused to 
 ratify the Constitution. On Wednesday, March 4th, 
 Gardiner "found himself (he only living member of a 
 departed body and returned to Newport, a delegate to a 
 power that was no longer known." || Yet the old Con- 
 gress died hard. Fisher Ames, sitting in the new Con- 
 gress, did not know " whether the old government was 
 dead or the new one alive. God deliver us speedily," he 
 wrote, % "from this puzzling state, or prepare my will, if it 
 subsists much longer, for I am in a fever to think of it." 
 But the "know ye" aud "paper money gentry" of in- 
 fatuated Rhode Island continued to worship the ghost of 
 Anti-Federalism by choosing delegates to the old Congress 
 as late as May of '89.** " The analogy between the fate of 
 the eld Continental money," said a newspaper corre- 
 spondent of the day.tf " and that cf the old Congress who 
 made it, is striking. The former began and completed 
 the Revolution, so did the latter; and if the forgicr some- 
 what depreciated, did not the latter also ? As the former 
 had no funds or internal strength in its Constitution to 
 support itself in a day of trial, so the bane of the latter 
 was of a similar nature. The former lived to see itself 
 neglected by those it had served, so did the latter. Alike 
 in their lives they were not dissimilar in their deaths. 
 As the former had a calm and easy exit, so the latter ex- 
 
 * Griswold's " Republican Court," p. 113. 
 
 fNarrative and Critical History of America,'" edited l>y Justin 
 Winsor, Vol. VII, p. 2GT. 
 
 X Original owne J by Dr. Thomas Addis Emmet, of New York. 
 
 5 The country seat of General Gates, in Berkeley County, Virginia. 
 His New York residence was " Kose Hill," about East Twentieth 
 Street and East River— the name of the upper of the three Stuyvesant 
 farms. Before the Revolution the farm passed to the de Lanreys, 
 while the head of that family was Chief-Justice. A church in East 
 Twenty-eighth Street is to-day called "The Rose Hill Methodist 
 Church. - ' 
 
 11 Herald of Freedom, Feb. 10th and March 17th, 17s9, and Massachu- 
 setts Spy, March 19th, 1789. 
 
 T Letter of March 25th, 1739, to George Richard Blinot, of Boston. 
 
 Herald of Freedom, May 12th, 17S9. 
 tt New Jersty Journal ami Political Intelligencer, April 22d, 17S9. 
 
 pired without a groan; and as the latter died wilhout 
 hope of resuscitation, so may the old Continental be s?t 
 down among lost cases." 
 
 At sunset on the evening of March 3d the old Confed- 
 eration was fired out by thirteen guns from the Fort op- 
 posite Bowling Green in New York, and on Wednesday, 
 the fourth, the new era was ushered in by the firing of 
 eleven guns in honor of the eleven States that had adopted 
 the Constitution.* The States of Rhode Island and North 
 Carolina were now severed from the American Union, 
 and were as independent of eacli other as England and 
 France. "All sea captains," said a Providence newspa- 
 per,! "belonging to this State will sail under the sole pro- 
 tection of the State of Rhode Island, having no claim to 
 the flag of the United States; for the eleven confederated 
 States are, in fact, the United States."! 
 
 Not only were guns fired and bells rung on the morn- 
 ing of March 4th, but at noon and at sunset eleven more 
 guns were fired and the bells were rung for an hour.§ 
 The citizens of New York were happy. The new Consti- 
 tution was considered a "sheet anchor of commerce and 
 prop of Freedom ";|| and it was thought " Congress would 
 again thrive, the farmer meet immediately a ready market 
 for his produce, manufacturers flourish, and peace and 
 prosperity adorn our land. "If " After a long night of po- 
 litical apprehension" was at length seen "the dawn of 
 national happiness."** 
 
 But where was the expected quorum? Only eight Sen- 
 ators and thirteen Representatives put in an appearance at 
 twelve o'clock, the hour of meeting. The Senators from 
 New Hampshire were John Langdon and Paine Wingate. 
 Langdon was fifty years old, and was made President of 
 the Senate ft till the arrival of John Adams. He had been 
 a member of the Continental Congress and of Unconsti- 
 tutional Convention and a Governor cf New Hampshire. 
 A Revolutionary patriot, he had pledged his plate and the 
 proceeds of seventy hogsheads cf tobacco to render possi- 
 ble General Stark's victory at Bennington. Paine Win- 
 gate was fifty, a graduate of Harvard, a Congregational 
 minister, and a member of the old Congress. His letters 
 
 * MasiichuiMs Cent'.n?l, March 14th; also. Maryland Journal aud 
 Baltimore Advertiser, March 13th, 1789. 
 
 t The United States Chron.cle, March 3th, 1789. 
 
 X " At the first Convention in North Carolina the Constitution was 
 not ratified; but at a second Convention, held in November, 17s9, it 
 was adopted by a majority of more than two to one, the vote being 193 
 in the affirmative and 75 in the negative. The Legislature of Rhode 
 Island, during the session ia September, had sent an address to ' The 
 President, the Senate aud the House of Representatives of the Eleven 
 I nited States of America in Congress assembled,' in which were con- 
 tained explanations of the coaise pursued by that State in not adopt- 
 ing the Constitution."— Sparks's " Washington,'' Vol. X, p. 67. 
 
 5 Massachusetts Centinel, March 14th, 17S9, 
 
 t Xew York Packet, March Gth, 17S9. 
 
 ^ Daiiy Advertiser, March 5th, 1739. 
 
 *' Columbian Magazine, May, 1789. 
 
 tt He "presided with great dignity and propriety."— Salem .Mercury, 
 April 14th. 
 
AS PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 3 
 
 from New York to his brother-in-law, Timothy Pickering, 
 show him to be a patriotic statesman. He survived all of 
 the United States Senators of 1783. Langdon left Ports- 
 mouth on the sixteenth of February, and after being es- 
 corted out of town several miles, where a collation was 
 served, he proceeded on his journey to New York. Four 
 days later he and Wingate passed through Worcester. 
 
 The only Senator from Massachusetts present at the 
 opening of Congress was Caleb Strong, forty-four years 
 old, graduate of Harvard College, lawyer, member of the 
 Massachusetts Legislature during the Revolution, mem- 
 ber of the great Convention of 1787, afterward eight 
 years United States Senator and ten years Governor of the 
 eld Commonwealth. "When ha left his home at Northamp- 
 ton to go to New York his neighbors appeared before his 
 door at sunrise and escorted him in sleighs to Springfield. 
 Tristram Dalton, the other Senator from Massachusetts, 
 was also a Harvard graduate, fifty-one years of age, and 
 a lawyer. He was prevented by illness from leaving 
 home until early in April of 1789. He represented Massa- 
 chusetts in the Senate nearly two years, and was suc- 
 ceeded in 1791 by George Cabot. 
 
 Connecticut's two Senators, William Samuel Johnson 
 and Oliver Ellsworth, were both present at the opening of 
 Congress. Johnson was sixty-one, a graduate of Yale and 
 a brilliant scholur, lawyer and orator. As a representa- 
 tive cf Connecticut in the Convention of the Colonies in 
 New York in 1765, he wrote most of the Remonstrance 
 agaiuc-t the Parliament of Great Britain. In 170G he rep- 
 resented Connecticut in England, wdiere he received from 
 the University of Oxford the degree of Doctor of Laws. 
 While a member of the Constitutional Convention in Phil- 
 adelphia he first proposed the organization of the Senate 
 as a distinct body. While Senator of the United States he 
 held the position of President of Columbia College and 
 presided at the annual Commencement of the college in 
 St. Paul's Church, a week after the inauguration of Wash- 
 ington. Oliver Ellsworth, a student at Yale and a gradu- 
 ate of Princeton, a lawyer of forty-three, a member of the 
 Continental Congress, one of the framers of the Constitu- 
 tion, and later Chief-Justice of the United States, was a 
 gentleman remarkable for his intellectual gifts and abso- 
 lute purity of character. John Adams called him the 
 firmest pillar of Washington's whole Administration. He 
 organized the judiciary of the United States. 
 
 The sixth Senator present was Robert Morris, of Penn- 
 sylvania, fifty-six years old, a signer of the Declaration, a 
 framer of the Constitution. During the Revolution and 
 the years immediately succeeding it his services in render- 
 ing financial aid to the Government were invaluable. " I 
 want money," said Morris during the war to a Quaker 
 friend, "for the use of the army." "What security can 
 thee give?" asked the lender. " My note and my honor," 
 responded Morris. " Robert, thee shall have it," was the 
 
 prompt reply. Morris's colleague in the Senate was 
 William Maclay. He was fifty-two, was born in Penn- 
 sylvania, and had married a daughter of John Harris, the 
 founder of Harrisburg. He was a lawyer and held various 
 offices of trust in the State of Pennsylvania. But he is 
 best known for his " Sketches of Debate," one of the few 
 books that give an insight into the character of the Con- 
 gress of 1789. 
 
 The only Southern State represented in the Senate at 
 the opening of Congress was Georgia, in the person of 
 William Few, a man of forty-one, a Revolutionary officer, 
 a delegates to the Continental Congress, and a member of 
 the Federal Convention. 
 
 Of the thirteen members of the House present, the 
 delegates from Massachusetts and Connecticut were the 
 most distinguished: George Thacher, Fisher Ames, George 
 Leonard, Elbridge Gerry, Benjamin Huntington, Jonathan 
 Trumbull, and Jeremiah Wadsworth. George Thacher, 
 a Harvard man of thirty-five, had been a member of the 
 old Congress. Fisher Ames entered Harvard College 
 when twelve years old and the first Congress under the 
 Constitution at thirty-one. He was the brilliant orator 
 and leader in debate. George Leonard graduated from 
 Harvard and was sixty years old. Elbridge Gerry, a 
 Harvard graduate of forty-five, a signer of the Declaration 
 of Independence, a member of the Constitutional Conven- 
 tion, later an Ambassador to France, Governor of Massa- 
 chusetts, and Vice-President of the U/nited States, was 
 listened to with the utmost confidence in the Congress of 
 1789, when he spoke on the great financial questions of 
 the day. Benjamin Huntington was a Yale man of fifty- 
 three and a member of the old Congress. Jeremiah 
 Wadsworth had also been a member of the Continental 
 Congress. Jonathan Trumbull was a graduate of Harvard 
 College, was forty-nine years old, had a good record in 
 the Revolution, was the son of the old war governor, 
 " Brother Jonathan," and became Speaker of the House, 
 United States Senator, and Governor of his native State. 
 Of Pennsylvania's four representatives present Frederick 
 Augustus Muhlenberg, president of the State Convention 
 of Pennsylvania which ratified the Constitution, was 
 thirty-nine and was soon to be elected the first Speaker. 
 His brother, Peter Muhlenberg, was forty-three, was or- 
 dained in England by the Bishop of London, and at the 
 end of the Revolution was a major-general. Thomas 
 Hartley, of Pennsylvania, a colonel in the Revolution 
 and a lawyer; Daniel Hiester, also of Pennsylvania: Alex- 
 ander White, of Virginia, a member of the Continental 
 Congress ; and Thomas Tudor Tucker of South Carolina, 
 likewise a delegate of the old Congress, completed the 
 list of representatives in their seats at the opening of 
 Congress. 
 
 The Senate waited from day to day for more members 
 to appear, and on the 11th of March addressed a circular 
 
4 
 
 THE INAUGURATION OF GEORGE WASHINGTON 
 
 letter to the absentees, urging their immediate presence in 
 New York. A similar summons was sent out a week 
 later. The first Senator to respond was William Paterson. 
 of New Jersey, forty-four years old, a graduate of Prince- 
 ton College, a lawyer, a governor of his state for three 
 years, and afterward for thirteen years one of the asso- 
 ciate justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. 
 In the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia he was 
 the author of the New Jersey plan for the preservation of 
 the sovereignty of the States in the new Government. 
 On the 21st of March, or two days after Paterson's arrival, 
 Richard Bassett, of Delaware, took his seat in the Senate. 
 A member of the Continental Congress, of the Annapolis 
 Convention, of the Constitutional Convention, he after- 
 ward became Chief-Justice t>t the Common Pleas and 
 Governor of his native state. He was the great-grand- 
 father of Thomas F. Bayard. Jonathan Elmer, of New 
 Jersey, forty-four years old, and an eminent physician, 
 was prevented by illness from taking his seat in the 
 Senate until the 28th of March. Before leaving home a 
 banquet was given him by the gentlemen of his county. 
 
 Though Richard Henry Lee, of Virginia, left Baltimore 
 March 2d he did not arrive in New York until Sunday, 
 April 5th, so difficult was the traveling. In fact, the great 
 quantity of ice in the rivers to the southward of New 
 York made the passage of boats across them dangerous, 
 and was one of the reasons for the tardiness of gentlemen 
 from the South. Indeed, a Congressman was obliged to 
 go nearly a hundred miles up one of the rivers before he 
 could cross on the ice. Lee's arrival in Congress was 
 notable for two things : because he was the twelfth Sen- 
 ator — enough to make a quorum — and because he was a 
 man of the greatest distinction. He was fifty-seven years 
 old. He received a classical education in England. As a 
 member of the House of Burgesses he mafle a brilliant 
 speech opposing the institution of slavery. He became 
 famous in 1766, under the leadership of Patrick Henry. 
 He was a delegate to the Continental Congress in Phila- 
 delphia in 1774. In 1775, as chairman of the committee, 
 he drew up the commission and instructions to George 
 Washington as Commander-in-Chief. In 1776 he moved 
 the great Declaration of Independence. He afterward 
 signed the Articles of Confederation. He was president 
 of one of the Continental Congresses and served on all the 
 important committees in most of the other Congresses 
 under the Confederation. He was not a member of the 
 Convention in Philadelphia in 1787, and he was opposed 
 to the Constitution of the United States because he 
 thought it would destroy the independence of the states. 
 But it was a noble patriotism that inspired him to accept 
 the position of Senator, and he introduced certain amend- 
 ments to the Constitution that seemed to remove much of 
 the threatened danger. 
 
 Meanwhile the House of Representatives had likewise 
 
 formed a quorum. Of the 59 members 17 were needed 1 
 besides the 13 present on the first day to make the required 
 quorum of 30. Let us look at these seventeen. 
 
 On the day after the opening Nicholas Gilman, pf New 
 Hampshire, Benjamin Goodhue, of Massachusetts, Roger 
 Sherman and Jonathan Sturges, of Connecticut, and 
 Henry Wynkoop, of Pennsylvania, made their appearance. 
 Gilraan had been in the old Congress the two previous 
 years and was only twenty-seven — the youngest member 
 present. Goodhue, a Harvard man of forty-one, repre- 
 sented the Essex District, and was afterward United 
 States Senator. Roger Sherman, of New Haven, began 
 life as a shoemaker, and was sixty-eight years old. He 
 was the only man who had signed the four great state 
 papers of his day— the Articles of Association of the Con- 
 gress of 1774, the Declaration of Independence, the Arti- 
 cles of Confederation, and the Constitution of the United 
 States. Wynkoop and Sturges, the latter a Yale man of 
 forty-nine, had both been in the old Congress. 
 
 On Saturday, March 14th, "three Virginians — James 
 Madison, John Page and Richard Bland Lee — took their 
 seats in the House. The most notable of them all — in 
 fact, the leader of the House — was James Madison, a 
 Princeton graduate of thirty-eight. The services he ren- 
 dered in the formation of the Constitution of the United 
 States can never be forgotten. Patrick Henry had kept 
 him out of the Senate, but he was of more value to the 
 country where he now was. A week after the organiza- 
 tion of the House he introduced a resolution regarding 
 the revenue, in order to rescue " the trade of the country 
 in some degree," he said, "from its present anarchy." 
 
 Following Madison came straggling into the House 
 through the remainder of the month other members in 
 the following order : Andrew Moore, of Virginia; Elias 
 Boudinot, of New Jersey; William Smith, of Maryland: 
 Josiah Parker, of Virginia; George Gale, of Maryland; The- 
 odoric Bland, of Virginia; James Schureman, of New Jer- 
 sey, and Thomas Scott of Pennsylvania. The most dis- 
 tinguished of them all was Elias Boudinot, forty-nine 
 years old, Commissary-General of the prisoners during 
 the Revolution, one of the presidents of the old Congress, 
 and widely known at the beginning of the present cen- 
 tury as a philanthropist and the President of the Ameri- 
 can Bible Society. 
 
 On Wednesday, the 1st of April, the House of Repre- 
 rcsentatives formed a quorum and immediately proceeded 
 to the transaction of business, the most important of 
 which was the counting of electoral votes for President 
 and Vice-President of the United States.* George Wash- 
 ington of Virginia was the unanimous choice for Presi- 
 dent, having received sixty-nine, or the total number of 
 votes cast. The next highest number, or thirty-four 
 votes, were cast for John Adams of Massachusetts, and 
 • April cth. 
 
AS PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 5 
 
 he was declared elected Vice-President of the United 
 States. 
 
 On Tuesday afternoon, April 7th — the day after the 
 counting of the votes — Sylvanus Bourne "set out in a 
 packet-boat, with a fair wind and a brisk gale, for Bos- 
 ton," bearing official notification of election to John 
 Adams and letters and dispatches to gentlemen and news- 
 papers in Massachusetts. Late Wednesday evening the 
 packet, under the command of Captain Fairbanks, ar- 
 rived at Warwick Neck, in Rhode Island ; and by travel- 
 ing overland the rest of the journey Sylvanus Bourne was 
 able to reach Braintree at six o'clock on Thursday even- 
 ing, making the journey from New York in fifty hours — 
 express time indeed one hundred years ago. The follow- 
 ing Monday morning, at ten o'clock, Mr. Adams started 
 for New York, not forgetting to take with him an elegant 
 suit of broadcloth, manufactured in Hartford, in which to 
 make his appearance as Vice-President of the United 
 States. A troop of horse came out from Boston to serve 
 as an escort, and in returning through Dorchester with 
 Mr. Adams the party was saluted with a "Federal dis- 
 charge" of artillery. On the arrival of the procession at 
 the fortification gates of Boston the bells began to ring, 
 and a large body of gentlemen on horseback met Mr. 
 Adams and accompanied him to the residence of Gov- 
 ernor Hancock, where a collation was served. Here 
 there was another discharge of artillery, and the citizens 
 "with loud huzzas" testified their appreciation of "the 
 great republican virtues" of John Adams. At half-past 
 one the Vice-President entered his carriage and continued 
 his journey under military escort. The procession was 
 indeed imposing, and included an advanced corps of uni- 
 formed horse, a hundred and fifty gentlemen on horse- 
 back, the Middlesex Horse, the Roxbury Blues, forty car- 
 riages containing the Governor, the French and Dutch 
 consuls, the President of Harvard College, and other gen- 
 tlemen of distinction. At Charlestown he was welcomed 
 with another "Federal discharge" of cannon, and in 
 passing through Cambridge, Watertown, Sudbury and 
 other towns he received proofs of the highest considera- 
 tion. Though a part of the procession that started at 
 Boston dropped off at Cambridge, and other parts at 
 points beyond, the military escort, with frequent changes, 
 accompanied Mr. Adams, under orders of the Governor, 
 through the Counties of Middlesex and Worcester. The 
 next day, Tuesday, April 14th, Mr. Adams passed through 
 Worcester, where he received the customary salute of 
 eleven guns and dined at the United States Arms. On 
 Wednesday he left Springfield behind him. and on Thurs- 
 day reached Hartford, where 4i an escort of the principal 
 gentlemen in town, the ringing of bells, and the attention 
 of the Mayor and Aldermen of the Corporation marked 
 the Federalism of the citizens and their high respect for 
 the distinguished patriot and statesman." At six o'clock 
 
 Friday morning President Stiles and the professors and 
 tutors of Yale College, the clergymen, and a large body of 
 the citizens of New Haven assembled at the State House 
 step9 and went up the Hartford road six miles to meet 
 Mr. Adams and escorted him into town amid the firing of 
 cannon and the ringing of bells. Though Mr. Adams tar- 
 ried but a short time in New Haven he was presented at 
 the City Tavern with the "diplomatic freedom" of the 
 city by Pierrepont Edwards, Esq., who, the previous day 
 at a meeting of citizens, had been especially commissioned 
 to prepare the diploma. The same escort accompanied 
 the Vice-President three miles out of New Haven. He 
 was attended by the Light Horse of Westchester County 
 from the Connecticut line to King's Bridge ; and here he 
 was met by more troops, many members of Congress, and 
 citizens in carriages and on horseback, who amid the fir- 
 ing of salutes escorted him to the house of Hon. John 
 Jay, at 52 Broadway, near the corner of Exchange Place, 
 where he arrived about four o'clock on the afternoon of 
 Monday, April 20th. But John Adams's permanent resi- 
 dence in New York was the celebrated mansion located 
 on Richmond Hill,* afterward the residence of Aaron 
 Burr at the time he killed Alexander Hamilton, and sub- 
 sequently bought by John Jacob Astor. The Mayor and 
 Corporation called to congratulate the Vice-President the 
 morning succeeding his arrival in town. He was next 
 waited upon by Caleb Strong of Massachusetts and Ralph 
 Izard of South Carolina, who, in behalf of the Senate, 
 escorted him to the Senate Chamber to take the oath of 
 office. " I was in New York," said John Randolph of 
 Virginia forty years afterward, " when John Adams took 
 his seat as Vice-President. I recollect I was a schoolboy 
 at the time, attending the lobby of Congress when I ought 
 to have been at school. I remember the manner iu which 
 my brother was spurned by the coachman of the then 
 Vice-President for coming too near the arms emblazoned 
 on the scutcheon of the vice-regal carriage." Senator 
 Langdon of New Hampshire, the president pro tempore of 
 the Senate, met the Vice-President on the floor of the Sen- 
 ate, and after congratulating him conducted him to the 
 chair, where the Vice-President delivered his inaugural 
 address. 
 
 Meanwhile Charles Thomson had been executing a 
 commission vastly more important than that performed 
 by Sylvanus Bourne. He proceeded to Mt. Vernon to 
 inform George Washington that he had been elected Pres- 
 ident of the United States. Washington started for New 
 York immediately. I" He had scarcely left his home before 
 he was met by his neighbors and friends of Alexandria, 
 who escorted him into town and gave him an early din- 
 ner at Mr. Wise's tavern. The thirteen toasts that were 
 drunk at the dinner seemed to tell the history of the 
 
 * Near Lispenard's Meadows, corner Varick and Van Dam Streets, 
 •t April 16th. 
 
THE INAUGURATION OF GEORGE WASHINGTON 
 
 G 
 
 times. " The King of France," "The Federal Constitu- 
 tion — may it be fairly tried," "The Memory of those 
 Martyrs who fell in Vindicating the Rights of America," 
 "American Manufacturers," "American Ladies — may 
 their manners accord with the spirit of the present Gov- 
 ernment," were a few of the sentiments expressed. 
 "Farewell," said the Mayor in behalf of the people of 
 Alexandria. "Go and make a grateful people happy — a 
 people who will be doubly grateful when they contem- 
 plate this recent sacrifice for their interests." Washing- 
 ton's emotions could with difficulty be concealed. "Un- 
 utterable sensations," said he in closing his reply, "must, 
 then, be left to more expressive silence, while from an 
 aching heart I bid you all, my affectionate friends and 
 kind neighbors, farewell." 
 
 From Alexandria to Georgetown the President was 
 attended by his neighbors and friends and even by chil- 
 dren — a company that did "more honor to a man" (so 
 reads a letter of the day from Georgetown) " than all the 
 triumphs that Home ever beheld ; and the person honored 
 is more illustrious than any monarch on the globe." The 
 gentlemen of Georgetown met "Washington on the banks 
 of the Potomac and accompanied him north until they 
 met the gentlemen from Baltimore. Some miles out of 
 Baltimore, the next day, a large body of citizens on horse- 
 back met the Presidential party, and "under a discharge 
 of cannon" Washington was conducted "through crowds 
 of admiring spectators" to Mr. Grant's tavern. At six 
 o'clock he received an address of welcome and was ac- 
 corded a public reception. Instead of a dinner, for which 
 it was impossible to arrange on such short notice, an invi- 
 tation to supper was accepted. . lie retired at a little after 
 ten o'clock, and at half-past five the next morning (Satur- 
 day*) he left Baltimore, as he had entered it, amid the 
 firing of artillery, After being conducted seven miles 
 north he alighted from his carriage and insisted that his 
 mounted escort should return home. 
 
 He was met on the borders of Delaware on Sunday by 
 a company from Wilmington, where, instead of illuminat- 
 ing the houses, as some wished, even if it was Sunday 
 evening, "the decoration of a vessel in the Delaware op- 
 posite to Market Street was substituted." Before leaving 
 Wilmington, the next morning, Washington received an 
 address from the Burgesses and Common Council of the 
 borough. Delaware saw its guest to the Pennsylvania 
 line. 
 
 Philadelphia had been preparing a royal welcome. 
 The State authorities had appropriated a thousand dol- 
 lars to defray the expenses of a military escort. Thomas 
 Mifflin, President of the Supreme Executive Council of 
 the State; Richard Peters, Speaker of the Legislature, 
 and the old City Troop of Horse of Philadelphia pro- 
 ceeded as far as the Delaware line. Other troops fol- 
 
 • April 18th. 
 
 lowed, and early Monday morning, when Washington was 
 met, he received the customary salutes and congratula- 
 tions, and was escorted i.i Chester, where all break- 
 fasted and rested two hours. On leaving Chester, Wash- 
 ington ordered his carriage to the rear of the line and 
 mounted a beautiful white horse. Charles Thomson and 
 Colonel Humphreys, also on horseback, were near him. 
 As the procession advanced it received large accessions, 
 including a body of Philadelphia citizens, at whose head 
 was the patriot and soldier, Gen. Arthur St. Clair, Gov- 
 ernor of the Northwest Territory. 
 
