North of the Yangtze 
 
 The North Kiangsu Mission of the Presbyterian Church 
 in the United States 
 
 Rev. Henry F. Williams 
 
 
 Published by the 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN COMMITTEE OF PUBLICATION 
 
 Richmond, Virginia 
 Texarkana, Ark.=Tex. 
 
LIST OF 
 
 Missionary Booklets 
 
 Covering the Work of the 
 
 Southern Presbyterian Church, 
 
 By REV. H. F. WILLIAMS. 
 
 Editor of The Missionary. 
 
 1 — Along the Grand Canal (our Mid-China Mission). 
 
 2 — North of the Yangtze (our North Kiangsu Mission). 
 
 3 — In the Hermit Land (our Korea Mission). 
 
 4 — In the Mikado’s Empire (our Japan Mission). 
 
 5 — In Mexico and Cuba (our Near-Home Missons). 
 
 6 — In South America (our Missions in Brazil). 
 
 7 — In the Congo (our Mission in Africa). 
 
 Price, 5 cents each, Postpaid. 
 
 In Four Continents (Text-Book 1911-12) — The 
 Foreign Mission Work of the Southern Presbyterian 
 Church. Cloth, 50c. Paper, 35c. 
 
 FOR OUTLINE OF THIS BOOK, WITH HELPS, SEE PAGE 32. 
 
 Published by the 
 
 Presbyterian Committee of Pubhcation, 
 
 RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. TEXARKANA, ARK.-TEX. 
 
North of the Yangtze 
 
 The North Kiangsu Mission of the 
 Presbyterian Church in the 
 United States. 
 
 BY 
 
 HENRY F. WILLIAMS. 
 
 Published by the 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN COMMITTEE OF PUBLICATION, 
 Richmond, Va. Texarkana, Ark. -Tex. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The purpose of this sketch of the North Kiangsii 
 Mission is to give brief statements pertaining to the 
 present conditions of the work, and is not intended to 
 be historical. For sketches of onr missions from the 
 beginnings reference is made to “In Four Continents,” a 
 book giving histoincal sketches of all the mission fields 
 of the Presbyterian Church in the United States. See 
 page 32. 
 
 The frequent use of the map is essential to an under- 
 standing of the survey given of the stations of the 
 Mission. 
 
 An item of special interest is the page giving inven- 
 tory of the property value, estimated upon a conservative 
 basis, at all the stations. This is the actual investment 
 in dollars and cents the Presbyterian Church in the 
 United States has in the North Kiangsn Mission. 
 
 The summary of what is ofiicially considered the 
 essential need of the Mission in reinforcements and 
 equipment merits carefnl study. It sets before the 
 church both its opportunity and responsibilit 3 ’ in 
 making possible the early evangelization of that part of 
 North Kiangsn assigned to our denomination. 
 
 Pronunciation of the Chinese names of the stations 
 of the North Kiangsn Mission is given below: 
 
 PRONUNCIATIONS. 
 
 HsrcHouFu, Soo-cbow-foo. 
 
 Chinki.\?^g. Cbin-keang ; first i as in thin, broad a. 
 
 IIaichow. Hi-jo ; i and o long. 
 
 T.\iciiow, Ti-.io ; i and o long. 
 
 Wy-an-foo. 
 
 SucHiEX, Soo-cbeii. 
 
 Tsingkiangpu, Tsing, combination of the t and s sound; 
 keang-poo. 
 
 Yangtze, a i)road, with last syllable pronounced with the 
 sound of tz. 
 
Men of the Suchien Church and Congregation. 
 
North of the Yangtze 
 
 North Kiangsu Province. 
 
 The seacoast Province of Kiangsu is one of the most 
 thickly populated in all the Empire. The city of 
 Shanghai is in the southeast corner. The Yangtze, one 
 of the greatest rivers of commerce in the world, extends 
 through the province from east to west. The Grand 
 Canal, eight hundred miles long and eight or nine 
 hundred years old, bisects the province from north to 
 south. The territory of the Mid-China Mission includes 
 that part of Kiangsu Province south of the Yangtze 
 Eiver and a part of the province of Chekiang. The 
 North Kiangsu Mission is located in the section of the 
 Kiangsu Province north of the Yangtze Eiver. 
 
 The tw'O great rivers of China are the Yangtze and 
 Hoang-ho, or Yellow Eiver. The Yangtze has been 
 described as being to China what the Mississippi is to 
 the United States, or the Amazon to South America. 
 Large ocean steamers make easy passage for a distance 
 of more than six hundred miles from the mouth. The 
 Hoang-ho, or Yellow Eiver, is known as the “Eiver of 
 Sorrow” in China on account of the frequent overflows, 
 causing destruction of life and property. Originally 
 its channel followed a devious way to the southward, 
 opening into the Yellow Sea far to the south of its pres- 
 ent mouth. In 1852, during one of the great floods, a 
 new channel was opened and the river now empties into 
 the Gulf of Chi-li, hundreds of miles to the north of 
 the original entrance of the river into the Yellow Sea. 
 The territory of the North Kiangsu Mission includes the 
 great plain of the Yellow Eiver. In this region have 
 
6 
 
 North of the Yangtze 
 
 occuTTed the great famines, during which unnumbered 
 thousands have perished. Through these famines and 
 the work of the missionaries in the distribution of relief, 
 the door for the preaching of the Gospel has been opened 
 in all this great territory, with its millions of unevan- 
 gelized people. 
 
 The Two Missions. 
 