 At Gray's Ferry, on the Schuylkill, the point next 
 reached, the scene was indeed imposing. The most elab- 
 orate preparations had been made. Triumphal arches 
 decorated with laurel and other evergreens; on one side 
 eleven flags with the names of the eleven States that had 
 adopted the Constitution; other flags with mottoes like 
 "The Rising Empire," "The New Era," "Don't Tread 
 on Me!" "May Commerce Flourish"; boats in the river 
 gayly trimmed with flags ; the cheering of the assembled 
 thousands as the illustrious Washington came down the 
 hill, about noon, to the ferry — all made the scene a mem- 
 orable one. When Washington passed under one of the 
 arches a wreath of laurel was lowered upon his brow by 
 Angelica Peale, the young daughter of the artist of the 
 Revolution, Charles Willson Peale.* At least twenty thou- 
 sand people lined the road from Gray's Ferry to Philadel- 
 phia, and ever, -where the President w T as saluted with 
 "Long live George Washington!" "Long live the Father 
 of his People !" The procession swelled as he approached 
 the city. There were three regular discharges of thirteen 
 rounds each from the artillery. Salutes were also fired 
 from the beautifully decorated ship "Alliance" and a 
 Spanish merchantman moored in the river. As the proces- 
 sion moved down Market Street the bells of Christ Church 
 were rung. Amid unbounded joy Washington was con- 
 ducted to the historic City Tavern, on Second above Wal- 
 nut Street, where a banquet was given him. At the tavorn, 
 where were gathered, in 1774, the members of the first 
 Continental Congress, now came, besides distinguished 
 citizens, " all the clergy and respectable strangers in the 
 city" to honor the man they loved. "A band of music 
 played during the whole time of the dinner," says one of 
 the newspaper accounts. Three of the fourteen toasts 
 were to "His Most Christian Majesty, our great and 
 good Ally,"t " His Catholic Majesty," i. and "The United 
 Netherlands." Nearly every institution in the city pre- 
 sented Washington with an address before he left town, 
 at ten o'clock the next morning. 
 
 The city troops intended to escort him to Trenton ; 
 but as the morning was rainy, Washington insisted upon 
 
 * Related, in 1S5S, to Benson J. I.ossiug by Miss Peale's brother, 
 Keruorandt Peale. 
 
 t Louis XVI, King of France. i Charles IV, King of Spain. 
 
AS PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 7 
 
 declining that lienor, for he would not drive in his car- 
 riage while the troops on horseback were exposed to the 
 rain. The clouds, however, broke about noon, and at 
 two o'clock the party were taken across the Delaware 
 River at Co*vin's Ferry. At the Trenton landing he was 
 met by a distinguished party of citizens, a troop of horse, 
 and a company of infantry, and escorted amid the boom- 
 ing of cannon and the huzzas of the people into Trenton 
 village. Horses were provided for Washington and his 
 suite. A memorable sight greeted the procession at the 
 bridge at Assunpink Creek, over which Washington had 
 retreated during the Revolutionary War to fall on the 
 British forces at Princeton. A triumphal arch twenty 
 feet wide and supported by thirteen columns, all entwined 
 with evergreens, was raised over the bridge, upon which 
 waj inscribed, in large gilt letters: "The Defeuder of the 
 Mothers will also Protect their Daughters." 
 
 Over this inscription, on a square ornamented with 
 evergreens and flowers, were those historic dates, "De- 
 comber 23th, 1776 — January 2d, 1777," and on the summit 
 was a large sunflower designed to express the motto, 
 " To you alone." * The evening before the ball that had 
 just been given at Princeton, the ladies — among whom 
 was Mrs. Anriis Stockton, widow of one of the Signers of 
 the Declaaation of Independence and sister of Elias 
 Boudinot — had determined to greet in a beautiful and 
 affectionate manner President Washington. The ladies 
 stood at the end of the bridge which Washington first 
 approached, and in front of them were their daughters, in 
 white dresses decorated with leaves and chaplets of 
 flowers. Six of them held baskets of flowers in their 
 hands. When the President was near, the ladies sang the 
 following ode: 
 
 " Walcomj, mignty chief, once more ! 
 Welcome to this grateful ^hore ! 
 Now no mercenary foe 
 Aims again the fatal blow, 
 Aims at thee the fatal blow. 
 
 " Virgins fair and matrons grave, 
 Those thy conquering arms did save, 
 Build for thee triumphal bowers. 
 Strew, 3'e fair, his way with flowers, 
 Strew your hero's way with flowei$ I" 
 
 During the singing of the last two lines the ground in 
 front of the President was strewn with flowers by the 
 young ladies. Washington stopped his horse. The 
 scene was beautiful, and many were affected to tears. 
 
 Washington dined at Samuel Henry's City Tavern, in 
 Trenton, and drove to Princeton late in the afternoon, to 
 spend the night, it is supposed, with the President of the 
 college, the Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon, not forgetting 
 to write a note of thanks to the young ladies of Trenton. 
 
 At eleven o'clock on Wednesday moraine:, April 22d, 
 
 * This same arch was placed in front of the State House when 
 Lafayette, visited Trenton in 1S24, and part of the arch is still pre- 
 served. 
 
 Washington left Princeton under military escort and took 
 the old road to New Brunswick,* where he was met by the 
 war Governor, William Livingston,! who drove with him to 
 Woodbridge, where Wednesday night was passed. Thurs- 
 day, April 23d, was an eventful day to Washington. At 
 Bridgeton his military escort was augmented, and as he 
 approached Elizabethtown, betweeen eight and nine 
 o'clock in the morning, he received " a Federal salute 
 from the cannon" and stopped at the public-house of 
 Samuel Smith, where he received the congratulations of 
 the town and the Committee of Congress. Here he break- 
 fasted, and then waited upon the Congressional Com- 
 mittee at the residence of Elias Boudinot, chairman of 
 the Committee. From Dr. Boudinot's house he proceeded 
 to Elizabethtown Point under a large civic and military 
 escort, which included companies from Newark and 
 vicinity. At Elizabethtown Point Washington stepped 
 aboard a magnificent barge which had been made to con- 
 vey him up the bay to New York. The boat cost between 
 two hundred and three hundred pounds and was rowed 
 by thirteen masters of vessels dressed in white uniforms 
 and black caps ornamented with fringes. Commodore 
 James NicholsonJ was commander and Thomas Randall 
 acted as cockswain. In the President's barge and the six 
 others accompanying were the Congressional Committee, 
 John Langdon, Charles Carroll aud William Samuel John- 
 son of the Senate ; Elias Boudinot, Theodoric Bland, 
 Thomas T\xdor Tucker, Egbert Benson and John Law- 
 rence of the House ; Chancellor Livingston ; John Jay, 
 Secretary for Foreign Affairs; Samuel Osgood, Arthur 
 Lee, and Walter Livingston, Commissioners of the Treas- 
 ury ; General Henry Knox, Secretary of War ; Ebenezer 
 Hazard, Postmaster-General : Colonel Nicholas Fish, Ad- 
 jutant-Geceral of the forces of New York State ; Richard 
 Yarick, Recorder of the city, and other dignitaries. A 
 discharge of artillery was given on the embarkation of the 
 President at twelve o'clock. 
 
 As the barge drew up to Murray Wharf, near the 
 Coffee House, about three o'clock Thursday afternoon, 
 cannons were again fired, the bells of the city began to 
 ring and continued for half an hour. Washington was 
 dressed in a plain suit, consisting of a blue coat and buff 
 waistcoat and breeches. # 
 
 Miss Quincy, looking out of a window in a store on 
 the wharf, wrote: 
 
 '' Carpets were spread to the carriage prepared for him, but he 
 preferred walking through the crowded streets and was attended 
 by Governor Clinton and many officers and gentlemen. He fre- 
 quently bowed to the multitude and took off his hat to the ladies 
 at the windows, who waved their handkerchiefs, threw flowtrs 
 before him, and shod tears of joy and congratulations. The 
 
 * Washington had intended to spend Tuesday night at Trenton and 
 Wednesday night at New Brunswick. [Letter written by Washington 
 to Committee of Congress, dated Philadelphia, April 20th, 17S9.] 
 
 t Own cousin t j Chancellor Livingston. 
 
 i Father-in-law of Senator William Few, of Georgia. 
 
8 
 
 THE INAUGURATION Of GEORGE WASHINGTON 
 
 whole city was one scene of triumphal rejoicing. His name in 
 every form of decoration appeared on the fronts of the houses,* 
 and the streets through which he passed to the Governor's 
 mansion were ornamented with flags, silk banners of various 
 colors, wreaths of flowers, and branches of evergreens. Never 
 did any one enjoy such a triumph as Washington, who, indeed, 
 ' read his history in a nation's eyes.' " 
 
 The procession, headed by Colonel Morgan Lewis, con- 
 sisted of music, a troop of horse, artillery officers off duty, 
 the grenadiars that served as a guard of honor to the 
 President, the Governor and officers of the state, the Con- 
 gressional Committee, the Mayor and Corporation, the 
 clergy, the French and Spanish Ambassadors, and citi- 
 zens. The whole passed through Queen Street. t by Gov- 
 ernor Clinton's house at the foot of Cedar Street, and 
 stopped at the Franklin House, which had been fitted up 
 as a residence for Washington. J From seven till nine 
 o'clock in the evening, while Washington was dining with 
 a distinguished company at Governor Clinton's house, the 
 city was brilliantly illuminated. The day had indeed 
 been a glorious one. On all sides was heard the expres- 
 sion, " Well, he deserves it all!" and many who were in 
 the crowd said that "they should now die contented, 
 nothing being wanted to complete their happiness, pre- 
 vious to this auspicious period, but the sight cf the 
 Savior of his Country." § It had been " a day of extrava- 
 gant joy." 
 
 Of the 23d of April Washington wrote in his diary: 
 
 "The display of boats which attended and joined us on this 
 occasion, some with vocal and some with instrumental muaic on 
 board, the decorations of the ships, the roar of cannon, and the 
 
 * " God Bless your Reign,"' etc. 
 
 t Now Pearl Street— in 17S9 a mile and a half in length, and with 
 buildings from four to six stories high. It . was considered a remarka- 
 ble fact at that time, as the Rev. Manasseh Cutler wrote, that the 
 sides of Queen Street within the posts were " laid principally with free 
 stone, sufficiently wide for three persons to walk abreast." (Cutler's 
 "Life," Vol. I, p. 306.) 
 
 t This house was owned by Samuel Osgood, one of the Treasury 
 Commissioners, and was until 1S3B. when the building was taken 
 down, at the junction of Cherry and Pearl Streets on Franklin Square. 
 The Franklin House had been occupied by the President of the old 
 Congress, but had been fitted up by order of the new Congress for 
 Washington. For particulars regarding Osgood see " History of the 
 City of New York," by Mrs. Martha J. Lamb, Vol. II, p. 330. Wash- 
 ington occupie 1, iu 1790, a house on Broadway, near Bowling Green, 
 which had begn used bv the French Ambassador and was called the 
 McComb House, and subsequently the Mansion House and Bunker's 
 Hotel. 
 
 Washington's Diary, February 1st, 1790: "Agreed on Saturday last 
 to take Mr. McComb's house, lately occupied by the Minister of France, 
 for one year from and after the 1st of May next, and would go into it 
 immediately if Mr. Otto, the present possessor, could be accommo- 
 dated; and this day sent my secretary to examine the rooms to see 
 how my furniture could be adapted to the respective apartments.'" 
 
 Colonel John May's Journal, April 22d, 17>S : " Went to see a pile of 
 new buildings, nearly completed, belonging to a Mr. McComb, by far the 
 finest buildings my eyes ever beheld, and I believe they excel any on 
 the continent. In one of the entries I traveled up five nights of stairs 
 the rail continuous from top to bottom. I still left one flight unex- 
 plored." 
 
 5 "Gazette of the United states," April 25th. 
 
 loud acclamations of the people which rent the skies c» I walked 
 along the streets, filled my mind with sensations as pamfnl (con- 
 sidering the reverse of this scene, which may be the case after all 
 my labors to do good) as they are pleasing." 
 
 The long-expected day was now at hand. The cope- 
 stone was about to be placed on the structure the founda- 
 tions of which had been laid thirteen years before. It was 
 the 30th of April, 1780, and the first President of the Uni- 
 ted States wa3 to take the oath of fidelity to the new Con- 
 stitution. Crowds were pouring into New York " Fcr 
 nearly a fortnight," wrote Griswold, "the taverns and 
 boarding-houses in the city had been thronged with vis- 
 itors, and now every private house was filled with guests, 
 from all parts of the Union, assembled to witness the im- 
 posing ceremonial which was to complete the organization 
 of the Government. 1 We shall remain here, even if we 
 have to sleep in tents, as so many will have to do,' wrote 
 Miss Bertha- Ingersoll to Miss MeKeau : "Mr. Williamson 
 had promised to engage us rooms at Fraunces's,* but that 
 was jammed long ago, as was every other public house : 
 and now, while we were waiting at Mrs. Vandervoort's, in 
 Maiden Lane, till after dinner, two of our beaus are run- 
 ning about town determined to obtain the best places 
 for us to stay at which can be opened for love, money or 
 the most persuasive speeches.' " 
 
 With a discharge of artillery at sunrise, from old Fort 
 George, near Bowling Green, began the ceremonies of 
 the day. At nine the bells of the churches rang for half 
 an hour, and the congregations gathered in their respective 
 places of worship " to implore the blessings of Heaven 
 upon their new Government, its favor and protection to 
 the President, and success and acceptance to his Admin- 
 istration." The military were meanwhile preparing to 
 parade, and at twelve o'clock marched before the Presi- 
 dent's house on Cherry Street. A part of the procession 
 came direct from Federal Hall. Following Captain Stakes, 
 with his troop of horse, were the "assistants" — General 
 Samuel Blatchley Webb,f Colonel William S. Smith, 
 
 * Fraunces Tavern built in 1710. In this house was instituted, in 
 176S, the New York Chamber of Commerce, with John C'ruger as 
 president, and the same place was Washington's headquarters in 17S3. 
 Here, too, Washington bade farewell to his officers, December 4th, 
 17S3. The building is still standing at 101 Broad Street, corner of 
 Pearl Street. 
 
 t Aide-de-camp to Generals Putnam and Washington. Colonel Third 
 Connecticut Regiment, and one of the founders of the Society of the 
 Cincinnati. After the Revolutionary War Oeneral Webb settled iu 
 New York and lived at 23 Broadway, and "was a leader of fashion 
 and one of the most elegant men of the day." David S.Jones told 
 the late James Watson Webb that one of his " amusements asaboy 
 was regularly and daily to watch Gouverueur Morris and General 
 Samuel Webb make their appearance about midday from the fashion- 
 able barber-shop of this city, near Courtlandt Street, and with pow- 
 dered hair and hats in hand commeuce their daily walk on the fash- 
 ionable louuge which extended from Courtlandt Street to Morris 
 Street on the west side of Broadway, the front of old Trinity being 
 the point of attraction where the loungers most lingered." [Remin- 
 iscences of General Samuel B. Webb, by his son J. Watson Webb. 
 Private'y printed.] 
 
AS PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 ft 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Nicholas Fish,* Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Frank-, Major L'Enfunt, Major Leonard Bleecker, + and 
 Mr. Jolin R. Livingston. Following the assistants were 
 Egbert Benson, Fisher Ames, and Daniel Carroll, the Com- 
 mittee of the Hou3e of Representatives; Richard Henry 
 Lee, Ralph Izard, and Tristram Dalton, the Committee of 
 the Senate ; John Jay, General Henry Knox, Samuel Os- 
 good, Arthur Lee, Walter Livingston, the heads of the 
 three great departments ; and gentlemen in carriages and 
 citizens on foot. The full procession left the Presidential 
 mansion at half-past twelve o'clock and proceeded to Fed- 
 eral Hall via Queen Street, J Great Dock, and Broad Street. 
 Colonel Morgan Lewis, § as Grand Marshal, attended by 
 Majors Van Home and Jacob Morton as aides-de-camp, 
 led the way. Then followed the troop of horse ■ the 
 artillery ; the two companies of grenadiers ; a company of 
 iigat infantry and the battalion men ; a company in the 
 full uniform of Scotch IFghlanders, with the national 
 music of the bagpipe : the sheriff, Robert Boyd, on horse- 
 back; the Senate Committee; the President, in a state 
 coach drawn by four horses, and attended by the assist- 
 ants and civil officers; Colonel Humphreys and Tobias 
 Lear. || in the President's own carriage; the Committee of 
 the House; Mr. Jay, General Knox, Chancellor Livingston; 
 his Excellency the Count de Moustier, and his Excellency 
 Don Diegode Gardoqui, the French and Spanish Ambas- 
 sadors; other gentlemen of. distinction, and a multitude of 
 citizens. The two companies of grenadiers attracted 
 much attention. One, composed of the tallest young men 
 in ths city, were dressed " in blue with red facings and 
 gold-laced ornaments, cocked hats with white feathers, 
 with waistcoats and breeches and white gaiters, or spatter- 
 dashes, close buttoned from the shoe 10 the knee and cov- 
 ering the shoe-buckle. The second, or German company, 
 wore blue coats with yellow waistcoats and breeches, 
 black gaiters similar to those already described, and tow- 
 ering. caps, cone-shaped and faced with black bear skin. - ' 
 When the military, which amounted to "not more than 
 
 * He was Major of t!ie Second New York Regiment and brigade 
 inspector, and " possessed to a high degree the conlldence of Washing- 
 ton, Schuyler, Lafayette, and Hamilton, and with the army the char- 
 acter of an excellent disciplinarian and a gallant soldier."' (John 
 Schuyler's " The Society of the Cincinnati of New York," p. 202.) The 
 inscription on the tablet to his memory in St. Mark's Church, New- 
 York City, is : 
 
 "Nicholas Fish, 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of the Army of the American Revolution. 
 Born August 23th, 1T5S; Died June 20th, 1S33. 
 The Faithful Soldier of Christ and of his Country." 
 Colonel Fish was the father of Hon. Hamilton Fish. 
 
 t In battles of Long Island and Princeton, and at surrender of 
 Yorktown. 
 
 t Now Pearl Street. 
 
 } Born October 16th, 1754; died April 7th, 1644. A graduate of 
 Princeton, student in the law office of John Jay, Revolutionary pa- 
 triot, and afterwards Governor of New York. He was present at the 
 fiftieth anniversary of Washington's inauguration in 1S39, when the 
 oration was delivered by John Quincy Adams, and the ode, sung to 
 the tune of " Old Hundred," wa3 written by William Cullen Bryant. 
 
 S The President's private secretary. 
 
 five hundred men," and whose "appearance was quite 
 pretty," arrived within two hundred yards of Federal 
 Hall, at one o'clock, they were drawn up on each side, 
 and Washington and the assistants and the gentlemen es- 
 pecially invited passed through the lines and proceeded 
 to the Senate Chamber of the " Federal State House." 
 The building had been crowded since ten o'clock, and 
 when the Senate met at half-past eleven all was excite- 
 ment. The minutest details were considered matters of 
 gravest moment. In the most solemn manner John 
 Adams said : " Gentlemen. 1 wish for the direction of the 
 Senate. The President will, I suppose, address the Con- 
 gress. How shall I behave? How shall we receive it? 
 Shall it be standing or sitting.?" Then began a long dis- 
 cussion. Richard Henry Lee had been in the House of 
 Commons and in the House of Lords and before the King, 
 and the result of his information was that " the Lords sat 
 and the Commons stood on the delivery of the King's 
 speech." Then Ralph Izard, who bad also visited Par- 
 liament, made this " sagacious discovery, that the Com- 
 mons stood because they had no seats to sit, on being 
 arrived at the House of Lords." John Adams replied that 
 he had been in Parliament too; but " there was always 
 such a crowd and ladies along, he could not see how it 
 was." Then the Senate drifted off into a discussion as to 
 the manner of receiving the Clerk of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives, and during the discussion the Speaker and the 
 House arrived at the Senate doer. Confusion reigned. 
 Members left their seats. When Lee rose to speak again 
 he could not be heard. At last the lower House entered 
 the Senate Chamber, and there the two houses sat for an 
 hour and ten minutes. The delay was owing to the 
 Senate Committee, " Lee, Izard, and Dalton, who," said 
 Senator Maclay, ''had staid with us until the Speaker 
 came in, instead of going to attend the President." At 
 last the joint committee of the two houses, preceded by 
 their chairman, introduced Washington, who advanced 
 between the Senators and Representatives, bowing to 
 each. He was at once conducted to the chair by John 
 Adams. On the right were the Vice-President and the 
 Senate, and on Washington's left the Speaker and the 
 House of Representatives. The Vice-President then said 
 that "the Senate and House of Representatives cf the 
 United States were ready to attend him to take the oath 
 required by the Constitution, and that it would be admin- 
 istered by the Chancellor of the State of New York." 
 The President replied that he was ready to proceed, and 
 was immediately conducted to the open gallery in front 
 of the Senate Chamber, which looked out upon Broad 
 Street. 
 
 Miss Eliza Quincy wrote : 
 
 "I was on the roof of the first house in Broad Street, which 
 belonged to Captain Prince, the father of one of my school com- 
 panions, a;:d so near Washington that I could almost hear him 
 
10 
 
 THE INAUGURATION OF GEORGE WASHINGTON 
 
 Bpcak. The windows anil the roofs of the houses were crowded, 
 and in Ihe streets the throng was so dense that it seemed as if 
 one might literally walk on the heads of the people. The bal- 
 cony of the hall was in full view of this assembled multitude. In 
 the center of it was placed a table with a rich covering of red 
 velvet, and upon this, on a crimson velvet cushion, lay a large 
 and elegant Bible. This was all the paraphernalia for the august 
 scene. All eyes were fixed upon the balcony, where at the ap- 
 pointed hour Washington entered, accompanied by the Chancel- 
 lor of the State of New York, who was to administer the oath, 
 by John Adams, Vice-President, Governor Clinton, and many 
 other distinguished men. By the great body of the people he 
 had probably never been seen except as a military hero. The 
 first in war was now to be the first in peace. His entrance on 
 the balcony was announced by universal shouts of joy and wel- 
 come. His appearance was most solemn and dignified. Advanc- 
 ing to the front of the balcony, he laid his hand on his heart, 
 bowed several times, and then retired to an arm-chair near the 
 table. The populace appeared_ to understand that the scene had 
 overcome him, and were at once hushed in profound silence. 
 After a few moments Washington arose and c:.me forward. 
 Chancellor Livingston read the oath, according to the form pre- 
 scribed by the Constitution, and Washington repeated it, resting 
 his hand upon the table. Mr. Otis, the Secretary of the Senate, 
 then took the Bible and raised it to the lips of Washington, who 
 stooped and kissed the book. At this moment a signal was given 
 by raising a flag upon the cupola of the hall for a general dis- 
 charge of the artillery of the Battery. All the bells in the city 
 rang out a peal of joy, and the assembled multitude sent forth a 
 universal shout. The President again bowed to the people, and 
 then retired from a scene such as the proudest monarch never 
 enjoyed." 
 
 Besides Adams, Clinton, and Livingston, who stood 
 near Washington on the balcony, were Roger Sherman 
 and Richard Henry Lee, Generals Henry Knox and Arthur 
 St. Clair, Baron Steuben* and Samuel A. Otis, Secretary of 
 the Senate, and in the rear the Senators, Representatives, 
 and other distinguished officials. Alexander Hamilton 
 viewed the ceremony from his residence opposite, at the 
 corner of Wall and Broad Streets. 
 
 Washington was dressed in a full suit of dark brown 
 cloth manufactured in Hartford, with metal buttons with 
 an eagle on them, and " with a steel-hilted dress sword, 
 white silk stockings, and plain silver shoe-bucUes. His 
 hair was dressed and powdered in the. fashion of the day 
 and worn in a bag and solitaire. "f Chancellor Robert R. 
 Livingston, one of the committee of five to draft the 
 Declaration of Independence, thirteen years before, was 
 dressed in a full suit of black cloth and wore the robe of 
 office.:): Just before the oath was to be administered it 
 
 •President and one of the founders of the Society of the Cincinnati. 
 
 t Irving's "Life of Washington," Vol. IV, p. 474. Irvine told Dr. 
 Francis and Rufus W. Griswcld that he remembered, as a boy of six, 
 looking from the corner of New and Wall Streets upon the inaugura- 
 tion scene. (Griswold's " Republican Court," p. 142.) John Randolph, 
 of Virginia, then a boy of sixteen, was also present, and afterward 
 wrote, " I saw the coronation (such in fact it wa3) of General Wash- 
 ington, in 1789." See also Dunlap, " School History,'' Vol. II, p. '263. 
 Regarding the clothes of the President, the following is taken from 
 the New York Journal and Weekly Advertiser, of May Tth, 1TS0 : " The 
 President, on the day of his inauguration appeared dressed in a com- 
 plete suit of homespun clothes, but the cloth was of so fine a fabric 
 and so handsomely finished that it was universally mistaken for a for- 
 eign manufactured superline cloth.'' 
 
 tThe ancestor of the Livingstons in this country was John Liv- 
 ingston, a preacher of the Reformed Church of Scotland, who was 
 
 was discovered that no Bible was in Federal Hall. Luck- 
 ily Livingston, a Grand Master of Free Masons, knew 
 that there was one at St. John's Lodge, in the City Assem- 
 bly Rooms, near by,* and a messenger t was dispatched 
 to borrow the Bible, which is to-day the property of St. 
 John's Lodge No. 1, the third oldest Masonic lodge in the 
 United States.}. 
 
 banished in 1063 for nun-conformity with prelatlcal rule. He died at 
 Rotterdam in 1672. A son named Robert, emigrated from Holland, 
 settled in Albany in 1675, and became lord of Livingston Manor. A 
 grandson of the last named was Robert R. Livingston, a member of 
 the Stamp Act Congress in 1765. Robert R. Livingston's eldest son 
 was Chancellor Livingston, a graduate of King's (Columbia) College, 
 law partner of John Jay, under the Crown recorder of New York City, 
 delegate to Congress in 1776, Chancellor of the State of New York 
 from 1777 to 1801, Secretary of Foreign Affairs under the Confedera- 
 tion from 1781 to 17S3, Minister Plenipotentiary to France at the time 
 of tne cession of Louisiana by France to the United States in 1S03, and 
 the originator, with Fulton, of steam navigation, which resulted in the 
 launching of the " Clermont" on the Hudson in 1S07. Livingston was 
 called by Franklin "the CicerD of America." He died February 26th, 
 1S13. The two statues which the State of New York is entitled by Con- 
 gress to have in the Capitol at Washington are those of Governor 
 George Clinton and Chancellor Livingston. See " Biographical Sketch 
 of Robert R. Livingston," read before the New York Historical Society, 
 October 3d, 1876, by the President, Frederick De Peyster. 
 
 * Where the Bored Building now stands on Broadway. 
 
 t This messenger was Major Jacob Morton, the Grand Secretary of 
 the Masonic Fraternity of New York State, and also, as above stated, 
 aide-de-camp to the Grand Marshal, Colonel Morgan Lewis. [State- 
 ment of Colonel Ehlers, Grand Secretary of Masonic Fraternity, New 
 York State.] 
 
 t The Bible is bound in red morocco with gilt ornamentation and 
 edges and silver clasps, and is 11 inches high, 9 wide, and 3)4 thick. 
 On the obverse and reverse covers are two inscriptions very nearly 
 alike, the first of which is as follows : 
 
 GOD SHALL ESTABLISH 
 St. JOHNS LODGE CONSTITUTED 
 5757 
 
 REBUILT AND OPENED 
 NOVEMBER 23 5770. 
 OFFICERS THEN PRESIDING 
 JONATHAN HAMPTON M 
 WILLIAM BUTLER S W 
 ISAAC HERON J W 
 The Bible was published in London, by Mark Baskett, in 1767, and 
 contains a large picture of George II, beside.! being handsomely illus- 
 trated with biblical scenes. The pa^e of the Bible which Washington 
 kissed is also indicated by the leaf being turned down. A copper-plate 
 engraving, explanatory of the forty-ninth chapter of Genesis, is on 
 the opposite page. On one of the fly-leaves is the following descrip- 
 tion of what was done on April 3Jth, 17S0— written s > indistinctly that 
 it is almost impossible to photograph it : 
 
 On 
 Sacred 
 
 A picture 
 
 of 
 Stuart's 
 Washington. 
 
 This 
 Volume, 
 
 On the 3Cth day of April, A. M. 57S9, 
 In the City of New York, 
 was administered to 
 Geouge Washington, 
 The first President of the United States of America, 
 The Oath ! 
 
 To support the Constitution of the United States. 
 This important ceremony was 
 Performed by the most worshipful Grand Master of 
 Free and Accepted Mason?, 
 Of the State of New York, 
 The Honorable 
 Robert R. Livingston, 
 Chancellor of the State. 
 " Fame stretched her wings and with her trumpet blew 
 ' Great Washington is near— what praise is due ? 
 What title shall he have?' She paused— and said : 
 ' Not one— his name alone strikes every title dead.' " 
 
AS PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 11 
 
 Secretary Otis of the Senate held before him a red vel- 
 vet cushion, upon which rested the open Bible of St. 
 John's Lodge. "You do solemnly swear" said Living- 
 ston, " that you will faithfully execute the office of Presi- 
 dent of the United States, and will, to the best of your 
 ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of 
 the United States?" "I do solemnly swear," replied 
 Washington, "that I will faithfully execute the office of 
 President of the United States, and will, to the best of my 
 ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of 
 the United States." He then bowed his head and kissed 
 the sacred Book, and with the deepest feeling uttered the 
 words, "So help me God!" The Chancellor then pro- 
 claimed, "Long live George Washington, President of 
 the United States!"* The instant discharge of thirteen 
 cannon followed; and with loud repeated shouts and 
 huzzas the people cried: "God bless our Washington! 
 Long live our beloved President !" The President bowed 
 to the people, and the air again rang with acclamations. 
 Washington, followed by the company at the balcony, 
 now returned to the Senate Chamber, where he took his 
 seat and the Senators and Representatives their seats. 
 When Washington arose to speak all stood and listened 
 "with eager and marked attention." 
 
 * Captain Van Dyck was stationed in Broadway at the head of Wall 
 Street with orders to fire the salute as soon as the waving of the signal 
 nag from Federal Hall indicated that the oath had been administered. 
 At the fiftieth anniversary of Washington's inauguration Captain Van 
 Dyck was living, and gave the following account of the firing of the 
 salute to the editor of the New York Spectator, who said, in his issue of 
 April 30th, 1839 : 
 
 " Capuin Van Dyck still survives, and we had the pleasure of a call 
 from the veteran on Saturday. He is now in his eighty-fifth year, and 
 has been an officer in the Custom-house twenty-five years, the duties 
 of which he yet discharges. He mentioned to us that when Colonel 
 Lewis gave him the order for the salute he inquired, ' But who is to pay 
 for the glass I shall break?' ' I will,' replied the colonel. At the dis- 
 charge of every gun the captain says he could hear the jingle of the 
 glass from the shattered windows. At the corner of the streets (Broad- 
 way and Wall) was a silversmith's shop owned by a Mr. Forbes, hav- 
 ing large bow-windows. From these the panes jingled merrily. Mr. 
 Forbes ran into the street and implored the captain to desist firing, but. 
 of course, to no purpose. The captain gave him a rebuke which sent 
 him back to his shop. ' Who,' he demanded, ' would refuse a salvo of 
 artillery on such an occasion for a few paltry squares of window 
 glass?' and from that day afterward the captain says he heard no more 
 of the Droken glass." 
 
 It is interesting to know that twenty-one pounds of powder were 
 used in the salute above referred to, as is seen by the original of the 
 following paper, in the handwriting of Coi. Sebastian Bauman, which 
 is now owned by his great-grandson, Charles Bauman Marsh, of New 
 York: 
 
 " A return of powder expended since last return. 
 
 " 1T89. 
 
 " In the Governor's arrival from Albany 21 
 
 "On the arrival of Mr. Adams, Vice-President 21 
 
 " April 23d. On the arrival of General Washington m 
 
 "Issued to General Maliam by order of the Governor. I2i> 
 
 " April 30th. A salute on the installment of the President 21 
 
 '• May 27th. On the arrival of Mrs. W ishington 69 
 
 ".Inly 2d. Issued to General Maliam by order of the Governor. 100 
 "July 4th. A salute for the day 21 
 
 "A feudejoy 12J$ 
 
 " Sept. 28th. Expended in the review of the Kegiment of Artillery. Ts 
 " Oct. 11th 1 Firing two salutes by order of the Governor for trie 
 " Oct. 13th / French frigate, the ' Active ' 140 
 
 Lbs. 678'rf 
 
 "The contents of six barrels 600 
 
 " Balance due me Lbs. T8X 
 
 " S. Bauman, 
 " Commissary of Miiitary Stores. 
 
 " New York, Nov. 1st, 1789." 
 
 Said Senator Maclay, who heard the inaugural ad- 
 dress : * 
 
 " This great man was agitated and embarrassed more than 
 ever he was by the leveled cannon or pointed musket. He trem- 
 bled, and several times cou!d scarce make oui to read, though it 
 must be supposed he had often read it before. He made a flour- 
 ish with his right hand which left rather an ungainly impression. 
 I sincerely, for my part, wished all sot ceremony in the hands of 
 dancing-masters, and that this first of men had read off his ad- 
 dress in the plain manner, without ever taking his eyes from the 
 paper ; for I feel hurt that he was not first in everything." 
 
 Fisher Ames, who also heard Washington's address, 
 
 wrote : 
 
 " It was a very touching scene, and quite of the solemn kind. 
 His aspect grave, almost to sadness ; his modesty, actually shak- 
 ing ; his voice deep, a little tremulous, and so low as to call for 
 close attention — added to the series of objects presented to the 
 mind and, overwhelming it, produced emotions of the most af- 
 fecting kind upon the members. I, Pilgarlic, sat entranced. It 
 seemed to me an allegory in which virtue was personified as ad- 
 dressing those whom she would make her votaries. Her power 
 over the heart was never greater, and the illustration of her doc- 
 trine by her own example was never more perfect." 
 
 After delivering his address, the President, accompa- 
 nied by the Vice-President, the Speaker, the two Houses 
 of Congress, and all who attended the inauguration cere- 
 mony proceeded on foot to St. Paul's Church. The same 
 order was preserved as in the procession from the Presi- 
 dent's house to Federal Hall. The military "made a 
 good figure " as they lined the street near the church. 
 The services in the church were conducted by the Chap- 
 lain of the Senate, the Rt. Rev. Dr. Samuel Provoost, 
 Bishop of the Episcopal Church of New York. 
 Said Fisher Ames, in the letter already quoted: 
 '• I was present in the pew with the President, and must assure 
 you that, after making all deductions for the delusion of one's 
 f incy in regard to characters, I still think of him with more ven- 
 eration than for any other person. Time has made havoc upon 
 his face. That, and many other circumstaacjs not to be reasoned 
 about, conspired to keep up the awe I brought with me." 
 
 After prayers had been read and the " Te Deum" sung 
 Washington entered the state coach and was escorted 
 home. 
 
 That evening there was a gorgeous display of fire- 
 works, provided through private subscriptions. There 
 were illuminations of private residences and transpar- 
 encies in front of the theater on John Street, and at Fly 
 Market, at the foot of Maiden Lane. The ship "Caro- 
 lina" in the harbor, which at sunset had discharged thir- 
 teen cannon, formed a beautiful pyramid of stars. But 
 the largest crowds were gathered in the lower part of 
 Broadway, wh?re were the residences of Senator Izard, 
 Chancellor Livingston and the French and Spanish am- 
 bassadors. From Livingston's house the fireworks were 
 watched by Washington, who had driven there with Colo- 
 nel Humphreys and Secretary Lear. Colonel Sebastian 
 
 * Madison helped Washington prepare his inaugural speech, and 
 the reply to that speech by the House was also drawn by Madison. 
 (See Rives's " Life and Times of James Madison,"' anil Washington's 
 letter to Madison, dated May 5th, 1789.) 
 
12 
 
 THE INAUGURATION OF OEOROE WASHINGTON. 
 
 Bauman, who, as commander of the State Regiment of 
 Artillery, hud been busy through the day, superintended 
 the fireworks from Fort George, opposite Bowling Green. 
 With a flight of thirteen rockets and the discharge of 
 thirteen cannjn the fireworks began and ended. In the 
 two hours' interval was a display of fire-trees, tourbil- 
 lions, Chinese fountains of fire, crackers, serpents, paper- 
 shells, cascades, Italian candles and fire-letters in memory 
 of the day. But listen to Col. John May, whose letter to 
 his wife describes ths illuminations of the evening: 
 
 " The Spanish ambassador's house was illuminated so as to 
 represent Wisdom, Justice, Fortitude, Sun, Moon, Stars, Spanish 
 Arms, etc. The French ambassador also illuminated handsomely. 
 F deral Hall also presented a fine appoarance. The likeness of 
 our hero, illuminated, vvaa presented in the window of a house at 
 a little distance — the best likeness I have yet seen of him; so 
 much like him that one could hardly distinguish it from life ex- 
 cepting for the situation, over a beer-house, a place he never fre- 
 quents. The best thing of all was a picture of the United States, 
 the President at full length the central figure ; on his right, Jus- 
 tice ; over his head, Fortitude ; on his left, Wisdom. High over 
 his head were two female figures in gay colors and supporting on 
 their arms the American Eagle. The fireworks were brilliant and 
 greeted with tumultuous applause." 
 
 At ten o'clock Washington returned home on foot, 
 '* the throng cf people being so great as not to permit a 
 carriage to pass through it." 
 
 On the morning after the inauguration the President 
 received calls from Vice-President Adams, Governor Clin- 
 ton, John Jay, Gen. Henry Knox, Ebenezer Hazard, Sam- 
 uel Osgood, Arthur Lee, the French and Spanish ambas- 
 sadors, "and a great many other persons of distinction." 
 But Tuesday and Friday afternoons, between the hours of 
 two and three o'clock, were appointed by the President 
 for receiving formal visits. He discouraged complimen- 
 tary calls on other days, and particularly on Sunday. The 
 ball which it was intended to give on the evening of In- 
 auguration Day was postponed that the wife of the Presi- 
 dent might attend; but when it was learned that she 
 _ would not arrive in New York until the last of May it 
 was decided to give the ball on the evening of Thursday, 
 May 7th. It was a -brilliant assembly. Besides the 
 President, Vice-President, many members of Congress, 
 
 the Governor :>.nd the foreign ministers, there were pres- 
 ent Chancellor Livingston, John Jay, General Knox, Chief 
 Justice Yates of New York State, James Duane (the 
 Mayor), Baron Steuben, General Hamilton, Mrs. Lang- 
 don, Mrs. Peter Van Brugh Livingston, Mrs. Livingston 
 of Clermont, Mrs. Chancellor Livingston, Mrs. Gerry, Mrs. 
 Thomson, Mrs. Montgomery, Mrs. Edgar, Mrs. Beekman, 
 Mrs. Dalton, Mrs. McComb, Mrs. Lynch, the Marchioness 
 de Brehan,* Lady Stirling and her two daughters, Lady 
 Mary Watts and Lady Kitty Duer, Lady Temple, Madame 
 de la Forest, Mrs. Knox, Mrs. Houston, Mrs. Griffin, Mrs. 
 Provoost, the Misses Livingston and the Misses Bayard. 
 About three hundred were present. It is related that the 
 President, who had danced repeatedly while Commander- 
 in-Chief, danced in the cotillon and the minuet at this 
 ball. "The company retired about two o'clock, after 
 having spent a most agreeable evening. Joy, satisfac- 
 tion and vivacity were expressed in every countenance, 
 and every pleasure seemed to be heightened by the pres- 
 ence of a Washington." 
 
 Washington's correspondence at the beginning of his 
 presidency shows how strong was his conviction of duty, 
 and how great were the difficulties surrounding him. But 
 modesty, fidelity and patriotism were virtues too strong 
 to be resisted. The nobility of his character overcame all 
 obstacles. " The cares and labors of the President," said 
 Fisher Ames, "were incessant. His exhortations, exam- 
 ple and authority were employed to excite zeal and activ- 
 ity for the public service. Able officers were selected 
 only for their merits, and some of them remarkably dis- 
 tinguished themselves by their successful management of 
 the public business. Government was administered with 
 such integrity, without mystery, and in so prosperous a 
 course that it seemed to be wholly employed in acts of 
 beneficence. Though it has made many thousand mal- 
 contents, it has never by its rigor or injustice made one 
 man wretched." 
 
 * Sister of Count de Moustier, the French minister, who was now 
 living in the McComb house, on Broadway, where, the week follow- 
 ing (May 14th), a ball was given in honor of Washington. 
 
THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT GEORGE 
 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 Aftkr the Inauguration oath had been administered, the 
 President returned to the Senate Chamber and delivered to 
 both Houses of Congress the following speech : 
 
 "Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and of the House of 
 Representatives: 
 
 " Among the vicissitudes incident to life, no event could have 
 filled me with greater anxiety than that of which the notification 
 was transmitted by your order and received on the 14th day of the 
 present month. On the one hand, I was summoned by my coun- 
 try, whose voice I can never hear but with veneration and love, 
 from a retreat which I had chosen with the fondest predilection 
 and in my faltering hopes with an immutable decision, as the asy- 
 lum of my declining years — a retreat which was rendered more 
 necessary as well as more dear to me by the addition of habit, of 
 inclination and of frequent interruptions in health, to the gradual 
 waste committed on it by time. On the other hand, the magni- 
 tude and difficulty of the trust to which my country called me, 
 being sufficient to awaken in the wisest and most experienced of 
 our citizens a distrustful scrutiny in its qualifications, could not 
 but overwhelm me with despondency who, inheriting inferior 
 endowments from Nature and unpracticed in the duties of civil 
 administration, ought to be peculiarly conscious of his own de- 
 ficiencies. In this conflict of emotions all I dare aver is, that it 
 has been my faithful study to collect my duty from a just appreci- 
 ation of every circumstance by which it might be affected. All I 
 dare hope is, that if, in executing this task, I have been too much 
 swayed by a careful remembrance of former instances or by an 
 affectionate sensibility to this transcendent proof of the confidence 
 of my filial citizens, I have thence too little concealed my incapac- 
 ity as well as disinclination for the weighty and untried cares be- 
 fore me, my error will be palliated by motives which held me, and 
 its consequence be judged by my country with some share of par- 
 tiality in which they originated. 
 
 " Such being the impression under which I have, in obedience 
 to public demands, repaired to the present station, it will be pecu- 
 liarly improper to omit in this first official act our fervent suppli- 
 cations to that Almighty Being who rules over the universe, who 
 presides in the councils of nations and whose providential aid can 
 supply every human defect, that his benediction may be secured 
 to the liberties and happiness of the people of the United States — 
 a Government instituted by themselves for these essential purposes 
 —and may enable every instrument employed in this Administra- 
 tion to execute with success the functions allotted to his charge. 
 In tendering this homage to the great Author of every public and 
 private good, I assure myself that it expresses your sentiments not 
 less than my own, and all those of my fellow-citizens at large not 
 less than either. 
 
 " No people can be bound to acknowledge and adore the In- 
 visible Hand which conducts the affairs of men more than the 
 people of the United States. Every step by which they have ad- 
 vanced to the character cf an independent nation, seems to have 
 been distinguished by some token of providential agency ; and in 
 the important Kevolution just accomplished,, in the system of 
 united government, the tranquil deliberations and voluntary con- 
 sent of so many distinguished communities from which the event 
 has resulted, cannot be compared with the means by which most 
 governments have been established without some return of pious 
 
 gratitude along with an humble anticipation of the future bless- 
 ings which the past seems to presage. These reflections, arising 
 out of the present crisis, have formed themselves too strongly in 
 my mind to be suppressed. You will join with me, I trust, in 
 thinking that our Government is under an influence by which the 
 proceedings of a new and free government can more auspiciously 
 commence. 
 
 " By the article establishing the Executive Department, it is 
 made the duty of the President ' to recommend to your considera- 
 tion such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.' 
 The circumstances under which I now meet ycu will preclude me 
 from entering into that subject, further than to refer to the great 
 constitutional charter, under which you are assembled ; and 
 which, in defining your powers, designates the object to which 
 your attention is to be given. It will be more consistent with 
 those circumstances, and far more congenial with the feelings 
 which actuate me to substitute in place of a recommendation of 
 particular measures, the tribute that is due to the talents, the rec- 
 titude and patriotism which adorn the characters selected to ad- 
 vise and adopt them. In these honorable qualifications I behold 
 the surest pledges ; that is, on one side no local prejudice or at- 
 tachments ; no separate views nor party animosities will misdirect 
 the comprehensive and equal eye which ought to watch over this 
 great assemblage of communities and interests ; so long after, that 
 the foundation of our national policy will be laid in pure and im- 
 mutable principles of private morality ; and the permanence of 
 free government be exemplified by all attributes which can win 
 the affections of its citizens and command the respect of the 
 world. I dwell on this prospect with full satisfaction which an 
 ardent love for my country can inspire ; since there is no truth 
 more thoroughly established than that there exists in the economy 
 and course of Nature an indissoluble iinion between virtue and 
 happiness, between duty and advantage, between the genuine 
 maxims of an honest and magnanimous policy, and the solid re- 
 wards of public prosperity and felicity ; since we ought to be no 
 less persuaded that the propitious smiles of Heaven can never be 
 expected on a nation that disregards the eternal rules of order and 
 right, which Heaven itself has ordained; and since the preserva- 
 tion of the sacred fire of liberty and the chastening of the Repub- 
 lican model of government are justly considered as deeply, per- 
 haps as finally staked on the experiment intrusted to the hands of • 
 the American people. 
 
 " But if it is the ordinary objections submitted to your care, it 
 will remain to your judgment to decide how far an exercise of an 
 occasional power, delegated by the Fifth Article of the Constitu- 
 tion, is rendered expedient at the present juncture by the nature 
 of the objections which have been urged against the system, or by 
 the degree of neglect which has given birth to them. Instead of 
 undertaking particular recommendations on this subject in which 
 I could be guided by no lights derived from official opportunity, I 
 shall again give way to my entire confidence in your discernment, 
 and pursuit of the public good ; for I assure myself that while you 
 carefully avoid every altercation which might endanger the bene- 
 fits of a united and effective government, or which ought to await 
 the future lessons of experience and reverence for the character- 
 istic rights of free men and a regard for the public harmony will 
 sufficiently influence your deliberations on the question of hov* 
 far the former can be more impregnably fortified, or the latter be 
 safely and advantageously promoted. 
 
THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT GEORGE WASHINGTON. 
 
 14 
 
 " With the preceding observations I have one to add which will 
 be most properly addressed to the House of Repsesentativcs. And 
 as it concerns myself, will therefore tie as brief as possible. 
 When I was first honored with a call into the service of my coun- 
 try, then on »he eve of an arduous struggle for its liberties, the 
 light in which I contemplated my duty required that I should re- 
 nounce eTCry pecuniary compensation. From this resolution I 
 have in do instance departed. And being still under the impres- 
 sion which produced it I must decline as inapplicable to myself 
 any share in the personal emoluments which may be indispensably 
 included in a permanent provision of the Executive Department, 
 and must accordingly pray that the pecuniary estimates for the 
 station in which I am placed, may. during my continuance in it, 
 
 be limited to such actual expenditures as the public good may be 
 thought to require. 
 
 " Having thus imparted to you my sentiments as they have 
 been awakened by the occasion which brings us together, I shall 
 take my present leave ; but not without resorting once more to 
 the Benign Parent of the human race in humble supplication that 
 since ho has been pleased to favor the American people with op- 
 portunities for deliberating in perfect tranquillity, and disposition 
 for deciding with unparalleled unanimity on a form of government 
 for the security of their Union and the advancement of their hap- 
 piness, so his divine blessing may be equally conspicuous in the 
 enlarged views, the temperate consultations, and the wise meas- 
 ures on which the success of this nation must depend." 
 
THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL OF WASHINGTON'S INAU- 
 GURATION. 
 
 The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Inauguration of George 
 Washington, as President of the United States, was cele- 
 brated in New York on April 30th, 1839. The arrange- 
 ments for the celebration were made tinder the direction of 
 the New York Historical Society. The Committee of Ar- 
 rangements, appointed by the Society, invited John Quincy 
 Adams to deliver the oration, and in selecting the building 
 where the oration should be delivered, naturally turned to 
 St. Paul's Church. In a letter addressed by the Commit- 
 tee " to the Rector, Wardens and Vestrymen of Trinity 
 Church," it is stated that " it appears that on the day of 
 the Inauguration of General Washington the officers of 
 the Government, both Houses of Congress and the Foreign 
 Ministers went in procession to St. Paul's to hear divine 
 service and a discourse suitable to the occasion. In cele- 
 brating that event, after the lapse of fifty years, during 
 which the nation, under guidance of Presidents, has real- 
 ized beyond all expectation the joys anticipated from the 
 formation of our Government, the Committee are strongly 
 impressed with the propriety of assembling in the vener- 
 al le edifice, where half a century since our pious ancestors 
 invoked a divine blessing upon their solemn undertaking. 
 With that view the undersigned would respectfully ask 
 the use of the church on the 30th instant, for the perform- 
 ance of public service, and the delivery of the address by 
 the late President of the United States." The letter, dated 
 April 8th, 1839, was signed by the Chairman, John Blunt, 
 and by Samuel R. Betts, William B. Lawrence and Wil- 
 liam L. Campbell. 
 
 But the Vestry of Trinity Church declined the application 
 of the Committee of the New York Historical Society for the 
 use of St. Paul's chapel, and application was therefore 
 made to the Consistory of the Reformed Dutch Church, 
 for the use of the Middle Dutch Church in Cedar Street, 
 where the Mutual Life Insurance Company building now 
 stands, and the Consistory unanimously resolved to grant 
 the request of the New York Historical Society. 
 
 Many gentlemen of distinction throughout the country 
 were invited to attend the celebration, and among those 
 who accepted the invitation were Governor Ellsworth, of 
 Connecticut, Governor Pennington, of New Jersey, Chan- 
 cellor Walworth, Chief-Justice Taney, Associate-Justice 
 Storey, Col. John Trumbull and Jared Sparks. 
 