 Our work in China, beginning at the south in the 
 ancient ciCv of Hangchow in 18(57, has been extended 
 northward as rapidly as the fields could be entered. 
 The Grand Canal, the greatest artery of commerce in 
 China for probabh’ eight or more centuries, has also 
 been tlie line of our missionary advance. In the exten- 
 sion of the work, stations were opened in that part of 
 the Kiangsu Province north of the Yangtze until, in 
 188(5, it had enlarged to such a degree that for conven- 
 ience in administration the field was divided into the 
 Mid-China and North Kiangsu Missions. 
 
 Survey. 
 
 As introductory to a brief account of the work at 
 each of the principal stations of the North Kiangsu 
 Mission, a brief survey of the entire field will be profit- 
 able. This survey will be made in the form of briefly 
 described journeys to each of the stations. 
 
 In the division of the field into the two Missions, it 
 was advisable to include Chinkiang, located on the 
 soiilh bank of the Yangtze River, in the North Kiangsu 
 Mission. This city, the first of the North Kiangsu 
 Mission stations as we journey’ northward, is the great 
 distributing point for this part of China, and is espe- 
 cially important to the sections along the Grand Canal 
 to the north. 
 
North op the Yangtze. 
 
 7 
 
 We will suppose that we have come from Shanghai 
 to Chinkiang by rail, about 150 miles. The first part 
 of the journey to the north is the crossing of the Y^ang- 
 tze. We travel in a canal boat, more or less comfort- 
 able, according to the number of passengers and the 
 condition of the weather. The passenger boats are 
 drawn by steam launches. Entering the Grand Canal 
 on the north side of the Y^'angtze River, we continue a 
 most interesting journey. Villages, towns, cities, large 
 and small, are passed. The canal is crowded with 
 thousands of canal boats. Some of them, as that on 
 which we travel, are for passengers, others with cargoes 
 of freight. The string of boats is towed b^^ the steam 
 launches, propelled by sail and oar, or are towed by 
 men, as the canal boats in onr country are drawn by 
 animals along the tow-path. It is 120 miles to onr first 
 destination, and the time occupied in the journey varies 
 
8 
 
 North of the Yangtze 
 
 from tAveiit 3 '-foiir to thirty hours — sometimes longer. 
 This is a speedy trip compared with the time requii^ed 
 in the days before steam launches, which was not so 
 long ago. In due time we arrive at the city of 
 Ilwaianfu, 120 miles from Chinkiang, the second of our 
 mission stations on the Canal nmdh of the Yangtze. 
 The steam launch, with its tow for canal boats, will 
 proceed on its journey to Tsingkiangpu, but as visitors 
 to our mission fields, it is probable we will be met at 
 Ilwaianfu by a company of missionaries in the trim 
 little launch, the Marian Sprunt, a well-constructed 
 launch, the gift of Mr. James Sprunt, of Wilmington, 
 N. C., as a memorial to his daughter, Marian. A speedy 
 and comfortable passage is made to Tsingkiangpu, the 
 third of our mission stations, ten miles to the north of 
 Ilwaianfu. 
 
 Tsingkiangpu is as far to the noiTh on the Canal as 
 the larger canal boats, drawn by steam launches, can 
 go. We must here engage a houseboat which, by sail, 
 rowing, or being towed by men along the canal, will 
 convey us on our joiirney northward. Near this city 
 there are a number of locks in the canal, and time will 
 be saved b\' sending the boat ahead and making a short 
 journey by wheelbarrow to a village and general landing 
 place beyond the locks. As we proceed on our journey 
 we have a better appreciation of the poverty of the 
 people and their terrific experience in the famine region. 
 The l)oat will sometimes make such slow progress that 
 we may walk along the shores in advance and hold brief 
 meetings with the people in the villages. We soon 
 <?ease to be surprised to find they are not only poor and 
 ignorant in things of this life, but are in poverty and 
 ignorance concerning things spiritual to such degree 
 that they have never even so much as heard the name of 
 
North of the Yangtze. 
 
 9 
 
 Jesus. Sixty miles from Tsingkiangpu we arrive at 
 the city of Suchien, the fourth of our mission stations. 
 
 The trip from Hwaianfu to Suchien can be, and is 
 often made by Chinese cart, the road much of the way 
 being along the banks of the Grand Canal or on the old 
 Yellow Kiver embankments, that in ancient and modern 
 times were built to control the floods of this “Elver of 
 Sorrow” before its channel was turned farther north. 
 
 The Marian Sprunt. 
 
 W^e have yet to continue our journey in a north- 
 westerly direction to Hsuchoufu. The Chinese cart, a 
 heavy lumbering- vehicle with two wheels and without 
 springs, drawn by two mules driven tandein, is to be our 
 conveyance. We are still traveling over the wide plain 
 which was once, much of the time, the bed and the 
 valley of the Y'ellow Elver. Unless we make especially 
 good speed it requires about two days and a half to 
 cover the eighty miles from Suchien to Hsuchoufu. 
 The missionaries will have provided food and bedding. 
 We stop for dinner at some convenient town, and spend 
 the nights in the crude Chinese inns. As we near the 
 
10 
 
 North op the Yangtze 
 
 end of our journey, the country is more broken, and in 
 the distance near the city there are ranges of high hills 
 or low mountains. We pass along a wall built in the 
 centuries past, through the gate of a second wall built 
 around these cities of the north, and then through the 
 main wall Avhich surrounds the city proper, and near 
 the entrance of the latter we arrive at the mission 
 compound. 
 
 Sawing Lumber. 
 