 Fifty years ago the 30th of April occurred on the same 
 
 day of the week. Tuesday, as it will during the present 
 year, 1889, and John Quincy Adams arrived in New York 
 on Monday, April 29th, the same day of the week and 
 month in which President Harrison is expected to arrive 
 in New York. 
 
 Peter Gerard Stuyvesant, the President of the New 
 York Historical Society, entertained President Adams and 
 a iarge number of the members of the Historical Society 
 at the Society Rooms, which were then in the Stuyvesant 
 Institute, situated at 659 Broadway. 
 
 On Tuesday. April 30th, at 11 o'clock, the members of 
 the Historical Society and invited guests assembled at the 
 City Hotel, at 115 Broadway, where the Boreel Building 
 now stands, and paid their respects to the distinguished 
 guests, the most illustrious of whom were the Revolution- 
 ary heroes and the venerable orator, ex-President John 
 Quincy Adams. 
 
 Among the other gentlemen of distinction present were 
 Col. John Trumbull; Gen. Morgan Lewis, Grand Marshal at 
 Washington's Inauguration in 1789; Mr. Justice Thompson, 
 of the Supreme Court of the United States; His Excellency, 
 William Pennington, Governor of New Jersey; Hon. Sam- 
 uel L. Southard, of the United States Senate; Maj.-Gen. 
 Winneld Scott, and suite, of the United States Army; Com. 
 Alexander Claxton, of the United States Navy; Hon. John 
 Davis, Judge of the United States District Court for Mas- 
 sachusetts; Baron de Roenne, late Charg d'Affaires for 
 Prussia; Hon. William A. Duer, President of Columbia 
 College; Albert Smith, Member of Congress from Maine; 
 Nathan Appleton, late Member of Congress from Boston; 
 William S. Hastings. Member of Congress from 3Iassachu- 
 setts: Daniel D. Barnard, Member of Congress from Al- 
 bany; Elisha Whittlesey, Member of Congress from Ohio; 
 John Howland, President of the Rhode Island Historical 
 Society; William Willis, of the Maine Historical Society, 
 and Jacob B. Moore, of the New Hampshire Historical So- 
 ciety. 
 
 At twelve o'clock the company proceeded to the Middle 
 Dutch Church, in Cedar Street. Tickets of admission to 
 the church were required. A temporary stage was erected 
 in front of the pulpit for the convenience of invited guests, 
 and on the stage was placed the same chair which George 
 Washington occupied at Federal Hall on the day of his 
 Inauguration. This very chair it is proposed to have 
 
16 
 
 THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL OF WASHINGTON'S INAUGURATION. 
 
 President Harrison occtipy during the Literary Exercises 
 on the steps of the Sub-Treasury on April 30th. Mr. 
 Adams sat in the chair used by Washington. On the right 
 sat Peter Gerard Stuyvcsant, tlic President of the New- 
 York Historical Society, and on the left, Philip Hone, one 
 of the Vice-Presidents of the Society. 
 
 The exercises were opened by prayer by the Rev. John 
 Knox, D.D., one of the Associate Pastors of the Dutch 
 Collegiate Church. The following Ode, written for the 
 occasion by William Cullen Bryant, was then sung by the 
 entire audience, to the tune of Old Hundred: 
 
 " Great were the hearts and strong the minds 
 Of thoso who framed in high debate 
 The immortal league of love that binds 
 Our fair broad empire state with state. 
 
 " And ever hallowed be the hour 
 
 When, as the auspicious task was done, 
 A nation's gift, the sword of power, 
 
 Was given to glory's unspoiled sen. • 
 
 " That noble race is gone ; the suns 
 Of fifty years have risen and set ; 
 The holy links those mighty ones 
 
 Had forged and kuit, are brighter yet. 
 
 *' Wide — as our - own free race increase — 
 Wide shall it stretch the elastic chain, 
 And bind, in everlasting peace, 
 State after state, a mighty train." 
 
 Mr. Adams occupied - about two hours in the delivery of 
 his oration, in the course of which he said: 
 
 " And on that day of which you now commemorate the Fiftieth 
 Anniversary, on that 30th day of April, 1789, was this mighty rev- 
 olution, not only in the affairs of our country, but in the princi- 
 ples of government over civilized man, accomplished. The Revo- 
 lution itself was the work of thirteen years — and had never been 
 completed until that day. The Declaration of Independence and 
 the Constitution of the United States are parts of one consistent 
 whole, founded upon one and the same theory of government." 
 
 The exercises were brought to a close by prayer and 
 benediction by the Rev. J. M. Wainwright, D.D., of Trin- 
 ity Church. 
 
 In response to a toast at the dinner in the evening, at- 
 tended by 300 guests, at the City Hotel, Mr. Adams in the 
 course of his remarks, in comparing the year 1839 with the 
 year 1789, said : 
 
 " Our days of enjoyment are better than theirs, but our days 
 of enjoyment are the fruits of their days of toil, of danger, of suf- 
 fering, of lofty and generous exertion ; and can I choose but be 
 reminded of them when I see at your side (Gen. Morgan Lewis 
 was seated next to the President), and at mine (Col. John Trum- 
 bull), relics of those trying times, conspicuous as actors in the 
 di-ama of those days, and still worthy representatives of them?" 
 
 Other toasts at the banquet were responded to by Ma- 
 
 jor-General Scott and President Duer, of Columbia Col- 
 
 lege. Gen. Morgan Lewis, the Marshal, as before stated, 
 on the 30th of April, 1789, and who had since filled many 
 important offices, including that of Governor of the State 
 of New York, was also called upon to respond to a toast, 
 a d in acknowledgment gave the following sentiment: 
 
 " Our Country — her progressive prosperity from the epoch we 
 this day celebrate, affords the best comment on her form of gov- 
 ernment and its general administration." 
 
 "William Willis, of Portland, a delegate from the Maine 
 Historical Society, in closing his speech proposed the fol- 
 lowing sentiment, referring to the celebration of the One 
 Hundredth Anniversary of the Inauguration of "Washing- 
 ton : 
 
 " The next Fifty Years' Jubilee of the New York Historical So- 
 ciety — May it find our National Banner continuing to float over 
 an undivided republic, and our motto still be, ' One country, one 
 constitution, one destiny.' " * 
 
 John Quincy Adams wrote as follows in his diary, re- 
 garding what he did in New York on April 30th, 1839 : 
 
 " At six this morning Charles came into my chamber from 
 Boston. The Rev. Dr. Francis Parkman and W. P. Lunt, Nathan 
 
 Appleton, Southworth, Dawes, and from Oberlin 
 
 Seminary, in Ohio, for subscriptions, recommendations and 
 books. At eleven a.m., meeting of the Historical Society at the 
 City Hotel. At noon, short procession to Middle Dutch Church, 
 corner of Nassau Street. Prayer by the pastor ; ode by the choir. 
 I delivered an address of two hours ; well received. Crowded 
 church. Mr. D. Duer, President of the Columbia College, accom- 
 panied me to my lodgings. I then went with him and Charles to 
 the College ; saw the library, and portraits of Presidents and Pro- 
 fessors. Return to my lodgings ; two hours repose. At five p.m., 
 dinner at the City Hotel of 300 persons — Judge Davis, Morgan 
 Lewis, Colonel Trumbull, Captain Gallagher, Samuel L. South- 
 ard, General Scott, President Duer, L. Hastings, N. Appleton and 
 many others. Speeches at the dinner. Left the hall eleven p.m." 
 
 A quotation from "The Jubilee of the Constitution," 
 a book which gives a full account of the Semi-Centennial 
 of Washington's Inauguration shows how April 30th, 1839, 
 ended : 
 
 " In the course of the evening, a fine transparency, represent- 
 ing old Federal Hall, formerly standing on the corner of Walland 
 Nassau Streets, the scene of Washington's Inauguration, was dis- 
 closed by the withdrawal of a curtain at the upper end of the hall, 
 and produced a brilliant effect. The figures of Washington and 
 Chancellor Livingston were seen in the balcony, the one laying 
 his hand upon the book, while the other administered the oath of 
 office in the presence of a vast concourse of people. The painting 
 was extremely well executed, and, taking the company by surprise, 
 drew forth long and loud applause. The hall was also decorated 
 with copies of Stuart's portraits of the first five Presidents of the 
 United States — copies painted by Stuart himself. The festivities 
 were continued to a late hour, and brought to a brilliant close the 
 commemoration of a day long to be remembered in the annals of 
 our country's happiness and prosperity." 
 
 * See "The Jubilee of the Constitution." 
 
THE CELEBRATION OF THE ONE HUNDREDTH ANNI- 
 VERSARY OF WASHINGTON'S INAUGURATION. 
 
 In April, of 1875, occurred the Centennial of the Battle 
 of Lexington. Afterward came the Bunker Hill celebra- 
 tion of June 17th, 1875, and the great celebration of the 
 Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia in 1876. 
 Since then have taken place the Yorktown Centennial cele- 
 bration, the Evacuation Day celebration, the celebration of 
 the formation of the Constitution of the United States, and 
 other similar centennial celebrations. The last of the cen- 
 tennials is the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Inaugu- 
 ration of George Washington as President of the United 
 States. The formation of the Constitution was the out- 
 growth of the Declaration of Independence; but the cap- 
 ping to the foundations that were laid in 177G occurred 
 thirteen years later, when the first President of the United 
 States was inaugurated. This historic ceremony was the 
 final sett.ng in motion the wheels of government. The 
 United States of America then became a reality in every 
 sense of the word. 
 
 It seemed fitting, therefore, that an event so august as 
 the inauguration of "Washington should be grandly cele- 
 brated, and a history of the origin and growth of the move- 
 ment to celebrate this last of the centennials cannot fail to 
 interest. 
 
 On the evening of March 4th, 1884, at a stated meeting 
 of the New York Historical Society, the following resolu- 
 tions were unanimously adopted: 
 
 "Resolved, That the New York Historical Society will cele- 
 brate the Centennial Anniversary of the Inauguration of George 
 Washington as President of the United States on the 30th day of 
 April, 1789. 
 
 "Resolved, That it be referred to the Executive Committee 
 to take such action as may be necessary and expedient, and in due 
 time report a plan to carry out the purpose of the Society in a 
 manner suitable to the occasion — the commemoration of the most 
 important event in the history of the City, the State and the 
 Nation." 
 
 To the New York Historical Society, therefore, belongs 
 the credit of initiating the Centennial as well as the Semi- 
 centennial celebration of Washington's Inauguration. 
 
 On February 4th, 1886, at the regular monthly meeting 
 of the Chamber of Commerce of New York, Nathaniel 
 Niles, a member of the Chamber, spoke as follows: 
 
 " Mr. President, it is generally known that on the 30th day of 
 April, 1789, in the city of New York, the first Congress of the 
 United States under the Constitution was held, and the first Presi- 
 dent was inaugurated. It was the birthday of the Government of 
 the United States. The 30th day of April, 1889, will be the cen- 
 tennial anniversary of those events and all their noble surround- 
 ings. It would seem fit that the day should be properly celebrated. 
 I therefore beg to offer the following resolution : 
 
 " Whereas, The 30th day of April, 1889, will De the Centennial 
 
 Anniversary of the organization of the Constitutional Government 
 of the United States, of the first meeting of Congress, and of the 
 Inauguration of General Washington in the city of New York, 
 therefore, 
 
 "Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed by the 
 Chair to consider and report what action, if any, should be taken 
 toward securing a proper celebration of the clay and of the great 
 events immediately surrounding it." 
 
 The following committee, in accordance with the above 
 resolution, was appointed: 
 
 Nathaniel Niles, Daniel C. Robbins, 
 
 Charles S. Smith, Riciiap.d A. McCl*kdy, 
 
 William H. Roberts. 
 
 In the records of the Chamber of Commerce of the 
 meeting of the Chamber for April 1st. 1886, the following 
 entry appears : 
 
 " Mr. Nathaniel Niles, Chairman ol the Special Committee ap- 
 pointed on the 4th of February last to consider and report what 
 action, if Any, should be taken by the Chamber toward securing a 
 proper celebration of the Centennial Anniversary of the organiza- 
 tion in this city of the Constitutional Government of the United 
 States and the Inauguration of Washington as first President, 
 submitted the following report : 
 
 "To the Chamber of Commerce: — Your Committee, ap- 
 pointed on February 4th to consider and report what action, if 
 any, should be taken toward securing a proper celebration of the 
 Centennial Anniversary of the organization of the Constitutional 
 Government of the United States, of the first meeting of Congress 
 and of the Inauguration of General Washington as the first Presi- 
 dent, in this city, which will occur on the 30th day of April, 1889, 
 respectfully report that they have carefully considered the subject, 
 and beg to offer the following preamble and resolution : 
 
 " Whereas, The Centennial Anniversary of the organization 
 of the Constitutional Government of the United States, of the first 
 meeting of Congress and of the Inauguration of General Wash- 
 ington as President of the United States, in the City of New 
 l'ork, will occur on the 30th day of April, 1889, and 
 
 Whereas, It is proper that the anniversary of these great 
 national events should be properly observed, therefore 
 
 " Resolved, That a Committee be appointed by this Chamber 
 to prepare a bill to be presented to Congress for the purpose of se- 
 curing the following objects : 
 
 " 1. That the day referred to shall be made for the purpose of 
 this celebration, to wit, the 30th day of April, 1889, a national hol- 
 iday. 
 
 " 2. That Congress shall be asked to make a suitable appropri- 
 ation for the purpose of carrying into effect the proposed celebra- 
 tion, and that the President be authorized to invite foreign powers 
 to send representatives as guests of the nation. 
 
 " 3. That the Committee be requested to bring the matter to 
 the attention of the Governor of this State, and that the Legisla- 
 ture be also requested to make an appropriation to carry the same 
 into effect. 
 
 "4. That the Committee be formally requested to invite the 
 co-operation of the Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of the City 
 of New York. 
 
 "5. That an invitation be extended to the Governors of the 
 various states and territories of the Union to send delegations to 
 
13 
 
 HISTORY OF THE MOVEMENT TO CELEBRATE THE ONE HUNDREDTH 
 
 take part la the proposed celebration, and otherwise aid the same 
 as may bo deemed by them expedient and proper. 
 
 " Signed Nathaniel Niles, 
 
 Chakles Smith, 
 Daniel C. Robbins, 
 Richard A. McCurdy, 
 William II. Roberts. 
 " New York, March 23d, 188G. Special Committee. 
 
 " On motion of Mr. James S. T. Stranahan, the report was ac- 
 cepted, and the resolution unanimously adopted." 
 
 At a meeting of the Chamber of Commerce oil May 6th, 
 1886, the President named the following gentlemen as a 
 Special Committee on the Celebration of the Centennial 
 Auniversary of the organization in this ity of the Consti- 
 tutional Government of the United States, and the Iua 'gu- 
 ration of Washington as the first President : 
 
 Levi P. Morton, William H. Robertson, 
 
 Samuel D. Bibcock, Jackson S. - chultz, 
 Nathaniel Niles, Enoch L. Fancher, 
 
 HlCIIARD A. McC'URDY, GuSTAV SCHWAB, 
 
 Daniel C. Robbixs, John Sloan, 
 Franklin Edson, Leg hand B. Cannon, 
 
 Chaunc iy M. Dep w, Orlando B. Potter, 
 Hen y IIentz, Co cnelics N. Bliss, 
 
 A. F ster Higgins, William E. Dodge, 
 Francis B. Thttbbe - ?, William B. Dinsmore, 
 Benjamin G. Arnold, Erastus Wiman. 
 Jonx H. Inman, Charles Waltkocs, 
 
 Vernon H. Brown. 
 James M. Brown, the President of the Cnamber, was 
 made Chai man of the Committee. 
 
 The action of the Chamber of Commerce was confined 
 to the reports above indicated. The Committee once or 
 twice made a formal report of progress. But when the 
 movement to celebrate the Centennial of Washington's In- 
 auguration had faken form under outside auspices, it was 
 thought b st by the Chamber to relinquish all attempts at 
 a s?parate celebration. The Committ e of the Chamber of 
 Commerce was subsequently merged ii the Committee of 
 Citizens. 
 
 To Col. Jesse E. Peyton, of HaddonSeld, N. J., is due 
 the credit of initia ing the movement whereby th ; C :m- 
 mittee of Citizens of New York was organized to make 
 preparations for the celebration. Colonel P.yton pr spared 
 resolutions which were introdue 1 in the L gislature of the 
 S ate of Tenn ssee, in 1883.* 
 
 ■ The bill regarding tlie Centennial of Wa-hington's Inauguration 
 ■wa > signed by Wm. B. Bates, Governor of the state of Tennessee on 
 March 19th, 1893, anil is as follows : 
 
 " State of Tennessee, 1 
 Forty-third General Assembly. > 
 House Joint Resolution, No. IBl.j 
 
 "Joint Resolutions by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
 the State of Tennessee, to encourage an appropriate Anniversary Cele- 
 bration of the Inauguration of President Washington, the first Presi- 
 dent elected under the Constitution of the United states, to be neld in 
 the City of New Yorx, in 18S9. 
 
 "Whereas, The Inauguration of General George Washington, in 
 the City of New York, a.d. 1TS9, and the establishment of Constitu- 
 tional Government, through which Government we have held for a 
 
 In the fall of 1387 Colonel Peyton visited >ew York 
 and confe red wi h the late Algernon S. Sullivan re- 
 garding the desi ability of celebrating in 1889 the Inaugu- 
 ration of 1789. As the result of such conferences Colonel 
 Peyton drew up a call for a meeting of the citizens of New 
 York, and obtained numerous signatures thereto. The 
 following is the call, including the list of signatures: 
 
 " New York, Oct. 10th, 1887. 
 
 " Through the press, and by the action of prominent public 
 societies, it is understood that a general d sire exists to celebrate 
 in New York in the year 1883 the Centennial of the Inauguration 
 of the United States Government. 
 
 " That event took place April 30th. 1789, when the First Con- 
 gress was in session in this city, and wh n Washington took the 
 oath of office as first President. 
 
 " The Legislature of the State of Tennessee has recently passed 
 joint resolutions recommending that arrangements bo made for 
 such a celebration, in which the people of all the states and terri- 
 tories of the American Union shall take part, and also requesting 
 the Governor of Tennessee to communicate the resolutions to the 
 President of the United States and to the Governors of all the 
 stat s and territories, to the end that the celebration shall be na- 
 tional. 
 
 " If the celebration is to be of character and proportions 
 worthy its subject and worthy of New York, it would seem that no 
 time is to be lost m organizing here the necessary agencies and 
 plans among our citizens. 
 
 " The undersigned, therefore, who are in sympathy with the 
 proposed celebration, will meet other citizens at such time as shall 
 bo designated, to consider the /natter and take such action in the 
 premises as may be deemed suitable : 
 
 Algernon S. Sullivan, 
 James C. Spencer, 
 B. II. Bristow, 
 Elbridge T. Gerry, 
 Wilson G. Hunt, 
 
 K. W. Cannon, 
 James D. Smith, 
 Geo. H. Potts, 
 William Down, 
 D. A. Heald, 
 
 century, treaty and commercial relations with the people of ail nitions 
 and governments, and through which the States have generally enjoyed 
 the rights reserved, and those ce led to the Federal Government and 
 which are now unmirred by sentiment or section, 
 
 "Rtso'.ved, That we reommen 1 that preliminary arrangements be 
 made for celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of the most im- 
 portant event that has ever occurred with the American people, in the 
 City of New York, by the holding of a National and International Ex- 
 hibition of Science, Art, Industry, Manufactures, Agricultural, Mineral 
 and all other resources developed and undeveloped of our country, evi- 
 dencing intelligent progress made under c institutional government by 
 the people of the United States within the first century. 
 
 " Resoived, That the assembling of the people of the States and Ter- 
 ritories of the American Union and of all nations, affords a means of 
 education not otherwise attainable. 
 
 '• Resolved, That we commend th2 impirtance of the subject to His 
 Excellency, the President of the United states, and request that he call 
 the attention of Congress to it in his next annual message. 
 
 " Resolved, That we commend the subject to the people of the State of 
 Tennessee, and earnestly urge that they give it timely and important 
 consideration, that they may be prepared to show to the capitalists of 
 the world evidences of the advantages of climate, agricultural, manu- 
 factories, mineral and other resources of the State. 
 
 " Resolved, That His Excelleucy, the Governor of the Common- 
 wealth be, and is hereby requeste 1 to forward a printed copy of this 
 preamble and resolution to His Excellency, the President of the United 
 States, and to the Governors of the States and Territories. 
 
 "Adopted March 13th, 1888. 
 
 " \V. L. I.EWiERWOOn, 
 
 "Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
 " B. F. Alexander, 
 
 " Speaker of the Senate. 
 
 " Approved March 19th, 18S3. 
 " Wm B. Bate, 
 
 " Governor." 
 
ANNIVERSARY OF WASHINGTON'S INAUGURATION. 
 
 1& 
 
 Chas. Geo. Wilson, 
 Joseph H. Choate, 
 
 F. R. Coudert, 
 Jno. Jay Knox, 
 Henry Hall, 
 Geo. W. McLean, 
 C. N. Jordan, 
 
 O. D. Baldwin, 
 Richard W. Gilder, 
 Henry E. Russell, 
 Sargent & Co., 
 A. C. Cheney, 
 Donald Mackay, 
 Edward Schell, 
 Brayton Ives, 
 
 G. G. Williams, 
 Wm. P. Clyde, 
 A. D. Shepard, 
 John S. Kennedy, 
 Richard Kino, 
 
 Wm. H. Tillinghast, 
 Robert Olyphant, 
 J. Pierrepont Morgan, 
 Thos. C. Acton, 
 
 C. W. Starkey, 
 F. P. Olcott, 
 Edwards Pierrepont, 
 Wm. Allen Butler, 
 Chas. M. Fry, 
 
 John A. Stewart, 
 J. D. Vermtlye, 
 F. D. Tappen, 
 Horace Porter, 
 Levi P. Morton, 
 
 D. Huntington, 
 Chauncey M. Depew, 
 J. J. Astor, 
 Edward S. J affray, 
 Wm. H. Appleton, 
 John Clafflin, 
 Lawrence & Co., 
 Alfred Ray, 
 Walter H. Lewis, 
 Wm. C. Langley, 
 
 A. D. Juilliard, 
 W. L. Strong, 
 Tefft, Weller & Co., 
 Sweetser, Pembrook & Co. 
 John F. Plummer, 
 
 H. R. Bishop, 
 D. O. Mills, 
 ,S. V. White, 
 
 Van Rexssel 
 
 J 
 
 Henry A. Oakley, 
 
 B. S. Walcott, 
 David Adee, 
 Jno. H. Washburn, 
 Chas. Lanier, 
 J. A. Bostwick, 
 Norvin Green. 
 Richard A. McCurdy, 
 Tiffany & Co., 
 Cornelius N. Bliss, 
 Gorham Mfg. Co., 
 By Edward Holbbook, 
 The Singer Mfg. Co.,) 
 
 F. G. Bourne, Sec, > 
 Meriden Britannia Co. 
 Jno. G. Bacon, M'g'r. 
 Wm. Woodward, Jr.. 
 
 C. J. Canda, 
 A. E. Bateman, 
 Joseph W. Harper, 
 Daniel Manning, 
 Samuel D. Babcock, 
 Wm. T. Dixon, 
 W. E. Dodge, 
 Edw. Cooper, 
 
 American Bank Note Co.,^ 
 By J. Macdonough, Pres.,) 
 Samuel Carpenter, 
 Elliott F. Shepard, 
 Thos. L. James, 
 Jno. H.'Flagg, 
 L. J. N. Stark, 
 William Jay, 
 George F. Baker, 
 Franklin Edson, 
 Gustav Schwab, 
 James F. Wenman, 
 
 D. F. Appleton, 
 John Newton, 
 C. H. De Lamater, 
 
 G. H. Robinson, 
 Geo. S. Coe, 
 Logan C. Murray, 
 James Swanx, 
 A. R. Whitney, 
 W. Rockhill Potts, 
 
 H. W. Webb, 
 J. H. Van Antwerp, 
 John King, 
 roscoe conkling, 
 Henry Villard, 
 W. H. Starbuck, 
 
 aer Kennedy. 
 
 BROOKLYN. 
 
 Richard S. Storrs, 
 Henry E. Pierrepont, 
 Ripley Ropes, 
 John W. Hunter, 
 Gordon L. Ford, 
 A. A. Low, 
 
 A. E. Orr, 
 Chas. A. Townsend, 
 Henry W. Maxwell, 
 H. C. Duval, 
 Richard Major. 
 Jos. F. Knapp." 
 
 In accordance with the above call a meeting of the citi- 
 zens of New York who favored the p-oposed Centennial 
 •Celebration was held at the Fifth Avenue Hotel on the 
 ■evening of November 10th, 1887. Among those present 
 were : 
 
 Al'ernon S. Sullivan, 
 John Jay Knox, 
 O. D. Baldwin, 
 
 R'.chahd Watson Gilder, 
 Logan C. Murk at, 
 Elliott F. Shepard, 
 Orlando B. Potter. 
 C. J. Canda, 
 Gordon L. Ford, 
 
 Abram S. Hewitt, 
 James C. Spencer, 
 ■James C. Carter, 
 
 Alfred C. Cheney. 
 ^N athaniel Niles, 
 John A. King, 
 Edward Holbrook 
 James McKeen, 
 Col. Jes e E. Peyton. 
 Clarence W. Bowen. 
 Hampton L. Carson, Secretary of the Constitutional 
 Centennial Commission, was a so by invitation present. 
 
 Mayor Abram S. Hewitt, on being elected Chairman, 
 spoke of the purposes for which the gentlemen present had 
 gathered, alluded to the cha-acter and influe ce of Wash- 
 ington, and hoped that the Ceitennia' Anniversary of 
 Washington'? Inauguration as President of the United 
 States wouk« be nationa' in scope and based upon the 
 loftiest ideas and most patriotic principles. Ths speech of 
 Mayor Hewitt is given in full below : 
 
 " We have been living in a sort of Centennial era for the last 
 fourteen or fifteen years, and have celebrated a great many events 
 in that time of more or less consequence ; but I suppose that ev- 
 erybody will agree that the celebration in 1S76 of the Declaration 
 of Independence was an eminently proper subject for the people 
 of the United States not only themselves to rejoice over, but for 
 all the world to feel an interest in, and hence that celebration was 
 very properly an international one. It was inaugurated on an in- 
 vitation addressed to all the nations of the world on the part of 
 the Government of the United States, to come and rejoice with us 
 that, a hundred years before, they, with the single exception of the 
 mother-country, had admitted us into the great circle of nations. 
 But you know the Declaration of Independence did not create this 
 nation ; that the struggle which followed it made thirteen free and 
 independent states, literally independent of each other; that the 
 nation did not exist. The nation was born later. Its birthday 
 occurred in this city when George Washington, or the 30th of 
 April, 1789, in Wall Street, where his statue now stands, took the 
 oath of office as the first President of the United States. The cel- 
 ebration which ocjurred in Philadelphia several months ago was 
 the Anniversary of the signing of the Constitution of the United 
 States. That was a celebration very properly made in Philadel- 
 phia, as the place where the Constitution was framed, and was the 
 work of the thirteen original states which formed that Constitu- 
 tion. It was not a national celebration. It ought not to have 
 been a national celebration, because, as I said before, the nation 
 in 1787 did not exist. Now we come to the event which really pro- 
 duced the nation. I know that various constructions of the Con- 
 stitution were debated for nearly a whole century, certainly for 
 three-quarters of a century, in which if was contended that a na- 
 tion had not been born; but it is quite certain that there is no 
 question on that subject now, and nobody will deny that now we 
 have a nation known as the United States of America. The cele- 
 bration, therefore, that we shall make of that event, ought not to 
 be local ; it ought not to be confined to the thirteen original states; 
 it ought not to be international, because the international re- 
 lations of this country were celebrated in 1876 ; but it ought to be 
 national, taking in every State in this Union, taking in the Gov- 
 ernment of the United States, taking in especially the State of 
 New York and the City of New York, which had the honor of giv- 
 ing birth to the nation. 
 
 " The State of New York is peculiarly interested in this matter, 
 because to it belongs the honor of having initiated the movement 
 so tar as any general state action was concerned. In 1781 a reso- 
 lution was adopted by the State of New York, when George Clin- 
 ton was still Governor, and communicated to Congress and to all 
 the other States of the Union, asldng for a convention in order to 
 revise the Articles of Confederation and to produce a union which 
 would be durable and advantageous to the whole country. It waa 
 
20 
 
 HISTORY OF THE MOVEMENT TO CELEBRATE THE ONE HUNDREDTH 
 
 upon that action that a convention was finally held. Therefore, 
 if for no other reason, our state, which originated this movement, 
 and whose patriotic citizens, Clinton, Hamilton, Jay and Morris, 
 had borne the burdens in this state, and participated in all the 
 great struggles of tho Revolution, should appropriately celebrate 
 this important event. We owe to them and to their memory the 
 fact that the State of New York should exercise its prerogative of 
 celebrating this event. 
 
 " As long ago as 1882 or 1883 a movement was made oii the 
 part of patriotic citizens of this city, to hold, in the year 1889, a 
 great international celebration. It was a mistake, unquestiona- 
 bly, that the international idea entered into it. But these gentle- 
 men conceived and elaborated a plan of action, and a commission 
 or committee was appointed, comprised of citizens who were able 
 abundantly to give success to the movement. I am sorry to say 
 that other persons, supposing that they could manage this matter 
 better, or secure glory accruing from it, interposed, and got the 
 charter which had been introduced amended in such a way that it 
 was unacceptable, and it fell to the ground. Last year the Cham- 
 ber of Commerce adopted resolutions urging the propriety of this 
 celebration, and these resolutions were sent to me as a Member of 
 Congress, and I introduced them in the House, and accompanied 
 the resolutions of the Chamber with a joint resolution of Congress 
 providing for the appointment of a committee of both Houses, to 
 co-operate with the citizens of New York in making such a cele- 
 bration as would be worthy of the event and creditable to the 
 country. That resolution did not pass, principally, I think, be- 
 cause circumstances compelled mo to resign my place, and there 
 was nobody to give attention to it. 
 
 " The last Congress went out of existence on the 4th of March, 
 and tho new Congress will couvene on the first Monday in Decem- 
 ber next. The resolutions will be renewed, as I understand, in a 
 form which, Ihope, will secure the co-oneration of the Federal Gov- 
 ernment. The General Committee of Congress, dealing with the 
 question, will elaborate some proper form of celebration in connec- 
 tion with the Chamber of Commerce and other associations who 
 will desire to take part in this Centennial celebration. I am glad, 
 for one, that the movement has commended itself to a voluntary as- 
 sembly of citizens in tills city, who so manifest to the public their 
 profound interest in this matter and their sense that the cslebra- 
 tion should be one worthy of the city, state and country, and of 
 the position the United States has assumed in the affairs of the 
 world. 
 
 " As I say, the especial form of the celebration is a matter here- 
 after open to discussion. But there is one thing about it that I 
 think will assume an importance so great and so interesting that I 
 cannot forbear alluding to it now. We are accustomed to regard 
 George Washington as the man who carried us safely through the 
 Revolution. He is more apt, I think, to be thought of as a great 
 leader and soldier who accommodated himself to civil life after- 
 ward. I think that the rising generation in this country is not 
 made as familiar with the true character of Washington as it 
 ought to be. And, curiously enough, this appeared in the celebra- 
 tion we had here when the statue in Wall Street was inaugurated, 
 and in Washington when the completion of the great shaft was 
 celebrated by orations of wonderful eloquence and power. I need 
 not refer to the oration of Mr. Winthrop in Washington as one of 
 the gems of American oratory, or to that of Senator Daniel, of the 
 fervor and eloquence of which the South seems to have a prior 
 lien in this country ; and yet hearing them all, as I did, I felt that 
 somehow or other the true character of Washington had, in one 
 respect, escaped the magic touch of these great orators. 
 
 " There are those we meet every day whose ancestors have seen 
 and spoken to George Washington. When these gray-haired ones 
 pass away there will be no one living who can give personal testi- 
 mony to that extraordinary character. It has been my good for- 
 tune to know several people in the course of my life who had seen 
 and talked to Washington, and there was an impression left on 
 the minds of all whom I have ever seen that there was a certain 
 dignity and majesty about him that did not belong ordinarily to 
 men. 
 
 "The most curious evidence of it is probably found in the 
 letters of the French officers, to whom we owe much in the strug- 
 gle. But those letters which they wrote home to their families 
 and the reports of the French diplomats who were here at the In- 
 auguration of tho Government, go to show that Washington was 
 really more than a soldier, more than an ordinary man ; that there 
 was a certain majesty and dignity in his nature which assured the 
 success of the Government from the moment he took it in hand. 
 In turning over some of the Revolutionary papers which Mr. Ban- 
 croft has collected— to whom we owe a debt which I am afraid will 
 never be repaid — I find that from the hour Washington took com- 
 mand of the army, his mind seemed to go in the diroction of the 
 institution or the creation of a nation out of the thirteen disjointed 
 colonies, whose forces he was leading. You will find it in his pri- 
 vate correspondence, in his official letters to Congress, and run- 
 ning all the way through that trying period. Yon will find it in 
 the parting words he addressed to his officers at Newburgh ; you 
 will find it in the last words he uttered as lie quit the Battery and 
 took the boat for Elizabethport. You will find it in the touching 
 speech when he returned his commission to Congress at Annapo- 
 lis ; and after he went back to Mount Vernon, his letters arc inces- 
 sant to Jefferson, to Mason, to Madison and all those men whose 
 value he was the first to discover, urging that they should adhere 
 to the Union and should give up their ideas of State sovereignty. 
 It was Washington's influence that got the Constitution adopted. 
 He wrote to his friends in every one of the states, and begged 
 them to secure the adoption of the resolutions in favor of the Con- 
 vention. He was tho presiding officer of the Convention ; his 
 name w as affixed as the President of that Convention. Almost all 
 of them were discouraged. Franklin, although not much given to 
 praying, actually made a prayer for Divine help. It was Washing- 
 ton's influence which allayed dissensions, which made the mem- 
 bers realize that they held in their hands the destiny of a great 
 people, if not the destiny of the whole world. Now, if this cele- 
 bration is to be what I hope it will be, it will be a celebra- 
 tion which Will put George Washington again before the youth 
 of this country as he stood in the hearts and minds of their 
 fathers; and it is for that reason that I trust this affair will be 
 carried out in the broad spirit of the Constitution, and that all 
 citizens, all factions, and ail States, old and new, in this Union, 
 will take part in it, and feel in doing so that they are saying to 
 those who are to come after them a hundred years hence : ' This 
 is the country that Washington and those around him created. 
 This is the country we have tried to save for you, and which you 
 are bound to save for 3-0111- posterity.' " 
 
 Gordon L. Ford and Clarence W. Bowen were elected 
 Secretaries, and Algernon S. Sullivan introduced resolu- 
 tions which, after being amended, read as follows: 
 
 "Resolved, That the citizens of New York desire to commem- 
 orate, by a suitable Centennial celebration, tiie notably event — 
 namely, that in this city, on the 30th of April, a. d., 1789, George 
 Washington, the first President-elect, under the Constitution, of 
 the United States, in the presence of the first Congress and of the 
 people, was inaugurated by taking the oath of his office, and thus 
 the organization of our Federal Government was completed. 
 
 "Resolved, That we favor a celebration in which the Federal 
 Government and all of the states and territories shall be recog- 
 nized participants. And, 
 
 " Whereas, This meeting of the citizens has learned that steps 
 have been taken by the Chamber of Commerce and by the Histori- 
 cal Society to organize a suitable celebration of this event, there- 
 fore be it 
 
 "Resolved, That these societies be requested to confer with a 
 committee to be named by the Mayor, for the purpose of making 
 arrangements to constitute a general committee, representing all 
 classes of citizens, to take charge of the proposed celebration. 
 
 "Resolved, That this committee shall consist of thirteen, and 
 that the chairman of this meeting shall be the chairman thereof. 
 
 "Resolved, That copies of these resolutions be sent to the 
 
ANNIVERSARY OF WASHINGTON S INAUGURATION. 
 
 21 
 
 Chamber of Commerce, to the New York Historical Society and the 
 New Jersey Historical Society." 
 
 Remarks on the resolutions were made by John A. 
 King, Elliott F. Shepard, James C. Spencer, James C. 
 Carter, Nathaniel Niles, Orlando B. Potter, Clarence W. 
 Bowcn and others. 
 
 The following is the speech made in support of the 
 resolutions by Hampton L. Carson, of Philadelphia: 
 
 "Mr. President and Gentlemen: — Permit me to express my 
 appreciation of the honor of your invitation to meet you in con- 
 ference to-night. The object of your meeting is unusually inter- 
 esting and important. As I understand it, it is to concert meas- 
 ures for tho fitting celebration upon the 30th of April, 1889, of the 
 One-Hundredth Anniversary of the Inauguration of George 
 Washington as the first President of the United States of 
 America. 
 
 , " I firmly believe in the propriety and value of these Centen- 
 nial Memorial Celebrations. I heartily concur with my distin- 
 guished and venerable friend, Col. Jesse E. Peyton, of Haddon- 
 field, N. J., to whose patriotic ardor is due the credit of having 
 originated nearly every movement in this direction. I agree with 
 him that no marked event in our national history should be per- 
 mitted to pass without a joyous gathering of the people, in honor 
 of the deeds of our illustrious sires, and in pious gratitude to God 
 for the blessings of liberty. These national jubilees are of price- 
 less value. They serve to keep alive the recollection of the past ; 
 they reanimate the aged ; they kindle the enthusiasm of the young ; 
 they instruct the ignorant ; they promote the careful study of our 
 institutions, and call forth critical essays and glowing orations. 
 They destroy the barriers of local prejudice and knit in closer 
 bonds of union the members of our great Republic. They are oc- 
 casions upon which we renew our vows of fealty to the Constitu- 
 tion. Eloquence, poetry and philosophy find in them fresh 
 sources of inspiration. Tho pulse of the patriot is quickened, the 
 sympathies of the statesman are broadened, while the souls of all 
 true lovers of liberty according to law are lifted up and purified. 
 During the past decade we have passed in review the events which 
 made our fathers immortal. At Lexington and Bunker Hill, at 
 Philadelphia in '76, at Saratoga and Trenton, at Brandywine and 
 Germantown, at Valley Forge and Monmouth, at Stony Point and 
 Charleston, Savannah and Eutaw Springs, you met to commemo- 
 rate the self-sacrificing struggles of your sires. At Yorktown you 
 celebrated their final triumph and deliverance from bondage. But 
 two months ago you met in the great city of Philadelphia, the 
 City of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, to 
 applaud the completion of the structure of our Government by its 
 architects and builders and its solemn dedication to the service of 
 the people and mankind. We now stand upon the threshold of 
 the Centennial of their last great act. The election and inaugu- 
 ration of Washington was their crowning work. Their labors 
 were then ended, and our ship of state, freighted with the rights 
 of men, and floating from its masthead the banner of Constitu- 
 tional freedom, was launched upon the sea of time, in which the 
 centuries are but single waves. 
 
 " It is eminently fitting, Mr. Chairman, that you should pre- 
 pare to celebrate this great event. The City of New York is the 
 proper place. It was here that the last scene in the great drama 
 was acted. It is a duty that you owe to yourselves, to your fellow- 
 countrymen, to your children. The Federal Government and each 
 state and territory of the Union will reinforce your resolution and 
 bid you God speed in its accomplishment. 
 
 " We read in the simple records of the day how General Wash- 
 ington, on the 16th of April, 1789, two days after his election as 
 first Chief Magistrate of the United States was officially announced 
 to him, bade adieu to Mount Vernon, to private life and domestic 
 felicity, and, with a mind oppressed with more anxious and pain- 
 ful sensations than he had words to express, set out for New York 
 with the best disposition to render service to his country in obedi- 
 ence to her call, but modestly distrusting his power to answer her 
 
 expectations. At Alexandria he was presented with an affection- 
 ate address, bidding him ' go and make a grateful people happy,' 
 a people doubly grateful when contemplating his personal sacri- 
 fices for their interest. At Philadelphia he was received with pe- 
 culiar splendor. Beneath arches of triumphal laurel, with a civic 
 crown upon his brow he entered the crowded city, and the next 
 day at Trenton was met by matrons leading their daughters clad 
 in white, who strewed flowers in his way and sang an ode com- 
 posed for the occasion. At Elizabethtown point he embarked 
 with a Committee of Congress in a splendid barge, manned by cit- 
 izens of New York, and was rowed across the glittering waters of 
 the Kill von Kull and the lordly Hudson. ' The display of boats,' 
 says an eye-witness of the scene, ' which attended and joined on 
 this occasion, some with vocal and others with instrumental mu- 
 sic on board, the decorations of the ships, the roar of cannon, and 
 the loud acclamations of the people, which rent the sky as I passed 
 along the wharves, filled my mind with sensations as painful as 
 they were pleasing.' In this maimer we are told by the historian 
 on the 23d of April, the man possessed of a nation's love landed at 
 the stairs of Murray's Wharf. He was there received by the Gov- 
 ernor of New York, and conducted with military honors through 
 an immense concourse of people to the apartments provided for 
 him. There attended by foreign ministers, by public bodies, by 
 political characters, and by private citizens of distinction, who 
 pressed around him to offer their congratulations, he witnessed a 
 ' day of extravagant joy,' succeeded by a splendid illumination. 
 
 " On the 30th of April, in the presence of the first Senate and 
 House and a vast concourse of people, upon the balcony of the 
 Federal Hall at Wall and Broad Streets ho took the oath to sup- 
 port and administer the Constitution of tne United States. 
 
 " The world has never witnessed such a scene as this. It had 
 contemplated with awe the making of Consuls and Dictators, the 
 crowning of Kings, the proclamation of Emperors; but the char- 
 iot wheels of the Conqueror had been driven over the necks of the 
 people, and the gilded barges of monarchs had been launched 
 upon the tears of their subjects. The air had been often convu'.sed 
 with the cry, ' The King is dead— long live the King.' But now a. 
 scene of novel, yet sublime simplicity, was witnessed ; a new po- 
 litical character has been created. Henceforth no tyrant, knave 
 or fool could plead hereditary right to rule ; henceforth the ruler 
 was to be the ruler of the people, elected by the ballots of millions 
 of freemen, while the welkin rang with joyous shouts : ' Long live 
 the President of the United States ; forever live the Constitution 
 and the Union— forever live the liberties of America.' 
 
 "Mr. Chairman, when we compare the City of New York as3he 
 is to-day, with the city of one hundred years ago, and sweep into 
 the range of vision Philadelphia, Boston, Baltimore, Washington, 
 Chicago, St. Louis and San Francisco with their myriads of docks, 
 ship-yards, factories, looms, libraries, colleges, schools, churches 
 and institutions of charity, when we, consider how the mantle of 
 the Constitution has been spread ' without stretching' over a ter- 
 ritory more vast than the empire of Alexander, when we reflect 
 upon the rude shocks of foreign and domestic strife which have 
 convulsed the land without injury to our institutions, when we 
 consider the value of those institutions themselves, combining all 
 that is old and all tliat is new, all that is dead and all that is alive 
 and compute their cost, the centuries of misgovernmeut, of blood- 
 shed and of toil, when we pause to estimate what they have 
 been, what they now are, and what they may become, are we not 
 led to exclaim in wonder, ' What is the secret of this astonishing 
 success ? ' It is not ambition, it is not courage, it is not power, 
 it is not the simple work of republicanism, it is not devotion to 
 art, il is not belief in ancient dogmas or monastic vows ; it is not 
 commerce ; it is not trade ; it is not race ; it is not soil or climate. 
 Other nations have owed their prosperity and their greatness to 
 the one or the other of these. It is, because America, under 
 Providence, has never lost faith in the supreme idea that God has 
 made man free ; that no human authority has power to chain 
 either his body or his mind ; because she has recognized that in 
 the depths of the conscience of every citizen — the humblest as 
 well as the highest — there is ' a sentiment, sublime, sacred, inde- 
 
22 
 
 HISTORY OF THE MOVEMENT TO CELEBRATE THE ONE HUNDREDTH 
 
 structible, eternal — the sentiment of right, a sentiment which is 
 the very element of reason within man, the granite of the human 
 cousciencs, the rock upon which shall split and go to pieces all 
 the iniquities, the hypocrisies, the bad laws and bad governments 
 of this world,' and so with unfaltering faith in human destiny, 
 climbing nearer and still nearer to the Source of all Good, draw- 
 ing without stint upon the ancient and modern world for mate- 
 rial for thought and assimilating these wi'h the products of her 
 own soil, she has grown in every direction, and to-day embodies 
 in her thoughts, her inventions, her discoveries, her science, her 
 enterprise, her finance, her statesmanship, and the giant toil of 
 her sons in every corner of the sarth all the moral, intellectual 
 and educational forces which propel mankind. 
 
 " These facts embody a lesson coupled with a duty. Our aim 
 should be first to preserve, next to deserve the institutions of our 
 fathers. We should so guard the history of the Republic that we 
 may do nothing unworthy of the past, nothing to cloud the glory 
 of the coming day." 
 
 As directed by the resolutions adopted by the Commit- 
 tee of Citizens, Mayor Abram S. Hewitt appointed the fol- 
 lowing Committ e of thirteen citizens to co-operate with 
 the Chamber of Commerce and the New York His orical 
 
 .Secicty : 
 
 Daniel F. Tieman, Allan Campbell, 
 
 Smith Ely, Ji;., Charles P. Daly, 
 
 Edward Cooper, Stuyyes\nt Fish, 
 
 William H. Wickham Elbridge T. Geery, 
 Franklin Edson, William G. Hamilton, 
 
 William R. Grace. Governecr Morris, Jr., 
 Philip Schuyler. 
 
 Pursuant to the call ordered by Mayor Hewitt, the 
 above Committee met in the Mayor's office in the City Hall 
 on November 23d, 1887, ■ n 1 the following gentlemen of 
 the Committee of thirteen we e present : Daniel F. Tie- 
 man, William H. Wickham, Frank in Edson, William It. 
 Grace, Edward Cooper, Elbridge T. Gerr}' and Philip 
 Schuyler. Mayor Hewitt stated that a^s he had desired to 
 appoint on the Committee all the living ex-Mayors of New 
 York he would add the name of ex-Mayor John T. Hoff- 
 man. On motion it was resolved to invite committees 
 from the Chamber of Commerce, and the N ;W York His- 
 torical Soci ty, to meet th • Committee of Citizens ap- 
 pointed by Mayor Hewitt. It was also voted that Gordon 
 L. Ford aid Clarence W. Bowen be continued as Secreta- 
 ries until a permanent organization was forme I. 
 
 In November 30th, 1887, C mmittees from the New 
 York Historical Society and the Chamber of Commerce, 
 met the Citizens' Committee in the Mayor's office in the 
 City Hall. Jackson S Schultz and Nathaniel Nile i were 
 present from the Chamber of Commerce. The Hon. J. A. 
 King President of the New i ork Historical Society, re- 
 ported that the following Committee had been ; ppointed 
 by the Hi torical Soci.ty: 
 
 John A. King, Chairman, George II Moore, 
 Jacob B. Moore, Secretary, Robert B. Roosevelt, 
 John Jay, Charles H. Russell, Jr., 
 
 John D. Jones, Robert Schell, 
 
 John S. Kennedy, Corselius Vandervtlt, 
 
 Edward F. de Lancet, Andrew Warner, 
 
 Robert E. Livingston, John A. Weekes. 
 
 Remarks w re made by Ja ks n S. Schultz, Nathaniel 
 Ni es. E lward F. De Lancey, John A. King, Elbridge T. 
 Gerry, John T. Hoffman, John Jay, Mayor Hewitt and 
 others, suggesting different plans to start the movement 
 of celebrating th Centennial of Washington's Inaugura- 
 tion. The idea was approved of that was suggested by 
 Elbridge T. Gerry, who moved that the Society of the 
 Sons of the Revolution be requested to send in the names 
 of thirteen gentlemen who could act upon the General 
 Committ e. 
 
 It was also reso ved at t ;e meeting that no deinite ac- 
 tion be taken until the Chamber of Commerce and the 
 Ne v York Historical Society had further instructed 
 their respective Committees, and given them power to 
 act. 
 
 The third meetiDg of the Committee of Citizens was 
 held in the Mayor's office in the City Hall, December 7th, 
 1887. A Committee of Conferencs from the New Y'ork 
 Historical So iety were present, consisting of John A. 
 King, John A. Weekes, Edward F. De Lancey, George H. 
 Moor j and John S. Kennedy. 
 
 The following Committee of five were aho present 
 from the Chamber of Commerce: Jac son S. Schultz, 
 Chairman, S. D. Babcock, J. M. Fiske, Orlando B. Pott-r 
 and Erastus Wiman. 
 
 A communication was also received from Jam^s M. 
 Montgomery, Secretary of the Society of the Sons of the 
 Revolution, stating that a Committee to attend the Centen- 
 nial Constitutional Celebration hid been appointed Febru- 
 ary 22d, 1887, and that the same Committee would act as 
 a part of the Committee on t e Centennial Celebration of 
 the Inauguration of George Washington as President of 
 the United State?. The Committee was as follows: 
 Frederick S. 1 allmadge, John C. Tomlinson, 
 
 Chairman, Cliff rd Stanley Sims, 
 
 James Mortimer Montgom- William Waldorf Astor, 
 
 ery. Secretary, John Jay Pierhepont 
 
 John Austin Stevens, Henry W. Le Koy, 
 
 James Duane Livingston, Fredebick A. Benjamin, 
 George Clinton Genet Charles A. Coe, 
 Floyd Clarkson, Elbridge T. Gerry. 
 
 Mayor Hewitt's suggestion was then i dopted, that 
 " the organizat on of the Citiz ns' Committee should be 
 completed by embracing in such Committee the names of 
 the Committee of fourteen from the New Y'ork Historical 
 Society, and of the sa ne number from the Chamber of 
 Commerce and the Society of the Sons of th3 Revolution." 
 This number would be a nuc eus to which other names 
 could be added. Ma or Hewitt further suggest d that the 
 Hon. Hamilton Fish wou'd ma';e an excellent Chairman 
 
ANNIVERSARY OF WASHINGTON'S INAUGURATION. 
 
 23 
 
 of the General Committee. John A. King moved that 
 when a permanent organization of the Committee was ef- 
 fected, the naue of the Hon. Hamilton Fish .'hould be 
 recommended as permanent Chairman. The u otion was 
 carried unanimously. 
 
 It was further moved that the General Committee con- 
 sist of fourteen citizens, and also the ConiT.ittee of four- 
 teen from the Historical Society, the Chamber of Com- 
 merce and the Sons of the Revolution. 
 