 In a further travel survey of the stations of the 
 North Kiangsu Mission we will again start from Chin- 
 kiang. Our first visit will be to Taichow. Again 
 crossing the Yangtze from Chinkiang, we enter one of 
 the well-nigh innumerable canals that supply the means 
 of communication, and proceed by houseboat to Taichow, 
 a city about fifty miles to the north of Chinkiang, and 
 about the same distance east of Grand Canal. 
 
North of the Yangtze. 
 
 11 
 
 The next in the chain of stations between the Grand 
 Canal and the Yellow Sea, extending northward, is the 
 city of Yencheng, the most recently opened station of 
 the North Kiangsu Mission. Its location is about sixty 
 miles north of Taichow and about sixty miles east of 
 Hwaianfu. The usual route followed in going to Yen- 
 cheng is from Hwaianfu by canal or Chinese cart. 
 
 Our next and last station of the North Kiangsu Mis- 
 sion is Haichow. The visitor to this station will leave 
 the Grand Canal at Tsingkiangpu and make the quickest 
 journey by Chinest cart. The trip can also be made 
 by canal or on a wheelbarrow. Haichow may also be 
 reached in about the same length of time — three days — 
 by Chinese cart, or in an indefinite period of time by 
 canal, or barrow, from Suchien. 
 
 This travel survey of the North Kiangsu Mission in- 
 cludes only the central stations. There are a number 
 of out-stations, where regular preaching is maintained 
 b}’ native preachers and visiting missionaries, and a 
 larger number of out-stations that are visited by itin- 
 erating missionaries and native evangelists. The 
 journeys to these fields, except along the Grand Canal, 
 would be made by wheelbarrow, houseboat and Chinese 
 cart. 
 
 By reference to the map the reader will see the large 
 stretch of territory included in this rapid survej'. We 
 have gone over three hundred miles north from Chin- 
 kiang to Hsuchoufu and Haichow; the width of the 
 field, east and west, is from seventy-five to one hundred 
 miles. If, in the survey, we had undertaken to visit all 
 the mission stations of other denominations, we would 
 have seen only two comparatively small stations other 
 than our own. Hence, as we journey in thought and 
 contemplate the sphere of our North Kiangsu Mission, 
 
12 
 
 North of the Yangtze 
 
 we should remember that the boundary line at the south 
 is the Yangtze lliver; at the north, the line between 
 Kiangsu and Shantung Provinces; on the west an imag- 
 inary boundary line from ten to seventy-five miles west 
 of the Grand Canal ; and on the east the Y^ellow Sea. 
 Within the boundaries thus given our missionaries esti- 
 mate a population of 10,000,000 people, and these 
 millions are assigned to and are to be evangelized by 
 the North Kiangsu Mission of our Southern Presbyte- 
 rian Church. 
 
 STATION SKETCHES. 
 
 Chinkiang. 
 
 The only station of the North Kiangsu Mission 
 south of the Yangtze River is Chinkiang. This 
 city, with a population of about 325,000, is one of the 
 most important in this section of the empire. The 
 Yangtze River supplies a medium of communication to 
 the sea in the one direction and far into the interior in 
 the other. The Grand Canal, with innumerable inter- 
 secting canals, entering the Yangtze from the south and 
 also opening into the Yangtze on the north side, pro- 
 vides communication to the north and south. In recent 
 years the railroad from Shanghai to Nanking has 
 greatly added to the importance of the city as a receiving 
 and distributing center. The city is beautifully sit- 
 uated, with extensive suburbs along the Canal. Five 
 of these suburban cities can be seen from our Mission 
 station grounds. 
 
 Chinkiang was opened in 1883. Our work at Chin- 
 kiang consists of an organized church within the city 
 and a church at the south gate. A considerable terri- 
 
North of the Yangtze. 
 
 13 
 
 toiy, with important out-stations, is included in the 
 Chinkiang field. The Burton Memorial School is a 
 boarding school of the high school grade for boys. The 
 last report shows an attendance of about forty. No 
 increase in the attendance is possible until the needed 
 enlargement of the building is made. The property 
 equipment and financial statement of the Chinkiang and 
 other stations will be found on other pages. 
 
 The needs at Chinkiang are additional residences, a 
 church building, hospital, and additional land. There 
 are some discouragements connected with the work at 
 this station, as in all our stations, but there has been a 
 steady growth from the beginning. The missionarj 
 force necessary to do the work in the city and the out 
 lying fields has never been adequate. From the station 
 compound there are beautiful views of the city below 
 and the mountains in the distance ; but the consecrated 
 missionary turns from admiration of the scene to the 
 thought of the hundreds of thousands in the city of 
 Chinkiang and its prosperous suburbs, with the out- 
 lying region, who wait for the gospel message that 
 cannot be delivered without more workers and enlarged 
 equipment. 
 
 Tsingkiangpu. 
 
 We continue the sketch of our mission stations in 
 the order of their opening. This station, located 130 
 miles north of Chinkiang on the Grand Canal, was 
 opened in 1887. The population is about 150,000. It 
 has been one of the most difficult fields. The people 
 are turbulent, and in the early days manifested great 
 opposition to the missionaries. Of the general work 
 at this station, one of our missionaries writes : ‘‘In the 
 field it has to cover, up to this time, we have been a 
 
14 
 
 North of the Yangtze 
 
 Tsingkiangpu Orphanage Boys. 
 
 center for colonizing the various centers of this North 
 Kiangsu country. We have ‘swarmed’ until now most 
 of the larger centers of population are opened as central 
 stations and look after their own territory. Those of 
 us who were responsible for the evangelistic work 
 divided up the territory so as to be able to get in 
 intensive Avork, and the field has been worked probably 
 better than ever before. The work at the station has 
 been more croAvded than ever before, mainly because we 
 are shoidhanded. All the ordinary forms of mission 
 work are carried on here every day.” 
 
 The evangelistic Avork is represented by a church in 
 the city of Tsingkiangpu, with a number of preaching 
 places throughout the city. The out-station field is 
 large. The missionaries travel from village to village 
 by AvheelbarroAv, preaching on the streets and selling 
 books and Gospels. The last annual report mentions 
 the sale of some ten thousand books. There is a small 
 girls’ school made up of the children of adherents, and 
 a boys’ school of the same character. In these schools 
 
North of the Yangtze 
 
 15 
 
 the boys and girls are taught the Bible, catechism, 
 hymns, etc. The Orphanages are among a number of the 
 series of such institutions established by the Christian 
 Herald. The last report mentions fifty-nine children in 
 the Orphanage at Tsingkiangpu. The boys and girls in 
 the two orphanages, conducted separately, are given 
 religions instruction, and a number have united with 
 the church. 
 
 The medical equipment at thisx station consists of a 
 hospital building which is wholly inadequate. In a 
 statement made by the Mission concerning the medical 
 work at Tsingkiangpu it is said: “The physician in 
 charge looks back over sixteen years of continuous 
 service, during which he has treated over 80,000 
 patients, many of them coming one hundred miles.” 
 With this statement should go another statement ex- 
 pressive of surprise that in the native rooms of the so- 
 called hospital building so much could be done. One 
 of the greatest needs at Tsingkiangpu is a hospital 
 adapted to the needs of the work. The present chapel 
 in which the services are held is over-crowded, and there 
 is need of a church building. The school buildings are 
 renovated native buildings, and are in no way adequate. 
 The future is bright with promise at Tsingkiangpu. 
 The people are more friendly than ever before, and in 
 all lines the harvest following the years of faithful 
 service seems at hand. 
 
 SUCHIEN. 
 
 Passing on to the North, sixty miles from Tsing- 
 kiangpu, our missionaries, in the extension of the work, 
 opened the Siichien station in 1892. 
 
 “Suchien’s history runs back into the time of the 
 kings of Judah. If its name, Delightful, was a proph- 
 
16 
 
 North op the Yangtze 
 
 ecy it lias been a long time in coming true. Its records 
 for 1,500 rears are little more than notes of floods, 
 famines, blood and groans. Of old it was built just on 
 the banks of the Yellow Elver, and it and all the country 
 around was subject to overflow. For a period of 600 
 years the whole river was scarcely ever a score of years 
 in the same channel, and the people learned full well 
 what “China’s Sorrow” meant.”* 
 
 In the beginning the missionaries met with strong 
 opposition, but the work is now well established in this 
 city of 60,000 people. Commencing in a Chinese inn 
 the equipment has grown until we now have a chapel, 
 three missionary homes, a boys’ school building, with 
 capacity for sixty boarding pupils, and a good hospital. 
 The Boys’ School and hospital buildings are well located 
 on a plot of ground outside the city walls. The boys’ 
 school building has capacity for sixty boarders, but is 
 only half furnished. A school for girls provides Chris- 
 tian education for the daughters of native Christians 
 and others. 
 
 Of the evangelistic work at Suchien a missionary 
 says : 
 
 “The fruits of a Christian life are more and more 
 apparent. A farmer gives his oxen and men-servants 
 rest on the Sabbath day, and he keeps up his services in 
 the church in his liamlet. His only son is in the school 
 and he supports his son-in-law-to-be in the Christian 
 school so as to try to give him a Christian education. 
 Ilis daughter had been betrothed to him in infancy, and 
 the father saw his son-in-law growing up out of sym- 
 pathy with Christianity. The Christians, of their own 
 accord, have changed their former custom of calling 
 their children such names as ‘Deception,’ ‘Killer,’ 
 
 *From “In Four Continents.” 
 
Nokth of the Yangtze. 
 
 17 
 
 ‘Locked-iip/ etc., and now one hears ‘Renewed,' ‘Great 
 Favor,’ ‘Love,’ and ‘Truth.’ One of the outstations is 
 supported by the Eckington Sunday School, Washing- 
 ton. The first Christian there was sixty-three years 
 old when he was baptized, and he began that year to 
 study the characters, and now at sixty-seven can read 
 the Old and New Testament with great facility. Ear- 
 nest men and women at a score of points are bearing 
 many things for Christ.” 
 
 The Laymen’s Missionary Movement has a special 
 interest in the excellent hospital building erected by 
 gifts made at the first general convention of the laymen, 
 held in Birmingham, Ala., in 1909. 
 
 The needs of Suchien are, as in other fields, rein- 
 forcements and adequate equipment. Radiating in all 
 directions from this center there is a large ontstation 
 field. The needs of the people justify an urgent appeal 
 and the results of the work in the past justify the pre- 
 diction that, with an increased number of workers and 
 an enlarged equipment, the future has gi’eater victories 
 to be achieved. 
 
 Hsuchoufu. 
 
 Passing through the ontstation field of Suchien 
 extending north and northwest we pass into the out- 
 station field of Hsuchoufu, extending to the south and 
 southeast from the central station. Hsuchoufu is one 
 of the most important cities in this part of China. It 
 is a vfide-awake, progressive, groAving city, with a 
 thickly populated outlying field. It marks the north- 
 ern boundary of our North Kiangsu stations. The 
 population, including the suburbs, is about 125,000. 
 The Grand Canal passes about thirty miles to the east. 
 As at other stations, strong opposition was manifested 
 
18 
 
 North of the Yangtze 
 
 Dinner Time, Hsuchoufu Orphanage Boys. 
 
 on the part of the gentry to the work of the first mis- 
 sionaries. They were compelled to withdraw for a 
 time, but returning after a year, under somewhat differ- 
 ent conditions, the station was opened in 1897. The 
 equipment at the station consists of a good church 
 building, which will seat about 350 people. The edu- 
 cational work is represented in the Julia Farrior San- 
 ford Memorial School for Boys, of the high school 
 grade. The attendance upon this school is to the full 
 capacity of the building. 
 