 James M. Varnum's name was substituted for Mr. 
 Gerry's, as Mr. Gerry's mme was included in the list of 
 the names from the Sons of the Revoluti n. 
 
 The names of Mayor Abram S. Hewitt and Clarence 
 W. Bowen were also added to the General Committee, and 
 it was moved that Mayor Hewitt act as Chairman of the 
 Committee in the absence of the Hon. Hamilton Fish. 
 The General Committee as constituted now consisted of 
 the foil .win; fifty-nine gentlemen: 
 Hon. Hamilton Fin. Cornelius N. Bliss, 
 Mayor Abram S. Hewitt, James M. Beown, 
 Chatnce i M. Depew, William E.Dodge, 
 
 Richard A. McCurdt, Levi P. Morton, 
 Wm. II. Robertson, Gustav ScnwAB, 
 
 John Sloane, Samuel D. Babcock, 
 
 Jackson S. Schultz, Orlando B. Potter, 
 
 Erastus Wiman, Jacob M. Fiske, 
 
 Daniel F. Tieman, Smith Ely, Jr., 
 
 Edward Cooper, William H. Wickham, 
 
 Franklin Edson, Wm. R. Grace, 
 
 Allan Campbell, Charles P. Daly, 
 
 Stuyvesant Fish, William G. Hamilton, 
 
 Gouverneur Morris, Jr., Philip Schuyler, 
 John T. Hoffman, James M. Varnum, 
 
 John A. King, Jacob C Moore, 
 
 John Jay, John D. Jones, 
 
 John S. Kennedy, Edward F. De Lancey, 
 
 Robert E. Livingston, George II. Moore, 
 Robert B. Roosevelt, Charles H. Russell, Jr., 
 Robert Schell Jas. Mortimer Montgomery, 
 
 Cornelius Vanderbilt, Andrew Warnre, 
 John A. Weekes, Frederick S. Tallmadge, 
 
 John Austin Stevens, James Duane Livingston, 
 George Clinton Genet, Floyd Clarkson, 
 John C. Tomlinson, Clifford Stanley Sims, 
 
 William Waldorf Astor. John J. Pierrepont, 
 Henry W. Le Roy, Frederick A. Benjamin. 
 
 Charles A. Coe, Elbridge T. Gerry, 
 
 Clarence W. Bowen. 
 
 The fourth meeting of the Committee as above consti- 
 tuted was held in the Governor's Room in the City Hall on 
 Wednesday, De ember 14th, 1887. 
 
 The Hon. Hamilton Fish was elected President of the 
 Committee, and Join A. King, Chauncey M. Depew a d 
 
 John T. Hoffman were appointed by Ma or Hewitt a Com- 
 mittee of three to wait upon Mr. Fish and apprise him 
 of his appointment. 
 
 Mayor Abram S. Hewitt, not in his official position, but 
 as a private citizen, was elected permanent Chairman of 
 the Committee. Clarence W. Bowea was elected perma- 
 nent Secretary of the Committee, but declined It was 
 then moved that a c mmittee of five be appointed by the 
 Mayor to report additional names to be added to the Gen- 
 eral Committee, and also to recommend the name of some 
 gentleman as permanent Secretary. In accordance with 
 the a'-ove resolution, Mayor Hewitt appointed the follow- 
 ing committee of five: Elbridge T. Gerry, Philip Schuyler, 
 James M. Yarnum, Orlando B. Patter, and William E. 
 Dodge. 
 
 The fifth meeting of the Committee was held in the 
 Governor's Room in the City Hall on January 11th, 1888, 
 Mayor A ram S. Hewitt in the chair. 
 
 Elbridge T. Ger y, in behalf of the Committee of Five, 
 recommended that the following named gentlemen should 
 be added to t ie committee, which was agreed to: 
 S. Van Rensselaer Cruger, Setii Low, 
 Eugene Kelly. W. Bayard Cutting, 
 
 Oswald Ottendorfer, James C. Carter, 
 
 Jesse Seligman, Henry Bergh, 
 
 J. Pierrepont Morgan. Rutherford Stuyvesant, 
 George G. Haven. Gordon L. Ford, 
 
 Asa Bird Gardner, Delancey Nicoll, 
 
 D. Willis James, Robert Lenox Belknap, 
 
 Frederic R. Coudert, John L. Cadwalader, 
 
 J. Hampden Robb, Locke W. Winchester, 
 
 Schuyler Hamilton, Daniel Huntington, 
 
 Brayton Ives, L. P. di Cesnola, 
 
 Richard W. Gilder, Louis Fitzgerald, 
 
 Theodore Roosevelt Egerton L. Winthrop, 
 
 Edmund Hendricks, Prof. H. H. Boyesen, 
 
 Thomas Addis Emmet, Frederic H. Tappen, 
 
 George Bliss, Lewis G. Morris, 
 
 Charles W. Dayton, J. T. Van Rensselaer 
 
 Wm. E. D. Stokes, Lispenaed Stewart, 
 
 Edwaed V. Low, Frederick Gallatin, 
 
 Charles Adams. 
 
 The recommendations of the Committee of Five were 
 unanimously adopted. 
 
 John A. King, in behalf of the Committee of Three ap- 
 pointed to wait upoL the Hon. Hamilton Fi h, stated that 
 Mr. Fish would act as President of the Committee. The 
 following committee was then appointed by Mayor Hewitt 
 as the Executive Committee : 
 
 Elbridge T. Gerry, Chair- Abram S. Hewitt, 
 man, John T. Hoffman, 
 
 John A. King, Cornelius N. Bliss, 
 
 Frederick S. Tallmadge, Seth Low, 
 
24 
 
 HISTORY OF THE MOVEMENT TO CELEBRATE THE ONE HUNDREDTH 
 
 Cornelius Vandeubilt, 
 
 ORLANDO B. PoiTEK, 
 
 Asa Bird Gardner, 
 John Cochrane 
 James M. Varnum, 
 Rutherford St. yyesant, 
 Wiluam G. Hamilton, 
 Chari.es W. Dayton, 
 S r rr yves ant Fish, 
 George G. Haven, 
 
 Lons Fitzgerald, 
 James M. Montgomery, 
 J. Talmadge Van Rens- 
 selaer, 
 Philip Sohtjtlosb, 
 Brayton Ives, 
 J. Hami'den Robb, 
 Jacob B. Moore, 
 Theodore Roosevelt, 
 James C. Carter, 
 
 Clarence W. Bowen, Secreta y. 
 The meeting t eu adjourned, ;ubject to t e call of the 
 Chairman of the Executive Committee. 
 
 On. February 3d, 1888, Elbridge T. Gerry, Chairman ( f 
 the Executive Committee, called together Abram S. Hew- 
 itt, James M. Yarnum, Cornelius X. Bliss Frederic - S. 
 Tallma 'ge and Samuel D. Babcock, and submitted to them 
 the following plan for the ce ebration: 
 
 New Yokk, February 3d, 1888. 
 To the Sub-Committee on Plan and Scope of the Commit- 
 tee on the Centennial Celebration of the Inauguration 
 of George Washington as President of the United 
 States: 
 Gentlemen : 
 
 I submit for your consideration the names of the different Sub- 
 committees, and also the names of gentlemen to serve on the dif- 
 ferent Sub-Committees, and also an outline of the Plan and Scope, 
 as follows : 
 
 SUB- COMMITTEES. 
 No. 1. Plan and Scope. 
 " 2. States. 
 
 " 3. General Government. 
 
 " i. Army (including Committee on Industrial Parade). 
 
 " 5. Navy. 
 
 " 6. Entertainment. 
 
 " 7. Finance. 
 
 " 8. Railroads and Transportation. 
 
 " 9. Art. 
 
 " 10. Exhibitions. 
 
 " 11. Literary Exercises. 
 
 No. 1.— PLAN AND SCOPE. 
 
 Abram S. Hewitt, Chairman. 
 James M. Varnum, Frederick S. Tallmadge, 
 
 Cornelius N. Bliss, Samuel D. Babcock. 
 
 No. 2.— STATES. 
 
 William G. Hamilton, Chairman. 
 James C. Carter, Jacob A. Cantor, 
 
 John Schuyler, E. Ellery Anderson, 
 
 J. Tallmadge Van Bensselaer, Floyd Clarkson, 
 James S. Hcsted, Henry W. LeRoy, 
 
 Theodore Roosevelt, John B. Pine, 
 
 James M. Montgomery, Secretary. 
 
 No. 3.— GENERAL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 John A. King, Chairman. 
 John Jay, Frederick J. De Peyster, 
 
 Edward Cooper, Wm. H. Robertson, 
 
 Wm. H. Wickham, Cornelius Vanderbelt, 
 
 Wm. R. Grace, Seth Low, Secretary. 
 
 No. 4.— ARMY (Military and Industrial Parade). 
 
 Philip Schuyler, Chairman. 
 John Cochrane, Frederick Gallatin, 
 
 Locke W. Winchester, S. Van Rensselaer Cruger. 
 
 J. Hampden Robb, John C Tomlinson, Sec'y. 
 
 No. 5.— NAVY. 
 
 Asa Bird Gardener, Chairman. 
 John S. Barnes, Robert E. Livingston, 
 
 George G. Haven, D. Wiixis James, 
 
 Jackson S. Schultz, Frederick R. Coudert, 
 
 S. Nicholas Kane, Oswald Ottendorfer, 
 
 John Jay Plerrepont, Secretary. 
 
 No. 6.— ENTERTAINMENT. 
 
 Stuyvesant Fish, Chairman. 
 Levi P. Morton, Edgerton L. Winthrop, 
 
 Wm. B. Beekman, Gouverneup. Moreis, Jr., 
 
 George Wilson, S. L. M. Barlow, 
 
 Ward McAllister, Stephen II. Oltn, 
 
 Wm. E. D. Stokes, Secretary. 
 
 No. 7.— FINANCE. 
 
 Brayton Ives, Chairman. 
 
 Logan C. Murray, John Sloane, 
 
 James N. Brown, . James D. Smith, 
 
 John Claflin, Edward V. Loew, 
 
 John S. Kennedy, James H. Dunham, 
 
 Louis Fitzgerald, Eugene Kelly, 
 
 Allan Campbell. Walter Stanton, 
 Be Lancey Nicoll, Secretary. 
 
 No. 8.— RAILROADS AND TRANSPORTA- 
 TION. 
 
 Orlando B. Potter, Chairman. 
 Chauncey M. Depew, Charles W. Datton, 
 
 Erastts Wlman. Josi.vh M. Fisk, 
 
 James Duane Livingston, Secretary. 
 
 No. 9.— ART. 
 
 Henry G. Marquand, Chairman. 
 Daniel Huntington, Frank D. Millet, 
 
 F. Hopktnson Smith, H. H. Boy'esen, 
 
 William E. Dodge, Charles Henry Hart, 
 
 Richard W. Gilder. Secretary. 
 
 No. 10.— EXHIBITIONS. 
 
 Gordon L. Ford, Cliairman. 
 Rutherford Stuyvesant, Lispf.nap.d Stewart, 
 John L. Cadwalader, Chas. H. Russell, Jr., Sec'y. 
 
 No. 11.— LITERARY EXERCISES. 
 
 Elbrldge T. Gerry, Chair'n. Clarence W. Bowen, .See'y. 
 1st, Of course the Committee on Plan and Scope is the most 
 important committee, and the general programme of the celebra- 
 tion should be discussed and approved by this Committee. I 
 would respectfully suggest that the celebration be confined, if pos- 
 sible, to one day, namely, April 30th, 1889. It may, however, bo 
 necessary to have the naval parade in the harbor on the afternoon 
 of the day before. The naval parade will consist of vessels belong- 
 ing to the United States and to foreign countries, such as Fiance 
 and England and Germany, which would be especially interested 
 in the event. There should be a grand military parade, and mili- 
 tary organizations from the different cities, as well as from New 
 York State and New York City, should be invited to participate. 
 The different trades, also, should be invited to take part in the pa- 
 rade ; and some formal exercises should take place on the steps of 
 the Sub-Treasury, where Washington was inaugurated, and also in 
 St. Paul's Church, where Washington attended service on the day 
 of his inauguration. Possibly, in addition, some further literary 
 exercises should be held in the Metropolitan Opera House. It 
 would be desirable, I think, to have an oration and a poem. After 
 the literary exercises were over and the parade had taken place, I 
 think it would be a good idea to have a banquet in the evening, 
 which the President of the United States and other invited guests 
 shouid attend. 
 
 It would be an excellent idea if a Memorial Exhibition, con- 
 taining Washington relics, and also an exhibition of portraits of 
 
ANMVERSARY OF WASHINGTON S INAUGURATION. 
 
 85 
 
 Washington and of his Cabinet, and of others who assisted in the 
 inauguration, should be held in this city during the month of 
 April, 1889. 
 
 These ideas, and others that will no doubt occur to you. are 
 now brought before you, the Committee on Plan anil Scope, for 
 your approval, and to invite suggestions from you. 
 
 2d. The duty of the Committee on States would be to address a 
 communication to the Governors of all States and Territories, tell- 
 ing them of the celebration, inviting their co-operation, and re- 
 questing them to bring before *he legislatures of their several 
 States the fact of the celebration, and requesting the attendance 
 of members of the several legislatures, of gentlemen whose ances- 
 tors took a prominent part in the inauguration, and of such citi- 
 zens of the States as would be particularly interested in the his- 
 torical event. 
 
 3d. It is proposed, as you know, to open an exhibition in 
 Washington in the spring of 1889, and the General Government 
 Has been invited to assist in the undertaking. Now, the exhibi- 
 tion in Washington will not conflict in any way with ours ; but it 
 should be the duty of the Committee on General Government to 
 find out just what is being done in Washington, and to consult 
 with those who are interested in that celebration, so as to avoid 
 any difficulties that might otherwise arise. We should endeavor 
 to co-operate so that the celebration in New York will supplement 
 and emphasize the Centennial Celebration of the Inauguration of 
 the Constitution in Washington in March of 1889. 
 
 The Committee on the General Government should ask the 
 President of the United States to bring our celebration cf April 
 30th before Congress, and request that body to appoint a Commit- 
 tee to co-operate with us in our celebration. I think that the cele- 
 bration in New York should have the formal approval of the Gov- 
 ernment of the United States ; for Washington, as 3-ou know, was 
 inaugurated President of the General Government, and it should 
 be under the auspices of the General Government that the cele- 
 bration should take place. 
 
 4th. The Committee on the Army would arrange with military 
 organizations in this city and in New York State, and also invite 
 military organizations from other States to take part in the parade. 
 The different trades, too, should be invited to join in the parade. 
 The representation of all the leading industries of the country 
 would thus form an important and attractive feature of the parade. 
 
 5th. The duties of the Committee on the Navy are obvious. 
 Mr. Coudert would represent the interests of France and Mr. 
 Ottendorfer of Germany, on the Committee ; for vessels from for- 
 eign countries would, no doubt, join in the parade in the harbor. 
 
 6th. The duty of the Entertainment Committee would be to at- 
 tend to the invitations to the President of the United States, and 
 to other public officials and gentlemen of distinction, who would 
 attend the festivities and the banquet in the evening. 
 
 7th and 8th. The duties of the Committees on Finance and on 
 Railroads and Transportation are obvious and ne ed no explanation. 
 
 9th, 10th and 11th. I have spoken of the Committees on Art 
 and Exhibitions and Literary Exercises, and it is unnecessary to 
 comment further at this time on their respective duties. The 
 Committee on Art might be able to get portraits of Washington 
 and o* her historical portraits from the different public and private 
 art galleries of the country, and the Committee on Exhibitions 
 might secure manuscripts and books and works and memorials of 
 an historical character pertaining to George Washington. 
 
 The Chairman of each of the Sub-Committees is a member of 
 the Executive Committee. I have put a young man on eaoh of 
 the Committees that he might act as Secretary. 
 
 The above suggestions are only an outline of what the celebra- 
 tion should be, and as such I respectfully submit them to you. 
 Yours very truly, ELBEIDGE T. GERRY, 
 
 Chairman of the Executive Committee. 
 
 The different Sub-Committees were at once informed of 
 he work tha' had been assigned to them, and prepara- 
 tions for the Celebration were immediately begun. 
 
 Mr. Gerry caused bills to be introduced in the Legisla- 
 
 ture of tie State of New Yo-k. authorizing the State to 
 ma e an appropriation of money t > the Celebration, and 
 authorizing the Board of Estimate and Apportionment of 
 New Yo-k City to make an appropriation, and also crea- 
 ting A ril 30th, 1889, a legal holiday. 
 
 The fo lowing add'tnns were made to the different 
 Committ rs duriDg the spring: 
 
 To the Sub-Committee on Genera 1 Government: 
 
 William M. Evarts, 
 
 Hon. Frank S. Hiscock. 
 
 To the Sub-Committee cn Navy: 
 
 Alfred C. Cheney, 
 
 Captain Henry Erben, 
 
 Lot all Farragut, 
 
 Ogden Goelet, 
 
 Buchanan 
 
 WixTiinor. 
 
 To the Sub-Committee on Entert inment: 
 
 William Waldorf Astor, 
 
 Robert Goelet, 
 
 William Jay, 
 
 William K. Vanderbilt, 
 
 To the Sub-Committee on Finance: 
 
 Henry B. Hyde, 
 
 John J. Knox, 
 
 Darius 0. Mills, 
 
 John F. Pi.ummer, 
 
 J. Edward Simmons, 
 
 RicnARD T. Wilson. 
 
 To the Sub-Committee on Art: 
 
 John L. Cadwai.ader, 
 
 A. W. Drake, 
 
 Gordon L. Ford, 
 
 Charles Parsons, 
 
 Oliver H. Perry, 
 
 Chas. H. Russell, Jr., 
 
 Rutherford Stuyvesant, 
 
 Lispenard Stewart. 
 
 To the General Committee: 
 
 Charles F. Adams, 
 
 E. Ellery Anderson, 
 
 Chester Alan Arthur, 
 
 John J. Astor, 
 
 Richard T. AucnMUTY, 
 
 John S. Barnes, 
 
 S. L. M. Barlow, 
 
 Capt. Warren C. Beach, 
 
 J. W. Beekman, 
 
 Wm. Beekman. 
 
 John H. Bird, 
 
 William H. Bissell, 
 
 Samuel Borrowe, 
 
 Edwin Booth, 
 
 James J. Burnet, 
 
 Hon. Jacob A. Cantor, 
 
 Henry Guy Carleton, 
 
 Alfred C. Cheney, 
 
 Banyzr Clarkson, 
 
 John Clafliv. 
 
 Frederick Clarkson, 
 
 Moncure D. Conway. 
 
 Alfred R. Conk ling, 
 
 Washington E. Connor, 
 
 James M. Constable, 
 
 Gen. John Cochrane, 
 
 Edwin A. Cruiksiiaxk, 
 
 William Henry Crosby, 
 
 Richard T. Davies, 
 
 Frederick J. De Peyster, 
 
 George D. De Witt, 
 
 Richard Yarick De Witt, 
 
 Dr. Morgan Dix, 
 
 A. W. Drake, 
 
 Edward M. L. Ehlers, 
 
 Capt. Hen; y Erben, 
 
 Wm. M. Evarts, 
 
 Loyall Farragut, 
 
 Josiah M. FlSK, 
 
 William H. Gedney. 
 
 Ogden Goelet, 
 
 Robert Goelet, 
 
 Hugh J. Grant, 
 
 Chas. Henry Hart, 
 
 Chas. Haxselt, 
 
 Hon. Frank Hiscock, 
 
 Hon. James W. Husted, 
 
 Henry B. Hyde, 
 
 Harrison Clark, 
 
 John D. Crimmins, 
 
 H. C. Fahnstock, 
 
 Charles Isham, 
 
 Adrian Iselin, 
 
 Joseph C. Jackson, 
 
26 
 
 HISTORY OF THE MOVEMENT TO CELEBRATE THE ONE HUNDREDTH 
 
 William Jay. S. Nichoison Kane, 
 
 William Linn Keese, Rufus King, 
 Alexander Knox, Jonx J. Knox, 
 
 Frank R. Lawlence. Arthur Leaky, 
 
 Hy. Brookholst Ledyard, Johnston Livingston, 
 Henry G. Habquand, Ward McAllister, 
 Frank D. Millet, Darius O. Mills, 
 
 Thomas S. Moore, Theodore W. Myers, 
 
 Thomas II. Xewbold, Stephen H. Olin, 
 Chakles Parsons, Oliver H. Perry, 
 
 George Hunt Pendleton John B. Pine. 
 JonN F. Pi.vmmer, Fredeiuck W. Riiinei.ander, 
 
 Robert Rt tier, Edward Schell, 
 
 Augustus F. Schermerhorn, John Schuyler, 
 Clarence A. Seward, Robert H. Shannon, 
 Gardiner Sherman, J. Edward Simmons, 
 
 Wm. D. Sloane, William M. Polk, 
 
 Henry L. Slote, James D. Smith, 
 
 F. IIorkinson Smith, Wm. C. Smith, 
 
 Edmcnd Clarence Stedman, Wm. Steinway, 
 Richard Henry Stoddard, Walter Stanton, 
 Miles Standish, William L. Strong, 
 
 Robert Stuyvesant. John J. Tucker. 
 
 Wm. K. Vaxdeebilt, Travis Coles Van Biren, 
 
 James S. Van Co rtland, John Barnes Varick, 
 Alexander S. Webb, G. Creighton Webb. 
 
 Richard T. Wilson, Buchanan Wintheoi-, 
 
 James Grant Wilson, George Wilson. 
 
 Stephen M. Wright. 
 The following memorial was resented to Grover 
 Cleveland, President of the United States, by John A. 
 King, Chairman of the Committee on General Govern- 
 ment: 
 
 " New York, March 10th, 1888. 
 " To the President of the United States: 
 
 "The Centennial Anniversary of the Organization of the Con- 
 stitutional Government of the United States, of the First Meeting 
 of Congress, and of the Inauguration of George Washington as 
 President of the United States, in the City of New York, will oc- 
 cur on the 30th day of April, 1889. 
 
 " It is appropriate that the anniversary of these great events 
 should be properly celebrated in the same city, and upon the exact 
 date and site of their occurrence, one hundred years ago. 
 
 " Moved by such considerations, the citizens of New York, in 
 conjunction with the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New 
 York, the New York Historical Society, the Order of the Cincin- 
 nati, and the Society of the Sons of the Re volution, have organ- 
 ized a grand Committee of Citizens, ' on the Centennial Celebra- 
 tion of April 30th, 1789,' and have appointed the undersigned as 
 their chief officers, with instructions to make the observance of 
 the occasion worthy of the City, of the State, and of the signal 
 events to be commemorated ; and, further, to respectfully ask that 
 you will make this determination the subject of a communication 
 to Congress, inviting National co-operation, as it is to be a cele- 
 bration in which the Nation and the States should assist in unison 
 with the people of New York. 
 
 "Remarkable and becoming as, in their respective localities, 
 were the ceremonies, in which all sections united, in recognition 
 of 1776, of Yorktown, and of the formation of the Federal Consti- 
 tution in 1787, yet is the anniversary of the 30th of April, 1789, 
 
 more noteworthy, as being the final and pre-eminently the great- 
 est of the National Centennials, the consummation of the mani- 
 fold blessings attained by all others preceding, and commemora- 
 tive of the taking of the Oath of Office by George Washington, in 
 the presence of the Houses of Congress, whereby the wheels of a 
 Republican Constitutional Government were set in motion, com- 
 plete in its Executive and Legislative Branches, and fully equipped 
 for its great work. 
 
 " The precise spot upon which this august ceremony took 
 place, though now owned and occupied by the Unite el States, was 
 in 1883 crowneel by the citizens of New York with a colossal figure 
 in bronze < f the first President, with an inscription upon the 
 base, so that it may bo marked and known to future generation?. 
 
 " Around this hallowed spot the people of New York will gather 
 in 1889, and as outlined in the Plan and Scope, which we have the 
 honor to submit to you, invitations will be issueel to the President 
 of the Uniteel States, the Members of his Cabinet, the Federal Ju- 
 diciary, the Houses of Congress, tliL Heads of the Departments,, 
 the Governors anel Legislators of the States anel Territories, the 
 Commissioners of the District of Columbia, the resident represent- 
 atives of the Foreign Governments having frienelly relations with 
 the United States, anel representatives of various organizations 
 and societies of the Union, to unite with them in appropriate ob- 
 servances of the occasion. It is proposed to confine the pro- 
 gramme to the day of 30th of April, 1889 ; that there shall be a 
 military and naval parade, in which, under orders issued by the 
 President, the Uniteel States Troops and the vessels of the Navy 
 shall participate, in connection with the Military anel Industrial 
 Organizations from the different cities and states, as well as with 
 those of the City and State of New York ; that some formal exer- 
 cises shall take place on the steps of the Sub-Treasury, where 
 Washington was inaugurated ; that there shall be delivered a com- 
 memorative oration and poem; and, finally, that there shall be a 
 banquet to which the honored guests of the City will be duly in- 
 vited. 
 
 " The grandeur of the occasion anel its appropriate observance 
 upon the historic site, in the midst of the great metropolis of the 
 Western Hemisphere, cannot fail to impress themselves upon your 
 own consideration, and, therefore, in asking your full co-operation 
 with us, your memorialists would respectfully request that you 
 may be pleaseel to draw the attention of Congress to this subject 
 hy a special message, and thereby impart to this great celebration 
 the broad characteristic of nationality in which the States and 
 Territories shoulel fully join. 
 