 Another interesting feature of the educational and 
 benevolent work, as at Tsingkiangpu, is the Christian 
 Herald orphanages. The department for boys has 
 between one hundred and fifty and two hundred boys, 
 and the girls’ dei)artment about fifty. Many of these 
 boys and girls are children of those who died in the 
 
North of the Yangtze. 
 
 19 
 
 famine period. They are receiving a good education 
 and Christian instruction. 
 
 The Girls’ School has quarters in two renovated 
 rooms of the old tubercular ward of the men’s hospital. 
 Before the close of last year more applicants were 
 received than these two small rooms could accommodate 
 for this 3 ’ear, 1911. Our country church members, 
 scattered over a territor}’ eighty miles square, look to 
 this school alone for the educatioil of their daughters. 
 
 The medical work at Hsuchoufu is, as stated of the 
 school work, limited, not by the number who would 
 come for treatment, but by the number who can be 
 received or treated. The two hospital buildings — one 
 for men, the other for women — are distressingly inad- 
 equate native buildings, made fit for occupancy by 
 necessary repairs. It seems impossible that, with the 
 meager facilities, 3,000 patients, 369 of whom were in- 
 patients, could have been treated in the hospital for 
 women in one year (1910). The same is true of the 
 men’s hospital, in which, during the year covered by the 
 last report, a total of 20,012 patients, 775 of whom were 
 in-patients, were treated. These statements in them- 
 selves constitute what should seem an irresistible appeal 
 for better hospital facilities at Hsuchoufu. 
 
 Hwaianfu. 
 
 Taking the stations in the order in which they were 
 opened, we return from Hsuchoufu southward to 
 Hwaianfu, a city of 150,000 population, located on the 
 Grand Canal ten miles south of Tsingkiangi^u. This 
 is one of the most historic and aristocratic cities in this 
 part of China. A large number of the residents are 
 wealthy Chinese, and people of the official class. While 
 entertaining a kindly spirit toward the missionaries. 
 
20 
 
 North of tfie Yangtze 
 
 they are slow, on account of their conservatism, to 
 accept the gospel. It is a very important center, and 
 spreading out in every direction there is a network of 
 canals opening up large sections of the country. 
 
 The equipment at Hwaianfu consists of a comfortable 
 chapel, two missionary residences, and a distressingly 
 inadeijuate clinical room, twelve by twenty feet, in a 
 native building. The greatest need of this station is an 
 adequate hospital building. The thousands of patients 
 annually treated in the clinic room, sometimes as high 
 as 200 in a single day, is an indication, not only of the 
 need of a hospital building, bnt of the great work that 
 could be accomi:»lished with the proi>er facilities — a work 
 which would not only influence the city itself, but would 
 be far-reaching through the patients that come from long 
 distances for treatment. So interested are some of the 
 wealthy Chinese of the city that one gentleman, a Con- 
 fucianist, contributes flOO.OO a year to the hospital 
 work. 
 
 Taiciiow. 
 
 This city has a po]>ulation of some 150,000. It is 
 located about fifty miles north of Chiukiang and reached 
 by canal. The opening of the station, in 1908, and 
 getting a permanent foothold, has been a tedious pro- 
 cess. There has been great op])osition to the purchase 
 of land and many difficulties in getting adequate build- 
 ings. Notwithstanding these, sometimes almost over- 
 whelming obstacles, a firm footing has been gained. 
 The present property consists of land for a residence 
 and hos])ital ; also a large chapel with rooms for the 
 family of the native preacher, located in the center of 
 the city. Taichow is one of the oiitstanding needy 
 stations, and too strong a call cannot be made upon a 
 
Traveling in China. 
 
22 
 
 JvORTH OF THE YANGTZE 
 
 generous church iu behalf of this field which, as a city, 
 is of great importance, and in its position of influence 
 can be made the center of a large outstation field iu 
 which there is a population of 1,000,000 people wholly 
 dependent on the Presbyterian Church, U. S., for the 
 proclamation of the gosi^el. Of the work in Taichow, 
 the missionary in charge, in his last annual report, says: 
 
 ‘‘We are not discoiiraged by the failure to get large 
 crowds, and thus far additions to the church, feeling 
 that this being a new place, we are enabled to do a good 
 work by gaining more and more the friendly feelings of 
 the people as a wliole. We recognize we have a hard 
 field, owing to 1he greater amount of idolatry practiced 
 here than any other place the writer has ever seen. 
 There are one hundred and thirty temples, large and 
 small, in the city itself, and every one says that the 
 character of the people here is the worst in this whole 
 part of China, which is a greater reason to give them the 
 gosjiel.” 
 
 Haichow. 
 
 Haichow, the “city by the .sea.” After many years 
 of visitation in this region, as may be said of all the 
 stations in their beginnings, Haichow was opened as a 
 I’egular station in 1008, and missionaries assigned to the 
 field. In the early days of the work our missionaries 
 were subject to many privations and some danger. At 
 Haichow we have made a beginning in the acquisition 
 of land and the erection of buildings. The last report 
 of the Yortli Kiangsu Mission mentions the acquisition 
 of a lot costing 1,000.00, with repairs of a native build- 
 ing co.sting .flOO.OO. The work at this station is evan- 
 geli.stic and medical. From indifference to the gospel, 
 with some violent op])osition to the preaching of the 
 
North op the Yangtze 
 
 23 
 
 gospel, the conditions have changed, to the great encour- 
 agement of the missionaries at the station. The medical 
 work has grown far beyond the ability of the physician 
 in charge to treat the patients that come to the clinic. 
 There is no hospital building, and here, as at other sta- 
 tions, we face a pressing need of equipment. 
 
 Haichow, with a population of 50,000, is an impor- 
 tant center of an outlying territoi^y, thickly populated, 
 both a needy and an open field. Before the opening 
 of the station a missionary visiting Haichow on an itin- 
 erating trip, wrote : 
 
 “I climbed to the top of Haichow Mountain, which 
 overlooks the city. This barren rock mountain, quite 
 picturesque, but as dead as the empty forms of heathen 
 morality all around it, must be a thousand or twelve 
 hundred feet high. It was a beautifully clear day and I 
 could see for miles and miles in all directions. To the 
 east I could see the blue ocean which stretches out to 
 America with its Christian churches and lovely homes. 
 In other directions, as far as the eye could I’each, were 
 
 Primitive Plowing. 
 
24 
 
 North of the Yangtze 
 
 village after village, town after town, hundreds of them. 
 I knew these villages and towns and the busy city below 
 me were teeming with men and women and boys and 
 girls. Not a single Christian in all this great multi- 
 tude — comfortless, godless, hopeless. I looked back 
 toward Suchien over the ninety miles we had come. 
 Since Ave had left home Ave had passed through a number 
 of towns, a great many villages, and one Availed city, and 
 Ave had not come within sight of a single Protestant 
 Christian home. I thought of the home friends Avho ai’e 
 interested in the opening of this neAv station, sending- 
 out Avorkers for it and supporting the work. 1 thought 
 of their duty and glorious privilege to send light and 
 hope and joy to these multitudes, and to make Christ, 
 our SaAuour, King OA’^er these who uoaa" belong to 
 Satan.”* 
 
 Yencheng. 
 
 Yencheng is the most recently ojAened station of the 
 North Kiangsu Mission. It has long been regarded as 
 a held of great importance. We quote from a recent 
 letter from one of the missionaries located at Y'encheng : 
 
 “Where and what is Y'encheng? Suppose we take 
 the name for a puenionic. Yen means salt, and clienff 
 from the sea. So this is the salt city. Noaa', salt — 
 Chinese salt — comes from the sea. Hence, Y^encheng 
 must be a cit}’ near the sea. So it is ; about forty miles 
 from the Y’elloAv Sea on the east, and about 200 miles 
 north of Shanghai. Thus you can spot us on any map, 
 though your English map may not mark the place, 
 becau.se it is not knoAvn to English-speaking peo])le. 
 Our held is bounded on the east by the sea ; on the west, 
 about sixty miles aAvay, by the Tsingkiangpu and 
 
 •“In Four Continents.” 
 
Nortpi op the Yangtze. 
 
 25 
 
 Hwaianfii territory. On the northwest and southwest 
 we touch the fields of other missions, but in all this field, 
 with over a million people, there ai*e no other mission- 
 aries. Somebody fresh on geography can suggest a 
 state with which to compare us. Is not West Virginia 
 about the size and population of our Yencheng field ?” 
 
 During the past year (1911) the missionaries have 
 made progress through preaching as the waj" could be 
 opened, but their principal work has been to secure land 
 for houses in which to live. After a tedious process, 
 including Chinese lawsuits, the possession of rented 
 quarters has been secured. The needs of this field are 
 apparent. Money should at once be provided for the 
 purchase of land, the erection of missionary homes, a 
 suitable chapel, a school and a hospital. 
 
 Nanking. 
 
 While not in the territory of the North Kiangsu 
 Mission, Nanking is, as the seat of the Union Presby- 
 terian Theological Seminary, a part of the work of the 
 Mission. The appropriations made by our church are 
 
 Famine Refugees, North Kiangsu. 
 
26 
 
 XoRTH OF THE YANGTZE 
 
 ill eiiiial amounts from the two Missions. Young men 
 being educated for the ministiy, evangelists, colporteurs 
 and Christian workers are sent to the Theological Sem- 
 inary at Nanking from the stations of the Mission. 
 
 INVENTORY OF PROPERTY. 
 
 In comsidering the inventory of mission pro^ierty, it 
 is necessary to reniemher that mention of a specific 
 building, as hospital, or school, does not mean that ade- 
 quate provision has been made. The buildings, in a 
 number of instances, are far from being what the work 
 requires, as will be learned from the statement of 
 needed eciiiipment. The valuation of property at each 
 station is as follows; 
 
 Chinkiang, |17,G25.00; Tsingkiangpu, ^12,972.00; 
 Siichien, |25,01S.(H); ITsiichoufn, .f 10, 721. 00; Hwaianfu, 
 |G,211.00; Taichow, f 1,000. 00; Haichow, |5,5G0.00; 
 Nanking, |8,500.00. Total value of property in the 
 North Kiangsii ^Mission, .^93,007. 00. 
 
 EQUIPMENT AND REINFORCEMENTS. 
 
 The statements that follow pertaining to present 
 equipment and reinforcements have been prepared by a 
 special committee lhat has been at work upon these 
 matters for two years. All the items have been care- 
 fully considered in committee, reported to and adopted 
 by a full meeting of the North Kiangsn Mission, and 
 finally’ approved by the Executive Committee of Foreign 
 Missions. In submitling the report the committee 
 
North op the Yangtze. 
 