 "Hamilton* Fish, 
 
 President. 
 " Abkam S. Hewitt, 
 
 Chairman of General Committee. 
 " Elbrioge T. Gerry, 
 
 Chairman of Executive Committee. 
 " Clarence W. Bo wen, 
 
 Secretary." 
 
 At a meeting of the Plan anel Scope Committee, April 
 16tb, 1888. reports were received from Ph lip Schuyler, 
 Chairman of the Sub-Committee on Army, asking for au 
 appropriation of $70,000, and from Stuyvesant Fish. 
 Ct airman of the Sub-Committee en Enter ainment, asking 
 for an appropriation of $20,000. The Entertainment 
 Committee also repoi ted that the night of Monday, Ap il 
 29th, 1889, was selected for the Centennial Ball, to be 
 given in the Metropolitan Oper.i House, anel Tuesday. 
 April 30th, 1889, was selected for the banquet in the same 
 place. 
 
 During the spring all the Committees organizes! them- 
 selves and made preparations to carry out the work as 
 
ANNIVERSARY OF WASHINGTON'S INAUGURATION. 
 
 27 
 
 prescribed in the outline by Elbridge T. Gerry, to the Plan 
 and Scope Committee. 
 
 The Exhibition Committee was merg:d into the Art 
 Committee, and chose Henry G. Marquand, Chairman, 
 Gordon L. Ford, Vice-Chairman, and Richard W. Gilder, 
 Secretary, and the ball-room suite of rooms of the Metro- 
 politan Opera House were ergaged fcr an Art and Memo- 
 rial Exhibition during the spring of 1889. 
 
 No meetings of the Plan and Scope Committee were 
 held during the Lummer, but freepient conferences were 
 held by the different members f he Committee, the wcrk 
 necessary to be done was outlined by the Chairman of the 
 Executive Committee, and the Secretary attended to the 
 correspondence, which increased all through the summer 
 months. 
 
 In the fall meetings were* again he"d by the different 
 Sub-Committees, in order th:t the work might be pushed 
 more vigorously, and reports from the different Commit- 
 tees were sent in regularly to the Chairman of the Execu- 
 tive Committee. 
 
 The Finance Committee undertook to raise $ 175.000, of 
 which $75,000 should be asked of the City of New York, 
 $50,000 from the State of New York, and $50,000 raised n 
 private subscriptions. 
 
 The Art and Exhibition Committee engaged William 
 A. Coffin, the artist, as their manager, in order that his 
 time might be devoted exclusively to the work of prepar- 
 ing for the Art Exhibition. 
 
 The Committee on Xavy arrangeel to meet the Presi- 
 dent of the United States at Elizabethport, X. J., on Men- 
 day, April 29th, 1889, and conduct him to the foot of Wall 
 Street, in Xew York, over the same course followeel by 
 Washington on his arrival in Xew York, on April 23d, 
 1789. 
 
 The Committee on Literary Exercises recommended 
 that brief religious services of praise anil thanksgiving 
 should be held in the different churches in the city at nine 
 o'clock on the morning of April 30th. 1889, the same hour 
 in which religious services were held on April 30th. 1789, 
 and this Committee also arranged for a special service to 
 be held in St. Paul's Church, on April 30th, 1889, to be 
 conducted by the Bishop of Xew York, inasmuch a? ser- 
 vices were held in the same church on the day of Washing- 
 ton's Inauguration, and were conducted by the Bishop of 
 Xew York and the Chaplain to the Senate, the Pit. Rev. 
 Er. Provoost. 
 
 It was also agreed that the formal Literary Exercises 
 should take place on the morning of Apr 1 30tl^ , at the 
 Sub-Treasury Building, at the corner of Wall ancf Xassau 
 Streets, where stood Federal Hall, the scene of the Inaugu- 
 ration Ceremonies: and that a prayer be offered by the 
 Rev. Richard S. Storrs, D.D., LL.D., a poem read by John 
 Greenleaf Whittier, an oration delivered by Chauncey M. 
 Depew, an address by the President of the United States, 
 
 and the Benedicts n pronounced by Archbishop Corrigan. 
 
 In Novembr, permanent headquarters were secured at 
 the Stewart Building, 280 Broadway, a corps of clerks and 
 st nographers were engaged, and the work of the Commit- 
 tee vigorously pushed. 
 
 The different states began to send in the names of the 
 Commissioners appointed to arrange for the representation 
 of their respective states at the celebration. 
 
 Mr. Gerry, as Chairman of the Executive Committee, 
 invited the clergymen of Xew York to a tend the meeting 
 in the Governor's Room in the City Hall on December 6th, 
 
 1888, in order that a Committee of Clergymen could be ap- 
 pointed to arrange for religious services in the churches of 
 the country at nine o'cloc';, a.m., on April 30th, 1889. 
 
 Grover C eveland, as President of the I nited States, 
 called to the attention of the country the importance of the 
 celebration in the following words in his Annual Message 
 to Congress: 
 
 " Preparations for the Centennial Celebration, on April 30th, 
 
 1889, of the Inauguration of George Washington as President of 
 the United States, at the City of New York, have been made by a 
 voluntary organization of the citizens of that locality, and believ- 
 ing that an opportunity should be afforded for the expression of 
 the interest felt throughout the country in this event, I respect- 
 fully recommend fitting and co-operative action by Congress on 
 behalf of the people of the United States." 
 
 It would till a volume to print all the reports of the ten 
 Committees who have had in preparation the work for the 
 Celebration of Washington's Inauguration. 
 
 Additi nal names were added to the Sub-Committees 
 and to the General Committee from time to t'me; the orig- 
 inal plans were modifieel to some extent as the intere t in 
 the Celebration increased. 
 
 It was originally proposed to have the Reviewing 
 Stand on the steps of the Sub-Treasury, and to have the 
 soldiers pass by after the Literary Exercises were finished; 
 but at a meeting of the Commissioners appointed by the 
 different states ami territories, which was held in the Gov- 
 ernor's Room in th City Hall, January 8th, 1889, a discus- 
 sion took place which showed the impracticability of hav- 
 ing the reviewing stanel on the ste;s of the Sub-Treasury. 
 It was found that so many thousands of troops would be 
 in Xew York on April 30th, that it woidd be impossible to 
 concentrate them in lower Broadway. It was determinsel, 
 therefore, to have the reviewing stanel on Madison Sepiare, 
 and it was also determined to have the Industrial Parade 
 May 1st, instead of Tuesday, April 30th, 1889, as originally 
 proposed. 
 
 During the winter, Elbridge T. Gerry, Chairman of the 
 Executive Committee, made f ur or five visits to Albany, 
 to attend to the passage of a bill by the Legislature, appro- 
 priating $75 000 for the purposes of the Celebration. 
 
 The money finally appropriated by the State of Xew 
 York was $200,000, of which $125 000 was for the Xa- 
 tional Guard, $20,000 for the Grand Army of the Repub- 
 lic, and $55,000 for the Committee in Xew York. 
 
23 THE ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF WASHINGTON'S INAUGURATION. 
 
 The Plan and Scope Committee met frequently dur- 
 ing the winter to approve of the plans submitted 1) the 
 other Committees, and to consent t ) the appropriations 
 of m ney asked by the Committees for carrying on the 
 work. 
 
 The Army Committee engaged headquarters at the 
 Fifth Avenue Hotel, and have been hard at work in ar- 
 ranging the details for the Military and Industrial Pa- 
 rade. 
 
 The task of the Naval Committee has been no light one 
 in making preparations for the grand naval display in New 
 York Harbor on April 29th, 1889. 
 
 Th ; Committee on Entertainment have held frequent 
 meetings for the discussion of plans and in arranging the 
 many details conceded with the Ball and Banquet to be 
 given at the Metropolitan Opera House on Mo :day and 
 Tuesday, April 29th and 30th, 1889 
 
 The Committee on Railroads and Transportation ar- 
 ranged with the different railroads of the country for ex- 
 clusion rates, and the Art Committee have been planning 
 for a most interesting collection of portraits of Washington 
 
 and the Members of the First Congres , and of relics of the 
 time of Washington for the Art Exhibition. 
 
 The Committee on General Government through its 
 Chairman. John A. King, ' as been in constant communi- 
 cation with the authorities in Washington 
 
 The work • f the Committee cn States has been ardu- 
 ous, and the plans made to entertain the Commissioners 
 from the different states have been such as will add to the 
 national character of the Celebration 
 
 To the Chairmen of the different Sub-Committees is due 
 the greatest credit for the vast amount of work done in 
 preparing for the Centennial Celebration cf Washington's 
 Inauguration. 
 
 The members of the different Sub-Committees have all 
 done in a most satisfactory way their share of the work. 
 The great interest manifested throughout the country in 
 the Celebration lias made the Committees more eager t ) 
 perform aright the work assigned to them. They have 
 done their work intelligently and enthusiastically, and it 
 is believed that the Celebration of Washington's Inaugura- 
 tion as First President of the United States, will be in every 
 way worthy of the great City of New York. 
 
COMMITTEES 
 
 ON THE CENTENNIAL OF WASHING- 
 TON'S INAUGURATION. 
 
 OFFICEES : 
 
 HAMILTON FISH, 
 
 PRESIDENT, 
 
 HUGH J. GRANT, ELBRIDG-E T. GERRY, 
 
 CHAIRMAN, CHAIRMAN EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 
 
 CLARENCE W. BOWEN, Secretary. 
 
 SUB-COMMITTEES : 
 
 No. 1.— PLAN AND SCOPE. 
 
 Hugh J. Grant, Chairman. 
 Samuel D. Babcock, Abram S. Hewitt. 
 
 Cornelius N. Bliss, Frederick S. Tallmadge, 
 
 James M. Varnum. 
 
 No. 2.— STATES. 
 
 William G. Hamilton, Chairman. 
 
 E. Ellert Anderson, 
 Samuel Borrowe, 
 James C. Carter, 
 Col. Floyd Clarkson, 
 Jacob A. Cantor, 
 James W. Husted, 
 
 Henry W. Le Roy, 
 
 John B. Pine, 
 
 Theodore Roosevelt, 
 
 John Schuyler, 
 
 J. T. Van Rensselaer, 
 
 James M. Montgomery', Sec. 
 
 No. 3.— GENERAL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 John A. King, Chairman. 
 Edward Cooper, John Jay, 
 
 Frederick J. De Peyster, Wm. H. Robertson, 
 Wm. M. Eyarts, Cornelius Vanderbilt. 
 
 Wm. R. Grace, Wm. H. Wickham, 
 
 Hon. Frank S. Hisoock, Seth Low, Secretary. 
 
 No. 4.— ARMY (MILITARY AND INDUSTRIAL 
 PARADE). 
 
 S. Van Rensselaer Cruger, Chairman. 
 Gen. JonN Cochrane, Frederick D. Tappan, 
 Frederick Gallatin, Locke W. Winchester, 
 
 J. Hampden Robb, John C. Tomlinson, Sec. 
 
 No. 5 —NAVY. 
 
 Asa Bird Gardner, Chairman. * 
 
 John S. Barnes, 
 Frederick R. Coudert, 
 Alfred C. Cheney, 
 Captain Henry Erben, 
 Lotall Farragut, 
 Ogden Goelet, 
 
 George G. Haven, 
 D. Willis James, 
 John J. Pierrepont, 
 Jackson S. Shultz, 
 Buchanan Winthrop, 
 S. Nicholson Kane, Sec. 
 
 No. 6.— ENTERTAINMENT. 
 
 Stuyvesant Fish, Chairman. 
 
 Wm. Waldorf Astor, 
 Wm. B. Beekman, 
 S. L. M. Barlow, 
 Robert Goelet, 
 Wm. Jay, 
 
 GOUVERNEUR MORRIS, 
 
 Stephen H. Olin, 
 Wm. E. D. Stokes, 
 Wm. K. Vanderbilt, 
 Egerton L. Wixthrop, 
 
 No. 7. — FINANCE. 
 
 Brayton Ives, Chairman. 
 
 James M. Brown, 
 Allan Campbell, 
 Louis Fitzgerald, 
 Henry P. Hyde, 
 Eugene Kelly, 
 John J. Knox, 
 Edward V. Loew, 
 
 Darius O. Mills, 
 John F. Plummer, 
 J. Edward Simmons, 
 John Sloane, 
 James D. Smith, 
 Walter Stanton, 
 Richard T. Wilson, 
 Delancey Nicoll, Secretary. 
 No. 8.— RAILROADS AND TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 Orlando B. Potter, Chairman. 
 Ciiauncey M. Depew, Thomas S. Moore, 
 
 Charles W. Dayton, Clifford Stanley Sims, 
 
 Josiah M. Fisk, Erastus Wiman, 
 
 James Duane Livingston, Secretary. 
 No. 9.— ART. 
 Henry G. Marquand, Chairman. 
 
 H. H. Boyesen, 
 John L. Cadwalader, 
 A. W. Drake, 
 Wm. E. Dodge, 
 Gordon L. Ford, 
 Daniel Huntington, 
 Chas. Henry Hart, 
 
 Frank D. Millet 
 Charles Parsons, 
 Oliver H. Perry, 
 Chas. H. Russell, Jr., 
 F Hopkinson Smith, 
 Rutherford Stuyvesant, 
 Lispenard Stewart, 
 
 Richard W. Gilder, Secretary. 
 No. 10.— LITERARY EXERCISES. 
 
 Clarence W. Bowen, Elbridge T. Gerry. 
 
:i i 
 
 COMMITTEE ON THE CENTENNIAL OF WASHINGTON'S INAUOURATIOK. 
 
 Ghables H. Adams, 
 Charles F. Allen, 
 E. Elleky Anderson, 
 Chester Alan Arthur, 
 
 WM. WaUDOBT AsTOR, 
 
 RlCnARD T. Auchmuty, 
 John' J. Astoe, Je., 
 Samuel D. Babcook, 
 John S. Baenes, 
 S. L. M. Baelow, 
 Waeeen C. Beach, 
 Feedeeick A. Benjamin, 
 J. W. Beekman, 
 War. B. Beekman, 
 Robert L. Belknap, 
 George Bliss, 
 Coenelixjs N. Bliss, 
 John H. Bird, 
 William H. Bissell, 
 Samuel Borrows, 
 Edwin Booth, 
 H. H. Boyesen, 
 Clarence W. Bowen, 
 James M. Brown, 
 James J. Burnet, 
 Allan Campbell, 
 John L. Cadwalader, 
 Jacob A. Cantor, 
 James C. Carter, 
 Henry Guy Carleton, 
 Alfred C. Cheney, 
 Alexander J. Clinton, 
 Floyd Clarkson, 
 Frederick Clarkson, 
 Banyer Clarkson, 
 John Clafi.in, 
 Charles A. Coe, 
 Moncure D. Conway, 
 Alfred R. Conkling, 
 Washington E. Connor, 
 James M. Constable, 
 Edward Cooper, 
 John Cochrane, 
 Frederick R. Coudert, 
 Edwin A. Cruikshank, 
 S. Van Rensselaer Cruge 
 William Henry Crosby, 
 W. Bayard Cutting, 
 Harrison Clark, 
 John D. Crimmins, 
 
 GENEKAL 
 
 Charles P. Daly, 
 Charles W. Dayton, 
 Richard T. Dayies, 
 
 ClIAUNCEY M. DEPEW, 
 
 F. J. De Peystee, 
 E. F. De Lancey, 
 George G. De Witt, 
 Richard V. De Witt, 
 L. P. Di Cesnola, 
 Morgan Dix, 
 William E. Dodge, 
 A. W. Drake, 
 Franklin Edson, 
 Edw. M. L. Ehlers, 
 Thomas Addis Emmet, 
 Henry Erben, 
 William M. Evarts, 
 
 LoYALL FARRAGUT 
 STU YVES ANT FlSH, 
 
 Hamilton Fish, 
 Louis Fitzgerald, 
 JosiAn M. Fiske, 
 H. C. Fahnestock, 
 Gordon L. Ford, 
 Frederick Gallatin, 
 Asa Bird Gardiner, 
 George Clinton Genet, 
 William H. Gedney, 
 Elbridge T. Gerry, 
 RicnARD W. Gilder, 
 Ogden Goelet, 
 Robert Goelet, 
 Hugh J. Grant, 
 William R. Grace, 
 George G. Haven, 
 Schuyler Hamilton, 
 William G. Hamilton, 
 Chas. Henry Hart, 
 Charles Hauselt, 
 Abram S. Hewitt, 
 Edmund Hendricks, 
 Frank Hiscock 
 Daniel Huntington, 
 James W. Husted, 
 Henry B. Hyde, 
 
 :,Cn ARLES IsHAM, 
 
 Adrian Iselin, 
 Brayton Ives, 
 Joseph C. Jackson, 
 D. Willis James, 
 
 COMMITTEE : 
 
 William Jay, 
 John Jay, 
 JonN D. W. Jones, 
 S. NicnoLsoN Kane, 
 William Linn Keese, 
 Eugene Kelly, 
 John A. King, 
 Rufus King, 
 Alex. Knox, 
 John J. Knox, 
 Frank R. Lawrence, 
 Arthur Leary, 
 Henry B. Ledyaed, 
 Henry W. LeRoy, 
 Johnston Livingston, 
 James D. Livingston, 
 Seth Low, 
 Edward V. Loew, 
 
 H. G. Marquand, 
 Ward McAllister, 
 Frank D. Millet, 
 Darius O. Mills, 
 Jacob B. Moore, 
 TnoMAs S. Moore, 
 
 I. M. Montgomery, 
 Gouverneur Morris, 
 Louis G. Morris, 
 
 J. Pieerepont Morgan, 
 Theodore W. Myers, 
 Thomas H. Newbold, 
 De Lancey Nicoll, 
 Stephen H. Olin, 
 Oswald Ottendorfer, 
 Charles Parsons, 
 Oliver H. Perry, 
 George H. Pendleton, 
 John B. Pine, 
 John J. Pieerepont, 
 John F. Plummer, 
 William M. Polk, 
 Orlando B. Potter, 
 F. W. Rhinelander, 
 Robert R. Roosevelt, 
 Theodore Roosevelt, 
 J. Hampden Robb, 
 Wm. II. Robertson, 
 Chas. H. Russell, Jr., 
 Robert Rutter, 
 Robert Schell, 
 Edward Schell, 
 
 F. A. Schermerhorn, 
 John Schuyler, 
 Philip Schuyler, 
 Jesse Seligman, 
 Clarence A. Seward, 
 Robt. H. Shannon, 
 Gardiner Sherman, 
 Jackson S. Shultz, 
 Clifford S. Sims, 
 J. Edward Simmons, 
 John Sloane, 
 William D. Sloane, 
 Henry L. Slote, 
 James D. Smith, 
 F. Hopkinson Smith, 
 William C. Smith, 
 William Steinway, 
 Richard H. Stoddard, 
 William E. D. Stokes, 
 Rutherford Stuyvesant, 
 Lispenard Stewart, 
 Walter Stanton, 
 John A. Stevens, 
 Myles Standish, 
 William L. Strong, 
 F. S. Tallmadge, 
 
 F. D. Tappan, 
 Daniel F. Tieman, 
 John C. Tomlinson, 
 John J. Tucker, 
 Cornelius Vanderbilt, 
 Wm. K. Vanderbilt, 
 T. C Van Buren, 
 
 J. S. Van Courtland, 
 J. T. Van Rensselaer, 
 JonN Barnes Variok, 
 James M. Varnum, 
 Andrew Warner, 
 Alexander S. Webb, 
 
 G. Creighton Webb, 
 John A. Weekes, 
 Erastus Wiman, 
 Locke W. Winchester, 
 Wm. II. Wickham, 
 Richard T. Wilson, 
 Buchanan Winthrop, 
 Edgerton L. Winthrop, 
 James Grant Wilson, 
 George Wilson, 
 Stephen M. Wright. 
 
COMMITTEES ON THE CENTENNIAL OF WASHINGTON'S INAUGURATION 
 
 31 
 
 SPECIAL COMMITTEES: 
 
 ST. PAUL'S CHURCH SPECIAL COMMITTEE. 
 
 Rev. Dh. Morgan Dix, S. Van Rensselaer Cexjger, 
 Richard T. Auohmlty, William Jay. 
 
 Frederick Clark son. 
 AISLE COMMITTEE.— ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL. 
 
 David Augustus Clarkson, Chairman, a descendant of 
 Chancellor Livingston. Warden in 1785, and of David 
 Clarkson, Warden in 1770. 
 
 Howland Pell, Secretary, a descendant of John Pell, 
 Lord of the Manor of Pelham. 1669. 
 
 Hallejt Alsop Borrows, representing the llallett and 
 Alsop families. 
 
 Temple Bowdoin, a descendant of Gen. Alexander Ham- 
 ilton. 
 
 Amory Sibley Carhart, a great-great-grandson of Maj. 
 Cornelius Carhart and of Col. Joseph Beavers, of the Rev. 
 olutionary Army. 
 
 Banyek Clarkson, a descendant of Chief -Justice Jay, 
 Warden in 1789, and of Gen. Matthew Clarkson. Vestry- 
 man m 1789. 
 
 John Langdon Erving great-great-grandson of John 
 Langdon, First President pro tern, of the Senate. 
 
 Dr. John Clarkson Jay, great-grandson of Chief- 
 Justice John Jay. 
 
 Edward A. Le Roy, Jr., a descendant of Jacob Le Roy 
 Vestryman. 
 
 Philip L. Livingston, a great-great-grandson of Philip 
 Livingston, Signer of the Declaration of Independence. 
 
 Edward de Peyster Livingston, a descendant of 
 Chancellor Robert R. Livingston. 
 
 William Bard McVickar. a descendant of Dr. Samuel 
 Bard, President of the College of Physicians and Surgeons 
 in New York, and Vestryman in 1788. 
 
 Richard Malcolm Montgomery, a descendant cf Gen. 
 Wm. Malcolm, colonel commanding 2d N. Y., 1776 to 
 1778. Vestryman Trinity Church. Brigadier-General 
 commanding militia New York and Richmond coun- 
 ties at Inauguration of Washington. 
 
 Newbold Morris, great-great-grandson of Louis Morris, 
 Signer of the Declaration of Independence. 
 
 Ludlow Ogden, representing the Ludlow and Ogden 
 families. 
 
 T. J. Oakley Rhinei.axdek, great-grandson of Henry 
 Cruger. 
 
 Winthrop Rutherford, a descendant of Col. John Ruth- 
 erford, of the Revolution, and Vestryman in 1787. 
 
 William H. Russell, .a descendant of the Alexander 
 a'nd Russell families. 
 
 Samuel Ai-chmuty Tucker, a descendant of the Rev. 
 Dr. Samuel Auchmuty, Rector from 1764 to 1777. 
 
 Augustus Van Cortlandt. Jr.., great-great-grandson 
 of Augustus Van Cortlandt, Vestryman in 1784. ■ 
 
 Charles Van Rensselaer, representing the Van Rensse- 
 laer family. 
 
 Robert T. Yarnim, representing Gen. James M. Var- 
 uum. 
 
 John Tillotson Wainwright, eat-great-grandson of 
 Chancellor Livingston. 
 J. Lguis Webb, grandson of Gen. Samuel B. Webb. 
 
 PLATFORM COMMITTEE.— SUB-TREASURY. 
 
 Johnston Livingston De Peystfu, Chairman, 
 Frank S. WitherBee, Se&y, Gafdner Sherman, 
 Louis H. Livingston. W. E. D. Stokes, 
 
 G. Creighton Webb, Lispenard Stewart. 
 
 Nicholas Fish. Charles H. Russell, Jr., 
 
 Arthur de Windt, Alfred R. Conkling, 
 
 T. B. Bleeoker, William Cary Sanger, 
 
 William Pierson Hamilton, John Anthon. 
 Brooks Adams, J. Lawrence Aspinwai.l. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson Coolidge, Jr. 
 MILITARY ORDER OF THE LEGION OF HONOR 
 OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Alex. S. Webb, Brevet Major-General late U. S. A. 
 
 John Cochrane, late Brig. -General, U. S. Vols. 
 
 L. P. Di Cesnola, late Colonel U. S. Vols. 
 
 Floyd Clarkson, late Brevet Lieut. -Col. U. S. Vols. 
 
 Loyall Farragut, late Second Lieut. U. S. A. 
 
 COMMITTEE OF TEN CLERGYMEN. 
 
 Episcopal — Brown, Rev. J.W..D.D., St. Thomas' Church; 
 Donald, Rev. E. W., D.D., Church of the Ascension. 
 
 Roman Catholic— Martin J. Brophy. 
 
 Dutch Reform — Chambers. Rev. Talbot W., D.D., 
 
 ~enior Pastor Collegiate Dutch Church. 
 
 Presbyterian— Hall, Rev. John. D.D , Pastor Fifth 
 Avenue Church. 
 
 Methodist — King, Rev. J.M., D D., Park Aveuue Church. 
 
 Baptist — McArthur, Rev. R. S., D.D., Calvary Church. 
 
 Hebrew — Gottheil, Rev. Gustav, Rabbi, Temple Emaou- 
 El. 
 
 Lutheran — Krotel, Rev. G. F., D.D., Pastor Evangelical 
 Lutheran Church. 
 
 Congregational — Taylor, Rev. Wm. M , D.D., Broad- 
 way Tabernacle. 
 
 Ward, Rev. William Hayes, D.D , LL.D , Editor of 
 Independent. 
 
COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Gov. B. T. Biggs, Hon Thomas P. Bayahd. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 Gov. James A. Beaver, John W. Woodsidk. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Gov. Rout. 8. Green, Hon. Alex. T. MoGill. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 Gov. John B. Gordon. 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Gov. Morgan ft. Buckei.ey, Henry C. Sturges, 
 Maj. John C. Kinney, Maj.-Gen. A. H. Terkv, 
 Hon. Geo. P. McLean, Prof. Chas. F. Johnson, 
 Hon. Frank E. Hy t de, Prof. Simeon E. Baldwin, 
 
 Hon. Alexander Warner, Dr. P. E. V. Ellsworth, 
 Jonathan Trumbull. 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 Gov. Oliver Ames, Hon. W. A. Towbe, 
 
 Gen. S. Dai.ton. 
 MARYLAND. 
 Gov. E. E. Jackson, Albert Ritchie, 
 
 Ex-Gov. Henry Li.oyd, Ex-Gov. Oden Bowie, 
 Hon. John Carroll "Walsh, Col. H. Kyd Douglass, 
 Hon. John. H. B. Latrobe, Col. S. E. Blunt. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 i 
 
 Gov. John P. Richardson, Hon. James A. Hoyt. 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Gov. C. H. Sawyer, J. Albert Walker, 
 
 Hon. Samuel C. Eastman, Charles H. Amsden, 
 Stillson Hutchins, Elisha R. Brown. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 Gov. Fitz-Hugh Lee, Judge Waller R. Staples, 
 
 Ex-Gov. James L. Kemper, Hon. Holmes Conrad, 
 Judge W. W. Crump, Capt. Phil. McKinney, 
 
 Hon. J. Randolph Tucker, Col. Walter H. Taylor. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 Gov. David B. Hill, Lieut.-Gov. E. F. Jones. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 Gov. Daniel Gould Fowle, Col. J. A. Farney, 
 Col. W. F. Beabley, Col. R. O. Gregory. 
 
 Hon. James E. Moore, Hon. C. C. Clark, 
 Col. Frank Coxe, John P. Caldwell, 
 
 Capt. E. R. Stamps, Julian F. Carr. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 Gov. Royal C. Taft, Gen. Elisha Dyer, Je. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 Gov. Simon B. Buckner, Ex-Gov. .'J. R. Hindman, 
 John C. Latham, Hon. CA88IU8 M. Clay, Jr., 
 
 lion. Henry D. McHenry, Mayor Ciias. Reed, 
 Hon. Henry C. McDowell, Hon. W. H. Thomas, 
 Hon. A. S. Berry, Hon. W. H. Yost, 
 
 Hon. Wilbur F. Browder, Hon. Samuel Stone. 
 Col. John H. Ward, Hon. A. J. DeJarnette, 
 
 Gen. T. T. Garrard, Hon. John Mason Brown, 
 
 Hon. J. K. Hendrick, Hon. John Feland. 
 
 Hon. Chas. D. Jacob, Hon. W. C. Goodloe, 
 
 Col. A.-W. Hamilton, Judge J. II. Tinsley, 
 Col. Walter A. Harkins, Judge William Lindsay. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 Gov. Wm. P. Dillingham. Hon. L. G. Kingsley, 
 
 Hon. Levi S. Fuller. Hon. J. Gregory Smith, 
 
 Gen. Theodore S. Peck, Gen. P. P. Pitkin 
 
 Gen. J. G. McCoulloch C. A. Ford, 
 
 Hon. Franklin Fairbanks, Lt.-Gov. W. A. Woodbuey. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 Hon. A. S. Colyar. Hon. John B. Stokeley, 
 
 Hon. A. S. Demobs, Hon. M. M. Hope, 
 
 Hon. J. W. Clapp, Hon. Samuel W. Hawkins, 
 
 Hon. Luke E. Weight, Rt. Rev. C. T. Quintakd, 
 Hon. S. J. Kirkpatriok, Gen. G. P. Thurston, 
 John M. Lea. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 Gov. Joseph B. Foraker, Hon. John W. Hereon, 
 Hou. Rutherford B. Hayes. Hon. Clinton D. Firestone, 
 Hon. Asa S. Busiinell, Hon. Myron T. IIerriok, 
 Hon. William S. Groesbec K.Hon. Selwyn N. Owen. 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 Gov. Francis T. Nicholls. 
 INDIANA. 
 
 Gov. Alvin T. Hovey, Hon. R. W. Thompson, 
 Hon.CiiARLEs W. Fairbanks, Hon. John A. IIolman. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 Att'y-Gen. T. M. Miller, Judge S. R. Bertron, 
 Judge S. S. Calhoun, Judge John M. Turner. 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 Gov. Joseph W. Fifer, John B. Drake. 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 Gov. Thomas Seay, Francis B. Claek 
 
COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 33 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 Gov. Edwin C. Burleigh, Hon. Patson Tuokee, 
 
 Hon. Selden Connor, 
 lion. John A. Peters, 
 Hon. Atremas Libbet, 
 Hon. Arthur Sewaxl, 
 Hon. W. L. Putnam. 
 
 Hon. Lewis Barker, 
 Hon. Charles F. Libbey, 
 Hon. Chas. J. Chapman, 
 Hon. Chas. F. Bragg, 
 Hon. Fkederiok A. Powers, 
 Hon. Frederick Robie. 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 Gov. David B. Francis, Gen. Terman A. Rotier. 
 Hon. D. II. Armstrong, Gen. B. G. Boon, 
 Gen. D. M. Frost, Hon. Rufus Anderson, 
 
 Ex-Gov. E. O. Stannard, Dr. E. A. Donlix, 
 Hon. Charles B. McAfee, Benjamin Tureman, 
 Hon. Henry C. Kumpf. 
 ARKANSAS. 
 Gov. James P. Eagle, Hon. M. L. Bell, 
 Judge B. J. Brown, Hon. Ben.j. F. Duvall, 
 
 Gen. D. W. Jones, Hon. James C. Tappan, 
 
 Hon. John Rose, Hon. Paul Jones, 
 
 Hon. O. W. Watkins. 
 MICHIGAN. 
 Gov. C. G. Luce, Hon. Thos. W. Ferry, 
 
 Henry B. Ledyabd, Pnn. Parson, 
 
 Col. Henry M. Duffiei.d, A. B. Turner, 
 J. B. Mulliken. 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 John G Burbridge, Gen. William Miller 
 
 Albert W. Gilchrist. 
 TEXAS. 
 
 Hon. John Hancock, 
 Hon. W. W. Cleveland, 
 Hon. Samuel Maverick. 
 IOWA. 
 
 Gov. William Larrabee, Hon. James Harlan. 
 
 WISCONSIN. 
 Gov. William Hoard, Hon. Horace Rublee, 
 Hon. T. R. Hudd, Ogden H. Fethers. 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 Senator L. A. Stanford, Congressman Briggs, 
 Senator J. G. Hearst, Congressman Thompson, 
 
 Congressman W.W.Marrow, Congressman Vandever, 
 Congressman Felton, Congressman Waterman. 
 
 Congressman MoKenna, Hon. C. N. Fenton. 
 
 MINNESOTA. 
 Gov. William R. Merriam, Lieut.-Gov. A. E. Rice, 
 Alexander M. Peabody. 
 
 OREGON. 
 Gov. Sylvester Pennoyer. 
 KANSAS. 
 
 Hon. Eugene F. Ware, Col. W. B. Stone, 
 Capt. George R. Peck, Maj. Calvin Hood, 
 Hon. Charles K. Wells, Capt. Perry Hutchinson, 
 Hon. D. E. Cornell, Hon. A. H. Ellis, 
 
 Col. H. W. Lewis. 
 
 WEST VIRGINIA. 
 
 Hon. Henry S. Walker, Hon. J. J. Woods, 
 
 Joe H. Stewart, 
 Hon. Henry Exall, 
 Hon. Peter Smith, 
 
 Hon. W. V. Thompson, 
 Hon. P. T. Duffy, 
 Hon. B. S. Morgan, 
 Hon. Alfred Caldwell, 
 Hon. R. P. Chew, 
 Hon. D. B. Lucas, 
 Hon. B. C. Washington, 
 Hon. Joseph Sprigg, 
 Hon. S. L. Flournoy, 
 Hon. John J. Davis, 
 Col. J. W. St. Clair, 
 Gov. J. B. Jackson, 
 
 Hon. H. J. Samuels, 
 Eustace Gibson, 
 Hon. John W. Arbuckle, 
 Hon. J. B. Taney, 
 Col. A. A. Franzheim, 
 Hon. J. C. Alderson, 
 Hon. Henry C. Davis, 
 Gen. E. L. Ward, 
 Hon. N. B. Scott, 
 Hon. Edwin Maxwell, 
 Hon. P. W. Morris, 
 Gen. J. H. Duvall, 
 
 Gen. C. B. Hart. 
 NEVADA. 
 Hon. H. F. Bartine. 
 NEBRASKA. 
 Gov. John M. Thayer, Hon. John L. Webster 
 COLORADO. 
 
 Gov. J. A. Cooper, 
 Hon. Ed. C. Woloott, 
 
 Hon. Benj. F. Crowell, 
 Charles B. Kountze. 
 
 ALASKA. 
 
 Thomas Shepard Nowell. 
 ARIZONA. 
 
 Gov. Lewis Wolfley, John M. Evans. 
 
 DAKOTA. 
 
 Gov. Arthur C. Mellette. 
 
 IDAHO. 
 
 Hon. Frederick T. Dubois. 
 
 MONTANA. 
 
 Gov. Benj. F. White, Russell B. Harrison, 
 
 Ex-Gov. S. T. Hansen, 
 
 Hon. W. A. Clarke. 
 
 NEW MEXICO. 
 
 Gov. L. Bradford Prince. 
 
 UTAH. 
 
 J. E. DOOLEY. 
 
 WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 
 
 Gov. Mils* C. Moore, Watson C. Squire 
 
 Samuel A. Wheelwright, J. J. Browne. 
 
 WYOMING. 
 
 Frank S. Lusk. 
 INDIAN TERRITORY. 
 Gen. Pleasant Porter. 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 Pres't of Commissioners, W. B. Webb. 
 
PROGRAMME. 
 
 Wednesday, April 17th. 
 
 I. Formal opening of the Loan Exhibition of Historical 
 Portraits and Relics in the Assembly Rooms of the Metro- 
 politan Opera Honse, at 8:80 p. m. The Loan Exhibition 
 will be open to the public on Thursday, April 18th. and 
 remain open, Sundays excepted, from 10 a. m. to 6 v. m., 
 and from 7 p. m. to 10 p. m., until Wednesday, May 8th. 
 Admission fee, fifty cents. 
 
 Monday, April 29th. 
 
 II. The Naval Parade will take place in New York Har- 
 bor, from 11 a. M. to 1 p. m. 
 
 The Governors, Commissioners of States, and other 
 guests with ladies invited by the Committee on States and 
 the members of the General Committee will embark at 9:30 
 \. M., on the steamer " Erastus Wiman" at ferry slip foot 
 of West 23d St., New York City, to receive the President, 
 and to meet the President's steamer off Elizabethport. 
 Admittance by special Blue ticket. 
 
 On the arrival of President Harrison and the Cabinet 
 officers, and other officials of distinction, at Elizabethport, 
 at 11 o'clock Monday morning, the party will at once em- 
 bark for New York City. The President and immediate 
 Suite will be received by the Committee on Navy, and un- 
 der their direction will embark on the President's steamer 
 provided by that Committee. 
 
 The steamer " Sirius," under the management of the 
 Committee on Navy, will receive at Elizabethport other 
 guests and official personages of the Presidential p Tty who 
 cannot be accommodated on the President's steamer. Ad- 
 mission to steamer " Sirius" will be by Red ticket. 
 The line of United States ships of war, yachts and steam- 
 boats will be formed in the upper Bay under Admiral 
 David D. Porter, U. S. N., as Chief Marshal, and will be 
 reviewed by the President. 
 
 On the arrival of the Presidential party in the East 
 River, opposite Wall Street, a barge manned by a crew 
 of ship masters from the Marine Society of the Port 
 of New York, with Captain Ambrose Snow, President 
 of that Society, as coxswain, will row the President 
 ashore. The crew of the barge that rowed President 
 Washington from Elizabethport to the foot of Wall 
 Street were members of the same Society. The 
 steamers "Erastus Wiman" and " Sirius," prior to the de- 
 barkation of the President, will land at Pier l(i, Wall 
 Street, the guests for the Reception at the Equitable 
 Building, and proceed with the remaining passengers to 
 West 23d Street Ferry and West 22d Street. 
 
 HI. On arriving at foot of Wall Street the President of 
 the United States will be received by the Governor of the 
 State of New York, the Mayor of the City of New York, 
 the Hon. Hamilton Fish, President of the Committee, and 
 William G. Hamilton, Chairman of the Committee on 
 States. 
 
 The President and other guests will next be escorted to 
 the Equitable Building, where a reception and collation 
 will be tendered them by the Committee on States. 
 The procession will be formed as follows: 
 
 Brevet Lt.-Col. Floyd Clarkson, Marshal. 
 Band 5th Regt. U. S. Artillery. 
 Three foot batteries 5th Regt. U. S. Artillery. 
 New York Commandery of the Loyal Legi jn of the U. S. 
 Commanders of Posts of ihe Grand Army of the Republic 
 in counties of New York and Kings. 
 Cappa's Band. 
 
 Uniformed Battalion of Veterans 7th Regt. N. G. S. N. Y. 
 Uniformed Veteran Militia Associations of New York and 
 
 Brooklyn. 
 
 Band of the General Service, U. S. Army. 
 Society of the Sons of the Revolution. 
 
 The General Committee of the Centennial Celebration. 
 
 The President of the United States, the Governor of 
 the State of New York, the Mayor of the City of New York, 
 and the Hon. Hamilton Fish, President of the Committee, 
 flanked by th barge crew from the Marine Society of the 
 Port of New York. 
 
 The Vice-President of the United States and Lieut.- 
 Governor of the State of New York. 
 
 The Secretaries of State, Treasury, War, and Navy of 
 the United States. 
 
 The Secretary of the Interior, the Postmaster-General, 
 the Attorney General, and the Secretary of Agriculture of 
 the United States. 
 
 The Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court of the United 
 States. 
 
 The Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the 
 United States, and Judges of other Federal Courts. 
 
 The Governors of States, taking precedence in the 
 order of admission of their states into the Union. 
 
 The official representation of the Senate of the United 
 States. 
 
 The official representation of the House of Representa- 
 tives of the United States* 
 
 The Governors of Territories and President of the 
 Board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia, 
 
PROGRAMME. 
 
 SS 
 
 taking precedence in the order of establishment of their 
 territorial governments. 
 
 The Admiral of the Navy; General Sherman ; the Ma- 
 jor-General commanding the Army; and officers of the 
 Army and Navy who by name have received the thanks of 
 Congress. 
 
 The official representation of the Society of the Cincin- 
 nati. 
 
 The Chief Judge and Judges of the Court of Appeals 
 of the State of New York. 
 
 The Presiding Justice and Justices of the Supreme 
 Court of the State of New York and Judges of other 
 Courts of Record within the City of New York. 
 
 The Legislature of the State of New York. 
 
 The State Officers of the State of New York. 
 
 Judges and Justices of other Courts in the City of New 
 Y rk. 
 
 The Board of Aldermen of the City of New York. 
 
 Heads of Departments in the City of New York. 
 
 Mayor of the City of Brooklyn. 
 
 The Board of Aldermen of the City of Brooklyn. 
 
 The Foreign Consuls at New York, and officers of the 
 Army and Navy of the United States. 
 
 Invited guests, without special order of precedence. 
 
 The distance from the landing at the foot of Wall St. 
 to the Equitab e Building being but a few blocks, the pro- 
 cession will proceed on foot from the landing at Wall St. 
 to the Equitable Building, carriages being only provided 
 for the President and his immediate party. At the recep- 
 tion in the Equitable Building the President with his Cab- 
 inet, the Governors of the States, the Governor of the State 
 of New York and the Mayor of the City of New York will 
 have presented to them the guests who will pass and bow 
 to the President and party without shaking hands (as was 
 the custom at the reception of Washington in 1789). The 
 reception will last from 2 to 3:30 o'clock. Admission only 
 by Buff ticket. 
 
 IV. From 4 to 5:30 o'clock a public reception will be 
 given to the President of the United States in the Govern- 
 or's Room in the City Hall ; the President, the Governor 
 of the State of New York, and the Mayor of the City of 
 New York proceeding under military e-cort. 
 
 At the steps of the City Hall a representation of girls 
 from the Public Schools will assemble and welcome the 
 President of the United States. 
 
 V. In the evening at nine o'clock the Centennial Ball 
 will be given in the Metropolitan Opera House. ", he fol- 
 lowing is the programme : 
 
 The Mayor of the City of New York, as host and as 
 Chairman of the Committee on the Centennial Celebration 
 of the Inauguration of George Washington as President of 
 the United States, to arrive at the Metropolitan Opera 
 House at a quarter past ten p. m. , and at half-past ten to 
 
 receive the President of the United States and other distin- 
 guished guests. 
 
 The President to be brought to the Ball by the Chair- 
 m n of the Committee on Entertainment, acconipanicd by 
 the Governor of the State of New York and Mrs. Harri- 
 son, the Vice-President and Mrs. Morton, the Lieutenant- 
 Governor and Mrs. Jones. 
 
 The Manager of the Ball to meet the President at his 
 carriage and conduct him into the building, where the 
 formal reception by the Mayor will take place. 
 
 After t e reception the guests above named will be 
 conducted to the floor in the following order, escorted 
 by a guard of honor : 
 
 The Mayor, The President, The Governor. 
 
 The Vice-President and Mrs. Harrison. 
 The Lieutenant-Governor and Mrs. Morton. 
 The President of the General Committee and Mrs. Jones. 
 
 In front of the President's box the Chairman of the 
 Committee on Entertainment will present to the President 
 the Chairman of the Executive Committee and the mem- 
 bers of the Committee on Entertainment and of the Com- 
 mittee on Plan and Scope. 
 
 After the presentation, the opening Quadrille will be 
 formed by the Manager of the Ball. 
 
 At Midnight the President and party will be escorted 
 in the above order to the supper room, which order will 
 be observed on returning. Th : serving of wine will cease 
 at one o'clock a.m., in compliance with the law. 
 
 Tuesday, April 30th. 
 
 VI. Services of Thanksgiving, pursuant to the Proc- 
 lamation of the President, will be held in the churches in 
 New York and throughout the country at 9 a.m., being 
 the hour at which religious services were held in New 
 York City on April 30th, 1789. 
 
 VII. A special service of thanksgiving will be held in 
 St. Paul's Chapel at 9 o'clock, which the President and 
 other distinguished guests will attend. This service will 
 be conducted by the Right Rev. Henry C. Potter, D.D., 
 LL.D., Bishop of New York, as the service on the day of 
 Washington's Inauguration in 1789 was conducted by the 
 Bishop of New York, the Right Rev. Samuel Provoost. 
 Admission only by Lavender ticket. 
 
 The Committee of the Vestry of Trinity Church will 
 meet the President at the Vesey Street gate and escort him 
 to the west porch of the chapel, where he will be received 
 by th': rector and the full vestry. The President will then 
 be escorted to the Washington pew, and on his with- 
 drawal from the chapel the Vestry will escort him to the 
 west porch, where he will be received by the Committee 
 on Literary Exercises. 
 
 The services at St. Paul's Chapel will be as follows : 
 
 1. Processional Hymn. 
 
 2. Our Father, etc. 
 
96 
 
 PROGRAMME. 
 
 Psalm lxxxr. 
 4 First Lesson, Eeclcs. xlir. 
 5. Te Deum. 
 
 (5. Second Lesson. St. John viii. 
 
 7. Benedicite. 
 
 8. Creed and Prayers. • \ 
 
 0. Address by the Rt. Rev. Henry C. Potter, Bishop 
 
 of New York. ^ 
 10. Recessional Hymn. 
 
 VIII. At the close of the religious services, at 9:45 
 a.m., the President and party will proceed to the Sub- 
 Treasury Building, at the corner of Wall and Nassau 
 Streets, the scene of the Inauguration ceremony on April 
 30th, 1789, where the Literary Exercises will take place. 
 These exercises will begin 10 at a.m., and will consist of an 
 Invocation by the Rev. Richard S. Storrs, D.D., LL.D.; a 
 Poem by John Greenleaf Whittier ; an Oration by Chaun- 
 cey Mitchell Depew, LL.D.; an Address by the President 
 of the United States, and the Benediction by the Most Rev. 
 Michael Augustine Corrigan, Archbishop of New York. 
 
 IX. At the conclusion of the Literary Exercises the 
 President and members of the Cabinet, the Chief-Justice 
 and Associate Justices of the United States will be driven 
 to the Reviewing Stand at Madison Square to review the 
 parade. Other guests will be carried to the reviewing 
 stands by a special train on the Third Avenue Elevated 
 Railroad, which will start at Hanover Square and run 
 to the 23d Street station. 
 
 X. While the Literary Exercises are taking place the 
 Military will move from the head of Wall Street and 
 Broadway. The Column, under Major-General John M. 
 Schofield, U. S. A., as Chief Marshal, will be com- 
 posed of the Cadets from the Military Academy of 
 West Point, the Naval Cadets from Annapolis, the 
 Troops of the Regular Army and Navy, and the Na- 
 tional Guard of each State in the order in which the 
 States ratified the Constitution or were admitted into the 
 Union. These will be followed by the Military Order 
 of the Loyal Legion and the posts of the Grand Army of 
 the Republic. 
 
 XI. The route of the procession will be up Broadway 
 to Waverly Place, through Waverly Place to Fifth Ave- 
 
 nue, thene up Fifth Avenue to 57111 Street. The Review- 
 ing Stand will be on the East side of Fifth Avenue on Mad- 
 ison Square, extending from 23d to 20th Streets. 
 
 The other stands will be as follows : 
 
 f. On the West side of Fifth Avenue from 24th to 
 25th Streets. 
 
 2. On the West side of Fifth Avenue from 40th to 42d 
 
 Streets. 
 
 3. On the North side of Washington Square. 
 
 4. On the East side of Broadway at the City Hall Park. 
 
 XII. The Centennial Banquet will take place at the 
 Metropolitan Opera House at 6:30 p.m. 
 
 XIII. At 8 p.m. there will be, at the Reviewing Stand, 
 Madison Square, a free open-air Concert of vocal and in- 
 strumental music, under the auspices of the German 
 Americans of New York. 
 
 XIV. During the evening there will be a general illu- 
 mination of the city and display of fireworks in the fol- 
 lowing localities : 
 
 T impkins Square, Canal Street Park, Washington 
 Square, Union Square, 59th Street and Eighth Avenue, 
 Mount Morris Park, East River Park (80th Street), Wash- 
 ington Heights, and places in the Twenty-third and Twen- 
 ty-fourth Wards not yet determined. 
 
 Wednesday, May 1st. 
 
 XV. The Industrial and Civic Parade, under command 
 of Major-Gen. Daniel Buttertield, late U. S. Vols., Chief 
 Marshal, will take place. The line of march will be from 
 57th Street clown Fifth Avenue to Waverly Place ; up 
 Waverly Place to Broadway: and down Broadway to Canal 
 Street. The procession will start at 10 a. m. 
 
 Wednesday, May 8th. 
 Close of the Loan Exhibition of Historical Portraits 
 and Relics in the Assembly Rooms of the Metropolitan 
 Opera House. 
 
 Officers of the Army and Navy and persons occupying 
 official positions are requested to appear in full uniform. 
 
 Deceased Members of Committee of Two Hundred : 
 — Thomas W. Chrtstie, John T. Hoffman, W. Otis Mon- 
 roe, Gustav Schwab, Robert E. Livingston. 
 
1 
 
 < 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 Wednesday, April 17. 
 
 Formal Opening* of the Loan Exhibition of Historical Portraits in the Assembly 
 
 Booms of the Metropolitan Opera House, a' 8:30 p. M. 
 
 Monday , April 29. 
 
 Arrival Of President and Cabinet at 11 a. m. at Elizabethport, where they will 
 
 embark for the foot of Wall Street, New York on the United States steamer Despatch. 
 
 Naval Parade of United States ships-of-war, steamboats and yachts, from Li a. 
 
 m. till 2 P. M. 
 
 Reception and Luncheon to the Presidential party in the Equitable 
 
 Building, from 2 to 3:30 p. if. 
 
 Public Reception in the Governor's Room in the City Hall from 4 to 5:30 P. M. 
 The Centennial Ball at the Metropolitan Opera House at 9 p. M. 
 
 Tuesday, April 30. 
 
 Service at St. Paul's Church at 9 a. m. 
 
 Literary Exercises at the Sub-Treasury building - at 10 a. M. 
 
 Prayer— REV. DR. R. S. STORRS. 
 
 Poem — JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER. 
 
 Oration— CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW. 
 
 Address— PRESIDENT HARRISON. 
 
 Benediction — ARCHBISHOP CORRIGAN. 
 Military Parade, under the command of Major-Gen. JohnM. Schofield, U. S. A 
 The Banquet will be given in the Metropolitan Opera House at 6:30 p. it. 
 Open Air Concert at the Grand Stand on Madison Square. 
 
 Wednesday, May 1. 
 
 The Industrial and Civic Parade will take place. 
 
 Wednesday, May S. 
 
 Close of the Loan Exhibition. 
 
 1 . -fL 
 I