 27 
 
 saj’s : "We have made serious attempts to reduce the 
 amounts, but have found this impossible Avithout jeop- 
 ardizing the best interests of the work.” It follows, 
 therefore, that, in the statements of needed equipment 
 and reinforcement of missionaries, the North Kiangsu 
 Mission puts before the church definite information as 
 to what is regarded as essential and conservative 
 requirements. 
 
 EQUIPMENT. 
 
 Chinkiang: 
 
 Boys’ school 
 
 . .|;5,000 00 
 
 
 Hospital 
 
 . 5,000 00 
 
 
 Eesidence 
 
 . 2,200 00— 
 
 812,200 00 
 
 Tsingkiangpii: 
 
 
 
 Hospital (Men and Women) 
 
 . 18,000 00 
 
 
 Bovs’ School 
 
 . 5,000 00 
 
 
 Church 
 
 . 1,500 00— 
 
 14,500 00 
 
 Sucliien: 
 
 
 
 Boys’ School Development . 
 
 
 3,000 00 
 
 Hsuclioufii: 
 
 
 
 Women’s Hospital 
 
 . 85,000 00 
 
 
 Men’s Hospital 
 
 . 4,100 00 
 
 
 Girls’ School 
 
 . 4,000 00— 
 
 13,100 00 
 
 Hwaianfii: 
 
 
 
 Hospital 
 
 
 5,000 00 
 
 Taichotc: 
 
 
 
 Hospital 
 
 
 5,000 00 
 
 Haichoic: 
 
 
 
 Hospital 
 
 . 85,000 00 
 
 
 Boys’ School 
 
 . 5,000 00 
 
 
 Church 
 
 . 1,500 00— 
 
 11,500 00 
 
28 
 
 North of the Yangtze 
 
 Yeiwhcng: 
 
 Hospital 
 
 Church 
 
 Eesidence 
 
 Nanking: 
 
 Union Medical College 
 Total 
 
 |5,000 00 
 1,500 00 
 
 2,200 00— 8,700 00 
 
 2,000 00 
 
 175,000 00 
 
 REINFORCEMENTS. 
 
 With regard to reinforcements it is said: “We are 
 convinced that the generally agreed statement that our 
 mission fields should have one missionary to every 25,000 
 population would give us the smallest possible number 
 of men and women that could in any sense supply our 
 territory. With a population of over ten million 
 dependent upon us for a knowledge of the Gospel we 
 have only fifty-nine missionaries.” Realizing the press- 
 ure upon the Executive Committee of Foreign Missions 
 arising from the call of all the Missions of the Church, 
 and the financial stringency, the North Kiangsu Mission 
 further says : “We ask for only nineteen missionaries, 
 who are absolutely necessary for the respectable main- 
 tenance of existing work. Of these, eight are needed at 
 once and eleven to follow as soon as possible during the 
 next five years.” 
 
 In the detailed statement of the reinforcements 
 needed at once at the different stations it appears that 
 missionaries are needed as follows : Three men for 
 evangelistic work ; two women for evangelistic work ; 
 one physician and two trained nurses — four men and 
 four women — a total of eight. The reinforcements 
 that are given as necessary during the next five years, in 
 addition to the above, include men and women as evan- 
 
North of the Yangtze. 
 
 29 
 
 gelists, nurses, teachers and physicians. Special em- 
 phasis should be laid upon the fact that this call for 
 these reinforcements is not for the purpose of extension 
 at new stations, but is an expression of the necessities 
 of the work already established. 
 
 OUTSTANDING FACTS. 
 
 A first outstanding fact is that the advance of the 
 Mission stations north of the Y'angtze has been made 
 with the strategy and precision of a military campaign. 
 So signal has been the wisdom with which the field has 
 been occupied, that in reviewing the past we are led to 
 see that the opening and extension of the work in this 
 field is of the Lord and not of men. 
 
 A second outstanding fact is that by right of spirit- 
 ual exploration and possession the entire territory, with 
 its teeming millions of people, has been assigned to our 
 branch of the Presbyterian Church. As certaiul}^, there- 
 fore, as we have seen the hand of the Lord in the past, 
 we have indication of his purpose concerning our future 
 work in the North Kiangsu field. It is ours by more 
 than human assignment, and its evangelization becomes 
 a responsibility we cannot escape if we would. 
 
 A third fact is the remarkable way in which the some- 
 times especially hard fields have become, not only access- 
 ible to the gospel, but fields in which the people are 
 appealing for light. Out of the horrors and distresses 
 of flood and famine, as a result of the ministration of 
 consecrated missionaries to the suffering and dying mul- 
 titudes, the people are coming to see that these men and 
 women are engaged in a mission of love, and are bearers 
 
30 
 
 North of the Yangtze 
 
 of a message of blessing and peace hitherto unknown. 
 Onr section of China north of the Yangtze is a wide-open 
 door. 
 
 A fourth fact, one of great encouragement, is that 
 just at the time when the country is open to the mission- 
 aries comparatively easy and speedy communication is 
 being established by means of the railroads that are 
 being built and projected. So well under way are these 
 l»rojected lines of railway that we do not speak of them 
 in prophecy, but as mention of what is being actually 
 done. It will not be long till the means of comninnica- 
 lion between the principal stations of the North Kiangsn 
 Mission will not be by houseboat, Chinese cart, wheel- 
 barrow, or on foot. The day is at hand when the ambas- 
 sador of Jesus Christ maj" go swiftlj’ on his way to 
 deliver his message. 
 
 A fifth outstanding fact, which will be seen bj^ refer- 
 ence to the map, and to which attention has been called, 
 is that the location of onr mission stations is such that 
 a reasonable advance, provision for which the church 
 should immediately make, will enable the missionary 
 force to rapidly cover the entire field. It is an inspiring 
 study to trace, city by city, the line of the stations from 
 Chinkiang to Hsnchouf\i; and then, follow the line of 
 stations tbrongh the central i)art of the territory lying 
 between the Grand Canal and the Yellow Sea from 
 Chinkiang to Ilaichow. 
 
 Tbe last outstanding fact we mention is that the ear 
 must be dull that cannot hear the call of God to our 
 historically missionary church, not to enter, for entrance 
 bas already l)een made; nor to begin, for we are far 
 ])ast the period of beginning the work North of Yangtze ; 
 l)nt to complete the work by sending the men and the 
 Avomen that are ready to go, and supplying the funds for 
 
North of the Yangtze 
 
 31 
 
 equipment which we as a people are able to give, and so 
 accomplish that which is a reasonable possibility — evan- 
 gelize the ten millions of the North Kiangsn INIission in 
 this generation. 
 
 Farming People, North Kiangsu. 
 
“IN FOUR CONTINENTS” 
 
 THIRD EDITION. REVISED 
 
 By REV. H. F. WILLIAMS 
 
 A beautifully printed illustrated book of 230 pages, giving a concise and inspiring 
 historical sketch of the origin and development of the missionary activities of the South- 
 ern Presbyterian Church in the four continents in which our seven Missions are located, 
 by Rev. Henry F. Williams, Editor of the publications of the Executive Committee 
 of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. 
 
 The first chapter recounts the initial step of the young and struggling Church in the 
 establishment of mission stations. The remaining chapters give graphic sketches of 
 the planting of stations in seven countries where we now sustain missions. 
 
 The book is attractively printed and illustrated. Many of the pictures are from pho- 
 tographs taken by the author while on his recent world missionary tour. Pastors and 
 missionary workers will find in this book the information that has been so long needed 
 to develop an intelligent and generous interest in the missionary enterprises of our Church 
 
 Paper Binding, Postpaid, 35c. Cloth Binding, Postpaid, 50c. 
 
 Map Studies of Mission Lands 
 
 By REV. H. F. WILLIAMS 
 
 An interesting and informing series of Maps, showing very clearly the location of all 
 the Mission Stations of the Southern Presbyterian Church. Brief explanatory notes 
 make the studies invaluable to all who would be fully informed about the foreign activ- 
 ities of our Church. 
 
 Price, 5 Cents, Po.stpaid. 
 
 Helps for Leaders 
 
 By REV. H. F. WILLIAMS 
 
 Suggestions for the Leaders of Classes or Individuals engaged in the 
 Study of “IN FOUR CONTINENTS” 
 
 A helpful pamphlet prepared by Rev. H. F. Williams, giving suggestions about organ- 
 izing and conducting Mission Study Classes, and brief directions for the study of each 
 chapter. A list of the best books on missions for side reading is appended, and a table 
 gives the correct pronunciations of the foreign names in the book. A .set of review ques- 
 tions provides for a complete resume of each chapter as studied. 
 
 An invaluable aid to all who would make a thorough study of “In Four Continents.” 
 
 PRICE 10 CENTS, POSTPAID. 
 
 A free copy of “Helps for Leaders” will be sent to every one ordering a supply of the 
 book “In Four Continents” for class study. 
 
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CHOICE BOOKS 
 
 For Missionary Libraries 
 
 Introduction to the Study of Missions — T. C. Jonnson, D.D $0.60 
 
 Evangelical Invasion of &azil — S. R. Gammon, D.D .75 
 
 “In Four Continents,’’ F. M. Text Book for 1912 — H. F. Williams— paper, 35c.; 
 
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 Decisive Hour of Missions — P. M. Text Book for 1912 — Mott — paper, 35c.; cloth .50 
 
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 Lights and Shadows in the Far East — S. H. Chester, D.D 60 
 
 Missionary Heroines in Eastern Lands — cloth .65 
 
 Lady Missionaries in Foreign Lands— cloth .6.5 
 
 Life of Henry Marty n — cloth 65 
 
 Life of Dr. Grenfell — cloth .65 
 
 Life of Robert Morrison — cloth .65 
 
 Life of David Livingston — cloth 65 
 
 Life of William Carey — cloth .65 
 
 The Unfinished Task — Dr. Barton... .50 
 
 Report of Edinburgh Missionary Conference — 1 Vol 1.00 
 
 Unoccupied Fields — Dr. Zwemer. .50 
 
 Growth of the Missionary Concept — Dr. Goucher .75 
 
 The Challenge of the City — Josiah Strong — paper, 35c.; cloth.. .50 
 
 Christianity’s Storm Center — Chas. Stelzle — paper, 35c.; cloth .50 
 
 Citizens of To-Morrow — Guernsey — cloth .50 
 
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 The Working Man and Social Problems — Stelzle — cloth .75 
 
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 FOR YOUNG readers: 
 
 Best Things in America — paper 25 
 
 The Finding-Out Club — paper .25 
 
 Coming Americans — paper .25 
 
 ’The Call of the Waters — paper .35 
 
 Home Mission Handicraft— paper 50 
 
 Child Life Series— Mexicans, Indians, etc. — each. 10 
 
 The Happiest Girl in Korea — cloth.. 60 
 
 Topsy-'Turvy Land — cloth 75 
 
 Winners of the World for Twenty Centuries — cloth .60 
 
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 Foreign Mission Stories— by Grandma Bright.. .15 
 
 Home Mission Stories— by. Grandma Bright 15 
 
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